alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Jean-Baptiste Édouard Bornet

Jean-Baptiste Édouard Bornet (September 2, 1828, Guérigny – December 18, 1911, Paris) was a French botanist.

Life
Bornet studied medicine in Paris, and in 1886 became a member of the French Académie des sciences. With Gustave Thuret, he was co-author of Notes algologiques (1876-1880) and the Études phycologiques (1878), both works being published after Thuret's death in 1875. He helped establish the nature of lichens and was the first to find the reproductive process of red algae. In the field of lichenology, he wrote Recherches sur les gonidies des lichens (1873). With Charles Flahault, he published on Nostocaceae: Revision des Nostocacées héterocystées (1886–88).

Awards and honours
In 1877, botanist Munier-Chalmas published Bornetella is a genus of green algae in the family Dasycladaceae and named in Jean-Baptiste Édouard Bornet's honor.

Bornet was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1888.

He was awarded the Linnean Medal in 1891.

He was admitted as a Foreign Member to the United Kingdom's Royal Society in 1910.

See also
 :Category:Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Édouard Bornet

References

1828 births
1911 deaths
20th-century French botanists
People from Nièvre
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
French phycologists
19th-century French botanists
Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala
Lars Olai Meling

Lars Olai Meling (1876–1951) was the Norwegian Minister of Trade 1924–1926 and 1933–1935.

References

1876 births
1951 deaths
Ministers of Trade and Shipping of Norway
Bookland (disambiguation)

Bookland can refer to:

Bookland, a fictitious location corresponding to a 978 prefix that converts a 10 digit ISBN into EAN-13 barcode (with checksum changes).
Bookland (law), a category of land in Anglo-Saxon law
"Bookland", a chain of small-format book stores owned by American retailer Books-A-Million
Malcolm Evans

Malcolm Evans may refer to:

 Sir Malcolm Evans (academic lawyer), British jurist
 Malcolm Evans (cartoonist), New Zealand cartoonist
 Malcolm Evans (computer programmer), British computer programmer
 Mal Evans, road manager for The Beatles
Johan E. Mellbye

Johan Egeberg Mellbye (11 November 1866 – 17 December 1954) was a Norwegian farmer and politician who served as the first leader of the Norwegian Centre Party from 1920–1921. He also served as Minister of Agriculture 1904–1905, then representing the Conservative Party.

His son Jan E. Mellbye ran the family farm and became chairman of the Norwegian Agrarian Association and Selskapet Ny Jord.

References

1866 births
1954 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
Ministers of Agriculture and Food of Norway
Honorary Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Horsemonger Lane Gaol

Horsemonger Lane Gaol (also known as the Surrey County Gaol or the New Gaol) was a prison close to present-day Newington Causeway in Southwark, south London. Built at the end of the 18th century, it was in use until 1878.

History

The gaol was built to replace the old county gaol housed at what had been the nearby 'White Lion Inn' on Borough High Street, Southwark (informally called the 'Borough Gaol'). The new building was designed by George Gwilt the Elder, surveyor to the county of Surrey, and completed in 1799. It was adjacent to Sessions House, a court building also designed by Gwilt.

Horsemonger Lane remained Surrey’s principal prison and place of execution up to its closure in 1878. It was a common gaol, housing both debtors and criminals, with a capacity of around 300 inmates. In total, 131 men and four women were executed there between 1800 and 1877, the gallows being erected on the flat roof of the prison's gatehouse.

By 1859, the gaol was no longer known as 'Horsemonger Lane' following the road's change of name to Union Road (today: Harper Road), being renamed Surrey County Gaol (although its alternative name, the New Gaol, should not be confused with the New Prison, located north of the River Thames in Clerkenwell).

The gaol was demolished in 1881 and replaced by a public park, Newington Gardens, which opened in 1884.

Literary connections
In 1849, Charles Dickens attended the public hangings outside the gaol of husband and wife Frederick and Maria Manning, who had killed a friend for his money and buried him under the kitchen floor. Dickens wrote to The Times condemning such public spectacles.

Dickens later based the character of Hortense  in Bleak House on Maria Manning, while Mrs Chivery's tobacco shop in Little Dorrit is located on Horsemonger Lane. Executions at Horsemonger Lane are also mentioned in Sarah Waters' novel Fingersmith.

Inmates
Inmates included:
 William Chester Minor, convicted of murder
 Edward Despard, convicted of high treason (executed at the gaol on 21 February 1803)
 Leigh Hunt, convicted of criticism of the Prince Regent
 Marie and Frederick Manning, convicted of murder (executed at the gaol on 13 November 1849)
 Robert Taylor, convicted of blasphemy
 Arthur Tooth, convicted of contempt of court
 Margaret Waters, convicted of murder (executed at the gaol on 11 October 1870)

See also
Marshalsea

References

External links
London footprints: Crime & Punishment
'The Old Kent Road', Old and New London: Volume 6 (1878), pp. 248–55. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=45279. Date accessed: 19 December 2006.
Old Towns of England, London in 1839, Pt 6
Index to deaths, 1798-1878, in Surrey County Gaol

Defunct prisons in London
Former buildings and structures in the London Borough of Southwark
1790s establishments in England
Buildings and structures demolished in 1881
1881 disestablishments in England
Demolished prisons
Dingxi

Dingxi (), also known as Longyou () is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of Gansu province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,524,097 inhabitants, of which 422,383 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Anding urban district.

History
Dingxi was important in the development of some of China's earliest cultures, specifically along the Wei River, one of the Yellow River's biggest tributaries. Numerous Neolithic sites from various cultures are found throughout the area.

