alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic factor

In econometrics, a dynamic factor (also known as a diffusion index) is a series which measures the co-movement of many time series. It is used in certain macroeconomic models.

A diffusion index is intended to indicate 
 the changes of the fraction of economic data time series which increase or decrease over the selected time interval,
 an increase or decrease in future economic activity,
 provide some correlation to the business sentiment of companies.

Formally

where  is the vector of lagged factors of the variables in the  matrix  (T is the number of observations and N is the number of variables),  are the factor loadings, and  is the factor error.

History 
Diffusion indexes were originally designed to help identify business cycle turning points.

Example 
A diffusion index of monthly employment levels across industries measures the degree to which a growth in employment levels in a population is made up of growth in all industries versus sharp growth in just a few industries. In one published data series on that design, the diffusion index is computed from a panel of discrete time series by assigning a value of 0 to an observation if it is lower than its analog in the previous month, 50 if it is at the same level, and 100 if it has increased. The average of these component values for a given period over the time period is a diffusion index. Relative to the equation above, the underlying factors  are drawn from the values {0, 50, 100} based on employment changes, and the diffusion index  works out to be the percentage of these employment counts that increased in the previous month. Some researchers have reported that a diffusion index of monthly manufacturing-sector employment is a leading indicator of turning points in the business cycle.

References

Literature
 Forni, Mario & Lippi, Marco, 2001. "The Generalized Dynamic Factor Model: Representation Theory", Econometric Theory, vol. 17(6), pages 1113-41. 
 Getz, Patricia M. and Mark Ulmer. "Diffusion indexes: an economic barometer", Monthly Labor Review, April 1990, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 13–22.
 Stock, James H & Watson, Mark W, 2002. "Macroeconomic Forecasting Using Diffusion Indexes", Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, vol. 20(2), pages 147-62.

Time series
Brookmerland

Brookmerland is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated southeast of Norden. Its seat is in the village Marienhafe.

The Samtgemeinde Brookmerland consists of the following municipalities:

 Leezdorf
 Marienhafe
 Osteel
 Rechtsupweg
 Upgant-Schott
 Wirdum

Samtgemeinden in Lower Saxony
Towns and villages in East Frisia
Henry Birks

Henry Birks (30 November 1840 – 16 April 1928) was a Canadian businessman and founder of Henry Birks and Sons, a chain of high-end Canadian jewellery stores.

He was born to English immigrants from Yorkshire, England. His parents moved to Canada in 1832. Son of John Birks, a pharmacist, and Ann Marie, he did his schooling in commercial studies at the High School of Montreal. 

In 1857, Birks was hired as a clerk at Savage and Lyman in Montreal, reputed to be the finest jeweller and watchmaker in the Province of Canada at that time.  Although Birks eventually became a partner in the firm in 1868, the company's later financial difficulties encouraged Birks to leave in 1877.

With an investment of C$3000, Birks opened his own small jewellery shop in 1879 on Saint James Street in the heart of Montreal's financial and commercial district.  In 1893, Birks went into partnership with his three sons (William, John and Gerald), and the name of the firm became Henry Birks and Sons.   As the focus of Montreal's commercial centre moved north towards Saint Catherine Street, the Birks store moved to new premises on Phillips Square in 1894, where the company still maintains a store and corporate offices.  Commencing in 1901, Birks oversaw the expansion of the company across the country, with stores opening in Canada's largest cities.

Henry Birks served as a prototype to many Canadian entrepreneurs of the 19th century. The son of English immigrants, his education was focused primarily on commerce, and he subsequently put it into practice by working in a large and successful firm.  As soon as the circumstances would permit, he started his own company, which prospered and ultimately became a Canada-wide commercial empire.

Five successive generations of the Birks family have been involved in Henry Birks and Sons since its founding in 1879.  One of Birks' sons, Gerald Birks, proposed an educational system for Canadian soldiers known as the Khaki University, which was ultimately implemented for all soldiers in 1917.

The William and Henry Birks Building at Montreal's McGill University, a Collegiate Gothic structure on University Street, is named in honour of Birks and one of his sons.

References

External links

 

1840 births
1928 deaths
Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople
Businesspeople from Montreal
High School of Montreal alumni
Burials at Mount Royal Cemetery
Express Yourself (album)

Express Yourself is a 2004 (see 2004 in music) album featuring a jazz trio, led by the Dutch jazz pianist and composer Erik van der Luijt.

History
In April 2003 Erik van der Luijt decided to record a new album and within a month he had picked 15 jazz standards, most of them from the repertoire he had been playing with his trio for the past seven years. However, three days before the original recording date he changed his mind.

Van der Luijt quotes the fact that two members of the trio had recently married and all three had recently become a father as the drive behind the album. An increased sense of responsibility made them search more than ever for a distinctive style in order to draw more attention to themselves. Three days before the original recording date he decided that recording standards was not the best way to do this and began writing his own compositions.

The trio recorded them without rehearsal, but decided to wait until the new material had grown on them. In the following months Van der Luijt wrote forty compositions. These were all recorded (at Donk Studios in the Netherlands) to be able to analyse them in the best possible way.

At that point drummer Philip ten Bosch had to drop out. He had taken a full-time job to be able to support his family. This was a major setback to the project because his original style of drumming had become an important part of the trio's sound. He was replaced by Victor de Boo, who had briefly worked with Van der Luijt years earlier.

