alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Binary

Binary may refer to:

Science and technology

Mathematics 
 Binary number, a representation of numbers using only two digits (0 and 1)
 Binary function, a function that takes two arguments
 Binary operation, a mathematical operation that takes two arguments
 Binary relation, a relation involving two elements
 Binary-coded decimal, a method for encoding for decimal digits in binary sequences
 Finger binary, a system for counting in binary numbers on the fingers of human hands

Computing 
 Binary code, the digital representation of text and data
 Bit, or binary digit, the basic unit of information in computers
 Binary file, composed of something other than human-readable text
 Executable, a type of binary file that contains machine code for the computer to execute
 Binary tree, a computer tree data structure in which each node has at most two children

Astronomy 
 Binary star, a star system with two stars in it
 Binary planet, two planetary bodies of comparable mass orbiting each other
 Binary asteroid, two asteroids orbiting each other

Biology 
 Binary fission, the splitting of a single-celled organism into two daughter cells

Chemistry 
 Binary phase, a chemical compound containing two different chemical elements

Arts and entertainment 
 Binary (comics), a superheroine in the Marvel Universe
 Binary (Doctor Who audio)

Music 
 Binary form, a way of structuring a piece of music
 Binary (Ani DiFranco album), 2017
 Binary (Kay Tse album), 2008
 "Binary" (song), a 2007 single by Assemblage 23

Novel 
 Binary (novel), a 1972 novel by Michael Crichton (writing as John Lange)
 Binary, an evil organization in the novel InterWorld

Other uses 
 Binary opposition, polar opposites, often ignoring the middle ground
 Gender binary, the classification of sex and gender into two distinct and disconnected forms of masculine and feminine

See also 
 Binary logic (disambiguation)
 Binomial (disambiguation)
 Boolean (disambiguation)
 Secondary (disambiguation)
 Ternary (disambiguation)
 Unary (disambiguation)
Blowfish (disambiguation)

Blowfish are species of fish in the family Tetraodontidae.

Blowfish may also refer to:

 Porcupinefish, belonging to the family Diodontidae
 Blowfish (cipher), an encryption algorithm
 Blowfish (company), an American erotic goods supplier
 The Blowfish, a satirical newspaper at Brandeis University
 Lexington County Blowfish, a baseball team
 Vice President Blowfish, a character in the animated series Adventure Time episode "President Porpoise Is Missing!"

See also
 Hootie & the Blowfish, an American rock band
Bedrock Records

Bedrock Records is an English record label for trance, progressive house and techno started by John Digweed. Its name comes from a long running and successful club night held in Hastings and also at Heaven nightclub, London - both also called Bedrock. Bedrock Records has released many singles from artists such as Astro & Glyde, Brancaccio & Aisher, Steve Lawler, Shmuel Flash, Steve Porter, Sahar Z, Guy J, Henry Saiz, Stelios Vassiloudis, Electric Rescue, The Japanese Popstars and Jerry Bonham.  Bedrock is also the name that Digweed and Muir use as their production moniker.

Bedrock has had different imprints: Bedrock Breaks, B_Rock and Black (Bedrock). Currently it has Bedrock Digital and one called Lost & Found belonging to Guy J.

The first Bedrock album compiled and mixed by John Digweed was released in 1999, containing several tracks signed to the Bedrock label. 

In 2018, Digweed marked the 20th anniversary of the label with the release of Bedrock XX.

See also 
 List of electronic music record labels

References

External links
Official site

Record labels established in 1999
1999 establishments in the United Kingdom
British record labels
Trance record labels
House music record labels
Techno record labels
British

British may refer to:

Peoples, culture, and language
 British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
 British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture
 British English, the English language as spoken and written in the United Kingdom or, more broadly, throughout the British Isles
 Celtic Britons, an ancient ethno-linguistic group
 Brittonic languages, a branch of the Insular Celtic language family (formerly called British)
 Common Brittonic, an ancient language

Other uses
Brit(ish), a 2018 memoir by Afua Hirsch
People or things associated with:
 Great Britain, an island
 United Kingdom, a sovereign state 
 Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800)
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)

See also
 Terminology of the British Isles
 Alternative names for the British
 English (disambiguation)
 Britannic (disambiguation)
 British Isles
 Brit (disambiguation)
 Briton (disambiguation)
 Britain (disambiguation)
 Great Britain (disambiguation)
 British Empire
 United Kingdom (disambiguation)
Billion (disambiguation)

Billion is a name for a large number. It may refer specifically to:

 1,000,000,000 (, one thousand million), the short scale definition
 1,000,000,000,000 (, one million million), the long scale definition

Billion may also refer to:

Film and TV
 Billions (TV series), a Showtime series
 Billions (film), a 1920 silent comedy
 Mr. Billion, a 1977 film by Jonathan Kaplan

Music
 "Billions" a 2023 song by Caroline Polachek, from the album Desire, I Want to Turn Into You
 "Billions", a 2017 song by Russell Dickerson, from the album Yours
 "Billion", a 1996 song by Cardiacs, from the album Sing to God

Other
 Billion (company), a Taiwanese modem manufacturer
 Jack Billion (1939–2023), American politician

See also
 Long and short scales
 Names of large numbers
 Billion laughs, an XML parser vulnerability
 Golden billion, a Russian term for the wealthy people of the developed world
 Billon (disambiguation)
 BN (disambiguation)
Bar Kokhba (album)

Bar Kokhba is a double album by John Zorn, recorded between 1994 and 1996. It features music from Zorn's Masada project, rearranged for small ensembles. It also features the original soundtrack from The Art of Remembrance – Simon Wiesenthal, a film by Hannah Heer and Werner Schmiedel (1994–95).

Reception 
The AllMusic review by Marc Gilman noted: "While some compositions retain their original structure and sound, some are expanded and probed by Zorn's arrangements, and resemble avant-garde classical music more than jazz. But this is the beauty of the album; the ensembles provide a forum for Zorn to expand his compositions. The album consistently impresses."

Track listing 
All compositions by John Zorn
Disc One
 "Gevurah" – 6:55
 "Nezikin" – 1:51
 "Mahshav" – 4:33
 "Rokhev" – 3:10
 "Abidan" – 5:19
 "Sheloshim" – 5:03
 "Hath-Arob" – 2:25
 "Paran" – 4:48
 "Mahlah" – 7:48
 "Socoh" – 4:07
 "Yechida" – 8:24
 "Bikkurim" – 3:25
 "Idalah-Abal" – 5:04
Disc Two
 "Tannaim" – 4:38
 "Nefesh" – 3:33
 "Abidan" – 3:13
 "Mo'ed" – 4:59
 "Maskil" – 4:41
 "Mishpatim" – 6:46
 "Sansanah" – 6:56
 "Shear-Jashub" – 2:06
 "Mahshav" – 4:50
 "Sheloshim" – 6:45
 "Mochin" – 13:11
 "Karaim" – 3:39
Recorded at Baby Monster Studios, New York City in August 1994, December 1995 and March 1996

Personnel 
 John Zorn – Producer
 Mark Feldman (2,4,6,10,12,14,16,20,21,25) – violin
 Erik Friedlander (2,4,6,10,12,14,16,21,25) – cello
 Greg Cohen (2,4,6,9,10,12,14,16,18,21,25) – bass
 Marc Ribot (9,18,24) – guitar
 Anthony Coleman (1,3,11,17,19) – piano
 David Krakauer (3,8) – clarinets
 John Medeski (5,7,8,13,15,17,20,22,23) – organ, piano
 Mark Dresser (1,15,19) – bass
 Kenny Wollesen (1,2,15,19,23) – drums
 Chris Speed (5,13,20,23) – clarinet
 Dave Douglas (23) – trumpet

References 

1996 albums
Tzadik Records albums
Albums produced by John Zorn
Bar Kokhba albums
Jewish music albums
Black Flag

Black Flag or black flag may refer to:

Flags

 The Black Standard, a legendary flag in Islamic tradition
 The Anarchist black flag
 The Jolly Roger, flag associated with piracy
 The Pan-African flag, a trans-national unity symbol
 Black flag (racing)

Arts, entertainment, and media
 Black Flag (band), an American hardcore punk band
 Black Flag (Ektomorf album), a 2012 album by Ektomorf
 Black Flag (Machine Gun Kelly mixtape), 2013
 "Black Flag" (song), a 1992 song by King's X
 Black Flag (newspaper), a publication in Britain
 Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag, 2013 videogame by Ubisoft
 Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS, a 2015 Pulitzer prize-winning book by Joby Warrick

Places
 Black Flag, Western Australia, an abandoned town named after the Black Flag gold mine and farm

Other uses
 Ali Charaf Damache, a terror suspect with the nom de guerre "the Black Flag"
 Black Flag (insecticide)
 Black Flag Army, a militia in Vietnam and southern China, 1860s-1885
 Chernoe Znamia, a 20th-century Russian anarchist organisation
 Ferraria crispa, a plant also known as black flag
Breidablik

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Breiðablik (sometimes anglicised as Breithablik or Breidablik) is the home of Baldr in Nordic mythology.

Meaning
The word  has been variously translated as 'broad sheen', 'Broad gleam', 'Broad-gleaming' or 'the far-shining one',

Attestations

Grímismál
The Eddic poem Grímnismál describes Breiðablik as the fair home of Baldr:

Gylfaginning
In Snorri Sturluson's Gylfaginning, Breiðablik is described in a list of places in heaven, identified by some scholars as Asgard:

Later in the work, when Snorri describes Baldr, he gives another description, citing Grímnismál, though he does not name the poem:

Interpretation and discussion
The name of Breiðablik has been noted to link with Baldr's attributes of light and beauty.

Similarities have been drawn between the description of Breiðablik in Grímnismál and Heorot in Beowulf, which are both free of 'baleful runes' ( and  respectively). In Beowulf, the lack of  refers to the absence of crimes being committed, and therefore both halls have been proposed to be sanctuaries.

In popular culture

 Breidablik is a sacred weapon in Fire Emblem Heroes that the Summoner uses to summon Heroes coming from different Fire Emblem games.
 In the PlayStation game Xenogears, Bledavik is the name of the capital city of the desert kingdom of Aveh on the Ignas continent.

See also
 Álfheimr, the home of Freyr
 Nóatún, the home of Njörðr
 Þrúðvangr, the home of Thor

Citations

Bibliography

Primary

Secondary

 
 
 

Baldr
Locations in Norse mythology
Bilskirnir

Bilskirnir (Old Norse "lightning-crack") is the hall of the god Thor in Norse mythology. Here he lives with his wife Sif and their children. According to Grímnismál, the hall is the greatest of buildings and contains 540 rooms, located in Asgard, as are all the dwellings of the gods, in the kingdom of Þrúðheimr (or Þrúðvangar according to Gylfaginning and Ynglinga saga).

Modern influence
The hall inspired the name of an Asgard starship commanded by Supreme Commander Thor, in the television series Stargate SG-1 named Beliskner.
There is a NS / pagan black metal  band from Hesse, Germany named Bilskirnir.

Notes

References
Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. 

