Heinrich Schwarz

Heinrich Schwarze (14 June 1906 – 20 March 1947) was an SS-Hauptsturmführer (captain) and concentration camp officer who served as commandant of Auschwitz III-Monowitz in Nazi-occupied Poland and Natzweiler-Struthof in Alsace-Lorraine.

Early life
Schwarze was born in Munich on 14 June 1906 and originally worked as a book printer. He joined both the Nazi Party and the Schutzstaffel (SS) in November 1931. Following the outbreak of World War II, Schwarze served with the Waffen-SS on the Western Front until October 1940, when he was transferred to the SS-Concentration Camps Inspectorate. He was stationed at both the Mauthausen and Sachsenhausen concentration camps during 1940-1941.

Auschwitz concentration camp
In September 1941 Schwarze was transferred to Poland and posted to the administrative office of the Auschwitz concentration camp. His initial duties included working as adjutant to the camp's commandant, Rudolf Höß. Schwarze also served as director of the camp's Work Assignment Department (Abt. IIIa) and held the position of Lagerführer (camp leader) for Auschwitz's central administration area. 

In November 1943, Höß was appointed assistant director of Office Group D for the SS Economic and Administrative Main Office in Berlin. Following his departure, the Auschwitz camp system was reorganized by the high command of the SS and divided into three semi-autonomous administrative units: Auschwitz I, Auschwitz II-Birkenau and the Auschwitz III-Monowitz labour camp. Under this new arrangement Schwarze was given command of Auschwitz III-Monowitz in December 1943.

Central to the role Schwarze played as commandant was the provision of slave-labourers to the nearby Buna Werke, a synthetic rubber factory owned by the German chemical company IG Farben. Other German corporations, such as Siemens and Krupp, also received slave labour from Monowitz. The brutal working conditions which prevailed at Monowitz during the period Schwarze served as commandant resulted in a large number of deaths among the inmate population, with estimates ranging between 10,000 and 35,000 prisoners who were believed to have died in the labour camp itself or in the gas chambers located at neighbouring Auschwitz-Birkenau.

Following the evacuation of Auschwitz complex on 18 January 1945, Schwarze was initially slated to take over command of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp and the associated V-weapons production facility of Mittelwerk, but was passed over for this post in favour of Richard Baer. Instead, Schwarze was appointed commandant of the concentration camp of Natzweiler-Struthof, serving there until the end of the war.

War crimes trial
After the German defeat, Schwarze was tried and convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity by French occupation authorities in Rastatt; in connection with  atrocities committed during his brief tenure as commandant of Natzweiler-Struthof. He was sentenced to death and subsequently shot by a firing squad near Baden-Baden on 20 March 1947.

References

1906 births
1947 deaths
Executed German mass murderers
Executed Nazi concentration camp commandants
Executed people from Bavaria
Holocaust perpetrators in Austria
Holocaust perpetrators in France
Holocaust perpetrators in Germany
Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
Auschwitz concentration camp personnel
Mauthausen concentration camp personnel
Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp personnel
Sachsenhausen concentration camp personnel
Military personnel from Munich
Nazis executed by France by firing squad
People executed by the French Fourth Republic
People executed for crimes against humanity
People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
SS-Hauptsturmführer
Waffen-SS personnel