alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Right-of-way (transportation)

A right-of-way (ROW, not to be confused with "right of way" without hyphens) is a right to make a way over a piece of land, usually to and from another piece of land. A right of way is a type of easement granted or reserved over the land for transportation purposes, such as a highway, public footpath, rail transport, canal, as well as electrical transmission lines, oil and gas pipelines.  In the case of an easement, it may revert to its original owners if the facility is abandoned. This American English term is also used to denote the land itself.

A right of way is granted or reserved over the land for transportation purposes, usually for private access to private land and, historically for a highway, public footpath, rail transport, canal, as well as electrical transmission lines, oil and gas pipelines. A right-of-way is reserved for the purposes of maintenance or expansion of existing services with the right-of-way.

Rail right-of-way
In the United States, railroad rights-of-way (ROW or R/O/W) are generally considered private property by the respective railroad owners and by applicable state laws.  Most U.S. railroads employ their own police forces, who can arrest and prosecute trespassers found on their rights-of-way. Some railroad rights-of-way include recreational rail trails.

In Canada, railroad rights-of-way are regulated by federal law.

In the United Kingdom, railway companies received the right to resume land for a right-of-way by privates Act of Parliament.

Designations of railroad right of way 

The various designations of railroad right of way are as follows:
Active track is any track that is used regularly or even only once in a while.
Out of service means the right of way is preserved, and the railroad retains the right to activate it. The line could be out of service for decades. Thus track or crossings that have been removed need to be replaced.
By an embargo the track is removed, but the right of way is preserved and usually is converted into a walking or cycling path or other such use. 
An abandonment is a lengthy formal process by which the railroad gives up all rights to the line. In most cases the track is removed and sold for scrap and any grade crossings are redone. The line will never be active again. The right of way reverts to the adjoining property owners.

Rail rights-of-way uses other than rail transport
 
Railroad rights-of-way need not be exclusively for railroad tracks and related equipment. Easements are frequently given to permit the laying of communication cables (such as optical fiber) or natural gas pipelines, or to run electric power transmission lines overhead.

See also

 Eminent domain
 Noise barrier
 Permanent way
 Right of way (public throughway)
 Right of way (traffic)
 Rights of way in England and Wales

References

Rail infrastructure
Road transport
Frank McManus (Irish politician)

Frank McManus (born 16 August 1942) is an Irish nationalist activist and former Member of Parliament in the British House of Commons.

Born in Kinawley, County Fermanagh, he is a brother of Father Seán McManus, the Irish-American lobbyist and Catholic priest, and Pat McManus, a member of the Irish Republican Army killed in an explosion in 1958.

He received his secondary education at St. Michael's College, Enniskillen; he later attended Queen's University, Belfast before becoming a solicitor. In the late 1960s, he became the chair of the Fermanagh Civil Rights Association.

McManus was elected at the 1970 general election, as the Unity candidate for Fermanagh and South Tyrone. On 3 July 1970 he swore the Oath of Allegiance to Queen Elizabeth II. Following the introduction of internment, he chaired the meeting on 17 October 1971 where the Northern Resistance Movement was founded. He lost the seat at the February 1974 general election to Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) candidate Harry West, when the Social Democratic and Labour Party also stood a candidate, which resulted in a split nationalist vote. In 1977, he was a founder member of the short-lived Irish Independence Party.

He is a solicitor in Lisnaskea, and a trustee of the Fermanagh Trust.

References

Living people
1942 births
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Fermanagh and South Tyrone (since 1950)
UK MPs 1970–1974
People educated at St Michael's College, Enniskillen
Solicitors from Northern Ireland
People from Lisnaskea
Politicians from County Fermanagh
Lawyers from County Fermanagh
Lesogorsk

Lesogorsk () is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities
Lesogorsk, Irkutsk Oblast, a work settlement in Chunsky District of Irkutsk Oblast
Lesogorsk (work settlement), Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a work settlement in Shatkovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Rural localities
Lesogorsk (station settlement), Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a station settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of the work settlement of  Lesogorsk, Shatkovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Historical names
Lesogorsk, name of the selo of Lesogorskoye, Uglegorsky District, Sakhalin Oblast until 1993
12AT7

12AT7 (also known in Europe by the Mullard–Philips tube designation of ECC81) is a miniature 9-pin medium-gain (60) dual-triode vacuum tube popular in guitar amplifiers.  It belongs to a large family of dual triode vacuum tubes which share the same pinout (EIA 9A), including in particular the very commonly used low-mu 12AU7 and high-mu 12AX7.

The 12AT7 has somewhat lower voltage gain than the 12AX7, but higher transconductance and plate current, which makes it suitable for high frequency applications.

Originally the tube was intended for operation in VHF circuits, such as TV sets and FM tuners, as an oscillator/frequency converter, but it also found wide use in audio as a driver and phase-inverter in vacuum tube push–pull amplifier circuits.

This tube is essentially two 6AB4/EC92s in a single envelope. Unlike the situation with the 6C4 and 12AU7, both the 6AB4 and the 12AT7 are described by manufacturer's data sheets as R.F. devices operating up to VHF frequencies.

The tube has a center-tapped filament so it can be used in either 6.3V 300mA or 12.6V 150mA heater circuits.

 the 12AT7 was manufactured in Russia (Electro-Harmonix brand), Slovakia (JJ Electronic), and China.

See also
 12AU7
 12AX7 - includes a comparison of similar twin-triode designs
 List of vacuum tubes

References

External links
 12AT7 twin triode data sheet from General Electric
 Reviews of 12at7 tubes.

Vacuum tubes
Guitar amplification tubes
Bitter Tea

Bitter Tea is the fifth full-length album by The Fiery Furnaces, released on April 18, 2006, via Fat Possum in the U.S and Rough Trade in the UK. After it leaked onto the internet on February 22, the band immediately started selling the CD on tour.

The band envisioned Bitter Tea as a loose companion piece to their previous album Rehearsing My Choir, which had released just five months prior.

Critical response

Bitter Tea received generally positive reviews that were less polarized than their previous two proper albums, Blueberry Boat and Rehearsing My Choir. At Pitchfork Media, Mark Richardson praised the "sweet, undeniable melody" of "Teach Me Sweetheart" and the poppy likeability of "Benton Harbor Blues." Heather Phares at AllMusic criticized the album for being too long and "oddly diluted," but admitted that "even if all the songs aren't uniformly great, there's something interesting about each of them."

Track listing
 "In My Little Thatched Hut" – 4:13
 "I'm in No Mood" – 3:39
 "Black-Hearted Boy" – 5:11
 "Bitter Tea" – 5:45
 "Teach Me Sweetheart" – 5:56
 "I'm Waiting to Know You" – 4:01
 "The Vietnamese Telephone Ministry" – 5:44
 "Oh Sweet Woods" – 5:25
 "Borneo" – 4:17
 "Police Sweater Blood Vow" – 2:53
 "Nevers" – 5:02
 "Benton Harbor Blues" – 7:23
 "Whistle Rhapsody" – 4:20
 "Nevers (Reprise)" (unlisted) – 5:14
 "Benton Harbor Blues (Reprise)" (unlisted) – 3:13

Backmasking
The album contains several instances of backmasking throughout.

References

2006 albums
The Fiery Furnaces albums
Rough Trade Records albums
Fat Possum Records albums
Canada Dry One

Canada Dry was the nickname for two Canadian Forces bases in Doha, Qatar during the first Gulf War. The two bases, named Canada Dry One (10 km outside Doha) and Canada Dry Two, housed land and air elements (CF18 - Desert Cats).

Units stationed at the base included:

 No. 409 Squadron RCAF - CF-18 
 No. 416 Squadron RCAF - CF-18 
 No. 439 Squadron RCAF - CF-18 
 Mike Company, 3rd Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment

A number of CF-18 fighters were stationed in the bases and flew sorties for the coalition.

A Boeing CC-137 Husky tanker from 437 Transport Squadron also flew at the base to provide refueling for the CF-18 fighters.

See also
 Camp Julien
 Camp Mirage

References

External links
 Thistle, Rich. CF-18 Hornets in the Gulf War. Rich Thistle Art Studio.
 409 Squadron. Forty Years - 4 Wing Canadian Forces Base Baden Soellingen.

Air force installations of Canada
Military installations closed in the 1990s
Canada–Qatar relations
Woodcliff Lake station

Woodcliff Lake is an active commuter railroad station in the borough of Woodcliff Lake, Bergen County, New Jersey. Located at the junction of Woodcliff Avenue (County Route 90) and Broadway (County Route 104) on the edge of the Woodcliff Lake Reservoir, the station is served by trains of New Jersey Transit's Pascack Valley Line. The station, which contains a single track and low-level side platform, is not accessible per handicapped persons under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. As of November 8, 2020, Woodcliff Lake is serviced seven days a week by New Jersey Transit trains, having previously only been a single train on weekends and holidays up to that point.

History 
Railroad service through Woodcliff Lake began on May 27, 1871 when the Hackensack and New York Extension Railroad introduced service north from Hillsdale to Nanuet, New York. At that time, a station in the area was known as Pascack. The former station depot at Woodcliff Lake, in deplorable condition for multiple years attached to the existing depot, came down in December 1960 to be replaced by a police station outpost and improved parking for commuters.

Station layout
The station has one track and one low-level side platform.

Permit parking is operated by the Borough of Woodcliff Lake. A single permit parking lot, with 60 parking spots is available.

References

External links

Borough of Woodcliff Lake
Station House from Google Maps Street View

NJ Transit Rail Operations stations
Railway stations in Bergen County, New Jersey
Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1871
1871 establishments in New Jersey
12AU7

The 12AU7 and its variants are miniature nine-pin (B9A base) medium-gain dual triode vacuum tubes.  It belongs to a large family of dual triode vacuum tubes which share the same pinout (RETMA 9A). 12AU7 is also known in Europe under its Mullard–Philips tube designation ECC82. There are many equivalent tubes with different names, some identical, some designed for ruggedness, long life, or other characteristics; examples are the US military 5814A and the European special-quality ECC82 and E182CC.

The tube is popular in hi-fi vacuum tube audio as a low-noise line amplifier, driver (especially for tone stacks), and phase-inverter in vacuum tube push–pull amplifier circuits.   It was widely used, in special-quality versions such as ECC82 and 5814A, in pre-semiconductor digital computer circuitry. Use of special-quality versions outside of the purpose they were designed for may not be optimal; for example, a version for digital computers may be designed for long life without cathode poisoning when mostly switched to low-current mode in switching applications, but with little attention to parameters of interest only for linear applications such as linearity of transfer characteristic, matching between the two sections, microphony, etc.

This tube is essentially two 6C4/EC90s in the same envelope. However, this latter type is officially described in manufacturer's data as "a special quality R.F. power amplifier or oscillator for frequencies up to 150 MHz". The 12AU7, on the other hand, is described as an "A.F. double triode". Data sheets suggest an upper frequency limit of 30 kHz for the 12AU7/ECC82 and it is not described as a "special quality" device.  This contrasts with the 6AB4/EC92 and 12AT7/ECC81 which are both R.F. devices operating up to VHF.
 
Double triodes of the 12AU7 family have a center-tapped filament for use in either 6.3V 300mA or 12.6V 150mA heater circuits.

 the 12AU7 continued to be manufactured in Russia, Slovakia (JJ Electronic), and China.

See also
12AX7 - includes a comparison of similar twin-triode designs
12AT7

References

External links 

 12AU7 datasheet from the RCA RC-29 Receiving Tubes Manual (NJ7P Tube Database)
 Several tube datasheets
 Reviews of 12au7 tubes.
  (JJ Electronic ECC82 Datasheet)

Vacuum tubes
Guitar amplification tubes
Bargi Dam

Bargi Dam is one of the first completed dams out of the chain of 30 major dams to be constructed on Narmada River in Madhya Pradesh, India. Two major irrigation projects, named Bargi Diversion Project and Rani Avantibai Lodhi Sagar Project, have been developed by the Bargi Dam administration.

References

External links 
 

Dams in Madhya Pradesh
Hydroelectric power stations in Madhya Pradesh
Tourist attractions in Jabalpur district
Narmada River
Dams on the Narmada River
Buildings and structures in Jabalpur
Dams completed in 1998
1998 establishments in Madhya Pradesh
20th-century architecture in India
Riverwest Currents

The Riverwest Currents is a monthly newspaper published in Milwaukee, Wisconsin since 1999 by owner/publisher Vince Bushell. It has sometimes used the slogan "The Community Voice of Milwaukee's Left Bank," which was coined in 2001 by Dan Knauss (then the Currents' web editor) as a reference to the generally liberal or leftist reputation of the Riverwest neighborhood and the general ethos of the publication.

External links
Riverwest Currents official website

Newspapers published in Wisconsin
Mass media in Milwaukee
Newspapers established in 1999
1999 establishments in Wisconsin
Indoor cross-country

Indoor cross country is a relatively new test of equestrian skills. It involves the use of both show jumping-type obstacles and cross country-type obstacles (including banks, water, logs, and brush fences) in a course of an indoor arena.

Indoor cross-country has mainly been performed in Europe. However, Britain offered its first competition at the British Open Show Jumping Championships in April 2006. Such was the success of this event, which included riders such as Zara Phillips and Jeanette Brakewell, that the event is now one of the main attractions at the British Open. In the Autumn of 2006, the Royal Fair in Toronto launched their version after consultation with the British Open organizers.

Rails down add penalties to the rider's score, as does going over time.

External links 
 (this goes directly to a video of an indoor derby)
Show jumping/

Eventing
Elizabethtown (soundtrack)

The soundtrack for the film Elizabethtown, directed by Cameron Crowe, constitutes multiple volumes released by RCA Records between 2005-2006. The first volume of original songs from the movie, titled Elizabethtown: Songs from the Motion Picture, was released September 13, 2005. The physical CD release of this first volume remains in print at the time of writing, but is not as pictured here, featuring instead the red cover art seen on AllMusic, and does not include the last song "Plush" referenced by the track listing here. The original score, composed by rock musician Nancy Wilson, was released on October 14, 2005. The four-song extended play Songs for the Ride Home was released as a limited-time iTunes Exclusive on December 20, 2005. A full-length follow-up collection, titled Elizabethtown: Volume 2, was released on February 7, 2006, and replaced Songs for the Ride Home on iTunes 

Overall, the albums featured original music by rock musician Nancy Wilson, as well as songs by Tom Petty, Elton John, Lindsey Buckingham, Ryan Adams, My Morning Jacket, 
Jeff Finlin, and other artists.

Track listing

Volume 1
 "60B (Etown Theme)" – Nancy Wilson
 "It'll All Work Out" – Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
 "My Father's Gun" – Elton John
 "io (This Time Around)" – Helen Stellar
 "Come Pick Me Up" – Ryan Adams
 "Where to Begin" – My Morning Jacket
 "Long Ride Home" – Patty Griffin
 "Sugar Blue" – Jeff Finlin
 "Don't I Hold You" – Wheat
 "Shut Us Down" – Lindsey Buckingham
 "Let It Out (Let It All Hang Out)" – The Hombres
 "Hard Times (Come Again No More)" – Eastmountainsouth
 "Jesus Was a Cross Maker" – The Hollies
 "Square One" – Tom Petty
 "Same in Any Language" – I Nine
 "Plush" – 13th Step

Songs for the Ride Home

 "Words" – Ryan Adams
 "Jesus Was a Cross Maker" – Rachael Yamagata
 "Oh Yeah" – Nancy Wilson
 "Moon River" – Patty Griffin

Volume 2

 "Learning to Fly" – Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
 "English Girls Approximately" – Ryan Adams
 "Jesus Was a Cross Maker" – Rachael Yamagata
 "Funky Nassau" – The Beginning of the End
 "Loro" – Pinback
 "Moon River" – Patty Griffin
 "Summerlong" – Kathleen Edwards
 "...Passing By" – Ulrich Schnauss
 "You Can't Hurry Love" – The Concretes
 "River Road" – Nancy Wilson
 "Same in Any Language" – My Morning Jacket
 "What Are They Doing in Heaven Today" – Washington Phillips
 "Words" – Ryan Adams
 "Big Love" (Live)- Lindsey Buckingham
 "I Can't Get Next to You" – The Temptations

Original score

 "60B (Etown Theme)"
 "Same in Any Lingo"
 "Scruffy Busque"
 "River Kiss"
 "River Drive"
 "Headstone"
 "Grey Sky's Blue"
 "Flame to Ashes"
 "Zapata"
 "Dirty Shirt"
 "C Roll"
 "Family Table"
 "Drew's Theme"
 "Telephone Waltz"
 "California Baylor"
 "River Road"
 "Fiasco"
 "Containing Magic"
 "Bicycle Kid"
 "Every Snowflake"
 "Sun on a Rug"

References

Comedy film soundtracks
2005 soundtrack albums
2006 soundtrack albums
RCA Records soundtracks
Rock soundtracks
Pop soundtracks
Alternative country albums by American artists
Albums produced by Cameron Crowe
Park Ridge station (NJ Transit)

Park Ridge is an active commuter railroad station in the borough of Park Ridge, Bergen County, New Jersey. Located at the intersection of Park and Hawthorne Avenues, the station services trains on the Pascack Valley Line, which runs from Hoboken Terminal to Spring Valley station in New York. The station contains a single low-level side platform split by Park Avenue (County Route 92) and a wooden station depot, built by the Hackensack and New York Extension Railroad. As a result, Park Ridge station is not handicap accessible under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. 

Railroad service through Park Ridge began on May 27, 1871 with the final extension of the Hackensack and New York Extension Railroad from Hillsdale station in New Jersey to the junction with the Erie Railroad Piermont Branch at Nanuet. However, in order to establish a stop in Park Ridge, the railroad requested Washington Township residents fund the construction of a new depot.

History
The station house has been listed in the state and federal registers of historic places since 1984 and is part of the Operating Passenger Railroad Stations Thematic Resource.

Station layout
The station has one track and one low-level side platform.

Permit parking is operated by the Borough of Park Ridge. There are two permit parking lots available, with 100 and 34 parking spots, respectively.

See also 
 List of New Jersey Transit stations
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Bergen County, New Jersey

References

External links

Station and Station House from Park Avenue from Google Maps Street View

NJ Transit Rail Operations stations
Park Ridge, New Jersey
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
Former Erie Railroad stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1871
Railway stations in Bergen County, New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places in Bergen County, New Jersey
New Jersey Register of Historic Places
1871 establishments in New Jersey
Punk Goes 80's

Punk Goes 80's is the fourth in album in the Punk Goes... series created by Fearless Records. It contains covers of songs that were popular in the 1980s covered by various alternative rock, and pop punk bands. This is also the first album to feature the song "Your Love" by The Outfield being covered by the band Midtown. The song would later appear again on the compilation Punk Goes Classic Rock being covered then by electronicore band I See Stars.

Track listing

References

Covers albums
Punk Goes series
2005 compilation albums
Jean Darcet

Jean d'Arcet or Jean Darcet (7 September 1724 – 12 February 1801) was a French chemist, and director of the porcelain works at Sèvres. He was one of the first to manufacture porcelain in France.

Darcet was probably born in Doazit, where his family resided, but was baptised in Audignon.

In 1774 he was appointed professor of chemistry in the Collège de France and in 1795 he became a member of the Institute.

He died in Paris.

His publications include: Sur l'action d'un feu égal sur un grand nombre de terres (1766–71); Expériences sur plusieurs diamants et pierres précieuses (1772); Rapport sur l'electricité dans les maladies nerveuses (1783).

See also
 Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism

References
Jaime Wisniak: "Jean Darcet", Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas, Vol. 35, No. 2, 2004.
 Bailly, J.-S., "Secret Report on Mesmerism or Animal Magnetism", International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Vol.50, No.4, (October 2002), pp. 364–368. doi=10.1080/00207140208410110
 Franklin, B., Majault, M.J., Le Roy, J.B., Sallin, C.L., Bailly, J.-S., d'Arcet, J., de Bory, G., Guillotin, J.-I. & Lavoisier, A., "Report of The Commissioners charged by the King with the Examination of Animal Magnetism", International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Vol.50, No.4, (October 2002), pp. 332–363. doi=10.1080/00207140208410109

Academic staff of the Collège de France
18th-century French chemists
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
1724 births
1801 deaths
Dorothy J. Heydt

Dorothy Jones Heydt (1942-2022) was a United States author of science fiction and fantasy. She lived on the U.S. West Coast and was an active participant in the Usenet newsgroups rec.arts.sf.written and rec.arts.sf.fandom, and in science fiction fandom in general. She was the originator of the "Eight Deadly Words" ("I don't care what happens to these people"), and other fan quotes. She was the originator and first editor of the Star Trek Concordance, an extensive resource guide first published in March 1969.

A linguist, she invented one of the first widely used Vulcan conlangs in 1967 for a Star Trek fan fiction series. Its words were picked up and used by other fan fiction authors such as Claire Gabriel. One term, ni var, meaning "two form", an art form in which two contrasting aspects of a subject are compared, is still used on Star Trek: Enterprise, as the name of a Vulcan ship and on Star Trek: Discovery as the new name of the planet Vulcan itself.

She wrote numerous short stories and two novels; she sometimes wrote as "Katherine Blake." Many of her stories appeared in collections edited by Marion Zimmer Bradley, including the Sword and Sorceress series, and stories in the Darkover series shared world. Marion Zimmer Bradley's Fantasy Magazine published many of her stories.

While not one of the founding members of the Society for Creative Anachronism, she did participate in the early years and helped establish important elements of the ceremonies, such as the oath of fealty used in peerage ceremonies.

Dorothy Heydt died on June 28, 2022.

Selected works
Novels
 The Interior Life, as Katherine Blake. Baen Books (1990), 
 A Point of Honor.   Daw Books (1998)

References

External links
 Detailed list of published works.

Review of The Interior Life by Jo Walton

20th-century American novelists
American science fiction writers
American women novelists
Usenet people
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women
SS Samtampa

SS Samtampa was a 7,219 ton steamship wrecked on Sker Point, off Porthcawl and Kenfig, Wales, in the Bristol Channel on 23 April 1947. At the time of the shipwreck, the Samtampa was operated by the Houlder Line.

There were 47 fatalities in the incident, 39 from the ship and 8 volunteer crew of the lifeboat RNLB Edward, Prince of Wales (ON 678) from The Mumbles Lifeboat Station who died attempting to save the crew of the Samtampa. The lifeboat had returned to base, but had been sent out a second time. An oil spill from the tanks of the wrecked ship created an area of calm water, which the lifeboat coxswain, William Gammon (previously a winner of the RNLI Gold Medal), attempted to use to their advantage to enable them to pull alongside, and those who died were choked by the oil rather than drowning. The ship had sailed from Middlesbrough and most of the 39 crew hailed from the Teesside area.

A memorial to the victims of the Samtampa tragedy is in Porthcawl Cemetery and a commemorative plaque can be found marking the "final resting place of The Mumbles lifeboat" at Sker Point. The location of the wreck was 

In recognition of the sixtieth anniversary, a church service took place in Porthcawl on Saturday 21 April followed by a smaller service at Sker Point.
On Sunday 23rd April 2022, Porthcawl Runners hosted a 75th anniversary fun run on Mumbles Seafront. A year later, they held a similar run at Porthcawl Promenade, slightly longer in length, but with twice as many entrants. So, far the events have raised over £3000 for the RNLI and it is hoped that with its growing popularity, the event will take place every year. 

The Samtampa had been launched as the SS Peleg Wadsworth, a liberty ship built by the New England Shipbuilding Corporation at South Portland, Maine, and launched on 12 December 1943. Sent to Britain under the Lend-Lease program, the ship was renamed, and managed by the Houlder Line on behalf of the Ministry of War Transport.

References

External links 
70th Anniversary of the sinking of the SS Samtampa (BBC)
National Monuments Record of Wales

Liberty ships
Steamships
Shipwrecks in the Bristol Channel
Maritime incidents in 1947
Shipwrecks of Wales
1947 disasters in the United Kingdom
1943 ships
Mayna (inhabited locality)

Mayna () is the name of several urban localities in Russia:
Mayna, Republic of Khakassia, a work settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of the town of Sayanogorsk, Republic of Khakassia
Mayna, Ulyanovsk Oblast, a work settlement in Maynsky District of Ulyanovsk Oblast

See also
Chuvashskaya Mayna, a rural locality (a selo) in Alexeyevsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan
Nizhnyaya Tatarskaya Mayna, a rural locality (a village) in Aksubayevsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan
Novaya Mayna, an urban locality (a work settlement) in Melekessky District of Ulyanovsk Oblast
Staraya Mayna, an urban locality (a work settlement) in Staromaynsky District of Ulyanovsk Oblast
1985 French Open – Men's singles

Mats Wilander defeated the defending champion Ivan Lendl in the final, 3–6, 6–4, 6–2, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1985 French Open. It was his second French Open title.

Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Mats Wilander is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.

  John McEnroe (semifinals)
  Ivan Lendl (finalist)
  Jimmy Connors (semifinals)
  Mats Wilander (champion) 
  Andrés Gómez (third round)
  Anders Järryd (fourth round)
  Joakim Nyström (quarterfinals)
  Eliot Teltscher (second round)
  Yannick Noah (fourth round)
  Aaron Krickstein (fourth round)
  Miloslav Mečíř (third round)
  Henrik Sundström (fourth round)
  Tomáš Šmíd (fourth round)
  Stefan Edberg (quarterfinals)
  Brad Gilbert (first round)
  Jimmy Arias (first round)

Draw

Key
 Q = Qualifier
 WC = Wild card
 LL = Lucky loser
 r = Retired

Finals

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

Section 6

Section 7

Section 8

External links
 Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) – 1985 French Open Men's Singles draw
1985 French Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation

Men's Singles
French Open by year – Men's singles
1985 Grand Prix (tennis)
Shooting reconstruction

Shooting incident reconstruction is the examination of the physical evidence recovered or documented at the scene of a shooting. Shooting reconstruction may also include the laboratory analysis of the evidence recovered at the scene. The goal is an attempt to gain an understanding of what may or may not have happened during the incident. Once all reasonable explanations have been considered, one can evaluate the significance of witness or suspect accounts of the incident.

In many cases valuable evidence necessary for reconstruction analysis exists at the crime scene. Should this evidence go undocumented or unrecovered during the initial processing of the shooting scene, the information it can give investigators may be lost forever. Poor shooting incident processing can not be compensated for by excellent laboratory work.

There are many questions that can be answered from the proper reconstruction of a shooting incident. Some of the questions typically answered by a shooting reconstruction investigation include (but not limited to) the distance of the shooter from the target, The path of the bullet(s), The number of shots fired and possibly the sequence of multiple discharges at a shooting incident.

The Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners is an international non-profit organization dedicated to the advancement of firearm and tool mark identification, including shooting reconstruction.

References

External links
Association for Crime Scene Reconstruction
Association of Firearm and Toolmark Examiners
Shooting Reconstruction vs Shooting Reenactment

Further reading 

Ballistics
Forensic techniques
Gun violence
Grisha Filipov

Georgi (Grisha) Stanchev Filipov () (July 13, 1919 – November 2, 1994) was a leading member of the Bulgarian Communist Party.

Biography
He was born in the small town of Kadiivka, Ukraine, to a family of Bulgarian immigrants. In 1936, he and his family returned to Bulgaria, where Filipov studied at Lovech High School. Although he spoke the Bulgarian language fluently he did so with a heavy Russian accent, a fact that would make him somewhat unpopular amongst the wider Bulgarian population in later years. From 1938 to 1940 he was a student at Sofia University. He became a member of the Bulgarian Communist Party in 1940 and took an active part in the anti-fascist struggle of the Bulgarian students, for which he was arrested in 1942 and sentenced first to 12 and then to 15 years in prison. After the fall of fascism in 1944 he held politically sensitive posts and graduated in industrial economy and trade in Moscow (1951). He became a member of the Central Committee of the BCP in 1966, and in 1974, a member of the Politburo. From 1971 to 1981 and from 1986 to 1989 he was a member of the State Council of Bulgaria. Filipov became recognised as a leading economic expert in the Bulgarian government and became associated with the tendency that was sympathetic towards economic liberalisation.

Filipov was very close to Todor Zhivkov and was regularly touted as a potential successor. A leading member of the Politburo, he formed the 77th Bulgarian government on 16 June 1981 following elections to the National Assembly. He held the post until 21 March 1986 when Zhivkov replaced him with Georgi Atanasov. The move, which took place against the backdrop of reforms being brought in by Mikhail Gorbachev, was characterised as a cosmetic gesture aimed to create the illusion of change rather than a Bulgarian version of glasnost and perestroika.

After the fall of the socialist system in 1989 he was removed from all political posts and on 24 April 1990 he was expelled from the BCP.

On 14 July 1992, Filipov was arrested on charges of misappropriation of state funds, but was released a short time later on health grounds. He died in 1994 before he could be brought to trial.

References

Bibliography
 Tashev, T. Министрите на България 1879 - 1999 (Ministers in Bulgaria 1879 - 1999). Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House, 1999.
 Tsurakov, A. Енциклопедия Правителствата на България 1879 - 2005 (Encyclopedia of Bulgarian Ministers, 1879 - 2005). Petr Beron, 2005.

1919 births
1994 deaths
People from Kadiivka
Ukrainian people of Bulgarian descent
Soviet emigrants to Bulgaria
Bulgarian Communist Party politicians
Prime Ministers of Bulgaria
Bulgarian resistance members
Heads of government who were later imprisoned
Inhaca

Inhaca is a settlement in Mozambique, on the subtropical Inhaca Island (Ilha da Inhaca in Portuguese) off the East African coast. Inhaca settlement is centered on a mission station located about 32 km east of Maputo.

Geography and administration
The 52 km2 island separates Maputo Bay (Baía de Maputo) to the west from the Indian Ocean off its eastern shores.  The island's irregular coastline approaches the mainland's Machangulo peninsula at Ponta Torres where a 500m-wide tidal race separates the two headlands. In administrative terms Inhaca is a municipal district of the municipality of Maputo, while the Machangulo peninsula is included under the Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area and is part of the district of Matutuíne, Maputo Province.

Economy

A population of about 6,000 people subsist on fishing and agriculture. At low tide women harvest crabs, oysters and fish from the western shallows. At high tide fishing boats leave the island for deeper sea fishing. The island is a popular winter destination of South African tourists.

History

Tsonga chief Nhaca, a protector of early shipwrecked Portuguese sailors, lends his name to the later settlement. Later 16th century Portuguese traders established an Inhaca Island base to ply the Bay of the Lagoon's (Baía da Lagoa) rivers in search of ivory. A 1747 map by Emanuel Bowen records 'Inhaqua' settlement on the mainland peninsula while referring to the island as 'I. S. Maria'.

The first light house dates from 1894, and was upgraded in the 1920s. A marine biological station (the 'MBS')  was built in 1951 and some of the shores were declared nature reserves in 1976. Of late the biological station came under administration of the Eduardo Mondlane University.

Traveller's destinations

The Inhacazul Lodge and Pestana Hotel are the main destinations of travellers from where different excursions are often undertaken, including scuba diving and snorkelling outings. Backpackers mostly visit a catering camping area within walking distance of the landing jetty, and are required to take bottled water and their own tents. Inhaca village is within a 5-minute drive from the camp where there are two restaurants, two bars, a grocery store and a marketplace.

The Island can be visited by means of a Ferry which departs from the Porto de Pesca, Maputo at 8:00 and returns at 15:00 every Saturday and Sunday. Travellers reach the island's landing jetty at high tide, but have to wade some sandy shallows during low tide.

There are also return flights that depart from Maputo airport and these 18 seater planes reach the island airstrip in fifteen minutes.

References and external links
 Reader's Digest Atlas of Southern Africa
 A natural history of Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Margaret Kalk, J de Koning, 1995
 Mozambique, Islands in the Sun by Keri Harvey  26 October 2004
 Destination Mozambique
 Dive Mozambique

See also
 Inhaca Island

Populated places in Mozambique
Geography of Maputo
Traditional Protestant Episcopal Church

The Traditional Protestant Episcopal Church (TPEC) was a jurisdiction of the Continuing Anglican movement in the Reformed Anglican tradition. It was founded in 1991 by Richard G. Melli, formerly a priest of the Anglican Catholic Church, Diocese of the South. This Christian church body saw itself as maintaining the original doctrine, discipline, and worship of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America and the evangelical, Protestant, and Reformed faith of historic Anglicanism.[citation needed] 

The TPEC, which had one diocese that was named Diocese of the Advent, subscribed to the authority of Holy Scripture and the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion.[citation needed] The 1928 Book of Common Prayer was used and assent was given to the 1954 revision of the Constitution and Canons of the PECUSA. At its inception, the church consisted of twelve congregations, primarily low church "Morning Prayer" parishes, and as many clergy.[citation needed]

In September 2011, TPEC's Presiding Bishop, Charles E. Morley, and Canterbury Chapel in Fairhope, Alabama, were received by Presiding Bishop Jerry L. Ogles into the Anglican Orthodox Church.

References

External links 
 Church website - Archived

1986 establishments in the United States
2011 disestablishments in the United States
Anglican denominations in North America
Continuing Anglican denominations
Religious organizations disestablished in 2011
Christian organizations established in 1986
Quest Aerospace

Quest Aerospace is a company based in Cedar City, UT, United States, that designs and produces model rocket kits.

Quest Aerospace was founded in 1992 by Bill Stine (son of G. Harry Stine) in Pagosa Springs, Colorado, and produces model rocket kits for various skill levels of modelers, from the beginner to the most highly skilled. In 1995, ToyBiz (now Marvel Entertainment) acquired Quest along with Spectra Star, Inc. In 2003, Bill Stine purchased back Quest Aerospace from Marvel. In 2014, Quest Aerospace was purchased by RCS rocket motor components (Aerotech Consumer Aerospace) and was moved from Pagosa Springs, CO to Cedar City, Utah.

Quest's products include model rockets powered by standard 18 mm motors as well as smaller rockets powered by Micro Maxx motors. The company produces both 18 mm motors and Micro Maxx motors for use in its model rocket kits. Powered by compressed black powder motors, some of these rockets can achieve altitudes of over 2000 feet. Quest also produces a small line of midpowered rocket kits and is currently in the works of converting from black powder motors to Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) motors. These new motors are called Q-jets and are currently being sent in to the National Association of Rocketry for certification testing. Once the motors are certified, the new Q-jets will be available for purchase.

In early 2018, Quest Aerospace announced some of their Q-Jet rocket motors, A3's, and B4s, made of Ammonium perchlorate. These motors are now available on Quest Aerospace's website.

In popular culture

The name Quest Aerospace was used in the 2002 film Spider-Man, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Quest was a competitor of Oscorp, the company owned by Norman Osborn (aka the Green Goblin). Quest was competing with Oscorp to sell an exoskeleton to the US Military, and after the Green Goblin destroyed it, the company restructured and was going to purchase Oscorp before the Goblin killed the Oscorp board of directors.

References

External links 
 Go to the Quest Aerospace Website

Companies based in Utah
1992 establishments in Colorado
Kropotkin, Krasnodar Krai

Kropotkin () is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kuban River.

History
It was founded as Romanovsky Khutor in the late 18th century, and was renamed Kropotkin in honor of the outstanding natural scientist, geographer and revolutionary anarchist Prince Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin in 4 February 1921, when it was granted town status. Population:    70,000 (1972); 42,000 (1939); 27,000 (1926).

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the Town of Kropotkin—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the Town of Kropotkin is incorporated within Kavkazsky Municipal District as Kropotkinskoye Urban Settlement.

Transportation
The town's railway station is named Kavkazskaya.

References

Notes

Sources

Cities and towns in Krasnodar Krai
Peter Kropotkin
1921 establishments in Russia
1986 French Open – Men's singles

Ivan Lendl defeated Mikael Pernfors in the final, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1986 French Open.

Mats Wilander was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Andrei Chesnokov.

Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Ivan Lendl is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.

  Ivan Lendl (champion)
  Mats Wilander (third round)
  Boris Becker (quarterfinals)
  Yannick Noah (fourth round)
  Stefan Edberg (second round)
  Joakim Nyström (first round)
  Anders Järryd (third round)
  Henri Leconte (semifinals)
  Andrés Gómez (quarterfinals)
  Thierry Tulasne (second round)
  Martín Jaite (fourth round)
  Guillermo Vilas (quarterfinals)
  Johan Kriek (semifinals)
  Emilio Sánchez (fourth round)
 n/a
  Heinz Günthardt (first round)

Draw

Key
 Q = Qualifier
 WC = Wild card
 LL = Lucky loser
 r = Retired

Finals

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

Section 6

Section 7

Section 8

External links
 Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) – 1986 French Open Men's Singles draw
1986 French Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation

Men's Singles
1986
1986 Grand Prix (tennis)
Etone College

Etone College (formerly Etone Community School and Technology College) is a secondary academy school in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England. It was founded in 1910 as the Nuneaton High School for Girls, and is now a mixed school.

History

Nuneaton High School for Girls was founded in 1910 with the strong support of the Director of Education Bolton King. The founding head was (later Dame) Emmeline Mary Tanner who would go on to shape the 1944 Education Act.

The school was the grammar school for girls passing the eleven plus exam. However, after the abolition of the tripartite system, the school became mixed sex and changed its name to 'Etone Community School'. In 2002, the school was granted Technology College status under the specialist schools programme. In 2006, the school established a loose federation with another local school, Hartshill School to share resources and expertise. It also gained specialist Language and Vocational College status in 2006 and 2007 respectively. On 1 January 2012 the school officially gained academy status

In March 2015 the school came out 15 months of "special measures" after achieving a rating of "good" by Ofsted, and now is seen as one of the best schools in the Nuneaton and Warwickshire area.

Etone College has four houses and they have different tie colours. Griffin house have a gold tie, Phoenix house have a red tie, Dragon house have a purple house and Centaur house have a blue tie.

Radio 1
In early 2007, the school was paid a visit by Radio 1, as part of its Star Pupil feature. Presenter Edith Bowman broadcast live from the school and introduced pop singers Paolo Nutini and Jamelia performing live in the school's main hall.

Notable former pupils

Etone Community School

Etone College
 Saffiya Vorajee , Co-Director of The Azaylia Foundation opened in 2021.

Nuneaton High School for Girls
 Dame Janet Gaymer, Commissioner for Public Appointments for England, Wales and Northern ireland from 2006–10
 Caroline Graham, playwright, whose 1988 Inspector Barnaby books became ITV's Midsomer Murders in 1997
 Prof Rebecca Posner, Professor of the Romance Languages from 1978-96 at the University of Oxford (St Hugh's College), President from 1996-2000 of the Philological Society

References

External links
 Etone Website
 Ofsted Report

Academies in Warwickshire
Secondary schools in Warwickshire
Nuneaton
Beaucarnea

Beaucarnea is a genus of flowering plants native to Mexico and Central America. In the APG III classification system, it is placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Nolinoideae (formerly the family Ruscaceae). Beaucarnea is sometimes treated as a synonym of the genus Nolina, with the species being then transferred to that genus. However, recent research shows that Beaucarnea should be treated as an independent genus.

The species are small tropical xerophytic trees growing to 6–10 m tall, with a trunk 20–40 cm diameter with a flared base; young plants are single-stemmed, branching only after flowering. The leaves are evergreen, linear, strap-shaped, 0.5-1.8 m long and 1.5–2 cm broad, leathery in texture, with a finely serrated margin. The flowers are produced only on old trees, forming on large panicles 75–110 cm long, the individual flowers numerous but very small (1.5 mm diameter), greenish-white, with six tepals.

Species
Plants of the World Online accepts the following species:

References

The Beaucarnea-Calibanus Page of the National University of Mexico: photographs of the species in the wild
Germplasm Resources Information Network: Beaucarnea
New York Botanic Garden: Beaucarnea pliabilis

Asparagaceae genera
Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom (disambiguation)

Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom or Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom may refer to:
 Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom, the primary worship service in the Byzantine Rite.

It may refer also to choral compositions that set the liturgical text:
 Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom (Tchaikovsky), Op. 41, composed by Pyotr Tchaikovsky in 1880.
 Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom (Mokranjac), composed by Stevan Mokranjac in 1895.
 Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom (Rachmaninoff), Op. 31, composed by Sergei Rachmaninoff in 1910.
 Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom (Leontovych) musical setting composed by Mykola Leontovych in 1919.
Pisky, Chernihiv Oblast

Pisky () is a selo  of Nizhyn Raion in Chernihiv Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. It belongs to Bobrovytsia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. 

The name in Ukrainian can be interpreted literally as "the Sands". The village is famous for being the location where one of the most influential Ukrainian poets of the 1920s, Pavlo Tychyna, was born.

Until 18 July 2020, Pisky belonged to Bobrovytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernihiv Oblast to five. The area of Bobrovytsia Raion was merged into Nizhyn Raion.

References

External links
 

Villages in Nizhyn Raion