Locations in Norse mythology
Thor
Barrel (disambiguation)

A barrel is a cylindrical container, traditionally made with wooden material.

Barrel may also refer to:

 BARREL (Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses), a NASA mission
 Barrel (album), a 1970 album by Lee Michaels
 Barrel (horology), a watch component
 Barrel (unit), several units of volume
 Barrel (wine), for fermenting or ageing wine
 Barrel (fastener), a simple hinge consisting of a barrel and a pivot
 Gun barrel
 the venturi of a carburetor
 a component of a clarinet
 a component of a snorkel
 a tank in Harry Turtledove's books; see Victoria: An Empire Under the Sun
 the outside of a low voltage DC connector
 "The Barrel", a song by Aldous Harding from her 2019 album Designer

See also
 Barrel roll (disambiguation)
 
 Barrell, a surname
 Barrow (disambiguation)
 Beryl (disambiguation)
 Keg

sl:Sod
Blade Runner 3: Replicant Night

Blade Runner 3: Replicant Night is a science fiction novel by an American writer K. W. Jeter, first published in 1996. It is a continuation of Jeter's novel Blade Runner 2: The Edge of Human, which was itself a sequel to both the film Blade Runner and the novel upon which the film was based, Philip K. Dick's Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

Plot introduction 
Living on Mars, Deckard is acting as a consultant to a movie crew filming the story of his days as a blade runner. He finds himself drawn into a mission on behalf of the replicants he was once assigned to kill. Meanwhile, the mystery surrounding the beginnings of the Tyrell Corporation is being exposed.

Characters
Rick Deckard, a former bounty hunter, now working as a film consultant
Sarah Tyrell, the niece of Eldon Tyrell; she has been living on Mars since the events of Blade Runner 2
Anson Tyrell, Sarah's father
Ruth Tyrell, Sarah's mother
Rachael, a ten-year-old girl
Roy Batty, the human template for the replicant Deckard fought in the previous novel. That replicant's personality now resides inside Deckard's briefcase.
Sebastien, a dehydrated deity
Urbenton, director of the movie Blade Runner on which Rick Deckard is a consultant
Dave Holden, Deckard's former police partner.

Film adaptation
The plot element of a replicant giving birth served as the basis for the 2017 film Blade Runner 2049.

See also 

 Blade Runner: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? – original story by P K Dick
 Blade Runner 1: A Story of the Future – film novelization by Les Martin
 Blade Runner 2: The Edge of Human – K. W. Jeter
 Blade Runner 4: Eye and Talon – K. W. Jeter

References

1996 novels
Blade Runner (franchise)
1996 science fiction novels
Novels by K. W. Jeter
Novels set on Mars
Novels about androids
Novels based on films
Bantam Spectra books
Bertrand Andrieu

Bertrand Andrieu (24 November 1761 – 6 December 1822) was a French engraver of medals. He was born in Bordeaux. In France, he was considered as the restorer of the art, which had declined after the time of Louis XIV. During the last twenty years of his life, the French government commissioned him to undertake every major work of importance.

References

Sources
 .

External links

 

1761 births
1822 deaths
Artists from Bordeaux
18th-century French engravers
19th-century French engravers
19th-century French male artists
French medallists
18th-century French male artists
Bearing

Bearing(s) may refer to:

 Bearing (angle), a term for direction
 Bearing (mechanical), a component that separates moving parts and takes a load
 Bridge bearing, a component separating a bridge pier and deck
 Bearing BTS Station in Bangkok
 Bearings (album), by Ronnie Montrose in 2000

See also
 Posture (disambiguation)
 Bering (disambiguation)
 Baring (disambiguation)
Branco River

The Branco River (; Engl: White River) is the principal affluent of the Rio Negro from the north.

Basin
The river drains the Guayanan Highlands moist forests ecoregion.
It is enriched by many streams from the Tepui highlands which separate Venezuela and Guyana from Brazil. Its two upper main tributaries are the Uraricoera and the Takutu. The latter almost links its sources with those of the Essequibo; during floods headwaters of the Branco and those of the Essequibo are connected, allowing a level of exchange in the aquatic fauna (such as fish) between the two systems.

The Branco flows nearly south, and finds its way into the Negro through several channels and a chain of lagoons similar to those of the latter river.  It is  long, up to its Uraricoera confluence.  It has numerous islands, and,  above its mouth, it is broken by a bad series of rapids.

Discharge

Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Branco River at near mouth. Period from 1998 to 2022.

Water chemistry
As suggested by its name, the Branco (literally "white" in Portuguese) has whitish water that may appear almost milky due to the inorganic sediments it carries. It is traditionally considered a whitewater river, although the major seasonal fluctuations in its physico-chemical characteristics makes a classification difficult and some consider it clearwater. Especially the river's upper parts at the headwaters are clear and flow through rocky country, leading to the suggestion that sediments mainly originate from the lower parts. Furthermore, its chemistry and color may contradict each other compared to the traditional Amazonian river classifications. The Branco River has pH 6–7 and low levels of dissolved organic carbon.

Alfred Russel Wallace mentioned the coloration in "On the Rio Negro", a paper read at the 13 June 1853 meeting of the Royal Geographical Society, in which he said: "[The Rio Branco] is white to a remarkable degree, its waters being actually milky in appearance". Alexander von Humboldt attributed the color to the presence of silicates in the water, principally mica and talc. There is a visible contrast with the waters of the Rio Negro at the confluence of the two rivers. The Rio Negro is a blackwater river with dark tea-colored acidic water (pH 3.5–4.5) that contains high levels of dissolved organic carbon.

