alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Per ardua ad astra

is a Latin phrase meaning "through adversity to the stars" or "through struggle to the stars" that is the official motto of the Royal Air Force and other Commonwealth air forces such as the Royal Australian Air Force and Royal New Zealand Air Force, as well as the Royal Indian Air Force until 1947. The Royal Canadian Air Force used it until 1968, when it adopted the motto , a similar phrase meaning "such is the pathway to the stars". It dates from 1912, when it was adopted by the newly formed Royal Flying Corps.

Origin

The first Commanding Officer of the Royal Flying Corps (Military Wing) was Colonel Frederick Sykes. He asked his officers to come up with a motto for the new service; one which would produce a strong esprit de corps.

Not long after this, two junior officers were walking from the Officers' Mess at Farnborough to Cody's Shed on Laffan Plain. As they walked they discussed the problem of the motto and one of them, Lieutenant J. S. Yule, mentioned the phrase Sic itur ad Astra, from Virgil. He then expanded on this with the phrase Per Ardua ad Astra, which he translated as, "Through Struggles to the Stars." Colonel Sykes approved of this as the motto and forwarded it to the War Office. It was then submitted to King George V, who approved its adoption.

Yule is believed to have borrowed the phrase from Sir Henry Rider Haggard's fantasy novel The People of the Mist (1894). The first chapter includes the sentence: "To his right were two stately gates of iron fantastically wrought, supported by stone pillars on whose summit stood griffins of black marble embracing coats of arms and banners inscribed with the device 'Per Ardua ad Astra. It is possible that Rider Haggard had taken it from the Irish family of Mulvany, who had used it as their family motto for centuries, translating it as "Through Struggles to the Stars".

There is no single definitive translation, as both "ardua" and "astra" can carry a range of associations. The Royal Air Force and other Commonwealth air forces most often translate it as "Through Adversity to the Stars".

Variants

The motto of the Royal Air Force Regiment omits the ad astra part, becoming simply per ardua. Conversely, the name of the building that originally housed the Air Ministry, became Adastral House, based only on 'ad astra. The Royal Canadian Air Force and other entities including the Colombian Air Force use the similar motto , and the South African Air Force uses per aspera ad astra.

See also
Per aspera ad astra, a motto with a similar translation
Ad astra (phrase), other similar phrases

References

Latin mottos
Military mottos
Royal Air Force
Bury Knowsley Street railway station

Bury Knowsley Street is a former railway station in Bury.

History

The station was first opened by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway on 1 May 1848 (as the eastern terminus of the Liverpool and Bury Railway) originally being named simply Bury.  Services ran east to  and  and west to  and  (and also towards Chorley, Liverpool and Preston).  There was also a connection from here northwards to neighbouring Bolton Street station on the East Lancashire Railway line from Clifton Junction to Bacup and Accrington. The station was renamed twice: to Bury Market Place in February 1866, and to Bury Knowsley Street in 1888. The line and station were closed on 5 October 1970 as part of continuing cutbacks in British Rail services and the line west to Bolton subsequently dismantled.

Accident
On 19 January 1952, the station footbridge collapsed under the weight of a large crowd entering the station following a football match. Two people were killed and 173 injured when the metal struts supporting the bridge's footway failed. No trains were in the station at the time.

The accident report determined that while the bridge's design was adequate, it had been inadequately maintained and the metal struts which failed had almost certainly required replacement for 10 or 15 years prior to the accident.

Current
There is no physical trace of the station buildings (which were demolished soon after passenger services ended) or the disused platforms (these survived until the early 1990s).  The line from Bury Bolton Street to Heywood through the station site was reopened in 2003 by the East Lancashire Railway.  This had stayed open to freight (along with the old ELR route to Rawtenstall) until December 1980 and had previously (from March 1980 until final closure) crossed what is now the Manchester Metrolink line to Bury Interchange (though it was still BR-operated at that time) on the level.  In order to reopen the route, a bridge (with steep approach gradients on either side known locally as the ski-jump) was constructed in the early 1990s and opened to traffic in July 2003 to carry the ELR line over the Metrolink and this now occupies the old station site.

The route towards Bolton is now overgrown and derelict and has been blocked at Bradley Fold by a housing development.

References

External links
Railscot - Photos of Bury Knowsley Street

Disused railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1970
Buildings and structures in Bury, Greater Manchester
1952 disasters in the United Kingdom
Everett Shelton

Everett F. Shelton (May 12, 1898 – April 16, 1974) was an American basketball coach in the 1940s and 1950s. Shelton played quarterback for the Phillips University football team. The Cunningham, Kansas native coached 46 years at the high school, college and Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) levels and compiled an 850–437 record. He is mostly known for coaching the Wyoming Cowboys men's basketball team from 1939 to 1959. While at Wyoming, Shelton had a record of 328 wins and 201 losses for a .620 winning percentage. He guided the Cowboys to eight Mountain States / Skyline Conference championships and seven NCAA Tournament appearances. During his career, he was President of the National Association of Basketball Coaches.  He was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1980.

Shelton's 1942–43 Wyoming Cowboys basketball team won the fifth NCAA basketball tournament. Shelton nearly won the national championship at Sacramento State College, where his Hornets lost in overtime to Mount St. Mary's in the 1962 NCAA College Division basketball tournament.

