alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Boston railway station

Boston railway station serves the town of Boston in Lincolnshire, England. It is on the Poacher Line.

The station is now owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway who provide all rail services.

History

The station opened for service on 17 October 1848 with the opening of the Great Northern Railway East Lincolnshire line.

The station has declined in importance since the 1960s.  In its heyday the station employed over 50 staff and had two through tracks and cover over the platform tracks. The Skegness bound platform had classic Great Northern Railway architecture buildings as well, now replaced with plastic shelters.  The station frontage remains, albeit altered, in partially reconstructed manner, and some of the buildings have found new uses.

Boston station was once an important junction, with two lines diverging in either direction. Today, only the eastbound line to Skegness, and the westbound line towards Sleaford remain in use. There was previously a southbound line to Spalding (closed in October 1970) that joined the line to Peterborough (and formed part of the original GNR main line from London to York), and a north-westbound line to Woodhall Junction (closed in June 1963) and thence on towards Lincoln, Horncastle, or Louth.  Both surviving routes are single line, with a passing loop at the station.

To the south of the station the access to Boston Docks via the swing bridge and the site of the Broadfield Lane depot remain (the rail link into the docks still sees occasional use).  To the north along the old Lincoln to Boston and Horncastle route, about 2 miles north of the town is the old Hall Hills sleeper depot.

Station Masters

Mr. Carruthers ca. 1849
George Waghorn 1851 - 1855
George R.H. Mullins 1855 - 1871 (formerly station master at Doncaster)
John James Reading 1884 - 1899 (afterwards station master at Lincoln)
David J. Halliday 1899 - 1920
J.W. Malkinson 1920 - 1928
T. Day 1928 - 1933
Clifford G. Turner 1933 - 1937 (afterwards station master at Ardsley)
T.W. Croot 1937 - 1938 (afterwards station master at Spalding)
William P. Spinks 1939 -1949
H.B. Onyon 1949 - 1951 (afterwards station master at Peterborough East)
Charles Morris 1951 - 1955

Services
All services at Boston are operated by East Midlands Railway.

On weekdays and Saturdays, The station is served by an hourly service westbound to  via   and eastbound to .

On Sundays, the service is served by a limited service in each direction, with additional services during the summer months. Enhancements to the Sunday service are due to be made during the life of the East Midlands franchise.

References

External links

Railway stations in Lincolnshire
DfT Category E stations
Former Great Northern Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations served by East Midlands Railway
Buildings and structures in Boston, Lincolnshire
Yavarí

Yavarí may refer to:

 Yavari (ship), a ship commissioned  by the Peruvian government in 1861 for use on Lake Titicaca
 Yavarí or Javary River, a tributary of the Amazon that forms the boundary between Brazil and Peru for more than
Eisosome

Eisosomes ('eis' meaning into or portal and 'soma', meaning body) are large, heterodimeric, immobile protein complexes at the plasma membrane which mark the site of endocytosis in some eukaryotes, and were discovered in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 2006. Currently, seven genes: Pil1, Lsp1 and Sur7, Eis1, Seg1 and Ygr130C, Seg2, are annotated to the formation of the proteins identified in eisosomes. These organelle-like structures have put to rest the idea that sites of endocytosis in cells are chosen at random. Eisosomes have a profound role in regulating plasma membrane architecture and organization in yeast. Microscopic and genetic analyses link these stable, ultrastructural assemblies to the endocytosis of both lipid and protein cargoes in cells.

There are approximately 50–100 eisosomes in each mature yeast cell distributed uniformly across the cell surface periphery in a characteristic dotted pattern with each eisosome containing approximately 2000–5000 copies of Pil1  and Lsp1 proteins, as well as, integral membrane protein Sur7.  Only a few of the eisosomes present in a cell are active at any one time, suggesting that eisosomes function by using reversible phosphorylation and are regulated portals that govern both location and magnitude of membrane traffic into the cell.

Endocytosis in yeast
The yeast plasma membrane consists of three compartments:
 Membrane compartment containing Can1 (MCC)
 Membrane compartment containing Pma1 (MCP)
 Membrane compartment containing TORC2 (MCT)

The MCC, a furrow in the plasma membrane, is generated by eisosomes, it disappears in a cell lacking Pil1 which is one of the main eisosome components.

Structural classification
These are large protein complexes composed primarily of subunits of two Bin-Amphiphysin-RVS (BAR) domain containing proteins Pil1 and Lsp1. These two paralogue proteins self-assemble in higher order structure helices and bind preferentially to phosphoinositide-containing membrane. It is also found that eisosome associated proteins Slm1 and Slm 2 have F-BAR domains that are used for targeting furrow like plasma membrane invagination.

 (BAR) Bin-Amphiphysin-RVS
 Slm1  Phosphoinositide PI4,5P(2) binding protein, forms a complex with Slm2p; acts downstream of Mss4p in a pathway regulating actin cytoskeleton organization in response to stress; phosphorylated by the TORC2 complex 
 Slm2  Phosphoinositide PI4,5P(2) binding protein, forms a complex with Slm1p; acts downstream of Mss4p in a pathway regulating actin cytoskeleton organization in response to stress; phosphorylated by the TORC2 complex 
 Pil1  PI(4,5)P2  abbreviation for Phosphorylation Inhibited by Long chain bases
 Lsp 1  LSP1 abbreviation for Long chain bases Stimulate Phosphorylation
 TORC2 abbreviation for target of rapamycin complex 2)

References

Cell anatomy
GMT800

The GMT800 was a General Motors full-size truck platform used from the 1999 through 2006 model years. It is the foundation for the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra pickups; and the derivative GMT820 and GMT830 versions for the Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon and the Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Yukon XL full-size SUVs, respectively. This platform was the successor to the GMT400 series of C/K pickups and SUVs, and was replaced for 2007 by the GMT900 line.

