alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
New Zealand raven

The New Zealand raven (Corvus antipodum) was native to the North Island and South Island of New Zealand but has been extinct since the 16th century. There were two subspecies: the North Island raven (Corvus antipodum antipodum) and the South Island raven (Corvus antipodum pycrofti). Another closely related species, the Chatham raven (Corvus moriorum), occurred on the Chatham Islands.

The holotype of the South Island raven (Corvus antipodum pycrofti) is in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

New Zealand ravens were large corvids with long, broad bills that were not as arched as those of some of the Hawaiian crows (Corvus hawaiiensis). They were significantly smaller than the Chatham Island raven, and the South Island subspecies was rather larger than the North Island subspecies.

Remains of New Zealand ravens are most common in Pleistocene and Holocene coastal sites. On the coast, it may have frequented seal and penguin colonies or fed in the intertidal zone, as does the Tasmanian forest raven Corvus tasmanicus. It may also have depended on fruit, like the New Caledonian crow Corvus moneduloides, but it is difficult to understand why a fruit eater would have been most common in coastal forest and shrubland when fruit was distributed throughout the forest.

DNA evidence suggests that its closest relatives aside from the Chatham raven is the clade containing the Forest raven, Little raven and Australian raven, from which it split around 2 million years ago. The morphology and ossification of the palate is unusual among corvids, suggesting a unique dietary adaption, perhaps for scavenging large hard food items.

Gallery

See also
 List of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species
 List of New Zealand animals extinct in the Holocene

References

 Gill, B. J. 2003. "Osteometry and systematics of the extinct New Zealand ravens (Aves: Corvidae: Corvus)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1: 43–58.
 Worthy, T.H., Holdaway R.N., 2002, The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric Life of New Zealand, Indiana University Press, Bloomington. .

External links
 New Zealand Raven. Corvus antipodum. by Paul Martinson. Artwork produced for the book Extinct Birds of New Zealand, by Alan Tennyson, Te Papa Press, Wellington, 2006
 The Extinction Website

Corvus
Extinct birds of New Zealand
Holocene extinctions
Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
Ravens
Untermosel

Untermosel is a former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated along the lower course of the river Mosel, south-west of Koblenz. The seat of the municipality was in Kobern-Gondorf. On 1 July 2014 it merged into the new Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Mosel.

The Verbandsgemeinde Untermosel consisted of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

 Alken 
 Brodenbach 
 Burgen 
 Dieblich 
 Hatzenport 
 Kobern-Gondorf
 Lehmen 
 Löf 
 Macken 
 Niederfell 
 Nörtershausen 
 Oberfell 
 Winningen
 Wolken 

Former Verbandsgemeinden in Rhineland-Palatinate
Æthelred I of Northumbria

Æthelred (; c. 762  – 18 April 796), was the king of Northumbria from 774 to 779 and again from 790 until he was murdered in 796. He was the son of Æthelwald Moll and Æthelthryth and possibly became king while still a child after Alhred was deposed.

Family and early life
The origin of Æthelred's family isn't recorded, but his father Æthelwald, who was also called Moll, seems to have come from a noble background. Æthelwald first appears in the historical records in a letter written by Pope Paul I to king Eadberht, ordering him to return lands taken from an Abbot Fothred, which were given to his brother Moll. After the abdication of king Eadberht in 758, his son Oswulf took his place but despite his father's long reign and his powerful uncle Ecgbert, he was murdered just a year later in 759 at Market Weighton by his own bodyguards. The murder was possibly ordered by Æthelwald as he became king soon after. In 761 Oswulf's brother Oswine met Æthelwald in battle but Oswine was killed in the fighting at Eildon Hill on 6 August.

After his victory, Æthelwald married Æthelthryth at Catterick on 1 November 762.  Æthelwald was deposed as king on 30 October 765, by a council of noblemen and prelates, and replaced by Alhred, the brother-in-law of Oswulf and Oswine.

First Term
After ruling for nearly ten years, the Northumbrians drove out King Alhred from York in 774.  They then chose Æthelred as their king and he was "crowned with such great honour".  In the year after his accession Æthelred, who may have been influenced by his father Æthelwald, ordered the killing of an Ealdorman, Eadwulf..

Æthelred was deposed as king and the throne passed on to Ælfwald, a grandson of Eadberht Eating.

Restoration

Æthelred lived in exile during the reign of Ælfwald and his successor Osred II. However, in 788 or 789, Osred was deposed, forcibly tonsured and exiled and Æthelred was restored to the throne.

In 790, during Æthelred's second reign, the ealdorman Eardwulf was ordered to be killed by Æthelred but survived and later became king. Ælfwald's sons Ælf and Ælfwine were killed, probably on Æthelred's orders, in 791. The next year Osred attempted to regain the throne, but was defeated, captured and killed on 14 September 792. A year later, Lindisfarne was sacked by the Vikings with Alcuin's letters to Æthelred blaming this event on the sins of Æthelred and his nobility.

On 29 September 792  Æthelred married Ælfflæd the daughter of Offa of Mercia at Catterick.

Death and succession

While Æthelred was in Corbridge a group of conspiring nobles murdered him on 18 April 796.  As a result, Osbald, an ealdorman and a friend of Alcuin, Æthelred's former adviser, became king, but within 27 days he abdicated.

References

Further reading
 Higham, N.J., The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350–1100. Stroud: Sutton, 1993. 
 Kirby, D.P., The Earliest English Kings. London: Unwin, 1991. 
 Yorke, Barbara, Kings and Kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England. London: Seaby, 1990.