Head coaching record

Basketball

Football

See also
 List of NCAA Division I Men's Final Four appearances by coach

References

External links
 

1898 births
1974 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
American football quarterbacks
Basketball coaches from Kansas
Basketball players from Kansas
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
High school basketball coaches in the United States
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
People from Kingman County, Kansas
Phillips Haymakers athletic directors
Phillips Haymakers football coaches
Phillips Haymakers football players
Phillips Haymakers men's basketball coaches
Phillips Haymakers men's basketball players
Wyoming Cowboys and Cowgirls athletic directors
Wyoming Cowboys baseball coaches
Wyoming Cowboys basketball coaches
Professor Jamil

Professor Jamil is a municipality in south-central Goiás state, Brazil. The population was 3,203 (2020) in a total area of 347.4 km2.

Geographical information
Located 66 kilometers south of the state capital, Goiânia, on BR-153, Professor Jamil has boundaries with the following municipalities:
north:  Hidrolândia;
south:  Mairipotaba and Piracanjuba;
east:  Piracanjuba;
west:  Cromínia and Mairipotaba

In road connections there are two state highways and several local roads linking the rural area to the town.  The most important interstate highway of the state—BR153—crosses the municipality from north to south, connecting Professor Jamil to all the regions of Brazil.

History
The origin of the town goes back to 1942 when a group of people got together and built a football field.  Soon the first grocery store appeared.  The first mass was prayed in 1952 when the settlement was called Campo Limpo.  Soon it became a district of Piracanjuba and was emancipated in 1991 with the name, Professor Jamil, in homage to one of the first pioneers, Jamil Salim Safady, of Lebanese origin.

Demographics
Population density: 9.49 inhabitants/km2 (2007)
Urban population: 2,342(2007)
Rural population: 956 (2007)
Population growth or loss:  -0.45% from 2000/2007

The Economy
The economy is based on agriculture, cattle raising, services, public administration, and small transformation industries. There is also a poultry industry, swine raising and extraction of sand.
Industrial units: 0 (2007)
Commercial units: 41 (2007)
Bank agencies: none (June 2005)
Dairies: - Indústria de Laticínios Boa Nova Ltda  (22/05/2006)
Cattle herd: 40,290 head (2006)
Main crops (2006):  rice and corn.
Number of agricultural establishments: 299
Area of agricultural establishments: 34,943 ha. 
Area of crops: 2,335 ha. 
Area of natural pasture: 28,310 ha. 
Persons working in agriculture: 835
Farms with tractors. 54 IBGE

Education (2006)
Schools: 5 with 1,011 students
Higher education: none
Adult literacy rate: 83.7% (2000) (national average was 86.4%)

Health (2007)
Hospitals: 0
Hospital beds: 0
Ambulatory clinics: 1
Infant mortality rate: 27.9 (2000) (national average was 33.0).

Municipal Human Development Index
MHDI:  0.736
State ranking:  123 (out of 242 municipalities)
National ranking:  2,229 (out of 5,507 municipalities) For the complete list see frigoletto.com.br

See also 
List of municipalities in Goiás

References

Frigoletto
 Sepin

Municipalities in Goiás
3rd Visual Effects Society Awards

3rd Visual Effects Society Awards
February 16, 2005

Best Visual Effects - Motion Picture: 
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

The 3rd Visual Effects Society Awards, given  on 16 February 2005 at the Hollywood Palladium, honored the best visual effects in film and television of 2004. An edited version of the ceremony was broadcast on HD Net.

Winners and nominees
(Winners in bold)

Honorary Awards
Lifetime Achievement Award:
Robert Zemeckis

George Melies Award for Pioneering:
Robert Abel

Board of Directors Award:
Don Shay

Film

Television

Other categories

References

External links
 Visual Effects Society

2004
Visual Effects Society Awards
Visual Effects Society Awards
Visual Effects Society Awards
Visual Effects Society Awards
Bury Market

Bury Market is an open-air market in the town of Bury, Greater Manchester, England.  It consists of a large market hall, with extensive stalls outside, selling fruit, flowers, clothing, hardware and groceries.

A new fish and meat market hall was constructed in the 1990s on the site of a former National Westminster Bank. The market opens on Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays, and attracts visitors from miles around. It is famed for its black pudding stalls and is near Bury's main shopping centre, Mill Gate. The open air market is only open on Wednesday, Friday and Saturday but the indoor market is open every day except Sunday.

References

External links
Official site

Buildings and structures in Bury, Greater Manchester
Retail markets in England
Tourist attractions in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury
Saghir Akhtar

Saghir Akhtar  is professor of pharmacology in the College of Medicine, Qatar University,  and editor in chief of the Journal of Drug Targeting.

Early life and education
Akhtar obtained a First Class honours degree in Pharmacy from the Leicester School of Pharmacy and his PhD degree from the University of Bath.

