alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Harry Kitten and Tucker Mouse

Harry Kitten and Tucker Mouse is a children's book written by George Selden and illustrated by Garth Williams. It is the prequel to The Cricket in Times Square. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, originally published the book in 1986.

Plot
The book tells the story of the young mouse who becomes Tucker, and the kitten who becomes Harry, the two friends of Chester Cricket in The Cricket in Times Square.

Tucker, we learn, was born in a box of Kleenexes and other odds and ends on Tenth Avenue, and fled his nest at a young age to avoid sanitation workers. He takes his name from "Merry Tucker's Home-Baked Goods", a bakery on Tenth Avenue. He meets Harry Kitten, who took his name from two children he heard talking. One said "Harry-you're a character!" and the kitten decided he too wanted to be a character.

The two become friends and search New York City for a home of their own.  Their wanderings take them to the basement of the Empire State Building and to Gramercy Park, among other places.  Eventually, they settle down in a disused drain pipe in the Times Square subway station.

Reception
Kirkus Reviews found that "The generously ample, well-designed format makes an appropriate backdrop for Williams' vigorously comic re-creations of these new antics of old favorites."  while Publishers Weekly saw that "the characters of these quintessential New Yorkers are as vibrant and joyful as they ever were,"

References

1986 American novels
American children's novels
Novels set in New York City
Prequel novels
Children's novels about cats
1986 children's books
Children's books set in New York City
Children's novels about mice and rats
Wildwood Canyon

Wildwood Canyon is a canyon and California state park in the eastern foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains, within San Bernardino County, southern California.

It is located near the city of Yucaipa, in the Inland Empire region. It is surrounded by the San Bernardino National Forest on the eastern and northern sides.

History
The indigenous Cahuilla were traditionally active in the area of Wildwood Canyon, as were the Serrano and Tongva. The area near Yucaipa was known as a crossroads for traveling indigenous people.

Historic buildings remain in the park from the 1930s Hi Up House ranch and 1940s Hunt Ranch eras.

After a flood threatened developers' housing subdivision plans, the California Department of Parks and Recreation acquired  in the canyon. In May 2003 a park dedication ceremony was held at Wildwood Canyon.

Wildwood Canyon State Park
Wildwood Canyon State Park is currently open only for day use, from sunrise to sunset. The primary activities are horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking.

The canyon lies between the San Andreas Fault on the north and the San Jacinto Fault to the south.

Wildwood Canyon hosts diverse wildlife. Birds commonly seen include the California quail, western meadowlark, towhee, phainopepla, red-tailed hawk, Bewicks wren, Bullocks oriole, and white-tailed kite.  Bobcats, black bears, and gray foxes can be found in the park. Mountain lions use the canyon as a wildlife corridor. The San Diego pocket mouse, a threatened species due to declining to habitat loss, is found in the canyon.

The dominant plant communities are grasslands in most open areas, and chaparral and sage scrub on the slopes. Dominant chaparral plants include chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), scrub oak (Quercus berberidifolia), California lilacs (Ceanothus), black sage (Salvia mellifera),
buckwheats, monkey flowers, Our Lord's candle (Hesperoyucca whipplei), and silk tassel bush (Garrya).

Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and California sycamore (Platanus racemosa) woodlands are found along drainages and in the canyons.

See also
 California chaparral and woodlands

References

External links 
Parks.ca.gov: official Wildwood Canyon website
 Yucaipa.org: Wildwood Canyon State Park — with trails map.

Canyons and gorges of California
Landforms of San Bernardino County, California
Protected areas of San Bernardino County, California
San Bernardino Mountains
State parks of California
Yucaipa, California
Stierop

Stierop is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Castricum, and lies about 9 km south of Alkmaar. Until 1 January 2002, Stierop belonged to the municipality of Akersloot.

Stierop has about 20 inhabitants.

References

Populated places in North Holland
Barmera

Barmera ( ) is a town in the Riverland region of South Australia. It is on the Sturt Highway A20, 220 kilometres north-east of Adelaide, the capital of the state of South Australia. It is primarily an agricultural and viticultural town and is located on Lake Bonney Riverland, a freshwater lake. The population was 1,914 in 2011.

History
The original inhabitants were the Barmerara Meru clan of the Ngawadj people. It is not known where the name "Barmera" comes from but it is suspected that it means "water place" or "land dwellers", being a word from the local Aboriginal group. Others postulate it comes from Barmeedjie, the name of the tribe that lived to the north of the Murray River prior to European settlement.

Lake Bonney was first seen by Charles Bonney and Joseph Hawdon in 1838 drove cattle along the Murray River. The land however, was settled in 1859 with the establishment of Overland Corner Hotel. It was a popular area with drovers that drove sheep from New South Wales into South Australia. A police station was also built to prevent and stop arguments between the aboriginal people and settlers.

An irrigation system was established in the town in 1921. The town became gazetted. An influx of World War I veterans settled with promises of irrigated land from the government. A railway station was opened in 1928 and the town was proclaimed in the same year. In World War II an internment camp was established south of Barmera in Loveday and was one of the largest World War II camps in Australia.