A series of earthquakes in July 2013 killed at least 95 people and destroyed 120,000 homes.

Geography
Dingxi City is located in central Gansu province,  east of Lanzhou, giving it the nickname the "eastern gateway". The Wei River, a tributary of the Yellow River flows through the district and provides it with the majority of its water. Dingxi is semi-arid, with little precipitation. Even though sunlight here can be intense, temperatures are generally cool. The surrounding terrain is mostly loess hills and ravines in the north and highlands in the south. The area is .

After the Qianlong Emperor period (18th century), the land of Dingxi went from lush grasslands and forests to being severely deforested as a result of war, famines and overpopulation.

Climate
Dingxi has a monsoon- influenced cool semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) characterised like most of eastern Gansu by warm to very warm, humid summers and freezing, virtually snowless winters.

Administration
Dingxi has 1 urban district, 6 counties, and 119 towns with a total population of 2,698,622.

Economy
Dingxi has been one of the most poverty-stricken regions in Gansu province and China as a whole. Up to 1999, some citizens still lacked food and clothing. Although most of Gansu is arid, in other regions of the province a large portion of farmland is irrigated, whereas in Dingxi this was not the case. Especially after the 1960s, the agricultural output of Dingxi plummeted due to land degradation.

Agriculture and natural resource based industries are the key to Dingxi's economy. There are more than 300 different kinds of Chinese medicinal plants and herbs found in the area. Dingxi's Anding County is China's number one grower of yams. Zanthoxylum (also called Sichuan Pepper or prickly ash fruit), walnuts, wild apricots, and other fruit are some of Dingxi's famous dried exports. Potato is an important crop, and Dingxi has been described as the 'Potato Capital of China'.

Culture 
The local Dingxi dialect of Central Plains Mandarin has only three tones instead of the normal four.

Food 

 Shouzhuarou, cooked mutton on the bone
 Dingxi Niangpi, a type of noodle similar to Liangpi
 Longxi Qianrou, a dish made from donkey tail
 Minxian Fenyu, a type of noodle that looks like a small fish or tadpole

Transportation 
G22 Qingdao–Lanzhou Expressway
G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway
China National Highway 312
Longhai railway
Xuzhou-Lanzhou High-Speed Railway

See also 

 Xihaigu, region in Ningxia with similar landscape and economic issues

References

External links

Dingxi Official Website 

 
Prefecture-level divisions of Gansu
Laucala (Open Constituency, Fiji)

Laucala Open is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 25 open constituencies that were elected by universal suffrage (the remaining 46 seats, called communal constituencies, were allocated by ethnicity).  Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006.  It was centred on a suburb of Suva.

The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.

Election results 

In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast.  The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).

1999

2001

2006

Sources 
 Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
 Fiji Facts
Trevor Smith (field hockey)

Trevor Smith (born 15 April 1949) is a retired field hockey player from Australia, who was a member of the national team that won the silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.  He also went to the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where the Australian team missed the medals, finishing fourth.

Personal
Trevor was involved with the business Hockeyworld along with younger brothers Roger Smith and Terry Smith who also played hockey for Australia.

Field hockey

International hockey

He made his Olympic debut at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal where the Kookaburras won a silver medal and also performed at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

References

External links
 

1949 births
Living people
Australian male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for Australia
Olympic silver medalists for Australia
Field hockey players at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Cape Romano

Cape Romano is a cape on the Gulf Coast of Florida, United States. It is on Cape Romano Island, one of a group of islands known collectively as Kice-Morgan Island.

Marjory Stoneman Douglas stated that the cape was named for Bernard Romans, who charted all of the coasts of East and West Florida in 1774. The feature is called "Cape Roman or Punta Larga" on Romans's 1774 map. John Lee Williams, in 1837, refers to the south point of "Isle Roman" as "Cape Roman" "of the British [charts]", and "Puerta Longa", "Punta Longa", and "Cape Acies" "of the Spanish charts".

Kice-Morgan Island
Kice-Morgan Island is located south of Marco Island, in Collier County. It is separated from Marco Island by Caxambas Bay. John Lee Williams called the island south of Caxambas Bay "Isle Roman", and described it as  long and  wide. The island complex consists of narrow barrier beaches with large mangrove mangals (forests) behind the beaches. The Kice Island barrier beach was  long in 1976, extending southsouthwest from Caxamabas Pass and Bay. Hurricane Wilma made landfall near Cape Romano in 2005, bringing a  storm surge onto Kice Island. The storm opened an inlet, Morgan Pass, in the middle of the island. The southern portion of Kice Island is now called Morgan Island. In the decade following Hurricane Wilma, much of the beach on Morgan Island was eroded away. Some sand from the Kice-Morgan beaches has moved south, forming a spit at the southern end of Morgan Island. Other sand from the Kice-Morgan beaches has moved further south, onto the Cape Romano shoals south of the cape. As of 2023, the NOAA chart shows Cape Romano on Cape Romano Island, which lies behind the Morgan Island beach. The sand spit at the southern end of Morgan Island extends further south than Cape Romano Island.

