alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Basil Boioannes

Basil Boioannes (, ; , ), in Italian called  (), was the Byzantine catapan of Italy (1017 – 1027) and one of the greatest Byzantine generals of his time. His accomplishments enabled the Empire to reestablish itself as a major force in southern Italy after centuries of decline. Yet, the Norman adventurers introduced into the power structure of the Mezzogiorno would be the eventual beneficiaries.

Life
Upon his appointment by Emperor Basil II in December 1017, he immediately requested reinforcements from Constantinople to fight the insurgency of the Lombard general Melus of Bari and his Norman soldiery. The request was granted: a detachment of the elite Varangian Guard was sent. The two forces met on the river Ofanto near Cannae, the site of Hannibal's victory over the Romans in 216 BC. In the second Battle of Cannae, Boioannes achieved an equally decisive victory.

Boioannes protected his gains by immediately building a great fortress at the Apennine pass guarding the entrance to the Apulian plain. Troia, named after the ancient city of Asia Minor, was garrisoned by Boioannes' own contingent of Norman troops in 1019.  Soon, all the Mezzogiorno had submitted to Byzantine authority, with the exception of the Duchy of Benevento, which remained faithful to the Papacy.

Frightened by the shift in momentum in the south, Pope Benedict VIII went north in 1020 to Bamberg to confer with the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry II. The Emperor took no immediate action, but events of the next year convinced him to intervene.  Boioannes and his new ally Prince Pandulf IV of Capua marched on Melus' brother-in-law Dattus and captured his tower on the Garigliano.  On 15 June, Dattus was tied up in a sack with a monkey, a rooster, and a snake and thrown into the sea. The next year, in response, a huge imperial army marched south to attack the new fortress of Troia. The garrison held out and never fell. Boioannes granted the town privileges for its loyalty.

In 1025, Boioannes was preparing to lead a Sicilian expedition with Basil II when the great emperor died. Constantine VIII, his co-ruler and successor, cancelled the expedition, and the catapan went north to aid Pandulf in retaking Capua, which Henry II had captured three years earlier. Boioannes offered the new prince of Capua, Pandulf of Teano, safe passage to Naples and accepted his surrender in May 1026. This was to be his last major campaign. In 1027, he was recalled. His replacements hardly lived up to the standard of military effectiveness he set. During the next century, Byzantine influence in Italy steadily declined to nil.

In 1041, Boioannes' son Exaugustus was named catapan, but he did not last a year in that post.

Sources
Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016–1130. Longmans: London, 1967.

References

External links
History of the Norman World.
The Reign of Basil II.

11th-century deaths
11th-century catepans of Italy
Generals of Basil II
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Crom

Crom or CROM may refer to:

Places
 Crom, a townland in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland
 Crom Estate, a Northern Irish National Trust Property
 Crom Castle
 Ben Crom, a mountain in the Mourne Mountains in County Down, Northern Ireland
 Croom Castle or Crom Castle, a castle in Croom, County Limerick, Ireland

Fiction and folklore
 Crom Cruach, a deity of pre-Christian Ireland
 Crom Dubh, a mythological and folkloric figure of Ireland
 Crom, a fictional character in the 1982 film Tron played by Peter Jurasik
 Crom (fictional deity), a fictional deity in the Conan the Barbarian world
 Crom, a coal mining settlement in the Dragonriders of Pern science fiction series

People
 Rick Crom (born 1957), American actor, singer, comedian, lyricist, and composer
 Crom Ua Donnubáin or Crom O'Donovan (died 1254), the ancestor of O'Donovans later found in Carbery in County Cork,

Sports
 The Adelaide Crows, an Australian rules football club that plays in the AFL

Other uses
 Confederación Regional Obrera Mexicana (Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers), a federation of labor unions in Mexico

See also
 Croom, County Limerick, Ireland
 Ronan Le Crom (born 1974), French football goalkeeper
 Chrom, a character in the Fire Emblem series
Iddefjord

Iddefjord ( or Idde Fjord; ); ) is a classic fjord with a narrow watercourse and steep natural formations on both sides. It runs along the Norwegian-Swedish border from the Singlefjord (). The Iddefjord separates the province of Bohuslän in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden from the municipality of Halden in the county of Østfold in Norway. It opens to the Skagerrak via the Svinesund and Hvaler archipelago (a cluster of classic skerries). The outermost stretch is called the Ringdalsfjord (), but from the point where it makes a sharp bend and further south, it is called the Iddefjord. Like several other fjords, it was named after a part of its coast, in this case the parish of Idd.

References

Fjords of Viken
Halden
Fjords of Sweden
Norway–Sweden border
International fjords
Landforms of Västra Götaland County
Cefradine

Cefradine (INN) or cephradine (BAN) is a first generation  cephalosporin antibiotic.

Indications 
 Respiratory tract infections (such as tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and lobar pneumonia) caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and S. pneumoniae (formerly D. pneumonia).
 Otitis media caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and staphylococci.
 Skin and skin structure infections caused by staphylococci (penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant) and beta-hemolytic streptococci.
 Urinary tract infections, including prostatitis, caused by E. coli, P. mirabilis and Klebsiella species.

Formulations 
Cefradine is distributed in the form of capsules containing 250 mg or 500 mg, as a syrup containing 250 mg/5 ml, or in vials for injection containing 500 mg or 1 g.

