alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Hortalotarsus

Hortalotarsus (etymology uncertain; probably "tarsus of a young bird"?) is a dubious genus of extinct sauropodomorph from the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-aged) Clarens Formation of Eagle's Crag, South Africa.

Discovery and naming
The type species, Hortalotarsus skirtopodus was named by Harry Seeley in 1894, initially as a species of Thecodontosaurus. The holotype is AM 455, consisting today of only a tibia, fibula and phalanges, although more of the skeleton was initially present, including ribs, possible vertebrae, a possible ilium, a possible femur, a possible scapula and a possible humerus, which was discovered by W. H. Wallace in 1888.

According to Robert Broom (1911), "Originally most of the skeleton was in the rock, and it was regarded by the farmers as the skeleton of a Bushman, but it is said to have been destroyed through fear that a Bushman skeleton in the rock might tend to weaken the religious belief of the rising generation." Seeley however, states that most of the skeleton was lost by a failed attempt to free it from the rock by using gunpowder. Some partial leg bones were salvaged.

Description 
Hortalotarsus would have been similar to Massospondylus, reaching around  long when fully grown.

Classification 
Hortalotarsus was subsequently regarded as either a synonym of Massospondylus or a valid genus belonging to Anchisauridae. Galton and Cluver (1976) as well as Galton and Upchurch (2004), however, designated this genus a nomen dubium.

Today, Hortalotarsus is classified as a member of the Massospondylidae.

References

Massospondylidae
Nomina dubia
Fossil taxa described in 1894
Datousaurus

Datousaurus (meaning "chieftain lizard" or "big-head lizard"; originally named using the Malay datu, after its Chinese nickname qiulong - literally "chieftain dragon" - but also a pun on its big head; da tou means "big head" in Chinese) was a dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic. It was a sauropod collected from the Lower Shaximiao Formation in Dashanpu, Zigong Sichuan province, China. It shared the local Middle Jurassic landscape with other sauropods such as Shunosaurus, Omeisaurus, Protognathosaurus, the ornithopod Xiaosaurus, the early stegosaur Huayangosaurus as well as the carnivorous Gasosaurus.

Discovery and species
 
Datousaurus was named by Dong Zhiming and Tang in 1984. To date, only two partial skeletons have been discovered. Neither had an articulated skull, although one skull has been discovered that has been attributed to the genus.

D. bashanensis is the only established species.

Paleobiology
Datousaurus was about 15 metres long and herbivorous. It had a deep large skull for a sauropod. The rarity of its fossils suggest that it may not have been as social as other sauropods, which are often preserved in large numbers in a single deposit.

Datousaurus and Shunosaurus
Datousaurus and Shunosaurus were both closely related animals with similar anatomies. However, Datousaurus's elongated vertebrae gave it a higher reach and its teeth were more spoon shaped. This may be a sign that these contemporaries fed on different plants and/or at different heights in the trees. This strategy may have reduced competition between the two genera. A similar pattern of height difference possibly associated with feeding behaviors is found in the diplodocids.

References
 Creisler B, 'Chinese Dinosaurs:Naming The Dragons' The Dinosaur Report, Fall 1994, pp16–17
 

Middle Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia
Mamenchisaurids
Fossil taxa described in 1984
Taxa named by Dong Zhiming
Paleontology in Sichuan
Ligue de Hockey Junior de Montréal

The Ligue de Hockey Junior de Montréal or Montreal Junior Hockey League was a Junior "B" (Junior "AA" in Quebec) ice hockey league in Quebec, Canada, sanctioned by Hockey Canada.  The league's website was deleted in March 2006.

The teams

Champions
2005 Gouverneurs de Saint-Hubert

External links
Brossard
L'Est
Rosemont

Defunct ice hockey leagues in Quebec
C
Hockey Quebec
Rusty Smith (speed skater)

Rusty Smith (born August 27, 1979) is a short track speed skater from the United States who won bronze in the 500m at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City and another bronze in the 5000m relay at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.

Olympic qualification race controversy

In December 2001, Shani Davis traveled to Utah to race for a spot on the 2002 Winter Olympics short track team. Teammates Smith and Apolo Ohno already had slots on the six-man team due to points earned from earlier races, and Ron Biondo was a lock for the third spot. In order for Davis to qualify, he would have to actually win the final race.  As both Ohno and Smith were also participating, Davis would have to beat them both.  Since Ohno had been dominant in the meet to this point, winning every race he entered with ease, a win by Davis seemed to be a long shot.  However, the 1,000m race would end with Ohno coming in third, Smith second and Davis at the top of the podium.

However, the victory was short-lived, as rumors began to swirl that Ohno and Smith, both good friends of Davis', intentionally threw the race so that Davis would win. After returning to Colorado Springs, O'Hare would file a formal complaint. For three days, Ohno, Smith and Davis stood before an arbitration panel as three of their fellow skaters testified that they heard Ohno telling Smith that he was going to let Davis win.

Ohno would later confess that he subconsciously held back for fear of suddenly crashing into Davis or Smith, a common occurrence in the sport, pointing out that he did not need to win the race because he already had a spot on the team. Question persisted that if Ohno had really held back, why did he keep passing Ron Biondo?  Some speculated that Ohno was holding off Biondo from challenging Smith, as Smith also needed to finish ahead of Biondo in order to secure a spot in the 1000m for Salt Lake.  Even this scenario would have been a violation of the rules of team skating.  Both claims went unproven in the arbitration case, and all three were absolved of guilt.

