alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Maryland Route 299

Maryland Route 299 (MD 299) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs  from MD 313 and MD 330 at Massey in eastern Kent County north to U.S. Route 301 (US 301) near Warwick in far southern Cecil County. MD 299 was constructed from Massey to Sassafras around 1930 and from there to MD 282 in Warwick in the early 1930s. The highway between US 301 and MD 282 was transferred to county control in 1958.

Route description

MD 299 begins at a four-way intersection with MD 313 and MD 330 at the hamlet of Massey in eastern Kent County. MD 313 heads northbound to the west and southbound as Galena Road, and MD 330 heads eastbound as Maryland Line Road. MD 299 heads northbound as two-lane undivided Massey Road and immediately has a grade crossing of the Chestertown Branch of the Northern Line of the Maryland and Delaware Railroad just west of the junction of the Centreville and Chestertown branches of the Northern Line. The highway crosses Jacobs Creek before an intersection with the northern terminus of MD 290 (Galena Sassafras Road). MD 299 continues northeast as Galena Sassafras Road, which passes the historic home Rich Hill and crosses Herring Branch into the village of Sassafras. At the north end of the village, the highway crosses the Sassafras River into Cecil County, where the name of the highway changes to Massey Sassafras Road. MD 299 reaches its northern terminus at US 301 (Blue Star Memorial Highway). Sassafras Road continues northeast toward an intersection with MD 282 in the village of Warwick.

History
MD 299 was paved as a concrete road from Massey to Sassafras in two sections in 1929 and 1930. The highway from Sassafras to MD 282 in Warwick was completed as a concrete road in 1933. The portion of MD 299 north of US 301 was transferred from state to county maintenance through a May 8, 1958, road transfer agreement. The highway was widened and resurfaced with bituminous concrete in 1976. MD 299 previously connected to DE 299 when it continued to Warwick.

Junction list

Auxiliary route
MD 299A is the unsigned designation for Massey Road Spur, which runs  from MD 299 north to MD 290 in Sassafras, Kent County. The route was designated in 2012.

See also

References

External links

MDRoads: MD 299
MD 299 at AARoads.com

299
Maryland Route 299
Maryland Route 299
Rudnichny

Rudnichny (masculine), Rudnichnaya (feminine), or Rudnichnoye (neuter) may refer to:
Rudnichny City District, name of several city districts in Russia
Rudnichny, Russia (Rudnichnaya, Rudnichnoye), name of several inhabited localities in Russia
Rudnichny, Kazakhstan
Rudnichnoye, a lake in Kazakhstan
Gaudeamus Foundation

The Gaudeamus Foundation and Contemporary Music Center organizes and promotes contemporary musical activities and concerts in the Netherlands and abroad. It focuses on supporting the career development of young composers and musicians, particularly Dutch, through its library facilities, contacts with international organizations, and its own activities. Gaudeamus was founded at Bilthoven, the Netherlands, in 1945 by Walter A. F. Maas, a Jewish immigrant from Mainz. It was originally headquartered in the Huize Gaudeamus, a villa built in the shape of a grand piano by the composer Julius Röntgen, also an immigrant from Germany but two generations older. Although in 2008 the Gaudeamus Foundation was incorporated into the Muziek Centrum Nederland, as from 2011 it continues to operate independently.

Activities
Gaudeamus International Composers Award, focuses on music by young composers and includes composers' competition.
International Gaudeamus Interpreters Competition, for performers of contemporary music.
Concerts and festivals
Library and documentation center for contemporary music
Gaudeamus Information, newsletter
Co-producer of the Output Festival, edition 2007

See also
 Donemus

References
Anon. 2001. "Gaudeamus Foundation". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.

Further reading
 Peters, Peter. 1996. Eeuwige jeugd. Een halve eeuw Stichting Gaudeamus. Amsterdam: Donemus.

External links 
Muziek Centrum Nederland
European Conference of Promoters of New Music (ECPNM)

 
Music organisations based in the Netherlands
1945 establishments in the Netherlands
Contemporary classical music festivals
Organizations established in 1945
Bohemia River

The Bohemia River is a  tributary of the Elk River on the Delmarva Peninsula. It is located in Cecil County, Maryland, with its headwaters extending into New Castle County, Delaware.

The Bohemia River begins east of Hacks Point, Maryland, where its two major tributaries, Great Bohemia Creek and Little Bohemia Creek, come together, and ends at the Elk River in a wide mouth between Town Point and Ford Landing. Great Bohemia Creek and its tributary, Sandy Branch rise near Middletown, Delaware and Little Bohemia Creek rises near Warwick, Maryland. They flow through the level coastal plain, quickly reaching sea level.

Several small creeks are on the northern shore, including Pooles Creek and Manor Creek. On the southern shore small creeks include Morgan Creek and Scotchman Creek.

The Bohemia River was once known as the Oppoquimimi River, as Native Americans knew it. The river was renamed by Augustine Herman after Bohemia, the country of his birth.

Location
The entry point for the Bohemia River into the Elk River is located at , while the point at which the Bohemia River branches into the Great and Little Bohemia Creeks is located at .

