alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Walton Evans

Anthony Walton White Evans (October 31, 1817 – November 28, 1886), known as Walton Evans, was an American civil engineer whose work included countless railroad and canal commissions in North and South America during the mid-nineteenth century.

Birth
He was born on October 31, 1817, in New Brunswick, New Jersey, to Thomas M. Evans and Eliza Mary White. His siblings included: Elizabeth Margaret Evans and Isabelle Johanna Evans. His maternal grandfather was Brigadier General Anthony Walton White, an American Revolutionary War veteran.

Education
He attended local schools before entering the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1834. He left the school in October 1836, and then served as an assistant engineer on the Erie Canal. In 1845 he became an assistant to Allan Campbell in the construction of the New York and Harlem Railroad extension to Albany, New York. The following year he became the resident engineer on the job but resigned in 1850 to join Campbell in building the Copiapo Railroad in Chile. Evans completed the road in 1853 after Campbell's departure. Evans then served as Chief Engineer for the construction of the Arica and Tacna Railroad in Peru from 1853 to 1856.

He returned to New York and worked as a consultant for the Lima and Oroya Railway in Peru.  In that capacity, he designed the Verrugas Viaduct.  This bridge was engineered by Leffert L. Buck.  Also working on the railway was Virgil Bogue.  Both of these men were fellow RPI graduates.

Marriage
Evans returned to the United States and married Anna Zimmerman on June 24, 1856. The couple moved to Chile where Evans supervised the building of the Southern Railroad, which ran for fifty miles south of Santiago. The railroad was completed in 1860.

After his return to New York in 1860 he became a consulting engineer, and designed the Varrugas Viaduct on the Luna & Oroya Railroad. He acted as agent for a number of foreign railways to purchase equipment and recruit staff, including two locomotives for the Victorian Railways in Australia in 1876 and the NZR K class of 1877, the first American locomotives supplied to the New Zealand Government Railways. He always recommended the use of American locomotives and cars over those built in Europe. From 1862 to 1864, he served as the engineer for the Port of New York and in 1865, he became President of the United States Petroleum Company. He also was President of the Spuyten Duyvil Rolling Mill.

He was interested in what would become the Panama Canal in Central America, and he attended the 1879 International Congress on the Canal in Paris, France. Evans collected books, and paintings which were displayed at his home, Sans Souci, in New Rochelle, New York. He donated his collection to the Smithsonian Institution before his death. He died on November 28, 1886.

References

External links
Evan's Family Papers at the RPI archives website

1817 births
1886 deaths
Morris family (Morrisania and New Jersey)
American civil engineers
People from New Rochelle, New York
People from New Brunswick, New Jersey
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Engineers from New York (state)
Engineers from New Jersey
Manseok Park

Manseok Park is a large public park in the Jeongja-dong area of Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea.

Facilities
The centrepiece of the park is a man-made reservoir around which there is a 1200 m track used for walking, running, rollerblading and cycling.  There is a huge paved area and permanent stage on the east side of the park, which hosts various outdoor events and celebrations every year, while the Suwon Arts Centre can be found on the south side.  The park is also home to the 14 tennis-courts(Manseok tennis-court/Hard court) of the North Suwon Tennis Club. The specialized tennis shop is on the first floor across from the tennis court. There is a full size dirt soccer pitch on the west side and a high quality astroturf soccer pitch on the east side of the park.

In 2004 the Suwon X-games skatepark opened at Manseok.  This public facility has two half pipes (one being the highest public half-pipe in Korea) and a large selection of top-quality ramps, rails and boxes.  There is an oval speed track around the perimeter of the park for rollerbladers.

The park also features high quality restrooms in accordance with Suwon City Council's stated policy.

Events
Each June the park hosts the Suwon Galbi Festival, a highlight of the Korean gastronomic calendar.  Galbi (marinated, barbecued beef ribs) originates from Suwon and is served all over Korea and around the world.  The event consists of a massive number of pojangmacha (Hangeul: 포장마차) being erected and cooking up as much galbi as possible, accompanied by plenty of soju.

During the 2002 FIFA World Cup, Manseok became the Suwon World Cup Park and large screens and stages were erected to celebrate the country's co-hosting of the event.  Tens of thousands of fans from Korea and around the world witnessed the performances of the South Korean team on the big screens.

Food and drink
The park has a variety of restaurants and bars along the street to the north-east.  There is a wide range of Korean food, including galmaegisal (갈매기살) and stewed chicken (닭백숙), and Datzzang Donkas recently opened its first branch outside Seoul here.  There is a range of Korean-style bars, and also It Bar, a western-style alternative.

Transport
Most buses which serve north Suwon and many express buses between Suwon and Seoul stop just outside the park, including the frequent 65 (Anyang - Woncheon Resort) and the 7770 (Suwon Station - Sadang (Seoul) express).  The nearest subway stop is Hwaseo on Line 1.  The park is also close to the Suwon kt Wiz park baseball stadium and the Suwon FC football stadium.

See also
Parks in South Korea

References

External links
Invil profile

Parks in Gyeonggi Province
Tourist attractions in Suwon
Exocet (typeface)

Exocet is a typeface designed by the British typographer Jonathan Barnbrook for the Emigre foundry in 1991. It was originally designed for the European annual series Illustration Now.

