alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Eris (dwarf planet)

Eris (symbol ) is a dwarf planet and a trans-Neptunian object (TNO). It is the second-largest known dwarf planet in the Solar System. Eris is slightly smaller than Pluto, but it has more mass) than Pluto. 

It is a "scattered disc object" in the Kuiper belt, further out than Pluto. It is also called a plutoid because the IAU decided to rename all trans-Neptunian dwarf planets as plutoids. Eris orbits the sun once every 557 Earth years. It has an elliptical orbit, inclined at an angle of 44° between the plane of the orbit of the planet and the ecliptic, the plane containing Earth's orbital path. 

Eris has one moon, called Dysnomia.

Discovery
Eris was discovered by Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo and David Rabinowitz on January 5, 2005, when they were having a close look at some images of the outer Solar System taken in 2003.

Naming
Eris was originally called Xena, after the main character of the television series Xena: Warrior Princess.  Due to complications, it was officially named Eris on September 13, 2006. Eris is named after the goddess of strife, discord, ⁣ contention and rivalry in Greek mythology.

Moon of Eris
Eris has one moon called Dysnomia. It was discovered on September 10, 2005. Dysnomia was originally nicknamed Gabrielle, after a character from the television series Xena: Warrior Princess, like Eris. However, like Eris, it was renamed to Dysnomia due to complications. Dysnomia was named after the daughter of Eris, in Greek mythology. Dysnomia is the goddess (or spirit) of lawlessness and poor civil constitution.

Classification
Media reports have argued that Eris is the tenth planet, along with astronomers and NASA scientists.  However, the definition of a planet was changed in August 2006. Under the new specifications, Eris, along with Pluto, was lowered in status to a dwarf planet.

Future
Scientists continue to find out more about Eris and its moon, and look for more moons and possible rings. Because Eris is so far away, it would take 24.5 years to visit Eris with a space probe.

References and notes

Related pages
 Dwarf planet
 Pluto

Other websites 

Eris
Mike Tyson

Michael Gerard Tyson (June 30, 1966) is an American retired boxer. In 1986, he had his 28th professional match (or fight) as a professional boxer; Because he won that fight also, the World Boxing Council (WBC) gave him the title "World Champion". Tyson is regarded as one of the greatest boxers of all time due to his dominance and timing.

Mike Tyson became a professional boxer in 1985 and won a heavyweight title from Trevor Berbick in 1986. He was the youngest man to win a heavyweight title belt. He became recognized as the undisputed champion when he beat Tony Tuker in 1987. His 91-second obliteration of Michael Spinks in 1988 was the zenith of his boxing fame and ability. He lost his title to Buster Douglas in 1990. Tyson won his first 19 professional bouts by knockout, 12 of them in the first round.

In 1992, he was convicted of the rape of Desiree Washington, and served three years in prison. When he was released he started boxing again and won a few heavyweight titles. His first fight after jail was against Peter McNeeley which he won almost with ease. Evander Holyfield was the first fighter to beat him in his return. In the rematch he infamously bit a part off of Holyfields ear. Tyson also fought Lennox Lewis, who beat him, too. He retired from boxing in 2005.

Mike Tyson refereed one match at WrestleMania 14 and later on wrestled in a tag-team match on WWE Raw where he betrayed his partner, Chris Jericho. For these efforts, he was inducted in the WWE Hall of Fame in 2012. He has his a video game called Mike Tyson's Punch Out! named after him. Inducted to the International boxing hall of fame in 2011.

He converted to Islam and became a Muslim he adopted the name Malik Abdul Aziz; other sources reported this name as Malik Shabazz.

References

Other websites 
 Boxing Record

1966 births
African-American boxers
American rapists
Criminals from New York City
Living people
Sportspeople from New York City
WWE Hall of Fame
International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees
Cleveland

Cleveland is a city in northern Eastern Ohio, United States. It is home to over 400,000 people. It was named for General Moses Cleaveland in 1796, but according to legend a mistake in a local newspaper left out the first "a" in its name, which is why it is spelt like it is today. Its metropolitan area makes it the largest urban division in the state. 

During the 19th century, Cleveland's location at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River and Great Lakes port helped make it an important industrial center of the central United States. During World War II, the city became a center of manufacturing and industry, but deindustrialization caused a decline after that. Cleveland had a major revival in the 1980s and 1990s: The Playhouse Square theaters were restored, new skyscrapers like the BP Building and the Key Tower were built, new stadiums were built, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was opened on the lakefront. After a smaller decline in the 2000s, Cleveland has begun to make another comeback.  

Cleveland is home to the Great Lakes Brewing Company and Cleveland Orchestra.

Many professional sports teams make their home in or near Cleveland. They include the Cleveland Indians, who play baseball; the Cleveland Browns, who play football; and the Cleveland Cavaliers, who play basketball. Both the Indians and the Cavaliers have their games at the Gateway District in Downtown while the Browns have a stadium on the shores of Lake Erie. The city's sports teams are known for having not won a major championship from the 1964 NFL Championship Game to the 2016 NBA Finals. The city also hosted the Cleveland Grand Prix IndyCar race until 2008.

Economy 
In the past, Cleveland's economy relied on steel mills and manufacturing. Both are still a major part of the city today, but heavy industry in the area is much smaller than it once was. The city is known today for being a big center for medicine and medical technology, and the Cleveland Clinic is one of the most important hospital systems in the country.

Some major large companies are headquartered in the city, including Sherwin Williams Paint, Cliffs Natural Resources, and Key Bank.