References

 Bohemia River Association https://web.archive.org/web/20091211175701/http://www.bohemiariver.org/
 United States Geological Survey. 7.5 minute series topographic quadrangles
 
 General Highway Map of Cecil County, Maryland, 2005.  Prepared in collaboration between Maryland State and United States Federal governments.  http://www.sha.state.md.us/SHAServices/mapsBrochures/maps/OPPE/HISD_MAPS/83FTco07.PDF .

Tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay
Rivers of Maryland
Czech-American culture in Maryland
Rivers of Cecil County, Maryland
Pulse Ultra

Pulse Ultra was a four-piece rock band from Montreal, Quebec. They were active from 1997 to 2004, releasing a major label debut album through Atlantic Records in 2002.

History

Early years (1997–2000)
Pulse Ultra was initially formed as Head Space in 1997 by guitarist Dominic Cifarelli and bassist Jeff Feldman. Drummer Maxx Zinno was added that same year. During the time, as Head Space, they had the vocalist Claudio Dongarra. Two years after Dongarra left the band, vocalist Zo Vizza, was added to the band and they made the name change to Pulse Ultra. Regarding the name, Cifarelli said "Everything right now is so fast-paced. Everything is ultra this, ultra that — ultra soft tissue to wipe your ass, and ultra light cigarettes to give you ultra cancer. Then pulse stands for being human, for life. So Pulse Ultra — it's like life amped up and taken to the next level."

Pulse Ultra's break came in 2000 when the band met Taproot, with Cifarelli later passing on one of their demos to the band. Taproot guitarist Mike DeWolf, through their management team Velvet Hammer, later got the band signed with Atlantic Records.

Major label debut and breakup (2001–2004)
After a year of songwriting, the band issued their debut album Headspace on July 16, 2002. The band would appear on the Ozzfest tour that year in support of the album's release. Subsequently, the album failed to push the band into the mainstream. In early 2004 the band went back to L.A. to work on the follow-up to "Headspace". A few months into pre-production, Atlantic Records merged with AOL Time Warner. This resulted in Pulse Ultra being dropped due to minimal record sales.

At some point during mid-2004, tensions grew between the band and Zo. Which soon after would lead Pulse Ultra to look for a new vocalist. In a post on the band's official forum, Zo stated that the split was amicable and they were all on good terms. Despite auditioning Lukas Rossi, the band would disband shortly after. They are now all involved in other projects. Dominic Cifarelli (guitarist) released his debut solo project The Chronicles of Israfel in 2007 and this project is on hiatus as he now plays bass in Scars on Broadway. Jeff Feldman is now playing bass in electronic/avant-garde band Elsiane and is working on other numerous endeavours which include soundtrack music and a project titled Hallway Memoirs. Maxx Zinno later played drums for the Los Angeles-based indie rock trio Run.

Their single "Build Your Cages" was featured on the soundtrack for Need For Speed: Hot Pursuit 2, released by EA in 2002.

Members
 Zo Vizza – vocals
 Dominic Cifarelli – guitar (The Chronicles of Israfel, ex-Scars On Broadway)
 Jeff Feldman – bass
 Maxx Zinno – drums

Discography

References

External links
 
 Pulse Ultra on Myspace

Canadian alternative metal musical groups
Musical groups from Montreal
Musical groups established in 1997
Musical groups disestablished in 2004
Atlantic Records artists
Geocrinia

Geocrinia is a genus of frogs in the family Myobatrachidae. These frogs are endemic to Australia. Two species are known from southeastern Australia (Victoria and Tasmania), while one is known from southeastern Western Australia.

All the species in this genus were at some point referred to as Crinia. Further studies showed there was some considerable differences between this group of frogs and Crinia. These differences included; a slightly sturdier body, smoother skin on the ventral surface and the greatest difference, the reproductive nature, laying the eggs outside of water.

Until 2022, four other species in Western Australia were also classified in this genus, but a phylogenetic study reclassified them into the new genus Anstisia. Species of Geocrinia develop initially in the egg then hatch when sufficient rain falls for them to complete their larval development in water, while Anstisia go through the tadpole stage entirely on land in the egg capsule.

Species

References

 
Myobatrachidae
Amphibian genera
Amphibians of Australia
Endemic fauna of Australia
Scottish Affairs

Scottish Affairs is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering Scottish politics. It was established in 1992 and has been published by Edinburgh University Press since 2014. It is the successor to the Scottish Government Yearbooks, which ran from 1976 to 1992.

The editor-in-chief is Michael Rosie (2015–present), who succeeded Lindsay Paterson (1992-2015).

References

External links

Scottish Government Yearbooks Archive

Political science journals
Politics of Scotland
1992 establishments in Scotland
Academic journals established in 1992
1992 in British politics
Taudactylus

Taudactylus is a genus of frogs in the family Myobatrachidae. These frogs are endemic to rainforest areas of coastal eastern Australia, most of this genus inhabit fast flowing streams in highland area. Most members of this genus have suffered serious declines, in which the disease chytridiomycosis appears to have played a significant role: T. diurnus is believed to be extinct, while all others except T. liemi are listed as critically endangered by the IUCN. These listings are conservative, and it is likely T. acutirostris, presently listed as critically endangered, already is extinct.

They are distinguishable from other Australian myobatrachids by the T-shaped pad at the end of each finger and toe. They are all small frog and reach no larger than 40 mm in length. The fingers and toes are unwebbed and the skin is generally smooth. The tympanum is large and is either visible or hidden. They lack vocal sacs but all species are known to call. The Eungella Torrent Frog is the only known Myobatrachid known to show its presence by the movement of its body.