It is not approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Synthesis 
Birch reduction of D-α-phenylglycine led to diene (2). This was N-protected using tert-butoxycarbonylazide and activated for amide formation via the mixed anhydride method using isobutylchloroformate to give 3. Mixed anhydride 3 reacted readily with 7-aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid to give, after deblocking, cephradine (5).

Production names 
The antibiotic is produced under many brand names across the world.
  Bangladesh: Ancef, Ancef forte, Aphrin, Avlosef, Cefadin, Cephadin, Cephran, Cephran-DS, Cusef, Cusef DS, Dicef , Dicef forte, Dolocef, Efrad, Elocef, Extracef, Extracef-DS, Intracef, Kefdrin, Lebac, Lebac Forte, Medicef, Mega-Cef, Megacin, Polycef, Procef, Procef, Procef forte, Rocef, Rocef Forte DS, Sefin, Sefin DS, Sefnin, Sefrad, Sefrad DS, Sefril, Sefril-DS, Sefro, Sefro-HS, Sephar, Sephar-DS, Septa, Sinaceph, SK-Cef, Sk-Cef DS, Supracef and Supracef-F, Torped, Ultrasef, Vecef, Vecef-DS, Velogen, Sinaceph, Velox
  China: Cefradine, Cephradine, Kebili, Saifuding, Shen You, Taididing, Velosef, Xianyi, and Xindadelei
  Colombia: Cefagram, Cefrakov, Cefranil , Cefrex, and Kliacef
  Egypt: Cefadrin, Cefadrine, Cephradine, Cephraforte, Farcosef, Fortecef, Mepadrin, Ultracef, and Velosef
  France: Dexef
  Hong Kong: Cefradine  and ChinaQualisef-250
  Indonesia: Dynacef, Velodine, and Velodrom
  Lebanon: Eskacef, Julphacef, and Velosef
  Lithuania: Tafril
  Myanmar: Sinaceph
  Oman: Ceframed, Eskasef, Omadine, and Velocef
  Pakistan: Abidine, Ada-Cef, Ag-cef, Aksosef, Amspor, Anasef, Antimic, Atcosef, Bactocef, Biocef, Biodine, Velora, Velosef
  Peru: Abiocef, Cefradinal, Cefradur, Cefrid, Terbodina II, Velocef, Velomicin
  Philippines: Altozef, Racep, Senadex, Solphride, Yudinef, Zefadin, Zefradil, and Zolicef
  Poland: Tafril
  Portugal: Cefalmin, Cefradur
  South Africa: Cefril A
  South Korea: Cefradine and Tricef
  Taiwan: Cefadin, Cefamid, Cefin, Cekodin, Cephradine, Ceponin, Lacef, Licef-A, Lisacef, Lofadine, Recef, S-60, Sefree, Sephros, Topcef, Tydine, Unifradine, and U-Save
  UK: Cefradune (Kent)
  Vietnam: Eurosefro and Incef

See also 
 Cephapirin
 Cephacetrile
 Cefamandole
 Ampicillin (Has the same chemical formula)

Notes

References 

Cephalosporin antibiotics
Enantiopure drugs
Head shadow

A head shadow (or acoustic shadow) is a region of reduced amplitude of a sound because it is obstructed by the head. It is an example of diffraction.

Sound may have to travel through and around the head in order to reach an ear.  The obstruction caused by the head can account for attenuation (reduced amplitude) of overall intensity as well as cause a filtering effect. The filtering effects of head shadowing are an essential element of sound localisation—the brain weighs the relative amplitude, timbre, and phase of a sound heard by the two ears and uses the difference to interpret directional information.

The shadowed ear, the ear further from the sound source, receives sound slightly later (up to approximately 0.7 ms later) than the unshadowed ear, and the timbre, or frequency spectrum, of the shadowed sound wave is different because of the obstruction of the head.

The head shadow causes particular difficulty in sound localisation in people suffering from unilateral hearing loss. It is a factor to consider when correcting hearing loss with directional hearing aids.

See also
 Interaural intensity difference
 Hearing

References

Sources
 
 
 
 

Acoustics
Otology
List of best-selling singles and albums of 2005 in Ireland

This is a list of the top selling singles and top sellings albums in Ireland in 2005.

Top selling singles 
"You Raise Me Up" – Westlife
"Lonely" – Akon
"(Is This the Way to) Amarillo" – Tony Christie featuring Peter Kay
"Axel F" – Crazy Frog
"Ghetto Gospel" – 2Pac
"You're Beautiful" – James Blunt
"Don't Cha" – The Pussycat Dolls featuring Busta Rhymes
"JCB Song" – Nizlopi
"Bad Day" – Daniel Powter
"Push the Button" – Sugababes

Top selling albums
Back To Bedlam – James Blunt
Gift Grub 6: The Special One – Mario Rosenstock
Face to Face – Westlife
X&Y – Coldplay
Breakaway – Kelly Clarkson
Curtain Call: The Hits – Eminem
Hot Fuss – The Killers
Confessions on a Dancefloor – Madonna
American Idiot – Green Day
Ancora – Il Divo

Notes:
 *Compilation albums are not included.

See also 
List of songs that reached number one on the Irish Singles Chart
List of artists who reached number one in Ireland

External links 
IRMA Official Site

2005 in Irish music
2005
The Beggar (novella)

The Beggar is a 1965 novella by Naguib Mahfouz about the failure to find meaning in existence. It is set in post-revolutionary Cairo during the time of Gamal Abdel Nasser.

Plot summary

The book opens with the main character Omar going to visit a doctor, who was one of his friends from his youth, because he has become sick of life. The doctor tells him that there is nothing physically wrong with him, and tells him that he won’t be ill if he goes on a diet and takes regular exercise. Both the diet and a vacation make no difference to him though.

In his youth Omar was a poet and a socialist. He gave up both in order to become a lawyer, and now that he has reached the age of forty-five he can no longer find meaning in his life and he has effectively given up working. He met his wife Zeinab in his youth. She was a Christian called Kamelia Fouad and she converted to Islam, and lost her family in order to marry him. He promised that he would never desert her. She took up the role of supporting him and has proved to be the backbone of their bourgeois life together. As his malady grows he becomes more distant from her.

He tries to escape his condition through love. He first meets a foreign singer called Margaret. When she unexpectedly leaves Egypt, he gets together with an oriental dancer called Warda. He falls in love with her, and she with him and they set up home together. Initially Omar’s illness seems to pass in the excitement of love. Zeinab, who is pregnant, is first suspicious and then is told of his new lover. Omar moves out to be with Warda, who quits her job to be with him. This love however fails to lift him out of his illness for long, and he makes contact with Margaret again when he sees her back at her club. He then goes through a succession of women, including prostitutes, trying to pull himself out of his sickness, but it is all to no avail.

One dawn he is out near the pyramids and he feels a momentary joy, which connects him to all life. He feels light and at peace, but he soon feels the illness again. Although he tries to win this feeling again he is never able to.

He returns home but feels suffocated there. One day Othman Khalil turns up in his office. Othman had been his socialist comrade in his youth who had been caught by the police, but hadn’t given out his connections with Omar, despite having been tortured. He has only just been released from prison. Othman is disconcerted to find Omar as a sceptic, as he has hung onto all of his socialist orthodoxies.

As writing poetry has also failed to cure him, in an attempt to regain the peace he felt by the pyramids, Omar goes off to live by himself in the countryside. He slips into delirium but still the calm he desires escapes him. After a year and a half Othman, who has got involved in politics again, turns up at the house escaping from the police, but Omar thinks he is an illusion. Omar is shot and wounded as the police catch Othman. Omar feels he is returning to the world as he is brought back to Cairo.

1965 novels
Novels by Naguib Mahfouz
Novels set in Cairo
Egyptian novellas
Anchor Books books
Buick Bengal

The Buick Bengal was a concept roadster designed and built by Buick. It was first shown to the public at the 2001 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan.

History 
The Bengal was an attempt to rejuvenate the Buick line, and make it seem more appealing to younger people. It was powered by a supercharged 3.4L  V6, which was mated to a six speed manual transmission. The transmission was mounted ahead of the engine, to allow a more forward placement of the front wheels to improve handling. 

Though a 2-seater roadster in general design, the rear decklid can be lifted to reveal two extra seats. One of the most desirable features of the Bengal is its voice activated controls. The car is able to distinguish over 100 commands given to it by voice, which can operate various things from the headlights, windshield wipers, and convertible top, to the heater, navigation system, seat adjustments, and cruise control. The system was named Quiet Servant and it was developed by Visteon Corporation. The dashboard is free of traditional gauges, everything instead is displayed on demand on a single flat panel screen. 

In 2001 Buick claimed they wanted to put the Bengal into production, but plans were shelved until 2004 when they revealed the Velite concept, which is a more realistic roadster design.

References 

Bengal
Cars introduced in 2001
Roadsters
Stew Morrill

Stewart Morrill (born July 25, 1952) is an American college basketball coach and the former head coach of the Utah State University men's basketball team.

Morrill was an All-American at Ricks College and a two-time All-Big Sky selection for Gonzaga University.  He started his coaching career in 1974 as an assistant at Gonzaga, and continued at the University of Montana under Mike Montgomery in 1978. In the spring of 1986, he was promoted to head coach of the Grizzlies, and led them to an NCAA berth in 1991.  Morrill coached at Colorado State University from 1991 to 1998 before resigning to go to Utah State.

Morrill and Utah State gained national attention in March 2001 for their 77–68 upset of Ohio State in overtime in the NCAA tournament.

On January 17, 2008, in an 82–78 victory over Boise State, Morrill logged his 226th Aggie victory, passing E. Lowell Romney to become the winningest coach in Utah State basketball history.

Morrill has a record of 602–281 overall (.682), and 384–143 (.729) with Utah State.  His 500th win came in January 2010 at Idaho, coached by his former assistant, Don Verlin.  He has also racked up an incredible home record of  in the Dee Glen Smith Spectrum as coach of the Aggies.  Following a victory over San Jose State on March 9, 2009, Morrill became the only coach in Utah State history to have back-to-back undefeated seasons at home, extending the streak to 34 straight home wins.  He is also the only Utah State coach to win thirty games in one season, a feat he accomplished in the 2008–09 season, and the 2010–11 season.  During the 2009–10 season, he became the only Utah State basketball coach to win three straight regular season conference championships.  The next year, he won his fourth straight regular season conference championship. Although he has a very impressive regular season record, he did not find success in the NCAA tournament, posting the second worst record,  for any coach that has made the NCAA tournament five or more times. He also has a record of 0–6 in the NIT.

With Morrill at the helm, the Aggies were one of only three Division I teams to have won at least 23 games from 1999 to 2011.  The other schools are Gonzaga and Kansas. All throughout the 2000s and early 2010s under Morrill, Utah State (.764) had the fourth-best winning percentage in the nation behind Duke (.831), Kansas (.809) and Gonzaga (.799).

On January 9, 2015, USU announced that Morrill would retire at the end of the 2014–2015 season.

