alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Prince Gustav Channel

The Prince Gustav Channel was named in 1903 after Crown Prince Gustav of Sweden (later King Gustav V) by Otto Nordenskiöld of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition.

The channel is bounded on the west by the Antarctic Peninsula and on the east by James Ross Island. It is about  long and ranges from  wide.

On 27 February 1995, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) reported that an ice shelf formerly blocking the channel had disintegrated. This ice shelf had spanned approximately  prior to its disintegration.

In the area previously covered by the shelf, the channel's water depth is between . Between February and March 2000, scientists collected sediment cores 5 to 6 m in length from the ocean floor. Carbon dating of organic material found in the sediment layers suggested that for a period between 2,000 and 5,000 years ago, much of the channel was seasonally open water.  While icebergs were able to navigate the channel, ice rafted debris was deposited within the sediment.

Prince Gustav Ice Shelf retreated in the mid-Holocene period 5000 to 2000 years before present, [this] "corresponds to regional climate warming deduced from other paleoenvironmental records."

It appears that before and after this period, the channel remained closed. The period when the channel was open coincides with a period of local warming supported by data gathered from land-based studies of lake sediments and ancient, abandoned penguin rookeries. With the return of colder conditions about 1900 years ago, the Prince Gustav Ice Shelf reformed until its recent retreat and collapse.

Ice shelves are sensitive indicators of regional climatic change, therefore recent warming in the vicinity of the Prince Gustav Channel is exceptional for at least the past 1900 years.

San Nicolás Refuge 
San Nicolás Refuge   () is an Argentine Antarctic refuge located on the north coast of the entrance to the Prince Gustav Channel, on the Trinity Peninsula, at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. The refuge is administered by the Argentine Army and was inaugurated on 12 September 1963.

It is one of the 18 shelters that are under the responsibility of the Esperanza Base, which is responsible for the maintenance and the care. The Argentine Antarctic Program reports that the refuge is inactive.

See also
 List of Antarctic field camps

References

Channels of the Southern Ocean
Straits of Graham Land
Landforms of James Ross Island
Yuan Dehui

Yuan Dehui () was a Chinese imperial interpreter. He is best known for translating sections of Emerich de Vattel's Le droit des gens ("The Law of Nations").

A native of Sichuan, Yuan Dehui studied Latin at the Roman Catholic School in Penang. Later, he also studied at the Anglo-Chinese College (英华书院) in Malacca between 1823 and 1827, shortly after it was founded by Robert Morrison. For several years he worked as a translator for the Court of Tributary Affairs (理藩院), being sent in 1838 to collect books of Western learning in Guangzhou. In 1839 he became Lin Zexu's (林则徐) assistant in charge of foreign affairs.

Lin requested a translation of Le droit des gens from Peter Parker, an American medical missionary, perhaps at Yuan's suggestion. Finding Parker's translation difficult to understand, however, Lin sought the help of Yuan Dehui. The result was Wanguo lüli (万国律例), later published in Wei Yuan's Hai guo tu zhi (海國圖志: "Illustrated Treatise on Maritime Countries") in 1847. The Vattel passage Lin Zexu commissioned to be translated were confined to the issues of how nations go to war and impose embargoes, blockades, and other hostile measures. They were influential in determining Lin's anti-opium policy and in the lead up to the First Opium War.

Yuan Dehui also translated Lin Zexu's notice banning the import of opium, as well as a letter to Queen Victoria.

Alumni of Ying Wa College
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
George Alexander Stevens

George Alexander Stevens (1710 – 6 September 1780) was an English actor, playwright, poet, composer and songwriter. He was born in the parish of St. Andrews, in Holborn, a neighbourhood of London.  After spending many years as a travelling actor, he performed for the theatre in Covent Garden (now the Royal Opera House).

Stevens was most famous in his lifetime for his Lecture on Heads, a satirical "lecture" on heads and fashion, which parodied the popularity of physiognomy.  The lecture was first performed in 1764, and became an immediate success; he went on to perform it on tour throughout Great Britain, in Ireland, and in the American colonies at Boston and Philadelphia.

He was also known as popular songwriter, especially known for his bawdy drinking-songs and patriotic songs (such as Liberty-Hall and The Briton).  Many of both kinds were collected in his Songs, comic and satyrical (1788).

Stevens also authored several dramatic pieces for the stage, a novel entitled Tom Fool, and a satire, The Birthday of Folly.  He used the pen-name "A Lady", for part of The Female Inquisition.

He died in Baldock in Hertfordshire.

References

 Thomas Campbell (1819), Specimens of the British Poets, pp. 436–440. Available through Google Books Library Project.

External links
 
 
 G. A. Stevens at the University of Texas English Poetry Full-Text Database
George Alexander Stevens at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)
George Alexander Stevens. The celebrated lecture on heads, broadside, 1765 Sept. 12, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts

1710 births
1780 deaths
English male songwriters
Rowing at the 1992 Summer Olympics

At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, 14 events in rowing were contested, eight for men and six for women. The events were held at the Lake of Banyoles, situated some  north-east of Barcelona.

Medal table

Men's events

Women's events

See also
Rowers at the 1992 Summer Olympics

References

External links
Official Olympic Report, pp. 517–530

 
1992 Summer Olympics events
1992
Camel wrestling

Camel wrestling (Turkish deve güreşi) is a sport in which two male Tülü camels wrestle, typically in response to a female camel in heat being led before them. It is most common in the Aegean region of Turkey, but is also practiced in other parts of the Middle East and South Asia.