Heritage listings

Barmera has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

 2-4 Barwell Avenue: Bonney Theatre
 2 Fowles Street: Barmera Irrigation Office
 North Lake Road: Napper's Accommodation House Ruins

Climate and geography
Barmera exists in a semi-arid location, north of Goyder's Line. Barmera is surrounded by mallee scrub. It is 29 metres above sea level. Barmera has a dry climate with hot summers and warm days and cold frosty nights in winter with seasonal temperatures a few degrees above Adelaide's temperatures and similar to those of Berri. The weather patterns are similar to those of Berri. It receives less than 250 mm of rain per annum. Rain patterns shift from year to year over a nineteen-year cycle.

Floods in 2022.

Present day

Lake Bonney has sandy beaches, a jetty, fishing and sailing. Every Easter, a sailing regatta is held on Lake Bonney and a country music festival is held every June. Riverland Field Days are held in September a Show is held in March. The town is home to the sporting teams Barmera/Monash Roos Football Club and the Barmera United Soccer Club.

Barmera is in the Berri Barmera Council local government area, the South Australian House of Assembly electoral district of Chaffey and the Australian House of Representatives Division of Barker.

See also
 Murray River Crossings

References

External links

Murray River Towns – Barmera

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-12-05/sa-woman-builds-own-flood-levee-is-not-entitled-to-assistance/101732922

Towns in South Australia
Australian soldier settlements
Riverland
1859 establishments in Australia
Viktor Kosichkin

Viktor Ivanovich Kosichkin (; 25 February 1938 – 30 March 2012) was a speed skater who competed for the Soviet Union.

Kosichkin trained at Dynamo. He participated in the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley. On the 5000 m, held on his 22nd birthday, he won gold, while the silver medal went to his major rival, Knut Johannesen. On the 10000 m two days later, the roles were reversed, with Johannesen winning gold and Kosichkin silver.

The next year (1961), Kosichkin became Soviet and European Allround Champion, while winning silver at the World Allround Championships (behind Henk van der Grift). In 1962 he was not selected to be on the Soviet team for the European Championships and he damaged his skates in anger. His friend Yevgeny Grishin gave him an old pair of skates and Kosichkin became World Champion on these.

1963 was not a good year for Kosichkin, winning no major medals and finishing only 15th at the Soviet Allround Championships. In 1964, he once more won silver behind Johannesen at the World Allround Championships. He also participated in the 5000 m and the 10000 m at the 1964 Winter Olympics of Innsbruck, but he did not win any medals.

He was Soviet Champion on the 5000 m in 1958, 1960, 1961 and 1962, and on the 10000 m in 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964 and 1965. Kosichkin's highest ranking on the Adelskalender, the all-time allround speed skating ranking, was a third place.

Medals
An overview of medals won by Kosichkin at important championships, listing the years in which he won each:

External links
Viktor Kosichkin at SkateResults.com
Legends of Soviet Sport: Viktor Kosichkin
Viktor Kosichkin's obituary

1938 births
2012 deaths
People from Rybnovsky District
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Dynamo Sports Club sportspeople
Medalists at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic medalists in speed skating
Olympic silver medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic speed skaters for the Soviet Union
Speed skaters at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1964 Winter Olympics
World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists
Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Russian male speed skaters
Soviet colonels
Soviet male speed skaters
Burials in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery
Steve Shaw (actor)

Steve Shaw (February 19, 1965 – December 5, 1990) was an American actor best known for playing Eric Fairgate in the television drama series Knots Landing.

Life and career
One of Shaw's earliest acting appearances was on episode 22 of the third season of Little House on the Prairie entitled "Gold Country," as Sam Delano, the son of an Italian couple mining for gold. He made another appearance on Little House on the Prairie in a Season 5 episode entitled "The Odyssey" in which he played a character named Dylan Whittaker who has been diagnosed with terminal leukemia and wishes to see the Pacific Ocean before he dies. He also appeared in two episodes of The Waltons in 1978 as George Simmons. Also in 1978, he played Alexander Armsworth in the weekly Disney TV movie Child of Glass. Shaw then appeared regularly in Knots Landing from 1979 to 1987, and thereafter made occasional return appearances until 1990.

Death
Shaw died on December 5, 1990, in a head-on traffic collision with a truck in Los Angeles. He was survived by his mother and grandparents; his father had died six months previously of a heart attack.

Filmography

References

External links
 
 

1965 births
American male television actors
American male child actors
Road incident deaths in California
1990 deaths
20th-century American male actors
Burials at Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery
Male actors from St. Louis
Kibi no Makibi

was a Japanese scholar and noble during the Nara period. Also known as .

Early life
Kibi no Makibi was born in Shimotsumichi County, Bitchu Province (present-day Kurashiki, Okayama Prefecture) as Shimotsumichi-no Asomi Makibi, as a son of Shimotsumichi-no Asomi Kunikatsu. Shimotsumichi clan was a line of local elites and came from the greater . Kibi was also the ancient name of area he came from (Kibi Province), which encompassed Bitchu, Bizen, Bingo and Mimasaka Provinces.