See also
List of monarchs of Northumbria

External links

760s births
796 deaths
Anglo-Saxon warriors
Northumbrian monarchs
8th-century English monarchs
8th-century murdered monarchs
Cherokee flag (disambiguation)

Cherokee flag may refer to any of several flags associated with groups within the Cherokee Native American tribe. These include

 the Flag of the Cherokee Nation (Oklahoma)
 the Flag of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (Oklahoma)
 the Flag of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee nation (North Carolina).
Droll

A droll is a short comical sketch of a type that originated during the Puritan Interregnum in England. With the closure of the theatres, actors were left without any way of plying their art. Borrowing scenes from well-known plays of the Elizabethan theatre, they added dancing and other entertainments and performed these, sometimes illegally, to make money. Along with the popularity of the source play, material for drolls was generally chosen for physical humor or for wit.

Francis Kirkman's The Wits, or Sport Upon Sport, 1662, is a collection of twenty-seven drolls. Three are adapted from Shakespeare: Bottom the Weaver from A Midsummer Night's Dream, the gravedigger's scene from Hamlet, and a collection of scenes involving Falstaff called The Bouncing Knight. A typical droll presented a subplot from John Marston's The Dutch Courtesan; the piece runs together all the scenes in which a greedy vintner is gulled and robbed by a deranged gallant.

Just under half of the drolls in Kirkman's book are adapted from the work of Beaumont and Fletcher. Among the drolls taken from those authors are Forc'd Valour (the title plot from The Humorous Lieutenant), The Stallion (the scenes in the male brothel from The Custom of the Country), and the taunting of Pharamond from Philaster.  The prominence of Beaumont and Fletcher in this collection prefigures their dominance on the early Restoration stage. The extract from their Beggar's Bush, known as The Lame Commonwealth, features additional dialogue, strongly suggesting it was taken from a performance text. The character of Clause, the King of the Beggars in that extract, appears as a character in later works, such as the memoirs of Bampfylde Moore Carew, the self-proclaimed King of the Beggars.

Actor Robert Cox was perhaps the best-known of the droll performers.

References
 Kirkman, Francis. The Wits, or Sport Upon Sport. ed. John James Elson (Cornell University Press, 1932) 
 Baskervill, C. R. "Mummers' Wooing Plays in England." Modern Philology, Vol. 21 No. 3  (February 1924),pp. 225–272; see pp. 268–272,  folkplay.info

History of theatre
Theatre in the United Kingdom
Neighbourhood (album)

Neighbourhood is the second solo album released by session drummer Manu Katché.  While his first offering, It's About Time, was considered a rock/funk album, Neighbourhood is solid jazz.  Katché composed all of the music on the album.

Track listing
"November 99" – 6:02  	    	 
"Number One" – 6:13 	  	
"Lullaby" – 6:16 	  	
"Good Influence" – 5:01 	  	
"February Sun" – 4:50 	  	
"No Rush" – 5:52 	  	
"Lovely Walk" – 6:20 	  	
"Take Off and Land" – 4:02	  	
"Miles Away" – 4:14 	  	
"Rose" – 6:11

Personnel 
Manu Katché – percussion, drums
Sławomir Kurkiewicz – double bass
Marcin Wasilewski – piano
Jan Garbarek – saxophones
Tomasz Stańko – trumpet

References

2005 albums
Neighbourhood
ECM Records albums
Albums produced by Manfred Eicher
Teflic acid

Teflic acid is the chemical compound with the formula . This strong acid is related to orthotelluric acid, . Teflic acid has a slightly distorted octahedral geometry.

Preparation
Teflic acid was accidentally discovered by Engelbrecht and Sladky. Their synthesis did not yield the anticipated telluryl fluoride , but a mixture of volatile telluric compounds, containing :
 (25%)

Teflic acid can also be prepared from fluorosulfonic acid and barium tellurate:

It is also the first hydrolysis product of tellurium hexafluoride:

Teflates

The conjugate base of teflic acid is called the teflate anion,  (not to be confused with triflate). Many teflates are known, one example being , that can be pyrolysed to give acid anhydride .

The teflate anion is known to resist oxidation. This property has allowed the preparation several highly unusual species such as the hexateflates  (in which M = As, Sb, Bi). Xenon forms the cation .

References

Further reading
R.B. King; Inorganic Chemistry of Main Group Elements, VCH Publishers, New York,1994.

Oxohalides
Tellurium(VI) compounds
Substances discovered in the 1960s
Rockingham County Baseball League

The Rockingham County Baseball League is a summer baseball league in Rockingham County, Virginia and neighboring areas. It was founded in 1924, and has included teams from across Rockingham County and up and down the Shenandoah Valley. As of 2023, the league has 8 teams and has a 28-game regular season schedule where every team plays each other 4 times. The first round of the playoffs is the best out of three games, the second round is best out of five games, and the third and final round is best out of seven games.

Teams
 Grottoes Cardinals - Shifflett Field
 New Market Shockers – Rebel Park
 Stuarts Draft Diamondbacks – The Diamond Club

 Bridgewater Reds – Ray Heatwole Field
 Broadway Bruins – Broadway High School
 Clover Hill Bucks – Buck Bowman Park
 Montezuma Braves – Ruritan Park
 Elkton Blue Sox - Stonewall Memorial Park

Championships
 Clover Hill – 18
 Bridgewater – 17
 Linville – 11
 Grottoes – 9
 Stuarts Draft - 4
 Mt. Crawford – 4
 Dayton – 3
 Broadway – 3
 Harriston – 2
 Elkton – 2
 Keezletown – 2
 Ottobine – 2
 Spring Creek – 2
 Harrisonburg – 1
 Twin County – 1
 Waynesboro – 1
 Weyers Cave - 1
 Fishersville – 1
 Briery Branch- 1
 Montezuma – 1
 New Market – 1

Former teams
 Linville Patriots
 Fishersville Rangers
 Fishersville Cardinals 
 Briery Branch Braves
 Twin County Twins
 Harrisonburg Chic's
 Luray Cavemen
 Luray Colonials
 Shenandoah Indians
 Spring Creek
 Ottobine

Famous alumni
 Dell Curry
 Travis Harper
 Maven Huffman
 Alan Knicely
 Larry Sheets
 Wayne Comer
 Brian Bocock
 Lorenzo Bundy
 Tom Brookens
 Daryl Irvine
 Reggie Harris
 Erik Kratz
 Brenton Doyle
 Chase DeLauter

RCBL Champions

External links

Summer baseball leagues
Rockingham County, Virginia
College baseball leagues in the United States
Baseball leagues in Virginia
Sports leagues established in 1924
1924 establishments in Virginia
Hull-Ottawa Canadiens

The Hull-Ottawa Canadiens were a semi-professional ice hockey franchise from 1959 until 1963.