On February 13, 2002 Sports Illustrated writer Brian Cazeneuve published an article stating that, after reviewing the race, "To this day, there is no concrete proof that any skaters violated the spirit of competition."  Cazeneuve would, however, also publish the comments of Outside Life Network commentator Todd Harris and 1998 Winter Olympian speed skater Eric Flaim, which were made during the broadcast of the race; both men agreed that Ohno and Smith had not skated at 100%.

Notes

External links
 Rusty's U.S. Olympic Team bio 
 
 

1979 births
Living people
American male short track speed skaters
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in short track speed skating
Short track speed skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Laplatasaurus

Laplatasaurus (meaning "La Plata lizard", named for La Plata, Argentina) is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous in South America, with the holotype and only known specimen found in the Anacleto Formation.

Naming and description 
The genus was named in 1927 by Friedrich von Huene, but without a description, so that it remained a nomen nudum. In 1929 the type species, Laplatasaurus araukanicus, was described by Huene. The generic name refers to La Plata. The specific name is derived from the Araucanos or Mapuche. By accident Huene in 1929 also mentioned a "Laplatasaurus wichmannianus" but that was a lapsus calami for Antarctosaurus wichmannianus. In 1933 however, he and Charles Alfred Matley renamed Titanosaurus madagascariensis to Laplatasaurus madagascariensis. This last species is today commonly referred to the original Titanosaurus.

Huene based Laplatasaurus on fragmentary material found in three locations in Argentina, in strata of the Anacleto Formation, dating from the Campanian faunal stage. It consisted of limb elements, some dorsal vertebrae and a series of caudal vertebrae. Part of the finds had earlier been referred by Richard Lydekker to Titanosaurus australis. Huene never assigned a holotype, but in 1979 José Fernando Bonaparte chose MLP 26-306 as the lectotype, a specimen consisting of a tibia and a fibula that perhaps originate from different individuals.

Huene assigned those fossils to Laplatasaurus that seemed to indicate a rather large yet at the same time elegantly built sauropod. The about eighteen metres (60 ft) long Laplatasaurus was perhaps similar to Saltasaurus. Osteoderms forming an armored plating on the back, have been referred to Laplatasaurus but the association is uncertain. These plates had much smaller ridges than those of Saltasaurus.

Taxonomy 
Huene placed Laplatasaurus in the Titanosauridae, which is still a common classification. In his 2003 review of South American titanosaurs, Jaime Eduardo Powell assigned Laplatasaurus to Titanosaurus, creating the new combination Titanosaurus aurakanicus. Others however, continued to treat Laplatasaurus as valid genus separate from Titanosaurus.

A 2015 re-assessment of Laplatasaurus found it to be closely related to Bonitasaura, Futalognkosaurus, Mendozasaurus, and Uberabatitan. The genus was restricted to the lectotype, and the material from Rancho de Avila was assigned to cf. Bonitasaura sp.

References 

Titanosaurs
Campanian genera
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America
Cretaceous Argentina
Fossils of Argentina
Fossil taxa described in 1929
Taxa named by Friedrich von Huene
Anacleto Formation
Sauropods of South America
Late Cretaceous sauropods
Veronica Planella

Veronica Planella (born November 24, 1963 in Santiago, Chile) is a former field hockey player from Canada, Veronica was a 1992 Olympic Games squad member, who later earned several international caps for the Women's Senior National Team.  Planella, a resident of Victoria, British Columbia, represented both Canada and Chile internationally. In 1985 she was named Chilean Athlete of the Year and in 1998-1999 Canadian Most Valuable Player at the National University Championships. She is a Bronze Medalist at the 1995 PanAms Games. After her hockey career she completed a master's degree in Sport and Exercise Psychology and her doctorate in coaching expertise development from the University of Victoria. Planella has worked at the National Coaching Institute and Canadian National Sport Centre, in performance psychology as an educator and strategist, performance analyst and coaching effectiveness researcher. She is also a level 4 Field hockey coach and is a coach education facilitator with the Pan American Hockey Federation (PAHF). At the present time, Veronica teaches at the University of Victoria and has her practice in performance psychology.

International Senior Tournaments (for Canada)
 1995 – Pan American Games, Mar del Plata, Argentina (3rd)
 1995 – Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Cape Town, South Africa (7th)
 1997 – World Cup Qualifier, Harare, Zimbabwe (11th)

External links
 Profile on Field Hockey Canada

1963 births
Living people
Canadian female field hockey players
Chilean emigrants to Canada
Pan American Games medalists in field hockey
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Field hockey players from Victoria, British Columbia
Sportspeople from Santiago
Field hockey players at the 1995 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1995 Pan American Games
Casandra Stark

Casandra Stark Mele was a principal director and actor in the No wave cinema movement referred to as Cinema of Transgression. She made all her films in the 1980s and early 1990s under the name Casandra Stark. Since then, she has added her real family name Mele to her professional name due to a deep connection she felt for her family roots. "Mele" is Italian for apples.

Life and work
Casandra grew up in Wallingford, Connecticut with the first name Rosanne and still answers to "Ro".  She is currently a dramatic vocalist and live performer as well as a painter and film maker. Her films often featured the music of one of her bands, such as Menace Dement and/or The Trees, a duo with guitarist and political scientist Frank Morales with whom Casandra has a child named Frankie.

Her film The Anarchists was aired on Manhattan Cable Television in 1992 and features the music of Missing Foundation. It was partly filmed in Naples, Italy (A city she refers to as Napoli) as well as New York. Her film Parades of Crazy ranges from very surrealistic images of people marching slowly through a park wearing masks to a beach scene in black and white of Casandra herself and her friend Laura May wearing white gowns and splashing in the waves and floating in the tide. Most of her films do not feature Casandra herself, however. She starred in the title role of her Death of an Arabian Woman film.

She has authored six chapbooks, one of which, Your World Not Mine, chronicles events in her life growing up an epileptic.

She has dedicated her talents to working with mentally challenged of the Lower East Side promoting creative outlets such as Coocooloco: An Anthology Of Creative Writings From The So-Called Mentally Ill and The Lower East Side And Beyond, a collection of poetry.

She went on to become a high school teacher in New York.

Footnotes

References
 Sabin, Roger 1999. Punk Rock: So What?; The Cultural Legacy of Punk

Further reading
 Patterson, Clayton (2005). Captured: A Film & Video History of the Lower East Side 
 Jack Sargeant (1999). Deathtripping: The Cinema of Transgression

External links 
 Casandra Stark Mele Official Web Site

Living people
American film directors
American women film directors
Punk filmmakers
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women
Women in punk
Loricosaurus

Loricosaurus (meaning "armour lizard") is a genus of sauropod represented by a single species. It is a titanosaurian that lived near the end of the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 71 million years ago in the early Maastrichtian. Found in the province of Neuquen, Argentina in the Allen Formation. Due to the presence of armour, at first it was thought that it was an ankylosaur, but today it is considered to be the armour of a titanosaur.

Armour
The armour of Loricosaurus has caused some controversy. When Huene first described it, he considered it to be from an ankylosaur. Later, it was discovered to not belong to ankylosaurs, but to belong to titanosaurs. Now it is considered to possibly belong to Neuquensaurus or Saltasaurus.

Species
In 1929 von Huene described Loricosaurus based on some armour osteoderms found in Argentina. The type species, Loricosaurus scutatus, is now considered possibly a synonym of Neuquensaurus.

See also
†Neuquensaurus
†Saltasaurus

References

Saltasaurids
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America
Fossils of Argentina
Allen Formation
Fossil taxa described in 1929
Taxa named by Friedrich von Huene
Maastrichtian genera
Sauropods of South America
Late Cretaceous sauropods
Marmarospondylus

Marmarospondylus ("marble [reference to the Forest Marble Formation] vertebra") is a dubious genus of sauropod dinosaur from Middle Jurassic deposits in the English Midlands.

The type species, Marmarospondylus robustus, was described by Richard Owen as a species of the Late Jurassic genus Bothriospondylus in 1875. The holotype, NHMUK R.22428, a dorsal, was found in the Bathonian-age Forest Marble Formation at Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire. Owen himself in an addendum to the same publication coined Marmarospondylus for B. robustus, presumably due to its being older than B. suffossus. Recent publications have treated Marmarospondylus as a dubious member of Macronaria.

References

Macronarians
Bathonian genera
Middle Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe
Jurassic England
Fossils of England
Fossil taxa described in 1875
Taxa named by Richard Owen
Nomina dubia
Sauropods of Europe
Middle Jurassic sauropods
Boule

Boule may refer to:

Ball games
 Boules, a collective term for games involving players throwing balls at a smaller target ball
 Pétanque, a common variety originating in France and sometimes loosely called "boules" in English
 Boule Lyonnaise, another boules game of French origin
 Boule Bretonne, a boules game from Brittany
 Boule (gambling game), a game similar to roulette

People
 Boule (community), an Akan people in Côte d'Ivoire, Africa
 Auguste-Louis-Désiré Boulé (1799–1865), French playwright
 Marcellin Boule (1861–1942), French palaeontologist

Politics
 Boule (ancient Greece), a citizens' council appointed to run daily affairs of a city
 Hellenic Parliament, transliterated as Vouli or Boule from Greek

Science and geography
 Boule (crystal), an ingot of synthetically produced crystal
 Boule (gene), an alias for the gene BOLL, responsible for sperm production in animals
 , one of the Northern Continental Ranges in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Other uses
 The Boulé, or Sigma Pi Phi fraternity, the oldest fraternity for African Americans named with Greek letters
 Boule (bread), a round loaf of white bread

See also
 Bole (disambiguation)
 Bool (disambiguation)
 Boole (disambiguation)
 Boul (disambiguation)
 Boule et Bill, Belgian comic strip
 Boulle (surname)
 Boully (surname)
 Bowl (disambiguation)
Axostyle

An axostyle is a sheet of microtubules found in certain protists.  It arises from the bases of the flagella, sometimes projecting beyond the end of the cell, and is often flexible or contractile, and so may be involved in movement and provides support for the cell.  Axostyles originate in association with a flagellar microtubular root and occur in two groups, the oxymonads and parabasalids; they have different structures and are not homologous. Within Trichomonads the axostyle has been theorised to participate in locomotion and cell adhesion, but also karyokinesis during cell division.

References

Cell biology
Tenmile Range

The Tenmile Range is a mountain range in U.S. state of Colorado.  The range is an extension of the Mosquito Range which is part of the Rocky Mountains.  The two ranges are effectively the same range.  They are split only by the Continental Divide and name. The Tenmile Range is on the north side of the divide, and the Mosquito on the south.  The range is often referred to as the Tenmile-Mosquito Range.