The album Express Yourself was hailed as "a masterpiece" in the press. "Erik van der Luijt knows his Oscar Peterson, Tommy Flanagan and Bill Evans and used their influences to create an exquisite mixture in which coquetry and adventure go hand-in-hand. At times he even comes close to Flanagan's masterpiece Jazz Poet. Those who know this monument from the piano discography, appreciate that there is hardly a bigger compliment." - Jeroen de Valk, Het Utrechts Nieuwsblad

Track listing
"Corleone"  – 5:21
"Keep On Walking"  – 4:34
"Havana Blue"  – 3:25
"Minor Changes"  – 7:30
"Mucho Macho"  – 5:46
"Nostalgia"  – 4:51
"Me And My Guitar"  – 4:10
"Ilse & Ellen"  – 4:41
"Land of the Triplets"  – 4:52
"Skyscape"  – 4:24
"No Guts No Glory"  – 5:41

All music composed by Erik van der Luijt

Personnel
 Erik van der Luijt - piano
 Branko Teuwen - bass
 Victor de Boo - drums

References

External links
 Official Web Site of Erik van der Luijt

2004 albums
Erik van der Luijt albums
John Sampson

John Sampson may refer to:

John Sampson (13th century), Constable of Stirling Castle
John Sampson (linguist) (1862–1931), Irish linguist
John Sampson (musician) (born 1955), Scottish musician
John A. Sampson (1873–1946), American gynecologist and medical researcher
John H. Sampson, professor of surgery, biomedical engineering, immunology, and pathology
John J. Sampson, American lawyer and professor
John L. Sampson (born 1965), New York state senator
John Patterson Sampson (1837–1928), African American abolitionist, newspaper publisher, journalist, lawyer, judge, and minister
John Sampson (character), fictional character in James Patterson's Alex Cross novel series
John Sampson (North Carolina politician) (1719–1784), American Revolutionary military officer, government official, and politician
John Sampson (footballer) (1908–2001), Australian rules footballer
National Anthem of the Ancient Britons

"National Anthem of the Ancient Britons", also known as "Woad" or "The Woad Ode", is a humorous song, set to the tune of "Men of Harlech".  It first became popular in the 1920s as a song in the British Boy Scouts and appeared in The Hackney Scout Song Book (Stacy & Son Ltd, 1921). The author was William Hope-Jones, a housemaster at Eton, who wrote it some time before 1914, as he sang it at a College dinner at that time.  "Ho Jo" appears in the M. R. James' ghost story Wailing Well (1928), in which a group of masters take the Eton Scout Troop on an ill-fated camping expedition. The song recounts the ancient British tradition of fighting naked, dyed with woad. It has also been known as "The Woad Song" and "Woad of Harlech".

Lyrics
1.
What's the good of wearing braces,
Vests and pants and boots with laces,
Spats or hats you buy in places
Down in Brompton Road?

What's the use of shirts of cotton,
Studs that always get forgotten?
These affairs are simply rotten:
Better far is woad.

Woad's the stuff to show, men.
Woad to scare your foemen:
Boil it to a brilliant hue
And rub it on your back and your abdomen.

Ancient Briton ne'er did hit on
Anything as good as woad to fit on
Neck, or knees, or where you sit on.
Tailors, you be blowed.

2.
Romans came across the Channel
All wrapped up in tin and flannel:
Half a pint of woad per man'll
Dress us more than these.

Saxons, you can waste your stitches
Building beds for bugs in britches:
We have woad to clothe us, which is
Not a nest for fleas.

Romans keep your armours;
Saxons your pyjamas:
Hairy coats were meant for goats,
Gorillas, yaks, retriever dogs and llamas.

Tramp up Snowdon with our woad on:
Never mind if we get rained or blowed on.
Never want a button sewed on.
Go it, Ancient Bs.

Variants
Last-line variations include: "Go it, Ancient Britons", "If you stick to Woad", "Bottoms up to woad", "W - O - A - D", "Good for us today", "Go it Ancient Brits", "Woad for us today!" and "Bollocks to the breeze!"

The song appeared in a YHA Songbook from the Youth Hostels Association in the early 1970s. A version of the song appears in the 2009 novel Skin Overcoat by British author Skee Morif.

Published versions
 The Hackney Scout Song Book (Stacy & Son Ltd, ten editions; 1921 to 1972).
 Dick and Beth Best The New Song Fest. Intercollegiate Outing Club Association, 1961. May be in 1948 and 1955 editions also.
 Anthony Hopkins Songs from the Front and Rear: Canadian Servicemen's Songs of the Second World War. 1979 
 Skee Morif Skin Overcoat. 2009

Recordings
 Joe Hickerson with a Gathering of Friends Folk Legacy 2002
 Oak, Ash & Thorn Sowing Wild Oats & Out On a Limb

References

British songs
Comedy songs
1921 songs
Songs about the United Kingdom
Homer Adkins

Homer Adkins may refer to:

 Homer Martin Adkins (1890–1964), Governor of Arkansas 
 Homer Burton Adkins (1892–1949), American chemist
Sun chart

A Sun chart is a graph of the ecliptic of the Sun through the sky throughout the year at a particular latitude.

Description
Most sun charts plot azimuth versus altitude throughout the days of the winter solstice and summer solstice, as well as a number of intervening days. Since the apparent movement of the Sun as viewed from Earth is  nearly symmetrical about the solstice, plotting dates for one half of the year gives a good approximation for the rest of the year. Thus, to simplify the diagram, some sun charts show days for different months as the same, e.g. March 21 equals September 21. The accompanying sun chart for Berlin accounts for deviations in symmetry between the two halves of the year through the use of the analemma, represented by each figure eight on the chart.