The GMT800 frames were manufactured by Magna International in Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico and St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada. Trucks were assembled in Oshawa, Ontario; Pontiac, Michigan; Fort Wayne, Indiana; and Flint, Michigan; for pickup & chassis cab models, and Silao, Mexico; Janesville, Wisconsin; and Arlington, Texas; for SUV models. The GMT820-based Hummer H2 was built under contract by AM General at a specially-constructed plant in Mishawaka, Indiana. A GMT810 2 door SUV variant was designed and prototyped, but was not put into production.

The GMT800 introduced a three-section frame system. This could be mixed and matched depending on the wheelbase, GVWR, and body type fitted to the platform, rather than a single-piece long frame.  The front section was hydroformed, while the middle and rear sections were roll formed or stamped, depending on application.  This gives greater flexibility to the platform. A total of four front modules, seven midsections, and four rear sections were designed, and supported nearly 40 truck configurations.

The GMT800 pickup models used a rear-leaf spring suspension, while the GMT820/830 SUV models used a five-link coil-spring suspension.  (The 2500 series GMT830 SUV models retained a leaf spring suspension.)

The GMT800 was the first truck application for the then-new GM Generation III V8 engines.  The 4.8 L and 5.3 L versions used iron blocks and aluminum heads, while early 6.0 L version used cast iron cylinder heads.  The 6.6 L Duramax turbo-diesel was introduced with the 2500HD and 3500 models that debuted for 2001.

The GMT800 1500 Chevrolet Silverado was named the MotorTrend Truck of the Year for 1999, the 2500 HD was awarded Truck of the Year for 2001, and the Chevrolet Avalanche was the Truck of the Year for 2002.

Sales

Applications

See also

 GM GMT platform

References

General Motors platforms
Peter Mosses

Peter David Mosses (born 1948) is a British computer scientist.

Peter Mosses studied mathematics as an undergraduate at Trinity College, Oxford, and went on to undertake a DPhil supervised by Christopher Strachey in the Programming Research Group while at Wolfson College, Oxford in the early 1970s. He was the last student to submit his thesis under Strachey before Strachey's death.

In 1978, Mosses published his compiler-compiler, the Semantic Implementation System (SIS), which uses a denotational semantics description of the input language.

Mosses has spent most of his career at BRICS in Denmark. He returned to a chair at Swansea University, Wales. His main contribution has been in the area of formal program semantics. In particular, with David Watt he developed action semantics, a combination of denotational, operational and algebraic semantics.

Currently, Mosses is a visitor at TU Delft, working with the Programming Languages Group.

References

External links 
 Home page
 

Living people
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
Alumni of Wolfson College, Oxford
Members of the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford
British computer scientists
Academics of Swansea University
Formal methods people
1948 births
Hanukkah ben Obadiah

Hanukkah or Chanukkah ben Obadiah was a hypothetical Khazar ruler who probably reigned during the mid to late ninth century CE. Hanukkah was the son of Obadiah and succeeded his nephew Manasseh I to the throne. No contemporary records from his reign survive; however, he is known from the Khazar Correspondence between Hisdai ibn Shaprut and the Khazar king Joseph. As with the other Bulanids, it is unclear whether Hanukkah was a khagan or a khagan bek; however, most modern scholars lean towards the latter possibility.  Historical authenticity and accuracy  of the only document mentioning his name has been questioned.

Hanukkah was succeeded by his son Isaac.

References

Sources
Kevin Alan Brook. The Jews of Khazaria. 3rd ed. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2018. 
Douglas M. Dunlop, The History of the Jewish Khazars, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954.
Norman Golb and Omeljan Pritsak, Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1982.

Khazar rulers
Jewish monarchs
9th-century monarchs in Europe
9th-century Jews
Jewish royalty
Bolderwood, Hampshire

Bolderwood is an area of the New Forest in Hampshire.  Bolderwood hosts a deer sanctuary with a public deer observation platform.  As a result, the public car park at Bolderwood is the most visited in the New Forest. From here the Bolderwood Arboretum Ornamental Drive links to the A35 passing close to the Knightwood Oak, one of the largest trees in the New Forest. A nearby feature is the Portuguese Fireplace.

External links

 Forestry England website for Bolderwood 
New Forest Community Media - A not-for-profit media site serving the National Park

New Forest
Beat Crazy

Beat Crazy is the third album by Joe Jackson, released in October 1980 and credited to the Joe Jackson Band. It was a relative disappointment commercially, peaking outside the Top 40 in both the UK and the United States, with its singles failing to chart. One reason for the reduced sales in the U.S. may have been that the group did not tour to support it there. Nevertheless, the Joe Jackson Band was successful and toured extensively. This would be the last studio album released by the Joe Jackson Band's original line-up until 2003's Volume 4.

