September 5



Events

Up to 1900 
 917  Liu Yan declares himself Emperor, establishing the southern Han state in China.
 1590  Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the Siege of Paris.
 1666  Great Fire of London ended: A large fire in London burns out after three days. 10,000 buildings including St. Paul's Cathedral were destroyed, but only 16 people are known to have died.
 1698  In an effort to move his people away from Asiatic customs, Tsar Peter I of Russia imposes a tax on beards; All men except priests and peasants, are required to pay a tax of one hundred rubles a year and the commoners had to pay one kopek each.
 1725  Louis XV of France and Maria Leszczynska marry in Fontainbleau.
 1774  First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
 1781  Battle of the Chesapeake in the American Revolutionary War: The British Navy is repelled by the French Navy, contributing to the British surrender at Yorktown.
 1793  In France, the French National Convention votes to implement terror measures to enforce the principles of the French Revolution, initiating (starting) the Reign of Terror.
 1798  Conscription (military service) is made mandatory (meaning young men had to do it) in France.
 1800  Napoleon Bonaparte surrenders Malta to Great Britain.
 1812  War of 1812: Siege of Fort Wayne begins with Chief Winamac's forces attacking two soldiers returning from the fort's outhouses.
 1836  Sam Houston is elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas.
 1839  The United Kingdom declares the First Opium War on the Qing Dynasty of China.
 1840  First performance of Giuseppe Verdi's Un giorno di regno at La Scala in Milan.
 1862  American Civil War: In the Confederacy's first invasion of the North, General Robert E. Lee leads 55,000 men of the Army of Northern Virginia across the Potomac River at White's Ford near Leesburg, Virginia into Maryland.
 1877  Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska.
 1882  Tottenham Hotspur Football Club is founded in London.
 1882  The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York City.
 1887  Fire at the Theatre Royal in Exeter, England kills 186 people.

1901  2000 
 1901  The National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues (later renamed Minor League Baseball), is formed in Chicago.
 1905  Russo-Japanese War: Treaty of Portsmouth signed – In New Hampshire a treaty mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt, is signed by victor Japan and defeated party Russia.
 1906  Brandbury Robinson throws the first legal forward pass in an American football game.
 1914  World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins – Northeast of Paris, the French attack and defeat German forces who are advancing on the capital.
 1927  The Oswald the Lucky Rabbit cartoon, Trolley Troubles, produced by Walt Disney, is released by Universal Pictures.
 1932  French Upper Volta is broken up between French Sudan, Ivory Coast and Niger.
 1936  Federico Borrell García, a Republican soldier in the Spanish Civil War, is photographed in the moment of his death by Robert Capa.
 1937  Spanish Civil War: The fall of Llanes.
 1939  World War II: The United States declares its neutrality in the war. It later enters on the side of the Allies.
 1941  World War II : Siege of Leningrad begins.
 1941  World War II: Estonia is occupied by Nazi Germany.
 1942  World War II: The Battle of Milne Bay in the Pacific Ocean ends in a Japanese defeat against the Allies.
 1943  World War II: The 503rd Parachute Regiment under American General Douglas MacArthur lands and occupies Nazdab in Papua New Guinea.
 1944  World War II: The USSR declares war on Bulgaria.
 1944  Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg form the Benelux.
 1945  Iva Toguri D'Aquino, a Japanese-American suspected of being wartime radio propagandist Tokyo Rose, is arrested in Yokohama.
 1948  Robert Schuman becomes Prime Minister of France
 1949  A former sharpshooter in World War II, Howard Unruh kills 13 neighbors in Camden, New Jersey with a souvenir Luger to become America's first single-episode mass murderer.
 1957  Cuba: Fulgencio Batista bombs a revolt in the city of Cienfuegos.
 1958  The English language translation of the novel Dr. Zhivago by Boris Pasternak is published.
 1960  Léopold Sédar Senghor is elected as the 1st President of Senegal.
 1960  Cassius Clay wins the gold medal in boxing at the Rome Olympic Games.
 1961  The first conference of countries of the Non Aligned Movement is held in Belgrade.
 1969  My Lai Massacre: Lt. William Calley is charged with six specifications of premeditated murder for the death of 109 Vietnamese civilians in My Lai.
 1970  Vietnam War: Operation Jefferson Glenn begins: the United States 101st Airborne Division and the South Vietnamese 1st Infantry Division initiate a new operation in Thua Thien Province.
 1972  Munich Massacre: A Palestinian terrorist group called "Black September" attack Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games.
 1973  Palestinian terrorists attack Saudi Arabia's Embassy in Paris.
 1975  In Sacramento, California, a follower of incarcerated cult leader Charles Manson named Lynette Fromme attempts to assassinate US President Gerald Ford, but is thwarted by a Secret Service agent.
 1977  Voyager program: Voyager 1 is launched after a brief delay.
 1977  In Cologne, Hanns Martin Schleyer is kidnapped by members of the Red Army Faction
 1978  Camp David Accords: Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat begin peace process at Camp David, Maryland.
 1980  The St. Gotthard Tunnel opens in Switzerland as the world's longest highway tunnel at 10.14 miles (16.32 km) stretching from Goschenen to Airolo.
 1983  The half-hour Robert MacNeil Report changes its name to the MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, becoming the first hour-long network news show.
 1983  Peter Jennings becomes lead anchor for ABC World News Tonight.
 1983  Tom Brokaw becomes lead anchor for NBC Nightly News.
 1984  Western Australia becomes the last Australian state to ban capital punishment.
 1984  The Space Shuttle Discovery (mission STS-41-D) lands after its maiden voyage.
 1986  Pan Am Flight 73 with 358 people on board is hijacked at Karachi International Airport.
 1988  With US$2 billion in federal aid, the Robert M. Bass Group agrees to buy the United States's largest bankrupt thrift, American Savings and Loan Association.
 1990  Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan army soldiers murder 158 civilians.
 1991  The current international treaty defending indigenous peoples, the Indigenous and Tribal People's Convention, 1989, comes into force.
 1995  France tests an atomic bomb on Mururoa Atoll in French Polynesia.
 1996  Hurricane Fran makes landfall near Cape Fear, North Carolina, where 27 people are killed, and three billion dollars worth of damage are caused.
 1997  At least 87 people killed in the Beni-Messous massacre in Algeria.
 2000  Tuvalu joins the United Nations.