History
Camel fighting originated among ancient Turkic tribes over 1000 years ago. Camels also wrestle in the wild, so the practice occurred before it was first organized by nomads.  In the 1920s the Turkish National Aviation league held Camel fights as fundraisers in order to purchase planes for the Government of Turkey. The government of Turkey began discouraging the practice in the 1920s, however, characterizing it as too backwards of a practice. In the 1980s, the new government of Turkey began encouraging the competitions as part of Turkey's historic culture.

Event details
Due to the motivating factor of a nearby female camel, the events have historically been held during mating season. The camels fight by using their necks as leverage to force their opponent to fall down. A camel is declared the winner if his competitor falls to the ground or flees from the fight. Most fighting camels are bred in Iran or Afghanistan. A successful camel can be sold for over $20,000.

The events can occasionally be hazardous to spectators if the camels attempt to flee through the crowd. On some occasions fights also break out between the owners of camels.

There are roughly thirty annual festivals in Aegean Turkey each year from November to March. Roughly one hundred fighting camels take part in these events, with each camel competing in approximately ten matches. Events always occur on Sundays in football stadiums and typically last ten minutes each. At the end of the season there is often a tournament of champions in which the best camels compete. Many international tourists attend the events, making them a key part of the tourist industry in Western Anatolia.

Several animal rights organizations have criticized the practice, characterizing it as cruelty to animals.

See also
Alligator wrestling
Bull wrestling
Animals in professional wrestling

References

Animal combat sports
Animals in sport
Culture of Turkey
Entertainment events in Turkey
Camels
Wrestling
Animal combat organized by humans
Encapsulation (networking)

Encapsulation is the computer-networking process of concatenating layer-specific headers or trailers with a service data unit (i.e. a payload) for transmitting information over computer networks. Deencapsulation (or de-encapsulation) is the reverse computer-networking process for receiving information; it removes from the protocol data unit (PDU) a previously concatenated header or tailer that an underlying communications layer transmitted. 

Encapsulation and deencapsulation allow the design of modular communication protocols so to logically separate the function of each communications layer, and abstract the structure of the communicated information over the other communications layers. These two processes are common features of the computer-networking models and protocol suites, like in the OSI model and internet protocol suite. However, encapsulation/deencapsulation processes can also serve as malicious features like in the tunneling protocols.

The physical layer is responsible for physical transmission of the data, link encapsulation allows local area networking, IP provides global addressing of individual computers, and TCP selects the process or application (i.e., the TCP or UDP port) that specifies the service such as a Web or TFTP server.

For example, in the IP suite, the contents of a web page are encapsulated with an HTTP header, then by a TCP header, an IP header, and, finally, by a frame header and trailer.  The frame is forwarded to the destination node as a stream of bits, where it is decapsulated into the respective PDUs and interpreted at each layer by the receiving node.

The result of encapsulation is that each lower-layer provides a service to the layer or layers above it, while at the same time each layer communicates with its corresponding layer on the receiving node.  These are known as adjacent-layer interaction and same-layer interaction, respectively.

In discussions of encapsulation, the more abstract layer is often called the upper-layer protocol while the more specific layer is called the lower-layer protocol. Sometimes, however, the terms upper-layer protocols and lower-layer protocols are used to describe the layers above and below IP.

See also 
 Application-layer framing
 Cross-layer optimization
 Protocol data unit
 Tunneling protocol

References

External links 
RFC 1983: Internet Users' Glossary (contains an entry for encapsulation)

Network protocols
Data transmission
Packets (information technology)
221B Baker Street (disambiguation)

221B Baker Street is the fictional residence of Sherlock Holmes.

221B Baker Street may also refer to:

221B Baker Street (board game), a 1975 board game about Sherlock Holmes
221B Baker Street (video game), a 1987 computer video game about Sherlock Holmes
 "221B Baker Street", the first episode of the 2013 Russian TV series Sherlock Holmes

See also
Baker Street (disambiguation)
Night Prowler

Night Prowler or variation, may refer to:

"Night Prowler" (song), a 1979 AC/DC song off the album Highway to Hell
"Night Prowler" (2001 song), a hip hop song by Living Legends, off their album Almost Famous (Living Legends album)
Richard Ramirez (1960-2013) a serial killer nicknamed "The Night Prowler"
The Night Prowler: The Richard Ramirez Story, a true crime book about the serial killer
Night prowler (Dungeons & Dragons), a type of monster found in Dungeons & Dragons
Nightprowler, a 1995 heroic fantasy video game designed by Croc (game designer)
Nightprowler: Second Edition, a 2006 video game published by 2 Dés Sans Faces
NightProwler SA, an airsoft gun made by Crosman
Prowlers of the Night, a 1926 U.S. silent western film

See also

 
 
 
 
 
 
 Prowler (disambiguation)
 Night (disambiguation)
 Night Stalker (disambiguation)
 The Night the Prowler (film) 1978 Australian film
Chinatown, Adelaide

Chinatown in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, also called Adelaide Chinatown () or Moonta Street Chinatown, is located on Moonta Street, within the large Adelaide Central Markets precinct between Grote and Gouger streets in the Adelaide city centre. Two large Paifang, which were erected by the city council, are guarded by the Chinese guardian lions. They mark the entrances at either end. Adelaide Chinatown consists mainly of Chinese restaurants, grocery stores and markets but also consists of many non-Chinese Asian restaurants offering cuisines of Indian, Japanese, Korean, Malaysian, Nepali, Thai and Vietnamese origins.

History
The first dozen Chinese labourers arrived from Singapore in Adelaide in 1847 to work as indentured shepherds. Many Chinese people disembarked in the port towns of South Australia before travelling overland to the Victorian goldfields due to immigration restrictions in Victoria.
Chinatown in Adelaide began to grow in the 1970s and 1980s with the influx of Asian migrants particularly from Vietnam. Produce was sold at the Central Market by market gardeners and this began the growth of the Asian food shops and cafés in the area. Pagoda style roofs, red lanterns, restaurants and grocery stores are found on Moonta Street, which is the centre of Chinatown. Paifang, which is a type of traditional Chinese archway, are at the opposite entrances of Moonta street and are guarded by Chinese lion statues which were donated by the Adelaide city council and by the Chinese government.

Lunar New Year Celebrations
Chinatown Adelaide has hosted the official Lunar New Year Celebrations in Moonta Street since 2003. In 2013 the celebrations were expanded with the assistance of the Adelaide City Council and major sponsors to also include Gouger Street. Gouger street was closed to accommodate a street party with traditional performances, market stalls and a pop-up street restaurant.

Gallery

References

External links
Chinatown Adelaide Website

Asian-Australian culture in South Australia
Culture of Adelaide
Adelaide
Restaurant districts and streets in Australia
Tourist attractions in Adelaide
Live from the Atlantic Studios

Live from the Atlantic Studios is a live album by AC/DC released on the Bonfire box set. The album was recorded live at the Atlantic Recording Studios in New York, on 7 December 1977 and all tracks were remixed by George Young.  This was an official Radio Station/Promo release by Atlantic Records. It was initially released on LP in 1978, and later on CD (1986). AC/DC's performance was the first in a series of promotional concert-events for Atlantic Records acts.  Catalog # LAAS 001. The CD version was officially released to fans in 1997 as part of the Bonfire collection. Prior to that, this album was widely bootlegged among AC/DC fans.

This album is one of two live albums on Bonfire, the other being Let There Be Rock: The Movie – Live in Paris. Both albums are two of three live albums contained within an AC/DC rarity box set, the other being Live Rarities on Backtracks.

Track listing
All songs composed by Malcolm Young, Angus Young and Bon Scott.

Side one
 "Live Wire" – 6:20
 "Problem Child" – 4:44
 "High Voltage" – 6:01
 "Hell Ain't a Bad Place to Be" – 4:18
 "Dog Eat Dog" – 4:46

Side two
 "The Jack" – 8:41
 "Whole Lotta Rosie" – 5:15
 "Rocker" – 5:33

Personnel
 Bon Scott – lead vocals
 Angus Young – lead guitar
 Malcolm Young – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
 Cliff Williams – bass guitar, backing vocals
 Phil Rudd – drums
 Jimmy Douglas – recording engineer
 Tom Heid – assistant engineer

Notes

On the CD version of the album, it is stated in the booklet that the beginning of "Live Wire" and the end of "Rocker" were erased from the master tape sometime before 1997 and had to be replaced with short segments from the vinyl record. This task proved difficult because the album was only offered to radio stations in the United States. A slight edit can be heard in both songs where the vinyl source switches to the remastered tapes.

References

1997 live albums
AC/DC live albums
East West Records live albums
Eastern AAA Hockey League

The Eastern AAA Hockey League was a minor level ice hockey governing body.  The league was a sub-division of the Ontario Minor Hockey Association in the Canadian province of Ontario. The ETA playoffs are a best of 5 series. The final two teams advance to the OMHA Championships. It was established in 1990, before merging with the South-Central Triple A Hockey League in 2023.

Teams

External links
OMHA web site

2
Youth ice hockey leagues in Canada
Ubercode

Ubercode is a high level programming language designed by Ubercode Software and released in 2005 for Microsoft Windows. Ubercode is influenced by Eiffel and BASIC. It is proprietary software and can be tried out for free for 30 days. Ubercode has the following design goals:

 Compilable language—compiled into Windows EXE files.
 Automatic memory management—memory is allocated / freed automatically, and the language has no memory management primitives. 
 Pre and post conditions—these are run-time assertions which are attached to function declarations, as in Eiffel.
 High-level data types—resizable arrays, lists and tables may contain arbitrary components.
 Integrated file handling—primitives for transparent handling of text, binary, CSV, XML and dBase files.
 Ease of use—language structure is relatively simple, making the language accessible to beginners.

Hello, World! 
Here is the basic "Hello, World!" program:
  Ubercode 1 class Hello

  public function main()
  code
    call Msgbox("Hello", "Hello World!")
  end function

  end class

Preconditions and Postconditions 
Here is an example using pre- and postconditions. In the example, the IntToStr function validates its input as a string before converting it to an integer:
  Ubercode 1 class PrePost

  function IntToStr(in mystr:string[*] out value:integer)
  precond IsDigitStr(mystr)
  code
    call Val(mystr, value)
  end function

  public function main()
  code
    call Msgbox("OOP example", "IntToStr(10) = " + IntToStr("10"))
  end function

  end class

External links 
 
 http://isbndb.com/d/book/design_of_very_high_level_computer_languages.html (VHLL principles)

Object-oriented programming languages
List of curling clubs in Japan

This is a list of curling clubs in Japan:

Clubs

Hokkaido Island 
 Loco Solare/Tokoro CC (a.k.a. LS Kitami)
  (see also Hokkaido Bank)

Aomori Prefecture 
  (closed in 2013)

Akita Prefecture 
 Akita University Curling Team

Nagano Prefecture 
  (Nonprofit organization)
  (see also Chubu Electric Power)

Yamanashi Prefecture 
  (see also Fujikyu)

National organizations

Prefecture-level organizations

See also 
 List of curling clubs

References

External links 
Loco Solare (in Japanese)
Bank Fortius (in Japanese)
SC Karuizawa Club (in Japanese)
Chubu Electric Power CC (in Japanese)
Japan Curling Association (in Japanese)
Hokkaido Curling Association (in Japanese)
Aomori Curling Association (in Japanese)
Nagano Curling Association (in Japanese)
Yamanashi Curling Association (in Japanese)

 
Japan
Curling
Bryce

Bryce may refer to:

People
Bryce (given name)
Bryce (surname)

Places
Bryce Canyon National Park
Mount Bryce
Bryce, Utah
Bryce, Arizona

Other
Bryce (software)
Bryce Hospital

See also
Brice (disambiguation)
List of Studebaker vehicles

The following list consists of automotive models produced by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana from 1899 to 1963 and Studebaker Canada Ltd. from 1964 through the spring 1966. In 1961, many of these were offered with special Marshal (police) packages: a  6-cylinder City Marshal,  V8 Patrol Marshal, and  V8 Pursuit Marshal. There was also a heavy-duty four-door taxicab based on a stretched-wheelbase Cruiser.

Cars
1902-1912 Electric
1918-1919 Light Four
1918-1926 Big Six
1918-1921 Light Six
1918-1927 Special Six
1924-1927 Standard Six
1926-1942, 1955-1958 President
1927-1934, 1937-1958, 1963-1966 Commander
1927-1937 Dictator
1933-1942, 1947-1954 Land Cruiser
1939-1958 Champion
1947-1952 Starlight
1954-1955 Conestoga
1955 Speedster
1956-1964 Hawk series
1956 Flight Hawk
1956 Power Hawk
1956 Sky Hawk
1956-1958 Golden Hawk
1957-1959 Silver Hawk
1960-1961 Hawk
1962-1964 Studebaker Gran Turismo Hawk
1956-1958, 1960-1963 Transtar
1957 & 1958 Packard
1957-1958 Scotsman
1957 Packard Clipper
1958 Packard Hawk
1959-1966 Lark
1961-1966 Cruiser
1962-1963 Avanti
1962-1966 Daytona
1963-1966 Wagonaire

Trucks
1937 J-series
1937-1939 Coupe Express
1938-1940 K-series
1941-1942, 1945-1952 M-series
1941-1945 US6 (G630)
1942-1944 M29 Weasel
1949-1953 2R-series
1954 3R-series
1955-1964 E-series
1956-1958, 1960-1963 Transtar
1958-1959 Scotsman
1960-1964 Champ
1963 Zip Van

Concepts
1947 Champion Woody Wagon
1951 Manta Ray
1953 Z-87
1962 Skyview
1962 Turtle
1963 Sceptre
1963 Westinghouse Delivery
1964 GT Hawk
1964 Avanti R4

Other automotive brands owned by Studebaker

Clipper
E-M-F Automobiles
Erskine
Packard
Pierce-Arrow
Rockne
SPA Truck Company
Studebaker-Garford

Notes
List of places in Florida: B



See also
 Florida
 List of municipalities in Florida
 List of former municipalities in Florida
 List of counties in Florida
 List of census-designated places in Florida

References
USGS Fips55 database
List of places in Florida: C



See also
 Florida
 List of municipalities in Florida
 List of former municipalities in Florida
 List of counties in Florida
 List of census-designated places in Florida

References
USGS Fips55 database
Luna de Xelajú

Luna de Xelajú is a very popular Guatemalan waltz composed by Paco Pérez in 1944.

The title translates as "Moon of Xelajú". "Xelajú" (pronounced sheh-lah-HOO) is the Kʼicheʼ Maya name for the Guatemalan city Quetzaltenango, still often popularly called "Xelajú" or "Xela".

The song was written to Miss Eugenia Cohen, a beautiful Jewish lady who stole the writer's heart, but eventually left him because Eugenia's parents disapproved of the relationship.  She lives in Quetzaltenango and Guatemala City to this day.

All of the great marimba bands of Guatemala have played it to great success. Perhaps one of the most popular recent versions is as the first selection of the CD Valses inolvidables de Guatemala, with the Guatemalan Millennium Orchestra under the baton of Maestro Dieter Lehnhoff.

The song has been performed by several musical acts, including Guatemalan singer and Grammy Award nominee, Gaby Moreno. In 2023, she did a collaboration with actor Oscar Isaac, which was released first as a single, and later as a part of her album “X Mí (Vol. 1).”

Song lyrics
Although the song has lyrics, it is frequently performed instrumentally.

Popular culture
Luna de Xelajú became a cult favorite among Macintosh users in the mid-1990s with the release of a novelty application called "Jared, the Butcher of Song" written and published by Freeverse Software. In the app, an 8-bit rendering of a smiley face attempts to sing the song with light guitar accompaniment.

References

External links
 

Guatemalan music
Guatemalan culture
Spanish-language songs
South-Central Triple A Hockey League

The South Central Triple A Hockey League was a minor level ice hockey league based out of Ontario. The league was one of two (now amalgamated) AAA leagues associated with the Ontario Minor Hockey Association (OMHA) and had a total of 10 teams. The South Central Triple A League playoffs are played in tournament style. The top two teams advance to the OMHA Championships. In 2023, it was announced that both of the OMHA leagues would amalgamate into one forming the OMHA AAA Hockey League (OMHA AAA).