There are more than a dozen peaks in the range. Peak 1 is the northernmost peak. The sub-peaks of Mt. Victoria and Mt. Royal are located north of Peak 1. Tenmile Peak, south of Peak 1, is also known as Peak 2. Quandary Peak is the southernmost peak and highest point in the Range, elevation 14,271 feet.

The range is famous for its skiing, both backcountry and resort areas. Breckenridge Ski Resort is in the range.

The Tenmile Range includes Pacific Tarn, believed to be the highest named lake in the United States.

Approximately  of the Tenmile Range is protected in the Camp Hale – Continental Divide National Monument.

Highest peaks 
 Quandary Peak 14,271
 Fletcher Mountain 13,951
 Pacific Peak
 Unnamed Peak (commonly known as "Drift Peak") 13,900
 Crystal Peak 13,852
 Atlantic Peak 13,841
 Wheeler Mountain 13,690
 Peak 10 13,633
 Father Dyer Peak 13,615, named for the clergyman John Lewis Dyer
 North Star Mountain 13,614

Additional information
 Peak 1 is the northernmost peak of the range.
 The numbered peaks begin with Peak 1 which is directly north of Tenmile Peak. This peak used to have a ski jumping hill for the town of Frisco. South of Peak 1 are Peaks 2 through 10.  There are more than a dozen peaks in the range. The southernmost is Quandary Peak.  Wheeler Peak and North Star Mountain sit in both the Ten Mile (north) and Mosquito Ranges (south), straddling the Continental Divide.
 Breckenridge Ski Resort occupies the east faces of Peaks 6-10. The summits of Peak 6 and Peak 8 are both accessible by chairlift. The Kensho SuperChair on Peak 6 terminates at a crest in a ridge 300 feet below the summit, while the Imperial Express SuperChair stops at 12,840 feet, 160 feet below the summit of Peak 8. The true summits of both peaks can then be accessed by a short hike from the top of either lift.

Gallery

References

External links
 Tenmile Range @ Peakbagger

Mountain ranges of Colorado
Ranges of the Rocky Mountains
Landforms of Summit County, Colorado
Sue Armstrong

Sue (Susan) Armstrong (born December 14, 1973 in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan) is a former field hockey player from Canada, who earned 51 caps for the Women's Senior National Team during her career.

On the national level Armstrong, who was a resident of Edmonton, Alberta, played for Edmonton Women's FHA and the University of Alberta Pandas.

International senior tournaments
 1997 – World Cup Qualifier, Harare, Zimbabwe (11th)
 1998 – Commonwealth Games, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (not ranked)
 1999 – Pan American Games, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (3rd)

External links
 

1973 births
Living people
Canadian female field hockey players
Commonwealth Games competitors for Canada
Field hockey players at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Sportspeople from Edmonton
Sportspeople from Lloydminster
J. P. Kepka

John Paul "J. P." Kepka (born March 6, 1984) is a short track speed skater from the United States who won bronze in the 5000m relay at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. Kepka also represented the U.S. in the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympics.

He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and skated for the Metros Speed Skating Club.  He is the first male St. Louisian to win a medal in speed skating.

External links 
 J. P. Kepka at the United States Olympic Team 
 
 

1984 births
Living people
American male short track speed skaters
Short track speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in short track speed skating
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Microvenator

Microvenator (meaning "small hunter") is a genus of dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Cloverly Formation in what is now south central Montana. Microvenator was an oviraptorosaurian theropod. The holotype fossil is an incomplete skeleton, most likely a juvenile with a length of , and consequently, the adult size remains uncertain. Microvenator celer is primitive and may be the "sister taxon to all other oviraptorosaurs."

Discovery 

Barnum Brown collected the type specimen (AMNH 3041) in 1933 by a field party working for the American Museum of Natural History and he erroneously included Deinonychus teeth with the specimen. Because of this, Brown informally dubbed it "Megadontosaurus" ("big-toothed lizard"), Brown made illustrations of it, but never published the name, a fate shared with several other Cloverly Formation dinosaurs (Deinonychus, Sauropelta and Tenontosaurus).  AMNH 3041 consists of a partial posterior skull, right dentary, 23 vertebrae, four ribs, the left coracoid, a partial left forelimb, a partial pelvis, and partial hindlimbs. It was not until 1970 that John Ostrom described the type specimen as part of his work on the Cloverly Formation, naming it Microvenator celer meaning "swift small hunter" due to its long legs. Ostrom originally theorized it was part of Othniel Marsh's Coeluridae due to features in the cervical vertebrae.  Ostrom also referred a single tooth from the Yale Peabody Museum collection, YPM 5366, to this new species that likely belongs to Deinonychus. The illustrations that Brown had prepared were finally published in a detailed and exhaustive monograph by Mackovicky and Sues in 1998. They confirmed that Microvenator is an oviraptorosaurian, and that it is the earliest known member of this group from North America.

A second species, "Microvenator chagyabi", has also been named for an indeterminate coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur, from the Early Cretaceous Lura Formation of Tibet. However, it is not formally named, and remains a nomen nudum.

Paleoenvironment 
Microvenator fossils are extremely rare, with only the type specimen described, likely due to lack of teeth and frail bones. Microvenator coexisted with notable dinosaurs like Deinonychus, Sauropelta, and Acrocanthosaurus in the Himes Member of the Cloverly Formation.

