alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Hesperidin

Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits. Its aglycone is hesperetin. Its name is derived from the word "hesperidium", for fruit produced by citrus trees.

Hesperidin was first isolated in 1828 by French chemist M. Lebreton from the white inner layer of citrus peels (mesocarp, albedo).

Hesperidin is believed to play a role in plant defense.

Sources

Rutaceae
 700–2,500 ppm in fruit of Citrus aurantium (bitter orange, petitgrain)
 in orange juice (Citrus sinensis)
 in Zanthoxylum gilletii
 in lemon 
 in lime 
 in leaves of Agathosma serratifolia

Lamiaceae
Peppermint contains hesperidin.

Content in foods

Approximate hesperidin content per 100 ml

 481 mg peppermint, dried
 44 mg blood orange, pure juice
 26 mg orange, pure juice
 18 mg lemon, pure juice
 14 mg lime, pure juice
 1 mg grapefruit, pure juice

Metabolism 
Hesperidin 6-O-α--rhamnosyl-β--glucosidase, an enzyme that uses hesperidin and water to produce hesperetin and rutinose, is found in the Ascomycetes species.

Research 
As a flavanone found in the rinds of citrus fruits (such as oranges or lemons), hesperidin is under preliminary research for its possible biological properties in vivo. One review did not find evidence that hesperidin affected blood lipid levels or hypertension. Another review found that hesperidin may improve endothelial function in humans, but the overall results were inconclusive.

Biosynthesis 

The biosynthesis of hesperidin stems from the phenylpropanoid pathway, in which the natural amino acid -phenylalanine undergoes a deamination by phenylalanine ammonia lyase to afford (E)-cinnamate. The resulting monocarboxylate undergoes an oxidation by cinnamate 4-hydroxylase to afford (E)-4-coumarate, which is transformed into (E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA by 4-coumarate-CoA ligase. (E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA is then subjected to the type III polyketide synthase naringenin chalcone synthase, undergoing successive condensation reactions and ultimately a ring-closing Claisen condensation to afford naringenin chalcone. The corresponding chalcone undergoes an isomerization by chalcone isomerase to afford (2S)-naringenin, which is oxidized to (2S)-eriodictyol by flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase. After O-methylation by caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, the hesperitin product undergoes a glycosylation by flavanone 7-O-glucosyltransferase to afford hesperitin-7-O-β--glucoside. Finally, a rhamnosyl moiety is introduced to the monoglycosylated product by 1,2-rhamnosyltransferase, forming hesperidin.

See also 
 Diosmin
 List of phytochemicals in food
 List of MeSH codes (D03)
 List of food additives

References

External links 

Flavanone glycosides
Flavonoid antioxidants
Bitter compounds
Flavonoids found in Rutaceae
Jan Lam

Jan Lam (16 January 1838 in Stanyslaviv – 3 August 1886 in Lviv) was a Polish journalist, writer and comic, as well as a teacher in numerous schools of Galicia. He is probably best remembered as the author of a poem Marsz Sokołów, the anthem of the Sokół, as well as a long-time journalist of the Dziennik Polski daily.

Jan Lam was born Johann Lam on January 16, 1838, in the town of Stanisławów, Austria-Hungary (now Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine). Born to a German family, he chose to be a Pole much like most of his colleagues and took part in the January Uprising against Imperial Russia. Upon his return to Austria in 1864 he was arrested and sentenced to one year in prison for his part in the struggle against Russia.

In 1866 he moved to Lwów, where he briefly appeared as a journalist of the Gazeta Narodowa daily. In 1868 he started publishing a weekly Lwów chronicles column, a largely popular satirical rubric. Its popularity made him change the newspaper and the following year he was hired by the Dziennik Polski, the most popular Polish language newspaper of Galicia. He also published a number of novels, most of which were also satirical to some extent. In his works he mocked the short-mindedness of the szlachta and the clergy, as well as the absurdities of Austro-Hungarian rule and red-tape in Galicia. Such topics made Lam one of the most popular journalist of Lwów, a town primarily inhabited by burghers rather than gentry. He died August 3, 1886, in Lwów (then Austro-Hungarian Galicia, modern Lviv in Ukraine).

Works 

 Wielki świat Capowic (Fashionables of Buckville; 1869)
 Koroniarz w Galicji (A Crown-man in Galicia; 1870)
 Głowy do pozłoty (Heads to be Gilt; 1873)
 Idealiści (Idealists; 1876)
 Dziwne kariery (Strange Careers; 1881)
 Dzieła (Selected works in 4 volumes; 1956–1957)

1838 births
1886 deaths
19th-century Polish journalists
19th-century Polish male writers
19th-century Polish novelists
Polish male novelists
January Uprising participants
Male journalists
Writers from Ivano-Frankivsk
BiPu

BIPU (Bioremediation Infield Personnel Unit) is a sanitation method suitable for disaster relief and for temporary or isolated locations. It consists of flat-packed plastic panels which fit together to make a box, which is buried in the ground, and a large plastic bag to be placed inside the box. It is quick to set up but also suitable for longer term use if required.

A latrine, (Western style, or squat style) pour-flush latrine, is placed over the top. The S-shaped water seal improves hygiene, compared to pit latrines.

Background
The BIPU is manufactured and distributed by Poly Marketing Pty Limited.

See also
Appropriate technology

External links
BiPu - New Inventors TV program
Certificate of Authorisation for use in Tasmania.

Appropriate technology
Disaster management tools
Sewerage
USS Peosta

USS Peosta—also known as "Tinclad" # 36—was a steamboat acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. Peosta was outfitted as an armed gunboat, with heavy guns for battles at sea, and large howitzers for shore bombardment. She served on the rivers and other waterways of the Confederate States of America enforcing the Union blockade on the South.

Service history
Peosta, a side-wheel wooden gunboat, was built in 1857 at Cincinnati, Ohio, for civilian employment. She was purchased at Dubuque, Iowa, 13 June 1863; fitted out at Cairo, Illinois, and commissioned 2 October 1863, Lt. Thomas E. Smith in command. Assigned to the Naval forces on the Tennessee River, Peosta departed Cairo 28 October and arrived at Paducah, Kentucky, 3 November. Remaining on the Tennessee River throughout the Civil War, she cruised between Paducah and Eastport, Mississippi, to protect Union shipping and support Union Army activities. In the spring of 1864 she assisted in halting a Confederate land and river offensive against Paducah as they moved through Union lines to repossess defenses along the river. On 25 March 1864, she engaged Confederate troops at Paducah. Remaining on the Tennessee River into June 1865 she arrived at Mound City, Illinois, on the 5th for inactivation. On 7 August 1865 she decommissioned and 10 days later was sold to John W. Waggoner. She retained her name in postwar merchant service and burned at Memphis, Tennessee, on 25 December 1870.

See also 

 Anaconda Plan

References
  
 USS Peosta (1863-1865, "Tinclad" # 36)

Ships of the Union Navy
Ships built in Cincinnati
Steamships of the United States Navy
Gunboats of the United States Navy
American Civil War patrol vessels of the United States
1857 ships
Islam in Cameroon

Cameroon is a Christian majority nation, with Islam being a minority faith practiced by around 20.2% of the total population as of 2020. Among Cameroonian Muslims, approximately 27% identify themselves as Sunni, 2% Ahmadi and 3% Shia, while the majority of the rest do not associate themselves with a particular group and sect.

In Cameroon, 48% of Muslims belong to a Sufi Tariqah (order). The Fulani, a pastoral nomadic group, spread Islam in early 19th century West Africa largely through commercial activity and Sufi brotherhoods (Qadiri and Tijani). In the northern provinces, the locally dominant Fulani is overwhelmingly Muslim. Other ethnic groups, known collectively as the Kirdi, generally practice some form of Islam. The Bamoun ethnic group of the West Province is also largely Muslim.

Islam in German Cameroon 1884-1916
In the rush to claim African territories Germany first entered Cameroon in 1884 and established rule in northern Cameroon by 1902. Throughout the German colonial period, the Adamawa and Lake Chad regions were governed by combining heavy military presence with indirect rule. The local Muslim rulers, called Lamido in Adamawa and Sultan in the far north, remained in power, although their influence was much more limited than during the nineteenth century, owing their legitimacy to the Germans and not to the Emir in Yola, the Caliph in Sokoto or the Shehu in Kuka. Existing political and legal institutions, together with Muslim and native law and customs, were kept intact. Contrary to British rule in Northern Nigeria, German indirect rule did not involve immediate taxes or land reforms before 1913, when such reforms were proposed but, due to the war, never implemented.

References
A Place in England

A Place in England is a novel by Melvyn Bragg, first published in 1970. It is the second part of Bragg's Cumbrian Trilogy.

The story is set predominantly in Thurston (Bragg's name for Wigton), from the 1920s to the 1960s, and follows the life of Joseph Tallentire, a labourer, footman, and eventually publican. Joseph is the son of John Tallentire, the central character of Bragg's The Hired Man, and father of Douglas Tallentire, central character of Kingdom Come.

1970 British novels
Novels by Melvyn Bragg
Novels set in Cumbria
Secker & Warburg books
Æthelwine (bishop of Durham)

Æthelwine (died ) was the last Anglo-Saxon bishop of Durham, the last who was not also a secular ruler, and the only English bishop at the time of the Norman Conquest who did not remain loyal to King William the Conqueror.

Life
Æthelwine was consecrated bishop in 1056. He was installed as bishop by Tostig, the Earl of Northumbria and was the choice of King Edward the Confessor. Æthelwine was the brother of the previous bishop, Æthelric, who had been forced to resign after a financial scandal. In 1059, Æthelwine, along with Tostig and Cynesige, the Archbishop of York, accompanied King Malcolm III of Scotland to King Edward's court, where Malcolm may have acknowledged Edward as Malcolm's overlord. Æthelwine oversaw the translation of the relics of the saint Oswine of Deira to Durham in 1065. Æthelwine, like his brother, was unpopular with the clergy of his cathedral, mainly because he was an outsider and had been installed in office without any input from the cathedral chapter. In 1065, the monks of Æthelwine's cathedral chapter were leaders in the revolt against Tostig, which was successful, although Æthelwine remained as bishop.

Æthelwine was initially loyal to King William after the Norman Conquest, and in the summer of 1068 he submitted to William at York. The submission followed on the heels of William building the first castle at York and receiving the submission of most of the northern thegns. Æthelwine also brought word from King Malcolm that the Scottish king wished to live in peace with the new English king. King William sent Æthelwine back to Malcolm's court with William's terms, which were accepted. In 1069, when the new earl of Northumbria Robert de Comines came north to begin governing, it was Æthelwine who warned the new earl about an English army loose in the area. Unfortunately, the new earl did not pay heed to the warning, and was surprised and burned to death in the bishop's house on 29 January 1069. When King William marched north in retaliation on the scorched earth campaign generally known as the Harrying of the North, Æthelwine tried to flee with many Northumbrian treasures (including the body of Saint Cuthbert) to Lindisfarne, but he was caught, outlawed, imprisoned, and later died in confinement in the winter of 1071–1072; his see being temporarily left vacant until William appointed the native of Lorraine William Walcher.

Notes

Citations

References

External links
 

1071 deaths
Bishops of Durham
11th-century English Roman Catholic bishops
Year of birth unknown
Odin-class submarine

The Odin-class submarine (or "O class") was a class of nine submarines developed and built for the Royal Navy (RN) in the 1920s. The prototype, , was followed by two boats originally ordered for the Royal Australian Navy, but transferred to the RN in 1931 because of the poor economic situation in Australia, and six modified boats ordered for the RN. Three modified boats were built for the Chilean Navy as the s in 1929.

Design
The class was built to replace the ageing L-class submarines which did not have adequate endurance for use in the Pacific Ocean. These boats were theoretically able to dive to , though none were formally tested beyond . Armament consisted of eight  torpedo tubes (6 bow, 2 stern) and one  gun. The boats were of a saddle tank type with fuel carried in riveted external tanks. These external tanks proved vulnerable to leaking after depth charge damage, thus betraying the position of the submarine. These boats were the first British submarines fitted with Asdic and VLF radio which could be used at periscope depth.

Boats

References

External links

 RN Subs 1925 - 1946: Odin Class
 Battleships-cruisers.co.uk: Odin Class
 Uboat.net

 

 
Submarine classes
Unemployment Indemnity (Shipwreck) Convention, 1920

Unemployment Indemnity (Shipwreck) Convention, 1920 is  an International Labour Organization Convention.

It was established in 1920:
Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the "supervision of articles of agreement; provision of facilities for finding employment for seamen; application to seamen of the Convention and Recommendations adopted at Washington in November last in regard to unemployment and unemployment insurance",...

Ratifications
As of 2013, the convention has been ratified by 60 states. Of the ratifying states, 45 have subsequently denounced the treaty automatically.

External links 
Text.
Ratifications and denunciations.

Unemployment
International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties concluded in 1920
Treaties entered into force in 1923
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of Belize
Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Treaties of Chile
Treaties of Colombia
Treaties of Costa Rica
Treaties of Cuba
Treaties of Dominica
Treaties of Estonia
Treaties of Fiji
Treaties of the French Third Republic
Treaties of the Weimar Republic
Treaties of Ghana
Treaties of Grenada
Treaties of the Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)
Treaties of the Irish Free State
Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Treaties of Jamaica
Treaties of Japan
Treaties of Lebanon
Treaties of Mauritius
Treaties of Mexico
Treaties of Montenegro
Treaties of New Zealand
Treaties of Nicaragua
Treaties of Nigeria
Treaties of Panama
Treaties of Papua New Guinea
Treaties of Peru
Treaties of Portugal
Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania
Treaties of Saint Lucia
Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
Treaties of Seychelles
Treaties of Sierra Leone
Treaties of Slovenia
Treaties of the Solomon Islands
Treaties of the Dominion of Ceylon
Treaties of North Macedonia
Treaties of Tunisia
Treaties of the United Kingdom
Treaties of Uruguay
Admiralty law treaties
Treaties extended to Curaçao and Dependencies
Treaties extended to the Territory of Papua and New Guinea
Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
Treaties extended to Guadeloupe
Treaties extended to French Guiana
Treaties extended to Martinique
Treaties extended to Réunion
Treaties extended to the West Indies Federation
Treaties extended to British Honduras
Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
Treaties extended to Brunei (protectorate)
Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
Treaties extended to the Colony of Fiji
Treaties extended to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate
Treaties extended to Gibraltar
Treaties extended to Guernsey
Treaties extended to British Guiana
Treaties extended to Jersey
Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Malta
Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
Treaties extended to British Mauritius
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Seychelles
Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Singapore
Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands
Treaties extended to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1920 in labor relations
O-class submarine

O-class submarine may refer to:

 
 
 
 Several early submarine classes of the Royal Netherlands Navy:
 O 1-class submarine consisting only 
 
 O 6-class submarine consisting only 
 O 7-class submarine consisting only 
 
 
 O 16-class submarine consisting only
Chromium(II) chloride

Chromium(II) chloride describes inorganic compounds with the formula CrCl2(H2O)n. The anhydrous solid is white when pure, however commercial samples are often grey or green; it is hygroscopic and readily dissolves in water to give bright blue air-sensitive solutions of the tetrahydrate Cr(H2O)4Cl2. Chromium(II) chloride has no commercial uses but is used on a laboratory-scale for the synthesis of other chromium complexes.

Synthesis
CrCl2 is produced by reducing chromium(III) chloride either with hydrogen at 500 °C:
2CrCl3 + H2 → 2CrCl2 + 2HCl
or by electrolysis.

On the laboratory scale,  LiAlH4, zinc, and related reductants produce chromous chloride from chromium(III) precursors:
4 CrCl3 + LiAlH4 → 4 CrCl2 + LiCl + AlCl3 + 2 H2
2 CrCl3 + Zn → 2 CrCl2 + ZnCl2

CrCl2 can also be prepared by treating a solution of chromium(II) acetate with hydrogen chloride: 
Cr2(OAc)4  +  4 HCl → 2 CrCl2 + 4 AcOH

Treatment of chromium powder with concentrated hydrochloric acid gives a blue hydrated chromium(II) chloride, which can be converted to a related acetonitrile complex.
Cr +  nH2O  +  2HCl  →   CrCl2(H2O)n  +  H2

Structure and properties
Anhydrous CrCl2 is white however commercial samples are often grey or green. It crystallizes in the Pnnm space group, which is an orthorhombically distorted variant of the rutile structure; making it isostructural to calcium chloride. The Cr centres are octahedral, being distorted by the Jahn-Teller Effect.

The hydrated derivative, CrCl2(H2O)4, forms monoclinic crystals with the P21/c space group. The molecular geometry is approximately octahedral consisting of four short Cr—O bonds (2.078 Å) arranged in a square planar configuration and two longer Cr—Cl bonds (2.758 Å) in a trans configuration.

Reactions
The reduction potential for Cr3+ + e− ⇄ Cr2+ is −0.41. Since the reduction potential of H+ to H2 in acidic conditions is +0.00, the chromous ion has sufficient potential to reduce acids to hydrogen, although this reaction does not occur without a catalyst.

Organic chemistry
Chromium(II) chloride is used as precursor to other inorganic and organometallic chromium complexes. Alkyl halides and nitroaromatics are reduced by CrCl2. The moderate electronegativity of chromium and the range of substrates that CrCl2 can accommodate make organochromium reagents very synthetically versatile. It is a reagent in the Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction, a useful method for preparing medium-size rings. It is also used in the Takai olefination to form vinyl iodides from aldehydes in the presence of iodoform.

References

Chromium(II) compounds
Chlorides
Metal halides
Reducing agents
Committed (Canadian TV series)

Committed is a Canadian animated sitcom based on the comic strip of the same name by Michael Fry. Produced by Nelvana and Philippine Animators Group, the series aired on CTV from March 3 to June 8, 2001, and was broadcast by WE: Women's Entertainment in the United States.

Content
The show is based on the comic strip of the same name. It features father Joe Larsen, his wife Liz, their children, Tracy, Zelda, and Nicholas; and their pet dog, Bob. The show's comedy focuses on the parents' attempts to balance their careers and personal lives while raising their children. Interludes of the cartoon feature Bob acting as a Greek chorus. Bob also breaks the fourth wall throughout the series.

The show features celebrity voice talents such as Eugene Levy as Joe Larsen, Catherine O' Hara as Liz Larsen, Andrea Martin as Frances Wilder, and Dave Foley as Bob the Dog.

Cast 
 Eugene Levy as Joe Larsen
 Catherine O'Hara as Liz Larsen
 Andrea Martin as Frances Wilder
 Dave Foley as Bob the Dog
 Annick Obonsawin as Tracy Larsen
 Charlotte Arnold as Zelda Larsen
 Cole Caplan as Nicholas Larsen
 Oscar Hsu as Gary Wong
 Ron Pardo as Cal
 Linda Kash as Val
 Len Carlson as Additional Voices
 Greg Spottiswood as Additional Voices
 Adrian Truss as Additional Voices

Episodes

Critical reception
Lynne Heffley of The Los Angeles Times gave the show a mostly-negative review, stating that "Not even the show's few moments of genuinely resonant parental reality can overcome forced plotlines".

References

External links 

 

2000s Canadian adult animated television series
2000s Canadian sitcoms
2001 Canadian television series debuts
2001 Canadian television series endings
Canadian adult animated comedy television series
Canadian animated sitcoms
English-language television shows
CTV Television Network original programming
Television series by Bell Media
Television series by Nelvana
Animated television series about dysfunctional families
Television shows based on comic strips
To-shima, Tokyo

is a village located in Ōshima Subprefecture, Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. The village comprises the whole of To-shima Island.

The island, at , is one of the smallest inhabited islands in the Izu Island chain. Approximately 330 people live on the island. Eighty per cent of the island is covered by camellia forests. From November to March, much of the island is red from the camellia flowers.  The island is also home to the Saku lily (Lilium auratum var. platyphyllum), the largest lily in the world.

The island is between Izu Ōshima, the largest of the Izu Islands, and Nii-jima. Ferries that sail to Nii-jima make a brief stop in To-shima. Toshima is also accessible (weather permitting) by helicopter departing from Ōshima island, from Ōshima airport it is a 10-minute flight to To-shima.

The main industry on To-shima is fishing. There is some small-scale farming and tourism.

Geography
, a volcanic island in the Izu Islands, is administered by the Tōkyō Metropolitan government. It lies south of Tōkyō and east of the Izu Peninsula, Shizuoka Prefecture. To-shima forms part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. The island has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of Japanese wood pigeons, Pleske's grasshopper warblers, Ijima's leaf-warblers and Izu thrushes.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Toshima has remained relatively steady in recent decades.

Education
There is a single combined elementary and junior high school, Toshima Elementary and Junior High School (利島村立利島小中学校).

For high school students may attend schools on other islands operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Board of Education.

Gallery

See also

 List of islands of Japan

Notes

References
 Teikoku's Complete Atlas of Japan, Teikoku-Shoin Co., Ltd. Tokyo 1990, 
 Saishin-Nihon-chizu 1990 - Atlas of Japan, Imidas Shueisha, Tokyo

External links

To-shima Village Official Website 

Izu Islands
Islands of Tokyo
Important Bird Areas of the Nanpo Islands
1944 Louisiana gubernatorial election

The 1944 Louisiana gubernatorial election was held in two rounds on January 18 and February 29, 1944.   Like most Southern states between the Reconstruction Era and the Civil Rights Movement, Louisiana's Republican Party was virtually nonexistent in terms of electoral support.  This meant that the two Democratic Party primaries held on these dates were the real contest over who would be governor.  The 1944 election saw the reformer ‘anti-Long’ faction retain power for another four years under Jimmie Davis.

Louisiana's constitution did not allow incumbent governor Sam Jones to succeed himself in a consecutive term.  Instead, the reformer forces endorsed Jimmie Davis, a country singer from Shreveport who was then serving as Public Service Commissioner.  Davis campaigned on a theme of "Peace and Harmony", and punctuated his campaign stops with performances of "You Are My Sunshine."

Louisiana's Longite faction desired a return to power after being defeated in 1940.  Huey Long's brother Earl had ambitions to return as governor, and began to prepare for a campaign.  But Long failed to gain the support of New Orleans mayor Robert Maestri, whose Old Regular machine was seen as an essential component of any victorious Longite candidate.  Instead, Maestri threw his support behind Lewis L. Morgan, an elderly politician from Covington whose unexciting campaign found little resonance with voters.  Long had to satisfy himself with running for Lieutenant Governor on Morgan's ticket.

Other candidates included Jimmy Morrison of Hammond, Dudley J. LeBlanc of Vermilion Parish, Vincent Moseley, State Senator Ernest S. Clements of Oberlin, the seat of Allen Parish, and Shreveport Mayor Sam Caldwell. Coming amid the grim mood of wartime, the 1944 campaign was widely seen as one of the quietest in years.

Results of First Primary 

LeBlanc and Morrison each won a handful of parishes in their respective bases in south Louisiana.  Morgan did poorly in much of the state aside from the Long stronghold of Winn Parish and the surrounding area, but the number of votes turned out for him by the Old Regulars in New Orleans propelled him into the runoff.  But Davis's popularity in north Louisiana and throughout the state's rural parishes gave him a strong lead.

Results of Second Primary 

In the second primary, Morgan maintained much of his support, but Davis was able to pick up many of the votes of candidates defeated in the first primary, particularly in south Louisiana and New Orleans.  Davis won with a comfortable majority and became governor.

Sources 
Michael L. Kurtz and Morgan D. Peoples.   Earl K. Long:  The Saga of Uncle Earl and 	Louisiana Politics, 1990.

Louisiana Secretary of State.   Compilation of Primary Election Results of the Democratic Party of the State of Louisiana, 1944.

Gubernatorial
1944
Louisiana
January 1944 events
February 1944 events
Placing of Seamen Convention, 1920

Placing of Seamen Convention, 1920 is  an International Labour Organization Convention.

It was established in 1920:

Ratifications
As of 2013, the convention had been ratified by 41 states. Of the ratifying states, 15 have subsequently denounced the convention, some by a process that automatically denounces the treaty when the same state ratifies a convention that supersedes the 1920 treaty.

References

External links 
Text.
Ratifications and denunciations.

Placing
Treaties concluded in 1920
Treaties entered into force in 1921
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Treaties of Cameroon
Treaties of Chile
Treaties of Colombia
Treaties of Cuba
Treaties of Djibouti
Treaties of Egypt
Treaties of Estonia
Treaties of the Weimar Republic
Treaties of Israel
Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Treaties of the Empire of Japan
Treaties of Lebanon
Treaties of Mexico
Treaties of Montenegro
Treaties of New Zealand
Treaties of Nicaragua
Treaties of Panama
Treaties of Peru
Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania
Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
Treaties of Slovenia
Treaties of North Macedonia
Treaties of Uruguay
Admiralty law treaties
Treaties extended to Curaçao and Dependencies
Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
Treaties extended to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1920 in labor relations
U.S. Pharmacist

The U.S. Pharmacist is a monthly magazine for pharmacists and health professionals. It is published by Jobson Publishing. In 2018 the company was acquired by WebMD. The magazine is based in Riverton, New Jersey. As of 2013 Harold Cohen was the editor-in-chief of U.S. Pharmacist.

References

External links
 

Monthly magazines published in the United States
Health magazines
Magazines with year of establishment missing
Magazines published in New Jersey
Professional and trade magazines
Kingdom Come (Bragg novel)

Kingdom Come is a novel by Melvyn Bragg, first published in 1980. It is the third part of Bragg's Cumbrian Trilogy.

The story moves from Thurston (Bragg's name for Wigton), to London and New York, some time in the 1970s, and follows a series of major disruptions in the life of Douglas Tallentire, a writer and TV producer. Douglas is the son of Joseph Tallentire, the central character of Bragg's A Place in England, and grandson of John Tallentire, central character of The Hired Man.

1980 British novels
Novels by Melvyn Bragg
Novels set in Cumbria
Novels set in London
Novels set in New York (state)
Secker & Warburg books
Novels set in the 1970s
John Perry

John Perry may refer to:

Politicians
John Perry (1845–1922), Australian politician, member for Richmond, Ballina and Byron
John Perry (1849–1935), Australian politician, member for Liverpool Plains
John Perry (Irish politician) (born 1956), Irish politician
John Perry (MP) (c. 1630–1732), English politician, MP for New Shoreham
John C. Perry (1832–1884), New York politician, and Wyoming Chief Justice
John D. Perry (born c. 1935), New York state senator
John H. Perry (1848–1928), American lawyer, judge and politician
John J. Perry (1811–1897), U.S. Representative from Maine
John R. Perry (judge) (born 1954), Wyoming judge and politician

Sportspeople
John Perry (footballer) (born 1945), Australian football player
Pete Perry (basketball) (John Perry, born 1948), American basketball player
John Perry (American football, born 1950), American football coach
John Perry (American football, born 1969), American football coach
Johnny Perry (1972–2002), American strongman competitor

Others
John Perry (musician) (born 1952), English musician, guitarist with The Only Ones
John G. Perry (born 1947), English bass guitarist with Quantum Jump
John Perry (philosopher) (born 1943), American philosopher
John Bennett Perry (born 1941), American actor
John Perry (bishop) (born 1935), Anglican Bishop of Southampton and Chelmsford
John Curtis Perry (born 1930), East Asian and Oceanic studies professor
John R. Perry (1899–1955), U.S. Rear Admiral, Pacific Fleet, World War II
John Perry (engineer) (1850–1920), Irish engineer
John Perry (judge) (1937–2007), on List of judges of the Supreme Court of South Australia
John Perry (shipbuilder) (1743–1810), British ship builder
John Perry (priest) (1920–2017), Archdeacon of Middlesex
John Perry, English singer, member of Grapefruit and Tony Rivers and the Castaways
John Perry, playwright who collaborated with M. J. Farrell
John Perry, the protagonist in the novel Old Man's War by John Scalzi

See also
Jack Perry (disambiguation)
John Parry (disambiguation)
Consummation (The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra album)

Consummation is an album by the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra. It was released in 1970 on Blue Note Records and re-released in 2002. It was recorded at A&R Studios in New York City.  The album was nominated for a 1970 Grammy award in the "Best Jazz Performance - Large Group..." category.  All tracks were included in Mosaic's limited edition boxed set, The Complete Solid State Recordings of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra.

Reception
Richard Cook and Brian Morton gave Consummation a four-star review in The Penguin Guide to Jazz, and included it in the book's Core Collection.  Cook and Morton described the recording as "one of the best big-band records of its day and some kind of proof that the bands weren't completely dead."

Track listing 
All compositions and arrangements are by Thad Jones.
LP side A:
"Dedication" – 5:13
"It Only Happens Every Time" – 3:07
"Tiptoe" – 6:42
"A Child Is Born" – 4:09
"Us" –  3:37
LP side B:
"Ahunk Ahunk" –  7:57
"Fingers" – 10:38
"Consummation" – 5:09

Personnel 
Thad Jones – flugelhorn
Snooky Young – trumpet
Danny Moore – trumpet
Al Porcino – trumpet
Marvin Stamm – trumpet
Eddie Bert – trombone
Benny Powell – trombone
Jimmy Knepper – trombone
Cliff Heather – bass trombone
Jerome Richardson – soprano saxophone, alto saxophone, flute, alto flute
Jerry Dodgion – alto saxophone, clarinet, flute, alto flute
Billy Harper – tenor saxophone, flute
Eddie Daniels – tenor saxophone, clarinet, flute
Richie Kamuca – baritone saxophone (tracks A1, 2, 3, 5, B3), clarinet
Pepper Adams –  baritone saxophone (tracks A4, B1)
Joe Farrell  – baritone saxophone (track B2)
Roland Hanna – acoustic piano, electric piano
Richard Davis – acoustic bass, electric bass
Mel Lewis – drums
Jimmy Buffington - French horn, tracks A1, B3
Earl Chapin - French horn, tracks A1, B3
Dick Berg - French horn, tracks A1, B3
Julius Watkins - French horn, tracks A1, B3
Howard Johnson - tuba, tracks A1, B3
David Spinozza - guitar, tracks A5, B1

References

Blue Note (U.S.) BST 84346
Solid State (Japan) SR 3110
 Consummation at discogs.com

Blue Note Records albums
The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra albums
1970 albums
Solid State Records (jazz label) albums
Albums produced by Sonny Lester
Cumbrian Trilogy

The Cumbrian Trilogy comprises three novels by Melvyn Bragg, published between 1969 and 1980.

The story is set predominantly in Thurston (Bragg's name for Wigton), from the 1920s to the 1970s, and follows the lives of John Tallentire, his son Joseph, and his grandson Douglas. These three characters are central to the novels The Hired Man, A Place in England, and Kingdom Come, respectively.

As the family saga unfolds, Bragg sets the constant family characteristics of the protagonists against the flow of historical change.

List of Books in Series
 The Hired Man (1969)
 A Place in England (1970)
 Kingdom Come (1980)

References

Novel sequences
Books by Melvyn Bragg
Hesperus (ensemble)

Hesperus is an early music and traditional music ensemble. It was founded by Scott Reiss and Tina Chancey in 1979 to play early European music, American traditional music and crossover fusions of the two, as well as British and Spanish Colonial music. It currently specializes in early music scores to 1920s silent films such as The Mark of Zorro (Spanish Colonial music), Robin Hood (English renaissance music), The Hunchback of Notre Dame (French medieval music), The Golem (Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jewish music), Nosferatu (German medieval and renaissance music), The General (music from the American Civil War) and The Three Musketeers (French renaissance and traditional music.

History
From 1989 to 1996, Hesperus was a resident ensemble at the National Museum of American History. Music from their album Early American Roots are part of the sound track for the 1999 film Sleepy Hollow. In concert tours sponsored by the United States Information Agency, Hesperus performed in Brunei, Indonesia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and Panama, as well as touring to Bolivia, Germany and Italy.

Discography
Crossing Over (1988)
Neo-Medieval (1997)
Unicorn (1997)
Early American Roots (1997)
Luminous Spirit: Chants of Hildegard von Bingen (1998)
I Love Lucette (1998)
Celtic Roots (1999)
Spain in the New World (1999)
Baroque Recorder Concerit (1999)
Patchwork (2000)
Dancing Day (2000)
The Food of Love (2001)
My Thing is My Own (2001)
Colonial America (2003)
An Early American Quilt (2007)

External links
Official site

American folk musical groups
Musical groups established in 1979
1979 establishments in Virginia
Musical groups from Virginia
Freccia-class destroyer

The Freccia-class destroyer was a class of destroyers built for the  (Royal Italian Navy) in the 1930s. Four modified ships were built and delivered in 1933 for Greece.

Ships

Italian Navy
 
Built by Odero, Sestri Ponente
launched 6 September 1930, completed 25 January 1932 
Captured by the Germans and renamed TA31. Scuttled on 24 April 1945.
  
Built by CT Riva Trigioso
launched 3 August 1930, completed 21 October 1931
In the Spanish Civil War, on 15 August 1937, she shelled, torpedoed and disabled the Panamanian tanker George McKnight off Tunis.
Sunk on 8 August 1943 off Genoa by bombing.
  
Built by CT Riva Trigioso
launched 17 January 1932, completed 10 May 1932
In the Spanish Civil War, on 11 August 1937, she torpedoed and sank the Spanish Republican tanker Campeador in the strait of Sicily.
Sunk by a mine on 3 February 1943 with the loss of 170 men including Lt. Cdr. Enea Picchio, the commanding officer, while 39 men survived.
  
Built by Odero, Sestri Ponente
launched 26 March 1931, completed 6 February 1932 
Rammed and sank UK submarine  on 14 June 1940. Beached herself on 21 June 1942 near Cape Bon and was finished off by torpedoes from the submarine .

Hellenic Navy
The Greek Navy ordered four destroyers from Italy in 1929 to a modified design as the Kountouriotis class. The chief difference with the Italian ships was the substitution of four single 120 mm guns (Ansaldo Model 1926) for the twin turrets used in the Italian Navy ships.

Built by Odero, Sestri Ponente
launched 21 October 1931, commissioned November 1932
Sunk by German aircraft, 22 April 1941.

Built by Odero, Sestri Ponente
commissioned May 1933
Served in World War II, decommissioned in 1946, Scrapped 1947.

Built by Odero, Sestri Ponente
commissioned May 1933 
Sunk by German aircraft, 20 April 1941.

Built by Odero, Sestri Ponente
launched 29 August 1931, commissioned November 1932
Served in World War II, decommissioned and scrapped in 1946.

The two surviving ships, Spetsai and Kountouriotis, served in the Eastern Mediterranean as part of the Free Greek Navy until late 1943. They were then laid up at Port Said, Egypt for want of Italian spare parts, and because their crews were needed for new ships built in the UK for the Free Greek Navy.

Notes

Bibliography

External links
 Freccia (1930)  Marina Militare website

Destroyer classes
List of MyNetworkTV affiliates

MyNetworkTV is an American television programming service made up of 11 owned-and-operated stations controlled by the Fox Television Stations division of Fox Corporation and 186 affiliates. As of November 1, 2022, twenty-five media markets lack their own in-market over-the-air MyNetworkTV affiliate, with twelve media markets served by nearby affiliates outside their market through cable and satellite services.

 A blue background indicates an affiliate originating as a digital subchannel.
 A gray background indicates a low-power station or translator.
 A lavender blue background indicates an affiliate originating as a digital subchannel of a low-power station.
 An orange background indicates a station transmitting in the ATSC 3.0 format.

Owned-and-operated stations 
Stations are listed in alphabetical order by state and city of license. Owned-and-operated stations broadcasting on digital subchannels are italicized.

Affiliate stations

Current affiliates

Notes

Operational agreements

Primary and secondary affiliations

Miscellany

References

External links
Press release announcing network
Official MNTV local affiliate list

Corporation-related lists
Lists of American television network affiliates
Monteith Hall

Monteith Hall can refer to:
 Monteith Hall (Elyria, Ohio), on the National Register of Historic Places
 Monteith Hall, Virginia Tech campus

Architectural disambiguation pages
Yungay

Yungay may refer to the following places:

Chile
Yungay, Chile, a town in the Ñuble Region
Barrio Yungay, a neighborhood of Santiago, Chile
Yungay, the driest place on earth, in Antofagasta Region

Peru
Yungay, Peru
Yungay District
Yungay Province
Cecina

Cecina may refer to:

 Cecina (meat), a Spanish and Mexican culinary specialty made of beef
 Cecina (gastropod), a genus of freshwater snails in the family Pomatiopsidae
 Cecina, Tuscany, Italy
 Caecinia gens, an ancient Roman family
 Farinata, a Tuscan culinary specialty made of chickpea flour

See also
 Caecina (disambiguation)
 Čečina (disambiguation)
Colina

Colina (which means "hill" in Spanish and Portuguese) may refer to:

Places
Colina, São Paulo, Brazil
Colina, Chile
Colina (Madrid), a ward in Madrid, Spain
Colina, a village in Murighiol Commune, Tulcea County, Romania

People
Alejandro Colina (1901–1976), Venezuelan sculptor
Alvin Colina (born 1981), Venezuelan baseball player
Josip Colina (born 1980), Bosnian-Swiss footballer
Braulio Carrillo Colina (1800–1845), Costa Rican head of state in the 19th century
Mirco Colina (born 1990), Curaçaoan footballer
Simón Colina (born 1995), Spanish footballer

Other uses 
Colina (gastropod), a genus of sea snails
Grupo Colina, Peruvian paramilitary death squad
Comando de Libertação Nacional (Colina, ,), defunct Brazilian leftist group

See also 
 Collina (disambiguation)
New Zealand top 50 albums of 2001

This is the list of the top 50 albums of 2001 in New Zealand.

Chart

Key
 – Album of New Zealand origin

External links
 The Official NZ Music Chart, RIANZ website

Top 50 Albums
New Zealand Top 50 Albums
Albums 2001
James Manson (Australian footballer)

James Manson (born 2 November 1966) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the VFL/AFL for Collingwood and Fitzroy.

From North Hobart Football Club in Tasmania, Manson provided some great assets to a fighting Collingwood Magpies. Manson stood at 194 cm and was solidly built (108 kg) with a great overhead mark. He however had a very awkward kicking style, with the action very different from most footballers, as he overlooked the ball with a cramped style as he dropped it on the boot. He did however kick over 100 goals with the Magpies. Manson was part of the 1990 premiership side, and had a key role in the finals series. Manson played as a ruckman who moved forward, or the other way around. With young ruckman Damian Monkhorst also at Victoria Park, Manson struggled to maintain his position in the team later in his career as 'Monkey' developed each season. Manson was then traded to Fitzroy where he played for three seasons before retiring.