Career
In 717-718, Kibi was part of the Japanese mission to Tang China (Kentōshi) with Abe no Nakamaro and Genbō. Kibi stayed in China for 17 years before returning to Japan. He is credited with bringing back a number of things, introducing to Japan the game of go and the art of embroidery.

In 737, he received promotion to the junior fifth rank. His influence at court triggered the Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion of 740. In 751, at the senior fourth rank (upper grade), he received an appointment as vice-ambassador to the T'ang Dynasty and traveled to China the following year, returning to Japan in 753. 

Kibi spent some years in Kyūshū as the assistant administrator of Dazaifu (the principal governmental post on the island); he returned to Nara.

In 764, he was made head of the project to construct Tōdai-ji. Promotion to the junior third rank followed.

He was appointed to head an army to put down the uprising by Fujiwara no Nakamaro. Reaching the second rank in 765, he took the offices of Major Councillor, then Minister of the Right. In 770, he supported a losing candidate for the throne and submitted his resignation from office. The court accepted only his resignation from military office and retained him as Minister of the Right. He finally resigned in 771, devoting himself to the study of Confucian principles and their applications in Japanese administration. Kibi died in 775 at the age of 80.

Kibi has sometimes been credited with inventing the katakana phonetic syllabary and writing system.

A late 12th century narrative handscroll in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston depicting Kibi's journey to China is one of the earliest of all Japanese narrative pictorial handscrolls (e-maki) known. It is believed to have been commissioned to help support the prestige of a school of divination that claimed connections to Kibi. Its purchase by the museum in 1932 directly led to the strengthening of Japanese laws against the removal of cultural properties of particular importance from the country.

See also
 Japanese missions to Imperial China
 Japanese missions to Tang China

Notes

References
Papinot, Edmond (1910). Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.
Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan (1995). Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd.

External links

Minister Kibi's Trip to China handscroll at MFA.org

695 births
775 deaths
Kuge
People from Kurashiki
Japanese Confucianists
People of Asuka-period Japan
People of Nara-period Japan
People from Dazaifu, Fukuoka
Japanese ambassadors to the Tang dynasty
Onmyōji
Deified Japanese people
Kibi clan
Triangles of the neck

Anatomists use the term triangles of the neck to describe the divisions created by the major muscles in the region.

The side of the neck presents a somewhat quadrilateral outline, limited, above, by the lower border of the body of the mandible, and an imaginary line extending from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process; below, by the upper border of the clavicle; in front, by the middle line of the neck; behind, by the anterior margin of the trapezius.

This space is subdivided into two large triangles by sternocleidomastoid, which passes obliquely across the neck, from the sternum and clavicle below, to the mastoid process and occipital bone above.

The triangular space in front of this muscle is called the anterior triangle of the neck; and that behind it, the posterior triangle of the neck.

The anterior triangle is further divided into muscular, carotid, submandibular and submental and the posterior into occipital and subclavian triangles.

Clinical relevance
The use of the divisions described as the triangles of the neck permit the effective communication of the location of palpable masses located in the neck between healthcare professionals.

The common swellings anterior of the midline are:
Enlarged submental lymph nodes and sublingual dermoid in the submental region.
Thyroglossal cyst and inflamed subhyoid bursa just below the hyoid bone.
Goitre, carcinoma of larynx and enlarged lymph nodes in the suprasternal region.

Additional images

References

External links
 

 
Human head and neck
Emeryville Crescent State Marine Reserve

Emeryville Crescent State Marine Reserve is a marine reserve of California, United States, preserving marshland on the east shore of San Francisco Bay.  It is managed as part of Eastshore State Park by the East Bay Regional Park District. The  marsh stretches from the eastern approach of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge in Oakland to the foot of Powell Street in Emeryville. The reserve encompasses the entire Emeryville Crescent Marsh and is named as such for its crescent shape.  It was established in 1985.

Temescal Creek drains into the marshes near the Emeryville–Oakland border on the eastern midpoint of the marshlands. The wetlands are made up of native species of pickleweed, and are currently being threatened by Spartina, a non-native invasive species of Cordgrass. It has invaded  or 2.5% of the wetlands. There is an active abatement program consisting of aquatic herbicides.

The park is often used as a recreational area by local fishers and dog-walkers. The reserve is also noted for various problem areas such as unauthorized camping, petty littering, and dumping large articles of garbage such as TVs and refrigerators.

See also
List of California state parks

References

External links
Emeryville Crescent State Marine Reserve

1985 establishments in California
Emeryville, California
Marine reserves of the United States
Protected areas established in 1985
Protected areas of Alameda County, California
Protected areas of Contra Costa County, California
State parks of California
Wetlands of the San Francisco Bay Area
Landforms of Alameda County, California
Landforms of Contra Costa County, California
Marshes of California
Mr. Smith (TV series)

Mr. Smith is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from September 23 through December 16, 1983. The title character was a talking orangutan. Mr. Smith was canceled after thirteen episodes had been aired.

The orangutan who played Mr. Smith had previously been featured in the 1978 film Every Which Way But Loose and its 1980 sequel Any Which Way You Can.

Synopsis
Originally a part of a traveling act called the Atwood Orangutans, Cha Cha and Bobo are separated from their trainer Tommy Atwood (Tim Dunigan) after he is knocked unconscious in a car accident while the act is traveling from Arizona to California. Frightened by the commotion caused by the accident, Cha Cha and Bobo both run away. Cha Cha is eventually found and sent to a government research center in Washington, D.C.. Weeks later, Cha Cha escapes from the center and ends up in a research lab where he finds an experimental mixture to increase human intelligence being developed. After drinking the mixture, Cha Cha is able to talk (his voice was provided by series executive producer Ed. Weinberger) and is later determined to have an I.Q of 256. He is then renamed Mr. Smith and, due to his high intelligence, becomes a political adviser. Mr. Smith's old trainer Tommy later becomes his assistant while Mr. Smith attempts to solve various political problems and his surrounding staff, which includes his secretary Raymond Holyoke (Leonard Frey), attempt to keep his identity hidden from the general public.

Mr. Smith's premiere episode brought in a weak 12.1/22 rating/share and ranked 47th out of 57 shows that week  and was panned by critics. Viewership decreased as the season progressed and the series was canceled (along with seven other NBC series) in December 1983.

Cast
 Leonard Frey as Raymond Holyoke
 Tim Dunigan as Tommy Atwood
 Terri Garber as Dr. July Tyson
 Laura Jacoby as Ellie Atwood
 Stuart Margolin as Dr. Klein

US television ratings

Episode list

Awards and nominations

References

External links
 

1983 American television series debuts
1983 American television series endings
1980s American sitcoms
American fantasy comedy television series
NBC original programming
Television shows about apes
Television series by CBS Studios
English-language television shows
Television shows set in California
Olive Pink Botanic Garden

Olive Pink Botanic Garden is a  botanic garden in Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia, specialising in plants native to the arid central Australian region.

History

The 16 ha area that is now Olive Pink Botanic Garden was gazetted in 1956 as the Australian Arid Regions Flora Reserve after intense lobbying by the garden's founder, and first honorary curator, Olive Muriel Pink.

The garden is part of a substantial area of contiguous Crown Land that extends east from the Todd River on the southern edge of Alice Springs' central business district. Prior to 1956, the land was unoccupied and grazed variously by feral goat, rabbit, and cattle populations, such that the vegetation on the floodplain was substantially modified and devoid of tree and shrub cover when Pink took up occupancy there in 1956.

Pink, with her Warlpiri assistant gardeners, spent the next two decades battling drought conditions and almost non-existent operational funding to develop her vision for the reserve. Together they planted a somewhat eclectic collection of trees and shrubs native to the central Australian region as well as various cacti, garden flowers, and introduced trees around Home Hut that could withstand the harsh summers. This beautiful garden is located in the mid of Alice Springs, famous for its native plants, and many species of animals.

After Pink's death in 1975, the Northern Territory Government assumed control of the reserve and set about fulfilling Miss Pink's vision of a public area for the appreciation of native flora. During the next decade networks of walking tracks were put in place, the visitor centre built, extensive plantings of mulga, red gums and various other tree species established, a waterhole and sand dune habitat created, and an interpretive display installed.

The garden opened to the public in 1985 as the Olive Pink Flora Reserve, and was renamed Olive Pink Botanic Garden in 1996. The garden is managed by a voluntary board of trustees which has employed a succession of curators to manage the expanding plantings and visitors' experience of the reserve.

Olive Pink Botanic Garden was listed on the Register of the National Estate on 30 May 1995, and on the Northern Territory Heritage Register on 18 March 2009, because of its strong links to Miss Olive Pink, anthropologist, campaigner for Aboriginal social justice, artist and visionary gardener.

The garden was inspiration for Anne Boyd's orchestral composition Olive Pink's Garden (2017). Boyd's 2022 opera, Olive Pink, was premiered in the garden.

References

External links
 

Botanical gardens in Australia
Tourist attractions in Alice Springs
1956 establishments in Australia
Gardens in the Northern Territory
Northern Territory places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate
Northern Territory Heritage Register
Garelochhead railway station

Garelochhead railway station () is a railway station serving the village of Garelochhead, on the Gare Loch, in Scotland. This station is on the West Highland Line and is a boundary station for SPT. It is sited  from Craigendoran Junction, near Helensburgh, between Arrochar and Tarbet and Helensburgh Upper. ScotRail manage the station and operate most services, with others provided by Caledonian Sleeper.

History 

This station opened to passengers on 7 August 1894.

The station was laid out with a crossing loop and an island platform. There were sidings on both sides, and a turntable on the west side of the line.

The station was host to a LNER camping coach from 1935 to 1939. A camping coach was also positioned here by the Scottish Region from 1964 to 1967.