Background
Beat Crazy was intended to be a stylistic departure from Jackson's first two albums but as he recalled, the band lacked a clear direction during the recording. Jackson later stated that he felt the record "didn't really work". He explained,

Musically, the album saw the band take in reggae and ska influence as seen on songs such as "In Every Dream Home", "Mad at You", and "Pretty Boys".

Track listing
All songs written, arranged and produced by Joe Jackson.

Personnel 
 Musicians
 Joe Jackson – vocals, keyboards, melodica
 Graham Maby – bass, vocals, lead vocal on "Beat Crazy"
 Gary Sanford – guitars
 David Houghton – drums, vocals

 Production
 Joe Jackson - arrangements, producer
 Norman Mighell - recording engineer
 Nigel Mills - assistant recording engineer
 Willy Smax - artwork
 Anton Corbijn - photography

Charts

References

External links 
 Beat Crazy album information at The Joe Jackson Archive

1980 albums
Joe Jackson (musician) albums
A&M Records albums
Westside High School (Macon, Georgia)

Westside High School is a public high school located in Macon, Georgia, United States. The school opened in 1997 and serves grades 9 through 12. It is the largest school in the Bibb County School District.

Athletics
The Westside Seminoles has competed in Division AAAA Region 2 of the Georgia High School Association since the 2012–2013 school year.

References

External links 
 

Public high schools in Georgia (U.S. state)
Schools in Macon, Georgia
Magnet schools in Georgia (U.S. state)
Educational institutions established in 1997
1997 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Thorpe Culvert railway station

Thorpe Culvert railway station serves the village of Thorpe St Peter in Lincolnshire, England. It is situated  from Skegness and  from Boston.

The station is now owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway who provide all rail services.

A signal box is present at the West end of the station to supervise a level crossing, however, the station itself is unstaffed and offers limited facilities other than two shelters, bicycle storage, timetables and modern 'Help Points'. The full range of tickets for travel are purchased from the guard on the train at no extra cost, there are no retail facilities at this station.

History
The station was opened by the Wainfleet and Firsby Railway for passenger traffic on 24 October 1871 when the line opened between Firsby and Wainfleet. The passenger service was extended from Wainfleet to Skegness on 28 July 1873. 

From 1896 the Wainfleet and Firsby Railway was taken over by the Great Northern Railway. Originally a single line the route was doubled by the GNR and this reached Thorpe Culvert on 9 July 1899.

Services
All services at Thorpe Culvert are operated by East Midlands Railway.

On weekdays and Saturdays, the station is served by a limited service of two trains per day in each direction, westbound to  via  and eastbound to .

There is no Sunday service at the station, although a normal service operates on most Bank Holidays.

References

External links

Railway stations in Lincolnshire
DfT Category F1 stations
Former Great Northern Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1871
Railway stations served by East Midlands Railway
Low usage railway stations in the United Kingdom
Jonathan Watson

Jonathan Watson is a Scottish actor best known for his comedy sketch show Only an Excuse?, which parodied people and events from the world of Scottish football, as well as roles in the BBC comedies Bob Servant Independent in which he appears with Brian Cox, and as Colin in the acclaimed Two Doors Down (2013–present). In the 1980s he was also a regular cast member of the Scottish sitcom City Lights and the sketch show Naked Video.

Background
Watson was born in Glasgow and was educated at Hillhead Primary and Hillhead High School. He trained at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama and graduated in 1979. He joined the TAG Theatre Company then followed this with a season with the 7:84 company. He had a part in Bill Forsyth's 1983 film Local Hero.

He moved to London in 1986 and returned to Scotland two years later.

He appeared in all five seasons of Naked Video that were broadcast on BBC Scotland between 1986 and 1991, He was also in City Lights, Rab C. Nesbitt and Only an Excuse?.

In 2013, Watson appeared in Rob Drummond's Quiz Show at the Traverse Theatre in Edinburgh. In 2014 he played Archie in John Byrne's adaptation of Chekhov's The Three Sisters for The Tron, Glasgow. He was also in The National Theatre of Scotland's production of Yer Granny, which toured Scotland & Northern Ireland.

He appeared in the horror film Let Us Prey which was released in 2015.

Early television appearances included minor parts in The Bill and Casualty. In Bob Servant which sees him playing opposite Brian Cox, as Bob's trusty sidekick - Frank.

Following the success of a one-hour pilot, a six-part comedy series Two Doors Down was made which screened on BBC2 beginning in March 2016.

Watson is a supporter of Rangers F.C.

From December 2019 to January 2020, Watson played King Hector in the pantomime Jack and the Beanstalk at the King's Theatre, Glasgow

In 2021 he appeared in Doctor Who - Flux as Sontarans 'Commander Riskaw' and 'Skaak'.

Comedy impressions
Watson's Wind Up was a political satire show that was aired on BBC Radio Scotland. The show was recorded on Fridays at the Glasgow Film Theatre.

Bob Servant Independent
Watson's appeared as Frank (Francis) the campaign manager of local cheeseburger magnate in the cult BBC Four Neil Forsyth comedy Bob Servant Independent. This show was first broadcast in the UK in January/February 2013; with a move planned to BBC2 later in the year.