Head coaching record

See also
 List of college men's basketball coaches with 600 wins

References 

1952 births
Living people
American Latter Day Saints
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Utah
Basketball players from Utah
Brigham Young University–Idaho alumni
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Colorado State Rams men's basketball coaches
Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball coaches
Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball players
Junior college men's basketball players in the United States 
Montana Grizzlies basketball coaches
Sportspeople from Provo, Utah
Utah State Aggies men's basketball coaches
Gaenslen's test

Gaenslen's test, also known as Gaenslen's maneuver, is a medical test used to detect musculoskeletal abnormalities and primary-chronic inflammation of the lumbar vertebrae and sacroiliac joint. This test is often used to test for spondyloarthritis, sciatica, or other forms of rheumatism, and is often performed during checkup visits in patients who have been diagnosed with one of the former disorders. It is named after Frederick Julius Gaenslen, the orthopedic surgeon who invented the test. This test is often performed alongside Patrick's test and Yeoman's test.

To perform Gaenslen's test, the hip joint is flexed maximally on one side and the opposite hip joint is extended, stressing both sacroiliac joints simultaneously. This is often done by having the patient lying on his or her back, lifting the knee to push towards the patient's chest while the other leg is allowed to fall over the side of an examination table, and is pushed toward the floor, flexing both sacroiliac joints. The test can also be performed with the patient in the lateral recumbent position. The patient lies with the involved side up and passively flexes the uninvolved hip as far as comfortable to their chest. The involved hip is taken into extension while stability is maintained in the pelvis. The test is considered positive if the patient experiences pain while this test is performed, and may indicate a need for further testing, such as an X-ray or lumbar CT scan.

References

Medical signs
Orthopedic surgical procedures
Slocum (westerns)

Slocum Westerns are the longest running series of Westerns ever written, encompassing over 400 books, all of which are published under the pen name Jake Logan. The books have been written by a number of authors, and all feature John Slocum as the protagonist.

Main character 
John Slocum is among the toughest of gunfighters. He is a mostly decent man who will do whatever it takes to survive life in the Western Frontier.  A Confederate soldier who lost his ancestral home to carpetbaggers after the Civil War. He left the South, never to return. 

He has been a soldier, slave, stagecoach driver, shotgun guard, bank robber, lawman, pioneer, cowboy, shepherd, poor man, rich man, gambler, and drifter. His adventures occur in most of the American West.

Target demographic 
The books are claimed to be adult oriented, due to the presence of three explicitly described sex scenes in each of the numerous books; they were first published by Playboy Press.

Authors 
Robert E. Vardeman (Dead Man's Spurs)
Martin Cruz Smith (Ride for Revenge)
 Ronald Kelly (Slocum and the Nightriders) and (Slocum and the Gold Slaves)

References

External links
Books by Jake Logan fictiondb

Western (genre) novels
Novel series
Waseda University Rugby Football Club

Waseda University R.F.C. was founded in 1918. It is one of the top rugby union clubs for students in Japan, together with Kanto Gakuin University RFC, Keio University RFC and Doshisha University RFC.

It is the representative club of Waseda University and has produced many players for the Japan national rugby union team.

Notable victories

 1966 - Waseda win their first All-Japan Rugby Football Championship and the University championship rugby title.
 1971 - Waseda win their second All-Japan Rugby Football Championship, beating Shinnitetsu Kamaishi 30–16.
 1972 - Waseda win their third All-Japan Rugby Football Championship, beating Mitsubishi Jikou 14–11.
 1988 - Waseda win their fourth All-Japan Rugby Football Championship, beating Toshiba Fuchuu 22–16.
 Waseda, coached by Katsuyuki Kiyomiya, beat Toyota Verblitz 28–24 in the All-Japan Rugby Football Championship at Chichibunomiya on February 12, 2006. It was thus the first Japanese university to beat a Top League team. (In the semi-final Waseda lost to Toshiba Brave Lupus 0-43.)

Players

Past

Katsuyuki Kiyomiya
Hiroaki Shukuzawa - Japan national rugby union team coach 
Katsuhiko Oku - diplomat
Yoshiro Mori - former Prime Minister

Coaches

Onishi Tetsunosuke
Katsuyuki Kiyomiya (2001-2006). He was formerly a player for Waseda and Suntory. In February 2006 a book was published by him in Japanese entitled Kyukyoku no Shori:Ultimate Crush  He has been hugely successful with Waseda. The book has been translated into English. See here.
 Ryuji Nakatake (2006-

See also
Katsuhiko Oku

References
 ULTIMATE CRUSH: Waseda University Rugby, Leadership and Building the Strongest Winning Team in Japan by Katsuyuki Kiyomiya, translated into English by Ian Ruxton (September 2006)

External links
Katsuyuki Kiyomiya
Waseda University R.F.C. - official website

Waseda
Rugby in Kantō
University and college rugby union clubs
Waseda University
The Fifth of March

The Fifth of March is a 1993 novel about the Boston Massacre (of March 5, 1770, pre-Revolutionary War) by historian and author Ann Rinaldi, who was also the author of many other historical fiction novels such as Girl in Blue and A Break with Charity.

This book is about a fourteen-year-old indentured servant named Rachel Marsh who finds herself changing as she meets many people, including young Matthew Kilroy, a British private in the 29th regiment who is not very easy to get along with.  She has a friend named Jane, who was her first ever friend.