The font is inspired by ancient incised Greek and Roman letter carvings, with geometric shapes used for the main construction. For example, its stylized Q is based on qoppa, an ancient form of Q. The O with a cross () is an early form of theta.

It is an all-capital font, but with different capital glyphs for both lowercase and capital letters. However, the only letter that has visually distinct forms is T, with the lowercase t being a cross.

Variants

It is available in "light" and "heavy" varieties. There is no italic.

A sans version of the font from the same designer, called Patriot, was released in 1997.

Notable uses

It was used extensively for product designs in the 1990s, most notably for the American tea company Tazo. It was also used on the album cover of Donald Fagen's 1993 album Kamakiriad. It can be seen in the 1993 movie Demolition Man where it is used extensively in the museum scene. It was also used in the film Dogma, the film Star Trek Nemesis, the Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting Planescape, the English translation of the Korean manhwa Priest, the Diablo computer game series, the Double Switch full motion video game, and the Sony PlayStation scrolling shooter game Einhänder.

See also 
 Samples of display typefaces

References 

Emigre typefaces
Incised typefaces
Display typefaces
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1991
Typefaces designed by Jonathan Barnbrook
Ali Fawzi Rebaine

Ali Fawzi Rebaine () (born 24 January 1955 in Algiers) is the leader of the Ahd 54 political party in Algeria.

He is an optician and human rights-activist, and claims to have founded Algeria's first independent human rights association. In 1983-84 and again in 1985–87, he was imprisoned by the Algerian government for endangering the security of the state and forming an illegal association.

Rebaine founded Ahd 54 (named after the start of the Algerian War of Independence in 1954) and became its first secretary-general in 1991. He was re-elected in 1998, although the party has had little impact on Algerian politics. Rebaine ran again as its candidate in the Algerian presidential election of 2004, but ended up with only 0,6% of the vote.

References

1955 births
Living people
Politicians from Algiers
Ahd 54 politicians
Members of the People's National Assembly
Algerian prisoners and detainees
Prisoners and detainees of Algeria
21st-century Algerian people
Tankei

Tankei (湛慶 1173 – June 13, 1256) was a Japanese sculptor of the Kei school, which flourished in the Kamakura period. He was the student of and eldest son of the master sculptor Unkei.

Famous works
Statue of Sahasrabhuja-arya-avalokiteśvara in the temple known as Sanjusangen-dō in Kyoto.
The statue of Ugyō, one of the Niō guardians at the Nandaimon in front of the temple Tōdai-ji in Nara, with Jōkaku and 12 assistant sculptors.

References
 Hiromichi Soejima, « Japan, §V: Sculpture > (iv) Kamakura period (1185–1333) » [archive], Oxford Art Online, université d’Oxford. Consulté le 3 août 2012
 Hisashi Mōri, Sculpture of the Kamakura period, vol. 11, Weatherhill, coll. « Heibonsha Survey of Japanese Art », 1974 (), p. 70
 Victor Harris et Ken Matsushima, Kamakura: the renaissance of Japanese sculpture 1185–1333, British Museum Press, 2010 (), p. 36-37

Kei school
1173 births
1256 deaths
Japanese sculptors
People of Heian-period Japan
People of Kamakura-period Japan
Heian period Buddhists
Kamakura period Buddhists
Idle animation

Idle animations are animations within video games that occur when the player character is not performing any actions. They serve to give games personality, as an Easter Egg for the player, or for realism.

History 
One of the earliest games to feature an idle animation was Android Nim in 1978. The androids blink, look around, and seemingly talk to one another until the player gives an order. Another two early examples are Maziacs and The Pharaoh's Curse released in 1983. Idle animations grew in usage throughout the 16 bit era. Incorporating idle animations was done to give personality towards games and their characters  as they are the only in-game actions aside from cutscenes where the characters are free to act independent of the player's input.  The idle animation length and details can depend on interaction between the player and character, such as third person player idle animations are longer to avoid looking robotic on repeated viewing.  In modern 3D games idle animation are done to give realism. For games targeting towards younger audiences the idle animations are more likely to be complex or humorous. In comparison games targeted towards older audiences tend to include more basic idle animations.

Examples 

 Maziacs - The sprite character will tap his feet, blink, and sit down.
 Sonic the Hedgehog - Sonic will impatiently tap his foot when the player does not move.
 Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy Kong's Quest - Diddy Kong juggles a few balls after a few seconds without input.
 Super Mario 64 - Mario looks around and eventually will fall asleep.
 Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas - Carl "CJ" Johnson will sing songs including "Nuthin' But A'G' Thang" and "My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It)."
 Red Dead Redemption 2 - When left on a horse for a while Arthur Morgan will pet the horse.

References

External links
 Idle animations at Giant Bomb, games with idle animations

Video game development
Animation techniques
Charles N. Herreid

Charles Nelson Herreid (October 20, 1857 – July 6, 1928) was the fourth Governor of South Dakota.

Biography
Charles Herreid was born in Dane County, Wisconsin. His parents, Nels Olson Herreid (1832–1902) and Thone Kittelson Herreid (1833–1908), were both Norwegian immigrants. He attended Galesville University in Wisconsin from 1874 to 1878 and the University of Wisconsin from 1880 to 1882. He married Jeannette E. Slye in 1881 and he moved to McPherson County, South Dakota in 1883.  There he served as a McPherson County court judge from 1888 to 1891.

