alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Bonbon (disambiguation)

Bonbon refers to any of several types of sweets, especially small candies enrobed in chocolate.

Bonbon, Bonbons, Bon Bon or Bon-Bon may also refer to:

Geography
 Bon Bon Reserve, South Australia
 222 Margaret Street, Brisbane Bon Bon Tower, nickname for the  skyscraper in Brisbane, Australia
 Bonbon, Grand'Anse, a commune in Haiti

Music
 Bon Bon (singer), American vocalist
 Bon-Bon Blanco (sometimes B3), a Japanese rock group active 2002–2009
 Bon-Bon (vocal group), Bulgarian children's ensemble
Les Bonbons (album), Jacques Brel
"Bon, Bon", 2010 song by Pitbull from Armando
"BonBon", 2016 song by Era Istrefi
"Bon Bon", 1957 song by The Four Voices
"Les Bonbons", 1964 song by Jacques Brel
"Bon Bon Bon", song by Vanessa Quinones

Other uses
 Bon-Bon (short story), by Edgar Allan Poe, featuring character Pierre Bon-Bon
 Bonbon (mobile phone operator), brand in Croatian mobile communications market owned by T-Mobile
 BonBon-Land, amusement park base on the candy brand
 Bon Bon, transvestite character in the 2000 film Before Night Falls, played by Johnny Depp
 Bon Bon, a name given to fictional characters in the My Little Pony franchise, each in different generations respectively
 Comic BomBom, sometimes romanised as 'Comic BonBon', a Japanese manga magazine
 Bon bon chicken, a dish in Chinese cuisine
 Bon-Bon, a minor antagonist from the game Five Nights at Freddy's: Sister Location
Bonbon, a grape beverage manufactured by Haitai.

See also
Bon (disambiguation)
Christmas cracker
Hubert Hughes

Hubert Benjamin Hughes (15 October 1933 – 7 May 2021) was an Anguillan politician. He was the island territory's Chief Minister from 16 March 1994 to 6 March 2000, and again between February 2010 and April 2015.

He had stated his intention to lead the island to separation from the United Kingdom. This is despite the fact that European Union assistance funds, and visa-free entry to the US, Canada, EU and islands in the French and Dutch Caribbean such as Saint Martin would stop.

References

External links
Anguilla Express: Economy first major task – Chief Minister-elect Hubert Hughes

1933 births
2021 deaths
Chief Ministers of Anguilla
Anguilla Progressive Movement politicians
Anguillan independence activists
Howard Lanin

Howard Lanin (July 15, 1897 – April 26, 1991) was an American bandleader, called "The King of Society Dance Music."

Early years
Lanin was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Benjamin and Mary Lanin. His father was an entrepreneur and musician. He was the middle child of nine children and one of six brothers who became bandleaders, playing in ballrooms and at resorts. He attended South Philadelphia High School, where he began playing cornet, leaving when he was 15 to go into music.

Career
Lanin led the Howard Lanin Orchestra, a group that performed show tunes, waltzes and sweet jazz. Lanin also established orchestras led by his brothers, including Sam Lanin (who was one of the most prolific of recording bandleaders under many pseudonyms) and Lester Lanin. The orchestras of the Lanin brothers gave a start to Red Nichols, Artie Shaw, The Dorsey Brothers and other jazz musicians.

Personal appearances
In 1918, Howard and Sam Lanin opened the Roseland Ballroom in Philadelphia; a year later, they opened New York City's Roseland location. When Howard Lanin played at Roseland in 1921, his group was called his "Columbia Record Orchestra."

Radio
In 1922, WDAR in Philadelphia began broadcasting the music of Lanin's orchestra as it played at the Arcadia Cafe, a development that Lanin said was the first broadcast of its type in that city. He also conducted orchestras for The Atwater Kent Hour and the Campbell Soup Show.

Entertainment management
In the 1950s, as interest in dance bands diminished, Lanin began Howard Lanin Productions, an entertainment management company.

Personal life
Lanin married Claire Feinstein in 1929; they remained married until her death in 1983. They had two sons and two daughters. Lanin died April 26, 1991, at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was 93. He was survived by two sons, two daughters, a brother, nine grandchildren and nine great-grandchildren.

References

External links
New York Times
explorepahistory.com

1897 births
1991 deaths
American jazz bandleaders
Musicians from Philadelphia
20th-century American conductors (music)
Jazz musicians from Pennsylvania
Emile Gumbs

Sir Emile Gumbs (18 March 1928 – 10 May 2018) was a politician from Anguilla. He served as the island territory's Chief Minister from 1 February 1977 to May 1980 and again from 12 March 1984 to 16 March 1994.

He was the only person from Anguilla to have been knighted, having been made a Knight Bachelor in the 1994 New Year Honours. Emile Gumbs died on 10 May 2018 at the age of 90.

References

External links
 Emile Gumbs at caribbeanelections.com

1928 births
2018 deaths
Chief Ministers of Anguilla
Knights Bachelor
People from Basseterre
Government Houses in Canada

In Canada, Government House is a title given to the royal residences of the country's monarch, various viceroys (the governor general, the lieutenant governors), and territorial commissioners. Though not universal, in most cases the title is also the building's sole name; for example, the sovereign's and governor general's principal residence in Ottawa is known as Government House only in formal contexts, being more generally referred to as Rideau Hall. The use of the term Government House is an inherited custom from the British Empire, where there were and are many government houses.

