alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Absorption

Absorption may refer to:

Chemistry and biology
Absorption (biology), digestion
Absorption (small intestine)
Absorption (chemistry), diffusion of particles of gas or liquid into liquid or solid materials
Absorption (skin), a route by which substances enter the body through the skin
Absorption (pharmacology), absorption of drugs into the body

Physics and chemical engineering
Absorption (acoustics), absorption of sound waves by a material
Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), absorption of light or other electromagnetic radiation by a material
Absorption air conditioning, a type of solar air conditioning
Absorption refrigerator, a refrigerator that runs on surplus heat rather than electricity
Dielectric absorption, the inability of a charged capacitor to completely discharge when briefly discharged

Mathematics and economics
Absorption (economics), the total demand of an economy for goods and services both from within and without
Absorption (logic), one of the rules of inference
Absorption costing, or total absorption costing, a method for appraising or valuing a firm's total inventory by including all the manufacturing costs incurred to produce those goods
Absorbing element, in mathematics, an element that does not change when it is combined in a binary operation with some other element
Absorption law, in mathematics, an identity linking a pair of binary operations

See also

Adsorption, the formation of a gas or liquid film on a solid surface
CO2 scrubber, device which absorbs carbon dioxide from circulated gas
Digestion, the uptake of substances by the gastrointestinal tract
Absorption (psychology), a state of becoming absorbed by mental imagery or fantasy
Flow (psychology), a state of total mental "absorption"
Angula

Angula may refer to:

 Aṅgula, a measure equal to a finger's breadth
 Eel, a biological order of fish
 Nahas Angula, former Prime Minister of Namibia
 Helmut Angula

See also
Angul (disambiguation)
ASP

ASP may refer to:

Combat
 ASP pistol
 ASP, Inc., law enforcement weapon manufacturer
 A type of extending baton
 Ammunition Supply Point, military storage facility for live ammunition and explosives

Computing
 Active Server Pages, a web-scripting interface by Microsoft
 ASP.NET, a web-application framework by Microsoft
 Advanced Simple Profile, an MPEG-4 video codec profile
 Answer set programming, a declarative programming paradigm
 Application service provider, to customers over a network
 AppleTalk Session Protocol
 Association of Software Professionals
 Attached Support Processor, IBM hardware system
 Auxiliary storage pool, a feature of the IBM operating system

Education
 American School of Paris
 Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts, Kraków, Poland

Electronics
 Audio Signal Processor, large-scale digital signal processor
 Anti-skip protection or electronic skip protection in CD playback
 Angle-sensitive pixel, a light sensor

Entertainment
 ASP (band), a German gothic metal band
 ASP (Japanese group), Japanese idol girl group
 Adult service provider (disambiguation)
 Apparent Sensory Perception, a thought recording and reproduction device in William Gibson's fiction

Medicine and biology
 Aspartic acid, α-amino acid used in the biosynthesis of proteins
 Acylation stimulating protein
 American Society for Photobiology
 Amnesic shellfish poisoning
 Complement component 3, a protein in the complement system
 Antimicrobial stewardship, effort to educate and persuade prescribers of antimicrobials to follow evidence-based prescribing
 American Society of Primatologists

Politics
 Act of the Scottish Parliament
 American Solidarity Party, a Christian Democratic political party in the United States
 Australian Sex Party
 Afro-Shirazi Party, political party in Tanzania
 Assembly for the Sovereignty of the Peoples, a political party in Bolivia
 Assembly of States Parties, the legislative body of the International Criminal Court

Other uses
 Airborne Surveillance Platform, Indian defence project
 Albany Student Press, newspaper of the University at Albany, The State University of New York
 Alice Springs Airport (IATA airport code)
 Allegany State Park
 Appalachia Service Project, for housing improvement
 Arkansas State Police
 Asociación de Scouts del Perú
 Aspatria railway station, UK, National Rail code
 Assault system pod or A.S.P., for the G.I. Joe doll
 Association of Surfing Professionals, former name of World Surf League
 Assistant superintendent of police
 Astronomical Society of the Pacific
 Authorized service provider
 Avenal State Prison in California, USA
 Average selling price of goods

See also
 ASPS (disambiguation)
 Asp (disambiguation)
ASL (disambiguation)

ASL is a common initialism for American Sign Language, the sign language of the United States and Canada (not be confused with Auslan, also called ASL or Asilulu language which has the ISO code ASL), and may also refer to:

Culture

Sport 
 American Soccer League (disambiguation)
 Australia's Surfing Life, surf magazine
 African Super League, a future CAF club competition 
 Axpo Super League, former name of the Swiss Super League

Other uses 
 A Static Lullaby, American post-hardcore band
 Advanced Squad Leader, a tactical board wargame
 A shorted version of the following slang terms:
 age/sex/location, internet slang
 As hell, slang popular amongst members of Generation Z
 Average shot length, in film editing
 AfreecaTV StarCraft League, a video game tournament series

Science and technology

Aviation
 Aeronautical Syndicate Ltd, British aeroplane manufacturer.
 Air Serbia, ICAO airline code
 ASL Airlines Ireland, cargo airline

Biology and medicine 
 American Society of Lymphology, former name of the Lymphology Association of North America
 Argininosuccinate lyase, an enzyme
 Arterial spin labelling, a perfusion MRI technique