Of the six species in the genus Taudactylus, one of the most primitive groups of frogs in  Australia, two are restricted to the Wet Tropics of Queensland. T. rheophilus had been recorded only  from the  Bellenden Ker Range, Lamb Range, Carbine Tableland and Thornton Peak, all recognised refugial areas but has suffered massive declines over its entire former  range. Prior to 1988, T. acutirostris occurred in upland streams throughout the World  Heritage Area. However, it has since suffered a dramatic decline in numbers and its status is considered critical. The catastrophic amphibian declines which have occurred in the Wet Tropics have been attributed to an amphibian fungal disease caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.

Cause of amphibian declines identified
In 1992 an experimental translocation experiment was being conducted to determine the cause of population declines in T. acutirostris. Frogs and tadpoles from a stream in the north of the species range were collected and placed into observation enclosures at five sites to the south where the species had disappeared and in a control enclosure at the collection site. During this experiment, the scientist, Michael Mahony (Newcastle University) and Andrew Dennis (James Cook University, observed sick and dying frogs of T. acutirostris and several other stream frogs (Litoria rheocola, Litoria nannotis) in the enclosures and on the stream from where the frogs and tadpoles were being collected. They collected specimens and dispatched them to veterinary pathologists at James Cook University. This was the first observation of the cause of amphibian declines in Australia and directly led to the identification of a fungal pathogen (Batrachochytridium dendrobatididis) as the cause.

Species
There are six species:

References

 
Myobatrachidae
Amphibian genera
Endemic fauna of Australia
Amphibians of Australia
Patricia McLaughlin

Florence Patricia Alice McLaughlin OBE (née Aldwell; 23 June 1916 – 7 January 1997) was a unionist politician in Northern Ireland and one of the earliest female Members of Parliament (MPs) from the region.

Early life 
McLaughlin was educated at Ashleigh House and Trinity College, Dublin before going on to join the Ulster Unionist Party.

Career 
Chosen to represent the party in the West Belfast constituency for the 1955 general election, she captured the seat from incumbent Jack Beattie and went on to successfully defend it at the 1959 election before retiring from politics. She made a surprise comeback in the 1970 general election as the Conservative Party candidate in Wandsworth Central, although she failed to win the seat. She was also a founding member of the Westminster women's Orange Lodge.

On 13 January 1958 she visited Crumlin Road Prison in Belfast where Irish Republican Army (IRA) inmate Eamonn Boyce noted in Irish in his diary entry from that date that she was inside 'looking at the animals!'.

Awards 
She was awarded the OBE in 1965.

References

External links 

1916 births
1997 deaths
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Belfast constituencies (since 1922)
UK MPs 1955–1959
UK MPs 1959–1964
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Conservative Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Ulster Unionist Party members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Northern Irish constituencies
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century women politicians from Northern Ireland
Uperoleia

Uperoleia is a genus of frogs in the family Myobatrachidae. They are native to northern and eastern Australia and southern lowlands of New Guinea. These are small squat frogs, more commonly known as "toadlets". They have glandular skin, often with a pair of raised glands behind each eye, or on the flanks.

They have bumpy, rough skin giving them the appearance of a small toad, hence the name "toadlet", although they are often called "gungans" in Queensland. There are two distinct types of calls—Uperoleia species make either a "click" or a "squelch". Generally, the "clicking" Uperoleia have long thin inguinal glands that run along the dorsal surface, while the "squelching" Uperoleia have round inguinal glands restricted to the posterior half of the dorsal surface. It is unusual to find more than one species of "clickers" or "squelchers" in the same location, although finding one of each is quite frequent in northern Australia. The species in this genus show great similarities in body shape and colouration making them difficult to tell apart. Call analysis is often required to confirm identification. This genus is the largest of any in the family Myobatrachidae.

Clicking Uperoleia include U. glandulosa, U. aspera, U. minima, U. trachyderma, U. lithomoda, U. littlejohni, U. altissima, U. mimula, and U. rugosa.  The squelching Uperoleia include U. russelli, U. saxatilis, U. talpa, U. borealis, U. crassa, and U. inundata.  The eastern species U. laevigata, U. fusca, U. tyleri, and U. martini are also squelchers, but are distantly related.  The species U. mjobergi, U. micromeles, U. micra, and U. daviesae are distinct from these other groups.

Species
Following the Amphibian Species of the World, there are 29 species:

Note that the AmphibiaWeb recognizes the small-headed toadlet (Uperoleia capitulata ), a species that the Amphibian Species of the World, following Catullo and Keogh (2014), treats as a synonym of the wrinkled toadlet (Uperoleia rugosa).

References

 
Myobatrachidae
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
Ana García-Siñeriz

Ana María Aurora García-Siñeriz Alonso (born 26 July 1965) is a Spanish TV presenter.

She has a bachelor's degree in journalism from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and a master's degree in radio from Radio Nacional de España. She worked in Lo + plus and Magacine in Canal+. She was the presenter, along with Boris Izaguirre, of TV show Channel nº4, which aired on Cuatro from 2005 to 2008. She is married to Gauthier Peyrouzet and has two children: Mateo (b. 1997) and Chloe (b. 2000).