Career
Herreid was elected Lieutenant Governor of the new State of South Dakota from 1892 to 1896. He chaired the Republican State Central Committee from 1898 until 1900, when he was elected governor.  Herreid, a Republican from Eureka, South Dakota, served from 1901 to 1905. He had previously served as the third Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota from 1893 to 1897 under Governor Charles H. Sheldon.

During Herreid's first gubernatorial term, efforts were made to reform the state's penal code, and a reduction in railroad rates helped ease the plight of farmers. Herreid worked for growth in state schools, Indian care and the development of good roads during his term as governor. During his second term, big business interests were brought under control, as was the power of political machines.

Herreid declined to run for a third term, returning to his law practice in Aberdeen, South Dakota. In addition to his political activism and engagement in the practice of law, during his lifetime, Herreid was director of the Western Mutual Life Insurance Company, president of Citizens Trust and Savings Bank, Federal Food Administrator for South Dakota, chairman of the South Dakota Military Training Camps Association, trustee of the University of Wisconsin, and a member of the Board of Regents for Education for South Dakota. He also served as a member of the South Dakota committee of the Red Cross.

Death
Herreid died in Aberdeen, South Dakota following an attack of ptomaine poisoning. and was interred at Riverside Memorial Park Cemetery, Aberdeen, Brown County, South Dakota.

References

External links
National Governors Association

1857 births
1928 deaths
People from Eureka, South Dakota
Politicians from Aberdeen, South Dakota
Politicians from Madison, Wisconsin
South Dakota state court judges
Republican Party governors of South Dakota
Lieutenant Governors of South Dakota
Gale College alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
American people of Norwegian descent
Anthony Henderson

Anthony Henderson may refer to:

Anthony M. Henderson (born 1966), U.S. Marine Corps general
Tony Henderson (born 1954), English footballer
Krayzie Bone (Anthony Henderson, born 1973), American rapper
John Robert Brown

John Robert Brown may refer to:

John Robert Brown (Virginia politician) (1842–1927), United States representative from Virginia
John Robert Brown (judge) (1909–1993), member of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, noted for his key decisions in favor of civil rights
John Robert Brown (British Columbia politician) (1862–1947), lawyer and politician in British Columbia, Canada

See also
John Brown (disambiguation)
Hyneria

Hyneria is a genus of large prehistoric predatory lobe-finned fish which lived in freshwater during the Devonian period (Famennian).

Etymology
The genus name Hyneria is a reference to the village of Hyner, Pennsylvania, near where the first specimen was found. The species epiphet H. lindae is derived from the name of the wife of Keith Stewart Thomson, who described this fish.

Description
Hyneria was a large fish. H. lindae is estimated around  in total length. The largest complete jaw reaches , but there is much larger fragment possibly from a jaw about twice that length, although that specimen may belong to a rhizodont instead. Assuming this jaw fragment does pertain to Hyneria, and assuming proportions similar to more complete tristichopterids, it suggests H. lindae could possibly reach lengths up to 3.5 metres (11 ft). A second species, H. uldezinye, was once estimated at range between  before being described. However, the species description estimates that the largest specimen belongs to an animal about . Its skull had heavy, ornamented dermal bones and its lower jaw was relatively long and shallow. The teeth were stout, with those of the premaxilla forming fangs upwards of . Its body was covered by cycloid scales. It had large sensory canals to aid in detection of possible prey, as the freshwater environment it inhabited likely was murky and had low visibility. Adult individuals retained juvenile features (i.e. partially unossified skeletons), suggesting that they were likely neotenic.

Discovery

The original fossils came from two localities in Pennsylvania, United States, one found between the villages of North Bend and Hyner and another near Emporium. They consisted of a disarticulated partial skull and fragments of the shoulder girdle. The fossils were found in the Catskill Formation of the Red Hill Shale, dating to the upper Devonian. These were the only remains known until 1993 when a renewed collecting effort discovered abundant new material. Hyneria is considered the largest and most common lobe-finned fish found in the Red Hill Shale. In February 2023 a second species of Hyneria, H. udlezinye, was named from remains discovered in the Waterloo Farm lagerstätte. These remains include the skull and shoulder girdle.

References

External links
Hyneria at Devonian Times

Tristichopterids
Prehistoric lobe-finned fish genera
Devonian fish of North America
Late Devonian animals
Fossil taxa described in 1968
Famennian genera
Devonian fish of Africa
North Texas Regional Airport

North Texas Regional Airport / Perrin Field  is a county-owned airport in Grayson County, Texas between Sherman and Denison. Formerly Grayson County Airport, the airport was renamed in November 2007. Several buildings are occupied by businesses, Grayson County government agencies, and Grayson County College.

Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but this airport is GYI to the FAA and PNX to the IATA (which assigned GYI to Gisenyi Airport in Gisenyi, Rwanda).

The northern extension of State Highway 289 passes the airport on the west side.

History 

The airport is on the site of Perrin Air Force Base, which was built in 1941 and closed in 1971. Since the closure, a group of local citizens have held the memory of Perrin together, hosting nine Perrin Field reunions since the early 1980s. The Perrin AFB Research Foundation was established in 1998.  Today, in addition to serving as a general aviation airport, several businesses, as well as a juvenile detention center/boot-camp and adult probation center are built upon former barracks and nearby areas.  There is a small museum dedicated to the former Perrin Air Force Base at the airport and Grayson County College uses several buildings.  The college also operates the former base golf course.

After seeing the fighters take off from here as a young man, aviation expert Chesley Sullenberger (best known as the pilot of US Airways Flight 1549) became interested in flying.

In late 2018, the proposed Christian airline Judah 1 moved to North Texas Regional, but was subsequently unsuccessful in its efforts to obtain an air operator's certificate and begin scheduled flights. In early 2020, Judah 1 moved to Shreveport Regional Airport, citing a lack of hangar space and facilities suitable for Transportation Security Administration use at North Texas Regional; the airport manager stated that the move would have little impact, as Judah 1 had never started airline operations.

Facilities

The airport covers  at an elevation of 749 feet (228 m). It has two runways: 17L/35R is 9,000 by 150 feet (2,743 x 46 m) asphalt/concrete; 13/31 is 2,277 by 60 feet (694 x 18 m) asphalt.

It had three runways, but one 8,000'(2,438m) runway is now a taxiway. The airport has a Category I instrument landing system (ILS) to Runway 17L.  The former USAF control tower resumed operations in mid-2008.

In the year ending April 30, 2007 the airport had 53,300 aircraft operations, average 146 per day: 98% general aviation, 2% military and <1% air taxi. 169 aircraft were then based at the airport: 73% single-engine, 11% multi-engine, 11% jet, 4% helicopter and 1% ultralight.

References

External links
 Perrin Field Historical Society and Museum
 Sherman/Denison, North Texas Rgnl / Perrin Field (GYI) at Texas DOT Airport Directory
 

Airports in Texas
Buildings and structures in Grayson County, Texas
Transportation in Grayson County, Texas
University Line (TRAX)

The University Line is an obsolete designation to a light rail line of Utah Transit Authority's (UTA) TRAX system in Salt Lake City. It was the second TRAX line opened by UTA, after the Sandy/Salt Lake Line opened in 1999. The original line ran from the Delta Center (now Arena) Station to the Stadium Station, which is west of the Rice-Eccles Stadium on the University of Utah campus. The eastern end of the line was extended to the University Medical Center Station in 2003, and the western end was extended in 2008 to the new Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub (Salt Lake Central). The University Line continued running under that name through August 6, 2011, after which this designation was no longer used following a system redesign. The University of Utah is now served by the Red Line.

History
In April 2001, a three-week closure of the Sandy/Salt Lake line's northern portion, between Gallivan Plaza and Arena stations, in Downtown occurred when the switch at 400 South Main Street was built to accommodate the University Line's western turn into Downtown. The first  segment of the University Line opened on Saturday December 15, 2001 with service from the Delta Center to Rice-Eccles Stadium at a cost of 148.5 million, ahead of schedule and in time for the 2002 Winter Olympics, despite concerns that it would not be open in time. The entire UTA network (TRAX and buses) was free to all riders on opening day. The 89.4 million extension from Rice-Eccles Stadium to the University Medical Center opened in September 2003, a full 15 months ahead of schedule, adding  of track and three new stations: University South Campus, Fort Douglas, and University Medical Center.

Route description
The TRAX University Line was designated as UTA route 702.

Originally starting at the Delta Center at South Temple Street and 300 West, the end of the line was extended several blocks to Salt Lake Central (Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub) in 2008, where it connects with the FrontRunner. The extension started at 250 South 600 West and proceeded north a half block to 200 South, stopping at Old GreekTown. The line then proceeded to 500 West and turned north and then east, stopping at the Arena (next to the Delta Center). From the extension the route followed South Temple Street, turning south to Main Street. The line diverted at 400 South, heading east and ending its sharing of track with the Sandy/Salt Lake Line. Traveling on 400 South, trains would stop at Library, Trolley, and 900 East & 400 South before entering the University of Utah campus. Trains turned north at University Street, and then east at South Campus Drive and stopping at Stadium. The route continued on South Campus Drive to Wasatch Drive before stopping at University South Campus. Finally, it turned north at Wasatch Drive and followed that street to Fort Douglas and eventually terminating at University Medical Center, just south east of the Medical Center campus.

Stations

References

Rail infrastructure in Utah
Transportation in Salt Lake City
Railway lines opened in 2001
Samuel H. Elrod

Samuel Harrison Elrod (May 1, 1856 – July 13, 1935) was an American attorney and the fifth Governor of South Dakota. Elrod, a Republican from Clark, South Dakota, served from 1905 to 1907.

Biography

Elrod was born in Coatesville, Indiana. He attended public school in Coatesville and graduated from DePauw University in 1882 and studied law.  He married Mary Ellen Masten and they had two children.

Career
Elrod moved to Clark, Dakota Territory and practiced law, was a real estate broker, and a farmer. He served as a member of the Sioux Falls Constitutional Convention in 1883, as Clark County (Dakota Territory) Attorney in 1884, as Clerk Postmaster from 1885 to 1887, as State Attorney from 1887 to 1897, and as U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs Disbursing Agent from 1892 until 1900.

A successful Republican nominee, Elrod was elected Governor of South Dakota four years later. He continued the policies of his predecessor-Charles Herreid-controlling political party machinery in South Dakota. During his tenure, he served as chairman of the building committee for the state capitol.

Elrod did not seek reelection. Following his term as governor, he practiced law and farmed near Clark, South Dakota.

Death and legacy
Elrod died July 13, 1935, and is interred at Rose Hill Cemetery, Clark, South Dakota. The town of Elrod in Clark County was named for him.

References

External links
National Governors Association

1856 births
1935 deaths
People from Hendricks County, Indiana
DePauw University alumni
Republican Party governors of South Dakota
People from Clark, South Dakota
People of Dakota Territory
Zhai Zhao

Zhai Zhao (; died 393) was the second and last monarch of the Dingling-led Chinese Zhai Wei dynasty. During his reign, he used the monarchical title of Heavenly King.

Zhai Zhao's father Zhai Liao had, after rebelling against Eastern Jin dynasty in 386, held a swath of territory near the Yellow River in modern Henan. In 387, he sent Zhao Zhao to attack Jin's Chenliu (陳留, roughly modern Kaifeng, Henan) and Yinchuan (潁川, roughly modern Xuchang, Henan) commanderies, but Jin general Zhu Xu (朱序) repelled his attack.  Later that year, under pressure from Later Yan's emperor Murong Chui, Zhai Liao briefly submitted to Later Yan, but in winter 387 again rebelled.  In 388, he tried to reconcile with Later Yan, but after Murong Chui turned down his overture, declared an independent Wei state.

In 390, the Jin general Liu Laozhi (劉牢之) attacked Zhai Zhao, who was then defending the city of Juancheng (鄄城, in modern Puyang, Henan), forcing Zhai Zhao to abandon Juancheng and flee back to his father's capital Huatai (滑台, in modern Anyang, Henan).  Liu then defeated Zhai Liao in battle as well, but did not destroy Wei.

In 391, Zhai Liao died, and Zhai Zhao succeeded him as the Heavenly Prince.  Zhai Zhao soon attempted to attack Later Yan's important city Yecheng, but was repelled by Murong Chui's son Murong Nong.

In 392, Murong Chui personally attacked Zhai Zhao, heading for his capital Huatai.  Zhai Zhao sought aid from Western Yan's emperor Murong Yong, but Murong Yong, believing that Zhai Zhao could wear Later Yan out without his aid, refused.  Murong Chui then pretended to build rafts to ready to cross the Yellow River, and Zhai Zhao tried to attack his flotilla—when Murong Chui's general Murong Zhen (慕容鎮) crossed the river at a different spot and camped in.  Zhai Zhao tried to attack both places, but his army was worn out and completely collapsed.  Zhai Zhao fled by himself to Western Yan.  In 393, he tried to start a coup against Murong Yong and was killed.

Zhai Wei emperors
393 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Robert S. Vessey

Robert Scadden Vessey (May 16, 1858 – October 18, 1929) was the seventh Governor of South Dakota. Vessey, a Republican from Wessington Springs, served from 1909 to 1913.

Biography
Vessey was born to Charles and Jane Elizabeth Vessey in Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States. His father was a Methodist lay preacher; his mother was an English immigrant. Vessey was raised and educated near Oshkosh in Winnebago County, Wisconsin. For a brief time, he studied at Oshkosh Commercial College before spending the next five years as a lumberjack in northern Wisconsin.

Vessey married Florence Albert on August 27, 1882. The couple moved to a "squatters claim" in what is now known as Pleasant Township, Jerauld County, South Dakota. They had four children.

Career
Vessey became a member of the South Dakota Senate in the 1905 and 1907 state legislatures. In January 1908, he was elected president of the senate. Despite limited abilities as a public speaker, he successfully guided Progressive measures through the state senate.

Vessey's candidacy for governor was supported in large part due to his solid record in the state senate. As governor, he worked to keep peace among South Dakota Progressives and sought to
enhance control of government through the direct primary law. He was also the first governor to proclaim Mothers' Day as a public observance.

In 1910, Vessey's bid for a second term as governor was threatened by an independent candidate named George W. Egan. In spite of Egan's popularity with voters, Vessey beat both Egan and former governor Samuel H. Elrod to receive the Republican nomination. He went on to defeat the Democratic candidate, Chauncey L. Wood, in the general election. After serving his terms, he moved to Pasadena, California where he owned and operated a real estate business.

Death
Vessey died in Pasadena and was entombed in Mountain View Cemetery in Altadena, California.  His house on College Street in Wessington Springs was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, as Robert S. Vessey House.

References

External links
Robert S. Vessey's historical listing
Commentary on Governor Vessey: "Our Governor"
New York Times - November 21, 1910: "Just Like Westerners; Gov. Vessey of South Dakota Says Financial Bonds Are Uniting All"
National Governors Association

1858 births
1929 deaths
Republican Party South Dakota state senators
Republican Party governors of South Dakota
American people of English descent
Politicians from Pasadena, California
Politicians from Oshkosh, Wisconsin
People from Jerauld County, South Dakota
Businesspeople from California
Liliana Allen

Liliana Allen Doll (born March 24, 1970) is a track and field athlete, who started competing for Mexico in 1998. She previously represented Cuba. She won a bronze medal at the  1991 IAAF World Indoor Championships in the 60 metres.

Career

She has participated in the 1992, 1996 and 2004 Summer Olympics. At the Pan American Games she has won three gold medals, four silver, and one bronze medal.

Achievements

External links

1970 births
Living people
People from Holguín
Sportspeople from Holguín Province
Mexican female sprinters
Cuban female sprinters
Olympic athletes for Cuba
Olympic athletes for Mexico
Pan American Games gold medalists for Cuba
Pan American Games silver medalists for Cuba
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Mexico
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1987 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1991 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1995 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1999 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2003 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Cuba
World Athletics Championships athletes for Mexico
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
Cuban emigrants to Mexico
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Cuba
Competitors at the 1990 Central American and Caribbean Games
Competitors at the 1993 Central American and Caribbean Games
Competitors at the 2002 Central American and Caribbean Games
Goodwill Games medalists in athletics
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Mexico
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Cuba
Universiade silver medalists for Cuba
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in athletics
Medalists at the 1989 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1993 Summer Universiade
Competitors at the 1994 Goodwill Games
Medalists at the 1987 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1991 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1995 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Olympic female sprinters
Pentecostal Collegiate Institute

The Pentecostal Collegiate Institute refers to two antecedents of the Eastern Nazarene College in Massachusetts:

Pentecostal Collegiate Institute (New York)
Pentecostal Collegiate Institute (Rhode Island)
National Liberation Army (Algeria)

The National Liberation Army or ALN (; ) was the armed wing of the nationalist National Liberation Front of Algeria during the Algerian War. After Algeria won its independence from France in 1962, the ALN was converted into the regular Algerian People's National Armed Forces.

History

Algerian Revolution

The  (National Liberation Front) was established by the  (Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action) and organised in March 1954. Around two years later this group absorbed most but not all the Algerian nationalist organisations. It then re-organised itself and established a provisional government. This government included five members in executive and legislative bodies; all the members were district heads. During the ongoing war of independence in Algeria; Colonel Houari Boumedienne (the future President of Algeria) led the military wing of the FLN, the National Liberation Army, against the French.

The group grew to nearly 40,000 men in 1957, while France deployed 400,000 soldiers, starting in 1956, in response. The ALN established camps across the borders of Tunisia and Morocco to provide logistical support and arms to their fighters in Algeria. The struggle between the ALN and the French continued until 18 March 1962, when both parties signed a ceasefire in Évian-les-Bains. A referendum, held in Algeria on 1 July as part of the Évian Agreement, led to an overwhelming victory for the separatists, who declared independence two days later.

Post-war

On the morning of 5 July 1962 seven companies of ALN soldiers entering the city of Oran were fired on by some , white Europeans who were born in colonial Algeria. An outraged Arab mob swept into the Pied-Noir neighbourhoods, which had already been largely vacated, and attacked the estimated 40,000 remaining pieds-noirs there. The violence lasted several hours until it was ended by the deployment of French Gendarmerie.

Gallery

References

Bibliography

Algerian War
Arab nationalist militant groups
Paramilitary organisations based in Algeria
Military history of Algeria
National liberation armies
National Liberation Front (Algeria)
Rebel groups in Algeria
Separatism in Algeria
Separatism in France
Left-wing militant groups
1954 establishments in Algeria
1962 disestablishments in Algeria
Carl Gunderson

Carl Gunderson (June 20, 1864February 26, 1933)  was an American politician who served as the 11th Governor of South Dakota. Gunderson, a Republican from Mitchell, South Dakota, served from 1925 to 1927.

Biography
Gunderson was born in a log cabin in Clay County in the Dakota Territory, near Vermillion. As a young man, he filed a claim on a homestead in Clay County that remained dear to him all his life.  He stated that his occupation was a farmer all his life.  He attended the University of South Dakota and Cornell University.  He went into the mercantile business in Vermillion.  He married Gertrude Bertleson and they had four children.

Career
Gunderson served five terms in the state senate of the South Dakota Legislature, being elected in 1892, 1896, 1898, 1900, and again in 1916.  Gunderson served as president pro tempore of the senate in the 1899 session and served as the 13th Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota from 1921 to 1925 under Governor William H. McMaster.

In 1924, when McMaster declined to seek re-election, Gunderson successfully ran to succeed him. He defeated the Democratic nominee, William J. Bulow, in a landslide. In 1926, however, Gunderson narrowly lost to Bulow in a rematch of the 1924 election. He ran for Governor again in 1930. In the Republican primary, no candidate received 35% of the vote, and under state law, the nomination had to be decided by a convention of the state Republican Party. Despite placing second in the primary, Gunderson fared poorly in the convention; his support collapsed quickly and he faded from contention after the first few ballots. In 1932, Gunderson challenged Republican Governor Warren Green for renomination, but lost the Republican primary in a landslide.

Death
After his defeat he returned to his home in Mitchell until his death on February 26, 1933. He was buried on the tract of land that he had homesteaded, Bluff View Cemetery, Vermillion, Clay County, South Dakota US.

References

External links
National Governors Association

1864 births
1933 deaths
Republican Party governors of South Dakota
Lieutenant Governors of South Dakota
Republican Party South Dakota state senators
American people of Norwegian descent
People from Vermillion, South Dakota
People of Dakota Territory
Hugh Arbuthnot (British Army officer)

General Sir Hugh Arbuthnott, KCB (1780 – 11 June 1868) was a British Army officer and Member of Parliament for Kincardineshire 1826–1865.

He was born the son of John Arbuthnott, 7th Viscount of Arbuthnott and the younger brother of John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott.

He entered the 79th Regiment of Foot (Cameron Highlanders) as Ensign in May 1796 and was promoted Major-General on 22 July 1830, Lt-General on 23 November 1841 and full General on 20 June 1854.

He was given the colonelcy of the 38th (1st Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot from 1843 to 1862, transferring as colonel back to the Cameron Highlanders from 14 March 1862 to his death in 1868.

Sir Hugh never married.

References

Notes

External links

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1780 births
1868 deaths
Younger sons of viscounts
British Army generals
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
UK MPs 1826–1830
UK MPs 1830–1831
UK MPs 1831–1832
UK MPs 1832–1835
UK MPs 1835–1837
UK MPs 1837–1841
UK MPs 1841–1847
UK MPs 1847–1852
UK MPs 1852–1857
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1859–1865
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders officers
52nd Regiment of Foot officers
Presbyterian Ladies' College

Presbyterian Ladies' College (PLC) is the name of several independent girls' schools in Australia, affiliated with either the Presbyterian Church of Australia or the Uniting Church in Australia. Many of these schools are seen as sister schools to Scotch Colleges and The Scots College.

List of schools
Establishments known as Presbyterian Ladies' College include:

Presbyterian Ladies' College, Armidale, in Armidale, New South Wales
Presbyterian Ladies' College, Goulburn, in Goulburn, New South Wales
Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne, in Burwood, Victoria
Presbyterian Ladies' College, Perth, in Peppermint Grove, Western Australia
Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney, in Croydon, New South Wales

Former establishments known as Presbyterian Ladies' College include:

Arden Anglican School, in Beecroft, New South Wales (formerly the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Beecroft, a preparatory school of the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney)
Fairholme College in Toowoomba, Queensland (formerly the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Toowoomba)
Oak Lodge and Spreydon (the heritage-listed houses in Toowoomba formerly occupied by the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Toowoomba)
Pymble Ladies' College, in Pymble, New South Wales (formerly the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Pymble)
Seymour College, in Glen Osmond, South Australia (formerly Presbyterian Girls' College)

Schools formed by merging with a Presbyterian Ladies' College include:

Ballarat and Clarendon College in Ballarat, Victoria (Clarendon Presbyterian Ladies' College)
Kinross Wolaroi School in Orange, New South Wales (The Presbyterian Ladies' College, Orange)
Penleigh and Essendon Grammar School in Essendon, Moonee Ponds and Keilor East, Victoria (Penleigh Presbyterian Ladies' College)
The Scots PGC College in Warwick, Queensland (The Presbyterian Girls' College)
Larry Hall

Lawrence Kendall Hall (June 30, 1940 – September 24, 1997) was an American singer mostly known for his one-hit wonder song called "Sandy" in 1959. The disc reached number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Background
Hall was born in Hamlet, Ohio, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio, to Woodrow Burney Hall and Toto Sophia Sizemore Hall. He attended Rancho Alamitos High School in Garden Grove, California in the late 1950s. He appeared on American Bandstand in late 1959 and was seen with a variety of female singers. He married Sharon Lee Hattensty in 1961 and they moved to Pedee, Oregon in 1967.  Before they divorced, they had three children: Jennifer (Ginger) Dawn Murphy Haber, born Saturday, July 28, 1962; Toto LaVerne Simons, born Sunday, November 3, 1963; and Larry Damon Hall, born Wednesday, July 14, 1965.  He became involved with Barbara Gambetti after his divorce; he and Barbara had a son, Jesse Gambetti, born in 1977.  He and his family lived in Pedee; he was a gentleman farmer of a  ranch called the Circle H Ranch for the remainder of his life. He also sang for the rest of his life, joined by his brother Gene at various night clubs in the Willamette Valley and on the Oregon coast, and he was often noted in the Magpie, a local musical news tabloid published in Salem, Oregon. Hall continued to sing and play guitar until his death from cancer on September 24, 1997. He died in Oregon at the age of 57.

Career
Hall had a few releases on the Strand label. At a stage in his career, Hall was managed by Steve Brodie who also managed The Hot Toddys who were a labelmate. By early 1960, Hall had a single "A Girl Like You" b/w "Rosemary" out on Strand. It was a Spotlight Winner of the Week, although it failed to reach the charts. Another singer, Brian Hyland also had a version of "Rosemary" out which Billboard said could offer some serious competition.  Hall's album on the Strand label contains both sides of his first four single releases.

Singles

Ever Green Records
"Sandy" / "Lovin Tree" (May 1959)

Hot Records
"Sandy" / "Lovin' Tree" (June 1959)

Strand Records
"Sandy" / "Lovin' Tree" (October 1959)
"A Girl Like You" / "Rosemary" (1960)
"For Every Boy" / "I'll Stay Single" (1960)
"The Girl I Left Behind" / "Kool Love" (1961)
"Lips of Wine" / "Rebel Heart" (1961)
"Ladder Of Love" / "The One You Left Behind" (1961)

Albums
Sandy And Other Larry Hall Hits, Strand SL 1005 (1960)

References

1940 births
1997 deaths
Singers from Cincinnati
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male singers
Krakus

Krakus, Krak or Grakch was a legendary Polish prince, ruler of the Vistulans (a Lechitic tribe), and the presumed founder of Kraków. Krakus is also credited with building Wawel Castle and slaying the Wawel Dragon by feeding it a dead sheep full of sulfur. The latter is how Krak the cobbler became Krakus the prince, and later king. The first recorded mention of Krakus, then spelled Grakch, is in the Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae from 1190.

Historian J. Banaszkiewicz attributes Krak's name to a pre-Slavic word "krakula", meaning 'judge's staff' or 'scepter', which also signified judicial authority among the pagan Balts. Historians Cetwiński and Derwich suggest a different etymology, which seems more probable to some, with Krak, meaning simply an oak, a sacred tree, most often associated with the concept of genealogy. Moreover, the name of the city of Kraków is believed to be derived from the word , which translates to 'crow' or 'raven'.

Krakus Mound, which exists to this day, was previously believed to contain Krakus' remains. It has been the subject of thorough archeological research from 1934–38, however, no grave has ever been found in it. The mound has a diameter of over 50 meters. According to research, it was erected between the 8th and 10th centuries as a central element of an ancient grave site, which does not exist today.

The Krak and Princess Wanda legend appeared in the early Polish history written by Wincenty Kadłubek (); a similar legend, that of Krok and Libussa, appeared in the early Czech history by Cosmas of Prague.

See also 
 Princess Wanda, Krak's daughter
 Krakus II, Krak's son
 Lech II, Krak's son

References 

 Krak or Krakus? at historycy.org (Polish)
'Krakus and the Dragon'. A puppet re-telling by the pupils of St. Mary's Primary, Gorleston

Nobility from Kraków
History of Kraków
Legendary Polish monarchs
Polish princes
Mythological city founders
Epoch of Unlight

Epoch of Unlight is a melodic death metal band from Memphis, Tennessee. The band formed in 1990, playing under a variety of different names including Enraptured and Requiem until 1994, when they officially settled on Epoch of Unlight.

Biography

In 1994 they released their first demo as Epoch, a four song cassette entitled 'Beyond the Pale.' In 1995 they recorded their second demo, Within The Night… as a 4-song MCD, and in May 1997 they returned to the studio to record three new tracks which became a promo CD entitled Black & Crimson Glory. The band succeeded in capturing the attention of several labels, and in the winter of 1998 Epoch of Unlight signed with The End Records. Shortly thereafter the band entered the studio to record their debut full-length album entitled What Will Be Has Been. The album was described as a mix of melodic death/black metal. The band supported the release with numerous live shows including a five-week national tour with Norwegian symphonic black metalers, Dimmu Borgir and Samael. The tour consisted of over 30 shows throughout the USA.

The band's second album, Caught in the Unlight!, was recorded in December 2000 with Keith Falgout (Soilent Green, Crisis, Crowbar and Cephalic Carnage, among others). This album placed less emphasis on the black metal aspects that had been present in their prior work, opting for a more melodic and technical death metal sound.

The band supported Caught in the Unlight! with numerous live shows through the country including a two-week national tour with Enslaved and an appearance at the first annual Northern Lights Festival in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

In 2003 Epoch of Unlight recorded a cover of Kreator's 'Betrayer' and At the Gates' ‘Raped by the Light of Christ’ for a split 7-inch single with Goatwhore through Bloated Goat Records.

The band entered Big Blue Meenie studio in New Jersey October 27, 2004, to record their third release for The End Records, entitled The Continuum Hypothesis. The album was engineered and co-produced by Erin Farley (All Out War, Agnostic Front, Sick of It All, Madball, M.O.D., Overkill, among others) This album saw the debut of new singer B.J. Cook (a.k.a. Lord Hellspawn) from Arkansas' Fallen Empire.

In October 2021, Epoch of Unlight entered AB Studios (Memphis, TN) with Alan Burcham at the helm to record their fourth full-length album, and their first since 2005, At War With the Multiverse. It was mastered in July 2022 by Tony Lindgren (Fascination Street Studios) and was released in September, 2022.

Discography
Beyond the Pale - Demo, 1994	
Within the Night ... - EP, 1995	
Promo '96 - Demo, 1996	
Black & Crimson Glory - Demo, 1997	
What Will Be Has Been - Full-length, 1998
Caught in the Unlight! - Full-length, 2001	
Goatwhore / Epoch of Unlight - Split 7-inch, 2003	
The Continuum Hypothesis - Full-length, 2005
At War With the Multiverse - Full-length, 2022

External links
 Official Site
Band Members
 Epoch on The End Records
Epoch of Unlight Bandcamp

American blackened death metal musical groups
American black metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1994
American musical quintets
1994 establishments in Tennessee
Chikako Fushimi

(born 21 June 1974) is a Japanese snowboarder. Born in Osaka Prefecture, her career-high has so far been a 3rd-place finish in the 2005 Nokia Snowboard FIS World Cup held in Canada.

She competed in the Women's Halfpipe in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Fushimi qualified for the competition's final, which was held on 13 February, but only finished 12th with a score of 15.6.

References
External links last verified on 14 February 2006 
2006 Olympics profile
Japanese Olympic Committee profile (Japanese)

Living people
1974 births
Sportspeople from Osaka Prefecture
Olympic snowboarders for Japan
Japanese female snowboarders
Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
21st-century Japanese women