Human presence
The town of Muspa, a sub-chiefdom of the Calusa, may have been located on or near Cape Romano. One Spanish map gave the name "Punta de Muspa" to the cape, and descriptions of the location of the town fit the cape, as well. John Lee Williams reported plantations in the vicinity of Caxambas Bay in 1837, which led Charlton Tebeau to suggest there may have been one at Cape Romano. A military expedition in 1838 camped on Cape Romano at the site of a former settlement, where they found fresh water. The cape was later reported to have a reliable fresh water well, which was used by residents of the area. Joe Dickman lived on Cape Romano as a hermit from the 1930s until the 1960s. Several houses were built on or near Cape Romano in the 1970s and 1980s, but beach erosion left them in open water, and hurricanes have washed them away, including the Cape Romano Dome House.

References

Romano
Landforms of Collier County, Florida
Bling Kong

Bling Kong was an indie rock band from New York City in early to mid 2000's. The band consisted of eleven members: three drummers, two guitarists, one bass guitar player, one videographer, and four cheerleaders. The band was known for their sexual, rock-driven, music with humorous lyrics, as well as their clothing line.

Discography
Greatest Hits 3.16.Ö3-5.20.Ö3 (2003) self-released
Do The Awesome (2005)

References

Musical groups from New York (state)
American indie rock groups
Charles Franklin Thwing

Rev. Charles Franklin Thwing (November 9, 1853 – August 29, 1937) was an American clergyman and educator.

Birth
He was born in New Sharon, Maine on November 9, 1853.  He graduated from Harvard University in 1876, and from Andover Theological Seminary in 1879. He then served as a pastor in churches in Cambridge, Massachusetts and Minneapolis, Minnesota.  The Reverend Thwing became president of Adelbert College and Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.  In 1899, as president of Western Reserve, he signed a petition to President William McKinley to mediate the conflict between Great Britain and the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. In 1909 was a member of the National Negro Committee, the precursor to the NAACP. He was an active supporter of the new NAACP from 1909 through at least 1929. He died on August 29, 1937.

Writings
He was the author of:  
 The Reading of Books (1883)
 The Family (1886; second edition, 1913), with Carrie F. Butler Thwing
 Within College Walls (1893)
 The College Woman (1894)
 College Administration (1900)
 God In His World (1900)
 If I Were a College Student (1902)
 History of Higher Education in America (1906)
 Education in the Far East (1909)
 A History of Education the United States since the Civil War (1910)
 Universities of the World (1911)
 Letters from a Father to his Son Entering College (1912)
 Letters from a Father to His Daughter Entering College (1913)
 The American College (1913)
 The College Gateway (1918)
 Human Australasia: Studies of Society and Education in Australia and New Zealand    (1923)
 Guides, Philosophers, and Friends Studies of College Men (1927)
 The College President (1929)
 The American and the German University: one Hundred Years of History (1928)
 American Society: Interpretations of Educational and Other Forces (1931)

External links

 
 
 
 More biographical information

Phillips Academy alumni
Harvard University alumni
American non-fiction writers
American educators
1853 births
1937 deaths
People from New Sharon, Maine
Burials at Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland
Presidents of Case Western Reserve University
Hají Ákhúnd

Ḥají Mullá ʻAlí-Akbar S͟hahmírzádí (‎ 18421910), known as Ḥají Ák͟húnd, was an eminent follower of Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith. He was appointed a Hand of the Cause, and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh.

Background 

Hají Ákhúnd was born in the village of S͟hahmírzád, Iran. He was the son of Mullá Abbas who was a Bábí. Hají Ákhúnd thus grew up in a household where there was some mention of this new religion. After some preliminary studies, he went to Mashhad to attend a religious college. In 1861, he encountered Bábís and converted to the Báb's religion, which caused his immediate expulsion from the college and the city.

Imprisonment 

Upon his return to his home village, he was also expelled and sent away by the local clergy. He settled in Tihrán, where he accepted Baháʼu'lláh and became a Baháʼí. It is recorded that when there was an outburst against the Baháʼís in Tihrán, he would wrap his cloak around himself and sit waiting for the guards to come and arrest him.

He was arrested many times in Tihrán: in 1886 on the orders of Mulla ʻAli Kani, in 1872 for seven months by Nayibu's-Saltanih, in 1882 for two years by Nayibu's-Saltanih, in 1887, and in 1891 for two years with Hájí Amín.

Travels 

He visited ʻAkká, where Baháʼu'lláh and his family were prisoners, on three occasions: in 1873, 1888, and 1899. He was given the task of transferring the remains of the Báb from various secret locations to ʻAkká, where they remained for several years until they were eventually entombed in the Shrine of the Báb. He was one of the four Hands of the Cause appointed by Baháʼu'lláh himself, and was responsible for much of the Baháʼí activity in Iran until his death on 4 March, 1910.

Notes

References

External links 
Biography by Moojan Momen.

1842 births
1910 deaths
Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh
Hands of the Cause
Iranian Bahá'ís
Converts to the Bahá'í Faith from Shia Islam
19th-century Bahá'ís
20th-century Bahá'ís
1980–81 Yugoslav First League

The 1980–81 Yugoslav First League season was the 35th season of the First Federal League (), the top level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. A total of 18 teams competed in the league, with the previous season's champions Red Star successfully defending their title, finishing the season two points clear of runners-up Hajduk Split.

Teams
A total of eighteen teams contested the league, including sixteen sides from the 1979–80 season and two sides promoted from the 1979–80 Yugoslav Second League (YSL) as winners of the two second level divisions East and West. The league was contested in a double round robin format, with each club playing every other club twice, for a total of 34 rounds. Two points were awarded for wins and one point for draws.

Osijek and Čelik were relegated from the 1979–80 Yugoslav First League after finishing the season in bottom two places of the league table. The two clubs promoted were NK Zagreb and OFK Belgrade, returning to the top level after being relegated in the 1978–79 season.