From 2001 
 2001  Peru's attorney general files homicide charges against ex-President Alberto Fujimori.
 2001  Young Left formed in Toronto, Ontario.
 2002  A car bomb kills 30 people in Kabul, Afghanistan, in an apparent assassination attempt on Afghan President Hamid Karzai.
 2002  The Sour Biscuit Fire in Oregon and northern California, which burned 499,570 acres (2,020 km²), is finally contained.
 2002  The Beltway sniper attacks begin with the murder of Paul LaRuffa.
 2004  Future Hurricane Ivan becomes a Hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean.
 2005  A Mandala Airlines plane crashes in a residential area in Sumatra, Indonesia, killing 104 on board and 39 on the ground.
 2005  In Solden, Tyrol, Austria, an aerial lift accident kills nine German tourists, as a transport helicopter hits a cable car, which then plunges to the ground.
 2008  Quentin Bryce becomes Governor-General of Australia.
 2012  A magnitude 7.9 earthquake hits Costa Rica.
 2012  A firecracker factory explodes near Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India, killing 40 people.
 2012  An accidental explosion at a Turkish army ammunition store in Afyon, Western Turkey, kills 25 soldiers.
 2012  The bodies of Saad al-Hilli, two members of his family, and a local cyclist are found near Annecy, in the alpine region of France, having all been shot, while al-Hilli's two daughters survived. The case remains unsolved, as no killer or motive has been determined.
 2014  Ukraine and Russia agree to a ceasefire during the conflict in Eastern Ukraine.

Births

Up to 1800 
 699  Abu Hanifa, Iraqi scholar (d. 767)
 1187  King Louis VIII of France (d. 1226)
 1201  Alix, Duchess of Brittany (d. 1221)
 1319  Peter IV of Aragon (d. 1387)
 1533  Jacopo Zaparella, Italian philosopher (d. 1589)
 1540  Magnus, Duke of Holstein (d. 1583)
 1567  Date Masamuno, Japanese daimyo (d. 1636)
 1568  Tommaso Campanella, Italian theologian, philosopher, and poet (d. 1639)
 1638  King Louis XIV of France (d. 1715)
 1651  William Dampier, English explorer (d. 1715)
 1666  Gottfried Arnold, German historian and theologian (d. 1714)
 1667  Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian Jesuit and mathematician (d. 1733)
 1695  Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (d. 1770)
 1722  Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony (d. 1763)
 1733  Christoph Martin Wieland, German poet, translator and publisher (d. 1813)
 1735  Johann Christian Bach, German composer (d. 1782)
 1750  Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet (d. 1774)
 1751  John Shore, 1st Baron Teignmouth, British politician (d. 1834)
 1764  Henriette Herz, German writer (d. 1847)
 1771  Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen, Austrian general (d. 1847)
 1772  Fat 'h-Ali Shah Qajar, Persian King (d. 1834)
 1774  Caspar David Friedrich, German artist (d. 1840)
 1775  Juan Martínez Díez, Spanish captain (d. 1825)
 1781  Anton Diabelli, Austrian music publisher, editor and composer (d. 1858)
 1786  Sergey Uvarov, Russian politician and literary scholar (d. 1855)
 1791  Giacomo Meyerbeer, German composer (d. 1864)

1801  1900 
 1806  Christophe Léon Louis Juchault de Lamoricière, French general and statesman (d. 1865)
 1807  Richard Chenevix Trench, clergyman and philologist (d. 1886)
 1809  Manuel Montt, 6th President of Chile (d. 1880)
 1817  Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian writer (d. 1875)
 1818  Edmund Kennedy, Australian explorer (d. 1848)
 1826  John Wisden, English cricketer (d. 1884)
 1827  Goffredo Mameli, Italian patriot, poet and writer (d. 1849)
 1829  Lester Allan Pelton, American inventor (d. 1908)
 1836  Justiniano Borgono, President of Peru (d. 1921)
 1846  Jack Daniel, American businessman (d. 1911)
 1847  Jesse James, American outlaw (d. 1882)
 1867  Amy Beach, American composer and pianist (d. 1944)
 1869  Archduchess Karoline Marie of Austria (d. 1945)
 1871  Friedrich Akel, Estonian politician (d. 1941)
 1873  Cornelius Vanderbilt III, American military officer and engineer (d. 1942)
 1874  Nap Lajoie, baseball player (d. 1959)
 1881  Otto Bauer, Austrian politician (d. 1938)
 1883  Mel Sheppard, AMerican athlete (d. 1942)
 1888  Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, second President of India (d. 1975)
 1892  Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian violinist (d. 1973)
 1897  Ella Schuler, American supercentenarian (d. 2011)

1901  1950 
 1901  Florence Eldridge, American actress (d. 1988)
 1901  Mario Scelba, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1991)
 1902  Darryl F. Zanuck, movie producer and executive (d. 1979)
 1905  Arthur Koestler, Austrian writer (d. 1983)
 1906  Sunnyland Slim, American blues singer and pianist (d. 1995)
 1910  Phiroze Palia, Indian cricketer (d. 1981)
 1912  John Cage, American composer (d. 1992)
 1912  Kristina Söderbaum, German actress and photographer (d. 2001)
 1913  Frank Thomas, American animator (d. 2004)
 1914  Nicanor Parra, Chilean poet (d. 2018)
 1914  Stuart Freeborn, British make-up artist (d. 2013)
 1915  Horst Sindermann, German politician (d. 1990)
 1916  Frank Yerby, novelist (d. 1991)
 1918  Luis Alcoriza, Mexican actor, screenwriter and director (d. 1992)
 1918  Buddy Williams, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1986)
 1920  Fons Rademakers, Dutch-Swiss actor, director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2007)
 1921  Farida of Egypt, Queen Consort of Egypt (d. 1988)
 1921  Jack Valenti, American political advisor and movie executive (d. 2007)
 1927  Paul Volcker, American economist
 1928  Albert Mangelsdorff, German trombonist (d. 2005)
 1929  Bob Newhart, American actor and comedian
 1929  Andriyan Nikolayev, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2004)
 1930  Ken Naganuma, Japanese footballer (d. 2008)
 1932  Simon Achidi Achu, former Prime Minister of Cameroon
 1934  Carol Lawrence, American actress and singer
 1934  Kevin McNamara, English politician
 1934  Paul Josef Cordes, German cardinal
 1935  Dieter Hallervorden, German comedian, actor and singer
 1935  Doreen Massey, Baroness Massey of Darwen, English politician
 1936  Bill Mazeroski, American baseball player
 1936  John Danforth, American politician and diplomat
 1937  Antonio Valentín Angelillo, Argentine footballer
 1939  George Lazenby, Australian actor
 1939  William Devane, actor
 1939  Clay Regazzoni, Swiss racing driver (d. 2006)
 1939  Susumu Tonegawa, Japanese Nobel Prize-winning molecular biologist
 1940  Raquel Welch, American actress
 1942  Werner Herzog, German movie director
 1944  Dario Bellezza, Italian poet, author and playwright
 1944  Gareth Evans, Australian lawyer and politician
 1945  Gérard d'Aboville, French politician and navigator
 1945  Eva Bergman, Swedish movie, theatre and television director
 1945  Al Stewart, British musician
 1945  Khaleda Zia, Bangladeshi politician 
 1946  Freddie Mercury, British singer (Queen) (d. 1991)
 1946  Loudon Wainwright III, American singer and composer
 1946  Buddy Miles, American musician
 1948  Benita Ferrero-Waldner, Austrian diplomat and politician
 1949  Pat McQuaid, Irish cyclist and official
 1950  Cathy Guisewite, American cartoonist
 1950  Rosie Cooper, English politician

1951  1975 
 1951  Paul Breitner, German footballer
 1951  Michael Keaton, American actor
 1956  Roine Stolt, Swedish singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
 1958  Lars Danielsson, Swedish jazz bassist and cellist
 1959  Frank Schirrmacher, German journalist (d. 2014)
 1960  Abdullah Abdullah, Afghan politician
 1960  Candy Maldonado, Puerto Rican baseball player, manager and sportscaster
 1962  Brian A. Joyce, American politician (d. 2018)
 1962  Peter Wingfield, British actor
 1963  Juan Alderete, American bass player and songwriter
 1963  Kristian Alfonso, American actress, figure skater and model
 1964  Frank Farina, Australian footballer
 1964  Ken Norman, American basketball player
 1964  Sergei Loznitsa, Belarussian-Ukrainian director and screenwriter
 1965  David Brabham, Australian racing driver
 1965  Murdo Fraser, Scottish politician
 1965  Osamu Maeda, Japanese footballer
 1965  Chris Morris, British writer
 1965  César Rincon, Colombian bullfighter
 1967  Matthias Sammer, German footballer
 1967  Jane Sixsmith, English field hockey player
 1969  Dweezil Zappa, American musician and son of Frank Zappa
 1969  Leonardo Araújo, Brazilian footballer
 1969  Sebastian Edathy, German politician
 1969  Mark Ramprakash, English cricketer
 1970  Liam Lynch, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and director
 1971  Adam Hollioake, English cricketer
 1973  Paddy Considine, English actor, director and producer
 1973  Rose McGowan, American actress
 1974  Ivo Ulich, Czech footballer
 1975  George Boateng, Dutch footballer

From 1976 
 1976  Tatyana Gutsu, Ukrainian gymnast
 1976  Carice van Houten, Dutch actress
 1976  Richard Marsland, Australian writer, actor and comedian (d. 2008)
 1977  Teresa Marinova, Bulgarian athlete
 1978  Chris Jack, New Zealand rugby player
 1978  Laura Bertram, Canadian actress
 1978  Zhang Zhong, Chinese chess player
 1979  John Carew, Norwegian footballer
 1979  Juan Fuenmayor, Venezuelan footballer
 1980  Marianna Madia, Italian politician
 1980  Stefán Logi Magnússon, Icelandic footballer
 1981  Nina Eichinger, German actress
 1981  Bruno Neves, Portuguese cyclist (d. 2008)
 1983  Pablo Granoche, Uruguayan footballer
 1983  Priscilla Meirelles, Brazilian model
 1987  Pierre Casiraghi, Monegasque royalty
 1988  Felipe Caicedo, Ecuadorean footballer
 1988  Nuri Sahin, Turkish footballer
 1989  Ben Youngs, English rugby player
 1989  José Angel Valdés, Spanish footballer
 1989  Katerina Graham, American actress
 1990  Kim Yu-Na, South Korean figure skater
 1990  Giovanni Pernice, Italian professional dancer
 1990  Franco Zuculini, Italian footballer
 1991  Skandar Keynes, English actor
 1991  Stuart Donaldson, Scottish politician
 1993  Gage Golightly, American actress
 1995  Tehilla Blad, Swedish actress
 1995  Caroline Sunshine, American actress
 1996  Sigrid, Norwegian singer

Deaths

Up to 1900 
 590  Authari, King of Lombardy (b. 540)
 1165  Emperor Nijo of Japan (b. 1143)
 1201  Constance, Duchess of Brittany (b. 1161)
 1235  Henry I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1165)
 1548  Catherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VIII of England (b. c. 1512)
 1629  Domenico Allegri, Italian composer (b. 1585)
 1803  Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, French general and writer (b. 1741)
 1836  Ferdinand Raimund, Austrian playwright (b. 1790)
 1838  Charles Percier, French architect (b. 1764)
 1855  Thomas Mitchell, Scottish explorer of Australia (b. 1792)
 1857  Auguste Comte, French sociologist (b. 1798)
 1876  Manuel Blanco Encalada, first President of Chile (b. 1790)
 1877  Crazy Horse, Oglala Sioux chief (b. 1849)
 1898  Sarah Edmonds, Canadian nurse, soldier, and spy (b. 1841)

1901  2000 
 1901  Ignacij Klemenčič, Slovene physicist (b. 1853)
 1902  Rudolf Virchow, German doctor, pathologist, biologist, and politician (b. 1821)
 1906  Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian phsyicist (b. 1844)
 1912  Arthur MacArthur, Jr., American soldier (b. 1845)
 1917  Marian Smoluchowski, Polish physicist (b. 1872)
 1926  Karl Harrer, German journalist and politician (b. 1890)
 1930  Robert Means Thompson, American naval officer (b. 1849)
 1931  John Thomson, Scottish footballer (b. 1909)
 1932  Francisco Acebal, Spanish novelist, playwright and journalist (b. 1866)
 1936  Fernando Borrell García, Spanish Republican soldier, photographed in moment of his death (b. 1912)
 1946  John I. Cox, American politician, 33rd Governor of Tennessee (b. 1855)
 1954  Eugen Schiffer, German politician (b. 1860)
 1960  Earl Long, Governor of Louisiana (b. 1895)
 1965  Thomas Johnston, Scottish-born politician (b. 1882)
 1966  Dezső Lauber, Hungarian sportsman (b. 1879)
 1970  Jochen Rindt, Austrian racing driver, posthumous Formula 1 champion (b. 1942)
 1972  Yossef Romano, Israeli weightlifter (b. 1940)
 1972  Moshe Weinberg, Israeli wrestling coach (b. 1939)
 1973  Jack Fourier, American baseball player (b. 1899)
 1979  Alberto di Jorio, Italian cardinal (b. 1884)
 1982  Douglas Bader, British fighter pilot (b. 1910)
 1984  Adam Malik, 3rd Vice President of Indonesia (b. 1917)
 1988  Gert Fröbe, actor (b. 1913)
 1990  Ivan Mihailov, Bulgarian revolutionary and leader of the IMRO (b. 1896)
 1993  Claude Renoir, French cinematographer (b. 1914)
 1997  Georg Solti, conductor (b. 1912)
 1997  Mother Teresa, Albanian nun and development worker (b. 1910)
 1998  Leo Penn, American director (b. 1921)
 1999  Alan Clark, English politician and historian (b. 1928)

From 2001 
 2001  Vladimir Zerjavic, Croat UN statistician (b. 1912)
 2003  Gisele MacKenzie, singer (b. 1927)
 2010  Shoya Tomizawa, Japanese motorcycle racer (b. 1990)
 2010  Guillaume Cornelis van Beverloo, Belgian-born artist (b. 1922)
 2011  Salvatore Licitra, Italian tenor (b. 1968)
 2011  Vann Nath, Cambodian painter (b. 1946)
 2013  Rochus Misch, German SS officer (b. 1917)
 2014  Ron Mulock, Australian politician (b. 1930)
 2014  Eoin Young, New Zealand journalist (b. 1939)
 2014  Simone Battle, American actress, singer and dancer (b. 1989)
 2014  Bruce Morton, American news correspondent (b. 1930)
 2014  Karel Cerny, Czech art director and producer (b. 1922)
 2015  Aadesh Shrivastava, Indian composer and singer (b. 1966)
 2015  Alan Steel, Italian bodybuilder and actor (b. 1935)
 2015  Setsuko Hara, Japanese actress (b. 1920)
 2016  Hugh O'Brian, American actor (b. 1925)
 2016  Phyllis Schlafly, American political commentator (b. 1924)
 2017  Nicolaas Bloembergen, Dutch-American physicist (b. 1920)
 2017  Gauri Lankesh, Indian journalist and political activist (b. 1962)
 2017  Tom Wright, American baseball player (b. 1923)
 2017  Holger Czukay, German musician (b. 1938)
 2017  Christie Davies, British sociologist (b. 1941)
 2017  Hansford Rowe, American actor (b. 1924)
 2018  Rachael Bland, British journalist (b. 1978)
 2018  François Flohic, French admiral (b. 1920)
 2018  Mike Hogewood, American sportscaster (b. 1954)
 2018  Beatriz Segall, Brazilian actress (b. 1926)
 2018  Bhagwatikumar Sharma, Indian writer and journalist (b. 1934)
 2019  Ji Guobiao, Chinese engineer (b. 1932)
 2019  Kiran Nagarkar, Indian novelist (b. 1942)
 2019  Francisco Toledo, Mexican artist (b. 1940)

Observances 
 Teachers' Day (India)
 Architects' Day (Guatemala)
 International Day of Charity

September 05