Plot
Rachel Marsh, aged 14, is an indentured servant to John Adams and his wife Abigail Adams. Her father and mother have died, leaving Uncle Eb as her only living relative. However, Eb is greedy, uncaring, and often exploits Rachel. After a falling out over Eb wanting Rachel to spy on the Adamses, Eb disowns her. Rachel confides this to Abigail Adams, who comforts her and gives her money to go buy books at Henry Knox's bookstore. Rachel is inspired by Knox and begins working to better her education.

Later, a British ship arrives. Many Bostonians are unhappy with this new change and begin rioting. Nevertheless, the British post sentries outside many residences, including the Adams'. While coming back from the bakery, the sentry outside the Adams house, Private Matthew Kilroy, challenges Rachel. She notices that he is fearful and hungry looking. Taking pity on him, she gives the freezing sentry a few scraps of food.

As their friendship develops, Matthew begins pushing Rachel for more and wants her to kiss him. However, Rachel does not want to do so, and would rather remain friends. Their relationship is very tumultuous.

Rachel's close friend, Jane, suddenly drags Rachel out of bed one night. Rachel follows Jane to find a mob of citizens fighting against the British soldiers. She sees Matthew shoot and stab a defenseless man. This event would be known as the Boston Massacre. Later, Matthew is accused of murder.

Rachel sneaks food to Matthew, feeling pity for him.

John Adams defends the British soldiers, but two of them, including Matthew, are accused of manslaughter. Matthew is branded and shipped back to England. Matthew proposes matrimony to Rachel but she refuses him. Mr. Adams feels that it would be best to let go of Rachel when they move back to Braintree. He gets Rachel a position in Philadelphia which he thinks would suit her. She is about to begin a new chapter in her life.

1993 American novels
Historical novels
Novels by Ann Rinaldi
Fiction set in 1770
Novels set in the 1770s
Novels set in Boston
Boston Massacre
Engsh

Engsh is a cant that originated in Nairobi, Kenya in the 1980s. While Sheng developed in the poorer parts of Nairobi, Engsh evolved among the youth of the richer, more affluent neighbourhoods. Engsh is English based, but mixes Swahili, and other ethnic languages such as Kikuyu and Luo. However, just like Sheng, it is a code, and therefore cannot be understood, for the most part, by standard English speakers. Both Engsh and Sheng originated as  secret codes against adults, to enable Nairobi youth to communicate with each other in a language the adults could not understand. The original speakers have since become adults, and parents. Both Engsh and Sheng evolve very fast, and the ability to keep up with the "in" words of the moment becomes harder the older a person gets, therefore they are still considered languages of the youth.

In the past, there was no distinction made between Sheng and Engsh, but the youth speakers of both languages noticed their inability to understand each other properly, as the languages had evolved differently primarily due to the different economic backgrounds. Nevertheless, there are still many similarities between Sheng and Engsh, but Engsh is unique enough to stand as a cant of its own.

See also
 Kenyan English

References

External links
Article in the International Journal of the Sociology of Language, Volume 125, Issue 1 (Jan 1997).
Prezi presentation, 'Is It Sheng or Engsh? The ignored variety is alive and clicking'. Radboud University, October 2013.

Swahili-based pidgins and creoles
Languages of Kenya
Cant languages
English-based argots

Macaronic forms of English
Languages attested from the 1980s
African Urban Youth Languages
Auditory meatus

Auditory meatus can refer to: 
 external auditory meatus
 internal auditory meatus
Conspicuous Service Cross

Conspicuous Service Cross can refer to:
 Conspicuous Service Cross (Australia)
 Conspicuous Service Cross (New York)
 Conspicuous Service Cross (United Kingdom)
Holidays in Greece TV

Holidays in Greece TV is a Greek satellite network, launched in the fall of 2004, focusing on travel and tourism. Its aim is to promote the Greek tourism industry, which is one of the main industries in Greece along with shipping.

Holidays in Greece TV is the first FTA satellite channel launched in Greece. It is available on Hotbird 6 and Hellas Sat 2 which cover all of Europe and parts of Africa and Asia. It is also available online through jumptv.com, a subscription-based service. Various local TV channels all around Greece broadcast parts of the programming from Holidays in Greece TV, including Crete, Messinia, Korinthos, Rhodes, Kefalonia, Serres, and Drama. In addition, the channel is available on local cable in Skiathos, Skopelos, Ios, Fthiotida, and Arahova.

Programming
Programming includes documentaries and programmes covering specific topics such as nightlife and dining. The network provides information about cultural hotspots such as caves, monasteries, museums, traditional villages and ancient sites. Holidays in Greece TV also delivers a daily tourist news program providing up to date information from all around the country.

Specific programs include:
Aroma Elladas - Daily lifestyle program.
Discovering Greece - Documentary program showcasing tourist destinations in Greece.
Η Gh Tis Eυforias - Agricultural news and information.
Where to Stay - Program gives information on hotels, restaurants and bars for the specific area mentioned in the Discovering Greece episode that precedes the show.

References

Television channels in Greece
Television channels and stations established in 2004
Aminosalicylate

An aminosalicylate is a class of medications that is often used to treat ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The class includes among others:
4-Aminosalicylic acid
Balsalazide
Olsalazine
Sulfasalazine
Mesalazine (5-Aminosalicylic acid)

Side effects may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, headaches, and nausea.

References

Drugs acting on the gastrointestinal system and metabolism
Salicylates
Rawendis

Rawendis or Rwendi, a Persian sect that took its name from a town (Rawend) near Isfahan. Its origin is unknown, but they held Shi'ite doctrines. Under the year 158 (AD 775) Tabari says that a man of the Rwendis, called al-Ablaq (because he was leprous), asserted that the spirit that was in Jesus was in Ali, then in the imams one after the other to Muhammad "al-Imām" and then finally to Ibrahim "al-Imām" ibn Muhammad; and that thus these were gods. Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri, then governor of Khorasan, put many of them to death. Under the year 135 (AD 752–3) the historian again mentions a rising of the Rwendis of Talaqan, and its suppression. Under 141 (AD 758–9) he gives a fuller account of them. They believed in metempsychosis, or the transmigration of souls, and asserted that the spirit of Adam was in Othman ibn Nahik; that the Lord who fed them and gave them drink was Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad Al-Mansur, and that al-Haitham ibn Muawiya was Gabriel. Accordingly they came to the palace of Mansur in Hashimiyya and began to hail him as lord. Mansur, however, secured their chiefs and threw them into prison. By means of a mock funeral they succeeded in reaching the prison and delivering their leaders. They then turned in wrath against Mansur and almost succeeded in capturing him, but were defeated and slain by al-Haitham.

References

Shia Islamic branches
Operation Sidewinder

Operation Sidewinder may refer to:

 Operation Sidewinder, a coalition military operation of the Iraq War
 Operation Sidewinder (play), by Sam Shepard, 1970
Conspicuous Service Cross (New York)

The Conspicuous Service Cross is a decoration for military service awarded by the State of New York.

Eligibility
The general criteria for the New York State Conspicuous Service Cross require an individual to meet all four conditions:

A current New York State citizen OR
A New York State citizen while serving on federal active duty
 A current or former full-time military person serving in the Armed Forces of the United States for purposes other than training since 1917; Active Guard/Reserve AGR excepted

Currently serving under honorable conditions OR
Honorably discharged from active duty
 A recipient of at least one of the following decorations:
Medal of Honor
Distinguished Service Cross
Navy Cross
Air Force Cross
Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
Distinguished Service Medal (Navy-Marine Corps)
Distinguished Service Medal (Air Force)
Distinguished Service Medal (Coast Guard)
Silver Star
Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit
Distinguished Flying Cross
Soldier's Medal
Navy and Marine Corps Medal
Airman's Medal
Coast Guard Medal
Bronze Star Medal
Purple Heart
Defense Meritorious Service Medal
Meritorious Service Medal
Air Medal

The Conspicuous Service Cross is also awarded to those members of the New York Organised Militia who were prisoners of war, served at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, directly participated in the Invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, or have been declared by the Department of Defense as killed or missing in action.  It may also be awarded for conspicuous service to the State of New York.

See also
Conspicuous Service Medal (New York)

References

Conspicuous Service Cross

State awards and decorations of the United States
Government of New York (state)
Prague High School

Prague High School may refer to:

Prague High School (Nebraska) in Prague, Nebraska
Prague High School (Oklahoma) in Prague, Oklahoma
Louis Lombardi

Louis Lombardi (born January 17, 1968) is an American actor known for his roles in The Sopranos, Fantasy Island, and 24 and also as the bartender in Battleship.

Early life 
Lombardi was born in The Bronx, New York City, the son of Louis Lombardi Sr.

Career 
On television, Lombardi had a recurring role on The Sopranos as Agent Skip Lipari, and guest starred on such shows as Chuck, Entourage, Heroes and CSI.  He was a cast member of a 1990s revival of Fantasy Island and played Edgar Stiles on 24.  He also played Stucky Fein in the short-lived television show Mob City.

He has had roles in films including Beer League, The Usual Suspects, Natural Born Killers, Suicide Kings, Beverly Hills Cop III, The Animal, Spider-Man 2, 3000 Miles to Graceland, The Crew, The Hot Chick, The Spirit, Battleship, and Jersey Boys. He also wrote and directed the film Dough Boys, released in 2008.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links
Official website

Biography on FOX.com

1968 births
American male film actors
American male television actors
Living people
Male actors from New York City
American people of Italian descent
Red Cloud High School

Red Cloud High School may refer to:

Red Cloud High School (Nebraska) in Red Cloud, Nebraska
Red Cloud High School (South Dakota) in Pine Ridge, South Dakota
LovHer

LovHer was an American R&B girl group. The group was the first female group on the Def Soul label. The group was formed in 1999 by Sisqó, lead singer of R&B group Dru Hill, who wanted to put together a girl group that would present a raw, "street" appeal. Like Dru Hill, LovHer's members are known by hip hop nicknames:Talia "Chinky" Burgess, Marthea "Buttah" Jackson, Samerrah  "Serenade" Terrell, and Kienji Hakeem. LovHer comprised the Baltimore, Maryland, native Chinky who was discovered in a talent show, Kienji from South Central Los Angeles, Serenade and Buttah from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, who were hosting a public-access television cable TV show before auditioning for the co-founder of Dru Hill.

History
In 1999, LovHer made their first appearance in Sisqó's "Got to Get It" music video, and performed vocals on Sisqó's Unleash the Dragon and Return of Dragon albums. Before "Got to Get It", LovHer lead singer Chinky had appeared on Dru Hill's Enter the Dru album.

In 2002, their song "How It's Gonna Be" was released as a single from the 2001 Rush Hour 2 soundtrack, and peaked at number 60 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The group was nominated for the Soul Train Lady of Soul award for Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist - Group, Band or Duo.

The group was dropped by Def Soul and recorded an album that was eventually shelved. In 2007, Kienji left the group. After a brief attempt at continuing as a trio, the remaining members of the group split up.

Discography
 Advance Retail Sampler (2002)

Compilation appearances
 Rush Hour 2 soundtrack (31 July 2001) (song: "How It's Gonna Be")

References

African-American musical groups
American contemporary R&B musical groups
Def Jam Recordings artists
American girl groups
Mike Flores (author)

Michael J. Flores is an American author on the topic of games, Magic: The Gathering, deck construction and game theory.

Career
The Philippines-born Flores has published articles for The Duelist, The Sideboard, Usenet, The Magic Dojo, The Psylum Dojo, Neutral Ground, Brainburst and other major independent Magic sites. He used to write a weekly column for Wizards of the Coast's official site MagicTheGathering.com and occasional columns for MTG site Starcitygames.com.

Flores is a former color commentator on the Pro Tour webcasts.

Flores designed Jon Finkel's deck, Napster, for the 2000 US National Championship. He also designed André Coimbra's Naya Lightsaber deck, which he used to win the 2009 World Championship.

Flores has qualified for the Pro Tour numerous times. He has earned the nickname "Bad Player Flores" due to his continued failure to succeed at the top level of the game as well as his many play mistakes. However, he did finish 26th at Pro Tour Charleston with teammates Steve Sadin and Paul Jordan, with an individual record of 11–3, and won the 2006 Standard State Championship in New York City

The first 10 years of Flores' writing were recently collected into a book called Michael J. Flores: Deckade, 10 years of decks, thoughts and theory. He is currently working on a graphic novel with Platinum Studios.

References

Living people
American Magic: The Gathering players
Writers from New York City
Year of birth missing (living people)
Tychoplankton

Tychoplankton (Greek, "tycho", accident, chance) are organisms, such as free-living or attached benthic organisms and other non-planktonic organisms, that are carried into the plankton through a disturbance of their benthic habitat, or by winds and currents. This can occur by direct turbulence or by disruption of the substrate and subsequent entrainment in the water column. Tychoplankton are, therefore, a primary subdivision for sorting planktonic organisms by duration of lifecycle spent in the plankton, as neither their entire lives nor particular reproductive portions are confined to planktonic existence.

They are also known as accidental plankton or pseudo-plankton (compare: pseudoplankton), although "pseudoplankton" also defines organisms that do not themselves float but, rather, are attached to other organisms that float.

See also
Pseudoplankton

References

Planktology
Monklands (district)

Monklands (Bad nam Manach in Scottish Gaelic) was, between 1975 and 1996, one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region of Scotland.

History
The district was created in 1975 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, which established a two-tier structure of local government across mainland Scotland comprising upper-tier regions and lower-tier districts. Monklands was one of nineteen districts created within the region of Strathclyde. The district covered parts of four former districts from the historic county of Lanarkshire, all of which were abolished at the same time:
Airdrie Burgh
Coatbridge Burgh
Seventh District (Shottskirk electoral division, rest went to Motherwell)
Ninth District (Old Monkland and New Monkland electoral divisions, rest split between Glasgow and Strathkelvin)

The name of "Monklands" originated in the grant of lands in the area to the monks of the Cistercian Abbey of Newbattle, Midlothian in 1162. From the seventeenth century the area was formed into the two parishes of New Monkland and Old Monkland.

Apart from the two burghs of Airdrie and Coatbridge, the area included the following settlements: 
Bargeddie
Calderbank
Caldercruix
Chapelhall
Glenboig
Glenmavis
Greengairs
Plains
Salsburgh

The district was abolished in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 which replaced regions and districts with unitary council areas. North Lanarkshire council area was formed covering the abolished districts of Monklands, Motherwell, Cumbernauld and Kilsyth, and the Chryston area of Strathkelvin district.

The area is still informally referred to as Monklands. The hospital in Airdrie is University Hospital Monklands (previously Monklands District General Hospital), and football matches between the two senior teams in the area, Airdrieonians and Albion Rovers, are often referred to as Monklands Derbies.

Political control
The first election to the district council was held in 1974, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until it came into its powers on 16 May 1975. Throughout the council's existence the Labour party held a majority of the seats:

Premises
The district council's headquarters were at Coatbridge Municipal Buildings at the corner of Dunbeth Street and Kildonan Street in Coatbridge, the largest town. The building had been built in 1894 as Coatbridge Town Hall. After the council's abolition the building served as additional offices for North Lanarkshire Council, which based itself instead at Motherwell Civic Centre.

See also
 1992 Monklands District Council election
 Monklandsgate
 Subdivisions of Scotland

References

External links
New or East Monkland from A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (1846), (British History Online) 
Old Monkland from A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (1846), (British History Online)
Airdrie Museum

Districts of Scotland
Coatbridge
Airdrie, North Lanarkshire
Politics of North Lanarkshire
Dangubica

The dangubica or samica is a small Serbian and Croatian stringed instrument, having either  two single or two double strings, a long, fretted neck, and a pear-shaped body. One string (or pair or strings) is used to play the melody, while the second plays a continuous note, known as the drone. Loosely translated, the word danguba means "to lose the day," referring to the instrument's origins among shepherds, who usually played alone as a way to pass the time. This also helps to explain the fact that tuning of the dangubica is widely varied.

It is related to the Turkish saz and tamburitza orchestra instruments.

References 

Necked bowl lutes
They Chose Freedom

They Chose Freedom () is a four-part TV documentary on the history of political dissent in the USSR from the 1950s to the 1990s. It was produced in 2005 by Vladimir Kara-Murza.

The documentary tells the story of the Soviet dissident movement from its emergence in the late 1950s with the weekly public Mayakovsky Square poetry readings in Moscow. The development of samizdat, opposition demonstrations held in Moscow such as the 1965 Glasnost meeting and 1968 Red Square demonstration, and the harsh repressions unleashed by Soviet authorities against dissenters including forced psychiatric "treatment", prison camps and deportations, are all part of the film's narrative.

The third episode deals with events leading to the collapse of Soviet dictatorship and the democratic revolution of August 1991. The final episode is dedicated to the period after 1991; in it former dissidents discuss why the emergence of democracy in Russia proved to be short-lived, and how it was possible that a former KGB officer, Vladimir Putin, was elected to the Russian presidency.

"They Chose Freedom" is narrated primarily through the interviews of dissidents themselves. The film's participants are Vladimir Bukovsky, Elena Bonner, Sergei Kovalev, Alexander Yessenin-Volpin, Anatoly Sharansky, Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov, Alexander Podrabinek, Eduard Kuznetsov, Pavel Litvinov, Naum Korzhavin, Natalya Gorbanevskaya, Viktor Fainberg and Vladimir Dremlyuga.

According to director Vladimir Kara-Murza, the principal goal of his documentary was to show that even a small group of citizens that is prepared to defend dignity and freedom is eventually able to prevail over a totalitarian dictatorship.

They Chose Freedom was premiered on RTVi network in October 2005. The Russian premiere of the film was held at the Sakharov Center in Moscow in December 2005. In June 2006 the screening of They Chose Freedom was held at the Cinema House in Ekaterinburg.

In February 2007 They Chose Freedom was presented at a human rights seminar in Harvard University. On 11 February 2014, the Harriman Institute and Institute of Modern Russia presented the English-language version of They Chose Freedom.

References

External links 
 
 
"Film on Soviet Dissidents Presented at Harvard University", SPS.ru, March 7, 2007 (in English)
"Documentary About Soviet Dissidents Released", Prima-News Agency, December 2, 2005 (in English)
Blog review of They Chose Freedom, December 3, 2005 (in English)
 Interview with Vladimir Kara-Murza on "Radio Liberty", November 12, 2005 (in Russian)

See also 
 Parallels, Events, People

2005 television films
2005 films
2005 Russian television series debuts
2005 Russian television series endings
2000s Russian television series
Russian documentary television series
Russian documentary films
Documentary films about Russian politics
RTVI
Commemoration of communist crimes
Documentary films about human rights
2000s Russian-language films
Films about activists
Documentary films about the Soviet Union
Seward High School

Seward High School can refer to:

Seward High School (Alaska) in Seward, Alaska
Seward High School (Nebraska) in Seward, Nebraska
Notburga

Notburga (c. 1265 – 13 September 1313), also known as Notburga of Rattenberg or Notburga of Eben, was an Austrian saint and peasant from Tyrol, Numerous vitae have been written about her and painted by her where she is depicted with a scythe. She is venerated by the Catholic Church, having been canonized by Pope Pius IX.

Life
Notburga was born about 1265 at Rattenberg on the Inn river. She was a cook in the household of Count Henry of Rattenberg, and used to give food to the poor. But Ottilia, her mistress, ordered her to feed any leftover food to the pigs. To continue her mission, Notburga began to save some of her own food, especially on Fridays, and took it to the poor.

According to her legend, one day her master met her and commanded her to show him what she was carrying. She obeyed but instead of the food he saw only shavings, and instead of wine, vinegar. As a result of Notburga's actions, Ottilia dismissed her, but soon fell dangerously ill. Notburga remained to nurse her and prepared her for death.

Next, Notburga worked for a peasant in Eben am Achensee, on the condition that she be permitted to go to church evenings before Sundays and festivals. One evening her master urged her to continue working in the field. Throwing her sickle into the air she supposedly said: "Let my sickle be judge between me and you," and the sickle remained suspended in the air.

In the meantime, Count Henry had suffered difficulties, which he ascribed to his dismissal of Notburga, so he rehired her and the estate prospered.  Shortly before her death she is said to have told her master to place her corpse on a wagon drawn by two oxen and to bury her wherever the oxen stood still. The oxen drew the wagon to the chapel of St. Rupert near Eben, where she was buried.

Veneration
On 27 March 1862, Pope Pius IX canonized Notburga as a saint. Her feast is celebrated on 13 September. She is usually represented with an ear of corn, or flowers and a sickle in her hand; sometimes the sickle is suspended in the air.

References

External links

1265 births
1313 deaths
Austrian Roman Catholic saints
German Roman Catholic saints
History of Tyrol (region)
13th-century Christian saints
14th-century Christian saints
Christian female saints of the Middle Ages
13th-century people from the Holy Roman Empire
13th-century women from the Holy Roman Empire
14th-century people from the Holy Roman Empire
14th-century women from the Holy Roman Empire
Medieval Austrian saints
Medieval German saints
Female saints of medieval Germany
13th-century women farmers
13th-century farmers
14th-century women farmers
14th-century farmers
Shelton High School

Shelton High School may refer to:

Shelton High School (Washington) in Shelton, Washington
Shelton High School (Connecticut) in Shelton, Connecticut
KTSC

KTSC may refer to:

 KTSC-FM, a radio station (89.5 FM) licensed to Pueblo, Colorado, United States
 KTSC (TV), a television station (channel 26) licensed to Pueblo, Colorado, United States