River capture
Until approximately 20,000 years ago the headwaters of the Branco River flowed not into the Amazon, but via the Takutu Graben in the Rupununi area of Guyana towards the Caribbean. Currently in the rainy season much of the Rupununi area floods, with water draining both to the Amazon (via the Branco River) and the Essequibo River.

Citations

Notes

References
 Encyclopædia Britannica Online.com: "Branco River" . retrieved 19 September 2009.

Rivers of Roraima
Tributaries of the Rio Negro (Amazon)
Boa Vista, Roraima
Guayana Highlands
Beeb

Beeb or BEEB may refer to:

 BBC, the British Broadcasting Corporation, sometimes called the Beeb or Auntie Beeb
 BEEB, a BBC children's magazine published in 1985
 BBC Micro, a home computer built for the BBC by Acorn Computers Ltd., nicknamed The Beeb
 Beeb.com or BBC online
 Beeb Birtles (born 1948), Dutch-Australian musician

See also
 Bebe (disambiguation)
 Beebe (disambiguation)
 The Bieb
Bill Schelter

William Frederick Schelter (1947 – July 30, 2001) was a professor of mathematics at The University of Texas at Austin and a Lisp developer and programmer.  Schelter is credited with the development of the GNU Common Lisp (GCL) implementation of Common Lisp and the GPL'd version of the computer algebra system Macsyma called Maxima. Schelter authored Austin Kyoto Common Lisp (AKCL) under contract with IBM. AKCL formed the foundation for Axiom, another computer algebra system. AKCL eventually became GNU Common Lisp. He is also credited with the first port of the GNU C compiler to the Intel 386 architecture, used in the original implementation of the Linux kernel.

Schelter obtained his Ph.D. at McGill University in 1972. His mathematical specialties were noncommutative ring theory and computational algebra and its applications, including automated theorem proving in geometry.

In the summer of 2001, age 54, he died suddenly of a heart attack while traveling in Russia.

References

 S. Chou and W. Schelter. Proving Geometry Theorems with Rewrite Rules Journal of Automated Reasoning, 1986.

External links 

 
 Maxima homepage. Maxima is now available under GPL.

1947 births
2001 deaths
Lisp (programming language) people
20th-century American mathematicians
Computer programmers
University of Texas at Austin faculty
McGill University Faculty of Science alumni
Bulgarian

Bulgarian may refer to:

 Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria
 Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group
 Bulgarian language, a Slavic language
 Bulgarian alphabet
 A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria 
 Bulgarian culture
 Bulgarian cuisine, a representative of the cuisine of Southeastern Europe

See also 
 
 List of Bulgarians, include
 Bulgarian name, names of Bulgarians
 Bulgarian umbrella, an umbrella with a hidden pneumatic mechanism
 Bulgar (disambiguation)
 Bulgarian-Serbian War (disambiguation)

Language and nationality disambiguation pages
Bunsen

Bunsen may refer to:
 Christian Charles Josias Bunsen (1791–1860), Prussian diplomat and scholar
 Frances Bunsen (1791–1876), or Baroness Bunsen, Welsh painter and author, wife of Christian Charles Josias Bunsen
 Robert Bunsen (1811–1899), German chemist, after whom is named:
 Bunsen burner
 Bunsen cell
 Bunsen crater on the Moon
 10361 Bunsen, an asteroid
 Bunsen Reaction
 The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award, a German award for spectroscopy
 Sir Maurice de Bunsen (1852–1932), British diplomat
 Dr. Bunsen Honeydew, fictional character from the Muppet Show

Low German surnames
Barbara Olson

Barbara Kay Olson (née Bracher; December 27, 1955September 11, 2001) was an American lawyer and conservative television commentator who worked for CNN, Fox News Channel, and several other outlets. She was a passenger on American Airlines Flight 77 en route to a taping of Bill Maher's television show Politically Incorrect when it was flown into the Pentagon in the September 11 attacks.

Early life
Olson was born Barbara Kay Bracher in Houston, Texas, on December 27, 1955. Her older sister, Toni Bracher-Lawrence, was a member of the Houston City Council from 2004 to 2010. She graduated from Waltrip High School.

Personal life
She married Theodore Olson in 1996, becoming his third wife.

Olson was a frequent critic of the Bill Clinton administration and wrote a book about then First Lady Hillary Clinton, Hell to Pay: The Unfolding Story of Hillary Rodham Clinton (1999). Olson's second book, The Final Days: The Last, Desperate Abuses of Power by the Clinton White House was published posthumously.

Death and legacy

Olson was a passenger on American Airlines Flight 77, on her way to a taping of Politically Incorrect in Los Angeles, when it was flown into the Pentagon in the September 11 attacks.

Her original plan had been to fly to California on September 10, but she waited until the next day so that she could wake up with her husband on his birthday, September 11. At the National September 11 Memorial, Olson's name is located on Panel S-70 of the South Pool, along with those of other passengers of Flight 77.

Three months after the attacks, Olson's remains were identified. She was buried at her family's retreat in Wisconsin.

In popular culture 
Canadian actress Marsha Mason portrayed Barbara Olson in the Canadian TV series Mayday Season 16: Episode 2 (2016) called "9/11: The Pentagon Attack".

Books

References

External links

 
 
 
 Wife of Solicitor General alerted him of hijacking from plane
 Barbara Olson Mourned at Arlington Service
 Barbara Olson: A Sparkling Celebrity 'Full of Energy' Newsday.com-Victims Search
 Alfred S. Regnery (September 17, 2001). "Barbara Olson, RIP". Human Events/BNet Research Center.

