alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Alfred von Kropatschek

Alfred Ritter von Kropatschek (Bielitz, January 30, 1838 – Lovran, May 2, 1911) was a general in the Austrian Army and a weapons designer of the late 19th century, who was responsible for several rifle and revolver designs in affiliation with the Steyr Mannlicher; these weapons were used by the armed forces of the Austrian Empire and several other nations. His rifles feature a tubular magazine under the barrel similar to a Winchester rifle; the cartridge lifter was the key to the Kropatschek design. One of his designs was sold to the French Navy, and was later adapted by the French Army in the development of the prolific Lebel rifle, which served as France's front-line rifle from 1886 through the First World War. According to historian Roger A Pauly, some people joked that more bullets from Kropatschek-designed rifles were fired at the Austrians, than by them. Kropatschek's tubular magazine design was also adapted to the German Mauser Model 1871 rifle, resulting in the Model 71/84.

Kropatschek was a contemporary of Ferdinand Mannlicher in their affiliations with the Steyr munitions company, but they had competing designs. The Steyr Kropatschek rifles featured the tubular magazine and the Steyr Mannlicher rifles featured a box magazine. The limiting factors of the tubular magazines were: a risk of pointed tip bullets firing the primer of the next cartridge in the tube, decrease in magazine capacity in short weapons such as carbines (shorter tubes), a shift in the rifle's point of balance as the magazine is depleted, and lack of any significant firing speed advantage in prolonged engagements over single-shot weapons (since cartridges had to be loaded one by one in contrast to magazines designed to use clips). An advantage of the box magazine is quick reloading by inserting a full en bloc or  stripper clip.

Rifle and revolver designs

Austria-Hungary
Model 1881 Gendarmarie Carbine (also known as "M1874/81") 
1881 Type Trials Rifles

France
Model 1878 Navy rifle (Fusil de Marine Mle 1878), 
Model 1884 Infantry Rifle (Fusil d'Infanterie Mle 1884), 
Model 1885 Infantry Rifle (Fusil d'Infanterie Mle 1885).

Portugal
Model 1886 8 mm Infantry Rifle (Espingarda de Infantaria 8 mm m/1886), 
Model 1886/89 8 mm Infantry Rifle with heat protecting handguard for colonial use (Espingarda de Infantaria 8 mm m/1886/89), 
Model 1886 8 mm Light Infantry Carbine (Carabina de Caçadores 8 mm m/1886)
Model 1886 8 mm Cavalry Carbine (Carabina de Cavalaria 8 mm m/1886).

References

1838 births
1911 deaths
Firearm designers
Austrian generals
People from Bielsko
People from Austrian Silesia
Cumulonimbus calvus

Cumulonimbus calvus is a moderately tall cumulonimbus cloud that is capable of precipitation but has not yet reached the tropopause, which is the height of stratospheric stability at which cumulonimbus forms into cumulonimbus capillatus (fibrous-top) or cumulonimbus incus (anvil-top). Cumulonimbus calvus develops from cumulus congestus, and its further development, under auspicious conditions, will result in cumulonimbus incus.

This cloud consists mainly of water droplets. By definition of cumulonimbus cloud, at its top water droplets are transformed into ice crystals. But for cumulonimbus calvus, content of ice crystals are meager and polar are in early stage, so cloud tops still look round and puffy.

Cumulonimbus calvus is characterized by distinctive (between other types of cumulonimbus cloud) rounded shape and relatively sharp edges of its top area, unlike cumulonimbus incus or cumulonimbus capillatus, which have cirriform tops. Developing cumulonimbus calvus lose sharp outlines of the top as more water droplets transform into ice crystals. Strong updrafts may form pileus or thin vertical stripes may protrude upwards out of the cloud. When upper parts of the cloud freeze to a greater extent and clearly visible cirriforms appear, cumulonimbus calvus metamorphoses into another species of cumulonimbus.

Cumulonimbus calvus arcus is a sub-form of cumulonimbus calvus, which has arcus cloud ahead of cloud's front.

Hazards
Like other cumulonimbus clouds, cumulonimbus calvus can cause severe weather conditions including: 
Lightning; these clouds produce lightning.
Wind; these clouds may produce strong winds especially during a downburst
Hail; these clouds can sometimes produce hail

The cumulonimbus calvus can further grow larger if the updraft is strong. It can form into a cumulonimbus incus, and bring more severe thunderstorms that can cause constant cloud-to-ground lightning, extensive wind damage, microbursts, hail, and occasionally a tornado.

Cumulus
Kiełpin railway station

Kiełpin is a former PKP railway station in Kiełpin (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

References 
Kiełpin article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 7 March 2006

Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Człuchów County
Cumulonimbus incus

A cumulonimbus incus (), also called an anvil cloud, is a cumulonimbus cloud that has reached the level of stratospheric stability and has formed the characteristic flat, anvil-shaped top. It signifies a thunderstorm in its mature stage, succeeding the cumulonimbus calvus stage. Cumulonimbus incus is a subtype of cumulonimbus capillatus. These clouds are commonly associated with severe weather, including heavy rain, downbursts, and occasionally a tornado.

Hazards
A cumulonimbus incus is a mature thunderstorm cloud generating many dangerous elements.

Lightning: this storm cloud is capable of producing bursts of cloud-to-ground lightning.
Hail: hailstones may fall from this cloud if it is a highly unstable environment (which favours a more vigorous storm updraft).
Heavy rain: this cloud may drop several inches (centimetres) of rain in a short amount of time. This can cause flash flooding.
Strong wind: gale-force winds from a downburst may occur under this cloud.
Tornadoes: in severe cases (most commonly with supercells), it can produce tornadoes. They are not directly produced by cumulonimbus incus but rather produced by supercells which come from cumulonimbus incus.

Classification

Cumulonimbus clouds can be powerful. If the correct atmospheric conditions are met, they can grow into a supercell storm. This cloud may be a single-cell thunderstorm or one cell in a multicellular thunderstorm. They are capable of producing severe storm conditions for a short amount of time.

References

External links

Cumulus
Cirrus

fr:Cumulonimbus#Cumulonimbus capillatus et incus
Polnica railway station

Polnica is a former PKP railway station in Polnica (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

References 
 Polnica article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 7 March 2006

Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Człuchów County
Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency

The , or JRTT,  is an  created by an Act of the National Diet, effective October 1, 2003. JRTT was founded by integrating the Japan Railway Construction Public Corporation (JRCC) and the Corporation for Advanced Transport and Technology (CATT).

Lines of business
As its name implies, JRTT is involved in construction and technical support for railway and other transportation projects throughout Japan. JRTT has undertaken numerous railway construction projects during its existence, including:

 Nagoya Subway Meijo Line (2004)
 Kyushu Shinkansen (2004)
 Meitetsu Airport Line (2005)
 Tsukuba Express (2005)
 Osaka Higashi Line (2008)
 Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line (2009)
 Narita Sky Access Line (2010)

JRTT is currently working on construction of the Hokuriku Shinkansen and Hokkaido Shinkansen high-speed rail projects, as well as the Eastern Kanagawa Rail Link project.

In addition to its railway construction projects, JRTT has also sponsored maritime research, including the latest ship used as the JR Miyajima Ferry.

JRTT also performs administrative functions related to the liquidation of the Japanese National Railways, such as management of JNR employee pensions.

Subsidiaries
JRTT is currently the parent entity of the following JR Group companies:

 Hokkaido Railway Company
 Shikoku Railway Company
 Japan Freight Railway Company

In 2011, the National Diet passed legislation requiring JRTT to use its retained earnings from other businesses for the purpose of Shinkansen construction and capital expenditures at its subsidiary railway companies.

JRTT was also a shareholder of the West Japan Railway Company, the Central Japan Railway Company and the Kyushu Railway Company before offering those shares to the public. (The East Japan Railway Company was privatized shortly before JRTT was founded.)

External links
 JRTT

Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency
Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency
Railway infrastructure companies
Government agencies established in 2003
2003 establishments in Japan
Cameron Park Zoo

Cameron Park Zoo is a  natural habitat zoo located within Cameron Park in the city of Waco, Texas, United States, next to the Brazos River. Established in July 1993, Cameron Park Zoo has lush native vegetation that surrounds splashing waterfalls, a picturesque lake, and ponds. And in the midst of all this beauty, visitors see that the wild ones not only survive in their natural habitat, but they also flourish. The zoo features a diverse collection that includes over 1731 animals, representing 300 species from around the world.

The Cameron Park Zoo is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) and is a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA).

History

Initially established in 1955 as the Central Texas Zoological Park by a group of wildlife enthusiasts who wanted to create an area for recreation and education opportunities.

In 1981, a master plan was established to expand the zoo, and in 1989 a countywide bond was issued to redevelop a  area of Cameron Park, into the Cameron Park Zoo. The project was completed, the old zoo was closed, and the new zoo was opened to the public on July 18, 1993.

The Cameron Park Zoo features species from North and South America, Africa, Asia and Europe. Including a large reptile house, an African lion display, and Lemur Island, a large open lemur habitat. In 2005, a large new area was opened called the Brazos River Country, featuring a  saltwater reef aquarium, a large swampland habitat, and many other native Texas type habitats, featuring numerous species found within the state. The exhibit is so large, it nearly doubled both the animal population and the overall size of the zoo. In 2009, the zoo added the Asian Forest, expanding its collection to include endangered species such as orangutans and Komodo dragons. These species joined the Sumatran tigers in the Asian Forest.

Cameron Park

Cameron Park Zoo is located with Cameron Park. Cameron Park covers , and is one of the largest undeveloped municipal parks in Texas. It is located at the intersection of the Bosque River and Brazos River. Situated in Waco's Cameron Park, the zoo enjoys lush native vegetation and adjoins nearby limestone cliffs, which provide an excellent view of Waco.

Gallery

Notes

External links

 

Buildings and structures in Waco, Texas
Zoos in Texas
1955 establishments in Texas
Tourist attractions in Waco, Texas
Protected areas of McLennan County, Texas
Zoos established in 1955
Sonata Undine

Sonata Undine in E minor is a flute and piano sonata written by Carl Reinecke that is based on the novel Undine by Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué. It is his opus 167, first published in 1882.

This sonata is normally associated with the Romantic genre.  It consists of four movements.

 Allegro
 Intermezzo. Allegretto vivace
 Andante tranquillo
 Finale. Allegro molto agitato ed appassionato, quasi Presto.

See also
Ondine (mythology)
Gaspard de la nuit

References

External links

Performance of Sonata Undine by Dora Seres (flute) and Emese Mali (piano) from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in MP3 format

Compositions by Carl Reinecke
1882 compositions
Reinecke
Compositions in E minor
Works based on Undine (novella)
Sąpolno Człuchowskie railway station

Sąpolno Człuchowskie is a former PKP railway station in Sąpolno Człuchowskie (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

References 

 Sąpolno Człuchowskie article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 7 March 2006

Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Człuchów County
Via Sacra (Wienerwald)

The Via Sacra (Latin for Holy Road) is a centuries old pilgrimage trail in Lower Austria. It starts in Vienna and passes through the Wienerwald to Mariazell.

One version of the route starts in Vienna and passes by the Wildegg Castle along the way to Heiligenkreuz.

Another version of the trail starts in Brunn am Gebirge goes from Mödling through Gaaden, Heiligenkreuz, Alland, and the pilgrimage destination Hafnerberg, first into the Triestingtal, and then over the Gerichtsberg into the Gölsental and Traisental. Along it there are many remarkable shrines. The pilgrims have been an economic factor in the area since early in its history.  There are many inns on the trail, which live off the pilgrims.

References

The information in this article is based partially on a translation of its German equivalent.

External links
 Via Sacra
 http://www.altenmarkt.co.at/ViaSacra/Via_Sacra.htm

Lower Austria
Christian pilgrimages
Przechlewo railway station

Przechlewo is a former PKP railway station in Przechlewo (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

References 
Przechlewo article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 7 March 2006

Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Człuchów County
Nowa Wieś Człuchowska railway station

Nowa Wieś Człuchowska is a former PKP railway station in Nowa Wieś Człuchowska (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

References 
Nowa Wieś Człuchowska article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 7 March 2006

Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Człuchów County
Course of Nature

Course of Nature was an American alternative rock band formed in Enterprise, Alabama in 2001, later based in Los Angeles. The band was co-founded by lead singer and rhythm guitarist Mark Wilkerson, with a final lineup of Sean Kipe (lead guitar), Jackson Eppley (bass) and Shane Lenzen O'Connell (drums).

History
Mark Wilkerson and guitarist/bassist John "Fish" Milldrum formed Course of Nature after leaving Alabama band Cog, naming their new band after a song title from their previous band.  The band originally played cover songs, but gradually developed and played their own material.  They were joined by drummer Rick Shelton, formerly from Dust for Life.

During 2001, Course of Nature signed with Lava Records and recorded their first album, Superkala, which was produced by Matt Martone.  The album was released in 2002, spawning the single "Caught in the Sun".  After the album was released, Milldrum and Shelton left the band.

In 2007, Course of Nature signed with the Silent Majority records label, which released their second album, Damaged.  The album was produced by David Bendeth, who produced albums for Hawthorne Heights, Breaking Benjamin and The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, and was released on January 29, 2008.  The album spawned a single, "Anger Cage" which was released on 22 January 2008.

 the band consisted of Wilkerson on lead vocals and rhythm guitar, Sean Kipe on lead guitar, Jackson Eppley on bass, and Shane Lenzen O'Connell on drums.

Sean Kipe, then lead guitarist, announced via Facebook that they were in the studio working on new material as of January 30, 2010; however, in April 2010, Kipe announced that he now plays guitar for Alex Band.

Course of Nature released four demos on Jan. 24th, 2011 ("(Un) Happy", "The Bitter End", "Don't Pretend", and "I Miss You"), written by Sean Kipe and Mark Wilkerson. They are currently available on the band's MySpace profile.

Course of Nature broke up permanently without explanation shortly after the release of the 2011 demos.

Albums 
No Time at All (2001, as COG)
Superkala (2002)
Damaged (2008)

Singles

References

External links 
Official Website
Yahoo Music Page

Alternative rock groups from Alabama
Musical groups established in 2001
American post-grunge musical groups
American punk rock groups
Nowa Brda railway station

Nowa Brda is a former PKP railway station in Nowa Brda (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

References 

Nowa Brda Człuchowska article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 7 March 2006

Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Człuchów County
Divine Mother

Divine Mother or Mother Divine may refer to:

Adi Parashakti, a goddess in the Hindu religion
Bhagavathi, female goddesses in Hinduism, especially in Kerala
Blessed Virgin Mary (Roman Catholic), of Roman Catholicism religion
Wives of American religious leader Father Divine
Edna Rose Ritchings (c. 1925–2017)
Peninniah 
Hindu mother goddess
Lady Master Venus, a goddess in Ascended Master Teachings
Maharishi Vedic Education Development Corporation, which claims this term as a trademark of own
Mirra Alfassa (1878–1973), known as "The Mother" in Hindu or Neo-Hindu context
Mother goddess, a term used to refer to certain genre of goddess
Shekhinah, feminine attributes of the presence of God

See also
God the Mother (disambiguation)
Goddess worship (disambiguation)
Magna Mater (disambiguation)
Superkala

Superkala is the debut studio album from American alternative rock group Course of Nature. The album was released on February 26, 2002 and peaked at number 166 on the Billboard 200.

Track listing 
All songs written by Mark Wilkerson.
Wall of Shame - 3:59 
Caught in the Sun - 4:51 
Difference of Opinion - 4:02 
Someone Else to You - 4:08
Remain - 3:09
Gain - 4:15 
1000 Times - 4:57 
Could I've Been - 4:01
Better Part of Me - 4:21 
After the Fall - 3:55

"Wall of Shame" was used in the 2002 racing video game Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2.

Additional personnel
Randy Staub – mixing

Charts

References

Course of Nature albums
2002 debut albums
Koczała railway station

Koczała is a former PKP railway station in Koczała (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

References 
Koczała article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 7 March 2006

External links
 Koczała official website

Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Człuchów County
Łękinia railway station

Łękinia is a former PKP railway station in Łękinia (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

Lines crossing the station

References 
Łękinia article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 7 March 2006

Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Człuchów County
Deposition (phase transition)

Deposition is the phase transition in which gas transforms into solid without passing through the liquid phase. Deposition is a thermodynamic process. The reverse of deposition is sublimation and hence sometimes deposition is called desublimation.

Applications

Examples 
One example of deposition is the process by which, in sub-freezing air, water vapour changes directly to ice without first becoming a liquid. This is how frost and hoar frost form on the ground or other surfaces. Another example is when frost forms on a leaf. For deposition to occur, thermal energy must be removed from a gas. When the air becomes cold enough, water vapour in the air surrounding the leaf loses enough thermal energy to change into a solid. Even though the air temperature may be below the dew point, the water vapour may not be able to condense spontaneously if there is no way to remove the latent heat.  When the leaf is introduced, the supercooled water vapour immediately begins to condense, but by this point is already past the freezing point.  This causes the water vapour to change directly into a solid.

Another example is the soot that is deposited on the walls of chimneys. Soot molecules rise from the fire in a hot and gaseous state. When they come into contact with the walls they cool, and change to the solid state, without formation of the liquid state. The process is made use of industrially in combustion chemical vapour deposition.

Industrial applications 
There is an industrial coatings process, known as evaporative deposition, whereby a solid material is heated to the gaseous state in a low-pressure chamber, the gas molecules travel across the chamber space and then deposit to the solid state on a target surface, forming a smooth and thin layer on the target surface. Again, the molecules do not go through an intermediate liquid state when going from the gas to the solid. See also physical vapor deposition, which is a class of processes used to deposit thin films of various materials onto various surfaces.

Deposition releases energy and is an exothermic phase change.

See also

References
 Gaja, Shiv P., Fundamentals of Atmospheric Modeling, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed., 2005, p. 525 
 Moore, John W., et al., Principles of Chemistry: The Molecular Science, Brooks Cole, 2009, p. 387 
 Whitten, Kenneth W., et al., Chemistry, Brooks-Cole, 9th ed., 2009, p. 7 
 

Phase transitions
Adinath Sampradaya

The Adinath Sampradaya was a sadhu sub-sect of the greater Nath tradition. Followers of this tradition were given Sannyasa diksha, thus renouncing householder life, and thereafter lived as naked sadhus. Believing that sadhus should live alone until they had attained the goal, they lived in caves, huts, ruined buildings, or empty houses, and always away from towns and villages. Reference to the Adinath Sampradaya is pointed out by Rajmohan Nath (1964) who lists them among the twelve traditional sub-sects of the Nath Sampradaya. The Adinath Sampradaya is also listed among the sub-divisions of Nath sects in the Census Report, Punjab, 1891, p. 114.  The last sadhu holding authentic guru status in the Adinath Sampradaya was Shri Gurudev Mahendranath, who died in 1991. Though he created, and gave Diksha into, a western householder variant of the Nath Tradition, he intentionally terminated the Adinath Sampradaya by refusing to bestow sannyasa diksha, an initiation required for succession.
The Sanskrit term Adi Nath means "first" or "original Lord," and is therefore a synonym for Shiva and, beyond mental concepts, the "Supreme Reality" as originator of all things. G.W. Briggs noted, "although Adinath may have been a yogi preceding Matsyendranath, he is now identified with Shiva, and the name is used to trace the origin of the (Nath) sect to the greatest of yogis, the god Shiva".

References

External links
  Adityanath (2002).   Nath FAQ. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2004.
  The Open Door: Newsletter of the International Nath Order, 1985–present.

Shaiva sects
Hindu denominations
Hindu religious orders
Société des Acadiens v Association of Parents

Société des Acadiens v Association of Parents is a  Supreme Court of Canada decision on minority language rights under section 19(2) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The majority of the Court held that in civil cases in the New Brunswick courts, the parties have the right to use either French or English in all submissions and pleadings.  However, they do not have a right to have the matter heard by a judge who understands them in the language they choose to speak.  It is sufficient if there is simultaneous translation.  In addition to the majority decision, two other justices of the Court held that the parties did have the right to be heard and understood by the judge in the language of their choice, but on the facts of the case, that standard was met.

Decision
Justice Beetz, writing for the majority, held that the language rights of section 19(2) were different from most other rights in the Charter as they were the result of a political compromise and so must be read restrictively. The right to be tried in court in French does not even imply a right to an interpreter. The only right to be understood would be provided by fundamental justice and sections 7 and 14 of the Charter rather than language rights.

Aftermath
The decision inspired criticism.  Professors Leslie Green and Denise Réaume call it "troubling," noting the division of the Charter between rights to be read conservatively and liberally was not specific and so other rights besides the language rights were at risk of being conservatively read.  Moreover, they questioned the meaning of conservative readings and said that even with supposed generous readings of the Charter, it is expected that courts are not making law.

Green also argued that when it comes to diminishing rights due to compromise and politics,

This decision was eventually reconsidered in R v Beaulac, [1999] 1 S.C.R. 768 where the Court rejected the Beetz interpretation in favour of the case's minority decision of Dickson and Wilson.

References

External links
 full text from LexUM
 case summary at mapleleafweb.com 

Supreme Court of Canada cases
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms case law
Bilingualism in Canada
1986 in Canadian case law
Language case law
2004 Big Ten men's basketball tournament

The 2004 Big Ten men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Big Ten Conference and was played between March 11 and March 14, 2004 at Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana. The championship was won by Wisconsin who defeated Illinois in the championship game. As a result, Wisconsin received the Big Ten's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.  The win marked Wisconsin's first win in their first appearance in the championship game. It also marked the first time in tournament history that the top two seeds appeared in the championship game.

Seeds
All Big Ten schools played in the tournament. Teams were seeded by conference record, with a tiebreaker system used to seed teams with identical conference records. Seeding for the tournament was determined at the close of the regular conference season. The top five teams received a first round bye.

Bracket

Honors

All-Tournament Team
 Devin Harris, Wisconsin – Big Ten tournament Most Outstanding Player
 Dee Brown, Illinois
 Deron Williams, Illinois
 Jitim Young, Northwestern
 Mike Wilkinson, Wisconsin

References

Big Ten men's basketball tournament
Tournament
Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament
Big Ten men's basketball tournament
Big Ten
Mulberry Island

Mulberry Island is located along the James River in the city of Newport News, Virginia, in southeastern Virginia at the confluence of the Warwick River on the Virginia Peninsula.

History

Mulberry Island, settled shortly after Jamestown, was established a few miles downriver in 1607. It was at Mulberry Island where the colonists who were preparing to leave Virginia during the Starving Time in 1610 were met by Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr with fresh provisions from England. By 1614, thousands of acres were under cultivation with tobacco, the export crop introduced by John Rolfe which saved the Virginia Colony financially. In 1619, Mulberry Island was part of the plantation held by William Pierce, Rolfe's father-in-law. By the end of the century, Edward Digges owned a plantation on the island, and attempted to cultivate silkworms on the native mulberry trees.

During the American Civil War, Mulberry Island was the southern end of the Warwick Line, a series of defensive works built across the Virginia Peninsula to Yorktown manned by troops of Confederate General John B. Magruder during the Peninsula Campaign of 1862.

From 1898 to 1918, Mulberry Island was home to Davis & Kimpton Brickyard.  The brickyard sat on the west bank of the Warwick River.

Prior to its acquisition by the U.S. government for $538,000, Mulberry Island was primarily farmland. During the first World War, Camp Abraham Eustis was established on the historic island and adjacent land in Warwick County, upstream from Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company. Named for Abraham Eustis, a famous U.S. Army General from Petersburg, the camp had balloon observation school, and an artillery school that remained in operation through the end of World War II.  Camp Eustis became Fort Eustis and a permanent Army base in 1923.  In 2010, it was combined with nearby Langley Air Force Base to form Joint Base Langley–Eustis.

Modern times

Fort Eustis is currently home to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). Since 1958, following a political consolidation of the former Warwick County with the independent city of Newport News, almost all of the base and all of Mulberry Island are located within the corporate limits of Newport News. An Army Aviation School is also located at Fort Eustis.

An array of ships part of the National Defense Reserve Fleet are anchored adjacent to Mulberry Island in the middle of the James River. Considered an environmental hazard, the numbers of this reserve fleet are being reduced each year as ships are transported away as scrap. These ships are termed the "Idle Fleet" in local parlance.

References

Notes

Sources
 Eustace Families Association website
 Fort Eustis history

External links
Fort Eustis official website
Davis & Kimpton Brickyard - DoI National Historic Places Registration

James River (Virginia)
Landforms of Newport News, Virginia
River islands of Virginia
Straw man (law)

A straw man is a figure not intended to have a genuine beneficial interest in a property, to whom such property is nevertheless conveyed in order to facilitate a transaction.

See also

 Straw deed
 Straw owner
 Straw purchase
 Strawman theory, a pseudolegal conspiracy theory unrelated to the actual legal concept

References

Personal property law
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium

Arnoglossum atriplicifolium, the pale Indian plantain, is a perennial herbaceous wildflower in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). native to the central and eastern United States. It can reach heights of up to , with dramatic clusters of white flowers at the top of a central, unbranching stalk.

Description
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium is a large perennial plant with an unbranched stalk up to  tall, sometimes much taller, rising from a basal  rosette up to  wide. The stalk is pale green to pale purple and has alternate leaves measuring up to  long and  across, becoming smaller as they ascend the stalk. The stems and lower surface of the leaves have a grayish white color, which is the source of the "pale" in the common name and is a distinguishing feature when differentiating it from other species in the Arnoglossum genus. 

At the top of the central stalk is a flat-topped corymb, or cluster, of 4 to 15 flower heads. Flower heads are white, sometimes with a bit of green or purple, with disc florets but no ray florets. The plant spreads by means of underground rhizomes.

Distribution and habitat
It is widely distributed through the central and eastern states of the United States from the  Atlantic Coast westward as far as Kansas, but it is listed as endangered in the state of New Jersey. It grows in pastures, roadsides, and edges of woods.

Ecology
Flowers bloom July to November. The plant is pollinated by insects, primarily wasps, including sand wasps (Bicyrtes), great black wasps (Sphex pensylvanicus), great golden digger wasps (Sphex ichneumoneus), and thread-waisted wasps, ( Ammophila spp.) flies, and small bees.

References

External links
Illinois Wildflowers
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas
Plants of the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden  
Delaware wildflowers
Michigan flora
Digital Atlas of Virginia Flora

Senecioneae
Flora of the United States
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Kimberley Walsh (canoeist)

Kimberley Walsh (born 1980) is a British slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1997 to 2006.

She won a silver medal in the K1 team event at the 2005 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Penrith, west of Sydney.

References

British female canoeists
Living people
1980 births
Medalists at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
Little Soldier

Little Soldier was the head chief of the Yankton Dakota. He was a member of a delegation that signed a treaty with the United States government on June 22, 1825. He signed the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868. He also took part in the Battle of Little Bighorn.

References
 "Famous Indian Chiefs" from www.axel-jacob.de, URL accessed on March 6, 2006

Year of death missing
Native American leaders
Yankton Dakota people
People of the Great Sioux War of 1876
Year of birth unknown
19th-century Native Americans
Robert Wall (disambiguation)

Robert Wall (1939–2022) American martial artist and screen actor.

Robert Wall may also refer to:
Bob Wall (football administrator) (1912–1981), English former secretary and director of Arsenal Football Club
Bob Wall (ice hockey) (born 1942), Canadian ice hockey player

See also
Robert Walls (born 1950), Australian rules footballer
Greg Hollimon

Greg Hollimon (born May 2, 1956) is an American actor best known for his work on Comedy Central's Strangers with Candy.

Hollimon grew up in the Chicago housing projects of Cabrini–Green, growing up alongside Ozone from Breakin'. In 1986, he began taking improvisation classes at The Players Workshop, where he met Paul Dinello and, some time later, Amy Sedaris. Hollimon then began doing stand-up at a few local comedy clubs and dabbled in comedy writing, while honing his craft of improvisation at Players Workshop.

Hollimon graduated from The Players Workshop in 1988 and enrolled in classes at Chicago's famed The Second City. While still taking classes, he was hired into Second City's National Touring Company, where he met Stephen Colbert. A year later, Sedaris, Dinello, Colbert & Hollimon were all touring together, performing nightly improvisational theatre at colleges & universities all over America.

After leaving Second City in 1993, he then wrote and performed in a two-man play called The RIC Show-Revelations, Indictments and Confessions with his friend and fellow actor Michael McCarthy. They performed the play to rave reviews at the Dublin Theater Festival and eventually staged the show in Los Angeles where it garnered similar accolades.

When the play closed, Hollimon returned to Chicago to work in the theater. He performed in plays, including Eugene Lee's East Texas Hot Links and Pearl Cleage's Flying West." He then moved on to film, appearing in Stephen Gyllenhaal's Losing Isaiah and Richard Pearce's A Family Thing.

Sedaris, Dinello, and Colbert created the role of Principal Blackman with Hollimon in mind for the Strangers with Candy TV series. Blackman's deep, oratorial speaking style is actually quite different from Hollimon's actual speaking voice. The second season Strangers DVD contains video of the cast's appearance at The Museum of Television and Radio; during this appearance Colbert imitates Blackman, describing his "hubris and overweening pride." (A line that's actually a Blackman quote about Jerri Blank.) Hollimon objected to the imitation, insisting that he didn't sound like that, but Colbert assured him that he did, to which Hollimon humbly agreed to disagree, although Colbert did not agree to the disagreement. The same DVD also features a commentary track where it is revealed that Hollimon is a very skilled rollerskater, so Sedaris, Dinello, and Colbert incorporated this talent into the show.

References

External links 
 
 Greg Hollimon's radio interview on BLACKOUTpresents: Radio

1956 births
Living people
African-American male actors
Male actors from Chicago
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people
Golygon

A golygon, or more generally a serial isogon of 90°, is any polygon with all right angles (a rectilinear polygon) whose sides are consecutive integer lengths. Golygons were invented and named by Lee Sallows, and popularized by A.K. Dewdney in a 1990 Scientific American column (Smith). Variations on the definition of golygons involve allowing edges to cross, using sequences of edge lengths other than the consecutive integers, and considering turn angles other than 90°.

Properties
In any golygon, all horizontal edges have the same parity as each other, as do all vertical edges. Therefore, the number n of sides must allow the solution of the system of equations

It follows from this that n must be a multiple of 8. For example, in the figure we have  and .

The number of golygons for a given permissible value of n may be computed efficiently using generating functions .  The number of golygons for permissible values of n  is 4, 112, 8432, 909288, etc.  Finding the number of solutions that correspond to non-crossing golygons seems to be significantly more difficult.

There is a unique eight-sided golygon (shown in the figure); it can tile the plane by 180-degree rotation using the Conway criterion.

Examples

Generalizations
A serial-sided isogon of order n is a closed polygon with a constant angle at each vertex and having consecutive sides of length 1, 2, ..., n units. The polygon may be self-crossing. Golygons are a special case of serial-sided isogons.

A spirolateral is similar construction, notationally nθi1,i2,...,ik which sequences lengths 1,2,3,...,n with internal angles θ, with option of repeating until it returns to close with the original vertex. The i1,i2,...,ik superscripts list edges that follow opposite turn directions.

Golyhedron 
The three-dimensional generalization of a golygon is called a golyhedron – a closed simply-connected solid figure confined to the faces of a cubical lattice and having face areas in the sequence 1, 2, ..., n, for some integer n,
first introduced in a MathOverflow question.

Golyhedrons have been found with values of n equal to 32, 15, 12, and 11 (the minimum possible).

References

External links
Golygons at the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences

Types of polygons
Suwa Shrine

may refer to:

 Suwa shrine, part of the Shinto shrine network headed by Suwa taisha, in Nagano Prefecture
 Suwa Shrine (Nagasaki), major Shinto shrine in Nagasaki, Japan
 Suwa Shrine (Tottori), Shinto shrine in Chizu, Tottori Prefecture, Japan

Suwa shrines
Terrance Roberson

Terrance Roberson (born December 30, 1976) is an American former professional basketball player. At 6'7", he played as a small forward.

Roberson played at California State University, Fresno, averaging 16.3 points per game during his senior season (1999–2000).  In 2000, he was selected by the Idaho Stampede in the third round of the Continental Basketball Association draft. 
Although never drafted by a National Basketball Association team, he signed as a free agent and appeared in three games for the Charlotte Hornets of the NBA in 2000 (his only time in the NBA). In those three games, Roberson played a total of 12 minutes and recorded 1 assist, 1 rebound but no points. His final game was on November 29, 2000 in a 103 - 79 win over the Toronto Raptors where he recorded 1 turnover and no other stats.
He last played for the Halifax Rainmen during the 2011 season.

References

External links
NBA stats @ basketballreference.com
NBA D-League profile

1976 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Canada
American expatriate basketball people in Finland
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in Mexico
American expatriate basketball people in Romania
American expatriate basketball people in Switzerland
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American expatriate basketball people in Ukraine
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Michigan
BC Kyiv players
Charlotte Hornets players
CSU Sibiu players
Fresno State Bulldogs men's basketball players
Galgos de Tijuana (basketball) players
Greenville Groove players
Halifax Rainmen players
Huntsville Flight players
Maccabi Haifa B.C. players
Pallacanestro Reggiana players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
SAM Basket players
Sportspeople from Saginaw, Michigan
Small forwards
Trenton Shooting Stars players
Undrafted National Basketball Association players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople
Straw man (dummy)

A straw man (ritual doll) is a dummy in the shape of a human usually made up entirely out of straw material, or created by stuffing straw into clothes.

Uses
Straw men are commonly used as scarecrows, combat training targets, swordsmiths' test targets, effigies to be burned, and as rodeo dummies to distract bulls.

Rodeo straw men
In the sport of rodeo, the straw man is a dummy, originally made of a shirt and pants stuffed with straw. The straw man is placed in the arena during bullriding events as a safety measure. It is intended to distract the bull after the rider has dismounted (or has been thrown), with the idea that the bull will attack the straw man rather than attack its former rider. Two so-called rodeo clowns – people dressed in bright colors whose job it is to distract the bull if the rider is injured – are in the ring as well and are usually far more effective than the straw man.

See also

 Scarecrow
 Voodoo doll

Dummies and mannequins
Warwick River

Warwick River is the name of several rivers:

In New Zealand
Warwick River (New Zealand)

In the United States
Warwick River (Maryland)
Warwick River (Virginia)
Warwick River Shire, a former division of Virginia
Straw man (disambiguation)

A straw man is a form of argument and an informal fallacy.

