alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Requiem of Reconciliation

The Requiem of Reconciliation was a collaborative work written to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the end of World War II. It sets the Catholic mass for the dead in fourteen sections, each written by a different composer from a country involved in the war. It was commissioned by the Internationale Bachakademie Stuttgart in Stuttgart, Germany, and first performed by the Gächinger Kantorei, the Kraków Chamber Choir and the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Helmuth Rilling. A two-CD set documenting this performance was released in 1995.

Sections of the work
 Prolog: Hör (by Luciano Berio, Italy)
 Introitus and Kyrie (by Friedrich Cerha, Austria)
 Dies irae (by Paul-Heinz Dittrich, Germany)
 Judex ergo (by Marek Kopelent, Czech Republic)
 Juste judex (by John Harbison, US)
 Confutatis (by Arne Nordheim, Norway)
 Interludium (by Bernard Rands, UK/US)
 Offertorium (by Marc-André Dalbavie, France)
 Sanctus (by Judith Weir, UK)
 Agnus Dei (by Krzysztof Penderecki, Poland)
 Communio I (by Wolfgang Rihm, Germany)
 Communio II: Lux aeterna (by Alfred Schnittke, Russia, left incomplete due to illness and completed by Gennadi Rozhdestvensky)
 Responsorium (by Joji Yuasa, Japan)
 Epilog: Inscription on a Grave in Cornwall (by György Kurtág, Hungary)

References

1995 compositions
Requiem Masses
Collaborations in classical music
Compositions by Luciano Berio

Compositions by Marc-André Dalbavie

Compositions by John Harbison

Compositions by György Kurtág

Compositions by Judith Weir
Compositions by Krzysztof Penderecki

Compositions by Alfred Schnittke
Bazar

Bazar may refer to:

 Bazar, Afghanistan
 Bazar, Azerbaijan
 Bazar, Mardan, Pakistan
 Bazar, Ukraine

In Iran
 Bazar, East Azerbaijan
 Bazar, Gilan
 Bazareh-ye Qarnas, North Khorasan Province
 Bazargah, Qazvin, Qazvin Province
 Bazar, South Khorasan

In Poland
 Bazar, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
 Bazar, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
 Bazar, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)

See also 
Bazaar (disambiguation)
Ladybank railway station

Ladybank railway station serves the town of Ladybank in Fife, Scotland.

History 
The station was opened in 1847 by the Edinburgh and Northern Railway on their line from , being the point at which the line divided into two branches to  and Lindores.   The latter branch was subsequently extended to Hilton Junction, near Perth the following year. On 8 June 1857, the Fife and Kinross Railway opened, providing a link to Kinross. This line was closed to passengers on 5 June 1950, with the line between Auchtermuchty and Ladybank closing to freight on 29 January 1957.

Passenger trains were also withdrawn on the Perth branch (as far as ) on 19 September 1955 by the British Transport Commission, the route having been reduced to single track (with a loop at ) by the London and North Eastern Railway in 1933.  The line was retained for freight traffic and was subsequently reopened to passengers in 1975 to provide a shorter route between Perth & Edinburgh than that via Stirling (the direct route from  via Kinross having been closed in 1970 to free up part of the alignment for the planned M90 motorway).

Facilities
The station has a ticket office on platform 2, but this is only staffed on a limited basis (mornings only, Mondays to Saturdays).  At other times tickets must be purchased on board the train.  The main building on platform 1 is now used as an art studio.  Standard shelters are available on both platforms, along with a waiting room on platform 1. Train running information is provided via CIS displays, automatic announcements and customer help points.  The station subway has steps and is not therefore accessible to wheelchair or mobility-impaired users, but there are step-free access routes to each side via public roads. All trains on the route to and from Perth use platform 1 in both directions, so this should be taken into account if changing trains here.

Services 
In the current (summer 2017) timetable, the station is served by two trains per hour to/from Edinburgh - one of these is the hourly semi-fast service to  and the other runs to Perth.  The single track nature of this line limits the frequency of services possible to and from Perth, though track upgrades & replacement work has improved matters somewhat by reducing the end-to-end journey time between here and Hilton Junction.  A few Perth trains continue north along the Highland Main Line to .  On Sundays, most trains run between Edinburgh & Perth, though a few Aberdeen services call in the morning & evening.
Ladybank Junction is signalled from Edinburgh IECC.

As of 21 May 2023, CrossCountry operate one northbound train per day to Aberdeen and one southbound train a day to Penzance on weekdays. On Sundays, the northbound service terminates at Dundee and the southbound train terminates at Plymouth.

References

Notes

Sources
 
 
 

Railway stations in Fife
Former North British Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1847
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Listed railway stations in Scotland
Category B listed buildings in Fife
1847 establishments in Scotland
Ladybank
The Zone (2003 film)

The Zone is a 2003 Swedish short film directed by photographer Esaias Baitel. Baitel lived in the Paris suburb of Aubervilliers during the 1970s and, in this short film, he documents what was later to become neo-Nazism.