Television
Hablando claro (1988-1989) (TVE)
Primer plano (1993–1994) (Canal+)
Lo + plus (1995–2005) (Canal+)
Magacine (1996-2002) (Canal+)
Channel nº 4 (2005–2008) with  Boris Izaguirre (Cuatro)
Matinal Cuatro with a Daniel Serrano y Roger Persiva (2010) (Cuatro).

Bibliography
Bebé a bordo, 2000
Esas mujeres rubias, 2010
Nueve meses y un día, 2012

She has also published, along with illustrator Jordi Labanda, a series of children's storybooks centered on a character named Zoé.

References

External links
Ana García-Siñeriz in the IMDB
Ana García-Siñeriz and her beautiful feet

Spanish television presenters
Spanish women television presenters
People from Asturias
People from Oviedo
1965 births
Complutense University of Madrid alumni
Living people
Neamț Monastery

The Neamț Monastery () is a Romanian Orthodox religious settlement, one of the oldest and most important of its kind in Romania. It was built in the 15th century, and it is an example of medieval Moldavian architecture. A jewel of 15th-century architecture, the church was built during the reign of Stephen III of Moldavia (1457–1504) and finished in the year when the Moldavian army won the battle against King John I Albert of Poland (1497).

Location
The monastery is located in the north-eastern part of Romania, in Neamț County, 10 km west of Târgu Neamț. It is accessible by car (DN 15B road) and train (Târgu Neamț railway station); the nearest airport is Suceava, located about 60 km to the north.

Architecture
Sumptuous, with delicate colour effects, the monastery shows the maturity of the Moldavian architectonic style, which matured during Ștefan cel Mare's period. The façade of the church is covered with decorations characteristic of that time: Gothic windows and friezes with enameled disks, coloured in green, yellow and brown.

In the chamber of the tombs, which appear for the first time at this church, is the tomb of Ștefan al II-lea, son of Alexandru cel Bun and uncle of Ștefan cel Mare.

Manuscripts and art
The art treasures kept at Neamț Monastery are proof of the intense artistic and cultural activity which took place here through the centuries. Here Gavril Uric showed his talent, the most important representative of the Moldavian miniature from the 15th century. His first known manuscript, dated 1429, is kept in the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford. The calligraphers and miniaturists of Ștefan cel Mare who worked at this important center made many of the books given to Putna Monastery. In the cells of the monastery, the chronicler Macarie wrote the chronicle of Petru Rareș's rule, and Eftimie the chronicle of Alexandru Lăpușneanu's rule.

The learned tradition of the Neamț Monastery disappeared in the 17th and 18th centuries, to be reborn at the beginning of next century, when Metropolitan Veniamin Costachi established a printing house here. In the monastery museum is the old printing press, which was used to print books since 1807. The monastery's library is said to be more than 600 years old. Among the almost 11,000 volumes are many rare books, some being the first ones printed in this country. The altar screen of the former church from Neamț Fortress, is the most important treasure of all those in the monastery, along with the icon painted by Nicolae Grigorescu, "The Flight from Egypt".

Gallery

External links

1497 establishments in Europe
Religious organizations established in the 1490s
Romanian Orthodox monasteries of Neamț County
Historic monuments in Neamț County
Christian monasteries established in the 15th century
Churches established by Stephen the Great
15th century in Romania
Lavras
Umlauf Sculpture Garden and Museum

The Umlauf Sculpture Garden & Museum, stylized as the UMLAUF, is a museum and outdoor sculpture garden centered on the artistic works of American sculptor Charles Umlauf. Located at 605 Azie Morton Road in the Zilker neighborhood of Austin, Texas, the garden is adjacent to Austin's Zilker Park.

In 1985, Charles and Angeline Umlauf donated their home, studio, and 168 Umlauf sculptures to the City of Austin. Six years later, in 1991, the City built a museum to display the artwork on adjoining city property with private funds. Staff and volunteers maintain the museum with support of grants, donated funds, and contributions from the City of Austin, to maintain the museum and xeriscaped garden.  The Museum maintains a seasonal schedule including exhibitions of Charles Umlauf and his twentieth century peers and contemporary art exhibitions.

Charles Umlauf
Charles Umlauf was a notable American sculptor who taught as a professor in the University of Texas at Austin Art Department for 40 years. He began sculpting at a young age and began taking classes at the Art Institute of Chicago at age 11. Umlauf was employed by the Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project during the Great Depression and he garnered recognition for his large public work sculptures, including War Mother (1939) which resulted in his job offer from the University of Texas. He is known for his expressive sculptures regarding humanistic and religious themes, and his use of various materials including rose quartz and Brazilian rosewood. In Texas, Umlauf has more sculptures on display in public locations than any other single sculptor.

Contemporary Art Exhibitions
The UMLAUF has a gallery space which seasonally exhibits contemporary artists from around the world but with a focus on Texan and Southern artists. Past exhibits have included work by artists: James Surls, Farrah Fawcett (student, mentee, and occasional muse of Umlauf), Jesús Moroles, Luis Jimenez, and Michael Ray Charles.

UMLAUF Prize Expanded 
The Umlauf offers an annual prize to an emerging artist based in Austin.  The award provides a stipend and a solo exhibition at the museum.