Manson's father Jim played 210 games for Glenorchy Football Club.

References

External links 

1966 births
Living people
Collingwood Football Club players
Collingwood Football Club premiership players
Fitzroy Football Club players
North Hobart Football Club players
Tasmanian State of Origin players
Australian rules footballers from Tasmania
Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame inductees
VFL/AFL premiership players
Gene (novel)

Gene is a thriller novel by Stel Pavlou (born 1970), published in 2005 in England by Simon & Schuster. It is published in several languages with some title changes. The Italian edition has the title La Cospirazione del Minotauro (The Minotaur Conspiracy). The novel is about a fictional New York detective, James North, who in the process of hunting down a criminal, uncovers a genetics experiment to unlock past lives through genetic memory, therefore achieving a kind of immortality. In so doing North discovers his own origins, that of a soldier from the Trojan War who is reincarnated seven times through history, forced to confront his nemesis each time, all for the loss of his one true love.

Characters

Cyclades (born circa 1300 BC)

Incarnations of Cyclades
 Detective James North (2004 AD)
 Eugene Dybbuk (2004 AD)
 Aquilo (75 AD)
 Aisha (2004)
 William Porter (2004)

Athanatos (born circa 1500 BC)

Incarnations of Athanatos
 Detective James North (2004 AD)
 Eugene Dybbuk (2004 AD)
 Savage (2004 AD)

Detective Martinez

Cassandra Dybbuk

Doctor Shepherd

Plot summary

In dealing with genetic memory, Pavlou has drawn on both the nature of lineage, and the nature of self. Several characters all stem from the same source, and so as their memories become unlocked during the course of the novel, they each identify with being the same person at a distant point in history. The question of identity then becomes fundamental to the plot. If each character shares the same memories are they a reincarnation of that original person, or merely an echo?

The novel is further complicated in that it is told backwards, using a Police procedural as the structure of the novel, memories are unlocked in the form of flashbacks, each flashback delving further and further back in time over the course of 3000 years.

Told in alternating first person and third person, the novel is divided into a prologue and seven "books", the seven trials of Cyclades.

The opening page begins with the first 27 lines of the Human Genome. Thereafter the prologue lays out the death of Cyclades during the Trojan War, and makes it clear that his death is merely the beginning of the journey. Told in first person, Cyclades, a Greek warrior, is mortally wounded. A Sybil forces him to have sex to continue his line, whereupon he dies for the first time in the book.

Book One, shifts to third person and jumps to the year 2004. In New York City Detective James North has been called to the Metropolitan Museum of Art to deal with a mentally unstable man who has run amok amid the exhibits.

Critical reception
Gene has been listed in the Daily Mirror's Top 10 books to look out for in 2005.

References 

2005 British novels
British thriller novels
Novels set during the Trojan War
Billy Nayer Show

Billy Nayer Show is a New York based musical group of questionable genre. The band consists of lead singer and songwriter Cory McAbee, drummer Bobby Lurie and bassist Frank Howard Swart .

Discography
Meet the Bunny King (1990)
Married to the Sea (1993)
The Billy Nayer Show (1994)
Must Be Santa (1995)
The Ketchup & Mustard Man (1995)
The Villain That Love Built (1998)
Return to Brigadoon (1999)
The American Astronaut Soundtrack (2002)
Goodbye Straplight Sarentino, I Will Miss You (2003)
Rabbit (2004)
BNS Presents The Billy Nayer Show (2010)

Films

Billy Nayer (1993) 
This short film is a scene from a bar, with a man being asked to sing a quick song by his sweetheart.  Approximately 2 minutes.

The Billy Nayer Chronicles (1993)

The Man On The Moon (1994) 
This piece recounts an entire year of a man's life who has exiled himself to the moon and sends transmissions back to earth.  Approximately 20 minutes.

The Ketchup & Mustard Man (1995)
This work has no real plot, it is more a loose collection of songs and jokes.  Approximately 25 minutes.

The American Astronaut (2001)
The first full-length motion picture written, starring and directed by Cory McAbee.  The Billy Nayer Show has writing or performance credits for most, if not all, of the music in the movie.

The Billy Nayer Show:  The Early Years (2003)
Includes the above-mentioned "Billy Nayer", "The Man On The Moon" and "The Ketchup and Mustard Man".  Also includes rarities, "Must be Santa" and "The Explanation" and some live footage.

Stingray Sam (2009)
Stingray Sam is a six-episode musical-western mini-series that takes place in outer space.  A dangerous mission reunites Stingray Sam with his long lost accomplice, The Quasar Kid. The story follows the two space convicts as they earn their freedom in exchange for the rescue of a young girl who is being held captive by the genetically designed figurehead of a very wealthy planet.  Running time 61 minutes. All members of the Billy Nayer Show have a (shorter or longer) role in the movie.

Crazy & Thief (2012)

External links

Official Links 

https://www.facebook.com/thebillynayershow/

Reference Links

Musical groups from New York (state)
Stilwell Hall

Stilwell Hall was an immense,  building that stood on a precipice at the edge of the Pacific on the west side of California Highway 1 at Monterey Bay, California, just across from the former Fort Ord military installation.

The building was constructed between November 1940 and September 1943 under the initiative of General Joseph W. Stilwell.  It served as a recreational facility for military members for just over fifty years before Fort Ord was closed in 1994.  Abandoned, Stilwell Hall fell into disrepair and was torn down in 2003 after severe coastal erosion threatened to cause the structure, filled with asbestos and lead-paint, to collapse into the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary.

References

External links
Fort Ord Landmark Comes Tumbling Down By Victoria Manley

Buildings and structures in Monterey County, California
Demolished buildings and structures in California
Buildings and structures demolished in 2003