League table

Results

Winning squad

Top scorers

See also
1980–81 Yugoslav Second League
1980–81 Yugoslav Cup

External links
Yugoslavia Domestic Football Full Tables

Yugoslav First League seasons
Yugo
1980–81 in Yugoslav football
Cornelius Middelthon

Cornelius Middelthon (12 April 1869 – 6 April 1934) was a Norwegian grocer and politician of the Conservative Party who served as Minister of Labour from 1920 to 1921 and again from 1923 to 1924.

1869 births
1934 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
Bookland

"Bookland" is the informal name for the Unique Country Code (UCC) prefix allocated in the 1980s for European Article Number (EAN) identifiers of published books, regardless of country of origin, so that the EAN namespace can catalogue books by ISBN rather than maintaining a redundant parallel numbering system. In other words, Bookland is a fictitious country that exists solely in EAN for the purposes of non-geographically cataloguing books in the otherwise geographically keyed EAN coding system.

History 
Until January 1, 2007, all ISBNs were allocated as 9-digit numbers followed by a modulo 11 checksum character that was either a decimal digit or the letter "X".  A Bookland EAN was generated by concatenating the Bookland UCC 978, the 9 digits of the book's ISBN other than its checksum, and the EAN checksum digit.

Since parts of the 10-character ISBN space are nearly full, all books published from 2007 on have been allocated a 13-digit ISBN, which is identical to the Bookland EAN.  Most of UCC 979 (formerly "Musicland") has now been assigned for the expansion of Bookland, and was first used by publishers in the French language, which can now use the additional prefix "979-10-" in addition to the nearly full "978-2-" prefix (onto which legacy 10-character ISBNs starting with "2-" have been remapped).  Books numbered with prefixes other than 978 will not be mappable to 10-character ISBNs.

The GS1 is the global identification standards organization for retail. Every country has an assigned country code which precedes the company code. The "country codes" 978 and 979 are now officially registered for allocation by the International ISBN Agency, which maintains the official international registry of ISBN numbers allocated to book publishers.

Similar mappings

 ISSNs (which identify periodical publications) are mapped into the UCC 977.
 ISMNs (which identify sheet music) are mapped into the UCC 979. Since the leading "M" of a legacy 10-digit ISMN number (such as M-345-24680-5) is transcoded as 0, the EAN prefix 979-0 is wholly reserved for sheet music and has been dubbed the fictitious country "Musicland". Like ISBNs, ISMNs have been officially allocated using 13 digits since mid-2008.

References

External links 
 Are you ready for ISBN-13? (archived 31 August 2008)
  Informational website which converts ISBN-10 to ISBN-13
 US agency to obtain ISBN numbers
 The EAN System (archived 12 May 2007)

Book publishing
International Standard Book Number
Fictional countries
Prime Minister of Tonga

The prime minister of Tonga (historically referred to as the premier) is the country's head of government. Tonga is a monarchy with the king, currently Tupou VI, former prime minister, as head of state. The current prime minister is Siaosi Sovaleni, who was elected on 15 December 2021 and appointed on 27 December 2021. Sovaleni was elected with 16 votes.

The office of prime minister was established by the Constitution of 1875, whose article 51 stipulates that the prime minister and other ministers are appointed and dismissed by the king.

The prime minister is assisted by the deputy prime minister.

2000s democratization

During the 2000s, the country experienced an increase in democratization. In March 2006, King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV appointed Feleti Sevele, a moderate member of the Human Rights and Democracy Movement, as prime minister. Sevele was the first commoner to hold this post since Shirley Waldemar Baker in 1881. All the prime ministers since Baker had been members of the nobility, or even the royal family.

In July 2008, King George Tupou V announced more substantial democratic reforms. He would abandon the essential part of his executive powers, and would henceforth follow the custom of monarchies such as the United Kingdom, exercising his prerogatives only with the prime minister's advice. In addition, he would no longer appoint the prime minister anyone he wished, but would appoint a member of the Legislative Assembly to be elected by the Legislative Assembly.

List of premiers/prime ministers of Tonga (1876–present)

|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan=8| Vacant (18 December 1879 – April 1881)

Timeline

See also
 Politics of Tonga
 List of monarchs of Tonga

Notes

References

External links
 Prime Minister of Tonga at World Statesman Encyclopedia

Politics of Tonga
Government of Tonga
Tonga, Prime Minister of
 
Prime Minister
1876 establishments in Tonga
Graeme Reid

Graeme Reid (born 15 June 1948), also known as Graham Reid, is a retired field hockey player from Australia. He was a member of the national team that won the silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.  He also represented Australia at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany.

References

External links
 
 
 
 

1948 births
Living people
Australian male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for Australia
Olympic silver medalists for Australia
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Field hockey players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Ukash

Ukash was a UK-based electronic money system that allowed users to exchange their cash for a secure code to make payments online. It was acquired by Skrill Group in April 2014 and merged into Austrian competitor paysafecard, acquired by Skrill a year earlier. All existing vouchers expired after 31 October 2015. Remaining ones could be exchanged into paysafecard PINs, in May 2016 paysafecard announced completion of the process.

The system allowed users to exchange their cash for a secure code. The code was then used to make payments online, to load cards or e-wallets or for money transfer. Codes were distributed around the world by participating retail locations, kiosks and ATMs.

History
The service was founded in 2005.

In 2013, the company supported the launch of AvoidOnlineScams.net, which offers information about how to avoid online scams and ransomware.

In June 2014 Ukash launched the Ukash Travel Money Prepaid MasterCard, a reloadable prepaid MasterCard for euros and U.S. dollars that could be used anywhere that accepted MasterCard.

In April 2015 Ukash became part of Skrill Group. As a result, the Ukash online cash voucher scheme was replaced with Skrill Group's paysafecard scheme on 31 October 2015. Ukash distribution stopped on 31 August 2015 and any existing vouchers could be spent until 31 October 2015.

Process
Ukash users were given a unique 19-digit code representing their prepaid money; this was entered when making a transfer, payment or purchase online. If the purchase was less than the value of the code a new 19-digit code could be provided by merchants able to issue ukash, just like change in an offline cash transaction.

Online scams
The "bearer" of Ukash could spend it online anywhere it was accepted. Some scammers were reported to have been exploiting the Ukash system for black market use by extorting codes from victims. Fraudsters promised cheap loans or other services in exchange for a fee. Some offered items for sale on sites like Gumtree but these items did not exist. Others would infect a computer with Ransomware and demand the payment using methods including Ukash.
 
In 2012, the company issued advice to consumers on staying safe with Ukash. It said "The best way for consumers to avoid becoming victims of fraud is to guard Ukash codes like cash. Each Ukash code is unique and like cash, must be kept safe and therefore never emailed or given to anyone else over the telephone."
 
Ukash was designed solely for making payments online and at participating merchants. Most online scams reported obtained Ukash by asking the victim to email the code or give it out over the telephone.

See also
 E-commerce
 Online banking
 Prepayment for service
 Vouchers

References

Electronic funds transfer
Ole Monsen Mjelde

Ole Monsen Mjelde (12 September 1865 – 7 March 1942) was a Norwegian politician of the Liberal Party who served as the Minister of Labour 1920, 1921–1923, 1924–1926, 1928–1931 and 1933–1935, and also as head Ministry of Provisioning in 1921.

References

Government ministers of Norway
1865 births
1942 deaths
Lars Magnus Moen

Lars Magnus Moen (29 November 1885 – 22 April 1964) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party who served as Minister of Education and Church Affairs from 1948 to 1953. He also served in the Storting from 1928 to 1957, spanning 30 years.

Biography
Moen was born in 1885 in Lesja, Oppland, to Tore Ingebrigtsen Moen and Marie Larsdotter Dale. When he was four, the family moved to the square Moen, and it was from here he had his name. After primary and secondary school, Lars traveled to Lillehammer to attend tailoring. It was probably here that he first met the young workers' movement who had come here in connection with the development of the railway.

After some time at Elverum, where Moen found his wife, he came to Dombås as a tailor in 1911. He resided there for the rest of his life. He was central to the construction of labour movements in Gudbrandsdalen, initially as a tenant of the local labour union, and as a tenant of the circuit party in Nord-Gudbrandsdalen. In 1932, he became chairman of the Gudbrandsdalen Labour Party, a position in which he held until 1949.

As minister, he earned a lot of respect, which was gained from his actions of establishing central cultural institutions, such as Riksteatret and Norsk Bygdekino, and his proposal for ninth grade schooling. He resigned as minister after suffering a stroke in 1953, but he remained active in parliament until the end of the 1953–1957 term.

References

1885 births
1964 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
Members of the Storting
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians
People from Lesja
Ministers of Education of Norway
List of reptiles of Texas

This list of reptiles of Texas includes the snakes, lizards, crocodilians, and turtles native to the U.S. state of Texas.

Texas has a large range of habitats, from swamps, coastal marshes and pine forests in the east, rocky hills and limestone karst in the center, desert in the south and west, mountains in the far west, and grassland prairie in the north. This vast contrast in biomes makes Texas home to an extremely wide variety of herpetofauna. Its central position in the United States means that species found primarily in either the western or eastern parts of the country often have their ranges meeting in the state. Its proximity to Mexico is such that many species found there and into Central America range as far north as Texas. The abundance of reptiles makes the state a prime area for research, and most species found in Texas have been well studied.

Texas state law protects several reptile species; threatened species are denoted with a (T) and endangered species are denoted with an (E). The climate of Texas has also led to some species being introduced and establishing a permanent population, denoted with an (I).


Crocodilians

Lizards

Snakes

Turtles

See also

List of Texas amphibians

Further reading
 Dixon, James R. 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of Texas, with Keys, Taxonomic Synopses, Bibliography, and Distribution Maps. 3nd ed. Texas A&M University Press. College Station, Texas. viii, 477 pp. 
 Dixon, James R., John E. Werler, and Michael R. Forstner. 2020. Texas Snakes, A Field Guide, Revised Edition. University of Texas Press. Austin, Texas. xvi, 448 pp. 
 Ernst, Carl H. and Jeffrey E. Lovich. 2009. Turtles of the United States and Canada. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland. xii, 827 pp. 
 Ernst, Carl H. and Evelyn M. Ernst. 2003. Snakes of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C. ix, 668 pp. 
 Hibbitts, Troy D. and Toby L. Hibbitts. 2016. Texas Turtles and Crocodilians, A Field Guide. University of Texas Press. Austin. xvi, 257 pp. 
 Hibbitts, Troy D. and Toby J. Hibbitts. 2015. Texas Lizards, A Field Guide. University of Texas Press. Austin. xvi, 333 pp. 
 Jones, Lawrence L. C. and Robert E. Lovich. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest, A Photographic Field Guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers. Tucson, Arizona. 567 pp. 
 Powell, Robert, Roger Conant, and Joseph T. Collins. 2016.  Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and  Central North America, 4rd ed. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. xiii, 494 pp. 
 Werler, John E. and James R. Dixon. 2000. Texas Snakes, Identification, Distribution, and Natural History. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. xv, 437 pp.

References
Texas Memorial Museum: Herps of Texas
Texas Parks & Wildlife: Endangered and Threatened Species of Texas
Integrated Taxonomic Information System

Reptiles
Texas
Fredrik Monsen

Christian Fredrik Monsen (27 April 1878 – 31 January 1954) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party and the Communist Party.

History 
He was born in Kristiania as a son of Ludvig Monsen (1854–1942) and Josefine Aurora Marcelie Dehn (1852–1942). 

Monsen edited the newspaper  from 1913 to 1916 and was a member of Hamar city council from 1907 to 1945, serving as mayor in 1916–1919. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from the Market towns of Hedmark and Oppland counties in 1922, and was re-elected on six occasions. He represented the Labour Party, except for the term 1925–1927 when he represented the Communist Party. During his last term, from December 10, 1945 to January 10, 1949, he was the President of the Storting. Already before the 1945 election, when the old Parliament was convened, Monsen was installed in the Presidium as the Labour Party dropped their former member of the presidium Magnus Nilssen.

Monsen headed the Ministry of Defence during the short-lived Hornsrud's Cabinet in 1928 and then during Nygaardsvold's Cabinet. Unusually for a Minister of Defence, Monsen was an antimilitarist and wrote three anti-militarist pamphlets (,  and ).

References 

1878 births
1954 deaths
Norwegian educators
Norwegian newspaper editors
Mayors of places in Hedmark
Politicians from Hamar
Presidents of the Storting
Members of the Storting
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Communist Party of Norway politicians
Norwegian male writers
Norwegian sports executives and administrators
20th-century Norwegian politicians
Defence ministers of Norway
An Introduction to Of Montreal

An Introduction to of Montreal is a special-edition vinyl record album by indie rock band of Montreal released on the Earworm record label.

Track listing
 Side A
 "Don't Ask Me to Explain" (Cherry Peel)
 "Baby" (Cherry Peel)
 "Everything Disappears When You Come Around" (Cherry Peel)
 "I Can't Stop Your Memory" (Cherry Peel)
 "You Are an Airplane" (The Bird Who Ate the Rabbit's Flower)
 "If I Faltered Slightly Twice" (The Bird Who Ate the Rabbit's Flower)
 "Little Viola Hidden in the Orchestra" (The Bedside Drama: A Petite Tragedy)
 "Panda Bear" (The Bedside Drama: A Petite Tragedy)

 Side B
 "Sing You a Love You Song" (The Bedside Drama: A Petite Tragedy)
 "Easy to Sleep When Your Dead" (The Bedside Drama: A Petite Tragedy)
 "The Miniature Philosopher" (The Gay Parade)
 "A Man's Life Flashing Before His Eyes While He and His Wife Drive Off a Cliff" (The Gay Parade)
 "Jacques Lamure" (The Gay Parade)
 "A Collection of Poems About Water" (The Gay Parade)
 "Nickee Coco and the Invisible Tree" (The Gay Parade)
 "Cast in the Haze"

Of Montreal albums
2001 compilation albums
Erih Koš

Erih Koš (Erich Kosch; Serbian Cyrillic: Ерих Кош) (April 15, 1913 – May 25, 2010) was a Jewish Bosnian writer and translator. He was born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (then a condominium in Austria-Hungary).

Biography
He graduated from the University of Belgrade's Law School and was active as a lawyer since 1935. In 1941, he participated in the resistance fight and held many different political-cultural positions during and after the Second World War in communist Yugoslavia. Koš wrote mainly novels and narrations, which treat topics of the resistance or problems of the Yugoslav society. Beside the telling work he wrote spirit-rich essays and translated Goethe and Chamisso into Serbian.

In 1967, he won prestigious NIN Prize for his novel Mreža (The Net).

In 1978 he was elected as a member of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in the Department of Language and Literature.

Works
 U vatri - narrations 1947
 Tri hronike - narrations 1949
 Zapisi o mladim ljudima - 1950
 Vreme, narrations 1952
 Čudnovata povest o Kitu Velikom takođe zvanom Veliki Mak, novel 1956; translated into English as The Strange Story of the Great Whale Also Known as Big Mac, 1962
 Il tifo, a novel 1958
 Kao vuci, narrations 1958
 Sneg i led, a novel 1961
 Novosadski pokolj, a novel 1961
 Vrapci Van Pea, a novel 1962
 Prvo lice jednine, narrations 1963
 Imena, a novel 1964
 Taj prokleti zanat spisateljski, essays 1965
 Mreža, a novel 1967
 Satire, 1968
 Mešano društvo, narrations 1969
 Zašto da ne 1971
 Dosije Hrabak, a novel 1971
 Cveće i bodlje, narrations 1972
 The best years, narration dt. 1972
 Na autobuskoj stanici, narrations 1974
 U potrazi za Mesijom, 2 Bde., a novel 1978
 Bosanske priče, narrations 1984
 Satira i satiričari, essays 1985
 Šamforova smrt, novel 1986
 Pisac govora, 1989
 Uzgredne zabeleške, Aphorisms 1990
 Miševi, novel 1991

Translations published in around ten countries across Europe and in the USA.

References

External links 
 Serbian Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Serbian Website; photography)

1913 births
2010 deaths
Writers from Sarajevo
Jewish Bosnian writers
Bosnia and Herzegovina writers
Serbian translators
Serbian novelists
Serbian male short story writers
Serbian short story writers
Serbian non-fiction writers
Serbian science fiction writers
Yugoslav science fiction writers
Serbian literary critics
Literary critics of Serbian
Serbian autobiographers
German–Serbian translators
Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
University of Belgrade Faculty of Law alumni
20th-century Serbian novelists
20th-century translators
20th-century short story writers
20th-century male writers
Male non-fiction writers
Peter Andreas Morell

Peter Andreas Amundsen Morell (1 January 1868 – 30 January 1948) was  a Norwegian farmer and politician.

Peter  Morell was born in Aker (now  Akershus), Norway. He was the son of Ole Amundsen (1827-85) and Johanna Gustava Kjelin (1844-1918). 
Morrell took over the Nedre Grefsen farm which had been purchased by his father in 1855. He later took over the nearby farms Storo (1889)  and Østre Grefsen  (1895) . 

Morell was the mayor of Aker  (1902-1907) and (1911-1916). He was elected to the Storting  between 1903 and 1912. He was the Norwegian Minister of Social Affairs in the government formed by Ivar Lykke  (1926 to 1928).

In 1890, he married  Hanna Astrup (1869-1933), daughter of Harald Astrup. Her brothers included the architects   Henning Astrup (1864–1896) and Thorvald Astrup (1876–1940), Arctic explorer Eivind Astrup (1871–1895) and member of Parliament  Sigurd Astrup (1873–1949).

Peter  Morell established  a foundation  (Hanna og Peter Andreas Morells legat) in support of higher education for residents of Grefsen. The neighbourhood, which  was named after the  Grefsen farm, was  later incorporated into the district of Nordre Aker in Oslo.

References

External links
 Grefsen a Hundred Years Ago ( Historielaget Grefsen • Kjelsås • Nydalen)  

1868 births
1948 deaths

Government ministers of Norway
Politicians from Aker
Mayors of places in Akershus
Allan Stewart (musician)

Allan William Stewart (born 21 January 1977 in Coventry, England) is an English musician. He is the second guitarist in Idlewild, the bassist in Holy Mountain and guitarist for the band Desalvo. He grew up in Farnborough, Hampshire.

Stewart joined Idlewild as a touring guitarist in 2000 and became a full member in 2003. He features on the Idlewild albums Warnings/Promises, Make Another World and Post Electric Blues, of which, on the latter he is also pictured on the cover. He co-wrote "I Never Wanted" on The Remote Part. 

Following Idlewild's hiatus in 2010, Stewart joined Glasgow band Holy Mountain with Pete Flett (drums) and Andy McGlone (vocals). Stewart also commenced work as a guitar, bass and drum tech for many popular touring bands such as Mogwai, The Jesus & Mary Chain, Franz Ferdinand, Primal Scream, Belle & Sebastian and Icelandic band, Of Monsters and Men. 

In 2019, Stewart once again took up touring guitarist duties for Idlewild whom he continues to perform with. He continues to reside in Glasgow, Scotland, U.K. with his partner.

References

1977 births
Living people
English rock guitarists
English male guitarists
English rock bass guitarists
Male bass guitarists
21st-century bass guitarists
21st-century British male musicians

Musicians from Coventry
People from Farnborough, Hampshire
Frozen with Fear

Frozen with Fear is a 2000 Canadian crime/mystery film starring Bo Derek, Stephen Shellen and Wayne Rogers.

The picture was filmed in and around Fredericton, New Brunswick.

Synopsis
Katherine Sullivan, a severe agoraphobic, witnesses the murder of her husband and speaks with the investigating detective. Then both the body and the detective disappear. Katherine hires private investigator Jack Mize to figure out, only Mize isn't so sure that Katherine's version of reality is the truth.

Cast
Bo Derek as Katherine Sullivan
Stephen Shellen as Jack Mize
Wayne Rogers as Charles Sullivan III
Andrew Lambert as Darnell the street kid
Dawn McKelvie Cyr as Sarah Harper
Steven Morgan as Detective Bob Kelsey
Wally MacKinnon as Detective-Sergeant Al Sanderstin / Albert Heyes
Peggy Gedeon as Charlene
Janet Monid as Dr Eberson
Shawn Fitch as Dr Becker
Bryan McSorley as Andy
Mark A. Owen as Lt. Jennings

Notes

External links

Production Company (Milagro Films)

2001 films
2000s crime drama films
2000s mystery drama films
Films directed by Paul Lynch
Films shot in New Brunswick
Canadian crime drama films
Canadian mystery drama films
English-language Canadian films
Agoraphobia in fiction
Canadian detective films
2000s English-language films
2000s Canadian films
Rasmus Olai Mortensen

Rasmus Olai Mortensen (23 August 1869 – 30 July 1934) was the Norwegian Minister of Provisioning 1921–1922, as well as head of the Ministry of Social Affairs in 1922, then Minister of Social Affairs 1922–1923 in Blehr's Second Cabinet.

1869 births
1934 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
Ernst Motzfeldt

Ernst Motzfeldt (1 March 1842 – 10 June 1915) was a Norwegian member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm (Norske statsråder i Stockholm) 1893-1894  and Minister of Justice from 1894 to 1895 within the Second Cabinet of Prime Minister Emil Stang  

Motzfeldt was born in Christiania to Ulrik Anton Motzfeldt and Anna Pauline Birch. He graduated as cand.jur. in 1864, and was named as a Supreme Court Justice from 1890 to 1912. He chaired the Norwegian Red Cross from 1905 to 1908. He was decorated as Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1891, and Commander in 1893, and was a Commander of the Order of the Polar Star.

References

1842 births
1915 deaths
Politicians from Oslo
Government ministers of Norway
Supreme Court of Norway justices
Presidents of the Norwegian Red Cross
Ministers of Justice of Norway
Judges from Oslo
Swim trunks

Swim trunks, also known as swimming trunks, are a form of swimsuit - clothing worn specifically for swimming. As such, they are usually made of materials specifically designed for being wet and remaining comfortable and hydrodynamic to not impede the swimmer. The choice of materials makes them distinct from underwear which may have a similar shape. The term is a catch-all for a number of styles of garment - briefs (very short with no leg coverage), shorts (fabric extends beyond the crotch and slightly onto the legs) and "jammers" (extend further down the legs, to mid thigh or even the knee, and popular with competitive swimmers).

Especially in North America, the term swim trunks can also include water-friendly variants of such articles as beach shorts and boardshorts which are typically baggy, casual, and more modest—but which impede the performance of the swimmer.

Other usage

Other items of clothing can also be known as trunks, such as looser-fitting garments used for boxing and track and field events, and certain styles of underpants (especially in British English).

In American English, the term is sometimes used to refer to trunk hose, defined by the Collins American English Dictionary as "full, baggy breeches reaching about halfway down the thigh, worn in the 16th and 17th cent." More recently, “trunks” has been used as shorthand for the relatively new trunk briefs, a shorter version of boxer briefs.

References 

Swimsuits
Trousers and shorts
Ketil Motzfeldt

Ketil Melsted Johnsen Motzfeldt (10 August 1814 - 17 November 1889) was Norwegian  Naval Officer and Government Official.

Background
Motzfeldt was born in Bergen, Norway. His parents were government minister Peter Motzfeldt (1777-1854) and Ernesta Birgitte Margrethe Stenersen (1789-1848).
He was the brother of Ulrik Anton Motzfeldt and brother-in-law of Christian Birch-Reichenwald. He was a nephew of both Frederik Motzfeldt  and Carl Frederik Motzfeldt.

Career
Motzfeldt was naval cadet at Fredriksvern Norwegian naval base in 1826.  He was a second lieutenant by 1841, then First Lieutenant in 1852. He entered the Norwegian Parliament in 1857. He was Minister of the Navy and Minister of Postal Affairs in 1860, member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm 1860–1861, and Minister of the Navy in 1861. From 1870 to 1885, he was elected as a member of Parliament from  Jarlsberg og Laurvigs Amt (now Vestfold).

Personal life
He was married to Hedvig Susanne Amalie Rosenvinge (1840-1903), the daughter of Eiler Schøller Rosenvinge (1813-1849),  a member of the aristocratic Rosenvinge family.

References

1814 births
1889 deaths
Politicians from Bergen
Military personnel from Bergen
Royal Norwegian Navy personnel
Government ministers of Norway
19th-century Norwegian politicians
List of Picasso artworks 1921–1930



1921
Three Musicians (two versions)
Reading the Letter (La Lecture de la Lettre)

1922
Deux femmes courant sur la plage (La Course)

1923
The Pipes of Pan (La flûte de Pan) - Musée Picasso, Paris
Olga with a Fur Collar
La Lettre (La Réponse)
Los Enamorados ("The Lovers")
Harlequin (Arlequin) - Centre Pompidou, Musée National d'Art Moderne
Mother and Child
Two Nudes
Portrait d'Olga

1924
Picasso painted the walls of the garage at the Villa La Vigie in Juan-les-Pins during late July, the owner insisted that they be repainted. No photographs exist of the walls.
Still Life with Mandolin - Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam
Still Life with a Mandolin - National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin
Mandolin with Guitar - Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York City
Juan-les-Pins - Sold by Heinz Berggruen in 1961 to Mr & Mrs Walter Oppenheimer; in their collection from 1961 to 2007. Sold at Christie's 2007 and sold at Sotheby's in 2018.
Trois Baigneuses - Acquired by a Scandinavian private collector from Perls Galleries, New York in 1989; sold by them at Sotheby's in 2019 for $1.095 million.
Snow Landscape
Still Life with Mandolin and Galette, Oil and sand on canvas, 38 1/2 x 51 1/2 in. (97.8 x 130.8 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

1925
Mandolin, Fruit Bowl, and Plaster Arm, Oil on canvas, 38 1/2 x 51 1/2 in. (97.8 x 130.8 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
The Three Dancers (Les Trois Danseuses) - Tate, London

1926 

 Scène d'Intérieur - two versions at University of Michigan Museum of Art

1927
 Seated Woman
Les Trois Amies (The Three Friends) - University of Michigan Museum of Art
Painter Working, observed by a nude model. Plate VIII for Balzac, 'Le Chef-d'oeu - University of Michigan Museum of Art
Bull and Horse. (Taureau et Cheval) Plate III for Balzac, Le Chef-d'oeuvre inco - University of Michigan Museum of Art
Harlequin, Oil on canvas, 32 in. × 25 5/8 in. (81.3 × 65.1 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Head of a Woman, Oil and charcoal on canvas, 21 3/4 x 13 1/4 in. (55.2 x 33.7 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

1928
The Studio

1929
Woman in a Red Armchair - Menil Collection, Houston

1930
Hand with Bouquet
Seated Bather
Crucifixion

1931
 Figures at the Seashore

References

1921-1930
Picasso 1921-1930