1955 births
2001 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American women lawyers
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American lawyers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American women lawyers
21st-century American women writers
American Airlines Flight 77 victims
American political commentators
American political writers
American women television personalities
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law alumni
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
Lawyers from Houston
People murdered in Virginia
Terrorism deaths in Virginia
University of St. Thomas (Texas) alumni
Washington, D.C., Republicans
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr associates
Television personalities from Texas
Yeshiva University alumni
British Open (disambiguation)

The British Open is the Open Championship men's golf tournament.

British Open may also refer to:
 British Open (ballroom), the dancing competitions of the Blackpool Dance Festival
 British Open (darts), a darts tournament
 Women's British Open of golf
 British Open Show Jumping Championships
 British Open (snooker), an annual tournament which was originally run from 1980 until 2004 before it was revived in 2021.
 British Open Squash Championships
 British Open (tennis) or Wimbledon Championships (informally known as The Championships, Wimbledon)
 British Open Wheelchair Championships, a wheelchair tennis tournament that Nimrod Bichler has coached some participants of
Biconditional introduction

In propositional logic, biconditional introduction is a valid rule of inference. It allows for one to infer a biconditional from two conditional statements. The rule makes it possible to introduce a biconditional statement into a logical proof. If  is true, and if  is true, then one may infer that  is true. For example, from the statements "if I'm breathing, then I'm alive" and "if I'm alive, then I'm breathing", it can be inferred that "I'm breathing if and only if I'm alive". Biconditional introduction is the converse of biconditional elimination. The rule can be stated formally as:

where the rule is that wherever instances of "" and "" appear on lines of a proof, "" can validly be placed on a subsequent line.

Formal notation 
The biconditional introduction rule may be written in sequent notation:

where  is a metalogical symbol meaning that  is a syntactic consequence when  and  are both in a proof;

or as the statement of a truth-functional tautology or theorem of propositional logic:

where , and  are propositions expressed in some formal system.

References

Rules of inference
Theorems in propositional logic
Biconditional elimination

Biconditional elimination is the name of two valid rules of inference of propositional logic. It allows for one to infer a conditional from a biconditional. If  is true, then one may infer that  is true, and also that  is true. For example, if it's true that I'm breathing if and only if I'm alive, then it's true that if I'm breathing, I'm alive; likewise, it's true that if I'm alive, I'm breathing. The rules can be stated formally as:

and

where the rule is that wherever an instance of "" appears on a line of a proof, either "" or "" can be placed on a subsequent line;

Formal notation 
The biconditional elimination rule may be written in sequent notation:

and

where  is a metalogical symbol meaning that , in the first case, and  in the other are syntactic consequences of  in some logical system;

or as the statement of a truth-functional tautology or theorem of propositional logic:

where , and  are propositions expressed in some formal system.

See also
 Logical biconditional

References

Rules of inference
Theorems in propositional logic
Brittonic

Brittonic or Brythonic may refer to:

Common Brittonic, or Brythonic, the Celtic language anciently spoken in Great Britain
Brittonic languages, a branch of the Celtic languages descended from Common Brittonic
Britons (Celtic people), or Celtic Britons, the Celtic people of Great Britain in ancient times

Language and nationality disambiguation pages
Bavarian

Bavarian is the adjective form of the German state of Bavaria, and refers to people of ancestry from Bavaria.

Bavarian may also refer to:
 Bavarii, a Germanic tribe
 Bavarians, a nation and ethnographic group of Germans
 Bavarian, Iran, a village in Fars Province
 Bavarian language, a West Germanic language

See also 
 
 Bavaria (disambiguation)

Language and nationality disambiguation pages
Browser

Browse, browser or browsing may refer to:

Programs
Web browser, a program used to access the World Wide Web
Code browser, a program for navigating source code
File browser or file manager, a program used to manage files and related objects
Hardware browser, a program for displaying networked hardware devices
Image browser or image viewer, a program that can display stored graphical images
Browser service, a feature of Microsoft Windows to browse shared network resources

Other
Browsing, a kind of orienting strategy in animals and human beings
Browsing (herbivory), a type of feeding behavior in herbivores
Browse Island, Australia
Browse LNG, Australian liquefied natural gas plant project
Browser (cat), a Texan library cat
Bitter

Bitter may refer to:

Common uses
 Resentment, negative emotion or attitude, similar to being jaded, cynical or otherwise negatively affected by experience
 Bitter (taste), one of the five basic tastes

Books 
 Bitter (novel), a 2022 novel by Akwaeke Emezi.

Food and drink
 Bitter (beer), a British term for pale ale
 Bitters, an herbal preparation now used mostly in cocktails

Music

Albums
 Bitter (Jupiter Apple album), 2007
 Bitter (Meshell Ndegeocello album), 1999

Songs
 "Bitter" (Fletcher song) (2020)
 "Bitter", by Lit from Tripping the Light Fantastic, 1997
 "Bitter", by Reks from More Grey Hairs
 "Bitter", by Remy Zero from The Golden Hum
 "Bitter", by Freya Ridings from Blood Orange, 2023
 "Bitter", by Shihad
 "Bitter", by Jill Sobule from Happy Town, 1997
 "Bitter", by The Vamps from Cherry Blossom

Other uses
 Bitter (surname) (including a list of persons with the name)
 Bitter Cars, a German car company

See also
 Bitter end (disambiguation)
 Bitterlich (disambiguation)
 Bittern (disambiguation)
 The Bitter End (disambiguation)
Benz

Benz, an old Germanic clan name dating to the fifth century (related to "bear", "war banner", "gau", or a "land by a waterway") also used in German () as an alternative for names such as Berthold, Bernhard, or Benedict, may refer to:

People

Surname
 Amy Benz (born 1962), American golfer
 Bertha Benz (1849–1944), German marketing entrepreneur who was the first to drive an automobile for a long distance, wife of Carl Benz
 Carl Benz (1844–1929), German engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur who built the first patented automobile
 Derek Benz (born 1971), American author of fantasy fiction for children
 Edward J. Benz, Jr., professor of genetics
 Joe Benz (1886–1957), American Major League Baseball pitcher
 Joseph Benz (born 1944), Swiss former bobsledder, Olympic and world champion
 Julie Benz (born 1972), American actress
 Kafi Benz (born 1941), American author, artist, and environmental and historic preservationist
 Larry Benz (born 1941), American former National Football League player
 Laura Benz (born 1992), Swiss ice hockey player
 Maria Benz (1906–1946), birth name of Nusch Éluard, German-born model who married Paul Éluard
 Mathilde Benz (1901–1977), birth name of Lee Parry, German actress
 Paul Benz (born 1986), Australian Paralympic athlete
 Richard Benz (1884–1966), German historian and writer
 Roland Benz (born 1943), German biophysicist
 Sara Benz (born 1992), Swiss ice hockey player
 Walter Benz (1931–2017), German mathematician known for his work on geometric planes 
 Wolfgang Benz (born 1941), German historian

Ring or stage name
 Nicky Benz (born 1980), ring name of Nick Berk, American wrestler
 Nikki Benz (born 1981), stage name of Alla Montchak, Canadian pornographic actress and director
 Spragga Benz (born 1969), stage name of Carlton Grant, Jamaican deejay and musician

Places 
 Benz (Usedom), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, a municipality
 Benz, Nordwestmecklenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, a municipality
 Benice, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (Benz in German), Poland, a village
 Benz Pass, Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica

Mathematics and science
 Benz (unit), a proposed unit of velocity
 Benz, an abbreviated form of Benzo, a functional group in chemistry
 Benz plane, in geometry

Other uses
 Benz & Cie., a manufacturer of steam engines co-founded by Carl Benz in 1883
 Benz (group), a British band
 Benz series, a series of paintings and drawings created by Lyonel Feininger

See also
 Benzz, the "Calabria" sampling West London drill rapper known for "Je M'appelle"
 Bendz, a surname
 Bentz, a surname
Bob Diamond

Bobby or Bob Diamond may refer to:

Bob Diamond (actor) (1943–2019), American actor and lawyer a/k/a Bobby Diamond and Robert Diamond
Bob Diamond (banker) (born 1951), Anglo-American business executive

Characters
Bob Diamond (comics), Marvel Comics character since 1974
Bob Diamond, played by Rip Torn in 1991 American film Defending Your Life

See also
Bobby Dimond (1930–2020), Australian rugby league footballer
Brooklyn Historic Railway Association

The Brooklyn Historic Railway Association (BHRA) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization with a shop, trolley barn and offices located in Red Hook, Brooklyn, New York, on the historic Beard Street Piers (c. 1870). BHRA had a fleet of 16 trolleys (15 PCC trolleys and a leased 1897 trolley car from the Oslo Trams, in Oslo, Norway).

History of project 
The BHRA's origin began with the rediscovery of the Cobble Hill Tunnel by the late Bob Diamond in 1980. BHRA was formed in 1982 to restore the historic tunnel. The Atlantic Avenue Tunnel (constructed in 1844) is the world's oldest subway tunnel. BHRA successfully filed and received designation for the tunnel on the National Register of Historic Places.

The BHRA received funding and permission from the city to construct a light rail route in Red Hook. However, the project was hampered due to the New York City Department of Transportation (DOT) withdrawing its support from the project. The DOT identified several potential improvements which did not include a streetcar however, that would improve access and mobility for neighborhood residents. Construction was stopped on a 7-block extension to the line due to the removal and scrapping of rails, ties, and other items of railroad equipment by the DOT, which were stored on land that was slated for the Fairway supermarket project.

On June 30, 2003, BHRA was ordered to remove and fill in all trolley tracks on public streets by the DOT.  The DOT revoked consent for the project to proceed or exist on city streets.  Shortly thereafter, BHRA completely ceased operation. All the PCC trolleys except for No. 3303 were removed from Brooklyn.
 
The BHRA ran organized tours of the Cobble Hill Tunnel from time to time, but all tours are currently suspended.

Bob Diamond died on 21 August 2021, with his death confirmed by articles in the NY Times, NY Dailey News and The Brooklyn Eagle newspapers.

See also
 Cobble Hill Tunnel
 Brooklyn–Queens Connector

References

External links

Forgotten New York

Streetcar lines in Brooklyn
Bob Frankston

Robert M. Frankston (born June 14, 1949) is an American software engineer and businessman who co-created, with Dan Bricklin, the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. Frankston is also the co-founder of Software Arts.

Early life and education
Frankston was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. He graduated from Stuyvesant High School in New York City in 1966. He earned a S.B degree in computer science and mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, followed by a Master of Engineering degree in computer science, also from MIT.

Career
Following his work with Dan Bricklin, Frankston later worked at Lotus Development Corporation and Microsoft.

Frankston became an outspoken advocate for reducing the role of telecommunications companies in the evolution of the Internet, particularly with respect to broadband and mobile communications. He coined the term "Regulatorium" to describe what he considers collusion between telecommunication companies and their regulators that prevents change.

Awards and recognition 

Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (1994) "for the invention of VisiCalc, a new metaphor for data manipulation that galvanized the personal computing industry"
 MIT William L. Stewart Award for co-founding the M.I.T. Student Information Processing Board (SIPB).
 The Association for Computing Machinery Software System Award (1985)
 The MIT LCS Industrial Achievement Award
 The Washington Award (2001) from the Western Society of Engineers (with Bricklin)
 In 2004, he was made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for advancing the utility of personal computers by developing the VisiCalc electronic spreadsheet."

References

External links

Bob Frankston's site/blog
Biographical article from Smart Computing

Stuyvesant High School alumni
1949 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Brooklyn
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
People from Arlington, Massachusetts
Galjoen

The galjoen, black bream, or blackfish (Dichistius capensis) is a species of marine fish found only along the  coast of South Africa.  
Galjoen is the national fish of South Africa.

Distribution and habitat

The galjoen is indigenous to the coasts of southern Africa from Angola to South Africa, and is generally found around reefs at shallow depths around , often near the shore.

Description
This species can reach  in total length and a weight of . The body is compressed, and the fins are well developed, with prominent spines,  10 of them, with between 18 and 23 rays. The anal fin has three spines, and usually 13 or 14 rays, the pelvic fins have 1 spine and 5 rays, and the pectoral fins are typically shorter than the head. The body, fins, and head, with the except of the front of the snout, are covered in scales. The lips are thick, with strong curved incisors at the front of the mouth, with smaller teeth behind the front incisors.

Ecology

Diet
The species usually feeds on red and coraline seaweed and red bait, small mussels and barnacles found off rocky shores, and appear in particular to be a partial to the white mussels residing in the sandy beaches and inlets of the rocky outcrops along the southern coast.

Home area
In 2005, the movements of the species were extensively studied. Some 25,000 galjoen were tagged at four sites in reserves in South Africa and their overall movement was found to remain localised, with some 95% of fish studied seeming to indicate a particular area.

Importance to humans

Fishing
It is important to local commercial fisheries and is also popular as a game fish.

As food
Due to their abundance in the shores off South Africa, galjoen is common in South African cuisine. A notable dish is the fish is sprinkled with pepper and lemon, or with lemon, mayonnaise, and melted garlic butter, and served with fresh bread and apricot jam.

As the national fish of South Africa
Galjoen is the national fish of South Africa.  The suggestion to make it the national fish came from Margaret Smith, the wife of ichthyologist J. L. B. Smith, to find a marine equivalent to the springbok.

Etymology
The scientific name of Coracinus capensis is a reference to its black colour when found in rocky areas, Coracinus meaning "raven" or "black coloured"; in sandy areas it gives off a silver-bronze colour.

References

Dichistiidae
National symbols of South Africa
Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
Fish described in 1831
BCE (disambiguation)

BCE is an abbreviation meaning Before Common Era, an alternative to the use of BC.

BCE, B.C.E. or bce may also refer to:
 Bachelor of Civil Engineering
 Banco Central del Ecuador
 Basic Chess Endings, a book by Reuben Fine
 BCE Inc., formerly Bell Canada Enterprises
 BCE Place, Toronto, Canada, later Brookfield Place
 Bracknell railway station, Berkshire, UK, code
 Bhagalpur College of Engineering
 Entity-control-boundary, an architectural pattern used in software design

See also
BC

BC most often refers to:

 Before Christ, a calendar era based on the traditionally reckoned year of the birth of Jesus of Nazareth
 British Columbia, the westernmost province of Canada
 Baja California, a state of Mexico

BC may also refer to:

Arts and entertainment 
 "B.C.", a song by Sparks from the 1974 album Propaganda
 B.C. (comic strip) by Johnny Hart, and one of its characters
 BC (video game) by Lionhead Studios
 BC The Archaeology of the Bible Lands, a BBC television series
 Bullet Club, a professional wrestling stable

Businesses and organizations 
 Basilian Chouerite Order of Saint John the Baptist, an order of the Greek Catholic Church
 BC Card, a Korean credit card company
 Bella Center, a conference center in Copenhagen, Denmark
 Brasseries du Cameroun, a brewery in Cameroon (also known as SABC)
 Brunswick Corporation (NYSE ticker symbol BC)

Education

United States 
 Bakersfield College, a college in Bakersfield, California
 Bellevue College, a college in Bellevue, Washington
 Benedictine College, a college in Atchison, Kansas
 Benedictine Military School, a high school in Savannah, Georgia
 Bergen Catholic High School, a high school in Oradell, New Jersey
 Boston College, a university in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
 Boston College Eagles, its athletic teams
 Brazosport College, a college in Lake Jackson, Texas
 Broward College, a college in Fort Lauderdale, Florida

Worldwide 
 Baccalaureus or bc, a Bachelor's degree in the Netherlands
 Baghdad College, a high school in Baghdad, Iraq
 British Council

Science and technology 
 Backcrossing, a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents, or a genetically similar individual
 Backward compatibility, the ability of new software to work similarly to its predecessor
 Ballistic coefficient, a measure of air drag on a projectile
 Base curve radius, a parameter of a contact lens
 Battle command, a military discipline
 Bayonet cap, a standard light bulb connection
 bc (programming language), an arbitrary-precision calculator language
 Black carbon, a carbonaceous component of soot
 Bliss bibliographic classification, a library cataloguing system
 × Brassocattleya or Bc., an orchid genus
 Buoyancy compensator (diving), a piece of scuba diving equipment

Transportation 
 NZR BC class, a type of steam locomotive
 Skymark Airlines (IATA airline code BC)

Other uses 
 Bullcrap, a phrase denoting something worthless
 "B.C.", nickname of Burr Chamberlain (1877–1933), American football player and coach
 Baguio, a city in the Philippines, locally abbreviated as "B.C."
 BC Powder, a brand of pain reliever
 BookCrossing, a website that encourages leaving books in public places to be found by others

See also 
 BC Cygni, a red supergiant star that is one of the largest stars
 Belaruskaja Čyhunka (BCh), the national railway company of Belarus
 Blind carbon copy (Bcc:), the practice of sending an e-mail to multiple recipients without disclosing the complete list of recipients
Benchmark

Benchmark may refer to:

Business and economics
 Benchmarking, evaluating performance within organizations
 Benchmark price
 Benchmark (crude oil), oil-specific practices

Science and technology
 Benchmark (surveying), a point of known elevation marked for the purpose of surveying
 Benchmarking (geolocating), an activity involving finding benchmarks
 Benchmark (computing), the result of running a computer program to assess performance
 Benchmark, a best-performing, or gold standard test in medicine and statistics

Companies
 Benchmark Electronics, an electronics manufacturer
 Benchmark (venture capital firm), a venture capital firm
 Benchmark Recordings, a music label with CDs by the Fabulous Thunderbirds and Mike Bloomfield

Other uses
 Benchmarking (journal), a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal relating to the field of quality management
 McAfee's Benchmark, a brand of bourbon
 Benchmark (game show), on UK Channel 4

See also
 Specification (technical standard)
Backbone cabal

The backbone cabal was an informal organization of large-site news server administrators of the worldwide distributed newsgroup-based discussion system Usenet. It existed from about 1983 at least into the 2000s.

The cabal was created in an effort to facilitate reliable propagation of new Usenet posts. While in the 1970s and 1980s many news servers only operated during night time to save on the cost of long-distance communication, servers of the backbone cabal were available 24 hours a day. The administrators of these servers gained sufficient influence in the otherwise anarchic Usenet community to be able to push through controversial changes, for instance the Great Renaming of Usenet newsgroups during 1987.

History 
Mary Ann Horton recruited membership in and designed the original physical topology of the Usenet Backbone in 1983. Gene "Spaf" Spafford then created an email list of the backbone administrators, plus a few influential posters. This list became known as the Backbone Cabal and served as a "political (i.e. decision making) backbone". Other prominent members of the cabal were Brian Reid, Bob Allisat, Chuq von Rospach and Rick Adams.

In internet culture 
During most of its existence, the cabal (sometimes capitalized) steadfastly denied its own existence; those involved would often respond "There is no Cabal" (sometimes abbreviated as "TINC"').

The result of this policy was an aura of mystery, even a decade after the cabal mailing list disbanded in late 1988 following an internal fight.

References

Further reading
 Henry Edward Hardy, 1993. The Usenet System, ITCA Teleconferencing Yearbook 1993, ITCA Research Committee, International Teleconferencing Association, Washington, DC. pp 140–151, esp. subheading "The Great Renaming" and "The Breaking of the Backbone Cartel".

External links
 Cabal Conspiracy FAQ (archived May 2013)
 Lumber Cartel
 The Eric Conspiracy

  This article incorporates text from the corresponding entry in the Jargon File, which is in the public domain according to its Introduction.

Usenet
Internet memes
1980s in Internet culture
Brabant

Brabant is a traditional geographical region (or regions) in the Low Countries of Europe. It may refer to:

Place names in Europe

Belgium
 Province of Brabant, which in 1995 was split up into two provinces and an autonomous region:
 Flemish Brabant, in the Flanders region
 Walloon Brabant, in the Wallonia region
 Brussels-Capital Region
 Klein-Brabant, the municipalities Bornem, Puurs and Sint-Amands in the Antwerp province of Flanders region
 East Brabant, or Hageland, an area east of Brussels between the cities of Leuven, Aarschot, Diest and Tienen

Netherlands
 North Brabant province

France
 Brabant-en-Argonne, commune in the Meuse department
 Brabant-le-Roi, commune in the Meuse department
 Brabant-lès-Villers (1973–1982), former commune, amalgamation of Brabant-le-Roi and Villers-aux-Vents

Geology
 London-Brabant Massif, a geological structure stretching from England to northern Germany

Historical use
 Pagus of Brabant, the original, early medieval territory, divided between several counts, core of the later Landgraviate
 Landgraviate of Brabant (1085–1183), an expansive medieval lordship including Brussels, core of the later Duchy
 Duchy of Brabant, a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire from 1183 until the French Revolution, by which time the northern half was lost to the Dutch Republic
 Staats-Brabant, a territory of the Dutch Republic directly governed by the States-General from 1588 until the French Revolution
 Département of Brabant, a département under various forms of French control, formed from an earlier French Département of the Dommel, and predecessor of modern North Brabant.
 Province of Brabant (called South Brabant, 1815–1830), part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, based on earlier French département of the Dyle, became part of Belgium in 1830, now divided into three parts (see above)

Royalty and nobility
 House of Brabant descended from the Reginarid family of Lotharingia
 Duke of Brabant, a dynastic title of the modern Belgian royal family

Place names outside Europe
 Brabant Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada
 Port Brabant, former name of Tuktoyaktuk, Canada
 Brabant, West Virginia, United States
 Le Morne Brabant, a mountain on Mauritius
 Brabant Island, Antarctica

Other uses
 Brabant (or Brabançon), other names for the Belgian Draught, a Belgian breed of horse
 Brabantian, a dialect that formed the basis of the Dutch language
 Brabançonne (or "the Brabantian"), the national anthem of Belgium
 Brabant killers, a 1980s terrorist group
 HNLMS Noord-Brabant ('North Brabant'), several ships of the Dutch navy
 Brabant Company, precursor of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)
 Brabant (train), a Paris-Brussels express train 1963–1995
 Brabant (cruise ship), operated by Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines