alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
M94 Group

The M94 Group (Canes I Group or Canes Venatici I Group) is a loose, extended group of galaxies located about 13 million light-years away in the constellations Canes Venatici and Coma Berenices.  The group is one of many groups that lies within the Virgo Supercluster (i.e. the Local Supercluster) and one of the closest groups to the Local Group.

Although the galaxies in this cluster appear to be from a single large cloud-like structure, many of the galaxies within the group are only weakly gravitationally bound, and some have not yet formed stable orbits around the center of this group.  Instead, most of the galaxies in this group appear to be moving with the expansion of the universe.

Members

The table below lists galaxies that have been consistently identified as group members in the Nearby Galaxies Catalog, the Lyons Groups of Galaxies (LGG) Catalog, and the three group lists created from the Nearby Optical Galaxy sample of Giuricin et al.

Additionally, NGC 4105 and DDO 169 are frequently but not consistently identified as members of this group in the references cited above.

The brightest member in this galaxy group is questionable and partly depends on the analysis used to determine group members.  The LGG Catalog identifies M106 as part of this group, which would make it the brightest galaxy within the group.  However, the other catalogs cited above do not identify M106 as a group member, in which case M94 would be the brightest galaxy within the group.

Canes Venatici Cloud
This galaxy group is sometimes erroneously called the Canes Venatici Cloud, a larger structure of which it is a member. A galaxy cloud is a supercluster substructure. The CVn Cloud used in this manner is identified by Tully and de Vaucoleurs.

See also
 M96 Group
 Sculptor Group
 Canes II Group (CVn II Group)

References

External links
 

 
Galaxy clusters
Virgo Supercluster
Canes Venatici
Coma Berenices
Toyota Coliseum

The Toyota Coliseum, formerly the State Fair Coliseum, is an indoor arena in Geddes, New York. It hosted the Syracuse Nationals from 1946 to 1951 as well as the Syracuse Stars of the American Hockey League.  It also served as a temporary home to the Syracuse Orange men's basketball team following the burning of their on-campus gymnasium, Archbold Gymnasium, in 1947 until the opening of the Onondaga County War Memorial in 1951. The arena held 7,500 people and was built in 1927. It is owned by the State of New York under the Great New York State Fair. After undergoing renovations, the seating capacity was reduced to 3,600 and is now primarily used for horse shows. Much of the previous infrastructure, including the scoreboard and announcers booth, are still in place.

References

Basketball venues in New York (state)
Former National Basketball Association venues
Sports venues in Syracuse, New York
Sports venues in Onondaga County, New York
Syracuse Orange basketball
Philadelphia 76ers
National Basketball League (United States) venues
1927 establishments in New York (state)
Sports venues completed in 1927
Defunct college basketball venues in the United States
Indoor ice hockey venues in New York (state)
CIU

CIU may refer to:
Crash Investigation Unit, an Australian factual television program
Working Men's Club and Institute Union, an association of social clubs in the United Kingdom
Chippewa County International Airport in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan (IATA Code: CIU)
Columbia International University, a Bible college and seminary in Columbia, South Carolina
Cyprus International University, Cyprus, North Cyprus
Cape plc, a construction company listed in the Alternative Investment Market under ticker CIU
 Customs and Immigration Union (Canada)
 Chronic idiopathic urticaria, also known as hives
 Collective investment undertaking, another term for an investment fund
 Conviction Integrity Unit, a division of a prosecutorial office, working to prevent, identify, and remedy false convictions
Cédula de Identidad de Uruguay, the Uruguayan identity card
Convergència i Unió, a Catalan political party
Maurice Benoit

Joseph Maurice Leo "Moe" Benoit (July 26, 1932 – December 10, 2013) was a Canadian professional hockey defenceman.

Benoit was born in Valleyfield, Quebec and started playing professional hockey in 1948 for the Montreal Royals. After a five-year break he began playing again for the Trois-Rivières Lions. He had successful seasons with the Belleville McFarlands—the 1959 Team Canada that won the World Championships in Prague, Czechoslovakia. and also played for the Kingston Frontenacs in the late fifties. Benoit helped the Canadian Olympic Hockey Team get the silver medal in the 1960 Winter Olympics.

After his Olympic success he moved to the United States, where he was a player (and also a coach) for the Omaha Knights and Toledo Blades. In 1966 Benoit joined the Dayton Gems with whom he played until his retirement in 1970. He won Turner Cup twice—with the Blades in 1964, as the player-coach, and with the Gems in 1969, also sharing IHL 1968-69 best defenceman award with his teammate Alain Beaulé. Benoit also coached numerous youth hockey teams in Dayton throughout the 1970s. Benoit was inducted into the Dayton Hockey Hall of Fame in 1973 and died December 10, 2013 in Dayton, Ohio.

External links
 
 "Gems stars biography"
 Maurice Benoit's obituary

1932 births
2013 deaths
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
French Quebecers
Ice hockey players at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Salaberry-de-Valleyfield
Medalists at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Olympic ice hockey players for Canada
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Quebec Senior Hockey League players
Trois-Rivières Lions (1955–1960) players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Omaha Knights (IHL) players
Toledo Blades players
Dayton Gems players
Hydrochloric acid (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on Hydrochloric acid.

Material Safety Data Sheet  

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.

Structure and properties

References

Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup
Temple of Friendship

The Temple of Friendship () is a small, round building in Sanssouci Park, Potsdam, in Germany.  It was built by King Frederick II of Prussia in memory of his sister, Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia, who died in 1758. The building, in the form of a classical temple, was built south of the park's main boulevard between 1768 by architect Carl von Gontard. It complements the Temple of Antiquities, which lies due north of the boulevard on an axis with the Temple of Friendship.

The First Pavilion in Neuruppin

A notable precursor of the Temple of Friendship was the smaller Temple of Apollo constructed in 1735 at Neuruppin, where Crown Prince Frederick (later Frederick II) resided from 1732 to 1735 as the commander of a regiment stationed there. The first building designed by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff, the Temple of Apollo was situated in the Amalthea Garden, a flower and vegetable garden created by Frederick.

The Temple of Apollo was an open, round temple, although in 1791 it was enclosed by brick walls between its columns.  In August 1735, Frederick wrote to his sister Wilhelmine, who at that time was already married and living in Bayreuth: "The garden house is a temple of eight Doric columns holding up a domed roof.  On it stands a statue of Apollo.  As soon as it is finished, we shall offer sacrifices in it – naturally to you, dear sister, protectress of the fine arts."

The Pavilion in Sanssouci Park

To honor the memory of Wilhelmine, Frederick chose, as he had in Neuruppin, the form of an open, round temple with a shallow domed roof supported by eight Corinthian columns. This architectural structure, the monopteros type, has its origins in ancient Greece, where such buildings were erected over cult statues and tombstones.

In a shallow alcove at the back wall of the temple is a life-sized statue of Wilhelmine of Bayreuth, holding a book in her hand.  The marble figure is from the workshop of the sculptor brothers Johann David and Johann Lorenz Wilhem Räntz and is based on a portrait by the court painter Antoine Pesne.  The medallions on the columns depicting pairs of friends in classical antiquity as well as the book in Wilhelmine's hand point to her fascination with that era.  Moreover, the homoerotic dimension of the classical couples may have made them especially appealing to the temple's builder, Frederick II, whose homosexual orientation was already the subject of much speculation and rumor during his lifetime.

References

The information in this article is based on that in its German Wikipedia equivalent.
Generaldirektion der Stiftung Schlösser und Gärten Potsdam-Sanssouci (Hrsg.): Potsdamer Schlösser und Gärten. Bau und Gartenkunst vom 17. bis 20. Jahrhundert. UNZE VG mbH, Potsdam 1993  

Buildings and structures in Potsdam
Sanssouci Park
Classicist architecture in Germany
Domes
Edgerton Park Arena

Edgerton Park Arena was an indoor arena in Rochester, New York. The building was originally constructed in 1892 as the drill hall for a training school for delinquent boys. When the school moved early in the 20th century, the building was turned into an indoor sports arena and exhibition hall. An artificial ice-making system was installed in 1935.

The first professional team to use the building was the Rochester Cardinals hockey team in 1935–36. The Cardinals played in the International Hockey League and were a farm team of the New York Americans of the National Hockey League. Rochester could have been a charter member of the International-American Hockey League which formed in the summer of 1936 upon the merger of the IHL and the Canadian-American Hockey Leagues. However, the Cardinals went into receivership before the end of the 1935–36 season and no suitable owner could be found to operate the team. Also, the arena sat only 3,500 for hockey and officials of the new league wanted a minimum capacity of 5,000. The City of Rochester, the arena's owners, refused to expand the building. This refusal to expand the building meant Rochester had to wait until the Community War Memorial Arena (now Blue Cross Arena at the War Memorial) opened in 1955 to join what by that point had become the American Hockey League. Rochester was awarded a new franchise in the American Hockey League in 1956 after Pittsburgh withdrew. The Rochester Americans began play in the 1956–57 season.

Edgerton Park Arena was the primary home of the NBA's Rochester Royals from 1945 to 1955.  The Royals moved into the new Rochester Community War Memorial for the 1955–56 NBA season. But because of periodic scheduling conflicts and the two-month-long 1956 American Bowling Congress Finals scheduled for the War Memorial, the Royals returned to the Arena to play several games during the 1955–56 season. It also hosted performances by the Glenn Miller Orchestra and cowboy star Gene Autry in the 1940s. The arena held 4,200 people for basketball. The building's last user, the Monroe County Fair, moved to what is now The Dome Center in Henrietta in 1957; the building was demolished shortly thereafter. The space is now the site of baseball fields behind the Rochester International Academy; the western wall of the building ran along what is now the far diamond's right field line, parallel to RIA's western wall. 

Sports venues in New York (state)
Former National Basketball Association venues
Defunct indoor arenas in New York (state)
Demolished sports venues in New York (state)
Sports venues in Rochester, New York
1892 establishments in New York (state)
Sports venues completed in 1892
1956 disestablishments in New York (state)
Sports venues demolished in 1956
Defunct basketball venues in the United States
Basketball venues in New York (state)
Defunct indoor ice hockey venues in the United States
Indoor ice hockey venues in New York (state)
Rochester Royals
National Basketball League (United States) venues
Aka-Bea language

The Bea language, Aka-Bea, is an extinct Great Andamanese language of the Southern group. It was spoken around the western Andaman Strait and around the northern and western coast of South Andaman.

History
The Bea were one of the indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands, one of the ten or so Great Andamanese tribes identified by British colonials in the 1860s.  Their language was closely related to the other Great Andamanese languages. They were extinct as a distinct people by 1931.

Grammar
The Great Andamanese languages are agglutinative languages, with an extensive prefix and suffix system.  They have a distinctive noun class system based largely on body parts, in which every noun and adjective may take a prefix according to which body part it is associated with (on the basis of shape, or functional association). Thus, for instance, the *aka- at the beginning of the language names is a prefix for objects related to the tongue.  An adjectival example can be given by the various forms of yop, "pliable, soft", in Aka-Bea: 
A cushion or sponge is ot-yop "round-soft", from the prefix attached to words relating to the head or heart.
A cane is ôto-yop, "pliable", from a prefix for long things.
A stick or pencil is aka-yop, "pointed", from the tongue prefix.
A fallen tree is ar-yop, "rotten", from the prefix for limbs or upright things.
Similarly, beri-nga "good" yields:
un-bēri-ŋa "clever" (hand-good).
ig-bēri-ŋa "sharp-sighted" (eye-good).
aka-bēri-ŋa "good at languages" (tongue-good.)
ot-bēri-ŋa "virtuous" (head/heart-good)

The prefixes are,

Body parts are inalienably possessed, requiring a possessive adjective prefix to complete them, so one cannot say "head" alone, but only "my, or his, or your, etc. head".

The basic pronouns are almost identical throughout the Great Andamanese languages; Aka-Bea will serve as a representative example (pronouns given in their basic prefixal forms):

'This' and 'that' are distinguished as k- and t-.