Teams

References

External links
SCTA website
OMHA website

3
Youth ice hockey leagues in Canada
BRET

BRET may refer to:

Background Radiation Equivalent Time
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer
Special Operations Forces Grouping (Argentina)

The Special Operations Forces Grouping (, AFOE) is a special operations unit of the Argentine Army.

Role

Created 6 December 2005 as the first operational element of the Argentine Army Project 2025.

The service is mainly composite of air assault, airborne, light infantry, reconnaissance and commando troops, and light helicopters; also artillery, engineers, air transport, and communications companies are constantly ready to assist and support the group. As of 2006 it consists of:

Special Operations Forces Group:

601 Commando Company (Spanish: Compañía de Comandos 601) is a special operations unit of the Argentine Army, created 5 January 1982.
602 Commando Company (Spanish: Compañía de Comandos 602) is a special operations unit of the Argentine Army, created 21 May 1982. They fought in the Falklands War.
601 Air Assault Regiment (Spanish: Regimiento de Asalto Aéreo 601) is a special operations unit of the Argentine Army, created in January 2003. The regiment is divided in three assault companies: A, B and C. Its motto is "Sapientia et Labore".

One of the objectives of the modernization process for the Argentine Army was to manage an enabled force that could move quickly to any crisis.

According to the Argentine Army website (translated):

The FDR will be organized, equipped and instructed with organic means of the Army to operate to requirement, in immediate form in any zone of the country, in order to provide to the high conduction of the Force an operational, efficient and fast instrument to act in situations that they require of the immediate use of the force.

The FDR must have a high capacity of preparation and reaction that allows him to be used in the designated place. It will be instructed in the execution of basic tactical operations and complementary, for which it is properly equipped. It could be displaced in organic means of transport of the Force Army. In addition, it will be able to execute commando operations and special forces of high complexity.

Two commando companies will depend on her in organic form, along with an aerial shock battalion, a battalion of assault helicopters, and a slight reconnaissance company.

See also
Argentine Army
Special Air Service

References
 Noticias de las Fuerzas Armadas at Saorbats.com.ar
 El Ejército organiza tropas para operaciones especiales, article on Nuevamayoria.com (archived)
 "Puesta en posesión del cargo", article on Ejército Argentino (archived)

Special forces of Argentina
Army units and formations of Argentina
Military units and formations established in 2005
2005 establishments in Argentina
Glienicke Palace

Glienicke Palace () is a historic palace located on the peninsula of Berlin-Wannsee in Germany. It was designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel around 1825 for Prince Carl of Prussia. Since 1990, Glienicke Palace and the park have been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin" because of their unique contribution to Prussian landscape architecture.

Location
The palace is situated near the Glienicke Bridge, on the Bundesstraße 1 across from the Glienicke Hunting Lodge. Around the palace is Park Glienicke.

History
The palace was designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel for Prince Carl of Prussia. The building, originally merely a cottage, was turned into a summer palace in the late Neoclassical style. Inside the palace were antique objets d'art which Prince Carl of Prussia brought back from his trips.

Particularly striking are two golden lion statues in front of the south frontage, which were also designed by Schinkel. The lions are versions of the "Medici lions" from the Villa Medici in Rome.

The palace is administered by the Stiftung Preußische Schlösser und Gärten Berlin-Brandenburg. The palace's park is now called the Volkspark Glienicke.

Gallery

See also
 List of castles in Berlin and Brandenburg
 Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin

References

External links

Glienicke Palace
Potsdam from Above – Schloss Glienicke

Palaces in Berlin
Royal residences in Berlin
Buildings and structures in Steglitz-Zehlendorf
World Heritage Sites in Germany
Museums in Berlin
Historic house museums in Germany
Prussian cultural sites
Ship chandler

A ship chandler is a retail dealer who specializes in providing supplies or equipment for ships.

Synopsis
For traditional sailing ships, items that could be found in a chandlery 
include sail-cloth, rosin, turpentine, tar, pitch, linseed oil, whale oil, tallow, lard, varnish, twine, rope and cordage, hemp, and oakum.  Tools (hatchet, axe, hammer, chisel, planes, lantern, nails, spike, boat hook, caulking iron, hand pump, and marlinspike) and items needed for cleaning such as brooms and mops might be available.  Galley supplies, leather goods, and paper might also appear.  In the age of sail ship chandlers could be found on remote islands, such as St. Helena, who were responsible for delivering water and fresh produce to stave off scurvy.

Today's chandlers deal more in goods typical for fuel-powered commercial ships (oil tanker, container ship, and bulk carrier) including maintenance supplies, cleaning compounds, and food stores for the crew.

A distinguishing feature of a ship chandler is the high level of service demanded and the short time required to fill and deliver orders.  Commercial ships discharge and turn around quickly, delay is expensive making the services of a dependable ship chandler in great demand.  Advantages, today and in the past, are that stores in unfamiliar ports do not need to be sought out (assuming the crew is allowed to leave by immigration authorities) and lines of credit make exchanging of currency a non-issue.  (Usually a ship owner would establish a line of credit with the chandler and then be billed for anything delivered to the crew.)  Chandlers also deliver the product, freeing up crew to work on repairs or, if allowed, take shore leave.

The ship chandlery business was central to the existence and the social and political dynamics of ports and their waterfront areas.  Ship chandlers are typically supplied by nearby merchants.

Gallery

References

Marine occupations
Maritime culture
Maritime history
Procurement
Ship management
Daniel Gousseau

Daniel Gousseau (died August 3, 1969), a French army private and later secretary-general of the French Cycling Union, is credited as having invented the sport of cyclo-cross.

Gousseau organized the first French National Cyclo-Cross Championships in sport.

References
Konrad, Gabe (1996). "Cyclocross: History & What You Should Know". Bicycle Trader Magazine. Retrieved March 4, 2006.

French male cyclists
1969 deaths
Cycle racing executives
Year of birth missing
Place of birth missing
Background radiation equivalent time

Background radiation equivalent time (BRET) or background equivalent radiation time (BERT) is a unit of measurement of ionizing radiation dosage amounting to one day worth of average human exposure to background radiation.

BRET units are used as a measure of low level radiation exposure. The health hazards of low doses of ionizing radiation are unknown and controversial, because the effects, mainly cancer and genetic damage, take many years to appear, and the incidence due to radiation exposure can't be statistically separated from the many other causes of these diseases. The purpose of the BRET measure is to allow a low level dose to be easily compared with a universal yardstick: the average dose of background radiation, mostly from natural sources, that every human unavoidably receives during daily life. Background radiation level is widely used in radiological health fields as a standard for setting exposure limits. Presumably, a dose of radiation which is equivalent to what a person would receive in a few days of ordinary life will not increase their rate of disease measurably.

Definition
The BRET is the creation of Professor J R Cameron. The BRET value corresponding to a dose of radiation is the number of days of average natural background dose it is equivalent to. It is calculated from the equivalent dose in sieverts by dividing by the average annual background radiation dose in Sv, and multiplying by 365:

The definition of the BRET unit is apparently unstandardized, and depends on what value is used for the average annual background radiation dose, which varies greatly across time and location. The 2000 UNSCEAR estimate for worldwide average natural background radiation dose is 2.4 mSv (240 mrem), with a range from 1 to 13 mSv. A small area in India as high as 30 mSv (3 rem). Using the 2.4 mSv value each BRET unit equals 6.6 μSv.

BRET values for diagnostic radiography procedures range from 2 BRET for a dental x-ray to around 400 for a barium enema study.

See also
 Background radiation
 Banana equivalent dose
 Flight-time equivalent dose
 Radiology

References

 Utah Division of Radiation Control: X-ray Dose Comparisons

Radioactivity
Background radiation
Equivalent units
ESPN Radio SportsCenter

ESPN Radio SportsCenter is a news recap segment on ESPN Radio that airs during talk programming and sometimes live games coverage, usually by separate anchors. There are two updates an hour, at the top of the hour and 30 minutes past.

Background 
ESPN Radio's marquee segment lasts between one minute and two and a half minutes (depending on time of day) and includes scores, stats, news and sound bites. During the updates, the SportsCenter theme music plays throughout. ESPN Radio SportsCenter is heard during marquee programs such as Mike and Mike in the Morning. It is also heard every twenty minutes during MLB and NBA broadcasts on ESPN Radio. It can also be heard on certain EA Sports games that include ESPN integration. The updates can be accessed on demand using the ESPN mobile app.

The morning ESPN Radio SportsCenter anchors were Bob Picozzi and Christine Lisi. As of August 30, 2010, Mike Greenberg anchored the updates during Mike and Mike leaving to do Get Up! on ESPN in 2018. Dan Davis, who is an ESPN Radio original broadcaster, controlled the midday updates, while Marc Kestecher and formerly Jon Stashower were there in the evening. The late night crew usually switched between Neil Jackson and Jay Reynolds. Most of the ESPN Radio SportsCenter anchors also have other assignments from ESPN; for instance, Bob Picozzi also did play-by-play for Big East basketball on ESPN and Fox.

Schedule

Monday-Friday

See also
List of ESPN Radio personalities

References
ESPN Radio

External links
ESPN Radio

SportsCenter
SportsCenter
SPA Truck Company

SPA Truck Company (S-P-A) was a manufacturer of trucks, which was owned and operated by Studebaker Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, Pierce-Arrow of Buffalo, New York. The name SPA was based on Studebaker, Pierce and Arrow. SPA manufactured trucks from 1929 to 1933.

While the Studebaker industrial fortune had been made by building Conestoga wagons, Studebaker had been late in entering the modern truck market, doing so in 1929. While Studebaker plants were running at near capacity, executives planned on using Pierce-Arrow's unused excess capacity to handle truck production demand.

Studebaker attempted to acquire White Motor Company in 1932, a known manufacturer of heavy duty trucks based in Cleveland, Ohio.  White backed out of the deal just before March 1933; Studebaker then sold Pierce Arrow to investors, which were forced into bankruptcy and liquidated the firm in 1938.

When Studebaker filed for receivership in March 1933, SPA was liquidated and Studebaker focused its attention on automobiles, producing a modest volume of trucks until the late 1930s.

External links
1932 Pierce Arrow Tanker

 SPA Truck
Defunct truck manufacturers of the United States
Ben Weese

Benjamin Horace (Ben) Weese (born 1929) in Evanston, Illinois is an American architect hailing from Chicago, and a member of the architects group, the Chicago Seven. Weese is the younger brother of Chicago architect Harry Weese.

He received BArch and MArch degrees from Harvard University, and a certificate from the École des Beaux-Arts in Fontainebleau, France. He returned to Chicago in 1957 into his older brother's firm, Harry Weese Associates, which specialized in urban renewal and subsidized housing projects. In the late 1970s, he was a member of the Chicago Seven, a group which emerged in opposition to the doctrinal application of modernism, as represented particularly in Chicago by the followers of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

In 1977, Weese opened his own firm, Weese Seegers Hickey Weese, with his wife. This turned out to be an award-winning firm, later becoming Weese Langley Weese, and is known for non-profit and educational projects with an emphasis on historical appreciation and preservation. Ben is suffering from dementia currently and is confined in an assisting living facility.

See also
Chicago Seven (architects)

References 
 "Biography of Ben Weese" - Art Institute of Chicago

External links 
 Oral history interview with Ben Weese -Oral history of Benjamin Horace Weese / interviewed by Annemarie van Roessel, compiled under the auspices of the Chicago Architects Oral History Project, the Ernest R. Graham Study Center for Architectural Drawings, Department of Architecture, the Art Institute of Chicago.

1929 births
Living people
Artists from Evanston, Illinois
Architects from Chicago
Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni
List of rail trails in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania Rail Trails are former railway lines that have been converted to paths designed for pedestrian, bicycle, skating, equestrian, or light motorized traffic. Rail trails are multi-use paths offering, at a minimum, a combination of pedestrian and cycle recreation.

Trails beginning from A to E
A
Allegheny Portage Railroad Trail
Allegheny Valley River Trail
Arboretum Trail
Armstrong Trail
Arrowhead Trail, Washington County
B 
Back Mountain Trail
Beaver River Trail
Bellefonte Central Rail Trail
Bristol Spurline Park Trail
Buffalo Valley Rail Trail
Butler-Freeport Community Trail
C 
Chester Valley Trail
Clarion Highlands Trail
Clarion - Little Toby Creek Trail
Clearfield to Grampian Trail
Conestoga Greenway Trail
Conewago Recreation Trail
Corry Junction Greenway Trail
Cumberland County Biker/Hiker Trail
Cumberland Valley Rail Trail
Cynwyd Heritage Trail
D 
D&H Trail
D&L Trail
Dimeling to Madera Trail
E 
East Branch Trail
Endless Mountain Riding Trail
Ernst Bike Trail

Trails beginning from F to M
F
Five Star Trail
Forks Township Recreational Trail
G 
Ghost Town Trail
Great Allegheny Passage
Greene River Trail
H 
Harmony Trail
Hike & Bike Trail
Hoodlebug Trail
Hoover-Mason Trestle
Houtzdale Line Trail
Huntingdon and Broad Top Trail
I 
Indian Creek Valley Trail
Ironton Rail-trail
J 
James Mayer Riverwalk
JFK Walking Trail
John B. Bartram Trail
K 
Kellettville To Nebraska Trail
Knox & Kane Rail Trail
L 
Lancaster Junction Trail
Lebanon Valley Rail Trail
Lehigh & New England Trail
Lehigh Gorge Trail
LeTort Spring Run Nature Trail
Liberty Bell Trail
Lower Trail
Luzerne County Rail Trail
Lycoming Creek Bikeway
M 
Mahoning Shadow Trail
Montour Trail

Trails beginning from N to Z
N 
Nor-Bath Trail
O 
O&W Rail Trail
Ohio River Trail
P 
Palmer Bikeway
Panhandle Trail
Penns Creek Path
Pennypack Trail
Perkiomen Trail
Phoenix Iron Canal Trail
Pine Creek Rail Trail
Plainfield Township Trail
R 
Radnor Trail
Railroad Grade Trail
Roaring Run Trail
Rotary Walk Trail
S 
Samuel Justus Recreational Trail
Sandy Creek Trail
{{Saucon Valley Rail Trail]] https://www.lowersaucontownship.org/srt.html
Schuylkill River Trail
Sewickley Creek Trail
Snow Shoe Trail
Stavich Bike Trail
Stony Valley Railroad Grade
Struble Trail
Susquehanna Warrior Trail
Switchback Railroad Trail
T 
Tidioute Riverside Rec Trek Trail
Towpath Bike Trail
Tredway Trail
Trolley Trail
W 
Warren to North Warren Bike Trail
Warwick-to-Ephrata Rail Trail
West Penn Trail
Westmoreland Heritage Trail
Wynn & Clara Tredway River Park
Y 
York County Heritage Rail Trail

References

External links
PA DCNR trail page
RailsToTrails.us Pennsylvania rail trails

Rail trails in Pennsylvania
2005–06 Premiership Rugby

The 2005–06 Guinness Premiership was the 19th season of the top flight of the English domestic rugby union competitions, played between September 2005 and May 2006. The final was contested by the Sale Sharks and the Leicester Tigers at Twickenham. Sale Sharks won 45–20 to win the Premiership. Leeds Tykes were relegated, whilst Harlequins were promoted for the 2006-07 Guinness Premiership.

As per a tradition started in the previous year, two of the opening games of the season (round 1) were played at Twickenham, in the 2005 London Double Header.

Participating teams 

Notes

Table

Results

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3

Round 4

Round 5

Round 6

Round 7

Round 8

Round 9

Round 10

Round 11

Round 12

Round 13

Round 14

Round 15

Round 16

Round 17

Round 18

Round 19

Round 20

Rearranged fixture

Round 21

Round 22

Play-offs

Semi-finals

Final

Sky Sports Dream Team 2005/06
15 Matt Burke (Newcastle Falcons)
14 Tom Varndell (Leicester Tigers)
13 Mathew Tait (Newcastle Falcons)
12 Mike Catt (London Irish)
11 Tom Voyce (London Wasps)
10 Carlos Spencer (Northampton Saints)
9 Justin Marshall (Leeds Tykes)
1 Tony Windo (Worcester Warriors)
2 Mark Regan (Bristol)
3 Cobus Visagie (Saracens)
4 Danny Grewcock (Bath Rugby)
5 Ben Kay (Leicester Tigers)
6 Matt Salter (captain, Bristol)
7 Magnus Lund (Sale Sharks)
8 Juan Manuel Leguizamón (London Irish)

Total Season Attendances

Top scorers
Note: Flags to the left of player names indicate national team as has been defined under World Rugby eligibility rules, or primary nationality for players who did not earn international senior caps. Players may hold one or more non-WR nationalities.

Most points
Source:

Most tries
Source:

References

External links
 Official site

 
2005-06
 
England
Audubon Swamp Garden

Audubon Swamp Garden is a  cypress and tupelo swamp on the grounds of Magnolia Plantation near Charleston, South Carolina, United States. At one time, the swamp served as a reservoir for the plantation's rice cultivation. The swamp garden includes native flora and non-native, exotic plantings and is home to herons, ibis, turtles, otters, alligators, and other wildlife. 

The swamp garden is named for ornithologist and artist John James Audubon, who visited the plantation before the Civil War and is said to have collected waterfowl specimens there as models for his paintings. Director Wes Craven made use of the site while filming the 1982 horror film Swamp Thing. The site also served as inspiration for Shrek's swamp.

References

Landmarks in South Carolina
Swamps of South Carolina
Gardens in South Carolina
Tourist attractions in Charleston, South Carolina
Michael J. Bragman

Michael Jon Bragman (August 11, 1940 – October 13, 2023) was an American politician from New York. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the New York State Assembly from 1981 to 2001, and was the assembly's majority leader from 1993 to 2000. He left politics after unsuccessfully attempting to remove then-Speaker of the Assembly Sheldon Silver from his post in 2000.

Background
Michael Jon Bragman was born on August 11, 1940, in Syracuse, New York. He graduated from Syracuse University in 1963, and worked as a schoolteacher.

Career
Bragman entered politics as a Democrat, and was elected to the Cicero Town Council in 1965, and to the Onondaga County Legislature in 1969. He was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1981 to 2001, sitting in the 184th, 185th, 186th, 187th, 188th, 189th, 190th, 191st, 192nd, 193rd and 194th New York State Legislatures. During his first term, he was indicted on charges stemming from his time in the county legislature; he was accused of seeking $1.6 million in bribe money from a company selling an incineration plant, though he was acquitted. 

The New York Times said that Bragman "exerted a profound influence in the Assembly. He was credited with successfully sponsoring more than 300 bills and pumping some $200 million in pork-barrel funding for local projects in his Central New York State district, which was centered in Syracuse". A centrist Democrat, he served as Majority Leader from 1993 to 2000, when he lost his position after leading an attempted coup against Speaker Sheldon Silver. The move came amid criticism from some Democrats in the assembly that Silver's leadership style was too aloof. However, Bragman's attempt failed: after he announced his intent to overthrow Silver, the speaker demoted two high-ranking legislators who openly supported Bragman and made clear he would punish others who voted against him. In the floor vote on May 23, 2000, Silver prevailed by a vote of 85 to 63. 

Bragman's political career was destroyed by his efforts to overthrow Silver. He lost his leadership position and resigned his seat in December 2001, where he was succeeded by Republican William E. Sanford in a special election.

Personal life and death
In 1986, Bragman married Suzanne Collier, and they had three children. He died in Syracuse on October 13, 2023, at the age of 83.

Notes

1940 births
2023 deaths
20th-century American educators
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
County legislators in New York (state)
Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly
New York (state) city council members
People from Cicero, New York
Politicians from Syracuse, New York
Schoolteachers from New York (state)
Syracuse University alumni
Graveface Records

Graveface Records is an American independent record label from Savannah, Georgia, solely owned and operated by Ryan Graveface (who plays in the groups Black Moth Super Rainbow, Dreamend, the Marshmallow Ghosts and the Casket Girls). He has released recordings by Beachy Head, Serengeti, Dosh, The Appleseed Cast, Haley Bonar, Xiu Xiu, Monster Movie, Dreamend, Jakob, Jason Molina, Mount Eerie, The Loose Salute, the Lava Children, Night School, Black Moth Super Rainbow, The Seven Fields of Aphelion, and Whirr.

See also
 List of record labels

References

External links
Official website

American independent record labels
Indie rock record labels
4:99

4:99 is the fifth studio album by German hip hop group Die Fantastischen Vier. It reached number one in the German as well as the Austrian and Swiss charts.

As seen before on the album Live und direkt, the CD contains a multimedia part with some gimmicks like the music video to "MfG".

Track listing
 "Und täglich grüßen Fanta Vier/Romantic Fighters" – 1:23
 "30 Mark" – 0:42
 "MfG – Mit freundlichen Grüßen" – 3:35
 "Hammer" – 4:59
 "Die Stadt, die es nicht gibt" – 4:29
 "00:29" – 0:29
 "Alles schon gesehen" – 4:25
 "Michi Beck in Hell" – 5:12
 "Home Again" – 0:44
 "Le Smou" – 4:38
 "Weiter als du denkst" – 5:22
 "Millionen Legionen" – 5:38
 "Schmock" – 4:16
 "FunkYms20" – 1:45
 "Hoffnung" – 5:05
 "Buenos Días Messias" – 4:31
 "Gute Nacht" – 0:58

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Singles

References

External links
 Official website (in German)
 discography at Discogs

1999 albums
Die Fantastischen Vier albums