History

The Hull-Ottawa Canadiens were formed as members of the Eastern Professional Hockey League in 1959. The professional team was granted to the area after the success of a junior/senior mixed squad in the area called the Ottawa-Hull Canadiens, formerly the Montreal Junior Canadiens and junior farm team of the NHL's Montreal Canadiens, relocated to the capital region after the top tier of junior hockey dried up temporarily in Quebec.

With the EPHL entering the market, the Ottawa-Hull Canadiens were relocated by their parent, Montreal Canadiens, to Brockville, Ontario. The EPHL teams lasted for 4 years until the EPHL folded after the 1962-63 season.  In the Montreal Canadiens system, the EPHL Canadiens were able to draw up junior players from the Brockville team to fill their roster. The next season when the junior team moved to the Interprovincial Senior Hockey League and relocated to Hull, the EPHL Canadiens were able to draw both junior and senior players from their roster. The most notable being Jacques Laperriere.

Games were played at the Ottawa Auditorium and at the Arena de Hull later renamed the Arena Robert Guertin.

NHL alumni

Season records

See also
Ice hockey in Ottawa

External links
hockeydb.com Hull-Ottawa Canadiens (EPHL)

Defunct ice hockey teams in Canada
Ice hockey teams in Ontario
Ice hockey teams in Ottawa
Ice hockey in Gatineau
1959 establishments in Ontario
Ice hockey clubs established in 1959
1963 disestablishments in Ontario
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1963
Vordereifel

Vordereifel is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the eastern edge of the Eifel, west of Mayen. The seat of the municipality is in Mayen, itself not part of the municipality.

The Verbandsgemeinde Vordereifel consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

References

Verbandsgemeinde in Rhineland-Palatinate
Crim Rocks

Crim Rocks ( "little reef") is a small group of uninhabited islands in the Isles of Scilly, England, United Kingdom.

The Crim Rocks are the most westward of the archipelago's Western Rocks, therefore making them the westernmost point of England. They are approximately  north of Bishop Rock, and about  southwest of Zantman's Rock. The name may be cognate with the Middle Welsh "crimp" meaning "shin, ridge, or ledge." The most conspicuous of the Crim Rocks is the Peaked Rock. At least thirty ships are known to have been wrecked on the Crims.

See also

List of shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly
List of extreme points of the United Kingdom

References

Uninhabited islands of the Isles of Scilly
Robert Chambers

Robert or Bob Chambers may refer to:

 Robert Chambers (English judge) (1737–1803), English judge, professor of jurisprudence, Chief Justice of Bengal, collector of Sanskrit manuscripts
 Robert Chambers (New Zealand judge) (1953–2013), New Zealand judge and Supreme Court justice
 Robert Chambers (priest) (1571–1628), English Catholic priest, writer and translator
 Robert Chambers (publisher, born 1802) (1802–1871), Scottish publisher, writer, and scientist known for Vestiges of Creation and, with his brother William Chambers, Chambers's Encyclopaedia
 Robert Chambers Jr. (1832–1888), Scottish publisher and amateur golfer, son of the above
 Robert Craig Chambers (1832–1901), American 19th-century businessman, minerals miner, banker, politician, sheriff, and silver mine supervisor
 Robert Chambers (oarsman) (1831–1868), English oarsman and world sculling champion
 Robert Chambers (development scholar) (born 1932), British academic and development practitioner
 Robert Chambers (Quebec City mayor) (1834–1886), Canadian politician
 Robert W. Chambers (1865–1933), American artist and writer, author of The King in Yellow
 Robert Chambers (criminal) (born 1966), also known as the Preppie Killer
 Robert G. Chambers (1924–2016), British physicist known for the first observation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect
 Robert Chambers (Canadian politician) (1813–1875), merchant and politician in Nova Scotia, Canada
 Robert Chambers (cricketer) (born 1943), former English cricketer
 Robert Charles Chambers (born 1952), United States federal judge
 Robert Chambers (biologist) (1881–1957), American biologist
 Robert Chambers (sculptor) (born 1958), American sculptor
 Bob Chambers (footballer) (1899–1972), English footballer
 Bob Chambers (cartoonist) (1905–1996), cartoonist and illustrator from Nova Scotia
 Bob Chambers (athlete) (1926–2010), American track and field athlete
Ælfwald I of Northumbria

Ælfwald (born between 759 and 767 AD) was king of Northumbria from 779 to 788. He is thought to have been a son of Oswulf, and thus a grandson of Eadberht Eating.

Ælfwald became king after Æthelred son of Æthelwald Moll was deposed in 778. He was murdered, probably at Chesters, by ealdorman Sicga on 23 September 788. He was buried at Hexham Abbey where he was considered a saint.

Ælfwald was succeeded by his first cousin Osred, son of Alhred and Osgifu, daughter of Eadberht Eating. Ælfwald's sons Ælf and Ælfwine were killed in 791 on the orders of King Æthelred.

See also
 List of monarchs of Northumbria

References

Further reading
 Higham, N.J., The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350–1100. Stroud: Sutton, 1993.

External links
 

8th-century births
788 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Northumbrian saints
Northumbrian monarchs
8th-century Christian saints
8th-century English monarchs
Burials at Hexham Abbey
Antarmahal

Antarmahal is a 2005 Indian Bengali film, directed by Rituparno Ghosh, based on a short story by the name Pratima by the renowned Bengali author Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay. It stars Roopa Ganguly, Soha Ali Khan and Jackie Shroff in lead, and Abhishek Bachchan, Sumanta Mukherjee and Biswajit Chakraborty in supporting roles. Raima Sen stars in a cameo role in the film.

Shoojit Sarkar who assisted Rituparno as the first AD and Rituparno used to call him with a unique nickname Shooji.

Plot
The story takes place towards the end of the 19th century in Bengal. Bhubaneswar Chowdhury (Jackie Shroff) is a rich and oppressive Zamindar (Landlord). He is planning to please the British so that they bestow on him the Raibahadur title. There are quite a few contenders and so something unique has to be done, so he decides to put Queen Victoria's face on the body of the Goddess Durga whose clay idol is made every year for Durga Pooja.

On the other hand, he also wants an heir and since he blames the failure on his elder wife Mahamaya (Roopa Ganguly) he marries again, the much younger Jashomati (Soha Ali Khan). Both these wives compete against each other in an ego struggle. In his pursuit for a son, Bhubaneswar rapes Jashomati every night while a priest reads hymns for conception near the bed, ordering  Mahamaya, in a drugged state, to fulfill the carnal desires of five sexually deprived Brahmin priests.

Although she luckily escapes the fate due to the untimely ending, Jashomati, while in her traumatised and lonely state, gets physically drawn towards a young sculptor (Abhishek Bachchan). It's in this centre of all this that the sculptor makes his masterpiece, his tribute, and seals Jashomati's ultimate fate.
the script is based on protima a masterpiece of Tarashankar bandopadhyay.

Cast
Soha Ali Khan as Jashomoti (voice dubbed by Rimjhim Mitra)
Jackie Shroff as Bhubaneswar Chowdhury (voice dubbed by Shantilal Mukherjee)
Roopa Ganguly as Mahamaya 
Abhishek Bacchan as Brijbhushan

References

External links 
 

2005 films
Bengali-language Indian films
Films directed by Rituparno Ghosh
Films about landlords
2000s Bengali-language films
Weißenthurm

Weißenthurm is a town in the district of Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite Neuwied, approximately 12 km northwest of Koblenz.

The town is spelled with an ß which may be replaced by ss if not available (Weissenthurm).

Weißenthurm is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Weißenthurm.

References

Towns in Rhineland-Palatinate
Mayen-Koblenz
Gerd Oswald

Gerd Oswald (June 9, 1919 – May 22, 1989) was a German director of American films and television.

Biography
Born in Berlin, Oswald was the son of German film director Richard Oswald and actress Käthe Oswald. He worked as a child actor before emigrating to the United States in 1938. Early production jobs at low-budget studios like Monogram Pictures prepared Oswald for a directorial career.

Oswald's film credits include A Kiss Before Dying (1956), Valerie (1957), Crime of Passion (1957), Brainwashed (1960), and Bunny O'Hare (1971).

His television credits include Perry Mason, Blue Light, Bonanza, The Outer Limits, The Fugitive, Star Trek, Gentle Ben, It Takes a Thief, Rawhide, and The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series). Fans of Mystery Science Theater 3000 know Oswald as the director of the 1966 film Agent for H.A.R.M.

He was an assistant director for 20 years, including on his father's film The Captain from Köpenick (completed in 1941, but only released in 1945), aka Passport to Heaven and I Was a Criminal.

Oswald was the uncredited second-unit director of The Longest Day (1962) responsible for staging the parachute drop scenes into Sainte-Mère-Église, France on D-Day, during the Normandy landings of World War II.

Oswald died of cancer in Los Angeles, California at the age of 69.

References

Further reading
 Parsons, Louella (November 15, 1970). "Pola Negri to Return to Germany". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 10
 
 "A New Star in the TV Heavens: Last-minute coaching". Ebony. January 1967. p. 74
 "Gerd Oswald Forms Own Company". Los Angeles Evening Citizen News. June 7, 1969. p. 10

External links

1919 births
1989 deaths
American film directors
American television directors
American people of Austrian-Jewish descent
Male actors from Berlin
Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
Chatham raven

The Chatham raven (Corvus moriorum) is a prehistoric raven formerly native to the Chatham Islands (New Zealand). The closely related New Zealand raven, C. antipodum occurred in the North and South Islands of New Zealand. C. antipodum was formerly included in C. moriorum, and later considered a distinct species, however in 2017 genetic research determined that the two raven populations were subspecies rather than separate species, having only split 130,000 years ago.

A reconstruction of the raven is in the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, specimen MNZ S.036749.

Description and ecology
The Chatham raven was significantly larger than the New Zealand raven, and probably the world's fourth- or fifth-largest passerine. They had long, broad bills that were not as arched as those of some of the Hawaiian crows (C. hawaiiensis). Presumably, they were black all over like all their close relatives. There do not seem to be recorded oral traditions of this sub-species – most of the Moriori people, after whom this sub-species was named, were eventually killed or enslaved by Māori explorers, and little of their natural history knowledge  has been preserved. Thus, it cannot be completely ruled out that like some congeners they had partially white or grey plumage (see also Pied raven).

Remains of Chatham ravens are most common in coastal sites on the Chatham Islands. On the coast, it may have frequented the seal and penguin colonies or fed in the intertidal zone, as does the Tasmanian forest raven (C. tasmanicus). It may also have depended on fruit, like the New Caledonian crow (C. moneduloides), but it is difficult to understand why a fruit eater would have been most common in coastal forest and shrubland when fruit was distributed throughout the forest.

See also
 List of extinct animals of New Zealand
 Late Quaternary prehistoric birds

References

 Gill, B. J. 2003. "Osteometry and systematics of the extinct New Zealand ravens (Aves: Corvidae: Corvus)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1: 43–58.
 Scofield, R. P., Mitchell K.J., Wood, J.R., De Pietri, V.L., Jarvie, S., Llamas, B., Cooper, A., 2017. "The origin and phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand ravens" in Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, Vol.106, p. 136-143. ; 
 Worthy, T.H., Holdaway R.N., 2002, The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric Life of New Zealand, Indiana University Press, Bloomington. .

External links
 Chatham Islands Raven. Corvus moriorum. by Paul Martinson. Artwork produced for the book Extinct Birds of New Zealand, by Alan Tennyson, Te Papa Press, Wellington, 2006

Corvus
Extinct birds of the Chatham Islands
Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
Ravens
Holocene extinctions
Fossil taxa described in 1892
Dawson, Alabama

Dawson is a small unincorporated community located in DeKalb County, Alabama, United States. It is located atop Sand Mountain, approximately  northeast of the town of Crossville.

Geography
Dawson is located at . Its average elevation is  above sea level.

References

Unincorporated communities in DeKalb County, Alabama
Unincorporated communities in Alabama
George Carmack

George Washington Carmack (September 24, 1860 – June 5, 1922) was an American prospector in the Yukon. He was originally credited with registering Discovery Claim, the discovery of gold that set off the Klondike Gold Rush on August 16, 1896. Today, historians usually give the credit to his Tagish brother-in-law, Skookum Jim Mason.

Early years
Carmack's mother died when he was 8 years old and his father when he was 11. His great-grandfather was Abraham Blystone. Carmack briefly served in the United States Marine Corps aboard the USS Wachusett and in Alaska before deserting in California in 1882 when he was refused leave to visit his sick sister.

Carmack returned to Alaska in 1885 to engage in trading, fishing and trapping. In 1887, he entered a common-law marriage to Shaaw Tláa, a Tagish First Nation woman known as "Kate".

Prospector

Carmack was not popular with other miners, who nicknamed him "Squaw Man" for his association with native people and "Lyin' George" for his exaggerated claims. Nevertheless, he did find a coal deposit near what is today the village of Carmacks, Yukon which was named after him.

In August 1896, he and Kate were fishing at the mouth of the Klondike River when Skookum Jim, his nephew Dawson Charlie and another nephew found them. Prospector Robert Henderson who had been mining gold on the Indian River, just south of the Klondike, suggested that he should try out Rabbit Creek, now Bonanza Creek, where the gold discovery was made.

The finding of gold made him wealthy and the Carmacks moved to a ranch near Modesto, California and lived with Carmack's sister, Mrs. Hannah Rosella "Rose" Watson.

Later years

In 1900, he abandoned Kate, moved to Seattle, and married Marguerite P. Laimee in Olympia, Washington. They settled into a twelve-room white frame house in Seattle with a garage in the back.  Marguerite was a good business woman, and she directed her husband's money into real estate.  He owned office buildings, apartment houses, and hotels. He grew fat, eventually weighing well over two hundred pounds.  With the passing years, his fortune multiplied as well.

Yet throughout his life George could not stop looking for gold.  He worked several claims in California, on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, and in the Cascade Mountains east of Seattle.  George was determined to find another mother lode and re-create the exciting moment of discovery he had experienced as a young man on Bonanza Creek.  George died in 1922,  at age sixty-one, while working a new claim. He is interred at Evergreen Washelli Memorial Park.

George's daughter with his first wife, Graphie, married Marguerite's brother. Together with his sister, Rose, Graphie challenged and settled out of court the appointment of Marguerite as administrator of Carmack's estate.

See also
 Jim Robb (painter)
 Mount Carmack

References

 
 
 Blum, Howard (2011). The Floor of Heaven: A True Tale of the Last Frontier and the Yukon Gold Rush. Crown Publishers. .

1860 births
Place of death missing
1922 deaths
People of the Klondike Gold Rush
Gold prospectors
Canadian gold prospectors
American emigrants to Canada
Grenaa Line

The Grenaa Line () is a  long standard gauge single track railway line in Denmark which runs between Aarhus and Grenaa through the peninsula of Djursland. The railway opened in 1876–1877. It is owned and maintained by Rail Net Denmark and served with passenger trains by the Danish State Railways (DSB). It now functions as a commuter rail service in the Aarhus area and carries 1 million passengers annually.

History 

The section from Ryomgård to Grenaa was opened in 1876 together with the Randers-Ryomgaard Line. The section from Aarhus to Ryomgaard was opened in 1877. The two railways were operated by the joint operating company Østjyske Jernbane (ØJJ). Both lines were taken over by the Danish State Railways in 1885. Passenger traffic on the Randers-Ryomgaard Line ceased in 1971.

The Grenaa Line was around 2006 upgraded to support higher speeds. In 2012, eight new Siemens Desiro diesel trains started operation here and on the Odder Line, under the brand name Aarhus Commuter Rail ().

Stations
Grenaa station
Trustrup station
Kolind station
Ryomgård station
Mørke station
Hornslet station
Løgten station
Skødstrup station
Hjortshøj station
Hovmarken railway halt
Lystrup station
Torsøvej station
Vestre Strandallé railway halt
Østbanetorvet station
Skolebakken railway halt
Aarhus Central Station

Previous stations 
Ålsø railway halt
Homå railway halt
Hallendrup railway halt
Koed railway halt
Thorsager station
Risskov station
Den Permanente railway halt
Europaplads railway halt

Future propositions 
The line is currently being adapted for the Aarhus Light Rail (), an electric tram-train service scheduled for opening in 2017, but the Grenaa Line in 2018.

References

External links 

 Banedanmark
 DSB
 Aarhus Letbane

Railway lines in Denmark
Railway lines opened in 1876
Railway lines opened in 1877
1876 establishments in Denmark
1877 establishments in Denmark
Rail transport in the Central Denmark Region
Țarcu Mountains

The Țarcu Mountains are a mountain range in the southwestern Romania, at the western edge of the Southern Carpathians. They are located between the Bistra Valley (to the south), Timiș River (to the east), Godeanu Mountains (to the northwest) and Râul Mare Valley (to the west), the last one being a natural barrier between them and the Retezat Mountains.
The Țarcu Mountains have been declared Natura 2000 protected area since 2007 because they shelter valuable biodiversity and spectacular nature.
Together with the Retezat Mountains, the Godeanu Mountains and Cernei Mountains they form the last European Intact Forest Landscape, if we do not take boreal forests (from Scandinavia and Russia) into account.

Geology
Most rocks in the range are crystalline, with few areas with sedimentary rocks. As such, the mountains are massifs, cut by narrow valleys. Limestone is found only in a few places. Erosion has formed several very prominent platforms, such as the Borăscu platform. Glaciers were present during the ice ages, leaving glacial calderas and small glacial lakes, such as the Bistra Lake.

Climate
Because of the western climatic influences, the amount of rainfall in the Țarcu Mountains is quite large. Snow may fall at altitudes above 1500 metres at any time in the year, while the snow pack usually lasts from October or November until June or even July in the glacial calderas of the highest peaks.

Important peaks
 Vârful Țarcu, 2190 metres, has a weather station on its top.
 Vârful Pietrii, 2192 metres, dominating the Bistra Lake.
 Vârful Căleanu, 2190 metres.
 Muntele Mic, 1802 metres, has a ski resort.
 Măgura Marga, 1503 metres, dominating the Marga village.
 Vârful Cuntu, 1441 metres, has a weather station nearby.

External links
 Intact Forest Landscapes
 Alpinet
 Tarcu Mountains Natura 2000 Site, in Romanian
 Carpathians Mountains, in Romanian

Mountain ranges of Romania
Mountain ranges of the Southern Carpathians
Geography of Caraș-Severin County
Banat
Parakrama Kodituwakku

Kala Suri Parakrama Kodituwakku, is a notable Sinhala poet. After the revival and experimentations of Sinhala poetry during the 1950s and 1960s, the 1970s were marked by the rise of several young poets including Parakrama Kodituwakku, Monica Ruwanpathirana and Rathna Sri Wijesinghe. His "Podi Malliye" (1972) was praised by critics and after "Otunna Hini Kumaraya" (1975) he didn't publish anything new until the 1990s except several poems in newspapers.

Books 
 Podi Malliye (1973)
 Akeekaru Puthrayaku Ge Lokaya (1974)
 Aluth Minihek Awith (1975)
 Pibidena Peya (1979, first Sinhala translations of poetry by Tamil labourers)
 Indu saha Lanka (1979, first Sinhala translations of Tamil poems of Sri Lanka and India)
 Otunna Himi Kumaraya
 Rashmi (1992, State Literary Award for Best Poetry)
 Dewinage Minisun (1996, Jayasankha Independent Literary Award for Best Poetry)
 Diwaman Gajaman (1999, Self-Publishers Award for Best Poetry)
 Lovi Kahata (2000, State Literary Award for Best Poetry, Vidyodaya University Award for Best Poetry)
 Aloka Minisa (2004, Swarna Padma Award for Best Poetry)
 Jyothi Rashmi Rathri (2006)
 Sansareta Mang Asai (2007)
 Rosa Male Hadawatha (2008, short stories)
 Mahathek Sitee Hondin (2009)
 Jeewika Asillehi (2010)
 Oba Samaga (2010, novel)
 Sulange Diwu Kella (2011, short stories)
 Rathu Rosa Nil Rosa (2013, Red Roses Blue Roses, Sinhala translations of 20th century poetry from around the world)
 Clara (2014, novel)
Mama Wahinawa(2017,poetry)

References

Sinhalese writers
Living people
Sri Lankan poets
1965 births
Kala Suri
Bigod family

The Bigod family was a medieval Norman family, the second Earls of Norfolk, the first being Ralph de Guader.

Succession
Roger Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk, father of the true 1st Earl
Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1095–1177), second son, and heir, of Roger Bigod, founder of the English family of this name
Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk, son and heir of 1st earl
Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk (1186–1225), son and heir of 2nd earl
Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk, son of 3rd earl. No male issue, passes to nephew Roger
Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk, son of Hugh Bigod (Justiciar), heir of 4th earl. No male issue; lands and titles revert to crown

Other
William Bigod, first son of Roger Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk, lost in the White Ship Disaster
William Hugh Bigod, other son of 2nd Earl
Hugh Bigod, second son of Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk (more specifically first son by second marriage)
Hugh Bigod (Justiciar) (?–1266), the youngest son of 3rd earl, father of 5th earl
Sir Francis Bigod
 Bigod's Rebellion

See also
Framlingham Castle
Bungay Castle
Orford Castle
The Anarchy
First Barons' War
Second Barons' War
House of Burgh
Digital Subscriber System No. 2

Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. 2 (DSS2), as the successor to DSS1, is also a digital signalling protocol (D channel protocol) used for the B-ISDN.

References 

Integrated Services Digital Network
Ben Caldwell (cartoonist)

Ben Caldwell is an American artist known for his work in toy design, animation development, children's book illustration, and comic book illustration.

Early life
Ben Caldwell graduated from the Parsons School of Design for Illustration, and Eugene Lang College for Ancient History.

Career
Most of Caldwell's work has been for DC Comics, Marvel Comics, Sterling Books, and ToyBiz (on projects including The Lord of the Rings, Spider-Man, X-Men, World Championship Wrestling, and Harry Potter). His comics cover work includes Justice League Unlimited, Red Sonja, Vampirella, All-Star Batman, John Carter of Mars/Mars Attacks, and Snagglepuss Chronicles. Caldwell's book and comic credits started with Wonder Woman children's books and the initial Star Wars: Clone Wars comic. Later comic work includes many one-shot and supplementary stories such as The Suicide Squad vs The Banana Splits, Superboy: Future's End, Justice League Unlimited, Convergence: Infinity Inc vs Jonah Hex, and random misadventures of Harley Quinn.

Ben Caldwell's most widely known work is the Action! Cartooning series of 'how-to' books and the All-Action Classics comics including Dracula, Tom Sawyer, The Odyssey, and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz for Sterling; script and art for an oversized (and polarizing) Wonder Woman story for DC Comics' Wednesday Comics series; the award-winning 2015 Prez reboot miniseries from DC Comics (w. Mark Russell), a 2016 run on A-Force for Marvel Comics (w. Kelly Thompson), and an as-yet untitled Carrie Kelley graphic novel (w. Frank Miller).

Caldwell began his comics career with the creator-owned and award-losing Dare Detectives comic, which has been reprinted or rebooted at various times. "Dare" was inspired by his Eighth Grade algebra class, as a way to avoid Eighth Grade Algebra.

Personal life
Ben Caldwell lives in Pennsylvania with his family and large collection of Chinese murder mysteries.

References

External links
Action! Cartooning (official site)
https://www.amazon.com/Dare-Detectives-Snow-Pea-Plot/dp/1936393417

Parsons School of Design alumni
Living people
1973 births
American cartoonists
2004 UEFA European Under-21 Championship

The 2004 UEFA European Under-21 Championship was the 14th staging of UEFA's European Under-21 Championship. The final tournament was hosted by Germany between 27 May and 8 June 2004.

Italy U-21s won the competition for the fifth time. Italy's Alberto Gilardino won the Golden Player award.

The top three teams in this competition qualified for Athens 2004 Olympics, along with hosts Greece U21s.

Qualification

The 48 national teams were divided into ten groups (two groups of four + eight groups of 5). The records of the ten group runners-up were then compared.  The top six joined the ten winners in a play-off for the eight finals spots.  One of the eight qualifiers was then chosen to host the remaining fixtures.

Squads

Matches

Group stage

Group A

Group B

Knockout stage

Semi-finals

Olympic play-off

Final

Goalscorers

4 goals
 Alberto Gilardino
 Johan Elmander
3 goals
 Hugo Almeida
 Markus Rosenberg
2 goals
 Benjamin Auer
 Daniele De Rossi
 Giuseppe Sculli
 Danko Lazović
1 goal
 Alexander Hleb
 Raman Kirenkin
 Pavel Kirylchyk
 Aleh Shkabara
 Niko Kranjčar
 Mario Lučić
 Eduardo da Silva
 Thomas Hitzlsperger
 Bastian Schweinsteiger
 Cesare Bovo
 Giampiero Pinzi

1 goal, cont.
 Carlitos
 Luis Lourenço
 Carlos Martins
 Pedro Oliveira
 Jorge Ribeiro
 Hugo Viana
 Branislav Ivanović
 Goran Lovre
 Miloš Marić
 Dejan Milovanović
 Simon Vukčević
 Stefan Ishizaki
 Jon Jönsson
 Babis Stefanidis
 Tranquillo Barnetta
 David Degen
 Baykal Kulaksızoğlu
 Johan Vonlanthen

Own goals
 Kim Jaggy (for Sweden)

Medal table and Olympic qualifiers 
 Greece (as hosts), Italy, Serbia & Montenegro and Portugal qualify for the Olympic games finals.
See Football at the 2004 Summer Olympics

External links 
 Results Archive at UEFA.com
 RSSSF Results Archive at rsssf.com

 
Under-21 Championship
UEFA European Under-21 Championship
International association football competitions hosted by Germany
UEFA
Football qualification for the 2004 Summer Olympics
UEFA European Under-21 Championship 
UEFA European Under-21 Championship 
UEFA European Under-21 Championship
Billy Birrell

William Birrell (13 March 1897 – 29 November 1968) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a forward.

Career 
Birrell made over 220 appearances as a forward in the Football League for Middlesbrough. He also made over 120 appearances in the Scottish League for Raith Rovers. He began his career in management while a player at Raith Rovers and after his retirement, he managed Football League clubs Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic and Queens Park Rangers.

On 19 April 1939, he was appointed the new Chelsea manager. The Second World War forced the Football League to be abandoned less than half a year following Birrell's appointment. During wartime, he led Chelsea to two consecutive Football League War Cup South Final at Wembley, winning the cup in 1945.

In wartime, Birrell developed the idea of a youth team for Chelsea, and on 25 May 1940, the Chelsea Junior team, a team which included future England manager Ron Greenwood, played their first match against Queens Park Rangers. Birrell's plan was fully implemented after the war, with the sponsorship of The Tudor Rose Boys' Club, allowing them to run four teams in the Harrow and Wembley League.

Personal life 
Birrell's brother Bob was also a footballer.

Career statistics

Player

Manager

Honours

As a player 
Middlesbrough

 Football League Second Division: 1926–27

As a manager 
Chelsea

Football League South War Cup: 1943–44, 1944–45

References

External links 

 
Billy Birrell at chelseafc.com

Scottish men's footballers
Scottish football managers
Raith Rovers F.C. players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. managers
Chelsea F.C. managers
1897 births
1968 deaths
Raith Rovers F.C. managers
Scottish Football League managers
Men's association football inside forwards
Men's association football outside forwards
English Football League players
English Football League managers
Inverkeithing United F.C. players
Kirkcaldy United F.C. players
Prime Minister Cup (Go)

The Prime Minister Cup was a Go competition.

Outline
The Prime Minister Cup ran from 1961 to 1981. It was used by the Nihon Ki-in The first 18 titles were decided in a knockout tournament. The last two years, the format was changed to a best-of-three match between finalists from a large knockout.

Past Winners & Runner-up's

Go competitions in Japan
Jumpman

Jumpman may refer to:

Sports 

Jumpman (logo), based on a silhouette of Michael Jordan and first used on Nike's Air Jordan shoes

Arts 

"Jumpman" (song), the Drake and Future song from What a Time to Be Alive
Jumpman (film), 2018 Russian film

Video games 

Jumpman (video game), an early platform game written by Randy Glover and released by Epyx in 1983
 Jumpman, the original name of the Nintendo character Mario in the 1981 game Donkey Kong
Menchi-katsu

is a Japanese breaded and deep-fried ground meat patty; a fried meat cake. The meat is usually ground beef, pork, or a mixture of the two. It is often served in inexpensive bento and teishoku.

Preparation
The ground meat is mixed with chopped onion, salt, and pepper, and made into patties. Flour is applied on both sides of these patties. They are coated with beaten eggs, further coated with bread crumbs, and deep fried until golden brown. The bread crumbs, called panko, are specially dehydrated and have a coarser texture than other bread crumbs. Katsu are usually served with Japanese Worcestershire sauce or tonkatsu sauce (a variant of Worcestershire thickened with fruit and vegetable purees) and sliced cabbage.

Etymology
Menchi and katsu are phonologically modified versions of the words "mince" and "cutlet". Katsu may refer to any deep-fried meat cutlet coated with flour, egg, and bread crumbs. It is an example of yōshoku, or foods adapted from western cuisine. Katsu by itself usually refers to tonkatsu, which is made with pork cutlets.

While menchi-katsu is used prevalently in eastern Japan, in western Japan it is more commonly called .

See also

 Kofta
 List of deep fried foods

References

Breaded cutlets
Deep fried foods
Ground meat
Japanese fusion cuisine
The Remix War

The Remix War is a remix album by Pitchshifter, released in November 1994 by Earache. The EP is composed of remixes of select songs from Pitchshifter's prior release, Desensitized. The bands who worked on the remixes were Therapy?, Gunshot, and Biohazard.

Track listing

Japanese edition bonus tracks

Personnel

Pitchshifter
 J.S. Clayden – vocals, production (1, 3, 5, 7)
 J.A. Carter – guitar, programming, production (1, 3, 5, 7)
 M.D. Clayden – bass, production (1, 3, 5, 7)
 'D'.J. Walters – percussion, production (1, 3, 5, 7)

Technical personnel
 Jase Cooper – pre-production assistant (1, 3, 5, 7)
 Ric Peet – engineering (1, 3, 5, 7)
 Tim Boland – engineering (2)
 Lorcan Cousins – assistant engineering (2)
 No Sleep Nigel – engineering (4)
 White Child Rix – production (4)
 John Travis – engineering (6)
 A. Salas – assistant engineering (6)
 Billy Graziadei – production (6)
 Omni-Design – cover design

References

Pitchshifter albums
1995 remix albums
Earache Records remix albums
Aleksander Kogoj

Aleksander Kogoj is a Slovenian film director, born 1965 in Ljubljana.
His interest in film making began at an early age. As a teenager he wrote a good deal, and his passions were special effects. His skills as a musician meant he could combine sound and visuals, which led to his first experimental film, 'Keketz'.

His first television show was called 'Music Boutique' (Glasbeni butik). When he was a student he also worked as a script writer for commercials.
Since 1993 he has made numerous commercials and music videos.
In 2000 he received the TV Slovenia Award for Best Creation. He specializes in comedy and storytelling, and is also a master at special effects and compositing.

External links
 Aleksander Kogoj web page

1965 births
Living people
Slovenian film directors
Film people from Ljubljana
Penyffordd

Penyffordd or Pen-y-ffordd is a village, community and electoral ward in Flintshire, Wales, situated to the south east of Buckley and to the west of Chester. The name is derived from the Welsh Pen Y Ffordd – roughly translated as "the highest or furthest point of the road". The resident population of Penyffordd, as measured in the 2001 Census, was 3,715, increasing to 3,874 at the 2011 census.

Penyffordd lies to the east of A550, south of its junction with the A55 (North Wales Expressway). The ward consists of the neighbouring villages of Penyffordd and Penymynydd, which are a ribbon development along the line of the former major road. There's also a zebra crossing which has been instated because former resident Adam Livingstone was hit by a motorist there.  

A hamlet named Pen-y-ffordd is also in Flintshire. It is located between Holywell and Prestatyn, near Mostyn.

Community

Local amenities and landmarks include a village hall and war memorial. Penyffordd has its own Village Institute, Scout group, Girl Guides group and local youth club. An annual children's competition called the Penyffordd and Penymynydd Youth Festival is held in the village.

Sport and leisure in the village include Pen-y-ffordd Tennis Club, a bowling green, and Penyffordd Dancing School.  The village has two pubs, the Red Lion and the Millstone.

The village is served by Ysgol Penyffordd (comprising the former Penyffordd County Primary and Abbots Lane Infant schools). The local secondary school is Castell Alun High School, which is in the nearby village of Hope.

Penyffordd has two places of worship: Trinity Chapel (Presbyterian & Methodist) and Emmanuel (Church in Wales).

Penyffordd railway station is on the Corwen road, which is on the Borderlands Line from Wrexham to Bidston in Birkenhead.

References

External links 

Photos of Penyffordd and surrounding area on geograph.org.uk

Villages in Flintshire
Communities in Flintshire