See also
 The Unnamed Zone

References

External links
 

2003 short documentary films
Swedish short documentary films
Neo-Nazism in France
Films about neo-Nazism
Documentary films about racism
Documentary films about Paris
Seine-Saint-Denis
2000s Swedish films
A Very Special Christmas Live

A Very Special Christmas Live is the fourth in the A Very Special Christmas series of Christmas music-themed compilation albums produced to benefit the Special Olympics. The album was recorded live in Washington, D.C. in December 1998 at a benefit party held by then-President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Clinton to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Special Olympics. It was released on 19 October 1999, and production was overseen by Bobby Shriver for A&M Records. It peaked at #100 on December 1999 Billboard album chart.

Track listing

Personnel
 Bobby Bandiera – electric guitar, backing vocals
 Tim Cappello – alto and tenor saxophones
 Tracy Chapman – acoustic guitar on "O Holy Night", electric guitar on "Give Me One Reason"
 Eric Clapton - electric guitar on "Christmas Blues", "Christmas Tears", "Give Me One Reason", "Merry Christmas Baby" and "Santa Claus Is Coming To Town"
 Michael Mancini – keyboards
 Ed Manion – baritone saxophone
 Rob Mathes – backing vocals, bass guitar on "What Child Is This?" and "Give Me One Reason"
 Shawn Pelton – drums, percussion
 Leon Pendarvis – keyboards, backing vocals
 John Popper – harmonica on "Christmas Blues" and "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town"
 Richie "La Bamba" Rosenberg – trombone, backing vocals
 Tim Smith – electric guitar on "Merry Christmas Baby", backing vocals
 Mike Spengler – trumpet
 Andy Stoller – backing vocals, bass guitar on "O Holy Night"
 Sue Williams – bass guitar

External links
A Very Special Christmas Live at Amazon.com

1999 Christmas albums
1999 live albums
Live Christmas albums
A&M Records live albums
Interscope Records live albums
A Very Special Christmas
Nova Aurora

Nova Aurora may refer to two municipalities in Brazil:

Nova Aurora, Goiás
Nova Aurora, Paraná
Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge

The Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge is a designation for nine Michigan islands in the North American Great Lakes.  Owned by the United States federal government, they were set aside for ecosystem protection purposes by President Franklin D. Roosevelt 1943.

Charity, Little Charity, Scarecrow, Crooked, and Sugar islands form the Lake Huron division of the refuge.  Gull, Hat, Pismire, and Shoe islands, which are part of the Beaver Island archipelago, form the Lake Michigan division.

No single one of them is large enough to rate a full-time site staff from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and they are widely separated from each other in two separate Great Lakes.  In an unusual administrative decision, the Fish and Wildlife Service, , has divided up management responsibilities over the Michigan Islands NWR between two larger, full-time-staffed wildlife refuges.  The four Lake Huron islands are managed as if they were part of the Shiawasee National Wildlife Refuge, based in Saginaw, Michigan, and the four Lake Michigan islands are managed as if they were part of the Seney National Wildlife Refuge, based in Seney, Michigan. Scarecrow and Thunder Bay islands were also designated part of the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary.

The Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge islands were set aside as resting places for migratory birds flying over the Great Lakes, but have drawn increased attention in the following decades for their Great Lakes ecosystem plant life, including the Dwarf Lake Iris, the state wildflower of Michigan, and Pitcher's thistle, both classified as threatened species within the United States.

There are automated lighthouses on Charity and Thunder Bay Islands.

Michigan Islands Wilderness Area
Pismire, Scarecrow, and Shoe islands were designated as wilderness in 1970.  The three islands make up the Michigan Islands Wilderness Area.

References

External links
Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge

Protected areas of Alpena County, Michigan
Protected areas of Arenac County, Michigan
Protected areas of Charlevoix County, Michigan
Islands of Michigan
National Wildlife Refuges in Michigan
Protected areas established in 1943
Islands of Alpena County, Michigan
Islands of Arenac County, Michigan
Islands of Charlevoix County, Michigan
Chestnut-headed oropendola

The chestnut-headed oropendola (Psarocolius wagleri) is a New World tropical icterid bird. The scientific name of the species commemorates Johann Georg Wagler, who established Psarocolius, the oropendola genus.

Description
The male is  long and weighs ; the smaller female is  long and weighs . The wings are very long. Adult males are mainly black with a chestnut head and rump and a tail which is bright yellow apart from two dark central feathers. The iris is blue and the long bill is whitish. Females are similar, but smaller and duller than males. Young birds are duller than adults and have brown eyes. The populations south of an area around the border of Honduras and Nicaragua are sometimes separated as a subspecies P. w. ridgwayi, but the separation of this form has been questioned.

The distinctive songs of the male include a gurgle followed by a crash guu-guu-PHRRRRTTT. Both sexes have loud chek and chuk calls.

Range and ecology
It is a resident breeder in the Caribbean coastal lowlands from southern Mexico to central Costa Rica, both slopes of southern Costa Rica and Panama, and the Pacific lowlands of Colombia and north-eastern Ecuador. Though it usually stays below  ASL, it has also been recorded as much as  ASL, for example in the Serranía de las Quinchas of Colombia. It may in be more common at such high altitudes at particular times or in particular places, but its altitudinal movements are insufficiently understood. The species is common across its large range and is not considered threatened by the IUCN.

The chestnut-headed oropendola inhabits forest canopy, edges and old plantations. It is a quite common bird in parts of its range, seen in small flocks foraging in trees for large insects, fruit and berries.

It is a colonial breeder which builds a hanging woven nest of fibres and vines,  long, high in a tree. There may be 40–50 females and only 4–5 males in a colony. The female lays two dark-marked pale blue eggs which hatch in 17 days and fledge in 30. Botflies (Oestridae) are the main cause of nestling mortality, but brood parasitism by giant cowbirds (Molothrus oryzivorus) also occurs, and the young cowbirds will feed on the fly larvae.

Footnotes

References

External links

 
 
 
 

chestnut-headed oropendola
Birds of Central America
Birds of the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena
chestnut-headed oropendola
chestnut-headed oropendola
Raj Bhavan, Lucknow

Raj Bhavan  (translation: Governor House) is the official residence of the governor of Uttar Pradesh. It is located in the capital city of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

The Raj Bhavan of Uttar Pradesh in Lucknow is over 200 years old.

History
Raj Bhavan used to be  Kothi Hayat Baksh (Hindi: कोठी हयात बकश, Urdu: کوٹھی حیات بکش).  Major General Claude Martin drew the layout of this building.

In the year 1798, after Nawab Asaf-ud-daula died, the East India Company made Sadaat Ali Khan the new ruler.  The new ruler liked buildings built up in European style by Major General Claude Martin.  As per his wishes the contract for construction of the Kothi was undertaken by Major General Claude Martin.

Major General Claude Martin made the Kothi his residence and he used this building for his safety guards and also for the safety of his armory.

Before India's independence Kothi Hayat Baksh was declared the Government House, the official residence of the Governor of United Provinces from 1921 to 1947.

After independence its name was changed to Raj Bhavan

Building
The two storied palatial building of Lucknow city was constructed in the eastern side of the city surrounded by greenery. Hayat Baksh means, life giving.  The buildings constructed under influence of East India Company were different from traditional Indian style of architecture and these buildings were called Kothis.  In Indian style of architecture, it was essential to have courtyard in the house, for which no provision has been made in Kothis.  Kothis normally were two storied, with long straight plain wall without any design.  The only place for artistic work were the doors and windows, decorated in the Gothic style.

Kothi Hayat Baksh is an airy palatial building with all four sides surrounded with high roofed varandas. Only Raj darbar inside the Kothi is made as per Indian art and sculpture, whereas remaining portion of the Bhavan is completely influenced by western style.  The mehrab of Dewan khanas are decorated with flower strips and are painted beautifully with golden colour.

In 1873 under the direction of Sir George Cooper beautiful lawns, fountains and also beautiful sitting rooms were attached

In 1907, one portion of this Kothi was demolished and a ballroom was also added. The ballroom is now a dining hall.

See also
 Government Houses of the British Indian Empire

References

External links
Governor of Uttar Pradesh

Governors' houses in India
British colonial architecture in India
Government buildings in Uttar Pradesh
Buildings and structures in Lucknow

hi:आगरा और अवध का संयुक्त प्रान्त
Roy Megarry

Archibald Roy Megarry  (born February 10, 1937) is a Canadian businessman. He was the publisher and CEO of The Globe and Mail from 1978 to 1992. He was interim publisher from November 1993 to May 1994.

Born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, he received a Certified Management Accountant degree. He was a Controller for Honeywell Canada from 1957 to 1962. He worked for Daystrom (Heathkit) Ltd. from 1962 to 1964, before becoming a Senior Consultant for Coopers & Lybrand from 1964 to 1968. In 1968, he became a Vice President Finance for International Syscoms Ltd. and from 1972 to 1978, was a Vice President, Corporate Development for Torstar. In 1978, he was appointed publisher and CEO of The Globe and Mail. He later became Chairman.

Later, he helped develop the CARE Canada "Tools for Development" program, which sends used industrial equipment to small-scale entrepreneurs in Latin America.

In 1993, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.

References

External links
 

1937 births
Living people
The Globe and Mail people
Northern Ireland emigrants to Canada
Officers of the Order of Canada
Businesspeople from Belfast
Canadian newspaper executives
Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent
Canadian accountants
Corkerhill railway station

Corkerhill railway station serves the Corkerhill and Mosspark neighbourhoods of Glasgow, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and lies on the Paisley Canal Line, 3¼ miles (5 km) west of .

The station was originally a staff halt on the Glasgow and South Western Railway, with a small network of houses having been built for workers at the Corkerhill Carriage Servicing Maintenance Depot (opened 1896); eventually the isolated village was swallowed up by the expanding Glasgow urban area with the construction of the Mosspark, Cardonald and Pollok estates. The station was opened to the public in 1923 and was rebuilt by British Railways in 1954.

Services

1967 to 1983 
Following the closure of the line to Greenock Princes Pier, the basic service was an hourly service to . Some peak hour services to/from Paisley Canal and the Ayrshire Coast were also provided.

From 1990 
Since the reopening of the line by British Rail in 1990 services have been half-hourly eastbound to Glasgow Central and westbound to , Monday to Saturdays. Currently (2016) there is an hourly service in each direction on Sundays.

References

Sources 
 
 

Railway stations in Glasgow
SPT railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1896
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1924
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1983
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1990
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Former Glasgow and South Western Railway stations
I, Pencil

I, Pencil: My Family Tree as Told to Leonard E. Read, commonly known as I, Pencil, is an essay by Leonard Read and it was first published in the December 1958 issue of The Freeman.

"I, Pencil" is written in the first person from the point of view of a pencil. The pencil details the complexity of its own creation, listing its components (cedar, lacquer, graphite, ferrule, factice, pumice, wax, glue) and the numerous people involved, down to the sweeper in the factory and the lighthouse keeper guiding the shipment into port.

It was reprinted in The Freeman in May 1996 and as a pamphlet entitled "I... Pencil" in May 1998. In the reprint, Milton Friedman wrote the introduction and Donald J. Boudreaux wrote the afterword. Friedman (the 1976 winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics) used the essay in his 1980 PBS television show Free to Choose and the accompanying book of the same name. In the 2008 50th Anniversary Edition, the introduction is written by Lawrence W. Reed and Friedman wrote the afterword.

References

External links
 I, Pencil, first edition version (1964), provided by Mises Institute
 Free to Choose: Power of the Market – The Pencil, PBS television show episode with Milton Friedman

Economics articles
1958 essays
Pencils
Works originally published in The Freeman
Libertarian publications
173P/Mueller

173P/Mueller, also known as Mueller 5, is a periodic comet in the Solar System.

References

External links 
 Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
 173P on Seiichi Yoshida's comet list

Periodic comets
0173
173P
Mosspark railway station

Mosspark railway station serves the Pollok and Cardonald areas of Glasgow, Scotland. The station is on the Paisley Canal Line, 3¾ miles (6 km) west of  and is managed by ScotRail.

The Mosspark district after which it is named is more closely served by Corkerhill railway station.

History 
The station was opened as Mosspark West by the LMS on 1 March 1934. There was however no Mosspark East. British Rail renamed the station Mosspark on 6 May 1974. On 10 January 1983, the station was closed to passengers, although the line was retained for freight services. The station reopened as part of the reinstatement of passenger services to  on 28 July 1990.

Services 

Currently the service pattern Mondays-Saturdays is:

 2tph to Glasgow Central
 2tph to Paisley  Canal

There is one train per hour in each direction on Sundays.

References

Notes

Sources 

 
 
 

Railway stations in Glasgow
SPT railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1983
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1990
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1934
Former London, Midland and Scottish Railway stations
PAN truncation

PAN truncation is an anti-fraud measure available on some credit-card-processing point of sale (POS) terminals as part of a merchant account service.

"PAN" is an acronym for primary account number, i.e., the "card number" on either a debit or a credit card. PAN truncation simply replaces the card number printed on a customer receipt with a printout of only the last four digits, the remainder being replaced usually by asterisks. This hides the card number from anyone who obtains the receipt when discarded, or by other means, while still allowing a card holder with multiple cards to identify which was used, and thus accurately record the transaction.

PAN truncation is a measure to combat payment card fraud, which is increasing worldwide, particularly in a global market where "card not present" (CNP) transactions are increasingly popular over the Internet, by mail, and by telephone.

See also 
 Tokenization (data security)

Notes

References 

 

Fraud
Payment systems
Crookston railway station

Crookston railway station is a railway station in Crookston, a district of Glasgow, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and lies on the Paisley Canal Line which was reopened by British Rail, 4 miles (7 km) west of Glasgow Central.

History 
The station was opened by the Glasgow and South Western Railway on 1 July 1885. It was temporarily closed due to the First World War on 1 January 1917 reopening in 1919. Following review of the finances of operations of railway services operated by Strathclyde Passenger Transport Executive, funding for the line was withdrawn resulting in the closure of the station on 10 January 1983.
The station reopened on 28 July 1990 at the same time as the Paisley Canal Line reopened by British Rail. The station buildings are now protected as a category B listed building.

Services 
Monday to Saturdays there is a half-hourly service eastbound to Glasgow Central and westbound to .

On Sundays, an hourly service operates in each direction.

References

Notes

Sources 
 
 
 
 

Railway stations in Glasgow
SPT railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1885
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1917
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1919
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1983
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1990
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Former Glasgow and South Western Railway stations
Category B listed buildings in Glasgow
Listed railway stations in Scotland
1885 establishments in Scotland
Fosi (disambiguation)

Fosi is a Germanic tribe.

Fosi or FOSI may also refer to:

People 
 Polataivao Fosi Schmidt (1933–2005), boxer and Minister of Labor for Samoa
 Fosi Pala'amo (born 1976), New Zealand professional rugby player of Samoan descent

Other uses 
 FOSI, Forum Sedimentologiwan Indonesia, Indonesian sedimentologists' forum
 Formatting Output Specification Instance, a stylesheet language for SGML and XML
 Family Online Safety Institute, an international nonprofit organization
 Friends of Stradbroke Island an environmental lobby group on North Stradbroke Island in Queensland, Australia
Hawkhead railway station

Hawkhead railway station is a railway station in the Seedhill area of Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and lies on the Paisley Canal Line, 6½ miles (10 km) west of .

History 
The station opened on 1 May 1894 and was closed on 1 January 1917. It was reopened in 1919 and was closed to passengers on 14 February 1966.

A newly built station opened on 12 April 1991 following the resumption of train services on the Paisley Canal Line, in 1990 by British Rail.

Services 

Monday to Saturdays there is a half-hourly service westbound to  and eastbound to Glasgow Central.

On Sundays, an hourly service operates to both Paisley Canal and Glasgow Central,

References

Notes

External links
Video footage of Hawkhead Station and old Oil Depot

Sources 
 
 
 

Railway stations in Renfrewshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1894
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1917
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1919
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1966
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1991
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Former Glasgow and South Western Railway stations
Beeching closures in Scotland
SPT railway stations
Transport in Paisley, Renfrewshire
1894 establishments in Scotland
Buildings and structures in Paisley, Renfrewshire
1919 establishments in Scotland
1991 establishments in Scotland
1917 disestablishments in Scotland
1966 disestablishments in Scotland
Paisley Canal railway station

Paisley Canal railway station is a railway station in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and lies on the Paisley Canal Line.

History 

The original station was opened on 1 July 1885 by the Glasgow and South Western Railway, situated on a loop line to Elderslie Junction due to congestion on the line through . Following closure of the Dalry and North Johnstone Line and the Greenock Princess Pier Line in 1966, local services through Paisley Canal continued through to , with the occasional boat train to . In the latter years the Kilmacolm service finished at 7pm. At some point the station buildings were taken out of use and an over-line booking office was built at the Causeyside Street end of the platforms.

The station closed to passengers on 10 January 1983, however seven years later a new train service was commenced on 28 July 1990. As the original station site had been sold and the platforms filled in, a new platform to the east of the Causeyside Street overbridge was constructed within the railway cutting.

Services 

Monday to Saturdays there is a half-hourly service eastbound to .

On Sundays, an hourly service operates.

Rolling Stock 

Since the withdrawal of the last Class 314 EMUs in December 2019 (these having formed most of the trains on the Paisley Canal branch since its electrification in 2012), the majority of services at this station have been worked by Abellio ScotRail (ScotRail since 2022) Class 380s or Class 320s although occasionally Class 318 or Class 385 sets have appeared.

References

Notes

Sources

External links
YouTube video of Paisley Canal station
YouTube video of the Old Paisley Canal Station

Railway stations in Renfrewshire
SPT railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1885
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1983
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1990
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Former Glasgow and South Western Railway stations
Buildings and structures in Paisley, Renfrewshire
Transport in Paisley, Renfrewshire
1885 establishments in Scotland
1990 establishments in Scotland
1983 disestablishments in Scotland
Springfield railway station (Scotland)

Springfield railway station serves the village of Springfield in Fife, Scotland. The station has two platforms and is unstaffed. Services are operated by ScotRail.

History 
The station was opened in 1847 by the Edinburgh and Northern Railway and was likely designed by David Bell, an architect who worked on the railway and is credited with the design of other stations in the area.

To the west of the station, the Cults and Pitlessie Lime Works industrial spur line met the mainline at Cults siding, allowing access to the Cults and Pitlessie Lime Works and Pitlessie Maltings to the south. In 1947 this line was closed. Remnants of the railway, including a number of bridges, can be found on the Crawford Priory Estate.

Services 
Only a few trains are scheduled to stop at Springfield station. On Mondays to Saturdays - in the May 2021 timetable, 3 northbound and 2 southbound trains call. 

There is no Sunday service.

Routes

References

Sources

External links 

 Train Times and Station Information for Springfield railway station from National Rail.  
 Springfield railway station on RAILSCOT. 
 Springfield railway station (100780) on Canmore.

Railway stations in Fife
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1847
Former North British Railway stations
1847 establishments in Scotland
Regar

The Regar (also known as Raigar, Rehgar, Raigarh,  Ranigar, Rehgarh) are a caste group of India. They are sometimes associated with the Chamar caste but, for example, the sociologist Bela Bhatia considers them to be distinct. The Regar are found in  the states of Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan. They are known as Regar in the Mewar region of Rajasthan.

Once leatherworkers, at the beginning of the 20th century, the British Raj administration imposed restrictions on the indigenous manufacturing of saltpetre which destroyed their livelihood. At least some community members served as bonded labour (begari) during the British Raj era. Many today work in agriculture.

They have been described as an untouchable caste by anthropologist Maya Unnithan-Kumar and as Dalits by another anthropologist, Mary Grey, and by Bhatia.<ref name="Bhatia"</ref>

References

Notes

Citations

Social groups of Rajasthan
Social groups of Gujarat
Laboratory for Automation Psychology

The Laboratory for Automation Psychology (LAP) (also Laboratory for Automation Psychology and Decision Processes or LAPDP) was founded in 1983 by Kent Norman and Nancy Anderson as an affiliate of the University of Maryland Human–Computer Interaction Lab at the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS).

It was housed in the University of Maryland, College Park's Department of Psychology and was devoted to the study of the cognitive side of the human/computer interface with an emphasis on the processes of judgment and decision making.  Research has covered a wide range of topics from menu selection to direct manipulation and from user satisfaction to computer rage. Around 2006, research focus changed to psychological aspects of video games including factors of attraction and immersion, violent acts in video games, and skill sets required by different genre of video games.

Facilities included usability testing stations with dual monitor computers and video cameras as well as web servers hosting experimental materials and providing data collection.

The full range of video game consoles were added including the Sony PlayStation, Nintendo Wii, and Xbox.

Research in the LAP has been supported by corporations such as AT&T, Sperry, and IBM and by U.S. federal agencies such as NASA, NSF, NRL, and the U.S. Census Bureau.

External links
UMD Department of Psychology
Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory at UMD

University of Maryland, College Park research centers
University and college laboratories in the United States
Canadian Peace Alliance

The Canadian Peace Alliance / L'Alliance canadienne pour la paix (CPA/ACP) was a Canadian umbrella peace organization claiming more than 140 member groups. It was founded in 1985 but became inactive in 2017.

The Canadian Peace Alliance organized cross-Canada campaigns and actions; arranged political lobbying sessions between member groups and key political leaders in Ottawa; facilitated the development of strategies for the Canadian peace movement; and produced and distributed education and action materials.

The Canadian Peace Alliance's policy and campaign direction was determined by a bi-annual convention of member groups and by a geographically representative Steering Committee.

The Canadian Peace Alliance worked closely with the Canadian Labour Congress.

See also
Ceasefire Canada
Canadian Peace Congress
 List of anti-war organizations
 List of peace activists

External links 
The Canadian Peace Alliance / L'Alliance canadienne pour la paix
Ottawa Citizen story on Cairo Anti-war Conference
Canadian Peace Alliance - Canadian Political Parties and Political Interest Groups - Web Archive created by University of Toronto Libraries

Peace organizations based in Canada
Rural Municipality of Dufferin No. 190

The Rural Municipality of Dufferin No. 190 (2016 population: ) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 6 and  Division No. 2. It is located in the south-central portion of the province.

History 
The RM of Dufferin No. 190 incorporated as a rural municipality on December 9, 1912.

Geography

Communities and localities 
The following urban municipalities are surrounded by the RM.

Villages
Bethune
Findlater

The following unincorporated communities are within the RM.

Localities
North Grove

Demographics 

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the RM of Dufferin No. 190 had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the RM of Dufferin No. 190 recorded a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a  change from its 2011 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

Government 
The RM of Dufferin No. 190 is governed by an elected municipal council and an appointed administrator that meets on the second Wednesday of every month. The reeve of the RM is Russ Kirzinger while its administrator is Rodney Audette. The RM's office is located in Bethune.

References 

D

Division No. 6, Saskatchewan
Ozone monitor

An ozone monitor is electronic equipment that monitors for ozone concentrations in the air. The instrument may be used to monitor ozone values for industrial applications or to determine the amount of ambient ozone at ground level and determine whether these values violate National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

The ozone molecule absorbs ultraviolet radiation, and most ozone monitors utilized in regulatory applications use ultraviolet absorption to accurately quantify ozone levels. An ozone monitor of this type operates by pulling an air sample from the atmosphere into the machine with an air pump.  During one cycle, the ozone monitor will take one air sample through the air inlet, and scrub the ozone from the air; for the next cycle, an air sample bypasses the scrubber and the ozone value calculated. The solenoid valve is electronically activated to shift the air flow either through the scrubber or to bypass it on a timed sequence. The difference between the two sampled values determines the actual ozone value at that time. The monitor may also have options to account for air pressure and air temperature to calculate the value of ozone.

The concentration of ozone is determined using the Beer-Lambert Law that basically says that the absorption of light is proportional to the concentration. For ozone, a 254 nanometer wavelength of light created by a mercury lamp is shined through a specific length of tubing with reflective mirrors. A photodiode at the other end of the tube detects the changes of brightness from the light.

The onboard electronics process the values obtained and display the value on the screen and can also output an electrical signal in volts  or a 4-20 mA current that can be read by an electronic data logger. Other options for output are RS232 serial port or ethernet or internal data storage on flash memory.

See also
Environmental science

References

Ozone
Measuring instruments
Perchman

The French perchman is equivalent to the U.S. boom operator in film production, also called the sound assistant or boomer, but differs regarding attributions. The perchman is the production sound mixer's assistant and is in charge of the microphone placement, typically using a light and telescopic pole also called a fish pole or boom. 

Thus, the perchman places and moves the microphone "in real time" in order to pick up the voices of each actor during filming. Being a perchman involves providing the best sound quality possible to the sound mixer while at the same time, not causing shadows or entering the camera frame. To accomplish this, the perchman works in collaboration with the camera operator and the cinematographer (who directs the camera movements and lights the scenes) and the gaffer. Other duties include the hiding of miniature wireless microphones (radio mics) on the actors, the placement of hidden auxiliary microphones, and the controlling of sound reflections by the use of furniture blankets and carpet. He readies the equipment at the beginning of each day and stores the gear when the day is "wrapped", or finished. The perchman manages the technical contingencies allowing the production sound mixer to concentrate on the artistic side of sound recording.

References

External links 
 perchman.com, L'Annuaire des perchmans du cinéma et de la télé
 cinergie.be, Le perchman dans les métiers du cinéma sur cinergie.be

Filmmaking occupations
Chevening, Kent

Chevening () is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It was the location for the world's earliest known organised cricket match.

The parish is located to the north west of Sevenoaks on the southern slopes of the North Downs. The parish is a small one, being  in length and  wide.  It had a population of 3,092 at the 2011 Census.  Apart from the village the remaining area is rural. Chevening House is located here. The Pilgrims' Way crosses the parish.  Close to Chevening, the path of Harold Godwinson's army en route to the Battle of Hastings in 1066, heading south along what is now Chipstead Lane, crosses William the Conqueror's route after the battle towards London along the Pilgrim's Way.

The village of Chevening is also small. It stands on the upper reaches of the River Darent. The village lies very close to the M25 motorway.

Parish Church
The parish church is dedicated to St Botolph. It is within the diocese of Rochester, and the deanery of Shoreham. The church has an albaster tomb to the lord of the manor, Sampson Lennard, and his wife Margaret, Lady Dacre. The church office, parish hall and rectory are located 1.3 miles distant from the parish church, on the outskirts of the village of Chipstead.

The Stanhope Chapel in the parish church of St Botolph is the traditional burial place of the Earls Stanhope.

The church is linked with Chevening (St Botolph's) Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School, which is located 1 mile from the church, also in the village of Chipstead.

Cricket
Chevening was the venue for the world's earliest known organised cricket match. The match can be deduced from a 1640 court case recording a "cricketing" of "Weald and Upland" against "Chalkhill" at Chevening "about thirty years since" (i.e. around 1611). The case concerned the land on which the game was played.

Railway
Chevening was served by a halt on the Westerham Valley Branch Line running between Westerham and Dunton Green: the branch opened in 1881 but the halt at Chevening was not added until 1906 when steam railmotor services began on the line. Both line and halt closed in 1961.

References

External links
 Location map and historical notes
 Chevening Parish Council website
 Chevening parish news

1611 establishments in England
Civil parishes in Kent
Cricket grounds in Kent
Cricket in Kent
Defunct cricket grounds in England
Defunct sports venues in Kent
English cricket in the 14th to 17th centuries
History of Kent
Villages in Kent
Snuff Box (TV series)

Snuff Box (sometimes referred to as Berry & Fulcher's Snuff Box) is a British dark sitcom set in London. Starring and written by Matt Berry and Rich Fulcher with additional material by Nick Gargano, it aired on BBC Three in 2006. The series was directed by Brass Eye director Michael Cumming who later directed Berry's Toast of London.

Starring as fictionalized versions of themselves, Berry plays a hangman ("High Executioner to the King of England"), and Fulcher his assistant. The majority of the programme is set in a "gentlemen's club for hangmen", although the show is also interspersed with sequences of sketches, often featuring different characters. The show is set in "no particular time" with deliberately anachronistic sets.

Background  
Berry and Fulcher met whilst working together on another BBC Three comedy, The Mighty Boosh. Snuff Box was originally titled Berry & Fulcher's Comedy Bronze.

The show was produced by Channel X Productions, who had previously produced the animated series Popetown for BBC Three in 2005. Popetown had been met with international controversy prior to its broadcast, so was never aired by BBC Three. According to Berry, this led to the commissioning of Snuff Box, as BBC Three owed Channel X Productions a favour. In addition, BBC Three was looking for a new sketch show to replace Little Britain, which had been moved to BBC One for its final series.

Reception  
The Guardian described the show as "fantastically dark and cynical".

DVD release  
The DVD was released on 16 June 2008.

On 11 October 2011, Severin Films released the series on DVD with a bonus CD of music and other exclusive extra features in the North American market.

Episodes
This list is ordered by the original air dates on BBC Three in the United Kingdom.

Music
The Snuff Box theme is used repeatedly throughout the series. Matt Berry composed the music, both themes and incidental. He sang most of the vocal parts and played most of the instruments. He recorded the theme tune in his flat. English composer Tony Hatch advised Berry on the brass sections.

The film Dredd featured the Snuff Box theme in a few scenes.

References

External links

2006 British television series debuts
2006 British television series endings
2000s British black comedy television series
2000s British comedy television series
BBC black comedy television shows
English-language television shows
Television shows set in London
Juliana Carneiro da Cunha

Juliana Carneiro da Cunha (born January 19, 1949) is a French-Brazilian actress and dancer. She has worked at the Théâtre du Soleil in Paris since 1990.

Biography
In Europe, Juliana Carneiro da Cunha worked with Maurice Béjart, Maguy Marin and Ariane Mnouchkine. Since 1990, she is part of the Théâtre du Soleil group, directed by Ariane Mnouchkine, with whom she developed a lasting relationship.

She was recognized in Brazilian cinema for her award-winning performance in the film To the Left of the Father (2001), directed by Luiz Fernando Carvalho, in which she plays the mother of André (Selton Mello), the prodigal son who returns to the house and finally shakes the foundations of the family of Lebanese origin. Her most recent cinematographic work is The Venom of the Madrugada (2004), directed by Ruy Guerra, where she works alongside Leonardo Medeiros, with whom she also worked in Lavoura Arcaica.

Carneiro da Cunha has also recently appeared in Brazilian television in the mini-series Hoje é dia de Maria (2005), also directed by Luiz Fernando Carvalho.

She is the cousin of the actors Mateus Solano, Gabriela Carneiro da Cunha and Beatriz Carneiro da Cunha.

Theater
Her career as an actress began on a Brazilian theater stage and includes works such as As Lágrimas Amargas de Petra von Kant (English title: Petra von Kant's Bitter Tears), featuring Fernanda Montenegro, in 1982, and Mão na Luva (English title: Hand in the Glove), featuring Marco Nanini, in 1984.

Television
Her last TV project was Hoje é dia de Maria (English title: Today is Mary's day), a short TV series that focuses on the Brazilian magical folklore, directed by Luiz Fernando Carvalho.

Movies
She plays the dedicated mother in Lavoura Arcaica (To the left of the father) (2001), directed by Luiz Fernando Carvalho, based on the novel by Raduan Nassar. Her most recent movie is O Veneno da Madrugada (2004), directed by Ruy Guerra, based on the novel by Gabriel García Márquez.

References

1949 births
Living people
Actresses from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Brazilian people of Portuguese descent
Brazilian film actresses
Brazilian stage actresses
Brazilian telenovela actresses
Brazilian expatriates in France
French people of Brazilian descent
20th-century Brazilian actresses
21st-century Brazilian actresses
André Thomkins

André Thomkins (Lucerne, 11 August 1930 - Berlin, 8 November 1985) was a Swiss painter, illustrator, and poet. From 1952, he lived in Germany and taught at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf between 1971 and 1973.

Thomkins painted and drew ironic and fantastic pictures influenced by surrealism and dadaism. Together with Dieter Roth and Daniel Spoerri he prepared works of Eat Art. He also was a writer of palindromes. He died in 1985.

20th-century Swiss painters
Swiss male painters
1930 births
1985 deaths
20th-century Swiss poets
Swiss contemporary artists
20th-century Swiss male artists
Stefan Krah

Stefan Krah is a German violinist who cracked one of the last three remaining World War II enigma codes on 4 March 2006.

References

External links
 Stefan Krah's M4 Project and the Story of U-264

German violinists
German male violinists
Recreational cryptographers
Living people
21st-century violinists
21st-century German male musicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Azienda Elettrica Ticinese

Azienda Elettrica Ticinese (AET) is an electricity wholesaler based in Bellinzona (Ticino, Switzerland). It's a commercial independent public body owned by the canton Ticino.

AET is a public company founded in 1958, which is active in the selling, production and transport of electricity in Switzerland and abroad. AET's institutional mandate is to guarantee the procurement of electricity for the Canton of Ticino at competitive prices. AET owns and operates a number of hydroelectric and solar generation assets. Furthermore, it owns 420 km of high-voltage grid and the 2014 revenue amounted to 1.1 billion Euro.

On the 31.12.2014 the AET group had 434 employees.

External links

http://www.aet.ch 
 Annual report 2014

Electric power companies of Switzerland
government-owned companies of Switzerland
Companies based in Bellinzona
Seedy Sunday

The heart of a Seedy Sunday or Seedy Saturday event is the swapping and sale of seeds of landraces, folk varieties, farmer varieties and heritage seed. Sharing information about the social, cultural and culinary aspects of the seed is an important part of heritage seed saving around the world. Providing education about techniques for seed-saving, small-scale agriculture and horticulture, and about local, national and international laws that affect public-domain crop plants can also be an important part of the event.

The titles Seedy Saturday and Seedy Sunday are dedicated to the public domain by the event founder Sharon Rempel. The first Seedy Saturday was held at VanDusen Botanical Garden in Vancouver, Canada, in 1990.

History
The idea of conserving heritage varieties of garden and field crops was in its infancy in Canada in 1989. It was very difficult to find heritage varieties of vegetables, fruits, flowers and grains. 

In 1988 Sharon Rempel wanted to find period-appropriate heritage vegetables, flowers and wheat for the 1880s heritage gardens she was creating at the Keremeos Grist Mill museum. The Abundant Life Seed Foundation in Washington state was her sole source that added the date of the variety with the seed listing. 

Rempel organized the first Seedy Saturday event. It was held at VanDusen Botanical Garden in Vancouver, Canada, in early 1990.

In Canada, Seedy Saturdays and Seed Sundays continue to be locally or regionally organized events. Almost all of these events occur in the late winter, with a few in the autumn. In 2012 there were more than 100 events held in Canada.

See also
Seed swap
Agricultural biodiversity
Agritourism
Crop diversity
Genetic diversity#Agricultural relevance

References

External links
 BBC Online news article on Seed Swap
 Seedy Sunday in Brighton & Hove (UK) website

Seed associations
Sustainable gardening