Computing 
 ACPI Source Language, for ACPI tables
 Adobe Source Libraries, open-source GUI software libraries
 Advanced Simulation Library, open-source hardware-accelerated multiphysics simulation software
 AMPL Solver Library, an open-source automatic differentiation library
 Apache Software License, an open-source license for software
 Application Services Library, a process model for the maintenance of software applications
 Arithmetic shift left, an operation implementing an arithmetic shift

Other uses 
 Above sea level, an altitude measurement
 Association for Symbolic Logic, of specialists in mathematical logic and philosophical logic
 Automated side loader, type of garbage collection truck
Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory, a research institution formerly under the U.S. Army Materiel Command

Society

Education 
 The American School in London
 Appalachian School of Law, Grundy, Virginia
 Art Students' League of Philadelphia

Other uses 
 Anti-Saloon League, an organization of temperance movements that lobbied for prohibition in the United States.
Advanced stop line, a road marking at junctions
 Artists' Suffrage League, UK
 Autobacs Sportscar Laboratory, of Autobacs Seven, Japan
 Ansar al-Sharia in Libya, a Salafist Islamist militia group
 Animelo Summer Live, a Japanese music festival
Atomic semantics

Atomic semantics is a type of guarantee provided by a data register shared by several processors in a parallel machine or in a network of computers working together.
Atomic semantics are very strong. An atomic register provides strong guarantees even when there is concurrency and failures.

A read/write register R stores a value and is accessed by two basic operations: read and write(v). A read  returns the value stored in R and write(v) changes the value stored in R to v.
A register is called atomic if it satisfies the two following properties:

1) Each invocation op of a read or write operation:

•Must appear as if it were executed at a single point τ(op) in time.

•τ (op) works as follow:
τb(op) ≤ τ (op) ≤ τe(op): where τb(op) and τe(op) indicate the time when the operation op begins and ends.

•If op1 ≠ op2, then τ (op1)≠τ (op2)

2) Each read operation returns the value written by the last write operation before the read, in the sequence where all operations are ordered by their τ values.

Atomic/Linearizable register:

Termination: when a node is correct, sooner or later each read and write operation will complete.

Safety Property (Linearization points for read and write and failed operations):

Read operation:It appears as if happened at all nodes at some times between the invocation and response time.

Write operation: Similar to read operation, it appears as if happened at all nodes at some times between the invocation and response time.

Failed operation(The atomic term comes from this notion):It appears as if it is completed at every single node or it never happened at any node.

Example : We know that an atomic register is one that is linearizable to a sequential safe register.

The following picture shows where we should put the linearization point for each operation:

 
An atomic register could be defined for a variable with a single writer but multi- readers (SWMR), single-writer/single-reader (SWSR), or multi-writer/multi-reader (MWMR). Here is an example of a multi-reader multi-writer atomic register which is accessed by three processes (P1, P2, P3). Note that R. read() → v means that the corresponding read operation returns v, which is the value of the register. Therefore, the following execution of the register R could satisfies the definition of the atomic registers:
R.write(1), R.read()→1, R.write(3), R.write(2), R.read()→2, R.read()→2.

See also
Regular semantics
Safe semantics

References
 Atomic semantics are defined formally in Lamport's "On Interprocess Communication" Distributed Computing 1, 2 (1986), 77-101. (Also appeared as SRC Research Report 8).

Concurrency control
Ambient

Ambient or Ambiance or Ambience may refer to:

Arts and entertainment
 Ambiancé, an unreleased experimental film
 Ambient (novel), a novel by Jack Womack

Music and sound
 Ambience (sound recording), also known as atmospheres or backgrounds
 Ambient music, a genre of music that puts an emphasis on tone and atmosphere
 Ambient (album), by Moby
 Ambience (album), by the Lambrettas
 Virgin Ambient series, a series of 24 albums released on the UK Virgin Records label between 1993 and 1997
Ambient 1–4, a set of four albums by Brian Eno, released by Obscure Records between 1978 and 1982
 Stingray Ambiance, the channel "Ambiance" on the Singray music service

Other
 Ambient (computation), a process calculus
 Ambient (desktop environment), a MUI-based desktop environment for MorphOS
 Mark Ambient (1860–1937), pen name of Harold Harley, English dramatist
 , a cruise ship
 Ambient Technologies, semiconductor company specialising in modem ICs, spun off from Cirrus Logic in 1999 and purchased by Intel in 2000

See also

 Ambient lighting (disambiguation)
August Horch

August Horch (12 October 1868 – 3 February 1951) was a German engineer and automobile pioneer, the founder of the manufacturing giant which would eventually become Audi.

Beginnings

Horch was born in Winningen, Rhenish Prussia.  His initial trade was as a blacksmith, and then was educated at  (Mittweida Technical College).  After receiving a degree in engineering, he worked in shipbuilding.  Horch worked for Karl Benz from 1896, before founding A. Horch & Co. in November 1899, in Ehrenfeld, Cologne, Germany.

Manufacturing

The first Horch automobile was built in 1901. The company moved to Reichenbach in 1902 and Zwickau in 1904. Horch left the company in 1909 after a dispute, and set up in competition in Zwickau.  His new firm was initially called Horch Automobil-Werke GmbH, but following a legal dispute over the Horch name, he decided to make another automobile company. (The court decided that Horch was a registered trademark on behalf of August's former partners and August was not entitled to use it any more). Consequently, Horch named his new company Audi Automobilwerke GmbH in 1910, Audi being the Latinization of Horch.

Post Audi
Horch left Audi in 1920 and went to Berlin and took various jobs.  He published his autobiography, I Built Cars () in 1937.  He also served on the board of Auto Union, the successor to Audi Automobilwerke GmbH he founded. Horch remained an honorary executive at Auto Union during and after its reincorporation in Ingolstadt, Bavaria in the late 1940s until his death in 1951, ultimately not living to see the later resurrection of his Audi brand a decade later under the ownership of Volkswagen.

He was an honorary citizen of Zwickau and had a street named for his Audi cars in both Zwickau and his birthplace Winningen.  He was made an honorary professor at Braunschweig University of Technology. An August Horchstrasse (August Horch Street) also exists at Audi's main manufacturing plant in Ingolstadt.

References

External links
 

1868 births
1951 deaths
People from Mayen-Koblenz
People from the Rhine Province
Audi people
German automotive pioneers
German industrialists
Auto Union
Engineers from Rhineland-Palatinate
Horch
German founders of automobile manufacturers
Aliphatic compound

In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated (in which all the C-C bonds are single requiring the structure to be completed, or 'saturated', by hydrogen) like hexane, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds, whether straight or branched, and which contain no rings of any type, are always aliphatic. Cyclic compounds can be aliphatic if they are not aromatic.

Structure 

Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (alkanes), or unsaturated, with double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes). If other elements (heteroatoms) are bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine, it is no longer a hydrocarbon, and therefore no longer an aliphatic compound. However, such compounds may still be referred to as aliphatic if the hydrocarbon portion of the molecule is aliphatic, e.g. aliphatic amines, to differentiate them from aromatic amines.

The least complex aliphatic compound is methane (CH4).

Properties 

Most aliphatic compounds are flammable, allowing the use of hydrocarbons as fuel, such as methane in natural gas for stoves or heating; butane in torches and lighters; various aliphatic (as well as aromatic) hydrocarbons in liquid transportation fuels like petrol/gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel; and other uses such as ethyne (acetylene) in welding.

Examples of aliphatic compounds 
The most important aliphatic compounds are:

 n-, iso- and cyclo-alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons)
 n-, iso- and cyclo-alkenes and -alkynes (unsaturated hydrocarbons).

Important examples of low-molecular aliphatic compounds can be found in the list below (sorted by the number of carbon-atoms):

References

Organic compounds
Abyssinia (disambiguation)

Abyssinia is a historical name for the Ethiopian Empire.

Abyssinia may also refer to:

Arts and media 
Abyssinia, a theatrical show by Bert Williams
 Abyssinia (musical), a show first staged in 1987
 Abyssinia (1906 musical), 1906 Broadway musical by Will Marion Cook, Bert Williams, Jesse A. Shipp, and Alex Rogers
 "Abyssinia", a song by the Patti Smith Group on Radio Ethiopia
Abyssinia, a 2003 novel by Ursula Dubosarsky
 "Abyssinia, Henry", an episode of the television series M*A*S*H

Languages
Abyssinian languages, family of languages spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Sudan

People
Abyssinian peoples, ethnic or pan-ethnic identifier used to refer to Ethiopians and Eritreans

Places 
 Abyssinia Lines, a neighbourhood of Jamshed Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
 Apostolic Vicariate of Abyssinia, the former Eastern Catholic missionary

Vessels 
 HMS Abyssinia (1870), a British armoured ship
 SS Abyssinia, an 1870 Canadian Pacific steamship

Other uses 
 Abyssinia (battle honour)
 Abyssinia Creek, The Pilbara, Western Australia

See also 
 
 Abyssinian (disambiguation)
 Habash (disambiguation)
 Habishi (disambiguation)
 History of Ethiopia
Arene (disambiguation)

An Arene, or aromatic hydrocarbon, is a hydrocarbon with alternating double and single bonds between carbon atoms forming rings.

Arene may also refer to:

 Arene (gastropod), a genus of marine snails in the family Areneidae
 Arene (mythology), the wife of Aphareus and mother of Idas and Lynceus in Greek mythology
 Arene, Elis, an ancient town in Elis, Greece, also known as Samiko
 Jean Arènes (1898–1960), French botanist who described many new species of the genus Dombeya
 Paul Arène (1843–1896), Provençal poet and French writer

See also
 Arena (disambiguation)
Arthur Wellesley

Arthur Wellesley may refer to:

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1769–1852), Anglo-Irish soldier and British prime minister
Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington (1807–1884), British soldier and nobleman
Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington (1849–1934), British soldier and nobleman
Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington (1876–1941), British soldier and nobleman
Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Douro (born 1978), grandson of the 8th Duke
Arthur Wellesley Hughes (1870–1950), also known as Arthur Wellesley, Canadian musician and composer
Arthur Wellesley, 4th Earl Cowley (1890–1962), British actor and nobleman

See also
 Arthur (disambiguation)
 Wellesley (disambiguation)
 Duke of Wellington (disambiguation)
Lists of animated television series

These are lists of animated television series. Animated television series are television programs produced by means of animation. Animated series produced for theaters are not included in this lists; for those, see List of animated short film series. These lists include compilation series of theatrical shorts such as The Bugs Bunny Show since they often feature some new wrap-around animation.

Lists by decade
List of animated television series of the 1940s and 1950s
List of animated television series of the 1960s
List of animated television series of the 1970s
List of animated television series of the 1980s
List of animated television series of the 1990s
List of animated television series of the 2000s
List of animated television series of the 2010s
List of animated television series of the 2020s

Other lists
List of animated television series created for syndication
List of animated television series by episode count
List of children's animated television series
List of adult animated television series
List of American prime time animated television series
List of anime series by episode count
List of anime franchises by episode count
List of American animated television series
List of Canadian animated television series
List of Chinese animated television series
List of French animated television series
List of Indian animated television series
List of Korean animated series
List of Pakistani animated television series
List of South African animated television series
List of Flash animated television series
List of animated series with LGBTQ characters

External links
 日本のテレビアニメ作品一覧 - Lists of Japanese animated television series on Japanese Wikipedia
 Don Markstein's Toonopedia – Very large index page
 The Big Cartoon Database
 80sCartoons – Nostalgia for those who grew up in the 1980s in the West
 Anime sorted by release date, JP Works DB

 
Lists of television series by genre
ABCD

ABCD is a list of the first four letters in the English alphabet.  It may also refer to:

Film 
 ABCD (film), a 2005 Indian Tamil-language romance film
 ABCD: American Born Confused Desi (disambiguation), various Indian films so titled
 ABCD: Any Body Can Dance, a 2013 Indian Hindi-language dance-drama film by Remo D'Souza
 ABCD 2, its 2015 sequel film by D'Souza

Medicine

 ABC (medicine), also known as ABCD, a mnemonic for steps in resuscitation
 ABCD rating, a staging system for prostate cancer
 ABCD syndrome, a genetic disorder
 ABCD1, a protein
 ABCD2 score, a score for determining the risk of stroke after a transient ischemic attack

Science
 ABCD Schema, a highly structured data exchange and access model for taxon occurrence data (specimens, observations, etc. of living organisms)
 ABCD matrix analysis, a type of ray tracing technique used in the design of some optical systems
 ABCD-parameters, a type of properties describing the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks

Other uses
ABCd, American streaming service
 Action for Boston Community Development, a Boston, Massachusetts-based non-profit social services agency
 Asset-based community development, a methodology that seeks to uncover and highlight the strengths within communities
 Association of Better Computer Dealers, former name of CompTIA, an American non-profit trade association
 ABCD Region, an industrial district outside of São Paulo, Brazil
 American-Born Confused Desi, informal term for South Asian Americans born or raised in the United States
 ABCD: add, browse, change, delete, another representation of create, read, update and delete
 ABCD line, a Japanese term for embargoes placed against Japan by the Americans, British, Chinese and Dutch, as well as other countries
 ABCD ships, the first four steel ships built during the "New Navy" period of U.S. Naval history - USS Atlanta, Boston, Chicago and Dolphin
 Four major agriculture commodity companies
 Archer-Daniels-Midland
 Bunge
 Cargill
 Louis Dreyfus
Anglo-Saxon (disambiguation)

Anglo-Saxons were Germanic tribes that settled in Britain and founded England.

Anglo-Saxon may also refer to:

 Anglo-Saxon (anthropology) or Nordic race, outdated racial concept
 Anglo-Saxon England, the history of Anglo-Saxons
 Anglo-Saxon model, modern macroeconomic term
 Anglo-Saxon world, modern societies based on or influenced by English customs
 Old English or Anglo-Saxon, the earliest historical form of the English language
 , one of several ships
 White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, sociological term in the U.S.
 Anglo-Saxons (slur), a derogatory term for English-speaking countries used in Russian propaganda
 CSS Anglo-Saxon, a Confederate warship

See also
 
 Anglo (disambiguation), a prefix
 Saxon (disambiguation)
Antipope Victor IV

Two antipopes used the regnal name Victor IV:

 Antipope Victor IV (1138)
 Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164) (1095–1164)
Alfonso Leng

Alfonso Leng Haygus (11 February 1884 – 11 November 1974) was a post-romantic composer of classical music. He was born in Santiago, Chile. He wrote the first important symphonic work in Chilean tradition, "La Muerte de Alcino", a symphonic poem inspired by the novel of Pedro Prado. He composed many art songs in different languages and important piano pieces, like the five "Doloras" (1914), which he later orchestrated and are normally played in concerts in Chile and Latin America. He won the National Art Prize in 1957.

Leng was also an accomplished dentist in Santiago.  As a dentist, he was the main founder of the dentistry faculty of the University of Chile, and he was eventually elected as the first dean.

Leng was the nephew of composer Carmela Mackenna.

References

1884 births
1974 deaths
Chilean classical composers
Chilean male composers
Chilean dentists
Musicians from Santiago
Academic staff of the University of Chile
Chilean people of Chinese descent
20th-century Chilean musicians
20th-century classical composers
20th-century male musicians
Male classical composers
20th-century dentists
20th-century Chilean male artists
ACN

ACN may refer to:
 Accenture, professional services company, listed on the NYSE as ACN
 Achang language, a Tibeto-Burman language of China
 Achnasheen railway station, UK, National Rail code
 Acineta, a genus of orchid
 ACN Inc., multi-level marketing company providing telecommunications and other services
 Action Congress of Nigeria, political party of Nigeria
 Africa Cup of Nations, biennial football tournament
 Hockey Africa Cup of Nations, biennial field hockey tournament
Men's Hockey Africa Cup of Nations
Women's Hockey Africa Cup of Nations
 Agencia Carabobeña de Noticias, news agency, Valencia, Venezuela
 Agència Catalana de Notícies, news agency, Barcelona, Spain
 Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale, Italian cybersecurity agency, Rome, Italy
 Aid to the Church in Need, Catholic charity in Königstein im Taunus, Germany
 Aircraft Classification Number, pavement load of an aircraft
 Algebraic chess notation, the standard notation for recording chess games
 American Collectibles Network, former name for Jewelry Television, US
 Andean Community of Nations, free trade area
 Anglican Communion Network, network of Anglican and Episcopalian dioceses and parishes
 ante Christum natum, seldom-used Latin equivalent of BC
 Architecture for Control Networks, network protocol for theatrical control
 Atlantis Cable News, fictional news channel on The Newsroom (American TV series)
 Australian Company Number, unique identifier for companies registered in Australia
 Ciudad Acuña International Airport, an airport in Ciudad Acuña, Mexico

Chemistry 
 Acetonitrile, CH3CN
 Acrylonitrile, CH2CHCN
Antipope Felix II

Antipope Felix, an archdeacon of Rome, was installed as Pope in 355 AD after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Liberius, for refusing to subscribe to a sentence of condemnation against Saint Athanasius.

Biography
In May 357 AD the Roman laity, which had remained faithful to Liberius, demanded that Constantius, who was on a visit to Rome, should recall Liberius. The Emperor planned to have Felix and Liberius rule jointly, but when Liberius returned Felix was forced to retire to Porto, near Rome, where, after making an unsuccessful attempt to establish himself again in Rome, he died on 22 November 365 AD.

This Felix was later confused with a Roman martyr named Felix, with the result that he was included in lists of the Popes as Felix II and that the succeeding Popes of the same name (Pope Felix III and Pope Felix IV) were given wrong numerals, as was Antipope Felix V.

The Catholic Encyclopedia (1909) called this confusion a "distortion of the true facts" and suggested that it arose because the "Liber Pontificalis", which at this point may be registering a reliable tradition, says that this Felix built a church on the Via Aurelia, which is where the Roman martyr of an earlier date was buried. However, a more recent source says that of the martyr Felix nothing is known except his name, that he was a martyr, and that he was buried in the cemetery on the Via Portuensis that bears his name.

The Catholic Encyclopedia remarked that "the real story of the antipope was lost and he obtained in local Roman history the status of a saint and a confessor. As such he appears in the Roman Martyrology on 29 July." At that time (1909) the Roman Martyrology had the following text:  This entry was based on what the Catholic Encyclopedia called later legends that confound the relative positions of Felix and Liberius. More recent editions of the Roman Martyrology have instead: 

The feast day of the Roman martyr Felix is 29 July. The antipope Felix died, as stated above, on a 22 November, and his death was not a martyr's, occurring when the Peace of Constantine had been in force for half a century.

As well as the Roman Martyrology, the Roman Missal identified the Saint Felix of 29 July with the antipope. This identification, still found in the 1920 typical edition, does not appear in the 1962 typical edition. To judge by the Marietti printing of 1952, which omits the numeral "II" and the word "Papae", the correction had already been made by then. One Catholic writer excuses this by saying that the antipope "himself did refuse to accept Arianism, and so his feast has been kept in the past on [29 July]".

See also
 Papal selection before 1059

References

External links
The Papal Schism between Liberius and Felix (a primary source)
Catholic Encyclopedia: Felix II
Encyclopædia Britannica: Felix (II)
1911 Encyclopædia Britannica: Felix II

Felix II
Felix II
4th-century antipopes
4th-century Christian clergy
Felix II
Ancient Christians involved in controversies
Felix II
Date of birth unknown
Date of death unknown
Place of birth unknown
Place of death unknown
ALF Tales

ALF Tales is a 30-minute Saturday morning animated series that aired on NBC from September 10, 1988, to December 9, 1989. The show is a spin-off of ALF: The Animated Series which featured characters from that series playing various characters from fairy tales. The fairy tale parody was usually altered for comedic effect in a manner akin to Jay Ward's "Fractured Fairy Tales".

The episodes were performed in the style of a resident theater company or ensemble cast where Gordon and Rhonda would take the leading male and female roles, and the other characters were cast according to their characteristics.

Many stories spoof a film genre, such as the "Cinderella" episode which is presented like an Elvis Presley film. Some episodes featured a "fourth wall" effect where Gordon is backstage preparing for the episode, and Rob Cowan would appear drawn as a TV executive (who introduced himself as "Roger Cowan, network executive") who tries to brief Gordon on how to improve this episode. For instance Cowan once told Gordon who was readying for a medieval themed episode that "less than 2% of our audience lives in the Dark Ages".

Cast
Paul Fusco – ALF (Gordon Shumway)/Rick Fusterman
Tabitha St. Germain (as Paulina Gillis) – Augie/Rhonda
Peggy Mahon – Flo
Thick Wilson – Larson Petty/Bob
Dan Hennessey – Sloop
Rob Cowan – Skip
Ellen-Ray Hennessy – Stella the Waitress
Noam Zylberman – Curtis (1988)
Michael Fantini – Curtis (1989)

Episodes

Season 1 (1988–89)

Season 2 (1989)

Home media
The first seven episodes were released on DVD on May 30, 2006, in Region 1 from Lionsgate Home Entertainment in a single-disc release entitled ALF and The Beanstalk and Other Classic Fairy Tales.

See also
List of animated spinoffs from prime time shows

References

External links
 

ALF (TV series)
1980s American animated television series
1980s American comic science fiction television series
1988 American television series debuts
1989 American television series endings
American animated television spin-offs
American children's animated comic science fiction television series
Animated television series about extraterrestrial life
English-language television shows
NBC original programming
Television series by DIC Entertainment
Television series by Lorimar Television
Television series by Saban Entertainment
Television series created by Paul Fusco
Television series created by Tom Patchett
Television shows based on fairy tales
Television series by Lorimar-Telepictures
Auger effect

The Auger effect (; ) or Auger−Meitner effect is a physical phenomenon in which the filling of an inner-shell vacancy of an atom is accompanied by the emission of an electron from the same atom. When a core electron is removed, leaving a vacancy, an electron from a higher energy level may fall into the vacancy, resulting in a release of energy. For light atoms (Z<12), this energy is most often transferred to a valence electron which is subsequently ejected from the atom. This second ejected electron is called an Auger electron. For heavier atomic nuclei, the release of the energy in the form of an emitted photon becomes gradually more probable.

Effect
Upon ejection, the kinetic energy of the Auger electron corresponds to the difference between the energy of the initial electronic transition into the vacancy and the ionization energy for the electron shell from which the Auger electron was ejected. These energy levels depend on the type of atom and the chemical environment in which the atom was located.

Auger electron spectroscopy involves the emission of Auger electrons by bombarding a sample with either X-rays or energetic electrons and measures the intensity of Auger electrons that result as a function of the Auger electron energy. The resulting spectra can be used to determine the identity of the emitting atoms and some information about their environment.

Auger recombination is a similar Auger effect which occurs in semiconductors. An electron and electron hole (electron-hole pair) can recombine giving up their energy to an electron in the conduction band, increasing its energy. The reverse effect is known as impact ionization.

The Auger effect can impact biological molecules such as DNA. Following the K-shell ionization of the component atoms of DNA, Auger electrons are ejected leading to damage of its sugar-phosphate backbone.

Discovery
The Auger emission process was observed and published in 1922 by Lise Meitner, an Austrian-Swedish physicist, as a side effect in her competitive search for the nuclear beta electrons with the British physicist Charles Drummond Ellis.

The French physicist Pierre Victor Auger independently discovered it in 1923 upon analysis of a Wilson cloud chamber experiment and it became the central part of his PhD work. High-energy X-rays were applied to ionize gas particles and observe photoelectric electrons. The observation of electron tracks that were independent of the frequency of the incident photon suggested a mechanism for electron ionization that was caused from an internal conversion of energy from a radiationless transition. Further investigation, and theoretical work using elementary quantum mechanics and transition rate/transition probability calculations, showed that the effect was a radiationless effect more than an internal conversion effect.

See also
Auger therapy
Charge carrier generation and recombination
Characteristic X-ray
Coster–Kronig transition
Electron capture
Radiative Auger effect

References

Atomic physics
Foundational quantum physics
Electron spectroscopy
Albrecht Achilles

Albrecht Achilles may refer to:
Albrecht III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg (1414–1486)
Albrecht Achilles (Korvettenkapitän) (1914–1943), U-boat commander
Audio

Audio most commonly refers to sound, as it is transmitted in signal form. It may also refer to:

Sound
Audio signal, an electrical representation of sound
Audio frequency, a frequency in the audio spectrum
Digital audio, representation of sound in a form processed and/or stored by computers or digital electronics
Audio, audible content (media) in audio production and publishing
Semantic audio, extraction of symbols or meaning from audio
Stereophonic audio, method of sound reproduction that creates an illusion of multi-directional audible perspective
Audio equipment

Entertainment
AUDIO (group), an American R&B band of 5 brothers formerly known as TNT Boyz and as B5
Audio (album), an album by the Blue Man Group
Audio (magazine), a magazine published from 1947 to 2000
Audio (musician), British drum and bass artist
"Audio" (song), a song by LSD

Computing
, an HTML element, see HTML5 audio

See also
Acoustic (disambiguation)
Audible (disambiguation)
Audiobook
Radio broadcasting
Sound recording and reproduction
Sound reinforcement
AW

A&W, AW, Aw, aW or aw may refer to:

Companies 
 A&W Restaurants
 A&W Root Beer
A&W (Canada)
 Addison-Wesley, publishers
 Africa World Airlines, IATA code
 Prefix for helicopters made by AgustaWestland
 Allied Waste Industries, Inc, stock symbol on NYSE
 Armstrong Whitworth, a British manufacturing company

Media and entertainment 
 Accel World, a Japanese light novel series
 Active Worlds, a 3D virtual reality platform
 Another World (TV series), an American soap opera
 Aviation Week, magazine
 Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare, an action video game

People
 A. H. Weiler (1908 – 2002), The New York Times film critic whose early reviews were signed with his initials A. W.
 A. W. (poet), anonymous 16th century poet
 Abraham Washington (A. W.), American professional wrestler and wrestling commentator
 Alan Walker (born 1997), English-Norwegian music producer and DJ
 Aw (father), honorific title in the Harari and Somali languages
 Aw (surname), a Cantonese surname
 John-Allison Weiss, an American singer-songwriter formerly known as A. W.
 Andy Warhol, a leading figure in the pop art movement.

Places
 Ahrweiler (district), Germany, vehicle registration code
 Aruba (ISO 3166-1 2-letter country code AW)

Science and technology
 .aw, the internet top level domain country code for Aruba
 Airwatt, a unit of the effectiveness of vacuum cleaners
 Aw, categorization for tropical savanna climate in the Köppen classification system
 AW, in German email subject line, equivalent to Re:
 aw, or attowatt, an SI unit of power
 aw, or water activity, the relative availability of water in a substance

Other uses
 Agencja Wywiadu, the Polish foreign intelligence service
 Ahnapee and Western Railway, A&W
 Arctic Warfare, a sniper rifle
 Aviation Warfare Systems Operator, a rating in the United States Navy
 Aw, a digraph in Latin-script
 AW, US Navy hull classification symbol for "distilling ship"

See also
 Av
Appomattox

Appomattox, shorthand for the surrender of Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant in the American Civil War, may refer to:

Battle of Appomattox Court House, a battle of the American Civil War that was a culmination of the Appomattox Campaign and resulted in the surrender of Robert E. Lee
Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, a National Historical Park in Virginia at the site of the surrender

Appomattox may also refer to:
Appomattox County, Virginia, in the United States
Appomattox, Virginia, a town and the seat of that county
Appomattox Court House (disambiguation), several courthouses in Appomattox, Virginia
Appomattox River, a tributary of the James River in Virginia
 Appomattox Basin, a name for the Tri-Cities, Virginia region
Appomattox Manor, a manor in City Point, Hopewell, Virginia
Battle of Appomattox Station, a battle of the American Civil War in Appomattox, Virginia, a day before the Battle of Appomattox Court House
SS Appomattox, a large American wooden steamship operated mainly on the Great Lakes
SS Appomattox (1893), a British steamship of the early 20th century
Appomattox (opera), a 2007 opera in based on the American Civil War, composed by Philip Glass
Appomattox (statue), a bronze Confederate soldier memorial in Alexandria, Virginia

See also 

Appomattoc (people)
Aba

Aba may refer to:

Animals 
 Aba roundleaf bat
 Gymnarchus (or aba), an electric fish

People

Clans 
 Aba (family), in Hungary
 Aba people, in Russia

In arts and entertainment 
 Aba Bayefsky, Canadian artist and teacher
 Aba Cercato, Italian television presenter
 Vilmos Aba-Novák, a Hungarian painter

Rulers 
 Aba, ruler of Olba
 Samuel Aba, 11th-century Hungarian king

Other people 
 Aba I, patriarch of the Church of the East from 540 to 552
 Aba II, patriarch of the Church of the East from 741 to 751
 Aba Andam, Ghanaian physicist
 Johnny Aba (born 1956), a Papua New Guinean boxer

Places

Africa 

 Aba, Nigeria
 Aba River (Nigeria)
 Aba Island, on Sudan's White Nile river
 Aba, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Asia 
 Aba (Russia), a river
 Aba, Okayama, Japan
 Aba Prefecture, Sichuan, China
 Aba County
 Aba, Sichuan
 Upu (also transliterated Aba), a historic region around Damascus

Europe 
 Aba, Hungary

Religion and mythology 
 Aba (mythology), Hellenic Thracian naiad nymph
 Anglican Province of Aba, Nigeria
 Roman Catholic Diocese of Aba, Nigeria

Other uses 
 Aba (Dune), a robe in the fictional Dune universe
 Aba (film), a 2008 Sri Lanka film 
 Aba Women's War, period of unrest in colonial Nigeria
 A short form of Abaya, a middle eastern robe

See also 
 
 Abaá, a Fang longhouse
 Abba (disambiguation)
 Abas (disambiguation)
 Ab (Semitic), "father" in Semitic languages
 ABA (disambiguation)
ATM

ATM or atm often refers to:

 Atmosphere (unit) or atm, a unit of atmospheric pressure
 Automated teller machine, a cash dispenser or cash machine

ATM or atm may also refer to:

Computing 
 ATM (computer), a ZX Spectrum clone developed in Moscow in 1991
 Adobe Type Manager, a computer program for managing fonts
 Accelerated Turing machine, or Zeno machine, a model of computation used in theoretical computer science
 Alternating Turing machine, a model of computation used in theoretical computer science
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode, a telecommunications protocol used in networking
 ATM adaptation layer
 ATM Adaptation Layer 5

Media 
 Amateur Telescope Making, a series of books by Albert Graham Ingalls
 ATM (2012 film), an American film
 ATM: Er Rak Error, a 2012 Thai film
 Azhagiya Tamil Magan, a 2007 Indian film
 "ATM" (song), a 2018 song by J. Cole from KOD

People and organizations 
 Abiding Truth Ministries, anti-LGBT organization in Springfield, Massachusetts, US
 Association of Teachers of Mathematics, UK 
 Acrylic Tank Manufacturing, US aquarium manufacturer, televised in Tanked
 ATM FA, a football club in Malaysia
 A. T. M. Wilson (1906–1978), British psychiatrist
African Transformation Movement, South African political party founded in 2018
The a2 Milk Company (NZX ticker symbol ATM)

Science 
 Apollo Telescope Mount, a solar observatory
 ATM serine/threonine kinase, a serine/threonine kinase activated by DNA damage
 The Airborne Topographic Mapper, a laser altimeter among the instruments used by NASA's Operation IceBridge

Transportation 
 Active traffic management, a motorway scheme on the M42 in England
 Air traffic management, a concept in aviation
 Altamira Airport, in Brazil (IATA code ATM)
 Azienda Trasporti Milanesi, the municipal public transport company of Milan
 Airlines of Tasmania (ICAO code ATM)

Catalonia, Spain 
 Autoritat del Transport Metropolità (ATM Àrea de Barcelona), in the Barcelona metropolitan area
 Autoritat Territorial de la Mobilitat del Camp de Tarragona (ATM Camp de Tarragona), in the Camp de Tarragona area
 Autoritat Territorial de la Mobilitat de l'Àrea de Girona (ATM Àrea de Girona), in the Girona area
 Autoritat Territorial de la Mobilitat de l'Àrea de Lleida (ATM Àrea de Lleida), in the Lleida area

Other uses 
 Actun Tunichil Muknal, a cave in Belize
 Anti-tank missile, a missile designed to destroy tanks
 Ass to mouth, a sexual act
 At the money, moneyness where the strike price is the same as the current spot price
 At-the-market offering, a type of follow-on offering of stock
 Automatenmarken, a variable value stamp
Contracted form of Atlético Madrid, football club in Spain
Common abbreviation in SMS language for "at the moment"
Anus

The anus (: anuses or ani; from Latin, 'ring' or 'circle') is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, the residual semi-solid waste that remains after food digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, includes: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts.

Amphibians, reptiles, and birds use the same orifice (known as the cloaca) for excreting liquid and solid wastes, for copulation and egg-laying. Monotreme mammals also have a cloaca, which is thought to be a feature inherited from the earliest amniotes via the therapsids. Marsupials have a single orifice for excreting both solids and liquids and, in females, a separate vagina for reproduction. Female placental mammals have completely separate orifices for defecation, urination, and reproduction; males have one opening for defecation and another for both urination and reproduction, although the channels flowing to that orifice are almost completely separate.

The development of the anus was an important stage in the evolution of multicellular animals. It appears to have happened at least twice, following different paths in protostomes and deuterostomes. This accompanied or facilitated other important evolutionary developments: the bilaterian body plan, the coelom, and metamerism, in which the body was built of repeated "modules" which could later specialize, such as the heads of most arthropods, which are composed of fused, specialized segments.

In comb jellies there are species with one and sometimes two permanent anuses, species like the warty comb jelly grows an anus which then disappear when it's no longer needed.

Development

In animals at least as complex as an earthworm, the embryo forms a dent on one side, the blastopore, which deepens to become the archenteron, the first phase in the growth of the gut. In deuterostomes, the original dent becomes the anus while the gut eventually tunnels through to make another opening, which forms the mouth. The protostomes were so named because it was thought that in their embryos the dent formed the mouth first (proto– meaning "first") and the anus was formed later at the opening made by the other end of the gut. Research from 2001 shows the edges of the dent close up in the middles of protosomes, leaving openings at the ends which become the mouths and anuses.

See also

References

External links 
 

 
Digestive system
Appendix

Appendix (: appendices) may refer to:


In documents
 Addendum, an addition made to a document by its author after its initial printing or publication
 Bibliography, a systematic list of books and other works
 Index (publishing), a list of words or phrases with pointers to where related material can be found in a document

Anatomy
 Appendix (anatomy), a part of the human digestive system

Arts and media
 Appendix (band), a Finnish punk rock group
 The Appendix, a quarterly journal of history and culture
Articolo 31

Articolo 31 is a band from Milan, Italy, formed in 1990 by J-Ax and DJ Jad, combining hip hop, funk, pop and traditional Italian musical forms. They are one of the most popular Italian hip hop groups.

Band history
Articolo 31 were formed by rapper J-Ax (real name Alessandro Aleotti) and DJ Jad (Vito Luca Perrini).
In the spoken intro of the album Strade di Città ("City Streets"), it is stated that the band is named after the article of the Irish constitution guaranteeing freedom of the press, although article 31 of the Irish constitution is not about the freedom of the press. They probably meant the Section 31 of the Broadcasting Authority Act.

Articolo 31 released one of the first Italian hip hop records, Strade di città, in 1993. Soon, they signed with BMG Ricordi and started to mix rap with pop music – a move that earned them great commercial success but that alienated the underground hip hop scene, who perceived them as traitors.
In 1997, DJ Gruff dissed Articolo 31 in a track titled 1 vs 2 on the first album of the beatmaker Fritz da Cat,  starting a feud that would go on for years. 

In 2001, Articolo 31 collaborated with the American old school rapper Kurtis Blow on the album XChé SI!. In the same year, they made the film Senza filtro (in English, "Without filter"). Their producer was Franco Godi, who also produced the music for the Signor Rossi animated series.

Their 2002 album Domani smetto represented a further departure from hip hop, increasingly relying on the formula of rapping over pop music samples. Several of their songs rotate around the theme of soft drugs legalization in Italy (pointing strongly in favour).

Following their 2003 album "Italiano medio", the band took a break. Both J-Ax and DJ Jad have been involved with solo projects. In 2006, the group declared an indefinite hiatus.

Their posse, Spaghetti Funk, includes other popular performers like Space One and pop rappers Gemelli DiVersi.

On 4 December 2022, it was officially announced Articolo 31 participation in the Sanremo Music Festival 2023. "Un bel viaggio" was later announced as their entry for the Sanremo Music Festival 2023.

Band members
J-Ax - vocals
DJ Jad - turntables

Discography

References

Italian hip hop groups
Musical groups from Milan
Hip hop groups from Milan
Italian rappers
Italian rap rock groups