References

External links

Scottish male television actors
Living people
People educated at Hillhead High School
Scottish male comedy actors
Comedians from Glasgow
Male actors from Glasgow
1957 births
Scottish male stage actors
Scottish male film actors
Scottish impressionists (entertainers)
Scottish sketch comedians
Charaxinae



The Charaxinae, the leafwings, are a nymphalid subfamily of butterflies that includes about 400 species, inhabiting mainly the tropics, although some species extend into temperate regions in North America, Europe, China, and southern Australia. Significant variations exist between the species. For example, some are medium sized and bright orange above, but mottled gray or brown below. This underwing coloration helps them resemble a dead leaf when they are at rest, as they keep their wings closed. With relatively few exceptions, the hindwings of the members of this subfamily have jagged edges.

Adults are very robust and fast flyers, and many are strongly attracted to drink liquids from carrion, dung, and rotten fruits, rather than nectar from flowers.

Males establish territories and perch on tree trunks, branches, and even the ground. The eggs are smooth and round and generally with a somewhat concave apex.

Some genera in this subfamily (notably Charaxes, Agrias, and Prepona) are very popular among butterfly collectors.

Genera
Tribe Charaxini Guenée, 1865
 Polyura – nawabs
 Charaxes – rajahs and pashas, emperors

Tribe Euxanthini Rydon, 1971  
 Euxanthe

Tribe Pallini Rydon, 1971
 Palla

Tribe Prothoini Roepke, 1938
 Prothoe
 Agatasa – glorious begum

Tribe Preponini Rydon, 1971
 Agrias
 Prepona
 Archaeoprepona
 Anaeomorpha (sometimes in Anaeini)

Tribe Anaeini (also see tribe article)
 Anaea
 Coenophlebia
 Consul
 Fountainea
 Hypna
 Memphis (formerly included in Anaea)
 Polygrapha
 Siderone
 Zaretis

References

External links

Checklist of North American Nymphalidae

 
-
Taxa named by William Doherty
Butterfly subfamilies
Saltillo (linguistics)

In Mexican linguistics, saltillo (Spanish, meaning "little skip") is the word for a glottal stop consonant (IPA: ). The name was given by the early grammarians of Classical Nahuatl. In a number of other Nahuan languages, the sound cognate to the glottal stop of Classical Nahuatl is , and the term saltillo is applied to it for historical reasons. The saltillo, in both capital and small letter versions, appears in Unicode (in the Latin Extended-D block), but is often written with an apostrophe; it is sometimes written  (for either pronunciation), or  when pronounced .  The spelling of the glottal stop with an apostrophe-like character most likely originates from transliterations of the Arabic hamza. It has also been written with a grave accent over the preceding vowel in some Nahuatl works, following Horacio Carochi (1645).

A glottal stop exists as a phoneme in many other indigenous languages of the Americas and its presence or absence can distinguish words. However, there is no glottal stop in Standard Spanish, so the sound is often imperceptible to Spanish speakers, and Spanish writers usually did not write it when transcribing Mexican languages: Nahuatl  "in a fire" and  "he ascends" were both typically written , for example. Where glottal stop is distinguished, the latter may be written  or .

The saltillo letter

Although in Spanish the basic meaning of the word 'saltillo' refers to the sound made by the glottal stop, it is often applied to the letter used to write that sound, especially the straight apostrophe, and this is the usual meaning of 'saltillo' in English. The alphabet of the Tlapanec language (Me̱ꞌpha̱a̱) uses both uppercase and lowercase saltillos, . Other languages, such as Rapa Nui, use only a lowercase saltillo, with the first vowel capitalized when a word begins with a glottal stop.

Unicode support of the cased forms began with Unicode 5.1, with  and . Both are typically rendered with a straight apostrophe-like shape sometimes described as a dotless exclamation point. Typesetters who are unfamiliar with Unicode frequently use an apostrophe instead, but that can cause problems in electronic files because the apostrophe is a punctuation mark, not a word-building character, and the ambiguous use of apostrophe for two different functions can make automated processing of the text difficult.

The lowercase saltillo letter is used in Miꞌkmaq of Canada, Izere of Nigeria and in at least one Southeast Asian language, Central Sinama of the Philippines and Malaysia. In the latter it represents both the glottal stop and the centralized vowel  and derives from the historical use of hamza for those sounds in Arabic script. Examples are bowaꞌ 'mouth' as a consonant and nsꞌllan 'oil' as a vowel.

See also
Glottal stop (letter)
Hamza
ʻOkina

References

External links
 Definition of saltillo

Glottal consonants
Languages of Mexico
Latin-script letters
Plosives
David Watt (computer scientist)

David Anthony Watt (born 5 November 1946) is a British computer scientist.

Watt is a professor at the University of Glasgow, Scotland. With Peter Mosses he developed action semantics, a combination of denotational semantics, operational and algebraic semantics. He currently teaches a third year programming languages course, and a postgraduate course on algorithms and data structures. He is recognisable around campus for his more formal attire compared to the department's normally casual dress code.

References

External links 
 Home page

1946 births
Living people
British computer scientists
Academics of the University of Glasgow
Formal methods people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Mission Omega

Mission Omega is a computer game published in 1986 by Argus Press Software for the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64 and Amstrad CPC home computers. It was programmed by Stephen Ward.

Gameplay

The United States of Europe vessel, Windwraith, has been sent to intercept a mysterious object the size of a small moon which is speeding towards Earth. Robots must infiltrate the mystery-ship (dubbed the "Omega") and deactivate it within the hour or Earth will be destroyed.

Gameplay involves a mixture of arcade adventure, maze game and strategy. The player controls robots (which are designed, built and named in-game) around the interior of the Omega and must shut down its four reactors. These robots have a limited amount of artificial intelligence and can be programmed to take set routes or allowed to explore of their own accord. The player can also directly control the robots. Occasionally, simple puzzles (often involving setting levers correctly) must be solved or hostile robots aboard the Omega must be combatted.

The player has one hour in real-time to deactivate Omega's four reactors.

Critical reception
CRASH magazine found Mission Omega to be "an interesting, difficult but colourful and enjoyable hybrid game that should appeal to equally to strategy and arcade fans." However, the instructions printed on the cassette inlay were criticized for being contradictory and lacking keyboard controls.

External links

References

1986 video games
Amstrad CPC games
Commodore 64 games
Single-player video games
Strategy video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
ZX Spectrum games
Wainfleet railway station

Wainfleet railway station serves the town of Wainfleet All Saints in Lincolnshire, England. The station has its own signal box at the east end of the platforms, which is next to the level crossing. Wainfleet station is   west of Skegness on the Skegness - Grantham - Nottingham Poacher Line.

The station is now owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway who provide all rail services.

The station is unstaffed and offers limited facilities other than two shelters, bicycle storage, timetables and modern 'Help Points'. The full range of tickets for travel are purchased from the guard on the train at no extra cost, there are no retail facilities at this station.

History
The station was opened by the Wainfleet and Firsby Railway for passenger traffic on 24 October 1871. The passenger service was extended from Wainfleet to Skegness on 28 July 1873. 

On 23 June 1881 there was an accident on a service from Skegness to Nottingham. A carriage left the rails at Wainfleet which derailed the carriages behind it which resulted in injuries to several passengers including one with a broken leg.

From 1896 the Wainfleet and Firsby Railway was taken over by the Great Northern Railway.

Stationmasters

Thomas Poole ca .1872
Thomas Ramsden Wharam ca. 1876
Robert John Lewin 1882  - ca. 1894 (formerly station master at Ancaster)
Herbert Brader 1896  (afterwards station master at Bourne)
George Guy before 1900
Charles E. Riddout ca. 1900 ca. 1904
Frank L. Curtis ca. 1913
Robert Bruntlett ca. 1919
Frank Pickworth ca. 1926
Arthur White 1930 - 1947 
William George Lusher ca. 1950 ca. 1961

Services
All services at Wainfleet are operated by East Midlands Railway.

On weekdays and Saturdays, The station is served by an hourly service westbound to  via   and eastbound to .

On Sundays, the service is served by a limited service in each direction, with additional services during the summer months. Enhancements to the Sunday service are due to be made during the life of the East Midlands franchise.

See also
Firsby to Skegness railway branch line

References

External links

Railway stations in Lincolnshire
DfT Category F1 stations
Former Great Northern Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1871
Railway stations served by East Midlands Railway
Wainfleet All Saints
Apaturinae

The Apaturinae are a subfamily of butterflies that includes many species commonly called emperors.

Description
Strikingly-coloured, with cryptic underwing. A distinguishing character of the subfamily is the green proboscis.

Genera
Apaturinae consists of 20 genera and shows separate distributions and uncommon host–plant associations. Most genera of this subfamily are found throughout South-East Asia and Africa, whereas the genera Doxocopa and Asterocampa are spread mainly in South America and North America.

Apatura
Apaturina
Apaturopsis
Asterocampa
Chitoria
Dilipa
Doxocopa
Euapatura
Eulaceura
Euripus
Helcyra
Herona
Hestina
Hestinalis
Mimathyma
Rohana
Sasakia
Sephisa
Thaleropis
Timelaea

References

External links
Checklist Nearctic Nymphalidae List of North American species with images.
Pteron Images. In Japanese but with binomial names.

 
-
Butterfly subfamilies
Havenhouse railway station

Havenhouse railway station is situated  south-west of Skegness in Lincolnshire, England.  The station was originally called 'Croft Bank'. There was formerly a Seacroft railway station between Havenhouse and Skegness, but it is now closed.

The station is now owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway who provide all rail services.  In 2018/19 it was the least used station in Lincolnshire and in the East Midlands and the fifth least used station in Great Britain.

The station is unstaffed and offers limited facilities other than two shelters, bicycle storage, timetables and modern 'Help Points'. The full range of tickets for travel are purchased from the guard on the train at no extra cost; there are no retail facilities at this station.

Services
All services at Havenhouse are operated by East Midlands Railway.

On weekdays and Saturdays, the station is served by a limited service of two trains per day in each direction, westbound to  via  and eastbound to .

There is no Sunday service at the station, although a normal service operates on most Bank Holidays.

References

External links

Railway stations in Lincolnshire
DfT Category F2 stations
Former Great Northern Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1873
Railway stations served by East Midlands Railway
Low usage railway stations in the United Kingdom
Nu-Flow

Nu-Flow is the debut studio album by British R&B/hip hop group Big Brovaz, originally released on 4 November 2002. The album features five singles, of which four were UK top-10 singles—the title track "Nu Flow", which was a hit across Europe; "OK"; "Favourite Things" (the highest charting hit from the album) and "Baby Boy". The fifth single from the album was "Ain't What You Do", which peaked at number 15. The album peaked at number 6 on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified double platinum by the BPI.

Track listing
Version 1:
"Nu Flow"
"Find a Way"
"Taking It Global"
"Summertime"
"Gotta Get"
"OK" (full version)
"Little Mama"
"Don't Watch That"
"Baby Boy"
"Don't Matter"
"I Know You're There"

Version 2:
"Nu Flow"
"Gotta Get"
"Don't Matter"
"Baby Boy"
"Ain't What You Do"
"OK" (radio edit)
"I Know You're There"
"Taking It Global"
"Summertime"
"Find a Way"
"Little Mamma"
"This Music"
"Don't Watch That"
"OK" (Rock Remix)

Bonus videos:
"Nu Flow"
"OK"

Version 3:
"Nu Flow"
"Gotta Get"
"Don't Matter"
"Baby Boy"
"Favourite Things"
"OK" (radio edit)
"I Know You're There"
"Taking It Global"
"Summertime"
"Find a Way"
"Little Mamma"
"This Music"
"Ain't What You Do"
"Don't Watch That"
"OK" (rock remix)
"My Favourite Things" (hidden track)

Bonus videos:
"Nu Flow"
"OK"

Version 4: Australian Limited Edition with bonus DVD
"Nu Flow"
"Gotta Get"
"Don't Matter"
"Baby Boy"
"Favourite Things"
"OK" (radio edit)
"I Know You're There"
"Taking It Global"
"Summertime"
"Find a Way"
"Little Mamma"
"This Music"
"Ain't What You Do"
"Don't Watch That"
"We Wanna Thank You"

Bonus DVD:
"Nu Flow"
"Favourite Things"
"OK"
"Baby Boy"
"Ain't What You Do"

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2002 debut albums
2003 albums
Big Brovaz albums
Epic Records albums
Inventory (disambiguation)

Inventory is a list of goods and materials held available in stock by a business.

Inventory may also refer to:

Arts, entertainment, and media
 Inventory (artists), a group of British artists
 Inventory (film), a 1989 Polish drama film directed by Krzysztof Zanussi
 Inventory, item storage available to a character in a video game
 Inventory, in music, the first useful characteristic of a partition; the set classes produced by the union of the constituent pitch class sets of a partition
 Advertising inventory, space available for showing advertising

Assessments
 Moral inventory, self-examination by a member of a twelve-step program
 Strong Interest Inventory, a tool used in career assessment

Other uses
 Computer systems use inventories internally:
 Computer hardware inventories, lists of available components
 Data inventories, resembling repositories
 Software inventories, available code, not necessarily used
 A phonological inventory, the set of articulatory or manual gestures in a lect
 A consonant inventory, the set of consonants in a lect
 A vowel inventory, the set of vowels in a lect
 Naval Vessel Register (NVR), the official inventory of ships and service craft in custody of or titled by the U.S. Navy

See also
 
 
 Invent (disambiguation)
 Inventor (disambiguation)
 Storage (disambiguation)
Vila de Rei

Vila de Rei (; "Royal City") is a municipality in the district of Castelo Branco in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 3,452, in an area of 191.55 km2.

A small municipality covered with pinewoods, located precisely at the centre of Portugal, as marked by the Picoto da Melriça, a monument indicating the geodesic centre of Mainland Portugal. In addition, the site offers a spectacular panoramic view over a vast territory and includes a small Geodesy Museum.

The present mayor is Ricardo Jorge Martins Aires, elected by the Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is September 19.

Monuments and landmarks

At the small town of Vila de Rei, it is worth admiring the 18th century Parish Church and the Miserichord Chapel. A natural curiosity of Vila de Rei is the Penedo Furado (pierced boulder), which has been adapted to shelter two belvederes, set on a rocky platform surrounded by woods and small water-falls. The Saint Michael Castro, on the top of the Ladeira mountains, at an altitude of about 493 metres (1,600 ft), is a fortified and walled settlement considered to be of Celtic origin and dates from the Iron Age, having been classified as a National Monument.
Vila de Rei is also on the route of shale villages having one of the most beautiful examples is the Água Formosa.

The Geodesic Center of Portugal is also located on this municipality, at the Melriça ridge.

Gastronomy
Typical gastronomy in the region includes dishes such as fish soup, roast kid or bucho recheado (stuffed pig's stomach), besides typical honey cakes and rice pudding.

Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 3 civil parishes (freguesias):
 Fundada (638 inhabitants - 2011 Census)
 São João do Peso (204 inhabitants - 2011 Census)
 Vila de Rei (2,610 inhabitants - 2011 Census)

Notable people 
 Regina Tavares da Silva (born ca.1938 in Vila de Rei) a Portuguese politician, feminist, historical researcher and an international expert on women's rights.

Notes

External links

Town Hall official website
Photos from Vila de Rei

Populated places in Castelo Branco District
Municipalities of Castelo Branco District
WKC

WKC may refer to:
WKC Stahl- und Metallwarenfabrik of Solingen, Germany
WKC (Baltimore), a Baltimore, Maryland AM radio station licensed from 1922 to 1923
West Kent College
West Kowloon Corridor, a highway in Kowloon, Hong Kong
Weyersberg, Kirschbaum, and Cie of Solingen, Germany
World Kendo Championship
White Knight Chronicles
Winston Knoll Collegiate
 Woodbridge Kart Club
 World Kendo Championship
Martingale

Martingale may refer to:

Martingale (probability theory), a stochastic process in which the conditional expectation of the next value, given the current and preceding values, is the current value
Martingale (tack) for horses
Martingale (collar) for dogs and other animals
Martingale (betting system), in 18th century France
a dolphin striker, a spar aboard a sailing ship
In the sport of fencing, a martingale is a strap attached to the sword handle to prevent a sword from being dropped if disarmed
In the theatrical lighting industry, martingale is an obsolete term for a twofer, or occasionally a threefer
 Martingale (clothing), a strap controlling the fullness of the clothing material.
Oklahoma State Highway 142

State Highway 142, abbreviated SH-142, is a  highway in southern Oklahoma. It serves as a short truck route and bypass around the northern and eastern sections of Ardmore.