Academic career
From 1990-1991, he held a post-doctoral fellowship at UNC Medical School at Chapel Hill, North Carolina. He began his independent academic career at Aston University, firstly as lecturer from 1991–1997 and then as Reader in Pharmaceutical Sciences (1997–1999). He led a team studying DNA chip technology with a hope of combatting a form of brain cancer known as glioma. In 1997, he was a visiting fellow with Ed Southern in the Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University. He later became professor of Drug Delivery in the Welsh School of Pharmacy and Director for the Centre for Genome-based Therapeutics, Cardiff University, UK (2002–2006). More recently he was Professor of Pharmacology at Kuwait University Faculty of Medicine (2007-2017) where he also served as Director of the Graduate program.

He is the winner of the Lilly Prize (1996), the Pfizer Academic Award (1997), the British Pharmaceutical Conference Science Medal (1998), the Controlled Release Society (USA) Young Investigator Research Achievement Award (2001) and the Kappa Society Science Award (2005).

His current research interests include studying molecular pharmacology and signal transduction pathways involved in diabetes and/or hypertension-induced cardiovascular dysfunction, and understanding the biological and pharmaceutical challenges associated with the development of gene silencing nucleic acids (RNA interference/ siRNA/ antisense oligonucleotides) as potential therapeutic agents; and c) studying the toxicogenomics of novel drugs and non-viral drug delivery systems. Akhtar has also provided health advice for fasting during Ramadan.

References 

Alumni of the University of Bath
Academics of Aston University
Living people
Medical journal editors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academic staff of Qatar University
Shuttarna

Shuttarna is the name of several Mitanni rulers:
Shuttarna I, reigned in the early 15th century BCE
Shuttarna II, reigned in the early 14th century BCE
Shuttarna III, reigned for a short period in the 14th century BCE
Frederik's Church

Frederik's Church (), popularly known as The Marble Church () for its rococo architecture, is an Evangelical Lutheran church in Copenhagen, Denmark. The church forms the focal point of the Frederiksstaden district; it is located due west of Amalienborg Palace.

History and description
The church was designed by the architect Nicolai Eigtved in 1740 and was along with the rest of Frederiksstaden, a district of Copenhagen, intended to commemorate the 300 years jubilee of the first coronation of a member of the House of Oldenburg.

Frederick's Church has the largest church dome in Scandinavia with a span of 31 m. The dome rests on 12 columns. The inspiration was probably St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.

The foundation stone was set by king Frederick V on October 31, 1749, but the construction was slowed by budget cuts and the death of Eigtved in 1754. In 1770, the original plans for the church were abandoned by Johann Friedrich Struensee. The church was left incomplete and, in spite of several initiatives to complete it, stood as a ruin for nearly 150 years.

In 1874, Andreas Frederik Krieger, Denmark's Finance Minister at the time, sold the ruins of the uncompleted church and the church square to Carl Frederik Tietgen for 100,000 Rigsdaler — none of which was to be paid in cash — on the condition that Tietgen would build a church in a style similar to the original plans and donate it to the state when complete, while in turn he acquired the rights to subdivide neighboring plots for development. 
   
The deal was at the time highly controversial. On 25 January 1877, a case was brought by the Folketing at the Court of Impeachment (), Krieger being charged with corruption over this deal. He was, however, eventually acquitted.

Tietgen got Ferdinand Meldahl to design the church in its final form and financed its construction. Due to financial restrictions, the original plans for the church to be built almost entirely from marble were discarded, and instead Meldahl opted for construction to be done with limestone. The church was finally opened to the public on August 19, 1894.

Inscribed in gold lettering on the entablature of the front portico are the words: HERRENS ORD BLIVER EVINDELIG (Danish: the word of the Lord endureth for ever – 1 Peter 1:25, KJV).

A series of statues of prominent theologians and ecclesiastical figures, including one of the eminent Danish philosopher Kierkegaard (who, incidentally, had become very critical of the established church by the end of his life), encircles the grounds of the building.

Architecture and notable features

References

External links

Official website

Lutheran churches in Copenhagen
19th-century Church of Denmark churches
Church buildings with domes
Rococo architecture in Denmark
18th-century Lutheran churches
Tourist attractions in Copenhagen
Zinc sculptures in Denmark
Churches in the Diocese of Copenhagen
18th-century churches in Denmark
Shuttarna III

Shuttarna III was a Mitanni king who reigned for a short period in the 14th century BC. He was the son of Artatama II, a usurper to the throne of Tushratta.

At that time, Assyria, led by Ashur-uballit I, became more powerful. But also Babylon, led by Burnaburiash II, was a rival. The events of this period are reflected in the Amarna correspondence.

Shuttarna sought support from the Assyrians, but was defeated when a Hittite army marched towards the capital and installed Shattiwaza on the throne.

See also

Mitanni

References

Hurrian kings
14th-century BC people
Maekawa's algorithm

Maekawa's algorithm is an algorithm for mutual exclusion on a distributed system. The basis of this algorithm is a quorum-like approach where any one site needs only to seek permissions from a subset of other sites.

Algorithm

Terminology 
 A site is any computing device which runs the Maekawa's algorithm
 For any one request of entering the critical section:
 The requesting site is the site which is requesting to enter the critical section.
 The receiving site is every other site which is receiving the request from the requesting site.
 ts refers to the local time stamp of the system according to its logical clock

Algorithm
Requesting site:
 A requesting site  sends a message  to all sites in its quorum set .

