alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Pen Park Hole

Pen Park Hole is a large cavern situated underground, at the edge of Filton Golf Course. The cavern was discovered accidentally in the 17th century and the first descent was made by Captain Sturmy in 1669. The entrance is adjacent to the Southmead and Brentry housing estates of north Bristol. Access is tightly controlled by Bristol City Council. It was scheduled as a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 2016 on account of its geological origins, and its cave invertebrate community including the cave shrimp Niphargus kochianus, which is normally known as a spring seepage or chalk aquifer species.

History
Captain Sturmy descended into the pit on July 2, 1669. Having roped down from an old lead mine, he and a miner companion descended using 25 fathoms () of rope. They found a large chamber which they illuminated with candles. Exploring further they found an underground river 20 fathoms wide. Seeing a passage  above them, they had a ladder lowered which they used to ascend into the passage. Here they found what they thought was a rich mine "an abundance of strange places, the flooring being a kind of a white stone, enamelled with lead-ore, and the pendant rocks were glazed with saltpetre, which distilled upon them from above, and which time had petrified." After a few hours they ascended to the surface, but the unfortunate Captain Sturmy suffered from a severe headache for four days, developed a fever and died. This gave the hole a bad reputation and for a long time, nobody was willing to explore it further.

On 17 March 1775 Reverend Thomas Newnam of Redcliffe Church fell to his death while attempting to plumb the depth when the tree branch onto which he was holding broke. His body was recovered 17 days later.

In 2007 a mast for mobile phone signals was proposed at the site, however a local campaign had this resited. In 2012 a housing development was proposed. This was rejected after further surveys of the cave showing that it was the only subterranean colony of the shrimp Niphargus kochianus.

Description
The cave consists of some short climbs, and a few chambers, the last of which is a very tall rift chamber with a lake that changes height by as much as 20 metres. Side passages contain impressive dogtooth spar. The cave was formed by rising geothermal water (and is one of the best examples of a hydrothermal cave in the UK or Ireland), making it far older than other caves in the area, at around 190 million years old. The main chamber is  high,  long and  wide. The lake within it is  deep but the level fluctuates widely.

The cave entrance is in a residential area and is protected by a steel plate for safety reasons. Access is under the control of Bristol City Council.

References

External links
Pen Park Hole (2013) http://www.penparkhole.org.uk/

UK Caves - Pen Park Hole (2011) http://www.ukcaves.co.uk/cave-penpark

Caves of Bristol
Southmead
Manulife Place

Manulife Place is a highrise office building and shopping mall in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was completed in 1983 and designed by Clifford Lawrie Bolton Ritchie Architects. It is located at the corner of 102 Avenue and 101 Street in downtown Edmonton. Naming rights of the complex are held by insurer Manulife.

The building has a two level shopping concourse. Manulife Place is connected by the Edmonton Pedway to Edmonton City Centre and Commerce Place.

At  tall, with 36 floors, it was the tallest building in Edmonton from 1983 until 2011. In 2011, it was overtaken by Epcor Tower at .

History of the site
The location of Manulife Place was formerly the home of the King Edward Hotel which stood on the site from 1904 to 1980, before being destroyed by fire.

Manulife Place was constructed by the local general contractor PCL Construction, with another local contractor, C. W. Carry manufacturing and erecting the structural steel.

Luxury department chain Holt Renfrew had a 30,000 square foot store at Manulife Place from 1982 until January 11, 2020, as the Louis Vuitton concession inside the store had departed for West Edmonton Mall, and as the Holt Renfrew chain decided to focus on larger stores with 130,000 square feet or more.

See also
List of tallest buildings in Edmonton
List of Edmonton malls

References

External links

Buildings and structures completed in 1983
Buildings and structures in Edmonton
Skyscraper office buildings in Edmonton
Shopping malls in Edmonton
Tourist attractions in Edmonton
1983 establishments in Alberta
What We Do Is Secret (novel)

What We Do Is Secret is a novel by Thorn Kief Hillsbery, published by Villard in 2005.

What We Do Is Secret takes place in Los Angeles in 1981, six months after the death of Darby Crash (lead singer of the Germs). It is narrated by a gay street kid named Rockets Redglare, who knew Darby personally. All the action occurs over the course of 24 hours, on Rockets' 13th birthday.

Synopsis
Rockets was ten years old when he first met Darby Crash, lead singer of LA punk band the Germs. He and Darby had a sexual relationship and Rockets, like many in the scene, looked up to Darby. Rockets was aware, however, that he was often manipulated by Darby's mind games and talent for controlling people. After Darby's death Rockets continues to hang out in the local punk scene, but things are changing and he considers leaving LA.

Rockets' circle of close friends is composed of Siouxie, Squid, and Blitzer. Peripheral characters include Rory Dolores, Animal Cracker, Slade, and Hellin Killer. Despite his age, Rockets is accepted as one of the gang, but he is secretly scared of being returned to a group home. Blitzer, a young man, is very affectionate towards Rockets and the two gradually become more intimate, sexually and otherwise. Blitzer holds out the hope of a new life for the two of them together in Idaho. Blitzer gradually gets more intimate with Rockets, buying a double sleeping bag when they go camping and offering to hold his penis in the bathroom. Eventually, after a concert, they make love and Rockets welcomes Blitzer's advances. They then shower together and Blitzer comments on the bruises that Rockets got when he was arrested by the police]. Rockets admits to Blitzer, "My worst fear is like ending up in a boy's home." Blitzer then gives the boy his first shave and later on shaves his head as Rockets turns from punk to skinhead for his birthday.

All four of the core group of friends make money by turning tricks of one sort or another and spend it on drugs, typically poppers, tabs, and the amphetamine derivative Desoxyn. Two gay tourists hire the group to show them around LA and are therefore also involved in much of the action of the book.

References

2005 American novels
American LGBT novels
Fiction set in 1981
Novels set in Los Angeles
Villard (imprint) books
Heek, Germany

Heek is a municipality in the district of Borken, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the border with the Netherlands, approx. 20 km south-east of Enschede. Heek consists of two villages, Heek and Nienborg.

Sights 
The municipality has various sights to offer:
 Nienborg Castle
 Saint Ludgerus Church in Heek. In 1256, this catholic church was mentioned in a document for the first time. It was enlarged several times. The church houses various masterpieces of art, e.g. a baroque pulpit dating from 1755 and a medieval tabernacle from 1520.
 In the middle of Heek, Eppingscher Hof, a historic farm house dating from 1857, was transformed into a cultural center in 1990.

References

Borken (district)
Guilty Bystander

Guilty Bystander is a 1950 American crime drama directed by Joseph Lerner, and starring Zachary Scott and Faye Emerson. The film was shot on location entirely in New York City.  It also marked the last motion picture screen appearances for character actors Mary Boland and J. Edward Bromberg.

Plot
Max Thursday is an ex-cop and an alcoholic. The only job he can find is house detective at his pal Smitty's rundown hotel.

Ex-wife Georgia comes to him in a panic. Their young son Jeff is missing and so is her brother Fred Mace. She didn't report it, after being warned not to go to the police by Dr. Elder, who is a business acquaintance of Fred's.

The drunken Max confronts pistol packing Dr. Elder, looking for answers regarding his missing son, but the doctor knocks him out cold from behind. Max wakes up and is taken to police headquarters for questioning.  He soon learns that Dr. Elder has been killed and he becomes the prime suspect. Georgia gives the cops a false alibi for Max, so the police have no cause to hold him, and he's released.

Now sober, Max learns that the doctor was involved in a diamond smuggling operation with Varkas, a known criminal. He learns from Varkas' helpful moll, Angel, that the gangster's men are holding Fred hostage.

Max is shot in the arm by Varkas' thugs.  He goes to Georgia who stitches his wounds. When he recovers, he goes to Varkas' warehouse to look for Mace. He discovers that Varkas and his bodyguards are all dead.

Max finally realizes that his old friend Smitty is behind the whole scheme. Fred and little Jeff are rescued. Grateful Georgia embraces her little boy and welcomes Max back into the family.

Cast
 Zachary Scott as Max Thursday
 Faye Emerson as Georgia
 Mary Boland as Smitty
 Sam Levene as Captain Tonetti
 J. Edward Bromberg as Varkas
 Kay Medford as Angel
 Jed Prouty as Dr. Elder
 Harry Landers as Bert
 Dennis Patrick as Fred Mace
 Ray Julian as Johnny

Reaction

Film critic Bosley Crowther, writing for The New York Times, calls Guilty Bystander's plot as average but notes "... the slow, sultry, steaming sadism that is usually standard in this type of film is rather effectively accomplished. The photography is full of heavy moods. And some of the melodramatic action, such as a chase in the subway, is good."

Film critic Dennis Schwartz panned the film in his review, but praised Zachary Scott's acting chops.  He wrote, "Zachary Scott acts his butt off, but can't come close to saving this uninteresting film noir melodrama from how ordinary it is. It's a low-budget film that is saddled with a weak storyline and is poorly photographed. It's about a world of assorted losers: drunks, hypochondriacs, smugglers, and double-crossers ... There's just not much of a story here to sink your teeth into. The film's best asset is Scott acting out the part of a thirsty drunk."

References

External links
 
 
 
 
 

1950 films
1950 crime drama films
American crime drama films
American black-and-white films
Film noir
Films scored by Dimitri Tiomkin
Films based on American novels
1950s English-language films
1950s American films
Pure Holocaust

Pure Holocaust is the second album by Norwegian black metal band Immortal. It was released on November 1, 1993, on Osmose Productions. It is generally faster sounding than its predecessor Diabolical Fullmoon Mysticism. The lyrics focus mainly on ice, snow, and fantasy landscapes. It is the first album to feature Abbath on drums.

The album was released as a standard CD, as a limited LP on Osmose Productions (which was reissued in 2005), and as a limited edition picture disc in 1998.

Track listing

Personnel
Immortal
Abbath Doom Occulta – vocals, bass, drums
Demonaz Doom Occulta – guitar

Note
Grim is credited for drums on the album and appears on the cover, however, drums were played by Abbath.

References

External links
 Official website
 Immortal Discography
 Encyclopaedia Metallum

1993 albums
Immortal (band) albums
Ambitle

Ambitle is a volcanic island which, together with Babase, another volcanic island, is one of the two Feni Islands in the Bismarck Archipelago. The island is located within the Papua New Guinea's New Ireland Province, to the east of the island of New Ireland.

Ambitle is a stratovolcano, reaching  above sea level. It last erupted in about 350 BCE based on radiocarbon dating. Its caldera,  wide, contains thermal areas on its western side. Venting of hydrothermal water also occurs in coral reefs to the west of this island.

References

Further reading
 

Islands of Papua New Guinea
Stratovolcanoes of Papua New Guinea
New Ireland Province
Pliocene stratovolcanoes
Pleistocene stratovolcanoes
Holocene stratovolcanoes
Heiden, Germany

Heiden is a municipality in the district of Borken in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approximately 5 km east of Borken.

Its most important symbol are the devil stones.

Geography

Location 
Heiden is located in the west of the Westphalian Lowland near to the changeover to the Ruhr area in the south.
In the north of Heiden are The Mountains (Die Berge). Heiden is surrounded by many woods.

Neighbouring places 
In the north Heiden borders the city of Borken and the city of Velen, in the east borders the municipality of Reken. 
The southern border of Heiden to Dorsten is also the border to the district of Recklinghausen.

Division 
Officially, Heiden has no division. Nevertheless, there are hamlets outside the urban settlement of Heiden. On the one hand, there are the dispersed settlements of Leblich with its Hamlets Buschausen, Leblich and Heiden along the Railway Street in the south and on the other hand Nordick and Lammersfeld in the north.

History

Early history 
In one of Heidens forests (The Uhlen) you can find the devil stones (in German Teufelssteine or in Low German Düwelsteene) these are the remains of a Neolithic dolmen from 3500–2800 B.C. These are the earlist evidence of human settlement in the local area.

Foundation/Name 
Heiden was founded as the farm Heghinc. In the year 870, Heiden was first mentioned in a donation to a monastery.
During its  development to a settlement, Heiden was also named Heidion, Heithene, Hethen and finally Heyden. 
The origin of the Name Heiden is the heathland (German: Heideland), which is the natural landscape in Heidens area.

Since 1975, Heiden is a municipality.

Politics 
The parties and associations in the municipal council were voted every five years.

Patrick Voßkamp (CDU), whose term began in 2020, is the current mayor. He was preceded by Hans-Jürgen Benson (SPD), whose term began in 2015. Before 2015, the independent candidate Heiner Buß was mayor for 15 years.

Twin towns 
 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Thuringia, 
 Lancaster, Wisconsin, 
 Rybno, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship,

Gallery

References

External links
 Official website 

Borken (district)
America (magazine)

America is a monthly Catholic magazine published by the Jesuits of the United States and headquartered in midtown Manhattan. It contains news and opinion about Catholicism and how it relates to American politics and cultural life. It has been published continuously since 1909, and is also available online. 

With its Jesuit affiliation, America has been considered a liberal-leaning publication, and has been described by The Washington Post as "a favorite of Catholic liberal intellectuals".

History
The Jesuit provinces of the U.S.A. founded America in New York in 1909 and continue to publish the weekly printed magazine. Francis X. Talbot was editor-in-chief from 1936 to 1944.

Matt Malone became the fourteenth editor-in-chief on 1 October 2012, the youngest in the magazine's history. In September 2013, the magazine published an interview of Pope Francis with his fellow Jesuit Antonio Spadaro. 

In the spring of 2014, Malone announced that America would open a bureau in Rome with Gerard O'Connell as  correspondent.

On February 28, 2017, America launched a podcast, Jesuitical, targeted at young Catholics.

In 2022 Matt Malone concluded his editorship after ten years.

Sam Sawyer became the fifteenth editor.

Controversy 
From 1998, when Thomas J. Reese became editor-in-chief, the magazine became controversial for publishing articles and opinion pieces at variance with the teaching of the Holy See on homosexuality, priestly celibacy, birth control, the debate about induced abortion and other matters. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith proposed a committee of censors to review the magazine’s content. Reese resigned in May 2005. The National Catholic Reporter asserted that Reese's resignation was forced by the Vatican, although America and the Jesuit generalate in Rome denied this.

In 2009, under the leadership of Drew Christiansen, the editorial board gave support to an invitation for US President Barack Obama to receive an honorary degree at the University of Notre Dame. This was controversial, since the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops had discouraged Catholic Universities from honoring politicians and activists that supported abortion rights.

See also
 John J. Wynne

References

External links
 

1909 establishments in the United States
Weekly magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1909
Magazines published in New York City
Jesuit publications
Catholic magazines published in the United States
Religious magazines published in the United States
Clair-obscur (album)

Clair-obscur () is a 2000 album by Françoise Hardy, released in France in May 2000 on LP and CD, Virgin France S.A. (7243 8 492031 9) and (7243 8 492032 6).

Track listing
 "Puisque vous partez en voyage" (Mireille, Jean Nohain) duet with Jacques Dutronc
 "Tous mes souvenirs me tuent (Tears)" (Stéphane Grappelli, Django Reinhardt, F. Hardy)
 "Celui que tu veux" (Yonis Balmayer, Olivier Ngog) duet with Ol
 "Clair-obscur" (Khalil Chahine, F. Hardy)
 "Un Homme est mort" (José María Cano, F. Hardy)
 "Duck's Blues" (Alain Lubrano, F. Hardy)
 "I'll Be Seeing You" (Sammy Fain, Irving Kahal) duet with Iggy Pop
 "Tu ressembles à tous ceux qui ont eu du chagrin" (F. Hardy)
 "La Pleine lune"  (Alain Lubrano, F. Hardy)
 "So Sad (To Watch Good Love Go Bad)" (Don Everly) duet with Étienne Daho
 "La Saison des pluies" (Christophe Rose, F. Hardy)
 "Contre vents et marées" (Eric Clapton, F. Hardy)
 "La Vérité des choses"  (Alain Lubrano, F. Hardy)

Personnel
Françoise Hardy – vocals
Jean-Pierre Sabar – piano
Jean-Claude Dubois – orchestra director
Pierre-Alain Dahan – drums
Marc Perier – bass

Certifications and sales

References

Françoise Hardy albums
2000 albums
French-language albums
Virgin Records albums
Dino Seremet

Dino Seremet (born 16 August 1980) is a retired Slovenian footballer.

Career
Seremet also spent loan spells at Tranmere Rovers and Doncaster Rovers, while contracted to Luton Town While on loan to Tranmere, Seremet was their first-choice goalkeeper. He became notable when signing for Luton in July 2004, though Seremet failed to break into the first-team at the English side, making only 6 first-team appearances.

Seremet signed a two-year contract with AEL 1964 in July 2008. He managed to play only in 3 matches and in January 2011 he signed with Doxa Dramas. Although he had a very successful season with 31 appearances, the team was once more relegated from Superleague. In August 2012, he returned to AEL 1964 and signed a one-year contract till the end of the season.

References

External links
 

1980 births
Living people
Slovenian men's footballers
Slovenian expatriate men's footballers
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Super League Greece players
NK Maribor players
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Men's association football goalkeepers
A.O. Kerkyra players
Athens Kallithea F.C. players
Athlitiki Enosi Larissa F.C. players
PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv players
Doxa Drama F.C. players
Panthrakikos F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria
Footballers from Ljubljana
Legden

Legden (; Westphalian: Ledden) is a municipality in the district of Borken, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located between Ahaus and Coesfeld.

References

Borken (district)
Cuba Cola

Cuba Cola is a cola-flavoured soft drink produced in Sweden, bottled by Saturnus AB. It was introduced to the market in the summer of 1953 soon after cola drinks had become legal in Sweden, beating Coca-Cola by three months in Sweden.

The recipe is owned by Saturnus AB of Malmö and it is brewed on license by Vasa bryggeri, Hammars bryggeri, Heines bryggeri, Guttsta Källa and Krönleins.

References

External links

Cola brands
Swedish drinks
1953 establishments in Sweden
Great Britain at the 1964 Winter Olympics

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland competed as Great Britain at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria.

British luger Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypecki was killed on the Olympic course two weeks before the games.

Medallists

Alpine skiing

Men

Men's slalom

Women

Biathlon

Men

 1 Two minutes added per miss.

Bobsleigh

Nash and Dixon won the race after being loaned an axle bolt by the Italian bobsledder Eugenio Monti, who finished third but would be given the first De Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship.

Cross-country skiing

Men

Men's 4 × 10 km relay

Figure skating

Men

Women

Luge

British luger Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypecki was killed on the Olympic course two weeks before the games.

Men

Speed skating

Men

References
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
 Olympic Winter Games 1964, full results by sports-reference.com

Nations at the 1964 Winter Olympics
1964 Winter Olympics
Winter Olympics
Winter sports in the United Kingdom
Banaz

Banaz is a town in Uşak Province in the inner Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Banaz District. Its population is 16,807 (2022). The mayor is Zafer Arpacı (AKP). The town is situated on the main road from İzmir to Ankara, at a distance of  to the province seat of Uşak.  

There is a village in Banaz District that carries the same name of "Banaz", lying at a distance of 4 km from the town. This is where the ancient site of the locality, called Panasion and from which the name Banaz derives, was actually located.

References

Populated places in Banaz District
District municipalities in Turkey
Phrygia
Karahallı

Karahallı is a town in Uşak Province in the inner Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Karahallı District. Its population is 5,672 (2022). Karahallı is at a distance of  from the province center of Uşak lying to its north.

The name of the town makes reference to its founder, the 14th century Turkmen bey Kara Halil. The township was made into a district in 1953, simultaneous to the separation of Uşak Province from Kütahya Province, and Uşak's becoming a province seat. 

There is a recently built dam and its reservoir, which is arranged into a recreational area that stands out notably by the presence of an ancient bridge, possibly associated with the Lydians and the Persians, and the Royal Road, although research specific to the bridge is yet to be made. It is built over Banaz Stream (Banaz Çayı) which later joins Büyük Menderes River and the locality is called Clandras or Klandras.

The ancient site of Pepuza, proclaimed as new Jerusalem in the traditions of Montanism, sometimes referred to as the lost sect of Christianity (mid-2nd century) is located within the boundaries of Karahallı district, and is an important visitor's attraction.

Another important ancient construction is Cılandıras Bridge over Banaz Stream. 

In Ottoman times, the township was an important center for textile products, made especially of wool woven following Turkish traditions. Weaving activity is still pursued in an intensive manner with the presence of more than a thousand electric power looms across the district. 

Cultivation of grapes intended for production of wine in the nearby center of Bekilli is also an important economic activity.

The region of Karahallı experienced considerable levels of outside immigration in recent decades, both towards other centers of its region and towards Europe. People who originate in Karahallı and live outside the district now outnumber those living in Karahallı. 

Among notable natives is Azra Akın, Miss World in 2002, herself born in the Netherlands, but whose father, the former Eskişehirspor player Nazmi Akın, is from Karahallı.

See also
 Pepuza

References

Populated places in Uşak Province
Karahallı District
District municipalities in Turkey
Sivaslı

Sivaslı, formerly known as Sebaste () is a town in Uşak Province in the inner Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Sivaslı District. Its population is 7,082 (2022). Sebaste ancient city area is  away from Sivaslı town center today.

The ancient city of Sebaste was founded by Roman Emperor Augustus in 20 AD, and was one of the 12 important cities of Roman Phrygia. Under the Byzantine Empire, the city turned into a regional bishop seat. There are remains of Byzantine buildings from the 6th and 10th century, including two large basilicas.

References

External links
 A collection of photographs of the ruins of Sebaste

Populated places in Sivaslı District
District municipalities in Turkey
Ulubey, Uşak

Ulubey, formerly Göbek, is a town in Uşak Province in the inner Aegean Region of  Turkey. It is the seat of Ulubey District. Its population is 6,195 (2022).

References

Populated places in Uşak Province
Ulubey District, Uşak
District municipalities in Turkey
Raesfeld

Raesfeld () is a municipality in the district of Borken in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approximately 10 km south of Borken and 30 km east of the Dutch border.

Raesfeld's landmark is the moated castle , originally built in the 13th century and extended and remodeled in Renaissance style in the 17th century. It is now primarily used by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia as a center for the teaching of crafts; the formal gardens have been lost, but the wildlife park has been restored and is part of the European Garden Heritage Network.

The municipality of Raesfeld includes , a village within the  that has an ancient oak, the , thought to be 600–850 years old and named for Vehmic court sessions formerly held under it.

Gallery

References

External links
 Site of the municipality 
 History of the castle 
 Gallery about Raesfeld in general, and the castle 
 Gallery showing the castle

Borken (district)
Başçiftlik

Başçiftlik is a town in Tokat Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Başçiftlik District. Its population is 3,760 (2022). The mayor is Murat Tunçel (AKP).

References

Populated places in Tokat Province
Başçiftlik District
District municipalities in Turkey
Erbaa

Erbaa is a town in Tokat Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Erbaa District. Its population is 75,210 (2022). The town of Erbaa lies on the left bank of the Kelkit River and is surrounded by the Erbaa Plain, most of which lies in its district.

One kilometer east-southeast of Erbaa is the archaeological site of Horoztepe.

Etymology
The name "Erbaa" means "four" in Arabic. According to the official records of the Ottoman Empire, this name started to be used beginning from the early 18th century. The name was also used as "Nevah-i Erbaa", which literally means "four towns". It refers to the period when the most important settlements between Niksar and Amasya, namely Erek, Karayaka, Sonusa (Uluköy), and Taşâbat (Taşova) were collectively named as Nevah-i Erbaa or "four towns" as they were in the same region and close to one another. Even the accrued taxes of the time were recorded in this name. In 1840, the taxes collected from these four towns were registered to be 47,243 kuruş.

Erbaa came to be used as a general name for Erek, Karayaka, Sonusa, and Taşâbat and was regarded as a district. The name Kaza-i Erbaa, or Erbaa District was also used during the Ottoman Empire. As the town of Erek developed more than the others over time, it became a district in 1872 and took the name Erbaa on its own and the others, Taşâbat, Karayaka and Sonusa became the villages of Erek, or today's Erbaa. Later, in 1944, when Taşabat or today's Taşova became a separate district in 1944, Sonusa was also annexed to Taşova.

References

 
Populated places in Erbaa District
District municipalities in Turkey
Staincliffe Wapentake

Staincliffe, also known as Staincliff, was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England.

The wapentake was named from a place called Staincliffe, now lost, in Bank Newton, not to be confused with Staincliffe near Dewsbury.  Staincliffe was presumably where the wapentake originally met, although in the 12th century it met at Flasby.

The wapentake was split into two divisions.  The East Division included the ancient parishes of Barnoldswick, Bracewell, Broughton, Burnsall, Carleton, Gargrave, Hebden, Keighley, Kettlewell, Kildwick, Linton, Marton in Craven, Skipton, Thornton in Craven and parts of Arncliffe and Addingham.

The West Division included the parishes of Bolton by Bowland, Giggleswick, Gisburn, Kirkby Malhamdale, Long Preston, Slaidburn and parts of Arncliffe, Browsholme, Mitton, and Sawley. Some parts of the Forest of Bowland attached to the Chapelry of Whitewell, were part of the Lancashire parish of Whalley in neighbouring Blackburnshire.

Old Deanery of Craven 

The old Deanery of Craven was approximately equivalent to the Wapentake of Staincliff.

References

External links
 http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10140110/relationships

Wapentakes of the West Riding of Yorkshire
Pazar, Tokat

Pazar is a town in Tokat Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Pazar District. Its population is 4,615 (2022). The mayor is Erdoğan Yılmaz (AKP).

References

Populated places in Tokat Province
Pazar District, Tokat
District municipalities in Turkey
Sulusaray

Sulusaray or Çiftlik, in Antiquity and the early Middle Ages known as Sebastopolis () or Heracleopolis (), is a town in Tokat Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Sulusaray District. Its population is 4,383 (2022). Sulusaray is about 68 km from the center of Tokat, and about 30 km from Artova town. The site is situated on a plain surrounded by mountains and the Çekerek river runs near it. The mayor is Necmettin Coruk (AKP).

Name
The word Sebastopolis comes from Greek Sebastos, the Greek equivalent of the Latin Augustus, while polis means "city".  In some sources the city was named as Heracleopolis (meaning  "the city of Heracles", a Greek deity symbolizing power and strength).

History
The date of foundation of this ancient city is still unknown. Some sources say that it was first established in the first century during the reign of Roman emperor Trajan, and that the city was separated from the districts of Pontus Galaticus/Polemoniacus and was included in the province of Cappadocia. An epitaph inscription about this survives. The epitaph was written as a monument for Arrian, the Governor of the region of Cappadocia.  In Ptolemy's time, it was a town in Pontus Cappadocicus (Ptol. v. 6. § 7), which, according to the Antonine Itinerary (p. 205), was situated on a route leading from Tavium to Sebastia (modern Sivas), and was connected by a road with Caesarea (p. 214). Pliny (vi. 3) places it in the district of Colopene, and agrees with other authorities in describing it as a small town. (Hierocl. p. 703)

Architectural pieces recovered during the diggings organized by the Directorate of the Tokat Museum in 1987 showed that the city was an important settlement during the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods. The artefacts recovered at the Comana Pontica (Old Tokat) are very similar to those recovered from the city of Sebastopolis, probably these two ancient cities had a close relationship in the past.

Sebastopolis is at the crossroads of east to west route and south and central to north route. This shows the importance of the city during the Roman and Byzantine periods.

The ancient city was surrounded by a city wall made of small, neatly cut stones put together without using mortar. A circular shape temple was discovered at the northeast side of the city, it was made of marble floor. The baths are situated at the eastern part of the Sebastopolis, where the water needed was recovered from the thermal spring located about 3 kilometers to the southwest. Many statues and statuettes, friezes, columns, grave steles and epitaphs have been found during excavations.

References

External links
District municipality's official website 

Populated places in Tokat Province
Roman towns and cities in Turkey
Hellenistic colonies in Anatolia
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
Geography of Pontus
Sulusaray District
District municipalities in Turkey
Bristol 400

The Bristol 400 is a luxury car produced by the Bristol Aeroplane Company of Great Britain, its first. After World War II in 1947, BAC decided to diversify and formed a car division, which would later be the Bristol Cars company in its own right.  BAC inspected the former BMW car factory in what was now a Soviet-controlled East German factory, and returned to Britain with plans for the 327 model and the six-cylinder engine as official war reparations. Bristol then employed BMW engineer Fritz Fiedler to lead their engine development team. In 1947, the newly formed Bristol Cars released their 400 coupé, a lengthened version of the BMW 327. that featured BMW's double-kidney grille. BAC had also acquired  Frazer Nash  who had held a licence to build BMW models pre war.

Bristol chose to base its first model on the best features of two outstanding pre-war BMWs, namely the 328's engine, and the 326's frame. These were covered with a mainly steel body but with aluminium bonnet, door and boot skins inspired by the BMW 327's. The Bristol 400 featured a slightly modified version of BMW's six-cylinder pushrod engine of 1,971 cc (bore 66 mm, stroke 96 mm). This engine, considered advanced for its time due to its hemispherical combustion chambers and very short inlet and exhaust ports, developed 80 horsepower at 4,500 revs per minute and could carry the 400 to a top speed of around 148 km/h (92 mph) with acceleration to match. In order to maintain a hemispherical combustion chamber, the valves had to be positioned at an angle to the head. In order to drive both sets of valves from a single camshaft, the Bristol engine used a system of rods, followers and bell-cranks to drive the valves on the far side of the engine from the camshaft. Owners soon found that setting and maintaining the numerous clearances in the system was difficult but vital to keep the engine in tune. The gearbox was a four-speed manual with synchromesh on the upper three ratios and a freewheel on first.

The model 400 was the only Bristol to be fitted with a steel and aluminium skin, and had all flat glass, but for the curved rear window, glazed in perspex, which was available to specification with a top hinge. This feature was very welcome on warmer climate export markets, where the sliding door windows provided only marginal ventilation to the passengers.

The 400 featured independent front suspension with a transverse leaf spring and a live axle, located by an A-bracket over the differential case and longitudinal torsion bars with transverse arms and brackets at the rear. It featured a lengthy 2895 mm (114 inch) wheelbase and a very BMW-like grille at the front of its long bonnet. The passenger area was very short, with the spare tyre mounted inside the boot on the first cars, but eventually mounted on the rear hinged boot lid, inside an aluminium cover.

References

External links
 Bristol Owners Club - Bristol Type 400 - 2 litre Saloon
 Erdal Can Alkoçlar
 Buying a Six-Cylinder Bristol
 jel450.com Bristol 2 litre engined cars

400
Sports sedans
Cars introduced in 1947
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Reken

Reken is a municipality in the district of Borken, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approximately 15 km east of Borken.

Sister Mary Prema hails from this municipality.

References

Borken (district)
Andrew W. Marlowe

Andrew W. Marlowe (sometimes Andrew Marlowe) is an American screenwriter. Marlowe is best known for being the creator of, a executive producer of, and a writer on Castle, a crime mystery and comedy-drama TV show, that ran on ABC from 2009 to 2016, starring Nathan Fillion in the eponymous role.

Biography
Marlowe graduated from Columbia University in 1988 with a degree in English Literature, and attended the University of Southern California where he obtained his MFA in Screenwriting in 1992.

Screenwriting
He won the Nicholl Fellowship award for screenwriting for his script The Lehigh Pirates. Apogee, a space-based adventure he wrote soon after, sold for $500,000. He went on to write Air Force One, End of Days and Hollow Man.

He wrote the unproduced scripts Hammer Down, Alien Prison and a Western intended for Harrison Ford and John Woo. He is the creator and executive producer of the ABC TV series Castle, which he also frequently wrote. He also created the TV series Take Two and the revival of The Equalizer

He is working on two film screenplays, Manhunt and a film adaptation of the comic book character Nick Fury.

Novels
Marlowe is purportedly the ghostwriter (or co-writer) of Heat Wave, a mystery novel published September 28, 2009, attributed to the fictional Richard Castle—the title character of the Castle TV series; the novel itself is a plot element in the show. The author acknowledges Marlowe's wife Terri E. Miller as "my partner in crime". The book debuted at number 26 on The New York Times Best Seller list.

Personal life 
Marlowe lives in Los Angeles with wife and fellow screenwriter Terri Edda Miller; she has two children from her first marriage

Filmography 
Film writer
 Air Force One (1997)
 End of Days (1999)
 Hollow Man (2000)

Television

Notes

External links
 

Living people
20th-century male writers
21st-century American male writers
American male screenwriters
American television writers
Columbia College (New York) alumni
American male television writers
USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American screenwriters
21st-century American screenwriters
WRNO

WRNO may refer to:

 WRNO (shortwave), a shortwave radio station located in Metairie, Louisiana, United States
 WRNO-FM, a radio station (99.5 FM) licensed to New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
National Internet registry

A national Internet registry (or NIR) is an organization under the umbrella of a regional Internet registry with the task of coordinating IP address allocations and other Internet resource management functions at a national level within a country or economic unit.

NIRs operate primarily in the Asia Pacific region, under the authority of APNIC, the regional Internet registry for that region.

The following NIRs are currently operating in the APNIC region:

 IDNIC-APJII (Indonesia Network Information Centre-Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia)
 CNNIC, China Internet Network Information Center
 JPNIC, Japan Network Information Center
 KRNIC, Korea Internet & Security Agency
 TWNIC, Taiwan Network Information Center
 VNNIC, Vietnam Internet Network Information Center
 Indian Registry for Internet Names and Numbers

The following NIRs are currently operating in the Latin American (LACNIC) region:
NIC Mexico
NIC.br

There are no NIRs operating in the RIPE NCC region.

See also 
 Country code top-level domain
 Geolocation software
 Internet governance
 Local Internet registry

References

External links
 APNIC website
 NIC Mexico website
 NIC Chile website

Regional Internet registries
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
Internet Standards
Internet governance
Derepazarı

Derepazarı is a town in Rize Province on the Black Sea coast of Turkey between the cities of Rize and Trabzon, 8 km west of the city of Rize. It is the seat of Derepazarı District. Its population is 3,913 (2021).

Features
The district consists of a small town on the coast and an area of countryside in the mountains that rise up behind.

The Black Sea is clean in the area although there are no sandy beaches and the population of Derepazarı rises in summer with holidaymakers coming to enjoy the coast. Furthermore the mainstay of the local economy is growing and processing tea, and in summer there is seasonal work in the tea industry also.

The town centre is small as Derepazarı is very close to the city of Rize and therefore people go there for shopping etc.

Climate
Derepazarı has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa).

References

Populated places in Rize Province
Populated coastal places in Turkey
Derepazarı District
District municipalities in Turkey
Güneysu

Güneysu is a town in Rize Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey, inland from the city of Rize. It is the seat of Güneysu District. Its population is 8,722 (2021).

History
Güneysu was formerly named in Greek Potamya (Ποταμιὰ, "river village") and the name persists in local usage to this day, as Güneysu stands on a plain watered by the Potamya river, a tributary of the Taşlıdere (or Askoroz) river (the ancient and Byzantine Ἄσκουρος ποταμός).

Geography
This is a hilly district of rivers and valleys, inland from the Black Sea coast, with peaks inland as high as 2000 m. The climate is wet, hence the number of valleys that have been cut through by mountain streams. Thus, floods and landslides are a constant threat even today. The coastal vegetation is broad-leaved but the higher land is pine forest, with Alpine plants in the high meadows up in the Kaçkar Mountains. 

Güneysu is an impoverished rural district losing much of its population as they migrate to jobs elsewhere (some of Turkey's biggest construction firms have their roots here for example). The main source of income is growing tea and in recent years kiwifruit. Other crops are mainly grown in family gardens for personal use. The only industry is tea processing, and Güneysu is a centre of this for the Rize province.

Climate
Güneysu has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa).

Notable natives
The Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is from a Güneysu family, spent part of his childhood here, and still regularly visits the district.

References

Populated places in Rize Province
Güneysu District
District municipalities in Turkey
İyidere

İyidere is a town in Rize Province on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey, 14 km from the city of Rize. It is the seat of İyidere District. Its population is 5,362 (2021).

Formerly known as Aspet, İyidere is a green rural district. The local economy depends on growing and processing tea, plus some other farming and fishing.

Climate
İyidere has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa).

History
See Rize Province for the history of the area, once part of the trading network of the Ancient Greeks based in Miletos, who founded the port of İyidere, then part of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire and the Empire of Trebizond until it was brought into the Ottoman Empire by Mehmet II in 1461.

References

External links
  Municipality's official website
 and photo gallery

Populated places in Rize Province
Fishing communities in Turkey
Populated coastal places in Turkey
İyidere District
District municipalities in Turkey
Schöppingen

Schöppingen is a municipality in the district of Borken in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approximately  south-west of Steinfurt.

The Master of the Schöppingen Altarpiece derives his name from an altarpiece that hangs in the town parish church.

Gallery

Personalities 

 Heinrich von Ahaus (c. 1371–1439), promoter of the movement of the brothers and sisters of common life
 Heinrich Krechting (1501-1580), radical leader of the Baptist movement

References

Borken (district)
Gamalost

Gamalost (also Gammelost, Gammalost) is a traditional Norwegian   cheese.

History
Gamalost, which translates as old cheese, was once a staple of the Norwegian diet. The name might be due to the texture of the surface, or the fact that it is an old tradition, not the ripening which may take as little as two weeks. Like many traditional Norwegian foods, such as flat bread, dry salted meats and stockfish, Gamalost could be stored for long periods without refrigeration. 
The brownish-yellow cheese is firm, moist, coarse and often granular. Gamalost is rich in protein with low fat content, measuring 1% fat and 50% protein.

Production
To make Gamalost, lactic starter is added to skimmed cow's milk, causing it to sour.  After several days of souring, the milk is slowly heated, before the curds are separated and pressed into forms.  After removal from the forms, mold is introduced onto the surface of the cheese, either by exposure to the wooden walls of the form that is only used for Gamalost, or rubbed on by hand in the traditional method.  The cheese is then allowed to cure for four to five weeks. The ripening happens from outside inwards, so the center might be lighter than the parts near the exterior.

Gamalost production is very labor-intensive, particularly if traditional methods are used. Everything depends on the proper fermentation and maturation. It is not made in sufficient quantity for mass export.  As such, it is rare to find the cheese outside Norway. Commercial production has principally been limited to the Tine facility in Vik.

Gamalost Festival
Gamalost Festival (Gamalostfestivalen) is an annual event held in Vik in Sogn at the beginning of summer every year.

See also
 List of cheeses

References

Other sources

Related reading
Diehl, Kari Schoening (2012) The Everything Nordic Cookbook (Quarto - Everything Books) 
Scott, Astrid Karlsen  (2015) Authentic Norwegian Cooking: Traditional Scandinavian Cooking Made Easy (Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.)

External links

TINE in Norway
Synnøve Finden
Gamalostfestivalen

Norwegian cheeses
Dairy products
Blue cheeses
Cow's-milk cheeses
Acid-set cheeses
Südlohn

Südlohn is a municipality in the district of Borken in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located right at the border with the Netherlands, approx. 10 km east of Winterswijk. It consists of the villages Südlohn and Oeding.

References

Borken (district)
Battles in the North

Battles in the North is the third studio album by Norwegian black metal band Immortal. It was released on May 15, 1995 through Osmose Productions. It picks up where its predecessor, Pure Holocaust, left off, featuring extreme tempos, low-fidelity production, and lyrics about coldness or wintery landscapes. This is the first album where the concept of Blashyrkh becomes a central focus. It is the last album to feature Abbath on drums.

Background 
The songs "Cursed Realms of the Winterdemons" and "Circling Above in Time Before Time" reference The Underdark, a setting from Dungeons & Dragons.

Music videos were made for "Blashyrkh (Mighty Ravendark)" and "Grim and Frostbitten Kingdoms", the latter featuring Hellhammer on drums, who also became the band's touring drummer during this period.

Release 
The album was issued in multiple formats, including the standard CD, a limited edition digipak, a limited edition digipak with embossed band logo and album title, cassette tape, a jewel case with slip cover, fold-out poster and bonus tracks taken from the Immortal EP (limited to 3000 copies), and a limited edition LP released under Osmose Productions (re-pressed six times over the years starting in 2005). The artwork on the limited slip cover CD is an original oil painting done by Jeroen van Valkenburg.

Reception 

In 2009, IGN included Battles in the North in their "10 Great Black Metal Albums" list.

Track listing

Misprint
On some editions of this album, most notably on iTunes, many tracks are mislabelled. The songs play in the order shown above, but the song titles are given as follows:

 "Battles in the North"
 "At the Stormy Gates of Mist"
 "Through the Halls of Eternity"
 "Moonrise Fields of Sorrow"
 "Cursed Realms of the Winterdemons"
 "Throned by Blackstorms"
 "Grim and Frostbitten Kingdoms"
 "Descent into Eminent Silence"
 "Circling Above in Time Before Time"
 "Blashyrkh (Mighty Ravendark)"

Personnel 
 Abbath – vocals, drums, bass guitar, production
 Demonaz – guitar, production
 Eirik Hundvin – production

References 

Immortal (band) albums
1995 albums
Osmose Productions albums