The graph may show the entire horizon or only that half of the horizon closest to the equator. Sky view obstructions can be superimposed upon a Sun chart to obtain the insolation of a location.

See also
Sun path

References

External links

Tool for Calculation of Sun’s Position
How Many Jupiter's Can Fit in the Sun?

Sun
Thai Post

Thai Post () is a daily Thai-language newspaper in Thailand. It is owned by the Thai Journal Group Co. Its circulation is in the 100,000-150,000 range. Currently the HQ is in Klong Toei, Bangkok.

Political Stance 
Thai Post has a biased political reporting in favor of Thai conservatism and nationalism. The newspaper often publishes news with oversensational and misleading headlines, and often using disinformation tactics to attack government opposition and critics.

On 16 July 2003, the newspaper published comments from media rights advocate Supinya Klangnarong, who said that the Shin Corporation, then majority-owned by the family of Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, had benefited because of favorable policies by the Thaksin government. The newspaper was named as a co-defendant, along with Supinya, in a criminal libel lawsuit brought by Shin Corp. A civil suit sought 400 million baht in compensation. After the Thaksin family sold its shares in Shin Corp to Singapore's Temasek Holdings, the company offered to drop the lawsuit on the condition that Supinya apologized for her comments. Supinya refused the offer. On 14 March 2006, the Criminal Court threw out the criminal lawsuit, saying the article in the Thai Post was presented in good faith and in the public's best interest. On 8 May 2006, Shin Corp. asked that the civil lawsuit be withdrawn. Neither Supinya nor Thai Post had any objections, so the court withdrew the civil suit.

See also 
 Media of Thailand

References

External links 
 ThaiPost.net

1996 establishments in Thailand
Mass media in Bangkok
Newspapers published in Thailand
Newspapers established in 1996
Thai news websites
Thai-language newspapers
Sarah Adler

Sarah Adler (; born 1978) is a French and Israeli actress with dual citizenship.

Career
Adler is now best known for her performances in the 2017 Israeli films Foxtrot and The Cakemaker; earlier in her career her notable films included Stones (2004), directed by her husband Raphael Nadjari; Our Music (2004), directed by Jean-Luc Godard; and Marie Antoinette (2006). Adler was nominated for European Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in Our Music, and Ophir Award for Best Actress for her performance in Jellyfish which won the Cannes Film Festivals' Caméra d'or.

In 2018, she won the Ophir Award for Best Actress for her role in The Cakemaker.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links 
 

French film actresses
French television actresses
21st-century French Jews
Israeli film actresses
Israeli television actresses
Jewish Israeli actresses
Living people
Actresses from Paris
20th-century French actresses
20th-century Israeli actresses
21st-century French actresses
21st-century Israeli actresses
1978 births
Ernest Shears

The Reverend Ernest Henry Shears (1849, Streatham – 20 February 1917, Stafford) was an Anglican clergyman in South Africa.

Ernest Henry Shears was the ninth son of James Henry Shears (1788-1855), a partner of James Shears and Sons, and Mary Mann (1810-1893). He was educated at King's College London and St John's College, Cambridge, and in 1871 was ordained a deacon in the Church of England.

After being ordained, he went to Natal in South Africa, where he became Archdeacon of Durban (1887-1892).

He then returned to England and eventually retired to Stafford, where he died on 20 February 1917.

On 14 January 1875 Ernest Shears married Mary Seawell Boulger, by whom he had three children, one of whom, Cuthbert Shears, also entered the Church.

He was a cousin of Rev. Augustus Shears and Rev. Frederick Spurrell.

References

1849 births
1917 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Alumni of King's College London
People from Stafford
Anglican archdeacons in Africa
19th-century English Anglican priests
Morphine (disambiguation)

Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic drug.

Morphine may also refer to:

 Morphine (band), an American alternative rock band
 Morphine (film), a 2008 Russian film by Aleksei Balabanov
 "Morphine", a song by Kish Mauve from Black Heart
 "Morphine", a song by Michael Jackson from Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix

See also 
 Morpheus (disambiguation)
 Morphia (disambiguation)
Inada conditions

In macroeconomics, the Inada conditions, named after Japanese economist Ken-Ichi Inada, are assumptions about the shape of a function, usually applied to a production function or a utility function. When the production function of a neoclassical growth model satisfies the Inada conditions, then it guarantees the stability of an economic growth path. The conditions as such had been introduced by Hirofumi Uzawa.

Statement

Given a continuously differentiable function , where  and , the conditions are:

the value of the function  at  is 0: 
the function is concave on , i.e. the Hessian matrix  needs to be negative-semidefinite. Economically this implies that the marginal returns for input  are positive, i.e.  , but decreasing, i.e. 
the limit of the first derivative is positive infinity as  approaches 0: , meaning that the effect of the first unit of input  has the largest effect
the limit of the first derivative is zero as  approaches positive infinity: , meaning that the effect of one additional unit of input  is 0 when approaching the use of infinite units of

Consequences

The elasticity of substitution between goods is defined for the production function  as , where  is the marginal rate of technical substitution.
It can be shown that the Inada conditions imply that the elasticity of substitution between components is asymptotically equal to one (although the production function is not necessarily asymptotically Cobb–Douglas, a commonplace production function for which this condition holds).
 
In stochastic neoclassical growth model, if the production function does not satisfy the Inada condition at zero, any feasible path converges to zero with probability one provided that the shocks are sufficiently volatile.

References

Further reading 
 
 
 

Economic growth
Eponyms in economics
Aranuka Airport

Aranuka Airport  is an airport, located approximately one kilometre north of the centre of Buariki village on the island of Buariki, Aranuka, Kiribati.

The airport is served twice a week by Air Kiribati from Kuria Airport on Kuria. From there, the aircraft continues twenty minutes after having landed to Bonriki International Airport, Tarawa.

Airlines and destinations

Notes

Airports in Kiribati
Aranuka
List of Northern Exposure episodes

Northern Exposure is an American Northern comedy-drama television series about the eccentric residents of a fictional small town in Alaska, that ran on CBS from July 12, 1990, to July 26, 1995, with a total of 110 episodes. It received a total of 57 award nominations during its five-year run and won 27, including the 1992 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series, two additional Primetime Emmy Awards, four Creative Arts Emmy Awards, and two Golden Globes. Critic John Leonard called Northern Exposure "the best of the best television in the past 10 years".

Overview

Synopses

Season 1 (1990)

Season 2 (1991)

Season 3 (1991–92)

Season 4 (1992–93)

Season 5 (1993–94)

Season 6 (1994–95)

Ratings

Notes and references

Lists of American comedy-drama television series episodes

it:Un medico tra gli orsi#Episodi
Electride

An electride is an ionic compound in which an electron is the anion. Solutions of alkali metals in ammonia are electride salts. In the case of sodium, these blue solutions consist of [Na(NH3)6]+ and solvated electrons: 
Na  +  6 NH3  →   [Na(NH3)6]+ + e−
The cation [Na(NH3)6]+ is an octahedral coordination complex.

Solid salts
Addition of a complexant like crown ether or [2.2.2]-cryptand to a solution of [Na(NH3)6]+e− affords [Na (crown ether)]+e− or [Na(2,2,2-crypt)]+e−. Evaporation of these solutions yields a blue-black paramagnetic solid with the formula [Na(2,2,2-crypt)]+e−.

Most solid electride salts decompose above 240 K, although [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e−)4 is stable at room temperature. In these salts, the electron is delocalized between the cations. Electrides are paramagnetic, and are Mott insulators. Properties of these salts have been analyzed.

ThI2 and ThI3 have also been reported to be electride compounds.  Similarly, , , , and  are all electride salts with a tricationic metal ion.

Reactions
Solutions of electride salts are powerful reducing agents, as demonstrated by their use in the Birch reduction. Evaporation of these blue solutions affords a mirror of Na metal. If not evaporated, such solutions slowly lose their colour as the electrons reduce ammonia:
2[Na(NH3)6]+e− → 2NaNH2 + 10NH3 + H2
This conversion is catalyzed by various metals. An electride, [Na(NH3)6]+e−, is formed as a reaction intermediate.

High-pressure elements
Theoretical evidence supports electride behaviour in insulating high-pressure forms of potassium, sodium, and lithium. Here the isolated electron is stabilized by efficient packing, which reduces enthalpy under external pressure. The electride is identified by a maximum in the electron localization function, which distinguishes the electride from pressure-induced metallization. Electride phases are typically semiconducting or have very low conductivity, usually with a complex optical response. A sodium compound called disodium helide has been created under  of pressure.

Layered electrides (Electrenes)
Layered electrides or electrenes are single-layer materials consisting of alternating atomically thin two-dimensional layers of electrons and ionized atoms. The first example was Ca2N, in which the charge (+4) of two calcium ions is balanced by the charge of a nitride ion (-3) in the ion layer plus a charge (-1) in the electron layer.

See also
F-center

References

Further reading
 
JCTC

Salts
Electron
Junichiro Itani

was a Japanese anthropologist who served as a professor emeritus at Kyoto University and as president of the Primate Society of Japan. He is considered a founder of the discipline of Japanese primatology. He died at age 75 of pneumonia. As with most Japanese primatologists, his early research was on Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), but most of his career focused on African primates, especially chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). He started research in Africa in 1958. The majority of his work was based around the social structures of primate society.

Itani graduated in 1951 from Kyoto University, and became professor in the Faculty of Science in 1981. He founded the university's Primate Research Institute and the Center for African Area Studies. He also served as professor at Kobe Gakuin University. In 1984, he received the Huxley Award in Anthropology from the Royal Anthropological Institute in London.

Books available in English
 Japanese Monkeys in Takasakiyama (1954)
 Hominid culture in primate perspective / Duane Quiatt and Junichiro Itani, editors (1994)
 A Comparative study of ecological anthropology in tropical Africa 
 Great Ape Societies by William C McGrew; Linda F Marchant; Toshisada Nishida; Jane Goodall and Junichiro Itani

References

1926 births
2001 deaths
20th-century Japanese zoologists
Primatologists
Japanese mammalogists
Academic staff of Kyoto University
Kyoto University alumni
Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon
Hans Robert Scultetus

Hans Robert Scultetus (*20 March 1904 in Halle (Saale) - 17 March 1976) was a German meteorologist, who headed the Pflegestätte für Wetterkunde (Meteorology Section) of the Nazi Ahnenerbe think tank.
"
Scultetus earned his PhD with the dissertation "Die Beobachtungen der Erdbodentemperaturen im Beobachtungsnetze des Preußischen Meteorologischen Instituts während der Jahre 1912 bis 1927" at the Berlin University in 1930.

Scultetus was appointed head of the Ahnenerbe's Meteorology Section by Heinrich Himmler, who was convinced that Hanns Hörbiger's Welteislehre could be used to provide accurate long-range weather forecasts. Scultetus held the SS rank of Obersturmführer (First Lieutenant) at the time.

Scultetus published Klimatologie in 1969.

Notes

Scultetus, Han Robert
SS-Obersturmführer
John Wharton

John Wharton may refer to:

Politicians
John Wharton (fl. 1407–1420), MP for Guildford
John Wharton (MP for Beverley) (1765–1843)
John Lloyd Wharton (1837–1912), British Member of Parliament for Durham, 1871–1874, and Ripon, 1886–1906

Others
John Austin Wharton (1806–1838), soldier and statesman in the Republic of Texas
John A. Wharton (1828–1865), lawyer, planter, and Confederate general during the American Civil War
John F. Wharton (lawyer) (1894–1977), American lawyer and founding partner of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP
John F. Wharton (general) (born c. 1957), U.S. Army major general and career logistics officer
John Harrison Wharton (1954–2018), American engineer specializing in microprocessors
Diana (1840 ship)

Diana was a whaling ship built in 1840, in Bremen, Germany. She sailed out of Hull, England. In 1858 a steam engine was installed, making her the first steam-powered whaler to sail from Hull (Tay from Dundee was the first ever, a year earlier). Records held in Kingston upon Hull, claimed that the steam engine was installed in Diana in 1857, and, according to Dundee websites, in Tay in 1859.

Trapped in the ice

In 1866, while on a whaling expedition in Baffin Bay, Diana became frozen in the ice, where it was trapped for over six months. The ship's captain, 64-year-old John Gravill, and many of the crew died. The diary of the ship's doctor, Charles Edward Smith, was published in the book From the Deep of the Sea. (). After the death of the Gravill, the ice-master George Clarke takes command of the ship and William Lofley navigates the Diana to Lerwick. There is a memorial fountain to Diana'''s return from the ice in the town of Lerwick in the Shetland Islands, as many of the crew originated from the islands and all the deceased except the captain were buried there.  Charles Smith's services and heroism were recognised by the award of a set of surgical instruments from the Board of Trade.  Captain Gravill's body was taken back to Hull, and his funeral was attended by an estimated fifteen thousand people.

Fate
On 20 October 1869, while making her way back from the Davis Strait, Diana encountered a strong gale, and was washed into the Donna Nook sands, on the Lincolnshire coast, and broke up. Her crew were rescued by the lifeboat North Briton. Diana was the last whaling ship from the port of Hull. Her loss ended the whaling industry of the city.

Captains
This is a partial list of Captains of Diana'':
 John Gravill Sr. (1856–57, 1861, 1865-1867 [died on board])
 George Clarke (14 February 1867 – 16 April 1867) (Elected Captain after the death of John Graville whilst the ship beset in the ice)
 John Gravill Jr. (1858–60)
 William Wells (1863)
 Robert Day (16 April 1867-Loss)

See also
 Whaling in the United Kingdom

References

External links
 
Hullwebs History of Hull

Whaling ships
Barques
Age of Sail ships of the United Kingdom
Fishing vessels of the United Kingdom
Shipwrecks in the North Sea
Baffin Bay
Maritime incidents in October 1869
History of Lincolnshire
Ships built in Bremen (state)
1840 ships
History of Kingston upon Hull
History of Shetland
Ships built in Germany
Masao Kawai

was a Japanese primatologist, who introduced the concept of kyōkan as a means of studying primates in his book Life of Japanese Monkeys (1969).

Notes

External links
Interview with Shigeru Miyamoto

1924 births
2021 deaths
20th-century Japanese zoologists
Primatologists
Japanese mammalogists
Japanese nature writers
Japanese science writers
Kyoto University alumni
Academic staff of Kyoto University
Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon
People from Hyōgo Prefecture
Ken-Ichi Inada

was a Japanese economist.

Beginning in the 1950s, Inada wrote a number of important papers on welfare economics, economic growth and international trade. His contributions include an early extension of Kenneth Arrow's impossibility theorem on the existence of a social welfare function (1955). Inada's extension of the Stolper–Samuelson theorem to the many-good, many-factor case is also considered as a classic piece in trade theory (1971).

Inada has taught at universities including Osaka University and Tokyo Metropolitan University, served as a member of the honorary board of editors for the Japanese Economic Review since its first publishing in 1995, as well as being elected president of the Japanese Economic Association in 1980.

He is known for the Inada conditions on a production function that can guarantee the stability of an economic growth path in a neoclassical growth model.

Selected journal articles
 
 
 
 
 

1925 births
2002 deaths
People from Gunma Prefecture
Japanese economists
University of Tokyo alumni
Academic staff of Tokyo Metropolitan University
Academic staff of Osaka University
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon
Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class
Presidents of the Japanese Economic Association
Kyokan

Kyokan () is a Japanese word that means "feel one with". It is used in many fields. 

One example is a concept forwarded by Masao Kawai as a means of studying primates in the field. It first appeared to Western primatologists in Kawai's book Life of Japanese Monkeys (1969).

For primatologists, the kyokan method is a very subjective and empathic form of research. It involves feelings of mutual relationship, attachment and shared experience between both the researcher and their subject.

In Kawai's own words; "By positively entering the group, by making contact on some level, objectivity can be established. It is on this basis that the experimental method can be introduced into natural behaviour study and which makes scientific analysis possible". His use of the term kyokan seems to be somewhat unusual amongst his peers in Japanese primatology, but the underlying principles are part of the foundation of the Japanese discipline in the field.

Another example of how the word is used can be seen in game creation. Shigeru Miyamoto, creator of Donkey Kong, Mario and The Legend of Zelda amongst other games, wants game creators to feel kyokan with the future users of their games. He wants "the players to feel about the game what the developers felt themselves."

Japanese words and phrases
Primatology
John Winston

John Winston may refer to:

John A. Winston (1812–1871), Governor of Alabama
John Winston (actor) (1927–2019), English actor
Alliance for Europe of the Nations

The Alliance for Europe of the Nations was a pan-European political party that gathered conservative and national-conservative political parties from across the continent.

History
The AEN was founded in 2002, designed to complement the existing Union for Europe of the Nations group in the European Parliament.  Moves towards establishing standardised funding block grants for European political parties were at this point well afoot, and the parties affiliated with UEN required a corresponding organisation to take advantage of them.

Almost immediately upon its founding, the AEN began to decline in terms of membership and influence.  At its first meeting, participants included the Czech Civic Democratic Party, Portuguese CDS-PP, Israeli Likud, Irish Fianna Fáil, Italian National Alliance and the Greek Popular Orthodox Rally, all of which later left the organisation.

The AEN had a broadly national-conservative political line, but many members were uncomfortable with this. There was a strong movement for the centrist Fianna Fáil to leave AEN and join the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, which it did on 17 April 2009. Also, National Alliance, which despite its post-fascist background was a moderate national-conservative party strongly promoting European integration, grew uncomfortable with AEN and left it for the European People's Party by merging with Forza Italia to form The People of Freedom party on 27 March 2009.

MEPs elected from its member-parties were expected to sit in the affiliated Union for Europe of the Nations (UEN) group in the European Parliament, but UEN collapsed in 2009 following the 2009 European Parliament elections, and MEPs from AEN member parties were scattered across the European Conservatives and Reformists and Europe of Freedom and Democracy groups, and their respective European-level parties, the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists and Movement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy.

After those realignments, there were too few AEN member parties left to retain its EU-funded status as a political party at European level. The AEN's 2009 grant was rescinded.

Funding
The grants from the European Parliament to AEN from 2004 to 2010 were as follows:

Member parties

References

Pan-European political parties
Organisations based in Luxembourg City
Eurosceptic parties
2002 establishments in the European Union
2009 disestablishments in the European Union
Political parties established in 2002
Political parties disestablished in 2009
25 mm

25 mm may refer to:

25 mm caliber, a large caliber round, used by cannon and autocannon
25 mm grenade, an explosive round used by some grenade launchers
1 inch
Dornum

Dornum is a village and a municipality in the East Frisian district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated near the North Sea coast, approx. 15 km east of Norden, and 20 km north of Aurich.

Division of the municipality
The other towns in the municipality of Dornum are: Neßmersiel, Dornumersiel, Nesse, Roggenstede, Westerbur, Westeraccum, Schwittersum.

Notable places
Dornum is home to the Lutheran St. Bartholomaeus Church. Bartholomaeus church contains an organ built by Gerhard von Holy. The organ is now considered a national treasure. 

Dornum also houses the only surviving building of a synagogue in East Frisia. The synagogue was deconsecrated and sold on November 7, 1938 for 600 Reichsmarks to the neighboring master carpenter August Tessmer, who used it as a storeroom from then on. Nevertheless, on  Kristallnacht the windows of the building were smashed, the remaining furnishings were taken out of the building and burned on the market square. Sturmabteilung troops arrested all the Jewish residents of the town that night and took them to neighboring Norden, where other Jews from the district were also rounded up. Old people, women and children were released on the morning of November 10, the men were deported to Sachsenhausen concentration camp, from which they only returned weeks later. In the period that followed, the last Jews tried, as far as they were able, to leave Dornum or Germany. On September 13, 1939, 8 Jewish fellow citizens were still living in Dornum.

The receiving terminal for gas through Europipe I and II lies at Dornum. The gas is transported on from here through a 48-kilometre pipeline to Emden for quality and volume metering. From here the gas is routed to customers’ gas grids. The Czech Republic and Austria receive gas through Europipe II at Dornum. The Czechs take over the gas here for onward transport via the German St Katerina gas grid, at the German-Czech border. Austria takes over the gas at the German-Austrian border at Oberkappel.

Notable residents
Miene Schönberg (later known as Minnie Marx), was born in Dornum in 1865; she was the mother of the Marx brothers. Her brother Al Shean was likewise born in Dornum in 1868.

References

External links

 www.dornum.de 
 Pipe organ concert tour 

Towns and villages in East Frisia
Aurich (district)
Upper Zambezi yellowfish

The Upper Zambezi yellowfish, Labeobarbus codringtonii, is commonly found throughout the Zambezi and Okavango Rivers in Southern Africa. They prefer fast flowing water over cobble and rocky bottoms where they predominantly feed on aquatic insects and crustaceans. Their exaggerated fins help them manoeuvre in the fast water and they are powerful swimmers. The Zambezi yellowfish is highly sought after by sport anglers and fly fishing is the preferred method of catching them.