Route description

SH-142 in Ardmore is locally designated as Veterans Boulevard. The highway's western terminus is at I-35 (milemarker 33) in Ardmore.  Beginning as a divided highway, it intersects US-77 (locally designated as Commerce) approximately 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) to the east.  From there, SH-142 progresses as a two-lane highway approximately 2 miles (3.2 kilometers), passes by Ardmore Middle and High Schools, makes a fairly sharp right turn to the south (near the Valero refinery), and terminates 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) to the south at an intersection with State Highway 199. The roadway (but not the SH-142 designation) continues south as P Street Northeast just to the east of greater Ardmore.

History
SH-142 was originally designated as a state highway in 1958 between US-77 on Ardmore's north side and the former US-70 on the east side of the city which is the current SH-199. In 1969 when I-35 was completed along the west side of Ardmore, SH-142 was extended a mile further west from US-77 to an interchange with the interstate route.

Junction list

References

External links
SH-142 at OKHighways.com

142
Transportation in Carter County, Oklahoma
Toivo Salonen

Toivo Kostia Salonen (21 May 1933 – 28 October 2019) was a former speed skater from Finland. He was born in Pälkäne.

Medals
Toivo Salonen had most of his successes on a national level, becoming Finnish Allround Champion in 1954, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, winning Finnish silver in 1953, 1955, and 1962, and taking bronze in 1963 and 1964. But Salonen also competed internationally for 12 years and participated in 4 Winter Olympics. At the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, he won bronze on the 1,500 m. So far (including the 2006 Winter Olympics), Salonen is the last Finnish male speed skater to have won an Olympic medal – the last Finnish female speed skater so far being Kaija Mustonen in 1968. In 1959, Salonen won bronze at the European Allround Championships behind gold medallist Knut Johannesen and fellow countryman Juhani Järvinen, who won silver. Two weeks later at the World Allround Championships, Salonen won silver behind Järvinen.

References

Toivo Salonen at SkateResults.com

External links
 

1933 births
2019 deaths
People from Pälkäne
Finnish male speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters for Finland
Speed skaters at the 1952 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in speed skating
Medalists at the 1956 Winter Olympics
World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists
Olympic bronze medalists for Finland
Sportspeople from Pirkanmaa
Grapefruit mercaptan

Grapefruit mercaptan is the common name for a natural organic compound found in grapefruit.  It is a monoterpenoid that contains a thiol (also known as a mercaptan) functional group. Structurally a hydroxy group of terpineol is replaced by the thiol in grapefruit mercaptan, so it also called thioterpineol. Volatile thiols typically have very strong, often unpleasant odors that can be detected by humans in very low concentrations. Grapefruit mercaptan has a very potent, but not unpleasant, odor, and it is the chemical constituent primarily responsible for the aroma of grapefruit.  This characteristic aroma is a property of only the R enantiomer.

Pure grapefruit mercaptan, or citrus-derived oils rich in grapefruit mercaptan, are sometimes used in perfumery and the flavor industry to impart citrus aromas and flavors. However, both industries actively seek substitutes for grapefruit mercaptans for use as a grapefruit flavorant, since its decomposition products are often highly disagreeable to the human sense of smell.

The detection threshold for the (+)-(R) enantiomer of grapefruit mercaptan is 2×10−5 ppb, or equivalently a concentration of 2×10−14. This corresponds to being able to detect 2×10−5 mg in one metric ton of water - one of the lowest detection thresholds ever recorded for a naturally occurring compound.

See also
Nootkatone, another aroma compound in grapefruit
Terpineol, where a hydroxyl is in place of the thiol

References

Thiols
Flavors
Perfume ingredients
Monoterpenes
Cyclohexenes
Nu Flow

"Nu Flow" is the debut single of British R&B collective Big Brovaz. It was released as the first single from their debut album, Nu-Flow (2002), on 14 October 2002. "Nu Flow" peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart and spent 19 weeks inside the UK top 100. The single was also successful in New Zealand and Norway, where it reached number one, and in Australia, where it peaked at number three to become their joint highest-peaking hit with "Favourite Things".

Music video
The accompanying music video was directed by Vaughan Arnell.

Track listings

UK CD1
 "Nu Flow" (original clean radio edit)
 "Nu Flow" (Blacksmith club rub)
 "Nu Flow" (Shy FX and T Power remix)
 "Nu Flow" (video)

UK CD2
 "Nu Flow" (original)
 "Nu Flow" (Marley Marl main mix)
 "Nu Flow" (Fusion remix)

UK 12-inch single
A1. "Nu Flow" (Blacksmith club rub)
A2. "Nu Flow" (original)
B1. "Nu Flow" (Fusion remix)
B2. "Nu Flow" (Marley Marl main mix)

UK cassette single
 "Nu Flow" (original clean radio edit)
 "Nu Flow" (Marley Marl main mix)

European CD single
 "Nu Flow" (original clean radio edit)
 "Nu Flow" (Blacksmith club rub)

Australian CD single
 "Nu Flow" (clean radio edit)
 "Nu Flow" (Marley Marl main mix)
 "Nu Flow" (Shy FX & T Power remix)
 "Nu Flow" (Blacksmith club rub)

Credits and personnel
Credits are taken from the UK CD1 liner notes.