Straw man or strawman may also refer to:

General
 Straw man (dummy), a dummy made from straw from which the other concepts take their names
 Craterocephalus stramineus, a species of fish

Law and commerce
 Straw man (law), in law, a third party that acts as a front in a transaction
 Straw man proposal, in business and software development, a simple draft proposal to generate discussion
 Strawman theory, a pseudolegal theory in the sovereign citizen, tax protester, freeman, and redemption movements

Publications
 Straw Man (novel), a 1951 novel by Doris Miles Disney
 The Straw Man, a 1957 novel by Jean Giono
 Straw Man (comics), a 1975 Marvel Comics character
 Straw Men (novel), a 2001 novel by Martin J. Smith
 The Straw Men, a 2002 novel by Michael Marshall

Film
 The Straw Man (film), a 1953 British film
 Strawman (film), a 1987 Taiwanese film

Music
 "Strawman", a 1989 song by Lou Reed from New York
 "Straw Man", a 2019 song by Silversun Pickups from Widow's Weeds

See also 
 Corn dolly, a humanoid figure woven from plant stems
 Man of Straw (disambiguation)
 Scarecrow (disambiguation)
 Der Untertan, a 1918 novel by Heinrich Mann
 Der Untertan (film), a 1951 East German film
 Wicker man (disambiguation)
WFXJ-FM

WFXJ-FM (107.5 FM) — branded 107.5 The Fox — is a commercial classic rock radio station licensed to North Kingsville, Ohio.  Owned by Media One Radio Group, the station serves the Northeast Ohio county of Ashtabula, and is the local affiliate for The Bob & Tom Show and Nights with Alice Cooper.  The WFXJ-FM studios are located in the city of Ashtabula, while the station transmitter resides in Kingsville. It is one of five stations in Media One Radio Group's Ashtabula cluster, the others being WFUN (AM), WQGR (FM), WREO-FM, WYBL (FM), and WZOO-FM.

History
The construction permit for the station was obtained by Emily W. Chismar in the name of EWC Enterprises, Ltd. on April 22, 1999, and the calls WPHR were granted on October 15, 1999. The construction permit was transferred to Clear Channel Communications on July 11, 2000. Clear Channel obtained the calls WCUZ on January 18, 2001, when it moved the WPHR calls to its station in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It finally settled on WFXJ-FM on August 6, 2001.

WFXJ-FM was sold off by Clear Channel to Media One Radio Group in September 2007.

Current programming
WFXJ-FM airs The Bob & Tom Show during weekday mornings via Premiere Networks, and Nights with Alice Cooper weekday nights via United Stations Radio Networks.

References

External links

Ashtabula, Ohio
FXJ-FM
Radio stations established in 1999
Classic rock radio stations in the United States
1999 establishments in Ohio
Oklahoma State Highway 145

State Highway 145, abbreviated as SH-145 or OK-145, is a short,  highway in Garvin County, Oklahoma. It connects Interstate 35 at its west end to US-77 in Paoli at its east end. It does not have any spur routes.

Route description
State Highway 145 begins at Exit 79 along Interstate 35 in northern Garvin County. From this point, it heads east along Davis Avenue until it reaches the town of Paoli. The route ends at US-77 in the center of the town.

"TO Interstate 35" signage is also present along westbound SH-145.

History
State Highway 145 was added to Oklahoma's highway system in 1958. The original western terminus of the highway was at State Highway 19 east of Maysville. The eastern terminus was in Paoli. The highway was entirely gravel when it was commissioned, and did not yet have an interchange with I-35, as that highway had not yet been built south of Purcell in McClain County.

By 1961, SH-145 had been extended eastward to meet SH-19 once again east of Paoli. At this point, the highway served as a de facto Pauls Valley bypass, as SH-19 dipped down to the south to run through the Garvin County seat, while SH-145 continued on a straight course. The highway had also been nearly-entirely paved by this point, with only a short section near the eastern terminus still gravelled.

SH-145 was decommissioned between July 1968 and June 1969. However, some time between September 1970 and 1972, the highway had been reinstated with its present-day termini. No changes have taken place since 1972.

Bridge over I-35
SH-145's bridge over I-35 at its present-day western end was the site of a deadly accident on 8 June 2004, when a chunk of concrete crumbled off the bridge and fell on a car passing under the bridge on I-35. Yvonne Osborne, the driver of the car, was killed. The accident was cited by political action committees such as Oklahomans for Safe Roads and Bridges as a result of poor funding for Oklahoma roads. 

Osborne's death served as a catalyst for the state legislature to allocate extra funding for ODOT — as a result of the bridge incident, $100 million was appropriated to the agency for bridge repair, and was eventually exhausted after having been used to repair or replace 68 Oklahoma bridges. The event also led to the passage of House Bill 1176, which added either $50 million or $17.5 million to ODOT's annual budget, depending on the state's revenue for the fiscal year.

Junction list

References

External links

SH-145 at OKHighways

145
Transportation in Garvin County, Oklahoma