Culture 
Cleveland is a big center for the performing arts, and is the home of Playhouse Square, the second largest theater district in the United States (the largest is Lincoln Center). The complex was built in the 1920s, and after being closed down were restored and reopened in the 1980s.

The Cleveland Orchestra is considered one of the world's finest, and is one of the "Big Five" in the United States. It plays at Severance Hall, in the University Circle neighborhood. It has a major rock music scene, and is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, which is located on the lake in a building designed by IM Pei, a famous architect.

A diverse city, it has vibrant Italian, Irish, African American, Polish, Hungarian, Slovak, Czech, Puerto Rican, Romanian, Jewish, Croatian, and Greek communities, among many others.

References

Other websites 
 City Of Cleveland Home Page 
 Greater Cleveland Convention and Visitors Bureau
 Encyclopedia Of Cleveland History 
 Cleveland, Ohio Citizendium

 
County seats in Ohio
Lexus

Lexus is a luxury car line produced by the Toyota company. Its worldwide motto is "The Pursuit of Perfection '''' slogan in the United States is "The Passionate Pursuit of Perfection"''.

Vehicles 
 

Toyota
Automobile companies of Japan
Against

Against can mean:
 in an opposite direction - walking against the wind
 in front, touching, or resting  - The man was standing against the tree.
 in opposition - against all odds
 in competition - The boy played chess against his father.
 touching with strong force - Ocean waves crash against the swimmer.
 as a protection from - She used an umbrella against the strong rain."

Other meanings
 Against'' was the seventh album by Brazilian thrash metal band Sepultura. It came out in 1998 from Roadrunner Records.

Basic English 850 words
VOA Special English words
Dentition

Dentition is the development of teeth and where the teeth are in the mouth. Almost all mammals have up to four different types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Animals that have different types of teeth are called "heterodont". If they do not, they are called "homodont".

In mammals, the young have a set of primary teeth (milk teeth) that fall out after a few years. When they fall out, adult teeth grow in. Animals that have milk teeth and adult teeth are called diphyodont.

Archaeology 
Dentition is important in archaeology. Dentition is used to study human migration. Tooth enamel contains trace elements which show where they grew.

Related pages 
Teeth
Dental formula

References 
Adovasion J. M. and David Pedler. 2005. The peopling of North America. North American Archaeology. Blackwell, Oxford. 35-36.

Other websites 
 Colorado State's dentition page 

Dentistry
Teeth
Plectrum

A plectrum or pick is a small object used to play certain types of string instruments. The plectrum is held in the hand and used to pluck a string. This makes a hard, metallic, "twangy" sound. The instruments most commonly plucked include the guitar, lute and mandolin. The strings of a harpsichord are also plucked, although the plectra in this instrument are called "jacks". They pluck the string when the player presses a key down.

Plucked string instruments
Danny Barker

Danny Barker (January 13, 1909 – March 13, 1994) was a New Orleans jazz singer-songwriter and musician.

References

1909 births
1994 deaths
African-American singers
American guitarists
American jazz musicians
American singer-songwriters
Musicians from New Orleans
Singers from New Orleans
20th-century American guitarists
Charlie Christian

Charles Henry "Charlie" Christian (July 29, 1916 – March 2, 1942) was an American jazz guitarist. Christian is best known as one of the first famous guitarists to play the electric guitar. He is also remembered as one of the first musicians to help create the styles of jazz music known as "bebop" and "cool jazz."

Career 
Christian first gained fame as a member of the Benny Goodman Orchestra. He played with Goodman from August 1939 to June 1941. He was very good at playing many notes up and down on a sinle guitar string. By playing his guitar through an amplifier his guitar solos made the guitar very loud in the band.

Death 
Christian died in March 1942 when he was only 26 years old. He had been sick with tuberculosis for several years before he died. 

Even though he was jazz guitarist who died before the music style rock and roll was started, he was still a large influence on rock and roll musicians. It was because of this that in 1990 Charlie Christian was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame even though he had never played rock and roll music.

Legacy 
Charles Henry Christian was raised in Oklahoma City in the American state of Oklahoma. In 2006 Oklahoma City renamed a street to "Charlie Christian Avenue." There is also a yearly jazz music festival in Oklahoma City which is named after Charlie Christian.

References 

1916 births
1942 deaths
American guitarists
American jazz musicians
Musicians from Oklahoma
Franco Cerri

Franco Cerri (January 29, 1926 – October 18, 2021) was an Italian jazz guitar player.

Cerri was seen as the most authoritative Italian guitarist in the jazz field, and his innate sympathy has meant that many viewers, seeing its shares on TV (especially in the 60s), come close to jazz, and studying guitar.
Much appreciated at the international level, has worked with notable musicians such as Django Reinhardt, Gorni Kramer, Chet Baker, Gerry Mulligan, Billie Holiday, Stéphane Grappelli, Lee Konitz, Dizzy Gillespie, Tullio De Piscopo, Pino Presti, Jean-Luc Ponty.

Cerri died on 18 October 2021 in Milan, Italy, at the age of 95.

Discography

Albums 

 1952 - The Franco Cerri Quintet, with Flavio Ambrosetti
 1958 - Jazzin' with Cerri
 1959 - Franco Cerri and his European Jazz Stars, with Lars Gullin, Flavio Ambrosetti, George Gruntz,  Karl Theodor Geier, Pierre Favre
 1960 - Franco Cerri Quartet
 1960 - Franco Cerri Quartet and Choristers
 1961 - Franco Cerri International Jazz Meeting
 1963 - Bossa nova (Columbia, QPX 8043)
 1964 - Chitarra, QPX 8059)
 1966 - 12 bacchette per una chitarra 1968 - La sera a casa con te (Compagnia Generale del Disco CGD, POP 73)
 1970 - Franco Cerri Jazz (Dire, FO 338)
 1973 - Metti una sera Cerri (Music, LPM 2012; with Nando De Luca, Pino Presti and Tullio De Piscopo)
 1974 - From Cathetus to Cicero, with Stefano Cerri and Gianluigi Trovesi
 1975 - A Limen 1975 - Querce platani e cerri 1976 - Nuages (Dischi Ricordi)
 1976 - Franco, Tony e Pompeo (Mallobia, LP 003; with Tony Scott and Bunny Foy)
 1977 - Un suo modo di dire (Dire, FO 347)
 1978 - Noi duero 1979 - Demoiselle 1981 - Omaggio a Bill Evans (Dire, FO 361; with Enrico Intra and Lucio Terzano)
 1982 - Effetto Alfa 1984 - Franco Cerri Today! (Dire, FO 372)
 1985 - From Milan to Frankfurt 1990 - Jazz in Italy (with Enrico Intra quartet; Ariston Records, ARJ/701)
 1990 - Di jazz in jazz (Dire, FO386)
 1993 - Cerri & Cerri 1995 - A Django, en souvenir de Milan 1997 - From Milan to Brussels 1998 - Images 1999 - Di Jazz in Cerri...di Cerri in Jazz 2000 - In punta di Cerri 2003 - From Cathetus to Cicero (re-edit - CD)
 2004 - Ieri & oggi (re-edit of Metti Una sera Cerri + bonus tracks - CD)
 2006 - Just Smile (host)
 2011 - Bossa with Strings (Blue Serge)
 2012 - Cerrimedioatutto'' (M.A.P. Golden Jazz)

References 
 

Italian jazz musicians
Italian guitarists
1926 births
2021 deaths
Eddie Condon

Albert Edwin "Eddie" Condon (November 16, 1905 – August 4, 1973) was a Chicago jazz/big band rhythm guitarist.

American jazz musicians
Musicians from Indiana
1905 births
1973 deaths
Al Di Meola

Al Laurence Di Meola (born July 22, 1954) is a Jazz fusion guitarist. He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey.

American guitarists
American jazz musicians
Musicians from New Jersey
1954 births
Living people
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina was one of the deadliest hurricanes to ever hit the United States and the second Category 5 hurricane of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.

Storm history 

The storm formed over the Bahamas on August 23, where it moved west and hit south Florida as a Category 1 hurricane two days later. Katrina then crossed over Florida and strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane moving west in the Gulf of Mexico. 

The storm then turned north, had an eyewall replacement cycle, and hit east Louisiana and Mississippi, flooding coastal areas on the morning of August 29. 

The leftovers of Katrina then died out over the Great Lakes on August 31.

Impact 
80% of New Orleans was flooded when the levees protecting the city broke. Most of the people killed by Katrina were thought to have died from drowning. Many of the survivors had swum to higher roofs or tree branches.

Related pages
 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
 Hurricane Rita
 Meteorological history of Hurricane Katrina
 Hurricane Katrina tornado outbreak
 National Weather Service bulletin for New Orleans region
 List of hurricanes in Florida

References

Other websites 

 National Hurricane Center's Tropical Cyclone Report on Hurricane Katrina
 National Hurricane Center's archive on Hurricane Katrina
 Hurricane Katrina Rainfall Information from HPC 
 Hydro-meteorological Prediction Center's 
 NASA's Hurricane Katrina Archive 
 Geology and Hurricane-Protection Strategies in the Greater New Orleans Area  Louisiana Geological Survey publication on Hurricane Katrina

2005 in the United States
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
George W. Bush
2000s in Louisiana
 
Hurricanes in the United States
Retired tropical cyclone names
2005 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricanes in Louisiana
Deadly storms
Carlos Fuentes

Carlos Fuentes (11 November 1928 – 15 May 2012) was a Mexican novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and diplomat. 

Fuentes was born in Panama City, Panama. His father was a Mexican diplomat, and while Fuentes was growing up, the family moved to different countries in South America and then to the United States. 

He got a degree in law from the National Autonomous University of Mexico, but instead of being a lawyer, he chose to be a diplomat and writer. He published his first novel, called La región más transparente (Where the Air Is Clear in English) in 1958. From 1975 to 1977, Fuentes was Mexico's ambassador to France. He died in Mexico City, Mexico from a haemorrhage.

References

Other websites 

People from Panama City
Deaths from hemorrhage
Mexican historians
Mexican poets
Mexican journalists
Mexican novelists
Mexican screenwriters
1928 births
2012 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Mexico
Saint Anna

Saint Anna is the mother of Virgin Mary and the grandmother of Jesus. Her husband is Saint Joachim. Her name is a version of the Hebrew name Hanna. Anna means grace.

According to tradition, Joachim went to a temple to pray, but was not allowed in because he did not have a child. Anna heard, prayed, and sacrificed. She promised God that she would bring up a child in God's name. An angel came to Anna and Joachim and told them that God would grant her a baby. Anna had the baby soon after and named the girl Mary. Anna kept her promise. When Mary was about three years old Joachim and Anna brought her up in the Second Temple.

Once, as Anna prayed beneath a laurel tree near her home in Galilee, an angel appeared and said to her, "Anna, Anna, the Lord has heard your prayer, and you shall conceive, and shall bring forth; and your seed shall be spoken of in all the world." Anna replied, "As the Lord my God lives, if I beget either male or female, I will bring it as a gift to the Lord my God; and it shall minister to Him in holy things all the days of its life." This is how Anna became the mother of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

The feast (name) day of St. Anna and St. Joachim is July 26.

Early Christian saints
Zagreb

Zagreb is the capital city and the largest city of the country of Croatia. It has a population of 792.000 people and its metropolitan area (Zagreb County, Krapina-Zagorje County and Sisak-Moslavina County) has a population of 1.2 million (2005).

The first mention of the name Zagreb appeared in 1094.

Sister cities 

Zagreb is officially twinned with the following towns and cities:
  Mainz, Germany, since 1967
  Saint Petersburg, Russia, since 1968)
  Tromsø, Norway, since 1971
  Kyoto, Japan, since 1972
  Kraków, Poland, since 1975
  Lisbon, Portugal, since 1977
  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S., since 1980
  Shanghai, China, since 1980
  Bologna, Italy, since 1984
  Budapest, Hungary, since 1994
  Vienna, Austria, since 1994
  Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 2001
  Ljubljana, Slovenia, since 2001
  Podgorica, Montenegro, since 2006

References

Other websites 
 Official website of the City of Zagreb

 
Establishments in Croatia
11th-century establishments in Europe
1090s establishments
1094
Swedish

Swedish might mean:

Anything related to the country Sweden
Swedish language, the language spoken in Sweden.
Swedish people, who are nationals or citizens of Sweden
Swedish Empire, which existed from 1611 to 1718
Hoffish is a dialect of Swedish
Swedish krona

The Swedish krona is the currency of Sweden.  The country of Sweden has used this money since 1873. In the English language, the Swedish krona means the Swedish Crown. The Swedish crowns consist of:

1 öre (coin) *1991
2 öre (coin) *1991
5 öre (coins) *1991
10 öre (coins) *1991
25 öre (coin) *1991
50 öre (coin) *2010
1 crown (coin)
2 crown (coin) ***
5 crown (coin)
10 crown (coin) * (**)
10 crown (coin)
20 crown (paper)
50 crown (paper)
100 crown (paper)
200 crown (paper)
500 crown (paper)
1000 crown (paper)

This is all the Swedish money there is.

*Not in use since:
**Not known when ended.

***Been used earlier and later reintroduced

Current changes 

On December 18 2008, the Swedish Riksbank asked to phase out the 50 öre, the final öre coin, by 2010. Note, however that the öre would remain as a subdivision unit for electronic payments.

Exchange rates 

Exchange rate of Swedish kronor against the Euro
The krona stand to an average of ten crowns to one euro

200-krona and 2-krona 

The Riksbank decided on 17 February 2010, to recommend the parliament to allow it to issue a 2-krona coin and a 200-krona note, the latter a new denomination for the country. However it did not recommend replacing the 20-krona note with a coin. In 2015 the first ever 200-krona note saw its use and in 2016 the 2-krona coin was reintroduced having previously being used between 1876 and 1971.

References 
Riksbank 

Sweden
Currency of Europe
Giant

In mythology, a giant is a type of very large human-like creature. The mythology and legends of many different cultures have mythological animals or monsters that look like very big, very strong humans. One example of a giant is the gigantes of Greek mythology.

Legendary creatures
Piedmont

Piedmont ( ; , ; Piedmontese, Occitan and , ) is a region in the northern part of Italy. The name means "foot of mountain" (Alps). The capital is Turin.  Piedmont has 8 provinces within it.

In the north of Piedmont there is the country of Switzerland and the Italian region of Valle d'Aosta, in the east there are the regions of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, in the west there is France and in the south Liguria.

Piedmont was part of the Duchy of Savoy until the Italian unification of 1860 when the Duke of Savoy became King of Italy.

Provinces 
Piedmont is divided into 8 provinces:
 Alessandria 
 Asti 
 Biella
 Cuneo 
 Novara 
 Turin (Torino)
 Verbano-Cusio-Ossola         
 Vercelli

References

Other websites 
 Official Site (IT)
Rick Hansen

Rick Hansen, CC, OBC (born August 26, 1957 in Port Alberni, British Columbia) is a Canadian athlete and activist. He was paralyzed in an accident at the age of 15. Inspired by his friend Terry Fox, who tried to run across Canada after losing a leg to cancer, he set out on a trip to travel around the world, in his wheelchair; it was called the Man in Motion tour. The money he raised from that tour went to help spinal cord injury research and paraplegic sports. He still works and does charity to raise money & awareness. Hansen was one of the torchbearers during the 2010 Winter Olympics.

Other websites 
 Official Site
 Radio and TV clips about Rick
 History minute PSA

1957 births
Living people
Canadian activists
Canadian athletes
Disability activists
Order of Canada
Sportspeople from British Columbia
Canadian sportspeople with disabilities
Fin

A fin is a surface used to produce lift and thrust or to steer while traveling in water, air, or other fluid media. The word was first used for the limbs of fish, but it is now also used to mean other animal limbs and human-made devices.

The fins of fish are called:
Dorsal fin on the back. These fins keep the fish from rolling over.
Caudal or tail fin. This fin pushes the fish forward in the water.
Pectoral fins (paired). These fins help the fish steer.
Pelvic fins (paired). These fins help the fish steer.
Anal fin: stability

Animal anatomy
Region

Region is a geographic term used in many ways in the different types of geography. In general, a region is a medium-scale area of land or water. It is smaller than the whole area of something (which could be, for example, the world, a nation, a mountain range, and so on). A climate zone is one kind of region. 

A region is larger than a specific location. It may be seen as a collection of smaller things (as in "the New England states") or as one part of a larger whole (as in "the New England region of the United States"). In some countries a region is a unit of local government.
1514



Births 
 March 8 – Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord

Deaths 
 January 2 – William Smyth, English bishop and statesman (born 1460)
 January 9 – Anne of Brittany, queen of Charles VIII of France (born 1477)
 February 11 – Henry, Duke of Cornwall, third son of Henry VIII of England
 March 11 – Donato Bramante, Italian architect (born 1444)
 October 25 – William Elphinstone, Scottish statesman (born 1431)
Toothache

A toothache is a pain felt in a person's tooth, normally when the tooth is hurt. A tooth can be hurt by tooth decay caused by plaque or by an injury.

Dental problems
Pain
Icing (food)

Icing is a paste that is usually made from sugar. It is also called "frosting".  It is put on cakes to add flavour. Many kinds of cake have icing, especially cakes made for special occasions like birthday cakes, wedding cakes and Christmas cake.

Food ingredients
Romford

Romford is a town in Essex. It is in the London Borough of Havering, England. It was first recorded as a town in 1153 in the Red Book of the Exchequer. The name "Romford" means "wide ford". The stream that flows through it was only later called "the Rom River" after the town. 

In medieval times, this town was granted the right to have the only market for 6 2/3 miles around. This rule was used in the 1990s to stop a nearby town, Ilford, from opening a market nearby.. Romford had a brewery which now is an entertainment venue.

References

Towns in London
London Borough of Havering
Maltose

Maltose (known as malt sugar) is a disaccharide (sometimes called di-glucose). It is formed from two glucose molecules joined at carbons 1 and 4. It is found in germinating seeds such as barley as they break down their starch stores to use for food.

Sweeteners
Carbohydrates
Toolbox

A toolbox or toolkit is a box where a person stores tools. You can find them where people work with tools, like houses that are being built.

Some computer programs used to make other computer programs are also called toolboxes or toolkits (this is a metaphor).

Tools
Stone

A stone is a piece of rock. It is a mass of hard, compacted mineral. The word is often used to mean a small piece of rock.

The word "stone" also refers to natural rock as a material, especially a building material. Natural stones used as building material include granite, marble and sandstone. Manufactured, artificial products, such as concrete or clay bricks, are not stone.

Stone takes a while to heat up, and stays hot for a while. It does not conduct electricity well

Stone was one of the first materials used to make tools and buildings. It is a very sturdy material. It is less affected by weather than wood or brick. Depending on the type of rock, stone weathers away much more slowly. A stone in the river is reshaped by the water and sediment flowing around it.

Stones can be used as primitive weapons. A person can throw it at an enemy or animal, or use it to cause more damage in hand-to-hand combat.

A stone is larger than a grain of sand, gravel or pebbles. A boulder is a large rock or stone.

Related pages
 Precious stone
 Stone Age

Basic English 850 words
Natural materials
Hotspot (computers)

A hotspot is a place where computers with the ability for wireless connections can connect to the Internet. Wi-Fi hot spots can be found in some public areas, sometimes for free. Some local libraries, coffee shops, and restaurants offer hotspots. Some passenger vehicles have a traveling hotspot for their customers. Some communication companies also offer hotspots in many different places for their customers.

Internet
Kilobyte

A kilobyte (kB) is a number used to measure storage space on computer hard drives or computer memory. A kilobyte originally meant 1024 bytes.  Over time the meaning changed and today it is often used to mean 1000 bytes. This created some confusion as a "kilo" normally means 1000. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) now defines a kilobyte as being 1000 bytes. According to the IEC, the correct name for 1,024 bytes is a kibibyte. This naming convention, however, never really caught on.

One thousand kilobytes make one megabyte.

References

Units of information
Subatomic particle

A subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom. This means it is very, very small.  Like atoms and molecules, a subatomic particle is far too small to be seen with the eye.  They are also very interesting to physicists who study atoms.  The subatomic particles that make atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons are the most commonly studied ones.  The study of subatomic particles is called particle physics. 

These particles are often held together within an atom by one of the four fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetic force, strong force, or weak force).  Outside of the atom the particles often move very, very quickly- near the speed of light which is very, very fast (around 300,000 kilometres per second).

Subatomic particles are divided into two groups, Baryons and Leptons.

Baryons are made of quarks while Leptons are thought to be among the smallest particles, called elementary particles. Baryons have a given Baryon number. In reactions, the Baryon number must be conserved, meaning that both the starting and ending sides of a reaction must have the same number of Baryons. Baryonic particles are made up of a combination of 3 of the six quarks, which are among the smallest particles. The six quark types are up, down (making up protons and neutrons), strange, charm, top, and bottom.

Leptons are generally much smaller than Baryons. This category includes electrons, Muons, Taus and neutrinos. Leptons are not made up of quarks and are not divisible. 

For every one of these types, there is also an antiparticle. Antiparticles have the same mass as their normal counterparts, except they have the opposite electric charge. Anti-matter and matter cannot exist near each other. Whenever matter and antimatter collide, they destroy each other with a huge release of energy equivalent to E=mc2, where m is the combined mass of the particles, c is the speed of light, and E is the energy produced. These collisions often take place in large particle accelerators, where the energy can be converted the other way, into matter by the same equation. This can produce many odd, often heavy (large mass) particles that exist only for a short time.

Most of the particles discovered are created by accelerating particles and colliding them against others, creating huge showers of new subatomic particles which decay extremely quickly. However, because the particles are moving close to the speed of light, the laws of special relativity become important and time dilation occurs. This means that time passes slower for the particle, and they can travel (and be measured) over a longer distance than non-relativity science would predict.
Laura Bush

Laura Lane Bush (née Welch; born November 4, 1946) is an American teacher, librarian, memoirist, and author who was the first lady of the United States from 2001 to 2009, as the wife of President George W. Bush. She was also the first lady of Texas from 1995 to 2000 when her husband was governor of the state.

Bush was born at Midland Memorial Hospital in Midland, Texas. She is the only child of Harold Bruce Welch  and Jenna Louise Hawkins. Laura and George met and married in 1977. She is the mother of Barbara Pierce Bush and Jenna Bush Hager who were born in 1981. Before she became First Lady she worked as a librarian and a school teacher in Dallas and Austin, Texas.

References

Other websites 
 Official Site 
 

People from Midland, Texas
First Ladies of the United States
Bush family
George W. Bush
1946 births
Living people
Librarians
Memoirists
Simon Rodia

Sabato "Simon" Rodia (1879–1965)  was an Italian immigrant who lived in the United States in the district of Los Angeles, California, called Watts. Starting in 1921 and until 1954, he built the Watts Towers, from junk and things he found. Many people made fun of him and tried to vandalize (damage) the "towers". He did not like people making fun of him. In 1955 he moved away from Watts and never returned. The "towers" remained, and the site where he built them is now a national landmark.

Trivia
Rodia is one of the famous people seen on the cover of The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album.

1879 births
1965 deaths
Italian architects
American architects
People from Los Angeles
Terry Southern

Terry Southern (May 1, 1924 – October 29, 1995) was an American writer.  He was part of the Paris postwar literary movement in the 1950s.  He was a friend to Beat writers in Greenwich Village in the 1960s.  In the 1970s he made changes to the way movies were written.  In the 1980s he wrote for Saturday Night Live and talked about screenwriting at several universities in New York.

Works

Books
Flash and Filigree (1958)
Candy (with Mason Hoffenberg) (1958)
The Magic Christian (1959)
Red-Dirt Marijuana and Other Tastes (1967)
Blue Movie (1970)
Texas Summer (1992)

Screenplays
 Dr. Strangelove (with Stanley Kubrick and Peter George) (1964) (Academy Award and BAFTA Award nomination)
The Loved One (with Christopher Isherwood) (1965)
The Collector (uncredited) (1965)
 The Cincinnati Kid (with Ring Lardner Jr.) (1966)
Casino Royale (1967) (uncredited)
 Barbarella (with Roger Vadim, Claude Brule, Vittorio Bonicelli, Clement Biddle Wood, Brian Degas and Tudor Gates) (1968)
Easy Rider (with Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper) (1969) (Academy Award nomination)
The End of the Road (with Dennis McGuire and Aram Avakian) (1969)
The Magic Christian (with Joseph McGrath) (1969)
The Telephone (with Harry Nilsson) (1988)

Awards and nominations
1963 O. Henry Award; "The Road Out of Axotle", published in Esquire, August, 1962
1964 Writers Guild of America; Screenwriter's Award for Best Written American Comedy of 1964, for Dr. Strangelove
1964 Academy Award Nomination for Best Writing (Adaptation) for Dr. Strangelove
1964 BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay nomination for Dr. Strangelove
1969 Academy Award Nomination for Best Original Screenplay; Easy Rider (with Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper)
1975 The Paris Review; Funniest Story of the Year; "Heavy Put-Away, or, A Hustle Not Devoid of a Certain Grossness, Granted"
1994 Gotham Award; Writer Award

writers from Texas

1924 births
1995 deaths
O. Henry Award winners
1615

1615 was a common year.

New books 
 Don Quixote part 2 by Miguel De Cervantes
Emeril Lagasse

Emeril Lagasse (born October 15, 1959) is an American celebrity chef. He is best known for his television program Emeril Live, which airs on the Food Network. He hosts a Cooking Channel show named Emeril's Florida.  He also has several restaurants and wrote some cookbooks. He is also famous for his catchphrases "Bam!" and "Kick it up a notch!"

1959 births
Living people
American chefs
People from Massachusetts
Food Network
Hurricane Rita

Hurricane Rita was a powerful hurricane in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. It hit the United States' Gulf Coast. At its peak intensity, it was a strong Category 5 storm with sustained winds of 175 miles per hour. It made landfall as a Category 3 storm, and caused more flooding in New Orleans, which already had weakened levees due to Hurricane Katrina. In addition, it caused large power outages.

Related pages
 Hurricane Katrina

2005 Atlantic hurricane season
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Retired tropical cyclone names
Hurricanes in the United States
2005 in the Bahamas
2005 in Florida
2005 in Cuba
2000s in Louisiana
2005 in Texas
2005 in Mississippi
History of Arkansas
Hurricanes in Texas
Hurricanes in Louisiana
2005 in the United States
2000s disasters in the United States
September 2005 events
2005 disasters
Boeing 767

The Boeing 767 is a wide-body aircraft made and built by Boeing. The aircraft was developed on July 14, 1978, as a part of the 7X7 project. The first prototype flew on September 26, 1981. The aircraft was certified on July 30, 1982.

The aircraft started flying the 767-200 commercially on September 8, 1982 with United Airlines. They did not fly the 767-100 as it had close to the same seats as the Boeing 757. The 767-200ER, which has more range, started flying in 1984. The 767-300, which is a longer version, started flying in 1986. The 767-300ER, which has more range than the 767-300, started flying in 1988.

A cargo version, the 767-300F, started flying in 1995. It was made into the 767-400ER, which is longer.

Accidents and incidents
Lauda Air Flight 004 was the first fatal crash of a Boeing 767.
Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961
EgyptAir Flight 990
September 11 attacks
American Airlines Flight 11
United Airlines Flight 175
American Airlines Flight 63
Air China Flight 129
LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16
Ethiopian Airlines Flight 702
Atlas Air Flight 3591

References

Other websites 

767
1557



Events 
Start of the Italian War of 1551–59
End of the Great Russian War 1553-1557

Deaths 
 September 1 – Jacques Cartier
Stephen King

Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American writer from Maine. He writes scary horror novels. His books and stories have sold more than 300 million copies. He has written more than fifty novels, two hundred short stories, and nine collections of short fiction.

Works

King's first novel, Carrie, was published in 1974. Many of his stories have been made into movies or television programs. The movies and programs include The Shining, The Shawshank Redemption, The Green Mile, Misery, Pet Sematary, It (the miniseries) and the 2017 movie It. 

King has written some of his books under the name "Richard Bachman". He collaborated with Peter Straub on others.

King's highest rated books (as rated by readers) include Carrie, The Shining, The Stand, Misery, It, Cujo,  The Dark Tower, Under the Dome and Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption.

Life 
Stephen King was born in Portland, Maine. His mother's name is Nelie Ruth and his father's name is Donald Edwin King.

King and his wife Tabitha own three different houses. One house is in Bangor, Maine, one is in Lovell, Maine and one is in Sarasota, Florida. Stephen and Tabitha have three children and three grandchildren.

References

Other websites
StephenKing.com, Stephen King's official website

1947 births
Living people
American movie actors
Actors from Portland, Maine
Writers from Portland, Maine
Writers from Bangor, Maine
 
O. Henry Award winners
Baby

A baby is a human younger than about 1 or 2 years old.

Other terms can be used to describe the baby's stage of development. These terms do not follow clear rules and are used differently by different people, and in different regions. For example, infant may be used until the baby can walk, while some use "infant" until the baby is one year old. From birth until 3 months of age, a baby can be called a newborn. Depending on how many weeks gestation at birth, newborns may be called premature, post-mature, or full term. The word infant comes from Latin: infans means "unable to speak". 

At birth, many parts of the newborn's skull are not yet converted to bone, leaving "soft spots". Later in the child's life, these bones join together naturally. A protein called noggin is responsible for the delay in an infant's skull fusion. During labour and birth, the infant's skull changes shape as it goes through the birth canal. Sometimes this causes the child to be born with a misshapen or elongated head. It will usually return to normal in a short time. 

Some religions have ceremonies that occur after a new baby is born, such as Baptism, which involves partly or fully covering the baby in water. After learning to walk, babies are often called toddlers, usually between one and three years of age. Sometimes, a woman's baby may die before or during its birth. Babies which have died in this way are called stillborn babies, or miscarried babies.

References

Other websites
  Baby Pictures  Newborns, Infants and Toddlers 
 Kids Height/Weight Calculator  by Parenting Nation
 Baby Foods Guide Benefits of Organic Baby Food
 Baby Stroller  by Stroller List

 
Basic English 850 words
Childhood
Dessert

For the area of dry land see desert.

A dessert is a type of food that is eaten after lunch or dinner, and sometimes after a light meal or snack. It is usually a sweet food, like ice cream, cookies, and cakes. In some countries, cheeses such as Brie cheese and fruit are served as dessert. Some desserts are made from natural resources like fruit juice used in sherbet. Others are simple, like pudding and birthday cake. Many desserts are baked (cooked in an oven). Some desserts are served with whipped cream as a topping.

The term dessert can apply to many confections, such as biscuits, cakes, cookies, custards, gelatin's, ice creams, pastries, pies, puddings, sweet soups, and tarts. Fruit is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its naturally occurring sweetness. Some cultures sweeten foods that are more commonly savoury to create desserts.

Types of desserts

Baked desserts
Baked desserts are made by putting the ingredients in a hot oven. Baked desserts include cakes and muffins (a mixture of flour, eggs, sugar, oil, baking powder, and flavorings); sweet breads such as banana bread and raisin bread (a mixture of flour, sugar, oil, baking powder, and flavorings); cookies such as chocolate chip cookies (a mixture of flour, eggs, sugar, oil, and flavorings). Puddings and custards (a mixture of milk, eggs, sugar, and flavorings) can be made in the oven.

Fried desserts
Fried desserts are made using a cooking process called deep frying. To deep-fry food, a large pot filled with oil is heated, and then the food is placed into the pot. Deep-fried desserts include doughnuts.

Frozen desserts
Frozen desserts are made by blending the ingredients in a freezer. Frozen desserts include ice cream (a mixture of cream, milk, sugar, and flavorings), milk shakes (a mixture of ice cream, milk, and flavorings), and sherbet (also spelled "sorbet") (a mixture of water, sugar, and flavorings).

Chilled desserts
Some desserts are made without using the oven or the freezer. Trifle is an English dessert made by soaking ladyfinger biscuits in sherry, covering them with whipped cream, and then letting it chill in the refrigerator. Some types of instant pudding and instant mousse desserts can be made without cooking; a person simply mixes the instant pudding powder with milk and chills it in the refrigerator.

Popular desserts from around the world 

 France: Crème Brûlée
 America: Apple Pie
 United Kingdom: Sticky toffee pudding 
 Middle East: Baklava
 Greece: Galaktoboureko
 Italy: Tiramisu
 Peru: Picarones
 Russia/Australia: Pavlova
 Spain: Tarta de Santiago
 Turkey: Turkish delight/Lokum
 Japan: Mochi
 Belgium: Belgian waffle
 India: Gulab Jamun
 Bangladesh: Kheer

References

Desserts
Uniform Resource Locator

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is another name for a web address. URLs are made of letters, numbers and other symbols in a standard form. People use them on computers, to make the computer fetch and show some specific resource (usually a web page) from another computer (web server) on the Internet. They do this by typing the URL into a web browser, or more often clicking a link, for example one on a web page that they are already seeing.

URLs consist of several parts:
 A protocol. Very often, this is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
 Some separation characters: ://
 The other computer's name or address. It is very common for names to start with www. (which stands for World Wide Web), but the entire name is up to that computer's administrator.

In some cases, the URL may also contain
 The path to a document or script.
 In the case of a script, additional parameters after a question mark (?)
 Username and password needed to access a certain page
 Some text after a pound sign (#), naming a spot to skip ahead to.

The URL of this page is https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Locator
 https is the protocol
 simple.wikipedia.org is the web site
 /w/index.php is a script. That script gets parameters, title=Uniform_Resource_Locator

A shorter form, called a ("relative") URL, is used when a computer could correctly fill in the full ("absolute") URL from context. For example, of /wiki/URL only works for a link on Wikipedia to this page on Wikipedia. Absolute URLs can be shared outside of computers, even with little or no explanation.

URLs is URI. URI is Uniform Resource Identifier. URL vs URI  is basically same. So, you don't need to confuse in it.

URL Anatomy  

URLs are composed of multiple elements.

 Protocol
 Subdomain
 Domain
 TLD
 SubFolders
 Slug

Extensions 
These are at the end of the domain name which has a period mark before it. At first there were six main extensions:
 .com - Commercial use
 .net - network / Internet service provider use
 .org - Organizational use
 .edu - Educational use (Schools and universities)
 .mil - Military use
 .gov - Governmental use

Today, there are many other URL extensions. These are usually either a top level domain or interest grouping. Each country has its own top level domain, for example, .ca for Canada, .us for the United States of America or .co.uk for the United Kingdom. Many countries have a government-only extension, for example the United States uses .gov or .fed.us, .gc.ca for Canada and .gov.uk for the United Kingdom. Interest group domains would include .tv (television), .pro (professionals) and .xxx (pornography). These are not used as often as the original extensions.

References

Internet
Cuckoo clock

A cuckoo clock is a kind of clock. Cuckoo clocks have a case made of wood that looks like a small house. It gets its name because at the start of every hour, a small door on the clock open up and a little wooden bird comes out. The clock then makes a noise which sounds like a bird call ( "Koo-Koo" or "cuckoo"). 

The clock makes the sound one time for each hour it is, and there may also be a bell that rings when the sound is made. Whether it is morning or night does not change the number of times this happens. 
 
For example:
 1 o'clock in the afternoon = 1 "cuckoo"
 8 o'clock in the morning = 8 "cuckoos"
 8 o'clock at night = 8 "cuckoos"

Like many other clocks, cuckoo clocks can work using weights, springs, or electricity. Every clock is different, both in how it looks, how it works, and what it does. The sound of the "cuckoo" usually comes from bellows in mechanical clocks, or from a speaker in electric clocks. The clock may do more than just make this sound; some clocks also have figures that move around as music is played.

Cuckoo clocks are some of the best-known clocks that are made in the Black Forest, an area of south-western Germany and northern Switzerland.

Clocks
Firefighter

Firefighters are people whose job is to put out fires. Their job often also includes helping with other emergency calls.  Firefighters use many different types of equipment to deal with emergency situations. 

Firefighters are based at a building called a fire station. It can also be called a firehouse or firehall. Firefighters deal with many kinds of emergency situations. When their help is needed, they drive to the location of the emergency on a vehicle called a fire engine. These vehicles have the equipment they often need to deal with the emergencies.   

Firefighters wear heavy clothing to protect them from the heat of  a fire. This is called "bunker gear"  or "turnout gear". They wear equipment to help them breathe in areas that are filled with smoke. They normally also wear a mask to protect themselves from breathing in smoke and very hot air and gases.

Fire departments
The name of the agency that firefighters work for can be different in each country. Common names include a  a fire department, fire service, fire and rescue service or fire brigade.  Fire departments are usually government agencies that are funded by taxes. Some place, such as airports, have their own firefighters.

At some fire departments, the firefighters work full-time. They stay at the fire station and wait to be called out to an emergency. They work during both the daytime and at night.  Villages and small towns normally have part-time firefighters. They have other jobs outside of the fire service. These firefighters will drive from their home or workplace to the fire station when their help is needed. They may be volunteers, or they may be paid for doing this job. In the United Kingdom, these paid firemen are (known as "retained firefighters".

Occupations
Firefighting