Studio
 Recorded at Dairy Studios (Brixton, England)

Personnel

 Michael Mugiisha – writing
 John Paul Horsley – writing
 Tayo Aisida – writing
 Cherise Roberts – writing
 Nadia Shepherd – writing
 Dion Howell – writing
 Dean Macintosh – writing
 Abdul Bella – writing
 Michael Brown – writing
 Big Brovaz – vocals
 Skillz and Fingaz – production
 Roy Merchant – mixing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

2002 songs
2002 debut singles
Big Brovaz songs
Daylight Records singles
Epic Records singles
Music videos directed by Vaughan Arnell
Number-one singles in New Zealand
Number-one singles in Norway
The Dhol Foundation

The Dhol Foundation is both a dhol drum institute in London and a musical group. The dhol school was founded in 1989  by former Alaap member Johnny Kalsi when several musicians asked him to be their teacher, and a first album was released by Kalsi and his students in 2001.

Dhol drums are a traditional percussion instrument from the Punjab province in the north of India, from which Kalsi originates. In London he experimented with dance beats and electronic music, which he mixes with the traditional bhangra style in his albums.

Their music has been featured in Hollywood films such as Gangs of New York and The Incredible Hulk, and have worked with Peter Gabriel on the soundtrack to the film Rabbit-Proof Fence. They opened the Commonwealth Games in Melbourne in 2006.

TDF have a connection to WOMAD, as they own the copyright to all of their songs, and they have also performed at WOMAD many times of the past few years. In fact, in the past two years, they have played at Womad Reading twice, despite not being scheduled to appear either time.

Although officially released in 2005, 200 pre-release 'festival edition' copies of the album Drum-Believable were available to those who attended Womad Reading in 2004. These are now a rarity.

Discography
2001: Big Drum Small World
2005: Drum-Believable
2007: Drums 'n' Roses
2010: Drum Struck
2017: Basant

See also
The Bollywood Brass Band
Afro Celt Sound System
Asian Dub Foundation
Transglobal Underground
Peter Gabriel

External links
The Dhol Foundation
[ TDF on allmusic.com]

Bhangra (music) musical groups
British world music groups
Asian Underground musicians
Musical groups established in 1989
STU-II

The STU-II (Standard Telephone Unit II) is a secure telephone developed by the U.S. National Security Agency. It permitted up to six users to have secure communications, on a time-shared (e.g.: rotating) basis.   It was made by ITT Defense Communications, Nutley, New Jersey.  An OEM partner was Northern Telecom.

According to information on display in 2005 at the NSA's National Cryptologic Museum, the STU-II was in use from the 1980s to the present. It uses the linear predictive coding algorithm LPC-10 at 2.4 kilobits/second to digitize voice,  and the "Key Distribution Center" (KDC) for key management. The display also stated that the STU-II B is the standard narrow band secure telephone.

STU-II replaced the STU-I, KY-3 and the Navajo I. The last was a secure telephone in a briefcase, of which 110 were built in the 1980s for use by senior government officials when traveling. The Navaho I  also used LPC-10.

Some 10 000 STU-II units were produced.

External links 
 Delusion.org - National Cryptologic Museum pictures
 Pictures of president Reagan using a STU-II phone

See also 
 STU-III
 SCIP

National Security Agency encryption devices
Secure communication
Secure telephones
Clinton Jones (American football)

Clinton Jones (born 24 May 1945) is an American former professional football running back who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Minnesota Vikings and the San Diego Chargers. He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans and was drafted by the Vikings in the first round (2nd overall) of the 1967 NFL/AFL draft.

College career
After his graduation from Cathedral Latin School in Cleveland, Ohio, Jones spent his college years at Michigan State University. He finished sixth in voting for the 1966 Heisman Award, the Michigan State Spartans second year in a row as national champions. He is featured in the documentary Through the Banks of the Red Cedar, written and directed by Gene Washington's daughter, Maya Washington.

College statistics
1964: 72 carries for 350 yards and one touchdown. 1 catch for 15 yards and one touchdown.
1965: 185 carries for 900 yards and 10 TD. 27 catches for 314 yards and 2 TD.
1966: 159 carries for 784 yards and 6 TD. 6 catches for 85 yards.

NFL career
Jones was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the 1967 NFL Draft. The pick used to draft Jones was one received by the Vikings from the New York Giants in exchange for the quarterback Fran Tarkenton.

Jones spent six seasons, 1967 to 1972, with Minnesota before moving on to the San Diego Chargers for one last season in 1973.

Clint Jones is a member of The Pigskin Club Of Washington, D.C., and National Intercollegiate All-American Football Players Honor Roll.

On January 9, 2015, Jones was named to the College Football Hall Of Fame.

His professional career highs were:

675 yards 1971
180 carries 1971
9 touchdowns 1970

References

External links
Clint Jones career statistics provided by Pro-Football-Reference.com.

1945 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football running backs
Michigan State Spartans football players
Minnesota Vikings players
Players of American football from Cleveland
San Diego Chargers players