See also 
List of single-artist museums
 List of botanical gardens in the United States
 Madonna and Child (Umlauf)

References

External links 

Umlauf Sculpture Garden & Museum

Sculpture gardens, trails and parks in the United States
Gardens in Texas
Museums in Austin, Texas
Art museums and galleries in Texas
Biographical museums in Texas
Artists' studios in the United States
Art museums established in 1991
1991 establishments in Texas
Museums devoted to one artist
Chiasmocleis

Chiasmocleis is a genus of microhylid frogs. They are found in tropical South America north and east of the Andes. Their common name is humming frogs or silent frogs, the latter referring to the formerly recognized Syncope.

Taxonomy
There has been various attempts to delimit this genus in a way that would make it monophyletic. As of mid 2021, it is recognized as including the former Syncope, but consisting of three clades ranked as subgenera:

Of these, Relictocleis is the most divergent and may even be considered a separate, monotypic genus, with Relictocleis gnoma as its sole member.

Description
Chiasmocleis are small-bodied frogs with small limbs. They are sexually dimorphic, with males having darker chin, abundant to no dermal spines, and variable degree of pedal webbing. Subgenus Syncope is characterized by size reduction and reduction or loss of phalanges and digits. Also Relictocleis are particularly small.

Ecology
Chiasmocleis are fossorial or semi-fossorial and well camouflaged among the leaf litter or underground. They only forage on the surface for a few days during periods of explosive breeding at the beginning of the rainy season. They occur in both forested and open environments.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Chiasmocleis:

References

 
Microhylidae
Amphibian genera
Amphibians of South America
Taxa named by Lajos Méhelÿ
Ctenophryne

Ctenophryne is a genus of microhylid frogs. They occur in southern Central America (Costa Rica, Panama) and South America. Their common names are egg frogs and Nelson frogs, the latter applying to species in the formerly recognized Nelsonophryne.

Taxonomy and systematics
As of 2017, Ctenophryne includes two other genera, Nelsonophryne and Melanophryne, in synonymy. The latter might represent valid genera, but molecular analyses could not resolve their relationships in a robust way. Placing Nelsonophryne and Melanophryne in the synonymy of Ctenophryne is an interim measure that avoids paraphyly, until new data might resolve the relationships. When Ctenophryne is defined this way, it is a monophyletic group that is the sister group to all
other gastrophrynines.

Description
Ctenophryne range from relatively small Ctenophryne barbatula (female size  in snout–vent length) to moderately large Ctenophryne aterrima (female size to ). The current definition of the genus is essentially based on molecular phylogenetics rather than morphology.

Species
There are six species:
 Ctenophryne aequatorialis (Peracca, 1904)
 Ctenophryne aterrima (Günther, 1901)
 Ctenophryne barbatula (Lehr and Trueb, 2007)
 Ctenophryne carpish (Lehr, Rodriguez, and Córdova, 2002)
 Ctenophryne geayi Mocquard, 1904
 Ctenophryne minor Zweifel and Myers, 1989

References

 
Microhylidae
Amphibian genera
Amphibians of Central America
Amphibians of South America
Taxa named by François Mocquard
David Doyle (judge)

David Doyle is a Judge of the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, Financial Services Division. He was, until 31 July 2018, the First Deemster, Clerk of the Rolls and Deputy Governor of the Isle of Man. He was appointed in 2010 and was formerly a partner of Dickinson Cruickshank & Co from 1985 onwards. He was called to the Bar (Gray's Inn) in 1982 and the Manx Bar in 1984.

He spent his formative years in Hong Kong, where he was educated at Island School. He attended King William's College in the Isle of Man from September 1974 to July 1978.

He graduated from the University of Newcastle with a degree in law in 1981.

In November 2010 it was announced that he would take up the position of First Deemster following the death of Michael Kerruish earlier in the year. Doyle was sworn in on 20 December 2010.

In 2010 he produced a book titled Manx Criminal Law and Procedure, dealing with all areas of criminal law in the Isle of Man.

On 18 November 2011, he was appointed as a Bencher of Gray's Inn.

It was announced in February 2018 that Doyle would stand down from the position of First Deemster in July 2018 and return to private practice. He was succeeded by Andrew Corlett.

Judiciary positions

Second Deemster, 2003-2010
First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls, 2010–2018

References

Manx judges
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Members of Gray's Inn
People educated at Island School
SVCC

SVCC may refer to:

 Saddleback Valley Community Church, an Evangelical Christian church in Lake Forest, situated in southern Orange County, in Southern California
 Simi Valley Community Church, also another church located in Simi Valley, California
 Southside Virginia Community College, one of the 23 schools in the Virginia Community College System, sharing the same acronym with the Southwest Virginia Community College below
 Southwest Virginia Community College, also another one of the 23 schools in the Virginia Community College System, sharing the same acronym with the Southside Virginia Community College above
 Student Volunteer Campus Community may refer to SVCC Language Schools, a non-profit volunteer organization located in Edmonton, Alberta Canada
 Serenity Village Community Church, may refer to a Recovery based Christian church in Crystal, MN.
Raffaella Barker

Raffaella Flora Barker (born 24 November 1964) is an English author. Born in London, she moved when she was three and was brought up in the Norfolk countryside. She is the one of the poet George Barker's fifteen children, the eldest of the five he had with novelist Elspeth Barker. She lives in Norfolk, England with her family.