Receiving site:
 Upon reception of a  message, the receiving site  will:
 If site  does not have an outstanding  message (that is, a  message that has not been released), then site  sends a  message to site .
 If site  has an outstanding  message with a process with higher priority than the request, then site  sends a  message to site  and site  queues the request from site .
 If site  has an outstanding  message with a process with lower priority than the request, then site  sends an  message to the process which has currently been granted access to the critical section by site . (That is, the site with the outstanding  message.)
 Upon reception of a  message, the site  will:
 Send a  message to site  if and only if site  has received a  message from some other site or if  has sent a yield to some other site but have not received a new .
 Upon reception of a  message, site  will:
 Send a  message to the request on the top of its own request queue. Note that the requests at the top are the highest priority.
 Place  into its request queue.
 Upon reception of a  message, site  will:
 Delete  from its request queue.
 Send a  message to the request on the top of its request queue.

Critical section:
 Site  enters the critical section on receiving a  message from all sites in .
 Upon exiting the critical section,  sends a  message to all sites in .

Quorum set ():
A quorum set must abide by the following properties:
 
 
 
 Site  is contained in exactly  request sets

Therefore:

Performance
 Number of network messages;  to 
 Synchronization delay: 2 message propagation delays
 The algorithm can deadlock without protections in place.

See also
 Lamport's bakery algorithm
 Lamport's Distributed Mutual Exclusion Algorithm
 Ricart–Agrawala algorithm
 Raymond's algorithm

References

 M. Maekawa, "A √N algorithm for mutual exclusion in decentralized systems”, ACM 
Transactions in Computer Systems, vol. 3., no. 2., pp. 145–159, 1985.
 Mamoru Maekawa, Arthur E. Oldehoeft, Rodney R. Oldehoeft (1987). Operating Systems: Advanced Concept. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc.
 B. Sanders (1987). The Information Structure of Distributed Mutual Exclusion Algorithms. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 145–59.

Concurrency control algorithms
Shuttarna I

Shuttarna I was an early king of the Mitanni. His name is recorded on a seal found at Alalakh. The inscription reads "son of Kirta" and is the only reference about this king yet discovered. He would have reigned at the end of 16th century BC (middle chronology).

See also

Mitanni

References

Hurrian kings
15th-century BC people
Patricio Noriega

Patricio Noriega (born 22 October 1971, Argentina) is a former Argentine rugby union footballer who played prop. He started his career in local club Hindu and had his test debut for Los Pumas in 1991 against Paraguay. After playing two Rugby World Cup's (1991 and 1995) he then migrated to Australia to join Super 12 team the ACT Brumbies in 1996. After a couple of seasons, he was offered to play for the Wallabies and made his debut against France in 1998. However, he suffered a shoulder injury on the eve of the 1999 Rugby World Cup and was unable to play for his new national team in their victorious campaign. In 2000 he played for French team Stade Français before joining another Super 12 team, the New South Wales Waratahs in Sydney the following year. He played his final Wallabies test in 2003 against South Africa and in March 2004 he retired due to a chronic back injury.
He was capped 25 times for the Argentine Pumas and 24 times for the Australian Wallabies.

After returning to Argentina he became head coach of his former club Hindú, leading them to win the National Clubs Championship in 2005.

External links 
Noriega to start for Waratahs
Noriega out of Wallabies squad

1971 births
Argentine rugby union players
Australian rugby union players
Australia international rugby union players
ACT Brumbies players
New South Wales Waratahs players
Rugby union props
Living people
Stade Français Paris players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Argentina international rugby union players
Argentine emigrants to Australia
Rugby union players from Buenos Aires
1995 Rugby World Cup players
1999 Rugby World Cup players
Franco Niell

Franco Niell (born May 22, 1983, in Trelew, Chubut) is an Argentine football striker.

Career

Niell is of Scottish descent. Niell joined the Argentinos Juniors youth system in 2001, and debuted professionally on April 12, 2004. In his first match he came on as a substitute for Gustavo Oberman, and scored a goal in the 3–1 victory over Colón de Santa Fe.

On January 22, 2008, he signed on loan with D.C. United. His first appearance for United was against Harbour View FC in the 2008 CONCACAF Champions Cup.  On June 26, 2008, he was waived by D.C. United.

On July 12, 2009, coming from the bench in the 18 m. of the ST, he scored arguably two of the most important goals of his career when he scored 2 goals with his team Gimnasia La Plata in the last minutes of the game (44 & 46 ST), goals that allowed Gimnasia to remain in the first division of the Argentinian League. Gimmnasia was playing with 9 men and needed 2 goals to keep the category against Atlético de Rafaela, team that did beat them 3–0 in the first match. The two goals were headers.

In 2009 Niell was loaned to Deportivo Quito of Ecuador, and in 2011 he was loaned back to Querétaro F.C. of Mexico.

