alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
A109

A109 may refer to:

 Agusta A109, the former designation of the AgustaWestland AW109, a helicopter model
 A109 road (England)
 A109 road (Kenya)
 RFA Abbeydale (A109) (1937–1959), a tanker of Britain's Royal Navy
 RFA Bayleaf (A109) (1982–2011), a tanker of Britain's Royal Navy
Kapla

Kapla is a construction set for children and adults. The sets consist only of identical wood planks measuring 11.7 cm x 2.34 cm x 0.78 cm. This 15:3:1 ratio of length:width:thickness is different than the dimensions used for traditionally proportioned building blocks (such as unit blocks), and are used for building features such as lintels, roofs and floors. They are known for their stability in the absence of fastening devices.

Name origin

"KAPLA" is an abbreviated form of the Dutch phrase "kabouter plankjes," which means "Gnome Planks."

History
KAPLA was invented in 1987 by Dutchman Tom van der Bruggen. A student of art history, Van der Bruggen had hopes of building a castle from an early age. Inspired by an old abandoned farm on the river Tarn in the South of France, Van der Bruggen converted the farm into his dream castle, complete with carriage entrance, fountains, and towers. To help him visualize the finished construction of his castle, Tom van der Bruggen used wooden blocks, but soon realized that they would not be suitable for certain aspects of the construction, such as the lintels, roofs and floors.

Assembly

KAPLA requires no glue, screws or clips to fix the planks. Each plank is placed one on top of the other, and held in place by weight and balance alone. 
There are 3 possible ways to use Kapla planks:
 Flat
 On the side
 Standing up (vertically)
Also, similar KAPLA constructions can create different assemblages:
 Piled up as bricks: embedding
 Piled up as spiral stairs: stacking
KAPLA is intended for children to safely build, create and experiment by using their imagination.

Varieties
KAPLA bricks are made of pine wood and are available in many different colors. They are sold in sets ranging in size from 40 to 1000 pieces.

Construction and art
KAPLA has created four educational art books, intended to inspire children who use their products. 
They are meant to encourage the use of geometry, physics and technology, while exposing children to the world of art, forms and volumes. 
The books are also created with the intention to help children in understanding the unique and demanding nature of construction.

References

External links

 
 Kapla on KRO Brandpunt (broadcast 19 February 2012) 
 Video of the building (and deliberate toppling) of a Kapla tower 25 meters tall

Toy brands
Construction toys
Educational toys
Wooden toys
Dutch inventions
MacArthur Bridge (Detroit)

The MacArthur Bridge spans the Detroit River in Detroit, Michigan. The bridge, which features nineteen total arches across , provides main access between the city's mainland and Belle Isle. Completed in 1923 for $2.635 million, it replaced an iron bridge with wooden decking that accidentally caught fire and was destroyed in 1915. The bridge, popularly known as the Belle Isle Bridge, was originally named the George Washington Bridge and renamed the Douglas MacArthur Bridge after General Douglas MacArthur in 1942. It was restored in 1986 at a cost of $11.5 million.

In 1913, William Edmund Scripps (of the Scripps publishing family), flew a Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company flying boat underneath the original Belle Isle Bridge.

Two sets of streetcar tracks were built into the east side of the bridge but a streetcar route was never implemented. The tracks were eventually paved over in the 1950s.

Photo gallery

References

External links 

Open-spandrel deck arch bridges in the United States
Bridges in Detroit
Detroit River
Bridges completed in 1923
Road bridges in Michigan
Concrete bridges in the United States
Belle Isle Park (Michigan)
1923 establishments in Michigan
Michael W. Perry

Michael William Perry is the host, of the Perry & The Posse show on KSSK-FM in Honolulu, Hawaii. He also hosts the Hawaiian Moving Company television show on KGMB in Honolulu.

Biography 
Perry was born in Michigan, but grew up in Arlington, Virginia and Washington, D.C., working in the Pentagon.  In 1969, he received a B.S. in Psychology from Michigan State University, then served as a Navy Lieutenant in the Pacific Submarine Force.

Perry launched his radio career during his last two years of college.  As he recalls, "I was a disc jockey by night, a student by day."  In 1972, he moved to Hawaii, joining KKUA and later KSSK (known as K59 at the time), working the afternoon drive-time slot. After Hal "Aku" Lewis died in 1983, KSSK moved Perry to the morning slot and paired him with Larry Price.

The Hawaiian Moving Company 
The Hawaiian Moving Company had started as a disco dance show hosted by radio personality Kamasami Kong before switching to an entertainment magazine format with Perry as host and executive producer.  The first segment he taped was an interview with Tom Selleck and John Hillerman on the set of "Magnum, P.I.", which aired for eight years.

Other Shows 
Other shows that Perry has been on include One West Waikiki, Jake and the Fatman, Baywatch Hawaii and the mini-series Blood and Orchids.
In the 1999 film Molokai: The Story of Father Damien, Perry had a small role as royal physician Georges Phillipe Trousseau.

References

External links
 Biography on the KSSK website
Perry and Price
  

American radio personalities
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Pagan Federation

The Pagan Federation is a UK-based voluntary neopaganist advocacy group. It was formed in 1971 as the Pagan Front, and campaigns for the religious rights of Neo-pagans with the aim of educating both civic bodies and the general public about Paganism. 

Pagan Federation is a constituted voluntary organisation, registered as a private Company limited by guarantee, with exemption for use of 'limited' with Companies House on 22 August 2000, with its nature listed as a Religious Organisation.

The Pagan Federation publishes a quarterly magazine, Pagan Dawn, that features articles, reviews, and research on both modern and historic Paganism.