Biography
Raffaella was born 24 November 1964 and was brought up in Itteringham in Norfolk. After attending Norwich High School for Girls, Raffaella left Norfolk for London where she moved through life modelling, film-editing and journalism before she began writing novels. To date, she has written nine novels, including one for young adults (see "Publications"). She has also written short stories for the radio, worked at Harpers & Queen magazine, as a columnist for Country Life and has been a regular contributor to The Sunday Times, Sunday Telegraph, Harpers Bazaar and The Spectator. She also teaches on the English Literature and Creative Writing BA at the University of East Anglia and the Guardian Novel Writing Masterclass.

Publications
Come And Tell Me Some Lies (1994)
The Hook (1996)
Hens Dancing (1999)
Summertime (2001)
Green Grass (2002)
Phosphorescence (2004) - Young Adult
A Perfect Life (2006)
Poppyland (2008)
From a Distance (2014)

References 

1964 births
Living people
Academics of the University of East Anglia
People from Itteringham
20th-century British novelists
21st-century British novelists
British women novelists
Sk8

Sk8 or SK8 may refer to:

SK8 (programming language), multimedia authoring software
SK8-TV, a TV series that aired on Nickelodeon in 1990
Sk8 (TV series), a TV series that aired on NBC from 2001–02
SK8 the Infinity, an anime television series that aired in early 2021
Shorthand for skate
British Arctic Territories

The British Arctic Territories were a constituent region of British North America, composed of islands to the north of continental North America. They are now known as the Arctic Archipelago.

The British claim to the area was based on the discoveries of Martin Frobisher (1535–1594) in the 16th century. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland passed control of the islands to Canada in 1880 by means of an imperial order in council, the Adjacent Territories Order, under the royal prerogative. That was made out of fear of the United States' interest in the area as part of the Monroe Doctrine.

Britain had in 1870 transferred most of its remaining land in North America, which was the North-Western Territory and Rupert's Land, to Canada, and it became the Canadian North-West Territories, spelled the Northwest Territories from 1906.

On 1 April 1999, the territory of Nunavut was created from the eastern portion of the Northwest Territories. Most of the islands became part of Nunavut. Islands split between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories include Victoria Island, Melville Island, Mackenzie King Island, and Borden Island.

The islands were never part of Rupert's Land (Hudson Bay drainage basin) or the North-Western Territory (the mainland north and west of Rupert's Land), and both of those trade monopolies were managed by the Hudson's Bay Company. Canada had acquired those regions in 1870 and created the new Province of Manitoba, originally a square 18 times less its current size, as well as the new Northwest Territories, which by 1999 had ceded land to create today's Yukon and Nunavut Territories and the Provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, and ceded land to existing provinces' expansions into northern Ontario, northern Quebec, all of Manitoba, and the northeastern tip of British Columbia.

British Arctic Territory flag hoax 
Flags of the World has a tradition of posting a new flag for the British Arctic Territory every 1 April. It has led to some persistent misinformation on the web.

See also
 Northern Canada
 Northwest Passage

References

British Empire
History of Canada by location
Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas
Regions of the Arctic
Northern Canada
1880 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1880 disestablishments in North America
Western Province Cricket Association

The Western Province Cricket Association is the governing body for cricket in the Cape Town region. Its representative team, Western Province, competes in South Africa's domestic competition the Supersport Series, formerly known as the Castle Cup or the Currie Cup.

External links
 Western Province Cricket Association Home Page

Western Province Cricket Association
Cricket administration in South Africa
Sport in the Western Cape
Public life

Public life may refer to:

 Politics
 Public Life, a 1984 album by Eddie Schwartz
 Public Life with Randy David, a Filipino public affairs program

See also 
 Social life (disambiguation)
 Public relations
Louis Dyer

Louis Dyer (1851–1908) was an American educator and writer born in Chicago in the U.S. state of Illinois. He graduated at Harvard University in 1874, and at Balliol College, Oxford, in 1878.  He was assistant professor of Greek at Harvard (1881–1887), lecturer at Lowell Institute (1889) and at Balliol College, Oxford (1893–1896), and acting professor of Greek at Cornell University (1895–96).  Dyer lectured before the Royal Institution in 1896 and in 1900 gave a series of lectures at the University of California which was repeated at many colleges and universities.  He published a translation of Luigi Cossa's An Introduction to the Study of Political Economy (1893).

Books  
 The Greek Question and Answer (1884) 
 Studies of the Gods in Greece (1891) 
 Oxford as it is (1902)
 Machiavelli and the Modern State (1904)
 The Olympian Council House and Council (1908)

References

External links
 

1851 births
1908 deaths
Historians from Illinois
American information and reference writers
Harvard University alumni
Writers from Chicago
Cornell University faculty
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Post-void dribbling

Post-void dribbling, also known as post-micturition dribbling, occurs when urine remaining in the urethra after voiding the bladder slowly leaks out after urination. A common and usually benign complaint, it may be a symptom of urethral diverticulum, prostatitis and other medical problems.