There is currently no government house for the lieutenant governors of Ontario (repurposed in 1937 and demolished in 1961), Quebec (destroyed by fire in 1966), Alberta (closed in 1938 and repurchased and repurposed in 1964), or the Commissioner of the Northwest Territories. The lieutenant governor of Ontario has a suite within the Ontario Legislative Building, as does the lieutenant governor of Quebec in the Édifice André-Laurendeau.

Present government houses

Former government houses

See also
 Government House
 Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth
 Governor's Mansion (disambiguation)

References

Notes

Sources

Official residences in Canada
Canada
Lists of buildings and structures in Canada
Hugh Graham (figure skater)

Hugh C. Graham, Jr is an American figure skater.

He competed as a singles skater and as a pair skater with his sister, Margaret Anne Graham. After his competitive career ended, he spent from 1986 to 1989 as the President of the United States Figure Skating Association. Graham was inducted into the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 2004.

Graham graduated Harvard University in 1955, during which he was a member of the Skating Club of Boston, and then he graduated from the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine in 1959. He practiced as a pediatrician in Tulsa, Oklahoma for several decades before retiring.

Results

Men's singles

Pairs
(with Margaret Anne Graham)

References

American male single skaters
American male pair skaters
Figure skating officials
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Pritzker School of Medicine alumni
Harvard College alumni
Honinbo (competition)

The Honinbo (本因坊) is a Go competition and the oldest Go title in Japan. Sponsored by Mainichi Shimbun, the Honinbo pays out ¥28 million to the winner (since the 74th Honinbo in 2019).

Rules
The holder of the title is challenged by whoever wins the round robin league. Players can get into the round robin league by going through many preliminary tournaments. Once there is a challenger to compete against the holder, the winner is decided through a best of seven match. The games are played over two days and each player is given eight hours of thinking time. If a player qualifies for the Honinbo league, they are automatically promoted to 7 dan. If that same player wins the league, a promotion to 8 dan is given. If that same player goes on to win the title, they are promoted to 9 dan, the highest rank.

Past winners

References

External links
 Honinbo Title
 Honinbo title games

Go competitions in Japan

ja:本因坊#本因坊戦
List of companies traded on the JSE

This is a list of companies traded on the JSE. The original compilation of the list was done in February 2006.



Note: For companies without a listed external link there is at various financial information sites; please see article's External links section below.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z

See also
:Category:Companies of South Africa
JSE Limited
List of African stock exchanges

References 

 A - Z JSE Shares - https://jseshares.co.za/shares/ Updated 2017
 4. TOP 100 JSE Shares - https://www.sashares.co.za/top-100-jse-companies/ Updated 2020

Companies
JSE
JSE
Tzvi Avni

Tzvi Jacob Avni (first name sometimes spelled Zvi; ; born Hermann Jakob Steinke,  September 2, 1927; Saarbrücken) is an Israeli composer.

Biography
Tzvi Avni was born in Saarbrücken, Germany, and emigrated to Mandate Palestine as a child. He studied with Paul Ben-Haim.

On the recommendation of Edgard Varèse, he became involved with the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center in the 1960s. Later he founded an electronic studio at the Jerusalem Academy of Music, following the guidelines of his mentor in New York, Vladimir Ussachevsky.

Awards
In 2001, Avni was awarded the Israel Prize, for music.
On September 11, 2012, Avni was made an honorary citizen of Saarbrücken.

Notes

References
Gluck, Bob. “Go Find Your Own Tricks!: Interview with Israeli Composer Tzvi Avni.” eContact! 14.4 — TES 2011: Toronto Electroacoustic Symposium / Symposium électroacoustique de Toronto (March 2013). Montréal: CEC.
 Gluck, Robert J. “The Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center: Educating international composers.” Computer Music Journal 31/2 (Summer 2007), pp. 20–38.

External links 
 Official webpage
 Tzvi Avni biography on The Israel Music Institute (IMI) website

See also
List of Israel Prize recipients

1927 births
Living people
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
20th-century Israeli composers
21st-century Israeli composers
Israeli male composers
Israel Prize in music recipients
People from Saarbrücken
Jagged Edge

Jagged Edge may refer to:

Film and TV
Jagged Edge (film), a 1985 film starring Glenn Close, Jeff Bridges, Robert Loggia and Peter Coyote

Music

Groups
Jagged Edge (American group), an American R&B singing group
Jagged Edge (British band), a British rock group whose members went on to form the band Skin.

Albums
Jagged Edge (Gary Numan album), 2008
Jagged Edge (Jagged Edge album), 2006 album by the American group

See also
Jaggies, the informal name for aliasing artifacts in raster images
Hired Guns: The Jagged Edge, a video game
Magdalena Sibylla of Saxe-Weissenfels

Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels (2 September 1648 – 7 January 1681) was a German noblewoman.

She was a daughter of August, duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, and his wife Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Her paternal grandparents were John George I, Elector of Saxony, and Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia.

On 14 November 1669, she married Duke Friedrich I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.  They had the following children:

 Anna Sophie (b. Gotha, 22 December 1670 – d. Rudolstadt, 28 December 1728), married on 15 October 1691 to Louis Frederick I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.
 Magdalene Sibylle (b. Gotha, 30 September 1671 – d. Altenburg, 2 March 1673).
 Dorothea Marie (b. Gotha, 22 January 1674 – d. Meiningen, 18 April 1713), married on 19 September 1704 to Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen.
 Fredericka (b. Gotha, 24 March 1675 – d. Karlsbad, 28 May 1709), married on 25 May 1702 to Johann August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst.
 Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. Gotha, 28 July 1676 – d. Altenburg, 23 March 1732).
 Johann Wilhelm (b. Gotha, 4 October 1677 – killed in battle, Toulon, 15 August 1707), General Imperial.
 Elisabeth (b. Gotha, 7 February 1679 – d. of smallpox, Gotha, 22 June 1680).
 Johanna (b. Gotha, 1 October 1680 – d. Strelitz, 9 July 1704), married on 20 June 1702 to Adolf Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

|-

1648 births
1681 deaths
House of Saxe-Weissenfels
House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Duchesses of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Albertine branch
Daughters of monarchs
Tobias Enhus

Tobias Enhus is a Swedish music composer living in the US. His work has appeared in films, such as Black Hawk Down. He has also created music for television commercials, including the haunting score (featuring female operatic singing) heard in a 2006 commercial for Mercedes-Benz S-Class vehicles (shown during PBS sponsor-appreciation segments). More recently, Enhus composed the majority of the track to The Matrix: Path of Neo, collaborating with other artists, such as Juno Reactor, Mark Killian, Todd Haberman and Rob Bennett, as well as composing the score for the Spider-Man 3 video game based on the  2007 film of the same name. Enhus has also composed for Machine Head. He also provided a track for Mondo Sex Head, a 2012 remix album by Rob Zombie.

References

External links

 Electric Priest Csound score and audio

American male composers
21st-century American composers
Living people
Swedish composers
Swedish male composers
21st-century American male musicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Anthony J. Bryant

Anthony J. Bryant (February 14, 1961 – December 25, 2013) was an American author and editor.

Biography
Bryant was born in Franklin, Indiana, and was adopted at age 5 by Robert M. and Margaret Bryant.

After Robert M. Bryant's death in 1967, Tony and his mother moved to Miami Shores, Florida, where he spent his youth and attended Pinecrest Preparatory School. After graduating from Florida State University in 1983 with a bachelor's degree in Japanese studies, he completed his graduate studies in Japanese studies (history, language, and armor) at Takushoku University in Tokyo, graduating in 1986.  Bryant lived in Japan from 1986 to 1992.  He also earned an M.A. in Japanese from Indiana University Bloomington in 2003.

An authority on the making of Japanese armor, he joined the Nihon Katchū Bugu Kenkyū Hozon Kai ("Japan Association for Arms and Armor Preservation"), and was one of four non-Asian members.  While living in Japan, he also worked as a features editor for the Mainichi Daily News, and as editor for the Tokyo Journal, an English language monthly magazine.

Bryant wrote four books for Osprey Publishing on samurai history, and co-authored, with Mark T. Arsenault, the core rulebook for the role-playing game Sengoku: Chanbara Roleplaying in Feudal Japan.  He was a historian of Japan specializing in Kamakura, Muromachi, and Momoyama period warrior culture. His areas of interest also included Heian-period court structure and society and Japanese literature.

After returning from Japan, in 1995 he became the editor of Dragon Magazine, the flagship publication of TSR, Inc., the creators of the role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons.  He was the editor for eight issues, before Dave Gross took over.

Bryant died on December 25, 2013, at St. Francis Health in Indianapolis.

Books
 The Samurai, (Elite), Osprey Publishing, London (1989)  
 Early Samurai AD 200–1500, Osprey Publishing, London (1991)  
 Samurai 1550–1600, Osprey Publishing, London (1994)  
 Sekigahara 1600: The Final Struggle for Power, Osprey Publishing, London (1995)  
 Sengoku: Chanbara Roleplaying in Feudal Japan, Gold Rush Games; Revised edition (May 1, 2002)
 Iwaya no sōshi ("The Tale of the Cave House"): A Translation and Commentary, Indiana University (2003)
 Sekigahara 1600: The Final Struggle for Power, Praeger Publishers (September 2005)

Other works
 Nihon Katchu Seisakuben , a Japanese armor manual
 The Estates of Heian Nobility (essay)

References

External links
 Sengoku Daimyo – Anthony J. Bryant's website
 Author of Osprey books on Japanese military history Article on Rencentral.com
 Author biography from Osprey Military Publishing

1961 births
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
2013 deaths
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
American adoptees
American male non-fiction writers
American military historians
Dungeons & Dragons game designers
Florida State University alumni
Historians of Japan
Indiana University Bloomington alumni
People from Franklin, Indiana
Writers from Indiana
Sabari

Sabari is a 2007 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by Suresh. It stars Vijayakanth as the title character with Jyothirmayi, Malavika and Pradeep Rawat in supporting roles. The film was released on 16 March 2007 to mixed reviews.

Plot
Sabarivasan (Vijayakanth) is a doctor by profession and cannot tolerate injustice by any means. Nandhini (Jyothirmayi), a college student, meets Sabari and falls in love with him. Eventually they both get married. Vajravelu (Rawat) is a local criminal working for a minister (Mahadevan). Vajravelu's brother-in-law Ezhumalai (Aryan) is arrested by the police for a brutal murder. While trying to escape on the way to court, he is shot by a policeman. Vajravelu's henchmen take Ezhumalai to Sabari and force him to operate. Sabari removes the bullet, but he beats up all the henchmen and produces Ezhumalai to the police. Ezhumalai is sentenced to death and is hanged.

Vajravelu is angry and vows revenge. Vajravelu comes out on bail and kills Sabari's father (Delhi Ganesh). He also kidnaps Nandhini. Sabari fights against Vajravelu and saves Nandhini. On the way back to the hospital, Sabari is stabbed by Vajravelu's wife (Aishwarya). Vajravelu and his henchmen arrive and injure Sabari. They leave thinking Sabari is dead, but he is saved and admitted to hospital. Knowing this, Vajravelu comes in search of Sabari. Sabari fights them back and kills Vajravelu.

Cast

 Vijayakanth as Dr. Sabarivasan
 Jyothirmayi as Nandhini
 Malavika as Doctoral student
 Pradeep Rawat as Vajravelu
 Mahadevan as Minister
 Delhi Ganesh as Sabarivasan's father
 Aryan as Ezhumalai
 LIC Narasimhan as Doctor
 Scissor Manohar as Party member
 R. N. R. Manohar as Dr. Manohar
 Aishwarya as Vajravelu's wife
 Rajashree as Maragadham
 Reena as Sabarivasan's sister
 Ayyappan Gopi as Brake inspector
 Robo Chandru as Inspector Vasudevan
 Rajendranath as Commissioner of police
 Sindhu as Vajravelu's sister
 Vatsala Rajagopal as Nandhini's grandmother
 Boys Rajan as Dr. Rajan
 Mudhalvan Mahendran as Police inspector
 Theni Murugan as Arumugam
 Raviprakash as Inspector general of police 
 Vishwanth as Sri Lankan Tamil man
 Archana Harish as Sri Lankan Tamil woman

Production
The film was launched at AVM Studios in 2006. Shooting was done at locations in India including Chennai, Pondicherry and Rameswaram. Songs for the film were shotin Hong Kong.

Soundtrack
Soundtrack was composed by Mani Sharma.

Critical reception
Indiaglitz wrote, "It's Vijayakanth all the way who with his brainy and brawny ways restores order in the society." Behindwoods wrote, "All in all, disappointing is too kind a word to use for this kind of a movie. It is hard to imagine what the director, actor and producer had in mind when the movie was made." It summed up, "Sabari: an absolute dud." The hindu wrote "Now having said all these you can only add that Vijayakanth could have gone in for an innovative storyline, far removed from the run-of-the-mill rut".

References

2007 films
2000s Tamil-language films
Films scored by Mani Sharma
Indian action films
2000s masala films
Films shot in Chennai
Films shot in Hong Kong
2007 action films
Government House (Prince Edward Island)

Government House of Prince Edward Island, often referred to as Fanningbank, is the official residence of the lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island, as well as that in Charlottetown of the Canadian monarch. It stands in the provincial capital at 1 Terry Fox Drive; while the equivalent building in many provinces has a prominent, central place in the capital, the site of Prince Edward Island's Government House is relatively unobtrusive within Charlottetown, giving it more the character of a private home.

History

Government House was constructed between 1832 and 1834 as a viceregal residence for the lieutenant governor of the then British colony of Prince Edward Island. The land, a parcel of  known as Fanning Bank or Fanning's Bank, was in 1789 set aside by Lieutenant Governor Edmund Fanning as Crown land, with the specific stipulation that it be used as the site for the governor's residence. In 1873, approximately  was retained for Government House and its grounds. 40 acres was given to the City of Charlottetown and later became Victoria Park.

Government House was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1971.

Use
Government House is where members of the Canadian Royal Family and visiting foreign dignitaries are greeted and often stay while in Charlottetown. It is also where numerous royal and viceroyal events take place, such as the bestowing of provincial awards or inductions into the Order of Prince Edward Island, as well as luncheons, dinners, receptions, and speaking engagements. It is also at the royal residence that the lieutenant governor will drop the writs of election, swear-in new members of the Executive Council, and hold audience with her premier.

The property is owned by the King in Right of Prince Edward Island and is open to the public for certain periods during the summer.

Architecture and interiors
The wood-frame building's architectural design is Georgian with echoes of the Palladian tradition. The two axis of the house converge on the main entrance hall, which has doric columns and pilasters and a double switchback stair leading to the second floor. The residence was designed by Yorkshire architect Isaac Smith, who also designed the Island's Colonial Building.

See also
 Government Houses in Canada
 Government Houses of the British Empire

References

Prince Edward Island
Buildings and structures in Charlottetown
National Historic Sites in Prince Edward Island
Houses completed in 1834
Georgian architecture in Canada
Historic buildings and structures in Prince Edward Island
Royal residences in Canada
Mohd Azlan Iskandar

Mohamad Azlan bin Iskandar (born 1 June 1982, in Kuching, Sarawak), known as Mohd Azlan Iskandar, is a Malaysian squash player. He has reached the World No. 10 ranking and won the Kuala Lumpur Open and the Malaysian Open.

Early life
He studied in Sekolah Menengah Subang Jaya for two years, and then moved to Bukit Jalil Sports School. His dad was born in Scotland and his grandmother is Scottish and Celtic while his granddad is Norwegian. On his mom side, is half-Indian and half Malay, and is Hokkien descent.

Career overview
With a career high of 10 in the Professional Squash Association rankings. Azlan is currently ranked 10th in the PSA table.

Personal life
Azlan has 3 children with entrepreneur Ung Yiu Lin. The pair were married in December 2012.