Beliefs of the Pagan Federation 
The Pagan Federation believes that 'Paganism is the ancestral religion of the whole of humanity'. According the organisation, for a person to be pagan, they need only to believe in the following:
 Each person has a right to follow his or her own path, as long as it harms no one.
 There is a higher power (or powers).
 Nature is to be venerated.

See also 
Neopaganism in the United Kingdom

References

External links 
The Pagan Federation main website
The Pagan Federation International website
The Scottish Pagan Federation website
Pagan Federation London website
PF Wessex website
Guardian G2 Sunday feature `Everyone's a Pagan Now' by Cole Morton
BBC News `Pagans Campaign for Census Voice'
Epping Forest Guardian "Pagns deny "ridiculous" claims of Lammas Day abduction plan"

Religious organizations established in 1971
Modern pagan organisations based in the United Kingdom
1971 establishments in the United Kingdom
Modern pagan organizations established in the 1970s
Nanofiber seeding

Nanofiber Seeding is a process to control the bulk morphology of chemically synthesized conducting polymers.
Typically, catalytic amount of nanofiber seeds are added in prior to onset of nanofiber seeding polymerization (reaction), where seeds are served as the 'morphology directing agent' rather than conventional templates (see hard or soft templating methods).

Description

A new synthetic approach, called nanofiber seeding, was developed to control the bulk morphology of chemically synthesized electronic organic polymers. Bulk quantities of nanofibers of conducting polymers such as polyaniline, can be synthesized in one step without the need for conventional templates, surfactants, polymers, or organic solvents.

Conventional oxidative polymerization approaches to nanostructured conducting polymers include the use of hard template zeolites, opals, and controlled pore-size membranes, or soft template such as polymers and surfactants. A “template-free” approach has also been described in which the use of large organic anions results in polyaniline nanofibers and nanotubes having average diameters in the 650-80 nm range.

Standard synthesis of polyaniline yields granular morphology. However, if the conventional reaction is seeded by 1-4 mg (seed quantities) of added pre-synthesized polyaniline nanofibers, (nanofiber seeds could be prepared from interfacial polymerization) the bulk morphology changes dramatically from granular to nano-fibrillar. Furthermore, increased capacitance values were observed in polyaniline nanofibers synthesized by the nanofiber seeding approach. Oxidative polymerization can be also seeded by other nanostructure materials such as vanadium pentoxide nanofibers, where V2O5 nanofibers (i) Rapidly initiate fibrillar polymer growth (ii) Slowly dissolve in aq. 1.0 M HCl, which eliminates template removal steps. Hence only catalytic amounts (4mg) V2O5 nanofibers are needed prior to onset of polymerization, which significantly change the bulk morphology of the polymer precipitate. Moreover, single-walled carbon nanotube and nano fibrous hexapeptide can be also used as templating seeds. This method can be extended to all major classes of conducting polymers, including polypyrrole, PEDOT and other polythiophenes etc.

Nanofiber seeding is a convenient approach to obtain thin, substrate-supported, transparent films of nanofibers of conducting polymers without requiring any bulk processing steps.

References 
  Synthesis of Polyaniline Nanofibers by ‘Nanofiber Seeding’ Xinyu Zhang, Warren J. Goux, Sanjeev K. Manohar J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2004; 126(14) pp 4502-4503; (Communication) 
  Chemical Synthesis of PEDOT Nanofibers’ Xinyu Zhang, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Sanjeev K. Manohar Chem. Comm.; 2005; 42 pp 5328-5330; 
   Bulk Synthesis of Polypyrrole Nanofibers by a Seeding Approach’ Xinyu Zhang, Sanjeev K. Manohar J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2004; 126(40) pp 12714-12715; (Communication) 

Polymer chemistry
Conductive polymers
Post-Newtonian expansion

In general relativity, post-Newtonian expansions (PN expansions) are used for finding an approximate solution of Einstein field equations for the metric tensor. The approximations are expanded in small parameters that express orders of deviations from Newton's law of universal gravitation. This allows approximations to Einstein's equations to be made in the case of weak fields. Higher-order terms can be added to increase accuracy, but for strong fields sometimes it is preferable to solve the complete equations numerically. This method is a common mark of effective field theories. In the limit, when the small parameters are equal to 0, the post-Newtonian expansion reduces to Newton's law of gravity.

Expansion in 1/c2 
The post-Newtonian approximations are expansions in a small parameter, which is the ratio of the velocity of the matter that creates the gravitational field, to the speed of light, which in this case is more precisely called the speed of gravity. In the limit, when the fundamental speed of gravity becomes infinite, the post-Newtonian expansion reduces to Newton's law of gravity. A systematic study of post-Newtonian expansions within hydrodynamic approximations was developed by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and his colleagues in the 1960s.

Expansion in h 
Another approach is to expand the equations of general relativity in a power series in the deviation of the metric from its value in the absence of gravity.

To this end, one must choose a coordinate system in which the eigenvalues of  all have absolute values less than 1.

For example, if one goes one step beyond linearized gravity to get the expansion to the second order in h:

Expansions based only on the metric, independently from the speed, are called post-Minkowskian expansions (PM expansions).

Uses 
The first use of a PN expansion (to first order) was made by Albert Einstein in calculating the perihelion precession of Mercury's orbit. Today, Einstein's calculation is recognized as a common example of applications of PN expansions, solving the general relativistic two-body problem, which includes the emission of gravitational waves.

Newtonian gauge

In general, the perturbed metric can be written as 

where ,  and  are functions of space and time.  can be decomposed as

where  is the d'Alembert operator,  is a scalar,  is a vector and  is a traceless tensor.
Then the Bardeen potentials are defined as

where  is the Hubble constant and a prime represents differentiation with respect to conformal time .

Taking  (i.e. setting  and ), the Newtonian gauge is 
.

Note that in the absence of anisotropic stress, .

A useful non-linear extension of this is provided by the non-relativistic gravitational fields.

See also

Coordinate conditions
Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations
Linearized gravity
Parameterized post-Newtonian formalism

References

External links
"On the Motion of Particles in General Relativity Theory" by A.Einstein and L.Infeld 
 

General relativity
Linda Smith's A Brief History of Timewasting

Linda Smith's A Brief History of Timewasting was a BBC Radio 4 situation comedy show written by and starring Linda Smith. It ran for two series of six episodes each from July 2001 until July 2002.

Set in East London, where Smith herself lived, A Brief History of Timewasting concerned the struggle of a single woman to fill the day, helped by her inept, sugar-loving, live-in builder Chris (Chris Neill), morbid elderly neighbour Betty (Margaret John), and minicab driver Worra (Femi Elufowoju Jr). Supporting roles were played by Jeremy Hardy and Martin Hyder. Many familiar voices from Radio 4, including then-chief announcer Peter Donaldson, Thought for the Day regular Rabbi Lionel Blue, and Woman's Hour stalwart Jenni Murray, appeared as themselves.

The programme's page on the Radio 4 website says that the show was set in an East London tower block, but details of Chris's building work demonstrate that Linda and Betty lived in neighbouring terraced houses.

Following Smith's death in 2006, Jeremy Hardy revealed that Linda had been working on a third series.

Episodes

Series 1

Series 2

References

Further reading 
 Lavalie, John. "Linda Smith's A Brief History of Timewasting." at epguides
Episode Guide at RadioListings

External links
BBC Radio 4 page
Modern (less informative) BBC page

BBC Radio comedy programmes
2001 radio programme debuts
BBC Radio 4 programmes
Gongsan-dong

Gongsan-dong is an administrative dong in Dong-gu, in northeastern Daegu, South Korea.  It has an area of 83.78 km2, most of which is vacant; its population is only 18,177.  Slightly more than half of the people live in the dong's 38 apartment blocks.

The dong was first constituted in 1981.  For much of the 1980s and 1990s, it was divided into two administrative dong, but these were reunited into Gongsan-dong in 1998.

Gongsan Dam, which supplies drinking water for much of northern Daegu, is also located within the boundaries of Gongsan-dong.  Land use in much of the dong is restricted due to regulations protecting the water supply and natural environment.

Legal dong

Because of the relatively low population density, Gongsan-dong encompasses a total of 14 legal dong.  This is the reverse of the usual situation in urban areas, where legal dong are subdivided into numerous administrative dong.

Jimyo-dong (智妙洞, 지묘동), site of the shrine of Shin Sung-gyeom
Dohak-dong (道鶴洞, 도학동), site of Donghwasa temple
Neungseong-dong (능성동)
Jinin-dong (진인동)
Baegan-dong (백안동)
Migok-dong (미곡동)
Yongsu-dong (용수동)
Sinmu-dong (신무동)
Midae-dong (미대동)
Nae-dong (내동)
Deokgok-dong (덕곡동)
Songjeong-dong (송정동)
Sinyong-dong (신용동)
Jungdae-dong (중대동)

See also
Geography of South Korea
Subdivisions of South Korea

External links
Gongsan-dong government website, in Korean

Dong District, Daegu
Neighbourhoods in South Korea
Julianatop

Julianatop is the highest mountain in Suriname at . It is located in the Sipaliwini District. The mountain is named after Juliana of the Netherlands. The Amerindian name of the mountain is Ipinumin ().

The mountain was supposedly climbed by the Amerindian John Tawjoeram during the 1963 Schultz expedition, however there was no trace of John. On 16 September 2006, an expedition set out to climb the mountain and planted the Surinamese flag on the top.

References

External links
 Julianatop at Peakbagger
 View of Julianatop from this website.  (english translation)

Inselbergs of South America
Mountains of Suriname
Highest points of countries
3C

3C  may refer to:

In astronomy:
 3C, the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources, an astronomical reference series

In business:
 Long March 3C, a 2008 Chinese orbital rocket
 3C Records, a record label
 3C (radio), a defunct digital radio station
 Team 3C Casalinghi Jet Androni Giocattoli, a defunct Italian professional cycling team
 3C, the IATA code for defunct American airline RegionsAir
 Three-cent piece
 3C (trade association) is an American trade association.
In computing:
 Three Cs (Compulsory, Capacity, and Conflict), three categories of CPU cache misses
 3C, or Computer Control Company, Inc., a pioneering minicomputer company (1953–1966)
 Agile model: 3C (Card, Conversation, Confirmation)
 3C, an abbreviation often used in Taiwan for "computer, communication, and consumer electronics"

In genetics:
 Alpha-tubulin 3C, a human gene
 3C, or Chromosome conformation capture, a technique used in molecular biology

Substituted amphetamines (2C family analogues):
 3C-G (Ganesha) with homologues
 3C-BZ
 3C-P
 3C-E

In places:
 Stalag III-C, a German Army World War II POW camp for Allied soldiers near Alt-Drewitz

See also
C3 (disambiguation)
List of pages with prefix 3C
Jungle Jam and Friends: The Radio Show!

Jungle Jam and Friends: The Radio Show!, or simply Jungle Jam, is a children's radio show with Evangelical Christian themes and humor. The show was created by Jeff Parker and is owned by Fancy Monkey Studios, Inc. (formerly Woolly Mammoth Entertainment). It features voices, writing, and sound editing by Nathan Carlson, Phil Lollar, David Buller, and many others. These people have also been involved in other well-known radio projects, including Adventures in Odyssey.

History 
The program first aired in 1993 and within two years it had been aired on over 800 radio stations. Cassettes of the broadcast were available from Word Entertainment until the year 2000. At that point, the show was taken over by Fancy Monkey Studios, Inc., who sell CDs and downloads of the broadcasts. Jungle Jam continues to air, with the most recent episode, "The Merry Christmas Show," recorded in front of a live studio audience and released in 2010. The series features songs by award-winning husband and wife musicians, Buddy Miller and Julie Miller.

Around the late 1990s or early 2000s, Big Idea Productions bought the rights to make an animated spin-off series. However, Big Idea was in the process of working on other projects at the time, and the series never came into fruition. All that exists of the project is a piece of concept art by Jody Nilson.<ref name=":2" Jeff Parker, Nathan Carlson, and Phil Lollar even created and worked with Big Idea on the animated series 3-2-1 Penguins!.

Storylines 
The show is usually set in the jungle, although episodes occasionally take place elsewhere.  Episodes follow a pattern: an introduction will be followed by a ten- to forty-five-minute story. The shorter stories end in an upbeat song; the longer episodes are divided into two parts and have songs scattered throughout. Although most episodes feature the Jungle Jam gang, some follow a boy named Marvy Snuffleson and his sister Katie and their visits to the remarkable RazzleFlabben Island. All episodes teach a lesson about the Bible or about Christian life.

See also 
 List of Jungle Jam and Friends: The Radio Show! characters
 List of Jungle Jam and Friends: The Radio Show! episodes
 Iliad House

References

External links 
 

 
American Christian radio programs
Christian radio dramas
Joss JP1

The Joss JP1 is a test prototype sports car developed by Joss Developments which never made production.

The first test vehicle, known as the JT1, was designed, engineered and subsequently launched in 2004. It was shown to the public at the Melbourne, Adelaide and Sydney Motorshows to critical acclaim, and established the company as a serious supercar operation. The prototype vehicles achieved performance figures in testing with an acceleration time of 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.0 seconds and a quarter mile time of 11.7 seconds at .

The Joss JT1 can be seen in the Xbox 360 video games PGR3 and PGR4 (although at that point no actual road-going car existed), as well as in Forza Motorsport 3, Forza Motorsport 4, and Forza Horizon.

Following feedback, additional external investment and other technological developments, the company embarked upon their mid-engined production version, internally code-named the Joss JP1. Production was set for 2013 with 25 produced each year at a price above $500,000. After investment ended in 2014, attempts were made to scale down to a race car version to compete in Targa Tasmania using crowdfunding.

As of December 2016, the JT1 is listed for sale on the carsales.com.au website.

Design
Joss Developments Limited was founded by Technical Director Matthew Thomas, an automotive designer who has worked for many years around the world for companies such as Stewart Grand Prix, Bentley, Jaguar, and Aston Martin.

The early version of supercar, the JT1, had only one colour, being somewhat close to a sky blue, though the car has been photographed with its production team in white. The revised JP-1 has been seen in a number of colours as the team run through the vehicle's development.

Joss JP1

Performance Claims 
0–100 km/h (0-62 mph): sub 3.0s
0–400 m (quarter mile): 11.7s
Top Speed: 340+ km/h (211 mph)

Engine/Drivetrain
 All aluminium V8 DOHC, fuel injected
 Joss/Albins bespoke transaxle

General Data
Wheelbase: 
Length: 
Width: 
Height: 
Ground clearance: 
Frontal area: 1.8m2
Curb weight:

Joss JT1

Performance Claims 
0–100 km/h (0-62 mph): 3.0s
0–400 m (quarter mile): 11.9 seconds @ 
Top Speed:  (estimated)

Engine/Drivetrain
 6.8L all-alloy fuel injected 16V V8
 5 speed manual (Porsche G50), triple plate clutch

General Data
Wheelbase: 
Length: 
Width: 
Height: 
Ground clearance: 
Frontal area: 1.6m2
Curb weight:

References

External links
Kickstarter site
Joss Supercar Nearing Debut
2004 Custom Race Car Joss JT1 Manual for sale

Cars of Australia
Cars introduced in 2004
Sports cars
Coupés
Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Lunarian

Lunarian may refer to:
 Supposed inhabitants of the Moon in fiction
 A fictional race of the Final Fantasy IV video game
 A fictional race of the anime/manga One Piece
 A fictional race from Touhou Project franchise
 Lunarian (album), a 2021 Donovan album

See also 
 Luna (disambiguation)
 Lunar (disambiguation)
 Lunatic (disambiguation)
 Moon people (disambiguation)
Goldfish plant

Goldfish plant is a common name for several plants and may refer to:

 Columnea
 Nematanthus
Richard Rosser, Baron Rosser

Richard Andrew Rosser, Baron Rosser (born 5 October 1944) is a British former trade union leader and Labour politician, sitting in the House of Lords. He is the Shadow Spokesperson for Transport and Home Affairs for Labour in the House of Lords.

Trade Union career
Initially employed by London Transport he joined the staff of the Transport Salaried Staffs' Association (TSSA) early in his working career, representing London Transport's white-collar staff in negotiations with the management. He rose through the ranks of the TSSA to be an Assistant General Secretary (one of two, at the time), and in 1989 he was elected General Secretary of the union (i.e. in day-to-day control, but answerable to an elected Executive Committee of lay members, and to the Annual Conference). Rosser was re-elected twice, serving a total of fifteen years in office before his retirement in 2004 – a record second only to the thirty years (1906-1936) served by Alexander Walkden.

During his time at the TSSA, Rosser was also a magistrate and was Chairman of the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party in 1997–98.

Political activity
Rosser was the Labour candidate for Croydon Central at the general election of February 1974, but was not elected.

House of Lords
Following his retirement from TSSA he was created a life peer on 14 June 2004 as Baron Rosser, of Ickenham in the London Borough of Hillingdon, taking his seat in the House of Lords on the Labour Party benches in the summer of 2004. In addition to transport matters, he takes an interest in penal policy, being chair of the Prison Service Audit Committee and a non-executive member of the Prison Service change programme board.

He has served as an Opposition Whip and Spokesperson for the Labour Party on defence, home affairs and transport at various times since 2010.

References

External links
House of Lords member profile.

1944 births
People educated at Haydon School
Living people
General Secretaries of the Transport Salaried Staffs' Association
Labour Party (UK) life peers
Chairs of the Labour Party (UK)
Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Members of the General Council of the Trades Union Congress
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
Noah Huntley

Noah Cornelius Marmaduke Huntley (born 7 September 1974) is an English actor and model. He has appeared in films such as 28 Days Later (2002), The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005), Snow White and the Huntsman (2012) and Dracula Untold (2014).

Background
Huntley was born in Wiston, West Sussex, the son of Karen and Graham Huntley. He grew up as one of eight on a Sussex farm. He was educated at Windlesham House School in Pulborough, Sussex, Our Lady of Sion School in Worthing,  at Leighton Park School in Berkshire, and Collyer's IV Form College in Horsham, Sussex. Huntley lives between England and America and he is a vegetarian.

His early acting career included roles in Birds of a Feather, he also played Luke McAllister from 1993 to 1995 in the British soap opera Emmerdale. He went on to star alongside Dominic West and Josh Lucas in True Blue and alongside Laurence Fishburne and Sam Neill in Event Horizon.

He then returned to TV, playing Harchester United Captain, Michael Dillon in the football drama Dream Team. In 2002, he starred in Danny Boyle's 28 Days Later alongside Cillian Murphy and Naomie Harris.  He played Will Curtis in Holby City for the 2004–05 season and then went on to appear in numerous other feature films, including Snow White and the Huntsman in 2012 and Dracula Untold in 2015. In 2015 he also played the lover of Elizabeth Hurley's character in a multi-episode arc of the E! original series The Royals. Huntley has been filming a pilot in Northern Ireland of The Pardoner's Tale, and since 2019 he has been working as a series regular on the CW science fiction series Pandora, playing Professor Donovan Osborn.

As a fashion model, he has appeared in campaigns for Bloomingdales, Paul Smith, Jigsaw, Cacharel and Nautica. He has shot with Annie Leibovitz for Stella Artois and Peter Lindbergh for L'Oreal. He has also appeared as a model in international editions of Vogue Hommes, Esquire and GQ.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links
 

1974 births
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
English male child actors
English male film actors
English male television actors
English male models
Living people
Male actors from Sussex
People educated at Leighton Park School
People educated at Our Lady of Sion School
People educated at Windlesham House School
People from Wiston, West Sussex
Megan Burns

Megan Burns (born 25 June 1986), also known as Betty Curse, is an English musician and actress.

Early life and acting career
Burns was born in Liverpool, England. When Burns was 11, her grandmother sent her to acting classes. From there, she received a part in the film Liam (2000). She won the Marcello Mastroianni Award at the Venice Film Festival for her performance. Danny Boyle saw this and cast her in his film 28 Days Later, where she played Hannah, one of the survivors of a deadly epidemic.
Megan was cast in the film In2ruders, directed by Naeem Mahmood, also starring Tony Hadley and Caprice Bourret.

Singing career
Burns has since worked as a singer under the pseudonym Betty Curse. Her first single release was a double A-side, "Met on the Internet" and "Excuse All the Blood", released 29 May 2006. Her first album Hear Lies was released on 31 October 2006 via iTunes.

The CD version, Here Lies Betty Curse, was released in April 2007. The album's first single, "God This Hurts", was released in August 2007, shortly followed by "Girl with Yellow Hair" on 13 November. In 2006 she performed and won on a Halloween special of the children's television programme The Slammer with "Girl With Yellow Hair".

Filmography

Film

Discography

Albums
2006 Hear Lies – release 30 October (download only)
2006 Here Lies Betty Curse

Singles
2006 "Excuse All the Blood"
2006 "God This Hurts" UK No.116
2006 "Girl with Yellow Hair" UK No.132
2007 "Do You Mind (If I Cry)"

References

External links

Betty Curse interview at musicOMH.com
Betty Curse (Band) on Myspace
Betty Curse "Megan Burns" on Myspace

1986 births
Living people
English film actresses
Women rock singers
Musicians from Liverpool
Actresses from Liverpool
21st-century English actresses
21st-century English women singers
21st-century English singers
English pop rock singers
Marcello Mastroianni Award winners
Gongsan Dam

Gongsan Dam is a dam in Jimyo-dong, Dong-gu, Daegu, South Korea.  Built across the Donghwacheon stream flowing south from Palgongsan, the dam is responsible for securing the water supply for much of northern Daegu.

The dam's construction began in 1979 and was completed in 1981.  Since then, the use of much of the surrounding land has been restricted, due to concerns that development might lead to a loss of water quality.  Local residents have protested these restrictions from time to time.

See also
List of dams

Buildings and structures in Daegu
Dams in South Korea
Dams completed in 1981
Preston Lodge RFC

Preston Lodge Former Pupil Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in Prestonpans in East Lothian, Scotland. Formed in 1929, they currently play in Scottish National League Division Two.

History

The club formed in 1929–30 with Dr. Boyle as its first president and originates from the roots of Preston Lodge High School, formed in 1924. This connection is still going strong today. The club fields teams at every age group Primary 1–7, Secondary 1–3, under-16, under-18. As well as fielding two senior XV's. The Club has formed links over the years with United Pirates – a club in New Zealand and Balmy Beach rugby club in Toronto, Canada. This has allowed for the exchange of players and coaching techniques.

A number of PLRFC players have played age group rugby for Scotland and gaining many caps for their country. The most recent and successful players to do this are Scott Murray and Allan Jacobsen, both played for Edinburgh and Scotland.

Preston Lodge RFC Defeated Dalziel RFC To Win The SHE Bowl At Murrayfield in May 2008.

PL recorded an amazing season in 2013–14, winning the East Regional Division 1 Championship remaining unbeaten throughout the whole league, winning 18 out of 18 games. They are back with a bang in 2021 with a young exuberant squad.

In 2014–15 PL gained promotion for the third season running, finishing 2nd in BT National League Three and gaining automatic promotion to BT National League Two for the 2015–16 season.

Sides

Preston Lodge play at Pennypit Park in Prestonpans and are currently fielding two teams each week.

Preston Lodge Sevens

The club run the Preston Lodge Sevens tournament.

Notable players

 Allan Jacobsen
 Scott Murray

Honours

 Preston Lodge Sevens
 Champions (2): 1988, 1995
Peebles Sevens
 Champions (2): 1981, 1994
Walkerburn Sevens
 Champions (1): 1997
 Ellon Sevens
 Champions (1): 1993
 Penicuik Sevens
 Champions (7): 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1973, 1976, 2015
 Haddington Sevens
 Champions (4): 1963, 1964, 1990, 1996
 Edinburgh District Sevens
 Champions (6): 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966
 Musselburgh Sevens
 Champions (1): 1989
 Kirkcaldy Sevens
 Champions (1): 1976
 North Berwick Sevens
 Champions (4): 1961, 1968, 1972, 1974

References

External links
 Preston Lodge RFC

Rugby union teams in Scotland
Rugby clubs established in 1929
1929 establishments in Scotland
Rugby union in East Lothian
Prestonpans
Cluster One

"Cluster One", an instrumental, is the opening track on Pink Floyd's 1994 album, The Division Bell.

History
It is the first Pink Floyd collaboration between Richard Wright and David Gilmour since "Mudmen", from the 1972 album Obscured by Clouds. 

The piece has never been performed live by the band, although portions of it were included in the sound collage tape played before their 1994 concerts.

Track overture
The noise which opens the track caused some confusion among fans in 1994, who were unsure, on playing the album for the first time, whether or not their copy was faulty, as the noise lasts for just over 1 minute before any music begins. According to an interview with Andy Jackson, recording engineer for the album, this noise is electromagnetic noise from the solar wind. More precisely, this sound is a very low frequency record of dawn chorus and sferics, radio events respectively due to solar wind interference with Earth's magnetosphere, and lightning strikes radio emissions interfering with Ionosphere; this sound has been mistaken for Earth's crust shifting and cracking.

Personnel
David Gilmour – guitars
Nick Mason – drums, percussion
Richard Wright – piano, Kurzweil synthesizers, Hammond organ

References

1994 songs
Pink Floyd songs
Rock instrumentals
Songs written by David Gilmour
Songs written by Richard Wright (musician)
Song recordings produced by Bob Ezrin
Song recordings produced by David Gilmour
1990s instrumentals
Gongsan

Gongsan may refer to:
Gongsan-dong, neighbourhood of Dong-gu, Daegu, South Korea
Palgongsan, mountain in southeastern South Korea
Gongju, city in South Chungcheong, South Korea
Gongsan-myeon, township in Naju, South Jeolla, South Korea; see list of townships in South Korea

People with the name Gongsan include:
Deng Guangming (1907–1998), courtesy name Gongsan, Chinese historian

See also
Gongsandang (disambiguation)
Gongsan Dam, dam in Daegu, South Korea
Phương Liên

Princess Phương Liên of Vietnam (born 3 November 1939 in Đà Lạt) is a daughter of Bảo Đại, the last emperor of Vietnam, and his first wife, Empress Nam Phương.

Biography 
Her father abdicated as emperor in 1945.

She was educated at the Convent des Oiseaux, Verneuil-sur-Seine, France, and in England.

On 6 January 1961, in the Catholic rite of matrimony, Princess Phương Liên married banker Bernard Maurice Soulain, in Chabrignac, Corrèze, France. He is from Bordeaux, and is the son of Alysse Albert Soulain and his wife, Yvonne Adrienne Marguerite Cousin.

They have two daughters:
 Valérie Soulain (born on 20 July 1963)
 Caroline Soulain (born on 20 March 1966)

References

Ancestry 

1939 births
Living people
Nguyen dynasty princesses
Vietnamese Roman Catholics
Vietnamese expatriates in France
Daughters of emperors
21st-century Vietnamese women
Aminolysis

In chemistry, aminolysis (/am·i·nol·y·sis/) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule is lysed (split into two parts) by reacting with ammonia () or an amine. The case where the reaction involves ammonia may be more specifically referred to as ammonolysis.

Reactions

Alkyl group
An example of an aminolysis reaction is the replacement of a halogen in an alkyl group () by an amine () and the elimination of hydrogen halide (HX).

R-X + R'-NH2 -> R-NH-R' + HX

Synthesis of peptides
Another common example is the reaction of a primary amine or secondary amine with a carboxylic acid or with a carboxylic acid derivative to form an amide. This reaction is widely used, especially in the synthesis of peptides. On the simple addition of an amine to a carboxylic acid, a salt of the organic acid and base is obtained. To overcome this, the carboxylic acid first needs to be "activated". This is usually done by converting the acid into a more reactive derivative (i.e. anhydride, acid halide) or by using a coupling agent. In some cases, high temperatures (>200 °C) can overcome salt formation by driving off water, without the need for "activation" of the carboxyl group. The downside to this simple reaction is that the compounds may decompose at these elevated temperatures.

The carboxylic acid derivatives can be esters, anhydrides, acid halides or any other activated species.

The choice of activated carboxyl group or coupling agent can be very important in peptide synthesis, as using the wrong one can lead to racemization.

Synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids
Making an amide is one of the processes which require ammonia as a reactant. There are other processes of preparing an amide such as from acid anhydrides and acyl chloride.

Carboxylic acids react with ammonium carbonate, to convert the carboxylic acids to ammonium salts. For example, acetic acid reacts with ammonium carbonate to produce ammonium acetate.

After the reaction is completed, ammonium acetate is heated under reflux (170 °C) to dehydrate the salt and eliminate excess acetic acid and water producing acetamide:

Usage

PET degradation
PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) belongs to the polyester family, it can be used for many purposes such as plastic bottles and filter cloth as it is thermoplastic polymer.  PET can be degraded by using aminolysis which works similarly to solvolytic reaction and aminoglycolysis. For aminolysis, PET reacts with DETA (diethylenetriamine) or TETA (triethylenetetramine) which is polyamine. The reaction involves 200 - 210 Celsius. From this reaction, the products are symmetrical primary amides, asymmetrical primary/ secondary diamides, and symmetrical secondary diamides. The remaining waste material products can be used for hardening of epoxy resins. Similarly, in solvolytic reaction, the polyester reacts with water, acid, amine or alcohol, and in aminoglycolysis reaction, the polyester reacts with TEA (triethanolamine). 

This is PET degradation with polyamines through aminolysis route.

See also 

 Solvolysis

References 

Substitution reactions
General chemistry
Foothill Technology High School

Foothill Technology High School (FTHS, commonly known as Foothill Tech or simply Foothill) is a magnet high school in Ventura, California. The school is part of the Ventura Unified School District.

History
Foothill Technology High School opened in 2000 to alleviate overcrowding at the city's two existing comprehensive high schools, Buena and Ventura. Admission is determined via lottery.

Academics
Foothill Technology High School has been a California Distinguished School since 2005 and won the National Blue Ribbon Award in 2006 and 2012. In 2012 the school was ranked 78th in California and 419th in the U.S. by U.S. News & World Report.

Foothill Tech consistently ranks among the top high schools in California according to its Academic Performance Index (API) test scores. The school's API reached 896 in 2006, the 16th highest score among high schools in the state of California and the highest in Ventura County. FTHS scored 904 in 2007, then 899 in 2009 — yielding a #18 rank in the state. Foothill Tech's API increased to 906 in 2010. In 2011 FTHS retook the top spot in Ventura County with an API score of 914, beating Oak Park High School.

Athletics
Foothill Technology High School athletic teams are nicknamed the Dragons. The school is a member of the CIF Southern Section (CIF-SS) and competes in the Tri-County Athletic Association. The school has offered interscholastic athletics since the 2014–15 academic year; prior to this, student-athletes competed for the comprehensive school within whose attendance boundaries they resided (Buena or Ventura).

Foothill Tech won back-to-back CIF-SS girls' cross country championships in 2017 and 2018. The FTHS boys' soccer team captured its first section title in 2020.

Notable alumni
 Anderson Paak, Grammy-winning singer, songwriter, drummer, rapper, and record producer
 Ryan O'Connell, Writer, actor, director, comedian, LGBTQ activist, and disability advocate.
 William Osman, YouTuber and engineer

References

External links

Magnet schools in California
High schools in Ventura County, California
2000 establishments in California
51st Regiment of Foot (disambiguation)

51st Regiment of Foot may refer to:

51st (2nd Yorkshire West Riding) Regiment of Foot, former British Army regiment, 1755-1881
51st Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, American Civil War regiment
51st Indiana Infantry Regiment, American Civil War regiment
51st King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, British Army regiment, 1881-1968
Hiraku Nakajima

Hiraku Nakajima (Japanese: 中島 啓 Nakajima Hiraku; born November 30, 1962) is a Japanese mathematician, and a professor of the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe at the University of Tokyo. He is International Mathematical Union president for the 2023–2026 term. 

He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Tokyo in 1991. In 2002 he was plenary speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Beijing. He won the 2003 Cole Prize in algebra for his work on representation theory and geometry. He proved Nekrasov's conjecture.

Biography
 1985 - BA from the University of Tokyo
 1987 - MA from the University of Tokyo, and became a research associate at the University of Tokyo
 1991 - PhD from the University of Tokyo
 1992 - Associate professor at Tohoku University
 1995 - Associate professor at the University of Tokyo
 1997 - Associate professor at Kyoto University
 2000 - Full professor at Kyoto University
 2018 - Full professor at Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe

Awards and prizes
 1997 - Geometry Prize of the Mathematical Society of Japan
 2000 - Spring Prize of the Mathematical Society of Japan
 2003 - Cole Prize in algebra of the American Mathematical Society
 2005 - JSPS prize of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
 2014 - Japan Academy Prize

Notable publications
Shigetoshi Bando, Atsushi Kasue, and Hiraku Nakajima. On a construction of coordinates at infinity on manifolds with fast curvature decay and maximal volume growth.  Invent. Math. 97 (1989), no. 2, 313–349.  
Hiraku Nakajima. Instantons on ALE spaces, quiver varieties, and Kac-Moody algebras. Duke Math. J. 76 (1994), no. 2, 365–416.  
Hiraku Nakajima. Heisenberg algebra and Hilbert schemes of points on projective surfaces. Ann. of Math. (2) 145 (1997), no. 2, 379–388.  ,  
Hiraku Nakajima. Quiver varieties and Kac-Moody algebras. Duke Math. J. 91 (1998), no. 3, 515–560.  
Hiraku Nakajima. Quiver varieties and finite-dimensional representations of quantum affine algebras. J. Amer. Math. Soc. 14 (2001), no. 1, 145–238.

External links
 Nakajima's homepage
 

1962 births
Living people
Academics from Tokyo
20th-century Japanese mathematicians
21st-century Japanese mathematicians
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
Azabu High School alumni
University of Tokyo alumni
Academic staff of Tohoku University
Academic staff of the University of Tokyo
Academic staff of Kyoto University
Presidents of the International Mathematical Union
Breasclete

Breasclete () is a village and community on the west side of the Isle of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Breasclete is within the parish of Uig, and is situated adjacent to the A858.

History
Breasclete has several stone circles, as well as various cairns. The Bronze Age-era Olcote kerbed cairn, south of the settlement, was excavated in 1995 during road works, by CFA Archaeology, and the site seems to form part of a wider ceremonial complex. The cairn contained a cist burial and the archaeologists believe there was a satellite cist burial on the outside of the cairn but due to the acidity of the soil no bones survived to confirm this. The local pier, situated west of the settlement, was built in the early 20th century, and has a quay of similar construction.

Community
One of the main services in the village is Breasclete Primary School, which has a current total of 27 children.  There is a thriving community with the new Hall as the base for a number of community groups and organisations.

Economy
The village also hosts the Equatec facility, a pharmaceutical facility dedicated to fatty acid research and production, which has now been taken over by German giant BASF in June 2012.

Other businesses located in the area include Scottish Fish Farm who have a number of sites in East Loch Roag, and Hebridean Soap who operate from their base in Breasclete.

Traditional industries like Harris Tweed also offer employment, and crofting is at the heart of the community.

References

External links

Canmore - Lewis, Breasclete site record
Canmore - Lewis, Breasclete, Lightkeepers Dwelling Houses site record

Villages in the Isle of Lewis
Melbost

Melbost () is a traditionally Gaelic-speaking village in Point on the east coast of the Isle of Lewis, in Scotland's north-west. It is largely a crofting township and is about  east of Stornoway at the head of an isthmus connecting with the Eye Peninsula. Melbost is technically in the district of Point; however, it is not located on the Eye Peninsula itself. The RAF Stornoway war memorial is located in the village.

Culture 
The Gaelic poet Murdo Macfarlane () known as 'Bàrd Mhealaboist' (the Melbost Bard) was a published poet and campaigner for Scottish Gaelic who was born and brought up in Melbost. He is famous for the song Cànan nan Gàidheal.

See also 
 Lewis and Harris
 History of the Outer Hebrides

References

External links 

 Visitor's guide for the Isle of Lewis
 Website of the Western Isles Council with links to other resources
 Disabled access to Lewis for residents and visitors
 
 A Guide to living in the Outer Hebrides, with most information pertaining to Lewis

Villages in the Isle of Lewis
Marian McCargo

Marian McCargo Bell (March 18, 1932 – April 7, 2004) was an American  actress and champion tennis player who later found success in film and television roles. She was sometimes credited as Marian Moses.

Early life and education

McCargo graduated from Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut, and attended Boston's West Hills College. In 1951, she married Richard Cantrell Moses, who later became an advertising executive in Los Angeles. They had four sons: actors Rick and William R. Moses, director Harry Moses, and Graham Moses. They were divorced in 1963.

Acting career

McCargo first entered acting as a supporting player on such popular television shows as Perry Mason (in 1964 she played murder victim Sibyll Pollard in "The Case of the Latent Lover"; and in 1965 she played defendant Louise Selff in "The Case of the Wrathful Wraith".)  Her other television show appearances included: Hawaii Five-O, Hogan's Heroes, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Mannix, Gomer Pyle, USMC, and The Man from U.N.C.L.E..

McCargo made her feature film debut in the crime comedy Dead Heat on a Merry-Go-Round in 1966, which was also the debut film of Harrison Ford. Subsequent film roles included: Buona Sera, Mrs. Campbell in 1968 (playing opposite Peter Lawford, Gina Lollobrigida, Shelley Winters, Telly Savalas, and Phil Silvers); The Undefeated in 1969 (with John Wayne and Rock Hudson); and Doctors' Wives in 1971. McCargo also became known for her television role as Harriet Roberts on the nighttime soap, Falcon Crest.

Political wife

In 1970, McCargo married U.S. Congressman Alphonzo E. Bell Jr. of California, a widower with three sons of his own. They had met while she was starring with John Wayne in The Undefeated, Wayne being a close personal friend of Bell's. She then retired from acting to become a political wife.

Death

McCargo died of pancreatic cancer in 2004, in Santa Monica, California, just eighteen days before her husband Alphonzo.

Notes

References

External links

1932 births
2004 deaths
American film actresses
American female tennis players
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Tennis players from Pittsburgh
20th-century American actresses
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
American television actresses
Actresses from Pittsburgh
California Republicans
21st-century American women