Some men who experience dribbling, especially after prostate cancer surgery, will choose to wear incontinence pads to stay dry. Also known as guards for men, these incontinence pads conform to the male body. Some of the most popular male guards are from TENA, Depend, and Prevail. Simple ways to prevent dribbling include: strengthening pelvic muscles with Kegel exercises, changing position while urinating, or pressing on the perineum to evacuate the remaining urine from the urethra. Sitting down while urinating is also shown to alleviate complaints: a meta-analysis on the effects of voiding position in elderly males with benign prostate hyperplasia found an improvement of urologic parameters in this position, while in healthy males no such influence was found.

References

External links 

  eMedicine

Symptoms and signs: Urinary system
Brownmillerite

Brownmillerite is a rare oxide mineral with chemical formula . It is named for Lorrin Thomas Brownmiller (1902–1990), chief chemist of the Alpha Portland Cement Company, Easton, Pennsylvania.

Discovery and occurrence

The chemical compound was first recognized in 1932 and named for the chemist who identified it. The naturally occurring mineral form of the compound was first recognized in 1964 for occurrences in the Bellerberg volcano, Ettringen, Mayen-Koblenz, Germany.

At the type locality the mineral occurs within limestone blocks that are contained in a volcanic flow. The limestone blocks had undergone thermal metamorphism. The mineral also occurs in the thermally altered strata of the Hatrurim Formation of Israel. Minerals associated with brownmillerite in the Mayen locality include calcite, ettringite, wollastonite, larnite, mayenite, gehlenite, diopside, pyrrhotite, grossular, spinel, afwillite, jennite, portlandite and jasmundite. In an Austrian occurrence near Kloch, melilite, mayenite, wollastonite, kalsilite and corundum are found. Within the Hatrurim area spurrite, larnite and mayenite are associated.

The mineral is similar to the calcium aluminoferrite phases which are commonly found as components of Portland cement.

Use as a catalyst

Brownmillerite has been found to be a highly active oxygen evolution reaction catalyst in neutral pH.

See also
 Ye'elimite, , a rare natural anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate

References

Oxide minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 46
The Independents (band)

The Independents are a horror-punk/ska band from Myrtle Beach and Florence, South Carolina.

Biography
The Independents are an American horror-punk/ska band formed in Florence, South Carolina in 1992 by Evil Presly and Willy B. Their first recording was a four-song demo recorded in 1992 at the Jam Room in Columbia, South Carolina which they duplicated onto approximately 260 cassettes using a home stereo. Evil personally sold these while tour managing the South Carolina band 49 Reasons during their first US Tour. In October 1995, Rockduster Records released the band's debut album In for the Kill.

From their beginning, the band was championed by Ramones vocalist Joey Ramone. In 1998, Ramone served as executive producer on their EP Unholy Living Dead. That year, they also played dates on the Warped Tour. Ramone would manage the band until his death in 2001. The band's 2001 album, Back from the Grave, was produced by Ramone and Ramones producer Daniel Rey.

In 2004, the band was involved in a van crash while touring England with The Dangerfields. Willy B broke his arm in several places and the remaining dates were cancelled, but they returned in 2007 for a full European tour.

The Independents released the album Do It Again in 2008. Leading up to the album's release, they toured with The Queers, as well as headlining their own tours. They have also played select shows in the US with bands The Misfits, Flogging Molly, Blink 182, Cheap Trick and Mustard Plug. The Independents have also toured with the Voodoo Glow Skulls on many occasions.

In 2014 The Independents released their CD Into The Light, their first full-length CD since 2008's Do it Again. Although there were no official releases between the years of 2008 and 2014, with the exception of Ho Ho Ho...What A Party in 2013, the band continued to perform throughout the United States and Canada. In late 2014, the Independents released a limited edition live CD titled Live In Kansas City 10/30/2014 as part of a merchandise package deal. The CD also contained the 'Ho Ho Ho...What a Party demos. They also released a split 7-inch with Potbelly on Snatchee Records.

Discography

Studio albums

EPs

References

External links
Official site

Musical groups from South Carolina
American ska musical groups
Hellcat Records artists
Horror punk groups
James Kakalios

James Kakalios (born December 27, 1958) is a physics professor at the University of Minnesota. Known within the scientific community for his work with amorphous semiconductors, granular materials, and 1/f noise, he is known to the general public as the author of the book The Physics of Superheroes, which considers comic book superheroes from the standpoint of fundamental physics.

Biography
Kakalios earned his B.S. degree from City College of New York in 1979 and his M.S. and PhD degrees from the University of Chicago in 1982 and 1985. He began his comic book collection as a graduate student as a way to relieve stress. At Minnesota, he taught a freshman seminar that focused on the physics of superheroes as a way to motivate students to think about physics. This course gained great popularity as an enticing alternative to the typical inclined planes and pulleys of physics.The seminar was a great success, leading to articles in popular magazines including People, lectures on the subject, and publication of The Physics of Superheroes.  In his talks, favorite examples are the death of Gwen Stacy (Spider-Man's girlfriend), "can Superman jump over tall buildings and what does this tell us about Krypton?", the high-velocity actions of The Flash, and the shrinking problem of the Atom.  His analysis of Gwen Stacy's death eventually became integral to the plot of a new Spider-Man comic.
Kakalios is of the opinion that the most unrealistic aspect of the comic-book universe is often the sociology.  He notes that pedestrians do not usually provide running monologues describing everything around them.  There is one aspect of the story of the Atom that he does not question, however.  The Atom begins as a physics professor, who encounters a chunk of white dwarf star and picks it up.  "By a conservative estimate, he is lifting about 5000 metric tons.  This is not unreasonable. We physics professors are just that strong."