References

External links
  
 Guardian statistics
 

1983 births
Living people
People from Trelew
Footballers from Chubut Province
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Argentinos Juniors footballers
Argentine people of Scottish descent
D.C. United players
Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata footballers
S.D. Quito footballers
Querétaro F.C. footballers
Guillermo Brown de Puerto Madryn footballers
Figueirense FC players
Rosario Central footballers
Quilmes Atlético Club footballers
Barracas Central players
Argentine Primera División players
Major League Soccer players
Ecuadorian Serie A players
Liga MX players
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Brazil
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Ecuador
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's footballers in Brazil
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Expatriate men's footballers in Ecuador
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Marble Church

Marble Church may refer to:

 Frederik's Church, Copenhagen, Denmark
 Marble Church, Bodelwyddan, Wales

See also
 Marble Collegiate Church, New York
 Marble Community Church, Colorado
The East Coast Angels

The East Coast Angels were one of Ireland's early punk groups, forming in Dublin in the 1970s. Their output has been chronicled in Henrik Poulsen's book, 77: The Year of Punk and New Wave.

External links
East Coast Angels entry in The Irish Punk & New Wave Discography

Irish punk rock groups
Bury Interchange

Bury Interchange is a transport hub in the town of Bury, Greater Manchester, England. Opened in 1980, it is the northern terminus of the Manchester Metrolink's Bury Line, which prior to 1992 was a heavy-rail line. It also incorporates a bus station.

History
Bury Interchange was opened by British Rail in March 1980, integrating a new bus station with the northern terminus of the Bury-to-Manchester heavy railway line, a new short spur line was constructed to connect the new station. The railway had originally run into Bury Bolton Street which was further away from the town centre, and was closed by British Rail on the same day that Bury Interchange opened; Bury Bolton Street is now operated by the heritage East Lancashire Railway. The railway was redeveloped in the early-1990s to become part of the Manchester Metrolink network in 1992, forming the northern terminus. The interchange is managed by Transport for Greater Manchester and has recently been refurbished, improving facilities and security for passengers.

Metrolink services

Service pattern 
Services mostly run every 12 minutes on 2 routes, forming a 6-minute service between Bury and Manchester at peak times.

Bus services
The majority of services are run by Go North West, Rosso and Diamond North West, with some services run by Vision Bus. Now-defunct operators which have run services to or from the interchange in the past have included Ribble Motor Services, Crosville Motor Services, Yelloway Motor Services, Bee Line Buzz Company, Burnley & Pendle, Bolton Coachways, Mayne Coaches, Citibus Tours, Shearings, Blue Bus & Coach Services, Maytree Travel, JPT and First Greater Manchester.

There are frequent buses running to Manchester, Rochdale, Bolton, Middleton and Rawtenstall plus several parts of the Bury area including Heywood, Radcliffe, Ramsbottom and Tottington. Buses also run from Bury to Salford, Blackburn and Burnley.

Gallery

References

External links

 Metrolink Stop Information
 Bury Metrolink area map
 Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive
 TheTrams.co.uk: Metrolink, Bury
 First Manchester
 Easyride Buses

Bus stations in Greater Manchester
Tram stops in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury
Railway stations opened by British Rail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1980
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1991
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1992
Tram stops on the Altrincham to Bury line
Tram stops on the Bury to Ashton-under-Lyne line
Buildings and structures in Bury, Greater Manchester
West Layton

West Layton is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England, close to the border with County Durham and a few miles west of Darlington.

History
The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book as belonging to Count Alan, and as having 16 villagers, a  meadow, one fishery and two churches. Formerly in the wapentake of Gilling West and the parish of Hutton Magna, the village is now in Richmondshire in North Yorkshire. The name of Layton is historically recorded as Laston, Lastun and Latton, and means the town where the leeks are grown.

The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 Census was less than 100. Details are included with the parish of East Layton. In 2015, North Yorkshire County Council estimated that the population of the village was 40.

References

External links

Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire
East Layton

East Layton is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England, close to the border with County Durham and a few miles west of Darlington.

The racehorse Crisp is interred there.

Demographics
East Layton, considered a parish, is situated a few miles west of the town of Darlington. 
In the 1870s, East Layton was described as
"township, Stan wick and Melsonby pars., North-Riding Yorkshire, 5½ miles N. of Richmond, 1072 ac., pop. 156. " by John Bartholomew.
Today, East Layton has a population of 117, according to the 2011 census.

History

Church

The parish is home to a Grade II listed Church, believed to have been constructed in 1895. It was given its listed title in 1969, similar to that of East Layton Hall. Formerly named 'Chapel of Ease' has got a bell tower, but not a steeple.

East Layton Hall
East Layton Hall is a Grade II listed building. The manor house and attached garden date back to around 1623.  The North Yorkshire Cleveland Vernacular Buildings study group report records have shown that in the late 19th century, the building was an inn, called the Layton Arms. Although the internal of the building has not been inspected, English Heritage have noted that there is a chamfered basket-arched fireplace with two chimneys at the north end of the building. East Layton Hall was registered as a Grade II listed building on 4 February 1969.
Location; 3 Forcett Close, East Layton, North Yorkshire, DL11 7PG.

Racehorse "Crisp"
In the history of horse racing, dubbed the 'most unlucky horse', "Crisp" was laid to rest in East Layton. He died after an accident hunting, and was buried at the entrance of the owner, Sir Chester Manifold's estate in East Layton. Sir Chester Manifold was an Australian politician and philanthropist. Crisp was in the running to win the 1973 Grand National, but tired out quickly in the last stretch, being beaten by a three quarters of a length. However, despite a defeat, Crisp had outrun the Grand National completion time, by a full 20 seconds, deservedly gaining a place in the history books.

Employment

The biggest employer within East Layton and for other surrounding areas, was the mineral extraction site which has been in East Layton since the 1800s and is now owned and managed by Hanson Aggregates. Forcett Quarry lies north-west of the village of East Layton, with residential properties situated  from the quarry perimeter. It was originally owned by Tilcon (North) Ltd, and was acquired by Hanson Quarry Products Europe in September 2000. With an original extension of the site in 1993, to alter the entrance of the quarry to the west of East Layton village, to prevent disturbance to the village and its inhabitants. A further extension plan was submitted to the Richmondshire Planning Council in 2007, of which was declined by the council due to objections from local residents, with concerns of noise and property damage from blasts.

References

External links

Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire
LWD

LWD may refer to:
 Large woody debris
 Logging while drilling, on oil wells
 Lotnicze Warsztaty Doświadczalne, a Polish aerospace manufacturer
 Leigh Warren and Dancers, now Dance Hub SA, Australian contemporary dance company
Wilson Lee Flores

Wilson Lee Flores is a Philippine writer, real-estate entrepreneur, and economic and geopolitical analyst.

He has won 15 Catholic Mass Media Awards (CMMA) for his Philippine Star newspaper columns and three Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature. He has also been honored with three CMMA Hall of Fame Awards, including CMMA Hall of Fame Awards for "Best Opinion Column" and "Best Business Column". He writes a Tagalog column "Kuwentong Panadero" for Philippine Star Group's mass-market Pilipino Star Ngayon tabloid.

In December 2013, he bought the Kamuning Bakery-Café of Quezon City. He is moderator of the café's non-partisan and tertulia-inspired "Pandesal Forum", where leaders dialog with media. Since 2015, Flores has led the Kamuning Bakery-Café in celebrating "World Pandesal Day" every October 16 (globally known as "World Bread Day" and "World Food Day"). "World Pandesal Day" is celebrated in order to honor the Philippines' most popular bread  and as a reminder of the need to solve the age-old problem of hunger.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Filipino people of Chinese descent
Filipino columnists
Filipino activists
Geopoliticians
21st-century Filipino businesspeople
Kenny Robinson (baseball)

Kenneth Neal Robinson (November 3, 1969 – February 28, 1999) was an American professional baseball pitcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays (1995, 1997) and Kansas City Royals (1996). Listed at 5' 9", 175 lb., Robinson batted and threw right-handed. 

A native of Barberton, Ohio, Robinson played college baseball for Florida State University. In 1991, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Brewster Whitecaps of the Cape Cod Baseball League. Robinson was selected by the Blue Jays in the 10th round (276th overall) of the 1991 Major League Baseball draft.

Over the course of Robinson’s three-season major league career, he posted a 2–2 record, with a 3.91 earned run average (ERA), while recording no saves (SV) in one save opportunity (SVO), across 29 pitching appearances, all in relief.

Robinson was signed by the Arizona Diamondbacks on February 17, 1998. He died in Tucson, Arizona in a traffic collision during spring training on February 28, 1999. Robinson was 29. A teammate, minor leaguer John Rosengren, had been driving the vehicle involved in the accident; he was charged with second-degree murder due to being under the influence of alcohol. Key evidence in the case was thrown out because police did not allow Rosengren to call his father (who was an attorney) after the collision, and he returned to playing baseball.

Sources

External links

Kenny Robinson at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League)

1969 births
1999 deaths
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Arizona League Diamondbacks players
Baseball players from Ohio
Brewster Whitecaps players
Cardenales de Lara players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Cleveland State Vikings baseball players
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Florida State Seminoles baseball players
FSC Jacksonville Blue Wave baseball players
Hagerstown Suns players
Kansas City Royals players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Medicine Hat Blue Jays players
Myrtle Beach Hurricanes players
Omaha Royals players
People from Barberton, Ohio
Sportspeople from Summit County, Ohio
Road incident deaths in Arizona
Syracuse Chiefs players
Toronto Blue Jays players
The Outsiders (British band)

The Outsiders were an English punk rock group, formed in 1975 in Wimbledon, England and consisting of singer-guitarist Adrian Borland, bass guitarist Bob Lawrence and drummer Adrian "Jan" Janes. In 1978 Graham "Green" Bailey replaced Lawrence at the bass and then he and Borland would go on to form the critically successful post-punk band the Sound. However, in sharp contrast with them, The Outsiders’ music received generally negative reviews.

History 
The Outsiders formed in Wimbledon, London, England in 1975 . They were originally called "Syndrome" but changed their name to the Outsiders in 1976, inspired by Albert Camus' novel The Outsider.

Their debut studio album, Calling on Youth, was self-released on their Raw Edge label in May 1977, and won them unfavourable reviews: "Apple-cheeked Ade has a complexion that would turn a Devon milkmaid green with envy", reported Julie Burchill of the New Musical Express. It was the first self-released punk album in the UK.
 
The band released an EP in November 1977, One to Infinity. NME writer Tony Parsons commented: "tuneless, gormless, gutless... I like them a lot". The EP was praised in a less contradictory manner by other critics, including Mick Mercer.

A second album, Close Up, was released in 1979. This received better, but still cautious, reviews from the press. A NME review concluded that it was a patchy album, but from "a band with a future".

After this album, Lawrence and Janes left, and Borland went on to front the critically successful post-punk group the Sound.

Borland died 26 April 1999.

In 1993, Three Lines Records issued the Vital Years compilation.

Discography

Studio albums
 Calling on Youth (1977, Raw Edge Records)
 Close Up (1978, Raw Edge Records)

EPs
 One to Infinity (1977, Raw Edge Records)

Compilation albums
 Vital Years (1993, Three Lines Records)

References 

Outsiders, The (British band)
Musical groups from the London Borough of Merton
Westbury-on-Severn

Westbury-on-Severn is a rural village in England that is the centre of the large, rural parish, also called Westbury-on-Severn.

Location

The village is situated on the A48 road (between Minsterworth and Newnham on Severn) and bounded by the River Severn to the south and west. Westbury is also bounded to the West by the Newport to Gloucester railway line, although Westbury does not have a railway station, the closest stations being Gloucester and Lydney.

Westbury is just over a mile long and has one only housing estate to the south of the main A48 road which was constructed in the 1980s. The village also has a primary school, post office cum village store, a pub "The Lyon" and dentist surgery. 
Geoff Sterry, a coal and solid fuel merchant, is also based in the village.

Westbury falls within the District of the Forest of Dean although the forest itself does not extend to the village.

The village has a large parish church, which is distinctive, as the steeple is not attached to the main building because of a fire which burned down the old wooden building soon after the new steeple was completed. Within the porch of the church are several markings of crosses and full crosses made during the English Civil War. The north porch and north aisle are the oldest parts of the church, having been built around 1290.

Just to the East of the village centre is the National Trust owned Westbury Court Garden.

Transport Links

The village is served by three regular bus services, operated by Stagecoach: the 22 service between Coleford in the Forest of Dean and Gloucester and by the 23 service between Lydney and Gloucester.

Notable people
See :Category:People from Westbury-on-Severn

See also
 Westbury Court Garden

References

External links
photos of Westbury-on-Severn and surrounding area on geograph

Villages in Gloucestershire
Forest of Dean
Civil parishes in Gloucestershire
Gokhale Hall

The Gopal Krishna Gokhale Hall is a public hall situated in Armenian Street, Georgetown, Chennai. It was constructed by Annie Besant in  1915 as the headquarters of the Young Men's Indian Association.

History 
The Gokhale Hall was founded as the Young Men's Indian Association Hall by theosophist and Indian independence activist Annie Besant, the Theosophist, social reformer and Indian nationalist. in 1915. Annie Besant announced the formation of the Home Rule League in 1916 at the hall. It was later renamed as Gopal Krishna Gokhale Hall after Indian leader Gopal Krishna Gokhale, founder of the Servants of India Society, patriot, social reformer and a pioneer in education.

In later days, Gokhale Hall served as a venue for music concerts. The Tamil Isai Sangam functioned from Gokhale Hall from 1944 to 1953.

References 

  

Buildings and structures in Chennai
City and town halls in India
2005 American Society of Cinematographers Awards

The 20th American Society of Cinematographers Awards were held on February 26, 2006, honoring the best cinematographers of film and television in 2005.

Winners and nominees

Film
Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases
 Dion Beebe – Memoirs of a Geisha
 Robert Elswit – Good Night, and Good Luck.
 Andrew Lesnie – King Kong
 Wally Pfister – Batman Begins
 Rodrigo Prieto – Brokeback Mountain

Television
Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Miniseries, Pilot, or Television Film
 Warm Springs – Robbie Greenberg
 Code Breakers – Thomas Del Ruth
 Faith of My Fathers – Bill Roe
 Into the West (Episode: "Wheel to the Stars") – Alan Caso
 Reefer Madness: The Movie Musical – Jan Kiesser

Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Episodic TV Series
 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (Episode: "Who Shot Sherlock?") – Nathan Hope
 Carnivàle (Episode: "Los Moscos") – Jeffrey Jur
 Las Vegas (Episode: "Everything Old Is You Again") – John Newby
 Smallville (Episode: "Sacred") – Glen Winter
 Without a Trace (Episode: "Freefall") – John B. Aronson

References

2005
2005 film awards
2005 guild awards
2005 television awards
American
Costume Designers Guild Awards 2005

8th CDG Awards
February 26, 2006

Contemporary: 
 Transamerica 

Fantasy: 
 The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe 

Period: 
 Memoirs of a Geisha 
The 8th Costume Designers Guild Awards, given on February 26, 2006, honored the best costume designs in film and television for 2005. Winners highlighted in bold.

Winners and nominees

Film
 Contemporary Film:
  Danny Glicker – Transamerica
 Paul Simmons – Hustle & Flow
 Michael Kaplan – Mr. & Mrs. Smith
 Nancy Steiner – Shopgirl
 Louise Frogley – Syriana

 Fantasy Film:
  Isis Mussenden – The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
 Lindy Hemming – Batman Begins
 Gabriella Pescucci – Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
 Trisha Biggar – Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith

 Period Film:
  Colleen Atwood – Memoirs of a Geisha
 Kasia Walicka-Maimone – Capote
 Louise Frogley – Good Night, and Good Luck.
 Aggie Guerard Rodgers – Rent
 Arianne Phillips – Walk the Line

Television
 Contemporary Series:
  Six Feet Under - Jill M. Ohanneson
 Alias - Laura Goldsmith
 Arrested Development - Katie Sparks
 Desperate Housewives - Catherine Adair
 Nip/Tuck - Lou Eyrich

 Fantasy or Period Series:
  Rome - April Ferry 
 Carnivàle - Chrisi Karvonides-Dushenko
 Cold Case - Patia Prouty
 Deadwood - Katherine Jane Bryant
 That '70s Show - Melina Root

 Miniseries or Television Film:
  Elvis - Eduardo Castro 
 Empire Falls - Donna Zakowska
 Lackawanna Blues - Hope Hanafin
 Their Eyes Were Watching God - Eduardo Castro
 Warm Springs - Hope Hanafin

External links
 Costume Designers Guild 8th Annual Awards

Costume Designers Guild Awards
2005 film awards
2005 television awards
2005 guild awards
2005 in fashion
2006 in American cinema
2006 in American television
Blairlogie

Blairlogie is a village in the Stirling council area of Scotland, situated at the base of the great southern rock-face of Dumyat between Stirling and Menstrie.

Blairlogie, formerly Blair, forms part of Logie parish, formerly in Perthshire, and the ancient Logie Kirk lies to the west. It comprises mainly 17th-19th century cottages and was one of central Scotland's earliest Conservation areas, designated in 1969.

At the foot of Castle Law (and giving its name to the hill) stands Blairlogie Castle (also known as "The Blair"), built in 1543 by Alexander Spittal. The castle and surrounding estate was purchased by Lt Col Hare of Calder Hall in 1891 who modernised it.

An abandoned copper mine lies to the east of the village.

Between 1598 and 1609, the minister of Logie Kirk was the poet Alexander Hume.

In 1940 the actor and conservationist, Moultrie Kelsall, restored an eighteenth century building, Kirklea Cottage as a family home.   This early conservation project is discussed in 'A future for the past' published jointly with Stuart Harris in 1961. Kelsall also was instrumental in saving nearby Menstrie Castle and his son Robin wrote of his youth in the village.

The Scottish International rugby player Kenny Logan used to live in the village and several of his relatives live in the area.

References

External links

 Blairlogie Website
 Blairlogie Archive

Hillfoots Villages
Villages in Stirling (council area)
Cleasby

Cleasby is a village and civil parish in the North Yorkshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is close to the River Tees and Darlington and the A1(M). The population at the 2011 Census of ONS was 208.

History

The village is mentioned in the Domesday book as "Clesbi". The manor had been the possession of a local named Thor, but passed to Enisant Mussard after the Norman invasion. The mesne lordship passed to the lords of Constable Burton from Enisant which eventually ended in the hands of the Scrope family. Enisant continued to hold a demesne lordship here which passed to Harsculph an ancestor of the Cleasby family. By the early fourteenth century the direct line of inheritance had ended and the manor passed to the Fitz Hugh family of Ravensworth who held it until the middle of the sixteenth century when it passed to the Crown. In 1602 the manor was granted to Peter Bradwell and Robert Parker. From thereon it passed via the Countess of Shrewsbury to the Duke of Devonshire. By the mid-nineteenth century it had passed into the hands of John Church Backhouse.

The origin of the name of the village is uncertain. Most sources claim it to be the combination of a personal name, Kleiss and the Old Norse -by for farm, giving Kleiss' farm.

Governance

The village lies within the Richmond UK Parliament constituency. It also lies within the Richmondshire North electoral division of North Yorkshire Council and the Barton ward.

Geography

The village lies in a bend in the River Tees just  away. It is also  from the A1(M) and  from the A66(M). The nearest settlements are Stapleton  to the south-east and Darlington  to the north-east. The geology of the area surrounding the village lies on a bed of limestone overlaid with loam, clay and gravel. The latter having been quarried nearby.

Demography

2001 census

The 2001 UK census showed that the population was split 47.1% male to 52.9% female. The religious constituency was made of 77.8% Christian, 1.7% Sikh and the rest stating no religion or not stating at all. The ethnic make-up was 94.9% White British, 3.4% White Other/Irish, and 1.7% British Asian. There were 77 dwellings.

2011 census

The 2011 UK census showed that the population was split 52.9% male to 47.1% female. The religious constituency was made of 76.9% Christian with the rest stating no religion or not stating at all. The ethnic make-up was 94.7% White British, 1.4% White Other/Irish, 2.4% Mixed Ethnic, 0.96% Black British and 0.48% British Asian. There were 87 dwellings.

Religion

The Church of St Peter was built in 1828 and was originally undedicated to any particular Saint. It is a Grade II listed building.

Notable people

John Robinson (1650–1723), bishop of London and diplomatist was born and attended school there. He was the son of a cooper in the village. He was Ambassador to Sweden for twenty five years before becoming Lord Privy Seal and then first Plenipotentiary to the Congress of Utrecht.

References

External links

Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire