alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Caturaí

Caturaí is a municipality in central Goiás state, Brazil.

Caturaí is 32 kilometers north of Goiânia and belongs to the Anápolis Microregion.  It is connected to the state capital by highway GO-070.  Neighboring municipalities are:  Inhumas, Goiânia, Santa Bárbara de Goiás, Araçu, Avelinópolis, and Trindade.

Geography
The climate is tropical with minimum temperatures of 17 °C and maximums of 27 °C.  The terrain is flat and is bathed by the Rio Peixe, which has its source in the municipality of Inhumas, and the Rio Anicuns, which forms the boundary with Avelinópolis.  The vegetation, characterised by cerrado is rich in forest and fertile lands.

Demographics
Population density: 21.61 inhabitants/km2 (2007)
Population growth rate:  0.79% 1996/2007
Population in 2007: 4,477 (3,899 in 1980)
Urban population in 2007: 3,341 (1,553 in 1980)
Rural population in 2007: 1,136 (2,346 in 1980)

Economy
The main economic activity is cattle raising, but there are also plantations of beans, soybeans, corn, and peanuts.
Industrial establishments: 12 (June 2007)
Retail commerce establishments: 22 (August 2007)
Banking establishments: none (August 2007)

Agricultural data 2006
Farms:  325
Total area:  14,359 ha.
Area of permanent crops: 217 ha.
Area of perennial crops: 1,848 ha.
Area of natural pasture:  10,147 ha.
Area of woodland and forests:  1,863 ha.
Persons dependent on farming:  1,060
Farms with tractors: 58
Number of tractors:  75
Cattle herd:  22,500 head IBGE

Health and education
The infant mortality rate in 2000 was 21.15.  There were 03 public health clinics (SUS) in 2003.  The literacy rate in 2000 was 83.2.  There were 03 primary schools in 2006, with 23 classrooms, 48 teachers, and 1,482 students.  Caturaí had a score of 0.728 on the Municipal Human Development Index, ranking it 152 (out of 242 municipalities) in the state and 2,471 (out of 5,507 municipalities) in the country.

History
The town of Caturaí was founded in 1940 by members of the Spiritualist religion near the river called Rio do Peixe in the municipality of Inhumas.  A church, Centro Espírita Santo Antônia de Pádua, was built and it soon attracted more settlers who came seeking miraculous cures.  The first name of the town was Santo Antônio de Pádua.  Soon there were around 600 inhabitants.  In 1958 it was elevated to municipal status.

See also
List of municipalities in Goiás

References

Frigoletto
Highway distances

Municipalities in Goiás
Frank Bowyer

Francis "Frank" Bowyer (10 April 1922 – 11 November 1999) was an English footballer who played as an inside forward for Stoke City.

Career
Bowyer was born in Chesterton, Staffordshire and played for Stoke-on-Trent schools before joining Stoke City's ground staff at 15. He signed professional forms in July 1939 just before the start of World War II and he played 28 matches in 1940–41 as also guested for Derby County during the war. He missed all of Stoke's 1946–47 season due to his national service. He was demobbed in February 1948 and made his Football League debut two months short of his 26th birthday some nine years after signing as a professional.

He was renowned for his powerful volley shot and he top scored for Stoke in 1948–49 scoring 21 goals which put him up there with the best in the country. He then handed in a transfer request which was accepted by manager Bob McGrory who wanted to swap him for Bolton's Willie Moir but Bowyer changed his mind and withdrew his request and he remained at Stoke for the rest of his career. He top scored again in 1949–50 with 15 then with 19 in 1950–51. Stoke under new manager Frank Taylor suffered relegation in 1952–53 and Bowyer was top goalscorer in 1953–54, 1955–56 and 1959–60 as Stoke failed to gain a return to the top flight. Taylor paid the price for failure and was replaced by Tony Waddington who deemed the 38-year-old Bowyer surplus to requirements and he was released which caused some controversy as he was only three league goals short of Freddie Steele's record of 140. He ended his career with three years as a player manager of Macclesfield Town.

Post retirement
He moved to Newquay with his wife where he became a school caretaker. He died in a hospital in Truro after a short illness in November 1999 aged 77.

Career statistics

References

1922 births
1999 deaths
English men's footballers
English football managers
People from Chesterton, Staffordshire
Stoke City F.C. players
English Football League players
Macclesfield Town F.C. players
Newquay A.F.C. players
Macclesfield Town F.C. managers
Men's association football inside forwards
Footballers from Staffordshire
Alexander Mathisen

Alexander Myhre Moccia Mathisen (born 24 November 1986) is a retired Norwegian footballer.

Career
Born in Oslo, Mathisen played for the youth team of the Italian side Parma. He made his Norway youth international debut the same year.

In 2004, he made his debut in the Tippeligaen with Vålerenga.

Ahead of the 2008 season, Mathisen joined Aalesund from Vålerenga.

Career statistics

References

External links
 
 
 

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Oslo
Norwegian people of Italian descent
Men's association football midfielders
Norwegian men's footballers
Norway men's youth international footballers
Norway men's under-21 international footballers
Vålerenga Fotball players
Aalesunds FK players
Lierse S.K. players
Hønefoss BK players
Eliteserien players
Belgian Pro League players
Norwegian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
List of ship commissionings in 1922

The list of ship commissionings in 1922 includes a chronological list of all of the ships that were commissioned in 1922.


References

See also 

1922
 Ship commissionings
Uncle Dad

Uncle Dad was a children's sitcom on CITV in the UK, produced by SMG Productions.

Plot
The show was about brothers and sisters who were forced to live with their uncle in a house full of various animals and creepy crawlies. The children stick together while dealing with their clueless uncle who wants to get rid of them. In a house that's part jungle, part zoo (and all mad), Uncle Roy and the kids battle it out to decide whose rules prevail.

Characters
Justin is the oldest of the children. He's 16 and used to taking on the role of head of the family. He's not very experienced with the fairer sex, and the battle with his geeky image sometimes masks the fact he's a really nice guy.

Charlie is the rebel daughter, whose ambition is to make it as a thrash guitarist.

Anna is the tidy mother figure whose greatest dream is to be Head Prefect.

Wind-up merchant Elliot is the ginger troublemaker of the family.

Debs is the baby, but she is the wisest. She hasn't spoken since their mother died and in place of speech she expresses her feelings through drawing. She is a compulsive knitter.

Broadcast
Uncle Dad was made for ITV by STV Studios (then known as "SMG Productions"). A rerun of the show began on STV's kids series wknd@stv in August 2009.

References

External links

ITV children's television shows
Television series by STV Studios
List of ship decommissionings in 1923

The list of ship decommissionings in 1923 includes a chronological list of ships decommissioned in 1923.  In cases where no official decommissioning ceremony was held, the date of withdrawal from service may be used instead.


References

See also 

1923
 Ship decommissionings
 Ship launches
Ship launches
Araçu

Araçu is a municipality in central Goiás state, Brazil.

Location
Araçu is part of the Anápolis Microregion and is a short distance northwest of the state capital, Goiânia.  It has boundaries with Itaberaí, Itauçu, and Caturaí. The distance to the state capital, Goiânia, is  and highway connections are made by GO-070 / Goianira / GO-523 / Caturaí / GO-222.

Demographics
The population density was 25.26 inhabitants/km2 (2007) with 3,343 people living in the urban areas and 537 living in the rural areas.  The population growth rate was  0.49% for the period 1996/2007)

Economy
The economy is based on cattle raising (19,500 head in 2006), services,  public administration, and agriculture.  The main agricultural products in 2006 were bananas, coffee, garlic, rice, sugarcane, beans, corn, and tomatoes.  There were no financial institutions reported in 2007.
Industrial establishments: 6
Retail commerce establishments: 26
Automobiles: 314

Agricultural data 2006
Farms:  171
Total area:  
Area of permanent crops: 
Area of perennial crops: 
Area of natural pasture:   
Area of woodland and forests:   
Persons dependent on farming:  620
Farms with tractors: 33
Number of tractors:  47
Cattle herd:  19,500 head IBGE

Health and education
There was one small hospital with 16 beds in 2006.  The infant mortality rate was 17.97 in 2000.  In the educational sector there were 1,093 students attending primary and middle schools.  The literacy rate was 81.5% in 2000.
(IBGE 2004).  The classification on the Human Development Index was 0.733.  This ranked 130 (out of 242 municipalities) in the state and 
2,337 out of 5,507 municipalities in the country.

History
Araçu began on the ranch owned by José Jacinto da Silva, where there was a cemetery built in 1911.  In 1912 Silva donated part of his land for the building of a chapel.  From 1925 to 1930 with the arrival of the families of Antônio Camargo and João Faria, the settlement known as São Sebastião do Salobro, began to grow.  In 1935 it belonged to the municipality of  Itauçu and in 1941 it became a district with the name Araçu, a Tupi term that means "Terra Grande" (Large Land).  In 1958 it was dismembered from Itauçu and became a municipality.  Source: Sepin

See also
List of municipalities in Goiás

References

 Frigoletto
 Highway Distances from Goiânia

Municipalities in Goiás
Burning Ship fractal

The Burning Ship fractal, first described and created by Michael Michelitsch and Otto E. Rössler in 1992, is generated by iterating the function:

 

in the complex plane  which will either escape or remain bounded. The difference between this calculation and that for the Mandelbrot set is that the real and imaginary components are set to their respective absolute values before squaring at each iteration. The mapping is non-analytic because its real and imaginary parts do not obey the Cauchy–Riemann equations.

Implementation 

The below pseudocode implementation hardcodes the complex operations for Z. Consider implementing complex number operations to allow for more dynamic and reusable code. Note that the typical images of the Burning Ship fractal display the ship upright: the actual fractal, and that produced by the below pseudocode, is inverted along the x-axis.

 for each pixel (x, y) on the screen, do:
     x := scaled x coordinate of pixel (scaled to lie in the Mandelbrot X scale (-2.5, 1))
     y := scaled y coordinate of pixel (scaled to lie in the Mandelbrot Y scale (-1, 1))
 
     zx := x // zx represents the real part of z
     zy := y // zy represents the imaginary part of z 
 
     iteration := 0
     max_iteration := 100
   
     while (zx*zx + zy*zy < 4 and iteration < max_iteration) do
         xtemp := zx*zx - zy*zy + x 
         zy := abs(2*zx*zy) + y // abs returns the absolute value
         zx := xtemp
         iteration := iteration + 1
 
     if iteration = max_iteration then // Belongs to the set
         return insideColor
 
     return (max_iteration / iteration) × color

References

External links

About properties and symmetries of the Burning Ship fractal, featured by Theory.org
Burning Ship Fractal, Description and C source code.
Burning Ship with its Mset of higher powers and Julia Sets
Burningship, Video,
Fractal webpage includes the first representations and the original paper cited above on the Burning Ship fractal.
3D representations of the Burning Ship fractal
FractalTS Mandelbrot, Burning ship and corresponding Julia set generator.

Fractals
Articles with example pseudocode
Puderbach

Puderbach is a municipality in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated in the Westerwald, approx. 25 km north of Koblenz.

Puderbach is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Puderbach.

References

Neuwied (district)
Stefan Hammarén

Stefan Hammarén is a Finnish author who writes in Swedish, belonging to the Swedish-speaking minority of the country.  He is the leading Scandinavian surrealist author, language anarchist, poet and text technician.  He cannot be placed in any literary tradition, but his novels have recurring aspects of puns and wordplay, dadaistic eagerness and literary puzzles, and contain erotic digressions.  His texts are extremely verbose with few visible threads, let alone plot or characterization, and have a distinct embellishment in a baroque pattern, partly with a Shakespearean solemnity.   They resemble Joyce's verbal virtuosities in Finnegans Wake.

Hammarén's "Sopptrilogi" ("Soup Can Trilogy", 2001–2005) deals with the saucepan-land colonization, in which ingredients and constituents are plentiful. The trilogy's first novel was published in 2001 and called "Med en burk soppa", it was continued by "Konservöppnare bok" in 2003 and finally "På burklös mark" in 2005. His novel "Loserförfattarfabriken" (the station for loser authors) is a satire, making the authors culture a dream for citizens, whose backside they do not understand the hell themselves. All his fictional production is published by small-scale publisher "h:ström - Text & Kultur" of Umeå, Sweden.

Hammarén has also written poems, dramas, short stories and a translation and free interpretation of Guy de Maupassant's "Horla", amongst others.  His Le Horla translation being unfaithful to the French original, it aroused the ire of noted Swede critic Carl Rudbeck in the Dagens Nyheter.  An opposing view soon appeared in the Svenska Dagbladet.

Bibliography
Med en burk soppa (2001)
konservöppnare bok (2003)
På solfläckens barnhem (2003) (collection of poems)
Fluga diversé (2004) 
Horla (2004)
På burklös mark (2005)
Melåhner o smörgromskrasse (2007) (collection of poems)
1, 2 (2009) (collection of poems, with Emma Ehrlekrona)
Hydrolith: Surrealist Research & Investigations, Hydrolith Editorial Collective 2010 (in a surreal anthology)
S:t Största skarabéerboken (2010)
Tredje generation skarabéerbok (2012)
Första skarabéerboken (2012)
Flickan fr. spikregnet (2014)
Loserförfattarfabriken (2017)

References

Living people
1966 births
Finnish male novelists
Swedish-language writers
20th-century Finnish novelists
21st-century Finnish novelists
20th-century Swedish male writers
21st-century male writers
Rengsdorf

Rengsdorf is a municipality in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated in the Westerwald, approx. 10 km north of Neuwied.

Rengsdorf is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Rengsdorf-Waldbreitbach.

Today Rengsdorf is a regional well known  ("air spa") with popular forest walks. The Rheinsteig, a  hiking trail, also passes by the village.

Economy

Lohmann & Rauscher, a developer, producer, and seller of medical devices and hygiene products has one of its headquarters in Rengsdorf (the other one in Vienna, Austria). The headquarter of , a travel operator, is located in Rengsdorf as well as the one of , a confectionery machinery manufacturer. Since 1997, Winkler und Dünnebier Süßwarenmaschinen GmbH belongs to the Maschinenbau Runkel GmbH, a mechanical engineering company that is also seated in Rengsdorf. Other companies with their seat in Rengsdorf are meta Trennwandanlagen GmbH & Co. KG, a manufacturer for cubicle systems, personal and storage lockers and changing rooms and the monte mare Betriebs GmbH, a bath operator.

Notable people
Fritz Henkel (1848–1930), founder of the Henkel Group
Norbert van Heyst (b. 1944), senior commander in the German Army and commander of the ISAF

References

Neuwied (district)
Robert Prévost

Robert Prévost,  (1927–1982) was a Canadian set designer.

He designed sets for Canada's major stage productions, including the Stratford Festival, Les Grands Ballets Canadiens and the Royal Winnipeg Ballet.

In 1972, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada and was promoted to Officer in 1978.

External links
 Fonds D'Archives Robert Prévost 

1927 births
1982 deaths
Officers of the Order of Canada
People from Montreal
Canadian scenic designers
Canadian theatre designers
The Last Days of Louisiana Red

The Last Days of Louisiana Red (1974) is a novel written by Ishmael Reed. It is considered a model novel of the Black Arts Movement and contains many elements of postmodernism. It continues the story of the character Papa LaBas introduced in Reed's previous novel, 1972's Mumbo Jumbo. The book emphasises voodoo. According to Kirkus Reviews, "Reed's hoodoo/mojo/gris gris/Mumbo Jumbo has a wickedly funny vitality that undermines white European ideology."

Plot summary
The Last Days of Louisiana Red, which has been described as a "HooDoo detective story and a comprehensive satire on the explosive politics of the '60s", set amidst the racial violence of Berkeley, California. The story follows investigator Papa LaBas as he tries to figure out who murdered Ed Yellings, the proprietor of the Solid Gumbo Works. In the story, Labas finds himself fighting the rising tide of violence propagated by Louisiana Red and the militant opportunists, the Moochers. Eventually, Labas learns that the murder has been a conspiracy to dethrone the Gumbo business because Ed was trying to create medicine that would stop heroin addiction.

Characters 
Ed Yellings - the proprietor of the Business known as Solid Gumbo Works. He is murdered early in the novel, and his Business is passed on to his son, Wolf.
Wolf - one of the two sons of Ed Yellings.
Sister - one of the daughters of Ed Yellings.
Minnie - the youngest daughter of Ed Yellings, she leads a society known as the Moochers.
Papa Labas - a sort of detective character who tries to figure out the mystery behind Ed Yellings' murder.
Nanny Lisa - a nanny who lives at the home of Ed Yellings and takes care of the children. She forms a very special bond with Minnie.

References

External links
 Author maintained web site 

1974 American novels
African-American novels
American satirical novels
Fiction about Louisiana Voodoo
Novels by Ishmael Reed
Novels set in the 1960s
Novels set in the San Francisco Bay Area
Random House books
Unkel

Unkel is a town in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, near Remagen, about 20 km southeast of Bonn.

Unkel is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Unkel.

Religion 

Unkel is mainly Roman Catholic. Approximately 55% of the inhabitants are Roman Catholic, and 15% Protestant. 18% of the residents do not belong to a religious denomination, 8% are Muslim.

Geography

Location 

The town is located at the edge of the Rhine-Westerwald Nature Park in the middle of the Rhine Valley, its centre is about 4 km away from the border to North Rhine-Westphalia.

Neighbouring settlements 

Unkel is surrounded from north to south by the settlements of Rheinbreitbach, Bruchhausen, Windhagen, Linz, Erpel, and Remagen.

Subdivisions 

Unkel has three subdistricts: Unkel, Scheuren and Heister.

Sights

The most important sight is the "Freiligrathaus", which is located at the Rhine promenade. It is a baroque palace, built in  1760. Ferdinand Freiligrath lived there from 1839 until 1841.

The rich-featured Catholic parish church "St. Pantaleon" accommodates a feretory (a receptacle for the relics of saints).
Additionally, most of the old town wall is well preserved.

Twin town
  Kamen, Germany
  Ushuaia, Argentina

Famous townsfolk 

 Stefan Andres, author of the novella Wir sind Utopia.
 Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967), who became first Chancellor of West Germany, found refuge in Unkel during the time of national socialism.
 Willy Brandt (1913–1992), former Chancellor of Germany, spent the last years of his life, from 1979 until 1992, in Unkel. Many famous politicians visited him there, like Helmut Kohl and Mikhail Gorbachev. The market place is named after him. His work room can be visited on request.
 Stephan Fahrig (1968–2017), lightweight rower and a sports scientist
 Ferdinand Freiligrath (1810–1876), a German writer, started his literary career in Unkel. The house he lived in is now called Freiligrathhaus.
 Fritz Henkel (1875–1930), son of Friedrich Karl Henkel (1848–1930), the inventor of Persil (laundry detergent) and founder of the Henkel Company, had his summer home in Unkel. He donated a fire-brigade car and a park, which was named after him.
 Leonhard Reinirkens, a writer, is honorary citizen of Unkel.
 Anne Bierwirth, contralto, was born here.

References



Populated places on the Rhine
Neuwied (district)
List of ship decommissionings in 1927

The list of ship decommissionings in 1927 includes a chronological list of all ships decommissioned in 1927.


July

14 July 

 T-3 ():  Ex-AA-3; decommissioned and sold for scrap

November

10 November 

 Geranium (): Arabis-class sloop

References

1927
 
Ship
Brian Fisher (biologist)

Brian L. Fisher (born 1964/65) is a field biologist who works on the systematics of arthropods, with a particular focus on ants. He has discovered over 1000 species, including 900 species of ants in Madagascar. He mainly conducts field work in Madagascar and Africa.

Career
After working with the Smithsonian Institution in Panama Fisher did a PhD on ant systematics at UC Davis. He is the curator and chairman of the entomology department of the California Academy of Sciences. Fisher is also the present executive director of the Bibikely Biodiversity Institute and the Madagascar Biodiversity Center.

He is known for naming Proceratium google after Google Inc.

The ant genus Fisheropone is named in his honour.

IPSIO 
In 2016, Fisher launched IPSIO (Insects and People of the Southwest Indian Ocean). IPSIO was launched to develop a team approach to solving current conservation issues.

Personal life
Fisher grew up in Normal, Illinois, and was inducted into the Pioneer Hall of Fame at Illinois State University Laboratory School.

References

External links
Antweb
Bibikely Biodiversity Institute
Video interviews by California Academy of Sciences
CV on Discoverlife.org

American entomologists
Living people
Myrmecologists
University of California, Davis alumni
21st-century American zoologists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Smithsonian Institution people
People associated with the California Academy of Sciences
American curators
Methylation specific oligonucleotide microarray

Methylation specific oligonucleotide microarray, also known as MSO microarray, was developed as a technique to map epigenetic methylation changes in DNA of cancer cells.

The general process starts with modification of DNA with bisulfite, specifically to convert unmethylated cytosine in CpG sites to uracil, while leaving methylated cytosines untouched. The modified DNA region of interest is amplified via PCR and during the process, uracils are converted to thymine. The amplicons are labelled with a fluorescent dye and hybridized to oligonucleotide probes that are fixed to a glass slide. The probes differentially bind to cytosine and thymine residues, which ultimately allows discrimination between methylated and unmethylated CpG sites, respectively.

A calibration curve is produced and compared with the microarray results of the amplified DNA samples. This allows a general quantification of the proportion of methylation present in the region of interest.

This microarray technique was developed by Tim Hui-Ming Huang and his laboratory and was officially published in 2002.

Implications for cancer research 

Cancer cells often develop atypical methylation patterns, at CpG sites in promoters of tumour suppressor genes. High levels of methylation at a promoter leads to downregulation of the corresponding genes and is characteristic of carcinogenesis. It is one of the most consistent changes observed in early stage tumour cells. Methylation specific oligonucleotide microarray allows for the high resolution and high throughput detection of numerous methylation events on multiple gene promoters. Therefore, this technique can be used to detect aberrant methylation in tumour suppressor promoters at an early stage and has been used in gastric and colon cancers and multiple others. Because it allows one to detect presence of atypical methylations in cancer cells, it can also be used to reveal the major cause behind the malignancy, whether its main contributor is mutations on chromosomes or epigenetic modifications, as well as which tumour suppressor genes' transcription levels are affected. An interesting use of this microarray includes specific classification of cancers based on the methylation patterns alone, such as differentiating between classes of leukemia, suggesting that different classes of cancer show relatively unique methylation patterns. This technique has also been proposed to monitor cancer treatments that involve modifying the methylation patterns in mutant cancer cells.

References

External links 

 Resources, information and specific protocols for DNA Methylation Analysis
 Software for DNA Methylation Analysis

Cancer research
Microarrays
Anchiskhati Basilica

The Anchiskhati Basilica of St Mary () is the oldest surviving church in Tbilisi, Georgia. It belongs to the Georgian Orthodox Church and dates from the sixth century.

History
According to the old Georgian annals, the church was built by the King Dachi of Iberia (circa 522-534) who had made Tbilisi his capital. Originally dedicated to the Virgin Mary, it was renamed Anchiskhati (i.e., icon of Ancha) in 1675 when the treasured icon of the Savior created by the twelfth-century goldsmith Beka Opizari at the Ancha monastery in Klarjeti (in what is now part of northeast Turkey) was moved to Tbilisi to preserve it from an Ottoman invasion. The icon was preserved at the Basilica of St Mary for centuries (it is now on display at the Art Museum of Georgia).

The basilica was damaged and rebuilt on several occasions from the 15th through 17th centuries due to wars between Georgia and the Persians and Turks. The brick belfry near the Anchiskhati Basilica was built by Catholicos Domenti in 1675.

The look of the structure was drastically changed in the 1870s, when a dome was added. During the Soviet period, all religious ceremonies at Anchiskhati Basilica were halted, and the building transformed into a museum for handicrafts. It was later used as an art studio. From 1958 to 1964 restoration works took place in celebration of the 1500th Jubilee of the founding of Tbilisi, which changed the view of the church back to the seventeenth-century version, however, it was not until 1991, after the independence of Georgia was restored, that the basilica reverted to religious use.

The Anchiskhati Choir based out of the Anchiskhati Basilica  is the world's leading exponent of Georgian polyphonic choral music.

Architecture
Anchiskhati Basilica is a three-span basilica, divided by two abutments forming horseshoe shaped conches, which indicates the antiquity of its construction. Originally constructed of blocks of yellow tuff stone, the 1958-1964 restoration made extensive use of brick. The structure has entrances on three sides, but today only the western entrance is in use. Aside from the altarpiece, which was painted in 1683 by order of Catholicos Nikoloz Amilakhvari, all of the remaining paintings in the church date from the 19th century.

References 

Abashidze, Irakli. Ed. Georgian Encyclopedia. Vol. IX. Tbilisi, Georgia: 1985.
Amiranashvili, Shalva. History of Georgian Art. Khelovneba: Tbilisi, Georgia: 1961.
Grigol Khantsteli. Chronicles of Georgia.
Rosen, Roger. Georgia: A Sovereign Country of the Caucasus. Odyssey Publications: Hong Kong, 1999.

External links

Tbilisi city government site

Georgian Orthodox churches in Tbilisi
Eastern Orthodox church buildings in Georgia (country)
6th-century churches
The Red in the Sky Is Ours

The Red in the Sky Is Ours is the debut album by the Swedish death metal band At the Gates released on 27 July 1992. It was re-released in 1993 along with With Fear I Kiss the Burning Darkness and then in 2003 with bonus tracks.

Background information
When At the Gates began recording The Red in the Sky Is Ours, the group had been together for a mere year. In comparison to 1991 EP Gardens of Grief, guitarist Anders Björler feels that The Red in the Sky Is Ours is more structured. In certain instances, Björler deems the record "experimental" nonetheless. At this time, the group's members started to learn about one another musically. Björler was at the time very inspired by guitarist Alf Svensson's ideas, and called them "over the top" and "extremely challenging". However, Björler went on to comment that the group "tried too hard to impress people with too many riffs and weird songwriting".

Björler has criticised the production also, dubbing it "weird" and "very weak-sounding".

Reception
Decibel awarded the album an induction into the Decibel Magazine Hall of Fame in September 2014, becoming the second At the Gates album to receive such award.

Track listing

Credits
At the Gates

Songwriting Credits:
1.	The Red in the Sky Is Ours/The Season to Come - (Björler/Lindberg)/(Traditional)
2.	Kingdom Gone - (Björler, A./Svensson/Lindberg)
3.	Through Gardens of Grief - (Svensson/Björler, A./Lindberg)
4.	Within - (Svensson/Björler/Lindberg)
5.	Windows - (Björler, A./Lindberg)
6.	Claws of Laughter Dead - (Svensson/Björler/Lindberg)
7.	Neverwhere - (Svensson/Lindberg)
8.	The Scar - (Björler, A./Lindberg)
9.	Night Comes, Blood Black - (Svensson/Björler, A./Lindberg)
10.	City of Screaming Statues - (Svensson/Björler, A./Lindberg)

Recording Line-Up:
Tomas Lindberg – vocals
Anders Björler – guitars
Alf Svensson - guitars
Adrian Erlandsson – drums
Jonas Björler - bass
Tony Andersson - bass guitar (credited but does not perform on the album)

Guest musician:
Jesper Jarold – violin on "The Season to Come", "Through Gardens of Grief", "Within" and "Neverwhere"

References

1992 debut albums
At the Gates albums
Peaceville Records albums
Lord Justice

Lord Justice may refer to:
 A member of a collective regency in the temporary absence of the sovereign or viceroy:
 Lords Justices of Ireland, in the absence of the chief governor
 Under the Regency Acts until 1840, if the monarch died while the heir was abroad, Lords Justices would be appointed until the new monarch arrived.
 Lords Justices appointed during the absence of King George I in 1719, when the king was in Hanover
 Style of various senior judges in Britain or Ireland
 Lord Justice of Appeal in England and Wales (since 1875)
 Lord Justice of Appeal in Ireland (1877–1924)
 Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland (since 1921)
 Lord Justice of Appeal in Chancery (1851–1875)
 Lord Justice of Appeal in Chancery in Ireland (1856–1877)
 Lord Justice Clerk second most senior judge in Scotland
 Lord Justice General senior criminal judge in Scotland, since 1836 merged with Lord President of the Court of Session

See also
 Lord Chief Justice (disambiguation)
 Lord Judge, style of Igor Judge, Baron Judge 
 Lady Justice, an allegorical personification of the moral force in judicial systems 
 Justice Lord (disambiguation)
Maghrib (disambiguation)

The Maghrib prayer is the fourth daily salat in Islam, offered just after sunset.

Maghrib or Maghreb may also refer to:

 Greater Maghreb, a region of North Africa west of Egypt
 Maghrebis, inhabitants of the Greater Maghreb
 Morocco, whose Arabic name is al-Maghrib, "the Maghrib"
 Moroccans, inhabitants of Morocco
 Maghrebi script, a form of Arabic calligraphy
 Magrib (film), a 1993 Indian Malayalam film
 Maghreb, Iran, a village in Fars Province, Iran

See also
Al Gharbiyah (disambiguation)
Arab Maghreb Union
Maghrebi mint tea
Barbary Coast
Tamazgha
West
Hermitage Theatre

The Hermitage Theatre () in Saint Petersburg, Russia is one of five Hermitage buildings lining the Palace Embankment of the Neva River.

The Hermitage Theatre was the second theatre of the Winter Palace. It replaced the Russian Imperial Theater, which operated from 1764 until 1783. The Hermitage Theatre was built between 1783 and 1787 at the behest of Catherine the Great to a Palladian design by Giacomo Quarenghi. The crumbling Third Winter Palace of Peter the Great was demolished to make room for the new structure, although its old foundations are still visible in the ground floor. Quarenghi's designs for the theatre were engraved and published in 1787, earning him a European reputation.

The semicircular auditorium is decorated with color marble and surrounded with ten niches for statues of Apollo and the muses. As the interior has never been overhauled, the original stage machinery remains in situ, but the elaborate sets, an acclaimed work of the Italian artist Pietro Gonzaga (1751-1831), were lost during the years of Soviet neglect.

The ceremonial opening of the theatre took place on 22 November 1785. Though the auditorium could seat no more than 250 spectators, it was often overcrowded. Usually, the performance would be attended by several dozen aristocratic spectators, all invited by the monarch herself. As a sign of gratitude, a separate loge was reserved for the architect Quarenghi and his family. In the 19th century, selected members of the diplomatic corps were admitted to the theatre as well.

Although the building was used to entertain the imperial family until the Russian Revolution, it came to be viewed as a rare monument to Catherine's personal tastes and affections. The empress brought out several comedies specifically to be staged in this theatre, which also saw the premieres of Domenico Cimarosa's operas composed to her own librettos. As for the costumes, they were chosen from a 15,000-dress personal wardrobe of the late Empress Elizabeth.

Mathilde Kschessinska, Anna Pavlova, and Fyodor Chaliapin were among the great artists who performed at the Hermitage Theatre for the last Russian tsar. Among the ballets performed there was the premiere of Marius Petipa's Harlequinade, in 1900. The Bolsheviks closed the theatre and utilised the building for administrative purposes. It was not until 1991 that performances were resumed on this stage, with the likes of Svyatoslav Richter, Mstislav Rostropovich and Yelena Obraztsova appearing as guest stars.

References 
Avramenko S.I. Воспоминания об Эрмитажном театре. SPb, 1992.

External links 
Website of the Hermitage Theatre
Website of the Hermitage Museum
Historical outline

Theatres in Saint Petersburg
Neoclassical architecture in Russia
Hermitage Museum
Theatres completed in 1787
1785 establishments in the Russian Empire
1780s establishments in the Russian Empire
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Saint Petersburg
Koonsville, Pennsylvania

Koonsville is a former American town that is now a section of Union Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. It is located approximately one mile outside Shickshinny, along Route 239 and McKendree Road. Its elevation is approximately 616 feet (188 m).

History
Formerly known as Arch Bridge, this town was named for the stone bridge that crosses Shickshinny Creek. It served as a logging community until the Battle of Wyoming in 1778, when most of the white settlers fled their homes, fearing Iroquois raids. Several farmers and loggers returned a few years later to rebuild, including Shadrick Austin, who bought  of land and, in 1801, established the Austin Family Inn.

Upon the establishment of the post office in 1850, the area was incorporated and renamed as Koonsville to honor William Koons, the town's first postmaster, who had moved to the area and occupied the Austin family inn that year.

That post office was decommissioned at the beginning of World War II; Koonsville is now serviced by the Shickshinny post office.

References

Unincorporated communities in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania
Trevor Bigham

Sir Frank Trevor Roger Bigham, KBE, CB (22 May 1876 – 23 November 1954) was an English barrister, an Assistant Commissioner of the London Metropolitan Police from 1914 to 1931, and Deputy Commissioner from 1931 to 1935. He was the first officer to hold the position of Deputy Commissioner as a separate rank and not as an honorary title while also serving as an Assistant Commissioner.

Early life and education
Trevor Bigham was the third son (although the second surviving) of the judge, John Charles Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey, and was entitled to the style "The Honourable" after 1910 due to his father's peerage. He was a King's Scholar at Eton College from 1890 to 1895, and then went up to Magdalen College, Oxford. He took a second in Mods in 1895 and a first in Literae Humaniores in 1899. In 1901, he was called to the Bar by the Middle Temple. On 24 January 1900, he was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the 24th (Territorial Force) Battalion, Middlesex Regiment.

Police career
On 4 December 1909, Bigham was appointed the Chief Constable of the Metropolitan Police  Criminal Investigation Department (CID). On 29 January 1914, he succeeded Frederick Bullock as Assistant Commissioner "L", in charge of the Legal Department of Scotland Yard. During the First World War, he spent most of his time dealing with the control of aliens, and in 1919 he was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB).

On 6 November 1922, Bigham and his colleague, Assistant Commissioner Frank Elliott, were sent a box of chocolate éclairs poisoned with arsenic. Luckily, they were suspicious and did not eat them, and Walter Tatam, who had a history of mental problems, was later found guilty of attempted murder.

In 1928, he became Assistant Commissioner "C", in charge of CID. He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the Metropolitan Police Centenary Honours of 3 June 1929.

Following the sudden death of Sir Charles Royds on 5 January 1931, Bigham succeeded him as Assistant Commissioner "A", in charge of administration and uniformed operations and with the courtesy title of Deputy Commissioner. He also immediately became Acting Commissioner, as Lord Byng was absent on medical leave in France. Shortly afterwards, following a reorganisation, he became solely Deputy Commissioner, being succeeded as Assistant Commissioner "A" by Lieutenant-Colonel David Allan. Bigham retired in January 1935.

Family
Bigham married, at Temple Church, London, on 17 December 1901, Frances Leonora Tomlin, daughter of J. L. Tomlin. They had two daughters. She died in 1927, and four years later he married Edith Drysdale, a civilian official at Scotland Yard.

Footnotes

External links
Photographic portrait of Bigham in the National Portrait Gallery

Assistant Commissioners of Police of the Metropolis
Deputy Commissioners of Police of the Metropolis
1876 births
1954 deaths
English barristers
Members of the Middle Temple
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Younger sons of viscounts
Medical Examination of Young Persons (Non-Industrial Occupations) Convention, 1946

Medical Examination of Young Persons (Non-Industrial Occupations) Convention, 1946 is  an International Labour Organization Convention.

It was established in 1946 with the preamble stating:

Ratifications
As of 2013, the convention has been ratified by 39 states.

External links 
Text.
Ratifications.

International Labour Organization conventions
Youth rights
Treaties concluded in 1946
Treaties entered into force in 1950
Treaties of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania
Treaties of Algeria
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of Azerbaijan
Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Treaties of Bolivia
Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
Treaties of Cameroon
Treaties of the Comoros
Treaties of Czechoslovakia
Treaties of the Czech Republic
Treaties of Cuba
Treaties of Djibouti
Treaties of Ecuador
Treaties of El Salvador
Treaties of the French Fourth Republic
Treaties of Greece
Treaties of Guatemala
Treaties of Haiti
Treaties of Honduras
Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
Treaties of the Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)
Treaties of Israel
Treaties of Italy
Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
Treaties of Lebanon
Treaties of Luxembourg
Treaties of Malta
Treaties of Nicaragua
Treaties of Panama
Treaties of Paraguay
Treaties of Peru
Treaties of the Polish People's Republic
Treaties of Portugal
Treaties of the Soviet Union
Treaties of Slovakia
Treaties of Francoist Spain
Treaties of Tajikistan
Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Treaties of Uruguay
Occupational safety and health treaties
1946 in labor relations
Wood's glass

Wood's glass is an optical filter glass invented in 1903 by American physicist Robert Williams Wood (1868–1955), which allows ultraviolet and infrared light to pass through, while blocking most visible light.

History
Wood's glass was developed as a light filter used in communications during World War I. The glass filter worked both in infrared daylight communication and ultraviolet night communications by removing the visible components of a light beam, leaving only the "invisible radiation" as a signal beam.  Wood's glass was commonly used to form the envelope for fluorescent and incandescent ultraviolet bulbs ("black lights"). In recent years, due to its disadvantages, other filter materials have largely replaced it.

Composition
Wood's glass is special barium-sodium-silicate glass incorporating about 9% nickel oxide.  It is a very deep violet-blue glass, opaque to all visible light rays except longest red and shortest violet.  It is quite transparent in the violet/ultraviolet in a band between 320 and 400 nanometres with a peak at 365 nanometres, and a fairly broad range of infrared and the longest, least visible red wavelengths.

Properties and uses
Wood's glass has lower mechanical strength and higher thermal expansion than commonly used glasses, making it more vulnerable to thermal shocks and mechanical damage.

The nickel and barium oxides are also chemically reactive, with tendency to slowly form a layer of hydroxides and carbonates in contact with atmospheric moisture and carbon dioxide.

The susceptibility to thermal shock makes manufacture of hermetically sealed glass bulbs difficult and costly. Therefore, most contemporary "black-light" bulbs are made of structurally more suitable glass with only a layer of a UV-filtering enamel on its surface; such bulbs, however, pass much more visible light, appearing brighter to the eye. Due to manufacturing difficulties, Wood's glass is now more commonly used in standalone flat or dome-shaped filters, instead of being the material of the light bulb.

With prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, Wood's glass undergoes solarization, gradually losing transparency for UV.

Photographic filters for ultraviolet photography, notably the Kodak Wratten 18A and 18B, are based on Wood's glass.

Health effects
Bulbs made of Wood's glass are potentially hazardous in comparison with those made of enameled glass, since the reduced visible light output may cause observers to be exposed to unsafe levels of UV, because the source appears dim. The low output of black lights is not considered sufficient to cause DNA damage or cellular mutations, but excessive exposure to UV can cause temporary or permanent damage to the eye.

See also
 Black light
 Dichroic filter
 Wood's lamp

References

Further reading
 
 
 

Optical filters
Glass trademarks and brands
Glass compositions
American inventions
Hala Strana

Hala Strana is the name of a recording project of American musician Steven R. Smith. Smith began recording under the name in 2002 as an outlet which allowed him to explore the traditional music of Eastern Europe more fully than possible with his solo work.   Although numerous musicians have contributed to the project, including Glenn Donaldson, Loren Chasse, and Darren Ankenman, most Hala Strana recordings are solo productions. His recordings have included such diverse instruments as hurdy-gurdy, bouzouki, harmonium, spike fiddles, bulbul tarang, the optigan keyboard, xaphoon, and field recordings. Hala Strana's releases have featured arrangements of traditional music from Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Albania, Ukraine and Bulgaria as well as original music influenced by the music of these areas. Hala Strana has recorded for a number of independent labels such as Soft Abuse, Last Visible Dog, Jewelled Antler, and Emperor Jones.

Discography

 Karst E.P. – 3”CDr (Jewelled Antler, 2003)
 Hala Strana – CD (Emperor Jones, 2003), LP (Desastre, 2017)
 Fielding – 2xCDr (Jewelled Antler, 2003), 2xCD (Last Visible Dog, 2004), 2xLP (Worstward/Desastre 2020)
 These Villages – CD (Soft Abuse, 2004)
 White Sleep - 7" lathe cut (Soft Abuse, 2006) 
 Heave the Gambrel Roof - LP/CD (Music Fellowship, 2007)
 Compendium - DL (Worstward Recordings, 2011)
 Hala Strana Boxset - 5xCS box set (Cabin Floor Esoterica, 2014)

References

External links
 Official site
 Hala Strana at Emperor Jones
 Foxy Digitalis interview
 Worstward Recordings Bandcamp site

American experimental musical groups
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Mumble Bumble

Mumble Bumble is a children's animated television series created by Christian Skjøtt and produced by Egmont Imagination and the CINAR Corporation (now WildBrain).

Overview and production
It follows the adventures of an imaginative blue hippopotamus named Mumble Bumble, the title character, and his best friends, Chic'o, the inquisitive chicken, and Greens, the busy frog who never looks before he leaps. Recurring characters include Roc and Oink.  The idea, which is designed to be both educational and entertaining for a preschool audience, was devised by a mastermind named Christian Skjøtt, creator of the show.

Television airing
In Canada, it was broadcast on CBC Television and on Knowledge Kids. In foreign countries, it was also broadcast on Rai 3 in Italy, CITV and Tiny Living in the United Kingdom, Network 2 in Ireland, La Cinquième in France, Kindernet in the Netherlands, ZAZ in Mexico, SABC2 and on e.tv in South Africa, ABS-CBN in the Philippines, ATV in Hong Kong and TV Cultura in Brazil. It did not air in the U.S.

References

External links
 

CBC Television original programming
Canadian children's animated adventure television series
Canadian children's animated fantasy television series
Television series by Cookie Jar Entertainment
1990s Canadian animated television series
2000s Canadian animated television series
1998 Canadian television series debuts
2000 Canadian television series endings
Canadian preschool education television series
Animated preschool education television series
1990s preschool education television series
2000s preschool education television series
Animated television series about mammals