He provides content on the DVD of the film Watchmen. Under extras, he is filmed discussing the physics of superheroes. As one of the film's lead scientific consultants of the 2012 film The Amazing Spider-Man, Kakalios designed the film's "decay rate algorithm", which was inspired by the real-life Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality.

Kakalios has been nominated by the University of Minnesota to be one of the USA Science and Engineering Festival's Nifty Fifty Speakers who will speak about his work and career to middle and high school students in October 2010.

James Kakalios was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Science degree from the University of Lincoln, UK (2017).

He was also awarded the AAAS Public Engagement with Science Award in 2014.

Works

References

External links
 

21st-century American physicists
Living people
Educators from Minnesota
University of Chicago alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
1958 births
City College of New York alumni
American condensed matter physicists
20th-century American physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Newspaper riddle

The newspaper riddle is a riddle joke or conundrum in English that begins with the question:
Q: What is black and white and red all over?
The traditional answer, which relies upon the identical pronunciation of the words "red" and "read", is:
A: A newspaper.

Barrick believes this riddle to be "perhaps the most common example of a folk riddle collected in the United States in the twentieth century", pointing out that between 1917 and 1939 it appeared in 15 collections of folk riddles, and in a further six between 1939 and 1974.

Alternative answers to the riddle exist, where red is used as a color, parodying the canonical form of the riddle. Examples include: "a chocolate sundae with ketchup on top", "a badger in a blender", "a crossword done in red ink", and "a penguin with a sunburn".  Portnoy describes these answers as "adequate, but not clever", because they lack the homophonic pun.

A much darker version of the riddle exists with the answer "A Wounded Nun." This is also the answer to the similar riddle "What's black and white and crawls on all fours?"

Translations

In The Language of Jokes, Delia Chiaro notes that it is, technically, impossible to translate this joke into languages other than English, pointing out that, for example, in French, Italian, and German the words "rouge", "rosso", and "rot" have no meaning other than "red" and do not possess homophones.

She adds that it is possible to translate the intent of the joke, and to retain the invariant core of the colour red and the reference to a newspaper, by substituting a different riddle that relies upon metaphor, albeit that the homophonic play upon words is lost.  She gives the following example in French, which relies upon the facts that L'Humanité is the newspaper of the French Communist Party, and that, as "red" has in English, "rouge" in French has political connotations of Communism:
Q: Qu'est-ce qui/Quel journal est tout rouge et noir et blanc?
A: L'Humanité

She also gives a similar example in Italian, this time using the newspaper of the Italian Communist Party (L'Unità), noting that in Italian the order of black and white is the reverse of that in English and "rosso" must come first:
Q: Quale giornale è rosso, bianco e nero?
A: L'Unità

For German, she gives this example, which again, like Italian, requires the colour adjectives to be in a different order:
Q: Was ist rot, schwarz und weiss?
A: Die Tageszeitung

Famous uses

In 2009, Jason Jones pitched this riddle to Bill Keller, the editor of The New York Times, giving the answer: "Your balance sheet".
 
Jimmy Kimmel at the 2012 White House Correspondent's Dinner did this joke and replied: "Nothing anymore", in an allusion to the death of print news.

See also 
 Elephant joke

References 

Jokes
Newspapers
Riddles
W state

The W state is an entangled quantum state of three qubits which in the bra-ket notation has the following shape

 
and which is remarkable for representing a specific type of multipartite entanglement and for occurring in several applications in quantum information theory. Particles prepared in this state reproduce the properties of Bell's theorem, which states that no classical theory of local hidden variables can produce the predictions of quantum mechanics. The state is named after Wolfgang Dür, who first reported the state together with Guifré Vidal, and Ignacio Cirac in 2002.

Properties

The W state is the representative of one of the two non-biseparable classes of three-qubit states, the other being the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state, , which cannot be transformed (not even probabilistically) into each other by local quantum operations. Thus  and  represent two very different kinds of tripartite entanglement.

This difference is, for example, illustrated by the following interesting property of the W state: if one of the three qubits is lost, the state of the remaining 2-qubit system is still entangled. This robustness of W-type entanglement contrasts strongly with the GHZ state, which is fully separable after loss of one qubit.

The states in the W class can be distinguished from all other 3-qubit states by means of multipartite entanglement measures. In particular, W states have non-zero entanglement across any bipartition, while the 3-tangle vanishes, which is also non-zero for GHZ-type states.

Generalization 

The notion of W state has been generalized for  qubits and then refers to the quantum superposition with equal expansion coefficients of all possible pure states in which exactly one of the qubits is in an "excited state" , while all other ones are in the "ground state" :
 
Both the robustness against particle loss and the LOCC-inequivalence with the (generalized) GHZ state also hold for the -qubit W state.

Applications 
In systems in which a single qubit is stored in an ensemble of many two-level systems the logical "1" is often represented by the W state, while the logical "0" is represented by the state . Here the W state's robustness against particle loss is a very beneficial property ensuring good storage properties of these ensemble-based quantum memories.

See also 
 NOON state

References 

Quantum information theory
Quantum states