References

Labeobarbus
Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger
Fish described in 1908
Japanese Economic Association

The Japanese Economic Association (JEA) is the professional body of Japanese economists. The Japanese Economic Association is the largest, with more than 3,000 members, among academic economic associations in Japan. The Association is also one of the oldest, founded in 1934. The Association was reorganized as the Theoretical Economic Association and the Japanese Econometric Association. These two Associations were reunited as the Japan Association of Economics and Econometrics in 1968. The original name of the Association was restored in 1997. Its current president is Hideshi Itoh. It publishes the Japanese Economic Review.

The Association created an official prize, the Nakahara Prize, for the first time in 1995, named after its sponsor Nobuyuki Nakahara. The aim of the prize is honoring and encouraging young (under 45 years) economists to publish internationally recognised researches.

Founding members
Founding members of JEA included Yasuma Takada, Ichiro Nakayama, Shinzo Koizumi, and Seiichiro Takahashi.

Past and current presidents 
Ichiro Nakayama, 1968-1970
Takuma Yasui, 1970-1971
Fukukane Nikaido, 1978-1979
Nobuo Okishio, 1979-1980
Kenichi Miyazawa, 1981-1982
Takashi Negishi, 1985-1986
Syoujiro Fujino, 1986-1987
Masahiro Tatemoto, 1987-1988
Yoichi Shinkai, 1988-1989
Hirofumi Uzawa, 1989-1990
Shinji Moriguchi, 1990-1991 
Akihiro Amano, 1992-1993
Koichi Hamada, 1994-1995 
Masahiko Aoki, 1995-1996
Keimei Kaizuka, 1996-1997
Michio Hatanaka, 1997-1998
Michihiro Oyama, 1998-1999
Kotaro Suzumura, 1999-2000
Kazuo Nishimura, 2000-2001
Masahiro Okuno-Fujiwara, 2001-2002
Hiroshi Yoshikawa, 2002-2003
Tatsuo Hatta, 2003-2004
Takatoshi Ito, 2004-2005
Toshiaki Tachibanaki, 2005-2006
Kimio Morimune, 2006-2007
Takenori Inoki, 2007-2008
Makoto Yano, 2008-2009
Masahisa Fujita, 2009-2010
Toshihiro Ihori, 2010-2011
Kazuo Ueda, 2011-2012
Yoshio Higuchi, 2012-2013
Yuzo Honda, 2013-2014
Akira Okada, 2014-2015
Kazuo Mino, 2015-2016
Akihiko Matsui, 2016-2017
Michihiro Kandori, 2017-2018
Fumio Hayashi, 2018- 2019
Hidehiko Ichimura, 2019- 2020
Fumio Ohtake, 2020-2021
Masao Ogaki, 2021-May 28, 2022
Hideshi Itoh, May 28, 2022–present

References

External links 
Homepage

1934 establishments in Japan
Business and finance professional associations
Economics societies
Professional associations based in Japan
Organizations established in 1934
Clarens, Switzerland

Clarens-Montreux or Clarens is a neighborhood in the municipality of Montreux, in the canton of Vaud, in Switzerland. This neighborhood is the biggest and most populated of the city of Montreux.

Clarens was made famous throughout Europe by the immense success of the book La Nouvelle Héloïse by Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

Notable people 

 Lived in Clarens
 Élisée Reclus (1830–1905), renowned French geographer, writer and anarchist; resided in Clarens from 1872
 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893), the Russian composer of the Romantic period, wrote his Violin Concerto in Clarens in 1878; it is one of the best known violin concertos ever written.
 Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971), the Russian composer, lived in Clarens during the summers of 1910 to 1915. He composed his ballets The Rite of Spring and Pulcinella here.
 Sholem Aleichem (1859–1916), the Yiddish classic writer, resided in Clarens in 1912.

 Died in Clarens
 David Urquhart (1805–1877), Scottish diplomat, writer and politician, MP for Stafford 1847 to 1852, introduced the Turkish bath to Britain; lived in Clarens from 1864 and is buried here.
 Paul Kruger (1825–1904), ex-President of the Transvaal Republic up to and including the Second Boer War, lived his final year in self-imposed exile in Clarens after escaping from South Africa, and died there. Clarens, Free State, a small town in South Africa, was named in his honor. 
 Johannes van Laar (1860–1938), Dutch chemist who is best known for the equations regarding chemical activity (Van Laar equation).

 Buried in Clarens
 Sydney Chaplin (1885–1965), English actor and the elder half-brother of Sir Charlie Chaplin. He died in Nice and was buried in Clarens.
 Oskar Kokoschka (1886–1980), Austrian artist, poet and playwright of expressionistic portraits and landscapes, lived in Montreux from 1947 to 1980, where he died. He is buried in Clarens.
 Vladimir Nabokov (1899–1977), Russian-born novelist, poet, translator and entomologist; in 1961 he and Véra moved from the United States to Montreux, where he subsequently died. He is buried in Clarens.

Education 

St George's School in Switzerland, a British international school, is in Clarens.

Photo gallery

References

External links

Rescue society on the Geneva Lake "Mon Devoir", section of Clarens

Villages in the canton of Vaud
Populated places on Lake Geneva
Großefehn

Großefehn (East Frisian Low Saxon: Grō'fēn) is a municipality consisting of 14 villages in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km southeast of Aurich.

References

Towns and villages in East Frisia
Aurich (district)
Großheide

Großheide (East Frisian: Grootheid) is a village and a municipality in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km east of Norden, and 15 km northwest of Aurich.

Community structure 
The municipality Großheide consists of 10 districts and incorporated villages:

 Arle
 Berumerfehn
 Coldinne
 Großheide
 Menstede
 Ostermoordorf
 Südarle
 Südcoldinne
 Westerende 
 Westermoordorf

References

Towns and villages in East Frisia
Aurich (district)
The Japanese Economic Review

The Japanese Economic Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics published since 1959 by the Japanese Economic Association. It was formerly called The Economic Studies Quarterly.

Abstracting and indexing 
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 0.351, ranking it 275th out of 333 journals in the category "Economics".

See also 
 List of economics journals

References

External links
 

Economics journals
Academic journals established in 1959
Wiley-Blackwell academic journals
Quarterly journals
English-language journals
Hinte

Hinte is a village and a municipality in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 20 km south of Norden, and 6 km north of Emden.

References

Towns and villages in East Frisia
Aurich (district)
Dharanikota

Dharanikota is a village in Palnadu district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Amaravathi mandal of Guntur revenue division. The village forms a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region, under the jurisdiction of APCRDA.

History 
In 500 BCE, Dharanikota was known as Dhanyakatakam.

Archaeological excavations at Dharanikota revealed viharas in Dharanikota and nearby areas. It is the site of ancient Dhanyakataka, which was the capital of the Satavahana dynasty that ruled in the Deccan around the 1st to 3rd centuries CE. It was also the capital of the Kota Vamsa, which ruled during the medieval period until the mid-12th century. The Krishna River Valley is an important rice-producing area. It was also an important centre of trade with other parts of India and foreign countries. The place is also famous for the great Amaravati stupa; a very large Kalachakra ceremony was conducted there by the Dalai Lama in January, 2006. Xuanzang visited Dharanikota and the Amaravati stupa and wrote an enthusiastic account of the place and the viharas that existed then. Jainism flourished in Dharanikota during the reign of Sada kings.

Geography 

Dharanikota is situated to the west of the mandal headquarters, Amaravathi, at . It is spread over an area of .

Demographics 

 Census of India, Dharanikota had a population of 7,534. The total population constitute, 3,734 males and 3,800 females —a sex ratio of 1018 females per 1000 males. 725 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 368 are boys and 357 are girls —a ratio of 970 per 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 66.06% with 4,498 literates, slightly lower than the state average of 67.41%.

Government and politics 

Dharanikota Gram Panchayat is the local self-government of the village. It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member. The village is administered by the  Amaravathi Mandal Parishad at the intermediate level of panchayat raj institutions.

Education 

As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has a total of eight schools. These schools include five MPP and three private schools.

References

Citations

Sources 
 

Former capital cities in India
Villages in Palnadu district
Archaeological sites in Andhra Pradesh
Buddhist sites in Andhra Pradesh
Ancient Indian cities
Green star

Green star may refer to:

Green star (astronomy), a white or blue star that appears to be green due to an optical illusion
One of the Esperanto symbols, the green star, or verda stelo
Green Star (Australia), an environmental rating system for buildings in Australia
Green Star Express, a bus company in the Philippines
Green Star Media, a British publishing company
Green Star Line, an American shipping line of 1919–1923
Green Star Series, five science fantasy novels by Lin Carter
Sto-Oa, a fictional star that lies at the center of the DC Comics universe
Ihlow

Ihlow () is a village and a municipality in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 8 km southwest of Aurich, and 15 km east of Emden.

References

Towns and villages in East Frisia
Aurich (district)
Yahoo Radish

Yahoo Radish was a web-based music playlist archive that worked in conjunction with Yahoo Music Unlimited streaming music service. The site was published in a blog format with archived playlists organized by subject, situation, hits, cover songs and other categories. Users could click on a hyperlink to load and play any of the hundreds of playlists available on the site.

Yahoo Radish was a free service to help music consumers find themed song lists and discover music in The Long Tail.

External links
 http://music.yahoo.com/
 

Online music and lyrics databases
Yahoo!
American music websites
Revised Philadelphia Plan

The Revised Philadelphia Plan, often called the Philadelphia Plan, required government contractors in Philadelphia to hire minority workers, under the authority of Executive Order 11246. Declared illegal in 1968, a revised version was successfully defended by the Nixon administration and its allies in Congress against those who saw it as an illegal quota program. US Department of Labor Assistant Secretary for Wage and Labor Standards Arthur Fletcher implemented the plan in 1969 based on an earlier plan developed in 1967 by the Office of Federal Contract Compliance and the Philadelphia Federal Executive Board. The plan required federal contractors to meet certain goals for the hiring of minority employees by specific dates in order to combat institutionalized discrimination on the part of specific skilled building trades unions. The plan was quickly extended to other cities.

In 1971, the Contractors Association of Eastern Pennsylvania challenged the plan and Executive Order 11246 by arguing that it was beyond the President's constitutional authority, that it was inconsistent with Titles VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and that it was inconsistent with the National Labor Relations Act. The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit rejected the challenges and the US Supreme Court declined to hear the case, Contractors Association of Eastern Pennsylvania v. Secretary of Labor, in October.

See also
Affirmative action
Ethnic penalty

References

External links 
 Ruth Bader Ginsburg, "Affirmative Action as an International Human Rights Dialogue: Considered Opinion", Winter 2000

History of Philadelphia
History of affirmative action in the United States
Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson
Presidency of Richard Nixon