Until the 1960s, the station was served by a local shuttle service between Craigendoran and  in addition to main line trains to Fort William and Mallaig. Latterly operated by a Wickham diesel railbus, it fell victim to the Beeching Axe in June 1964.

Facilities 
The island platform is equipped with benches, a help point, a car park and bike racks, the latter two located outside the station. The only access to the station is via a subway, some steps and a ramp, so the station does not have step-free access. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train.

Passenger volume 

The statistics cover twelve month periods that start in April.

Services 
Monday to Saturday, there are six services to Oban and three to Mallaig (the latter combined with Oban portions, dividing at ), and one service to Fort William (the Highland Caledonian Sleeper, weekday mornings only) northbound. Southbound, there are six services to Glasgow Queen Street High Level and one service to London Euston via Queen Street Low Level & Edinburgh Waverley (the Highland Caledonian Sleeper - does not run on Saturday).

On Sundays, there are two trains northbound to Mallaig, the Caledonian Sleeper to Fort William and one extra to Oban only, plus an extra summer service to Oban; Southbound there are three trains southbound to Glasgow Queen Street. In summer months, the extra summer Sunday service returns to Edinburgh, avoiding Glasgow.

References

Bibliography

External links

RAILSCOT on the West Highland Railway
Video footage of Garelochhead railway station

Railway stations in Argyll and Bute
Former North British Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1894
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Railway stations served by Caledonian Sleeper
SPT railway stations
James Miller railway stations
Listed railway stations in Scotland
Category B listed buildings in Argyll and Bute
Rüeggisberg Priory

Rüeggisberg Priory (Kloster Rüeggisberg) was a Cluniac priory in the municipality of Rüeggisberg, Canton of Bern, Switzerland.

History
The Priory was founded between 1072 and 1076 by Lütold of Rümligen. He granted the property and estates to Cluny Abbey, making it the first Cluniac house in the German-speaking world. Under Cuno of Siegburg and Ulrich of Zell the first cells were built. Construction of the Romanesque church lasted from about 1100 to about 1185. There still remain the church's north transept and parts of the crossing tower. The Priory was dependent on Cluny Abbey and normally had a prior and two to four monks from Cluny. In 1148, there were two priories that were dependent on Rüeggisberg, in Röthenbach im Emmental and Alterswil.

At its peak the priory controlled estates throughout what is now the Canton of Bern, including Guggisberg, Alterswil, Plaffeien and Schwarzenburg, as well as scattered farm houses and vineyards on the shores of Lake Biel.

The priory was one of the most important monastic houses of Switzerland during the Middle Ages, but in the late medieval period decline set in, and in 1484 it was incorporated into the newly-built college of the Augustinian Canons of Bern Minster. By 1532, when much of the town was destroyed in a fire, the Priory was abandoned. The church was shut down in 1541 during the Reformation. The monastic buildings thereafter served as a source of building stone, and partly as a barn.

Between 1938 and 1947 the old foundations were again laid bare in an archaeological dig, as may be seen in the little museum next to the rectory.

Current condition
The ruins are generally open to the public, although they may be reserved for picnics or other gatherings. Each November an Advent market is held in the ruins, and over the years a variety of open air plays and concerts have been held here. Between Easter and September, church services are held monthly at the ruins.

References

External links

 Information on the priory on the Rüeggisberg town website 
 Information on the priory ruins on the Rüeggisberg Parish website 

Cluniac monasteries in Switzerland
Buildings and structures in the canton of Bern
Bishop's Castle, Glasgow

The Bishop's Castle (also known as Glasgow Castle, the Bishop's Palace, and the Archbishop's Palace) was a medieval castle in Glasgow, Scotland. It stood to the west of Glasgow Cathedral, covering much of the present day Cathedral Square. The castle served as the residence of the Archbishops of Glasgow until 1689.<ref>Athol L. Murray, "Preserving the Bishop's Castle, Glasgow, 1688-1741", Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, volume 125 (1995), pp. 1143-1161.</ref> Following the Glorious Revolution, the castle became the property of the Crown. It fell into disrepair during the 18th century, having been used as a quarry from 1755, and the site was cleared in 1789 to make way for the Glasgow Royal Infirmary.

History
Origins

The origins of the castle are unclear, but the first development was probably in the 12th century and it was first recorded in charters in 1258. It had become an episcopal residence by the time of the Wars of Scottish Independence, when William Wallace recaptured the castle from the English in 1296. In 1301 the castle was garrisoned again by Edward I.

In the 15th century a 5-storey keep was built by Bishop Cameron, this was later extended with additional fortifications and buildings, constructed by later bishops. Archbishop Beaton added a large corner tower, and surrounded the whole complex with an ashlar wall with crenellated and reinforced bastions. Archbishop Dunbar built a round-towered gatehouse in the south-east corner between 1524 and 1547. The central keep served as the residence of the bishops and archbishops, and was called the Bishop's Palace or Archbishop's Palace. It was surrounded by a ditch and was accessed by a drawbridge. The castle played a role in the many political battles during the 16th century, including the protracted struggle between supporters of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her enemies. It changed hands six times between 1513 and 1570, and was occupied by French troops at one point. In 1544 it was defended against Regent Arran and in 1560 defended for Arran.