See also
 Clovery Formation
 Timeline of oviraptorosaur research

References

Caenagnathids
Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
Taxa named by John Ostrom
Fossil taxa described in 1970
Cloverly fauna
Paleontology in Montana
Microcoelus

Microcoelus (meaning "small hollow") is a dubious genus of small titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Argentina. It is known from only a single dorsal vertebra. A left humerus was formerly referred to this species, but it is now considered to belong to Neuquensaurus. This species is considered a nomen dubium.

It was described by British paleontologist Richard Lydekker in 1893.

References

Titanosaurs
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America
Fossil taxa described in 1893
Taxa named by Richard Lydekker
Nomina dubia
Sauropods of South America
Late Cretaceous sauropods

Santonian genera
Revival (Reverend Horton Heat album)

Revival is The Reverend Horton Heat's eighth studio album.

Track listing

Personnel
Jim "Reverend Horton" Heath- vocals, guitar
Jimbo Wallace - upright bass
Scott Churilla - drums
Tim Alexander - piano on "Party Mad"
Ed Stasium - producer, mixer
Dave Allen - producer, engineer
Paul Williams - engineer
Nick Wagner - artwork
Tom Blackmar - artwork
Mary Gunn - graphic design
Keith Martin - photography
Bobby Dunavin - guitar tech

References

2004 albums
The Reverend Horton Heat albums
Albums produced by Ed Stasium
Yep Roc Records albums
Mochlodon

Mochlodon is a genus of rhabdodontid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Austria and Hungary. It lived during the Late Cretaceous (85-80 Ma) and two species are known: M. suessi and M. vorosi.

Discovery and species 
In 1859 coal mine administrator Pawlowitsch notified the University of Vienna that some fossils had been found in the Gute Hoffnung mine at Muthmannsdorf in Austria. A team headed by geologists Eduard Suess and Ferdinand Stoliczka subsequently uncovered numerous bones of several species, among them those of a euornithopod dinosaur. Stored at the university museum, the finds remained undescribed until they were studied by Emanuel Bunzel from 1870 onwards. Bunzel in 1871 named the euornithopod a new species of Iguanodon: Iguanodon suessii. The specific name honours Suess and is today more often spelled suessi. In 1881 Harry Govier Seeley named a separate genus: Mochlodon. The generic name is derived from Greek mokhlos, "bar", and odon, "tooth", a reference to the bar-like median ridge on the teeth. The type species is Mochlodon suessi. Mochlodon and Struthiosaurus, the latter found at the same site, are so far the only dinosaur genera named from Austrian finds.

The type specimen PIUW 2349 was found in the Grünbach Formation of the Gosau Group dating from the Lower Campanian, about 80 million years old. It consists of a dentary, two vertebrae (presently lost), a parietal, a scapula, an ulna, a manual ungual, a femur and a tibia. Bunzel did not assign a holotype. In 2005 the dentary was chosen as the lectotype.

 
At the end of the nineteenth century Baron Franz Nopcsa noted the similarity of fossils found in Romania to both the French Rhabdodon and the Austrian Mochlodon.  In 1899 he named some of these Mochlodon inkeyi, the specific name honouring Béla Inkey, but the same year changed the name into Rhabdodon inkeyi. In 1900 Nopcsa named some Romanian remains Mochlodon robustum (emended to M. robustus in 1990 by George Olshevsky). In 1915 however, he concluded that all this material could be referred to Rhabdodon, the Austrian remains to Rhabdodon priscus. In later years, Mochlodon was often considered a nomen dubium. In 2003, when M. robustus was renamed Zalmoxes, Mochlodon was tentatively reinstated as a separate genus for the species Mochlodon suessi. In 2005 a study concluded that no unique derived features, autapomorphies, could be established for Mochlodon in relation to Zalmoxes, assigning the Austrian remains provisionally to a Zalmoxes sp.; a definite identification would give Mochlodon nomenclatural priority.

A second species, M. vorosi, was described from the Santonian aged Csehbánya Formation of Hungary in 2012.

References 

Iguanodonts
Campanian life
Santonian life
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Europe
Cretaceous Austria
Fossils of Austria
Fossils of Hungary
Fossil taxa described in 1881
Taxa named by Harry Seeley
Ornithischian genera
Morinosaurus

Morinosaurus (meaning "Morini lizard", for an ancient people of northern France) was a genus of sauropod dinosaur from an unnamed formation of Kimmeridgian-age Upper Jurassic rocks from Boulogne-sur-Mer, Département du Pas-de-Calais, France. It is an obscure tooth genus sometimes referred to the Lower Cretaceous English wastebasket taxon Pelorosaurus.

History and taxonomy 
The French paleontologist H. E. Sauvage based this genus on a single worn tooth, apparently now lost, which he compared to those of Hypselosaurus. Oddly, despite illustrations of the tooth, and the implications of comparing it to a titanosaur with narrow-crowned teeth, it was included as a synonym of Pelorosaurus in two major reviews. Pelorosaurus, being a putative brachiosaurid, is assumed to have had broad-crowned teeth.

Age, however, was not an issue, because it was referred to the possible Pelorosaurus species P. manseli (="Ischyrosaurus"), which was also from the Upper Jurassic (the question of whether "Ischyrosaurus" or any Jurassic species should be included in Pelorosaurus at all is another issue). The most recent review considers it to be a nomen dubium without further comment.

Sauvage also suggested that a partial right humerus belonged to the type individual.

Paleobiology
Morinosaurus would have been a large, quadrupedal herbivore.  Having titanosaur-like teeth may suggest more titanosaurian- or diplodocoid-like feeding habits, but this is speculative. The tooth crown was 50 mm (1.97 im) tall and had a cross-section of .

References 

Sauropods
Kimmeridgian life
Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe
Jurassic France
Fossils of France
Fossil taxa described in 1874
Taxa named by Henri Émile Sauvage
Nomina dubia
Jack Courtney (figure skater)

Jack Courtney (born February 10, 1953) is a former American pair skater.  He competed with partners Sheryl Trueman, Cozette Cady, and Emily Benenson. 
Courtney was a world champion in artistic roller skating in 1969, both in men's singles and in pairs with Trueman.  They switched to ice skating in July 1970 and competed for the first time in the 1970-71 season at the junior pairs level, finishing 8th in that division at the 1971 U.S. Championships.

In the 1971-72 season, Courtney teamed with Cozette Cady and moved up to the senior level. They placed 4th at the 1972 U.S. Championships.

Competitive highlights
(with Benenson)

(with Cozette Cady)

References

1953 births
Living people
American male pair skaters
20th-century American sportsmen
Jonathan Guilmette

Jonathan Guilmette (born August 18, 1978 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian short track speed skater who won silver in the 5000m relay at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. At the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake, he won Gold in the 5000m relay and silver in the 500m.

Jonathan Guilmette currently works at the Olympic Oval in Calgary, AB.

External links
 
 Jonathan Guilmette on Real Champions
 

1978 births
Living people
Canadian male short track speed skaters
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Olympic short track speed skaters for Canada
Olympic medalists in short track speed skating
Short track speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters from Montreal
World Short Track Speed Skating Championships medalists
21st-century Canadian people
Emily Benenson

Emily Benenson (born 1957) is an American figure skater.  She competed in pairs with partner Johnny Johns, and the duo won a bronze medal at the 1973 U.S. Figure Skating Championships.  After their partnership ended, she paired with Jack Courtney.

Competitive Highlights
(with Courtney)

(with Johns)

(with Johns)
1973
U.S. Championships - 3rd

(with Courtney)
1975
U.S. Championships - 3rd
1976
U.S. Championships - 3rd

References

1957 births
Living people
American female pair skaters
21st-century American women
20th-century American women
Hypsibema

Hypsibema is an extinct genus of hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian-aged) Black Creek Group of North Carolina. The type, and only species, is H. crassicauda.

Discovery and naming 
The type species, Hypsibema crassicauda, was described by Edward Drinker Cope, and was found in Sampson County, North Carolina in 1869. The generic name is derived from Greek υψι/hypsi, "high", and βεμα/bema, "step", as Cope believed that the species walked particularly erect on its toes. The specific name means "with a fat tail" in Latin. The syntypic series, USNM 7189, originally consisted of a caudal vertebra, a metatarsal, and two femoral fragments that were originally identified as humeral and tibial fragments, all found in 1869 by North Carolina state geologist professor Washington Carruthers Kerr in the Black Creek Group of North Carolina. A second vertebra referred to the species, USNM 6136, was later discovered by Edward Wilber Berry and referred to H. crassicauda in 1942. In their 1979 review of dinosaur remains from the Black Creek Group, Baird and Horner (1979) noted that the femoral fragments come from a tyrannosauroid similar to Dryptosaurus, and made the caudal vertebra included in the syntype series of H. crassicauda the lectotype, while stating that the metatarsal could not belong to the same individual as the caudal.

A second species, initially placed into the genus Parrosaurus in 1945 was considered a species of Hypsibema, H. missouriensis by Donald Baird and Jack Horner in 1979, and since 2004 the official state dinosaur of Missouri. It was considered dubious in both editions of the Dinosauria, although Chase Brownstein considers Parrosaurus valid and distinct from Hypsibema based on new discoveries at the holotype site.

See also

 Timeline of hadrosaur research

References

Hadrosaurs
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope
Fossils of North Carolina
Campanian genus first appearances
Campanian genus extinctions
Paleontology in Missouri
Fossil taxa described in 1869
SSAT

SSAT is an abbreviation for:
Secondary School Admission Test, a set of tests for admission to private primary and secondary schools in the US
SSAT (The Schools Network), an educational network based in the UK
Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test, a standardized test for admission to higher education in Sweden
Social Security Appeals Tribunal, a former agency of the government of Australia
Margaret Bennett (figure skater)

Margaret Helen Bennett (September 17, 1910June 7, 1984) was an American figure skater.  She won the silver medal at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships in 1932 and competed in that year's Winter Olympics.

Bennett was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota and died  in Chester, Connecticut.

Results

References

1910 births
1984 deaths
American female single skaters
Figure skaters at the 1932 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters for the United States
Sportspeople from Minneapolis
People from Chester, Connecticut
20th-century American sportswomen
Neosodon

Neosodon (meaning "new tooth") was a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Late Tithonian-age Upper Jurassic Sables et Gres a Trigonia gibbosa of Pas-de-Calais department, France. It has never been formally given a species name, but is often seen as N. praecursor, which actually comes from a different animal. Often in the past, it had been assigned to the wastebasket taxon Pelorosaurus, but restudy has suggested that it could be related to Turiasaurus, a roughly contemporaneous giant Spanish sauropod. It is only known from six teeth.

History and taxonomy
Moussaye named this genus for a large, broken, worn tooth found in Wilmille, near Boulogne-sur-Mer, and neglected to give it a species name. He thought that it belonged to a theropod like Megalosaurus. Since then, five more teeth have been found and assigned to Neosodon.

Sauvage synonymized it with his tooth species Iguanodon praecursor, which by this time had become mixed up with  Edward Drinker Cope's roughly contemporaneous American Morrison Formation genus Caulodon (now a synonym of Camarasaurus). However, the two are not based on the same type, as "I". praecursor comes from slightly older rocks: the same unnamed Kimmeridgian formation as Morinosaurus. Earlier reviews (Romer, 1956; Steel, 1970) accepted it as a synonym of Pelorosaurus, and considered it a possible brachiosaurid.

In the 1990s, French researchers published on new camarasaurid bones from the same formation. At first, Buffetaut and Martin (1993) suggested that they belonged to Neosodon praecursor, but Le Loeuff et al. (1996) later rejected this, as Neosodon is based only on several teeth, which did not overlap the new material.  The latest review accepted both Neosodon and "Iguanodon" praecursor as dubious sauropods.  However, Royo-Torres et al. (2006), in their description of Turiasaurus, noted that this tooth was similar to those of their genus and suggested that it could be a turiasaur.

Paleobiology
The teeth referred to Neosodon are large (60 mm [2.36 in] tall and a cross-section of  in its incomplete state, estimated at 80 mm [3.15 in] tall if complete) and spear-like or spatulate in shape. The owner would have been a large, quadrupedal herbivore.

References

Sauropods
Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe
Fossil taxa described in 1885
2004 Belarusian constitutional referendum

A referendum on allowing President Lukashenko to stand in further elections was held in Belarus on 17 October 2004, alongside parliamentary elections. Lukashenko was nearing the end of his constitutionally-limited two terms, and the change would allow him to run for a third term. 

In accordance with article 140 of the constitution, a majority of valid votes as well as a majority of registered voters in favor of the constitutional changes were required for the result to be deemed valid

The result was 88.91% of valid votes and 79.42% of registered voters in favor, with a turnout of 90.28%.

Results

Controversy
Paragraph 112 of Belarusian Electoral Code lists "questions connected with election and dismissal of the President of the Republic of Belarus" among questions prohibited from being brought out to the Republican referendum. There were several arrests of protesters against the result and reports of oppositional leaders being beaten by police.

References

External links
Official 2004 Belarus Rederendum data

Constitutional amendments
Referendums in Belarus
2004 referendums
2004 in Belarus
Constitutional referendums in Belarus
October 2004 events in Europe
Eltham College (Victoria)

Eltham College is a private, non-denominational, co-educational day school situated in Research, an outer suburb north east of Melbourne, Australia.

Founded in 1973, the school has a non-selective admissions policy and currently caters for approximately 1,200 students from Kindergarten to Year 12.

Although no longer a part, having become an affiliate of the EISM (Eastern Independent Schools of Melbourne), Eltham College is a founding member of the ACS (Association of Co-educational Schools). The College is also affiliated with the Association of Independent Schools of Victoria (AISV).

The school is also associated with EC Waves swimming club and training most training is held at the Eltham College pool.

Houses

Alumni
Sport
Warwick Draper – K1 Kayak Slalom Olympian
 Jamie Whincup – V8 Supercar Champion

Media, entertainment and the arts
 Alexandra Adornetto – Children's Author
 Montana Cox – Winner of Australia's Next Top Model 2011
 Blair McDonough – Actor on Neighbours
 Em Rusciano – Comedian, singer, and radio presenter

References

External links
 Eltham College website

Private secondary schools in Melbourne
Educational institutions established in 1972
Buildings and structures in the Shire of Nillumbik
1973 establishments in Australia
Ligabue

Ligabue () is a family name of Italian origin, and may refer to:

Antonio Ligabue (1899–1965), Italian naïve painter
Giancarlo Ligabue (1931–2015), Italian palaeontologist, politician and businessman
Ilva Ligabue (1932–1998), Italian operatic soprano
Luciano Ligabue (born 1960), Italian singer, songwriter, book writer and film director
Ligabuesaurus, an extinct reptile named in honor of Giancarlo Ligabue

See also
 Ligabue (film), a 1978 film

Italian-language surnames
Rosemary Beresford

Rosemary Beresford (date of death unknown) was an American figure skater. In 1918, she won the U.S. Figure Skating Championships.

Competitive highlights

References

Year of birth missing
American female single skaters
Year of death missing
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
Bidental

In ancient Roman religion, a Bidental was a sacred shrine erected on the spot where lightning had struck.

Creation
Any remains and scorched earth at the spot were to be burned in a hole at the location by priests called bidentales. Any person killed by the bolt was to be buried in the earth where the lightning hit, as opposed to traditional cremation. 

A puteal (wellhead), one or sometimes more, was then placed on the spot of burned earth. In order to further consecrate the site, the officiant would sacrifice a two-year-old sheep (called a bidens). Finally, an altar was built, and surrounded by a wall or fence to keep any trespassers away. Occasionally when falling into a state of decay, Bidentals would be repaired or reconstructed.

Significance 
Considered sacred space, a Bidental was not to be touched, trod upon, or even looked at after completion. 

Places being struck by lightning were regarded as a terrifying example of divine wrath, and not to be taken lightly. Had a person committed sacrilege, they were punished severely with frenzy. Primarily, it was believed that these shows of divine power were displayed specifically by Jupiter, Roman god of the sky and thunder as well as king of the gods.

References
 "The Divine Thunderbolt." Google Books. Web. 21 Nov. 2015.
 "Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle." Google Books. Web. 17 Nov. 2015.
 "P996 Bidental." LacusCurtius • Roman Religion. Web. 23 Oct. 2015.
 "The Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary and Greek Lexicon." Internet Archive. 1849. Web. 11 Nov. 2015.

Ancient Roman religious titles
Lightning
Hulda Berger

Hulda Berger (August 15, 1891 - August 24, 1951) was an American figure skater.  She won the ladies bronze medal at the 1931 U.S. Figure Skating Championships. Bulger died on August 24, 1951.

Results

References

1891 births
1951 deaths
American female single skaters
20th-century American women
20th-century American people
Oligosaurus

Oligosaurus is a genus of iguanodont dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Grünbach Formation of Austria.

Discovery and species
In 1859 coal mine administrator Pawlowitsch notified the University of Vienna that some fossils had been found in the Gute Hoffnung mine at Muthmannsdorf in Austria. A team headed by geologists Eduard Suess and Ferdinand Stoliczka subsequently uncovered numerous bones of several species, among them those of an ornithopod dinosaur. Stored at the university museum, the finds remained undescribed until they were studied by Emanuel Bunzel from 1870 onwards. Bunzel in 1871 referred the scapula PIUW 3518 along with a humerus and metapodial (identified by him as a femoral fragment) to Lacerta sp. Seeley (1881) erected Oligosaurus for the scapula and considered the metapodial and humerus to be conspecific, while referring the paralectotype caudal vertebrae of Mochlodon suessi to the taxon. The generic name is derived from Greek oligos, "few", and sauros, "lizard". Norman and Weishampel (1990) and Norman (2004) listed Oligosaurus, along with Ornithomerus and Mochlodon, as a synonym of Rhabdodon. However, Sachs and Hornung (2006) assigned one of the specimens of Oligosaurus (the holotype scapula) to Zalmoxes sp. along with the Mochlodon suessi and Ornithomerus holotypes.

The type specimen PIUW 3518 was found in the Grünbach Formation of the Gosau Group dating from the early Campanian, about 80 million years old.

References 

Iguanodonts
Ornithischian genera
Campanian life
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Europe
Cretaceous Austria
Fossils of Austria
Fossil taxa described in 1881
Taxa named by Harry Seeley
Galder

Tom Rune Andersen (born 18 October 1976), also known by his stage name Galder, is a Norwegian guitarist and vocalist. He is from the small town of Jessheim, north of Oslo. He is a founding member of the melodic black metal band Old Man's Child as well as the lead guitarist in Dimmu Borgir. In 1993, under the stage name Grusom, he, Jardar and Tjodalv created Old Man's Child. On Old Man's Child albums, he has performed vocal work, guitars, bass, and keyboards, though with a full line-up his primary instruments are guitar and keyboards, as well as vocals. He joined Dimmu Borgir in 2000 but has kept Old Man's Child alive.

Galder has also worked with other Norwegian bands such as Dødheimsgard. Member of Dødheimsgard, Aldrahn, wrote some of the lyrics for Old Man's Child demo album In the Shades of Life. He has two sons, Alex and Kevin, who could be read on the credits of Slaves of the World.

Discography 
With Old Man's Child
In the Shades of Life (1994)
Born of the Flickering (1996)
The Pagan Prosperity (1997)
Ill-Natured Spiritual Invasion (1998)
Revelation 666 – The Curse of Damnation (2000)
In Defiance of Existence (2003)
Vermin (2005)
Slaves of the World (2009)

With Dimmu Borgir
Puritanical Euphoric Misanthropia (2001)
World Misanthropy (2002) (DVD)Death Cult Armageddon (2003)In Sorte Diaboli (2007)Abrahadabra (2010)Forces of the Northern Night (2017)Eonian (2018)
With DødheimsgardSatanic Art (1998)

 Videography 
 Behind the Player: Dimmu Borgir'' (DVD, 2010,

Equipment 
ESP Galder Custom V guitar with Pentagram graphic
Ltd Shadow Galder signature guitar
ESP SV series, F Series, and V Series Guitars
Jackson Guitars (former)
Randall Amplification (former)
Peavey Amplification
Marshall amplifiers (former)
ENGL amplifiers (former)
Shure wireless systems
D'addario strings
Dunlop Picks with Pentagram graphic

References 

1971 births
Living people
Dimmu Borgir members
Norwegian heavy metal bass guitarists
Norwegian male bass guitarists
Heavy metal keyboardists
Lead guitarists
Norwegian black metal musicians
Norwegian male singers
Norwegian heavy metal guitarists
Norwegian heavy metal singers
Norwegian multi-instrumentalists
Norwegian rock bass guitarists
Norwegian rock guitarists
Norwegian rock keyboardists
Norwegian rock singers
People from Jessheim
Place of birth missing (living people)
Black metal singers
21st-century Norwegian bass guitarists
Old Man's Child members