External links 
 
 
 
 

1982 births
Living people
Malaysian male squash players
Commonwealth Games competitors for Malaysia
Squash players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Asian Games medalists in squash
Asian Games gold medalists for Malaysia
Asian Games silver medalists for Malaysia
Asian Games bronze medalists for Malaysia
Squash players at the 2002 Asian Games
Squash players at the 2006 Asian Games
Squash players at the 2010 Asian Games
Squash players at the 2014 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games
World Games bronze medalists
Competitors at the 2009 World Games
Sportspeople from Sarawak
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian people of Chinese descent
Malaysian people of Indian descent
Malaysian people of Hokkien descent
Malaysian people of Scottish descent
SEA Games medalists in squash
SEA Games gold medalists for Malaysia
Competitors at the 2001 SEA Games
Johnny McCarthy

John Joseph McCarthy (April 25, 1934 – May 9, 2020) was an American basketball player and coach.  A  point guard, he played college basketball and was an All-American at Canisius College. He was selected by the Rochester Royals in the 1956 NBA draft.  He played a total of six seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA)—two for the Royals, three for the St. Louis Hawks, and one for the Boston Celtics.

McCarthy is the first of only four players in NBA history to record a triple-double in his playoff debut, with 13 points, 11 rebounds and 11 assists against the Minneapolis Lakers on March 16, 1960; he was later joined by Magic Johnson in 1980, LeBron James in 2006 and Nikola Jokić in 2019.

McCarthy later coached the Buffalo Braves, his hometown team, for part of a season. McCarthy died on May 9, 2020.

References

External links
 BasketballReference.com: Johnny McCarthy (as player)
 BasketballReference.com: Johnny McCarthy (as coach)

1934 births
2020 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Basketball players from Buffalo, New York
Boston Celtics players
Buffalo Braves head coaches
Canisius Golden Griffins men's basketball coaches
Canisius Golden Griffins men's basketball players
Pittsburgh Rens players
Point guards
Rochester Royals draft picks
Rochester Royals players
Sportspeople from Buffalo, New York
St. Louis Hawks players
St Blazey railway station

A passenger station was opened at Par on 20 June 1876 when the Cornwall Minerals Railway started a passenger service from Fowey to Newquay. It was adjacent to the railway's workshops. Although the station was built to serve Par, the entrance was on the west side of the town and close to the adjacent town of St Blazey.

On 1 January 1879 a loop line was built to the Cornwall Railway station at Par and the Cornwall Minerals Railway station renamed St Blazey () to avoid the confusion of two stations with the same name.

St Blazey station closed to the public on 21 September 1925 but continued to be used by workmen's trains to Fowey until 29 December 1934.

Goods traffic is still sometimes loaded in the goods yard at St Blazey, which is otherwise used for storing wagons from the adjacent marshalling yard.

References

Disused railway stations in Cornwall
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1876
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1934
St Blazey
Christine of Saxony

Christine of Saxony (25 December 1505 – 15 April 1549) was a German noble, landgravine consort of Hesse by marriage to Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. She was the regent of Hesse during the absence of her spouse in 1547–1549.

She was the daughter of George the Bearded, Duke of Saxony and Barbara Jagiellon. On 11 December 1523 in Kassel, she married Landgrave Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. The marriage was arranged to forge an alliance between Hesse and Saxony and was unhappy; Philip claimed to be disgusted by her and only shared her bed by duty. They had ten children.

Whilst married to Christine, Philip practised bigamy and had another nine children with his other (morganatic) wife, Margarethe von der Saale; in 1540, Christine gave her consent to her husband's bigamy with his lover because of her view upon him as her sovereign. Margarethe von der Saale, however, was never seen at court.

During Philip's absence and captivity during 1547–1549, Christine was regent jointly with her oldest son. She died before Philip's release in 1552.

Children with Philip of Hesse
 Agnes (31 May 1527 – 4 November 1555), married:
 in Marburg on 9 January 1541 to Maurice, Elector of Saxony;
 in Weimar on 26 May 1555 to John Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha.
 Anna (26 October 1529 – 10 July 1591), married on 24 February 1544 to Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken.
 William IV of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) (24 June 1532 – 25 August 1592).
 Philipp Ludwig (29 June 1534 – 31 August 1535).
 Barbara (8 April 1536 – 8 June 1597), married:
 in Reichenweier on 10 September 1555 to Duke George I of Württemberg-Mömpelgard;
 in Kassel on 11 November 1568 to Count Daniel of Waldeck.
 Louis IV of Hesse-Marburg (27 May 1537 – 9 October 1604).
 Elisabeth (13 February 1539 – 14 March 1582), married on 8 July 1560 to Louis VI, Elector Palatine.
 Philip II of Hesse-Rheinfels (22 April 1541 – 20 November 1583).
 Christine (29 June 1543 – 13 May 1604), married in Gottorp on 17 December 1564 to Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.
 Georg I of Hesse-Darmstadt (10 September 1547 – 7 February 1596).

Ancestry

References

1505 births
1549 deaths
House of Wettin
Landgravines of Hesse
Nobility from Dresden
16th-century women rulers
Regents of Germany
Albertine branch
Daughters of monarchs
After Murder Park

After Murder Park is the third album by British rock band the Auteurs, released in March 1996. The album was recorded at Abbey Road Studios and produced by Steve Albini. In 2014, British independent record label 3 Loop Music re-released the album as a 2CD Expanded Edition which included b-sides, alternate versions, radio session tracks and live recordings.

Recording 
After Murder Park was recorded in less than two weeks at Abbey Road Studios, following a year during which front man Luke Haines had spent most of his time in a wheelchair after jumping off a wall.

Haines had wanted to hire Steve Albini as a producer to achieve a rawer, darker sound than the Auteurs' previous album Now I'm a Cowboy, and to his surprise, the record label agreed. Recording commenced at the end of March 1995, and after only two weeks, the album was recorded and mixed. However, Hut decided to hold back the release for almost a year.

Release and reception

The Back with the Killer EP was issued in January 1996. Following the Kid's Issue EP in May 1996, Haines announced the band's break-up.

The album received mostly decent reviews, entered the British charts at number 53 and sold around 58,000 copies worldwide. During the heyday of Britpop, this was nonetheless seen as a commercial failure. Author Dave Thompson wrote in his book Alternative Rock (2000) that "under Steve Albini's roughshod tutelage, The Auteurs emerge all but unrecognizable – aggressive and angular, but with sufficient melodicism to suggest that whatever else they'd been doing since their last album, ignoring the Beatles wasn't part of it. Ignoring everyone else, however, certainly was." Trouser Press has called the album a "misanthropic mini-masterpiece."

Track listing
All songs written by Luke Haines.

Original CD/LP (CDHUT33/HUTLP33)
 "Light Aircraft on Fire" – 2:17
 "Child Brides" – 4:26
 "Land Lovers" – 2:31
 "New Brat in Town" – 3:55
 "Everything You Say Will Destroy You" – 2:42
 "Unsolved Child Murder" – 2:08
 "Married to a Lazy Lover" – 3:55
 "Buddha" – 2:52
 "Tombstone" – 3:59
 "Fear of Flying" – 4:41
 "Dead Sea Navigators" – 3:47
 "After Murder Park" – 2:00

Personnel
Personnel per booklet.

The Auteurs
 Luke Haines – guitar, Harmonium, vocals
 James Banbury – cello, Hammond, korg
 Alice Readman – bass guitar 
 Barny C. Rockford – drums

Additional musicians
 Andy Bush – French horn
 Marcus Broome – violin
 Eleanor Gilchrist – violin
 Theresa Whipple – viola
 Abigail Trundle – cello
 Bern Davis – cello

Production
 Steve Albini – recording
 Paul Hicks – assistant engineer
 Stefan De Batselier – inner photo
 Chris Cunningham – treated

See also
 Baader Meinhof – Haines' next project

References
Citations

Sources

External links

After Murder Park at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)

1996 albums
The Auteurs albums
Hut Records albums
Albums produced by Steve Albini
Oswald Skippings

Oswald O'Neil Skippings (born 19 February 1953) is a Turks and Caicos Islander politician who served as the 2nd Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 19 June 1980 to 4 November 1980 and again from 3 March 1988 to 3 April 1991.

Skippings became the youngest member of a Caribbean government ever when he was first elected to the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI) legislature in 1976 at the age of 22.  He later became the youngest leader of a Caribbean government ever when he became Chief Minister in 1980 at the age of 26. Skippings was Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands between June and November 1980 and again between March 1988 and April 1991. In July 2012, he was re-elected leader of the People's Democratic Movement.

References

|-

1953 births
Chief Ministers of the Turks and Caicos Islands
Living people
People's Democratic Movement (Turks and Caicos Islands) politicians
Chilkalguda

Chilakalguda is a residential neighbourhood of Secunderabad, India.

It is predominantly a middle-class neighbourhood with rich of culture, and is located half kilometer away from the Secunderabad Railway Station. Residential Quarters for Employees of South Central Railway are located here. Gandhi Statue is one of the predominant places in the area. The neighbourhoods of Chilakalguda include Padmarao Nagar, Sitaphalmandi, Namalagundu, Parsigutta and Mylargadda.

Transport
Chilakalguda is well connected by road. TSRTC buses shuttles from the area to all parts of the city. The closest MMTS station is at Sitaphalmandi. The nearest Metro Station to Chilakalguda is Secunderabad East Metro Station.

Culture
A few of spiritual sites in the locality include Hanuman temple, Katta Maisamma-Nalla Pochamma temple, Jamia Masjid, Masjid Ahle-Hadith, EIDGAH and the C.S.I. Wesley Church.

Festivals
Ganesh Festival, Bonalu spirits roar high in this Area.

References

Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India
Nathaniel Francis

Nathaniel Joseph Selver Francis (6 May 1912 – 2 November 2004) was a Turks and Caicos Islander politician who served as the 4th Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 28 March 1985 until 25 July 1986, when he was forced to resign after charges of corruption and patronage were leveled against him.

Prior to becoming Chief Minister, Francis was deputy minister of public works.

Francis died in 2004 and the new Parliament Buildings of the Turks and Caicos was renamed NJS Francis Building in 2005.

References

1912 births
2004 deaths
Chief Ministers of the Turks and Caicos Islands
Heads of government who were later imprisoned
Progressive National Party (Turks and Caicos Islands) politicians
Bezold–Brücke shift

The Bezold–Brücke shift or luminance-on-hue effect is a change in hue perception as light intensity changes. As intensity increases, spectral colors shift more towards blue (if below 500 nm) or yellow (if above 500 nm). At lower intensities, the red/green axis dominates. This means that reds become more yellow with increasing brightness. Light may change in the perceived hue as its brightness changes, despite the fact that it retains a constant spectral composition. It was discovered by Wilhelm von Bezold and M.E. Brücke.

The shift in the hue of the colors that occur as the intensity of the corresponding energy change is materially increased, except in some cases like the change for certain invariable hues (approximating the psychologically primary hues). Both Bezold & Brücke worked on the Bezold-Brücke effect and gave important contributions in the field of optical illusions.

This effect is a problem for simple HSV-style color models, which treat hue and intensity as independent parameters. In contrast, color appearance models try to factor in this effect.

The shift in the hue is also accompanied by the changes in the perceived saturation. As the brightness of the color stimuli increases, their color strength also increases to a maximum point and then decreases again; in such a way that it is still wavelength specific. This can, to an extent, be considered as an inverse of the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch effect. In the case of the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch effect, the partially desaturated stimulus is seen to be brighter than fully saturated or achromatic stimulus.

See also 

 Opponent process
 Purkinje shift
 Abney effect

Bibliography 

 W. von Bezold: Die Farbenlehre in Hinblick auf Kunst und Kunstgewerbe. Braunschweig 1874. Full text scan
 "Über das Gesetz der Farbenmischung und die physiologischen Grundfarben", Annalen der Physiologischen Chemie, 1873, 226: 221–247.
M. E. Brücke, “Über einige Empfindungen im Gebiet der Sehnerven,” Sitz. Ber. d. K. K. Akad. d. Wissensch. Math. Nat. Wiss. 1878, 77:39–71.

References

Color appearance phenomena
MCP-1600

The MCP-1600 is a multi-chip 16-bit microprocessor introduced by Western Digital in 1975 and produced through the early 1980s. Used in the Pascal MicroEngine, the WD16 processor in the Alpha Microsystems AM-100, and the DEC LSI-11 microcomputer, a cost-reduced and compact implementation of the DEC PDP-11.

Description 

There are three types of chips in the chip-set:
 CP1611 RALU - Register ALU chip
 CP1621 CON - Control chip
 CP1631 MICROM - Mask-programmed microcode ROM chip (512 – 22 bit words)

The chips use a 3.3MHz four phase clock and three power supply voltages (+5V, +12V, and -5V), as required by the N-channel silicon gate process then available at Western Digital. Internally the MCP-1600 is a (relatively fast) 8-bit processor that can be micro-programmed to emulate a 16-bit CPU. All byte operations execute in one clock period; word operations and branches take two clocks. Up to four MICROMs are supported, but usually two or three could hold the needed microprogram for a processor. 

The register file consists of 26 8-bit registers. Ten may be addressed directly by the microinstruction (Rx), four may be addressed either directly or indirectly (Rx/Gx), and the remaining 12 may be addressed only indirectly (Gx). Indirect addressing is via a 3-bit G register which is usually loaded with the register field of the PDP-11 instruction.

The most significant feature of the MCP-1600 is its Programmable Translation Array (PTA). The PTA serves to generate new microinstruction fetch addresses as a function of several parameters. These parameters are those which are normally considered during the decode of a macroinstruction. The PTA was designed specifically to eliminate most of the overhead of macroinstruction translation. Essentially a macroinstruction opcode is quickly translated into an address that is loaded onto the Location Counter, creating a jump to the appropriate microcode to handle the macroinstruction.

John Wallace was the Project Manager and designed the 1621, Mike Briner designed the 1611, and later became a Senior VP at Silicon Storage Technology.  Bill Pohlman was the design engineering manager and he later was Project Manager for the Intel 8086 processor.

In March 1976, it was announced that National Semiconductor would second-source the MCP-1600. It is unclear whether any were produced by National.

A clone of the CP1611 and CP1621 was manufactured in the Soviet Union under the designation KR581IK1 and KR581IK2 (). The Soviet 581 series included other members of the MCP-1600 family as well.

Simulator
cp16sim is an open source MCP-1600 simulator. Written in C, it emulates the MCP-1600 processor and its PTA executing the code found on the WD9000 Pascal Microengine processor. As of 2016 it is unfinished. "It works well enough to execute the first few dozen p-code instructions of the ACD PDQ-3 boot ROM before going into the weeds." It is released under the GNU General Public License version 3.

Gallery

References

16-bit microprocessors
Western Digital products
Raphael Isaiah Azulai

Raphael Isaiah Azulai (;  born in Hebron 1743 – 9 Shvat, 1826 or possibly 1830) was a rabbi in Ancona until his death. He was the firstborn of Rabbi Chaim Yosef David Azulai. One of his daughters married Abraham Pardo, son of the renowned rabbi David Pardo; and her grandson Moses Pardo was rabbi of Alexandria from 1871 to 1888. He was the author of a number of responsa and decisions, which appeared partly under the title Tiferet Mosheh (The Splendor of Moses), and partly in the Zikron Mosheh of his son Moses (No. 10).

Descendants currently live across the middle east and north Africa.

See also 
 History of the Jews in Ancona

References 

 

 Its bibliography:
Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, s.v.;
Joseph Zedner, Cat. Hebr. Books British Museum;
Ḥazan, Ha-Ma'alot li-Shelomoh, 1894;
The Leisure Hour, London, Aug., 1886;
Allg. Zeit. des Judenthums, 1839, p. 60; private sources

Year of birth unknown
1740s births
1826 deaths
18th-century Italian rabbis
Italian people of Moroccan descent
Rabbis from Ancona
19th-century Italian rabbis
Arbutus Grove Provincial Park

Arbutus Grove Provincial Park is a 22 hectare provincial park located on Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. It was established on 21 July 1966 to protect a representative strand of Arbutus tree.

The park is located within the larger Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region.

See also
Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region

References

External links

Provincial parks of British Columbia
Mid Vancouver Island
1966 establishments in British Columbia
Chris Pile (programmer)

Christopher Pile, a.k.a. The Black Baron, is a British programmer, born in 1969, living in Plymouth, Devon. He created the computer viruses 'Pathogen' and 'Queeg'. He was also a prolific programmer of the ZX Spectrum and MGT SAM Coupé 8-bit home computers, writing Pro-DOS, a CP/M emulator for the SAM, an implementation of the arcade game Defender, and the Dr Kode assembler for the ZX Spectrum, as well as Dr Scroll VTX5000 modem software.

From the mid to late 1980s Pile was writing Z80 code for the ZX Spectrum. Many of his programs were utilities: they included the Dr Kode editor/assembler, the Ultra208 high-capacity disk formatter for the ZX Spectrum +3 and software to allow any ZX Spectrum equipped with a VTX5000 modem to access the many on-line Bulletin Board systems (BBS) which were popular at the time. Pile also had several utility programs published in Your Sinclair magazine, including graphics routines for fast circle drawing and flood fill. Pile was also a contributor to the game hacking pages within the magazine.

Around 1990 Pile turned his attention to the newly released SAM Coupé home computer and wrote two pieces of software for it: ProDOS (a CP/M implementation) and a faithful clone of the arcade video game Defender.

In 1995, Pile was imprisoned for 18 months after being convicted of writing two PC computer viruses known as SMEG.Pathogen and SMEG.Queeg and the virus polymorphic engine known as SMEG.

The SMEG engine was produced as an object file which non-programmers could download and trivially link into an existing virus which, in turn, would make the resulting virus polymorphic and much harder to detect using anti-virus software. SMEG was also the first polymorphic engine with the ability to generate random CALLs to randomly generated subroutines within its encryptors. This gave the generated polymorphic code a more realistic appearance. SMEG also used exclusively 8086 machine language instructions, which meant it ran cleanly on any 80x86 based PC.

The name "Queeg", SMEG and Pathogen, as well as some of the virus activation messages, are from the British TV show Red Dwarf.

Towards the late 1990s Pile spent some time as a commercial games programmer, working mainly on the Nintendo Game Boy, Sega Game Gear and Master System consoles. In late 1997 Pile programmed a PC emulator for the arcade game Asteroids by Atari.

References

External links
Article from Crypt Magazine on Pile, 1996
A general description of the methods behind a polymorph engine, written by Pile under his Black Baron guise.
Chris Piles' Asteroids emulator for PCs
A page about Chris Pile's software for Z80-based computers
Defender, Chris Piles' Defender Game for the Sam Coupe

1969 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
English computer programmers
British computer criminals
Prisoners and detainees of England and Wales
Arctic Pacific Lakes Provincial Park

Arctic Pacific Lakes Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, protecting a pair of lakes known as Arctic and Pacific Lakes, which as their name indicate are on the divide between the Pacific and Arctic drainages.  Inherently, the Continental Divide runs between the two lakes, which lie in a narrow valley amid the rugged mountains of the northwesternmost McGregor Plateau.  The pass formed by the lakes was important during early fur trade operations and was one of the main links between New Caledonia and the fur companies' eastern territories beyond the Rockies.

The park is located 90 kilometres northeast of Prince George, British Columbia and is 13,887 ha. in area.

History and conservation
The park was established June 29, 2000.

The parks aims to protect fall and spring grizzly bear populations, and year-round caribou habitat, as well as fish populations including lake trout, bull trout, rainbow trout, kokanee, dolly varden, mountain whitefish, redside shiner, lake trout, chinook salmon, and Arctic grayling. The secondary role of the park is to protect the 1793 route of Alexander Mackenzie through the continental divide.

External links

Provincial parks of British Columbia
Central Interior of British Columbia
Great Divide of North America
2000 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 2000
Černá Hora (Blansko District)

Černá Hora is a market town in Blansko District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,100 inhabitants.

Etymology
The name of the place (literally "Black Mountain") comes from a hill whose coniferous vegetation looked darker than the surrounding deciduous vegetation. In Latin texts the place is called Nigromons or Czernahora, in German texts Czernahora.

Geography
Černá Hora is located about  east of Blansko and  northeast of Brno. It lies mostly in the Drahany Highlands, the northern part of extends into the Boskovice Furrow. The highest point of the municipal territory is at  above sea level. A dominant feature of the town is the hill Zámecký vrch at . The Býkovka Stream flows through the northern part of the town.

History
The first written mention of Černá Hora is from 1279, when the Černá Hora Castle was mentioned. It was located on crossroads of two trade routes. In 1390, it was first referred to as a market town. From 1333 to 1597, it was owned by the Černohorský of Boskovice noble family. In 1597, the estate was acquired by marriage by the Liechtenstein family. In 1859, the castle was bought by the House of Fries. In 1945, the castle was confiscated by the state.

Demographics

Sights
The Černá Hora Castle is the main sight. The original Gothic castle was renaissance rebuilt in 1561. After it was destroyed by a fire in 1724, part of it was baroque rebuilt in 1830. After 1859, it was completely rebuilt in the pseudo-Renaissance style by the architect Theophil Hansen. In the same time, the castle park with alleys and exotic trees was founded. Since 1950, it houses a retirement home.

Notable people
Leopold Löw (1811–1875), Hungarian rabbi

References

External links

Market towns in the Czech Republic
Populated places in Blansko District
Jewish communities in the Czech Republic