Decline
The castle fell into disrepair during the 17th century, despite an attempt at repair by Archbishop Ross in the 1680s, and was gradually dismantled for its stone. It was finally demolished completely in 1789, to make way for the construction of the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Foundations of the castle were discovered during excavations for the St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art in the 1980s. The museum building was designed by architect Iain Begg to reflect the style of the Bishop's Castle. A stone from the castle, with a modern plaque, is located in Cathedral Square, marking the location of the keep.

Notes

References
Coventry, Martin The Castles of Scotland (3rd Edition), Goblinshead, 2001
Mason, Gordon The Castles of Glasgow and the Clyde'', Goblinshead, 2000

External links
Glasgow Story - Bishop's Castle
See Glasgow - Medieval Glasgow

Episcopal palaces in Scotland
Castles in Glasgow
Former castles in Scotland
Demolished buildings and structures in Scotland
Buildings and structures demolished in 1789
Kula

Kula, which translates as Tower from Serbo-Croatian, may refer to:

People
Bob Kula, American football player
Irwin Kula (born 1957), American rabbi and author
Karel Kula (born 1963), Czech footballer

Places

 Kula, Bihać, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Kula (Bugojno), a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Kula, Busovača, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Kula (Konjic), a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Kula (Sokolac), a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Kula, Travnik, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Kula, Zenica, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Kula, Bulgaria, a town and municipality in Vidin Province, Bulgaria
 Kula, Croatia, a village in Požega-Slavonia County, Croatia
 Kula, Ethiopia, a town in Ethiopia
 Kula Eco Park, a zoological park near Sigatoka, Fiji
 Kula, Iran, a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
 Kula, Serbia, a town and municipality in Vojvodina, Serbia
 Kula (volcano), a volcanic field in Turkey
 Kula, Manisa, a town in Western Anatolia, Turkey
 Kula, Hawaii, a district of East Maui in Hawaii, U.S.
 Kula, Sungurlu

Other uses
 Kula ring, a ceremonial exchange system in Papua New Guinea
 Kula (unit), an obsolete unit of measurement in India and Morocco
 Kula or Kaula (Hinduism), a Hindu religious tradition
 Kula people (Asia), an ethnic group in Thailand and Cambodia
 Kula tribe (Australia),  an indigenous Australian people of the state of New South Wales
 Kula tribe (Nigeria), a Nigerian tribe
 Kula, tower houses in the Balkans
 Kula Watermelon, a flavor of Bai Brands' Antioxidant Infusion

See also
 Kaula (disambiguation)
 Kula Plate, an ancient oceanic plate, which began subducting under North America
 Kula-Farallon Ridge, an ancient mid-ocean ridge in the Pacific Ocean
 Kula Diamond, a character in the King of Fighters series
 KULA-LP, a radio station in American Samoa
 Kula Shaker, an English rock band
 Kula World, a platform video game

Language and nationality disambiguation pages
Dalmally railway station

Dalmally railway station is a railway station serving the village of Dalmally, near Loch Awe in Scotland. This station is on the Oban branch of the West Highland Line, originally part of the Callander and Oban Railway. It is sited  from Callander via Glen Ogle, between Tyndrum Lower and Loch Awe. ScotRail manage the station and operate all services.

History 

This station opened on 1 April 1877. For a while, it was the western extremity of the Callander and Oban Railway, until the line finally reached its ultimate destination, Oban, on 1 July 1880. The station building was destroyed by fire on 16 November 1898.

The red sandstone building and signal box are a Category C listed building as being a 'well detailed example of a small through station in the area'.

Facilities 
Facilities at the station are very basic, comprising just benches on both platforms, a help point and a small car park. There is step-free access to the station, but the only access to platform 2 is via a Barrow Crossing. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train.

Passenger volume 

The statistics cover twelve month periods that start in April.

Services

There are six departures in each direction Mondays to Saturdays, eastbound to  and westbound to . On weekdays only, an additional train to Oban operates in the late afternoon. On Sundays, there are three departures each way throughout the year, plus a fourth in the summer months only. The additional service runs to and from Edinburgh Waverley, rather than Glasgow.

References

Bibliography

External links 

 Video footage of the station on YouTube

Railway stations in Argyll and Bute
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1877
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Listed railway stations in Scotland
Category C listed buildings in Argyll and Bute
Loch Awe railway station

Loch Awe railway station is a railway station serving the village of Lochawe, on the northern bank of Loch Awe, in western Scotland. This station is on the Oban branch of the West Highland Line, originally part of the Callander and Oban Railway. It is sited  from Callander via Glen Ogle, between Dalmally and Falls of Cruachan. ScotRail manage the station and operate all services.

History 

This station was opened on 1 July 1880 by the Callander and Oban Railway when it opened the  to  section of line. The station originally had one platform on a passing loop with sidings on both sides of the line, but a second platform, on the north side of the loop, was brought into use on 5 May 1902. On 8 August 1897, the station building was destroyed by fire.

A camping coach was also positioned here by the Scottish Region from 1952 to 1958, and two coaches were here in 1959 and 1960.

The station closed on 1 November 1965 but reopened on 10 May 1985 using only the more recent platform. The original platform remains in situ, but disused.

The privately owned locomotive that worked the Ben Cruachan Quarry Branch had authority to run over the main Callander and Oban Line between Loch Awe station and the branch junction, just over half a mile to the east.

Tea Train 

An old Mark 1 carriage (which was formerly painted in green and cream "West Highland Line" livery and carried the number SC4494) sits on an isolated length of track immediately to the west of the station, on the south side. Having been brought to Loch Awe by a ballast train on 29 May 1988, it was until 2008 used as a tea room. The main single line had to be temporarily severed and slewed so that the carriage could be shunted onto its own track without the use of a crane.

Facilities 
The station only comprises a shelter, a help point, a bench and a small car park. There is step-free access form the car park. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train.

Passenger volume 

The statistics cover twelve month periods that start in April.

Services

There are 6 departures in each direction on weekdays and Saturdays, eastbound to  and westbound to . On weekdays only, an additional service in each direction between  and Oban calls here in the late afternoon. On Sundays, there are 3 departures each way throughout the year, plus a fourth in the summer months only which operates to Edinburgh Waverley from late June–August.

References

Bibliography

External links

Video footage of Loch Awe Railway Station

Railway stations in Argyll and Bute
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1880
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1965
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1985
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain
Beeching closures in Scotland
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Carpinteria State Beach

Carpinteria State Beach is a protected beach in the state park system of California, in Santa Barbara County, Southern California.

Features
Geography
The park is located in the city of Carpinteria,  south of Santa Barbara.  The park has  of beachfront.
The address is 205 Palm Ave Carpinteria, CA 93013.
History
The  park was established in 1932.

Recreation
Recreational activities include bird watching, ocean swimming, surf fishing, nature walks, camping, and tidepool exploration.

The Carpinteria Harbor Seal Preserve and rookery is located within and south of the park, protecting the Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). It is one of the four harbor seal rookeries remaining along the Southern California coast.

See also
List of beaches in California
List of California state parks
List of California State Beaches

References

External links
official Carpinteria State Beach website

California State Beaches
Beaches of Southern California
Carpinteria, California
Parks in Santa Barbara County, California
1932 establishments in California
Protected areas established in 1932
Beaches of Santa Barbara County, California
Paul Carafotes

Paul Carafotes (born March 23, 1959) is an American actor, known for playing Harold Dyer in the prime-time television drama Knots Landing. He has starred in films, television, commercials, and on stage.

Early life

Carafotes was born into an American Greek family and raised in Somerville, Massachusetts. He graduated from Somerville High School.

Career
Carafotes began his professional career at the age of 20 in the 20th Century Fox film Headin' for Broadway.  In it, he portrayed Ralph Morelli, a talented and soulful street kid from Philadelphia in a performance that Variety called "amazing." He followed that performance with another starring role as a partially deaf football player in the drama "Choices" in which Demi Moore debuted on the screen as his girlfriend. He then appeared in the film All the Right Moves as Vinnie Salvucci, teammate and friend of Stef Djordjevic, played by Tom Cruise.

Carafotes won an L.A. Drama Critics Award for writing the play "Beyond the Ring", in which he also starred and was nominated for best actor. He has won multiple awards including the audience award at the Beverly Hills Film Festival for writing, producing and directing the supernatural fantasy short film, "Club Soda". In 2006 Carafotes wrote, directed and produced the short film, Club Soda, edited into Stories USA. In 2010, Carafotes returned to acting in the Emmy award-winning series Damages.

Carafotes, inspired after the birth of his son Charlie, began writing a series of children's books entitled, "The Adventures of Charlie Bubbles!" The series includes a coloring book and CD of songs that complement the storybooks.

Film credits
Headin' for Broadway (1980) as Ralph Morelli
Choices (1981) as John Carluccio
All the Right Moves (1983) as Vinnie Salvucci
Clan of the Cave Bear (1986) as Brug
The Ladies Club (1986) as Eddie
Blind Date (1987) as Disco Dancer
Journey to the Center of the Earth (1989) as Richard
Italian Movie (1993) as Phillipo
Fight Club (1999) as Salvador the bartender
Scriptfellas (1999) as Barry Goldberg
Lonely Hearts (2006) as Detective Paco
Club Soda (2006) director, writer, producer
American Breakdown (2008) director
@urFRENZ (2010) as Terry
Mind Hunter (2019) as Rod

Personal life 
In 2019, Carafotes alleged that he was the mystery man that Demi Moore slept with the night before her marriage to Freddy Moore in 1981, as detailed in her memoir Inside Out. Carafotes claimed that the two met during an audition for the 1981 film Choices and the two carried on a month long affair.

References

External links
 
www.carafotes.com

1959 births
American male film actors
American male television actors
American people of Greek descent
Living people
Male actors from Massachusetts
People from Somerville, Massachusetts
Bothe-Napa Valley State Park

Bothe-Napa Valley State Park is a state park of California in the United States. Located in the Napa Valley, it contains the farthest inland coast redwoods in a California state park.  The  park was established in 1960.

In 2011 during the California budget crisis, this park and the adjacent Bale Grist Mill State Historic Park were among those targeted to be closed due to lack of funding.  The Napa County Parks and Open Space District petitioned the state to operate the park in order to avoid closure.

History
The park property was originally part of the Rancho Carne Humana Mexican land grant.

See also
 List of California state parks

References

External links
Bothe-Napa Valley State Park–California State Parks
Bothe-Napa Valley State Park–Napa Valley State Parks Association

1960 establishments in California
Parks in Napa County, California
Parks in Sonoma County, California
Protected areas established in 1960
State parks of California
St. Helena, California
Bay Area Ridge Trail
Taynuilt railway station

Taynuilt railway station is a railway station serving the village of Taynuilt in western Scotland. This station is on the Oban branch of the West Highland Line, originally part of the Callander and Oban Railway, between Falls of Cruachan and Connel Ferry, sited  from Callander via Glen Ogle. ScotRail manage the station and operate all services.

History 

Taynuilt station opened on 30 June 1880, when the Callander and Oban Railway was extended from Dalmally to Oban.

The station is laid out with two platforms, one on either side of a crossing loop. There are two sidings on the south side of the station.

On 11 January 1987, the crossing loop was altered to right-hand running. The original Down platform has thus become the Up platform, and vice versa. The change was made in order to simplify shunting at this station, by removing the need to hand-pump the train-operated loop points to access the sidings.

Facilities 
Facilities at the station are basic, consisting of shelters on both platforms, a bench on platform 2, bike racks and ca car park adjacent to platform 1 and a help point on the wall of the old signal box. All of the station has step-free access. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train.

Passenger volume 
The increase in station usage recorded in the 2020/21 Office of Rail and Road statistics, at a time when passenger numbers across the UK fell drastically in the Covid-19 pandemic, was attributed to the introduction of school services on the Oban line.

The statistics cover twelve month periods that start in April.

Services

There are 6 departures in each direction on weekdays and Saturdays, with trains heading eastbound to  and westbound to . On weekdays only, an additional service in each direction between  and Oban calls here in the late afternoon. On Sundays, there are 3 departures each way throughout the year, but there is a fourth in the summer from late June–August which runs from Edinburgh Waverley to Oban and back.

References

Bibliography

External links 

 Video footage of the station on YouTube

Railway stations in Argyll and Bute
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1880
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Timon princeps

Timon princeps, commonly called the Siirt lizard or the Zagrosian lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae (wall lizards). The species is endemic to Western Asia.

Geographic range
Timon princeps is native to southwestern Iran (central Zagros Mountains near Shiraz), northern Iraq, northeastern Syria, and southeastern Turkey.

Reproduction
T. princeps is oviparous.

References

External links

Photos: multiple pictures

Further reading
Blanford WT (1874). "Descriptions of new Reptilia and Amphibia from Persia and Baluchistán". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Fourth Series 14: 31–35. (Lacerta princeps, new species, p. 31). (in English and Latin).
Blanford WT (1876). Eastern Persia: An Account of the Journeys of the Persian Boundary Commission 1870–71–72. Vol. II. Zoology and Geology. Published by the Authority of the Government of India. London: Macmillan and Co. viii + 516 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Lacerta princeps, pp. 364-367 + Plate XXIV).
Boulenger GA (1887). Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Volume III. Lacertidæ ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 575 pp. + Plates I-XL. (Lacerta princeps, pp. 18–19).
Mayer, Werner; Bischoff, Wolfgang (1996). "Beiträge zur taxonomischen Revision der Gattung Lacerta (Reptilia: Lacertidae). Tiel 1: Zootoca, Omanosaura, Timon und Teira als eigenständige Gattungen [Contributions to the taxonomic revision of the genus Lacerta (Reptilia: Lacertidae). Part 1: Zootoca, Omanosaura, Timon and Teira as full genera]". Salamandra 32 (3): 163–170. (Timon princeps, new combination, p. 169). (in German, with an abstract in English).

Timon (genus)
Reptiles described in 1874
Taxa named by William Thomas Blanford
Cayucos State Beach

Cayucos State Beach is a protected beach in the state park system of California, United States.  It is located in Cayucos, San Luis Obispo County. The sandy beach environment supports uses of swimming and surfing. Prehistorically this general area of the central coast was inhabited by the Chumash people, who settled the coastal San Luis Obispo area approximately 10,000 to 11,000 BCE, including a large village to the south of Cayucos at Morro Creek.  The  park was established in 1940.

See also
List of beaches in California
List of California state parks

References

External links

 California StateParks: official Cayucos State Beach website

California State Beaches
Morro Bay
Parks in San Luis Obispo County, California
Beaches of Southern California
Beaches of San Luis Obispo County, California
1940 establishments in California
Protected areas established in 1940