Judging from the available sources, the Andamanese languages have only two cardinal numbers — one and two — and their entire numerical lexicon is one, two, one more, some more, and all.

Samples

The following poem in Aka-Bea was written by a chief, Jambu, after he was freed from a six-month jail term for manslaughter.

 ngô:do kûk l'àrtâ:lagî:ka,
 mō:ro el:ma kâ igbâ:dàla
 mō:ro el:mo lê aden:yarà
 pō:-tōt läh.
 Chorus: aden:yarà pō:-tōt läh.

Literally:

 thou heart-sad art,
 sky-surface to there looking while,
 sky-surface of ripple to looking while,
 bamboo spear on lean-dost.

Translation:

 Thou art sad at heart,
 gazing there at the sky's surface,
 gazing at the ripple on the sky's surface,
 leaning on the bamboo spear.

Note, however, that, as seems to be typical of Andamanese poetry, the words and sentence structure have been somewhat abbreviated or inverted in order to obtain the desired rhythmical effect.

As another example, we give part of a creation myth in Oko-Juwoi, reminiscent of Prometheus:

See also
Andamanese languages

References

Agglutinative languages
Great Andamanese languages
Extinct languages of Asia
Languages of India
Languages extinct in the 1930s
Channel One Studios

Channel One is a recording studio in Maxfield Avenue, West Kingston, Jamaica. The studio was built by the Hoo Kim brothers in 1972, and has had a profound influence on the development of reggae music.

History
Joseph Hoo Kim's parents ran a bar and ice cream parlour in Kingston, and Kim became interested in opening a studio after visiting Dynamic Sound with John Holt. He purchased the API studio console for $38,000 and allowed other producers to record at Channel One without charge after it opened to build up custom. When it opened Channel One's tape recorders were capable of recording on a maximum of only four tracks. There were early problems with the studio's sound, with Bunny Lee recording an album there with Alton Ellis which he didn't release due to these issues. The problems were resolved within a year, and the first hit single was recorded at the studio was Delroy Wilson's 1973 recording of "It's a Shame".

In 1975, the studio was upgraded to a 16-track recorder which enabled engineers to record each instrument distinctly, lending intricacy to dub mixes and giving rise to the "rockers" sound. According to 2006's Caribbean Popular Music, the studio became widely known after the 1976 release of The Mighty Diamonds' Right Time. Other artists to have successful recordings at the studio include Horace Andy, Leroy Smart, The Wailing Souls, The Meditations, Ernest Wilson, The Jays, and Jimmy Cliff, whose Follow My Mind album was recorded there.

The studio's house band, The Revolutionaries, were one of the top studio bands of the 1970s with a tremendous impact on the formation of reggae music in the mid 70s, essentially driven by the innovative drumming styles of Sly Dunbar.

Joseph ran the studio and was credited as producer, Ernest acted as studio engineer, and Paul ran the sound system associated with the studio. Kenneth began producing in the 1980s. They became less involved after the second oldest brother Paul was killed in 1977, but it remained popular with other producers into the 1980s, with Sly and Robbie and Henry "Junjo" Lawes recording many of their productions there. The studio closed in the early 1990s. Kenneth Hoo Kim died from lung cancer in October 2013, aged 66.

Channel One is also the name of the brothers' sound system and record label.

References

Reggae
Recording studios in Jamaica
Buildings and structures in Kingston, Jamaica
Relevance vector machine

In mathematics, a Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) is a machine learning technique that uses Bayesian inference to obtain parsimonious solutions for regression and probabilistic classification.
The RVM has an identical functional form to the support vector machine, but provides probabilistic classification.

It is actually equivalent to a Gaussian process model with covariance function:

where  is the kernel function (usually Gaussian),  are the variances of the prior on the weight vector
, and  are the input vectors of the training set.

Compared to that of support vector machines (SVM), the Bayesian formulation of the RVM avoids the set of free parameters of the SVM (that usually require cross-validation-based post-optimizations). However RVMs use an expectation maximization (EM)-like learning method and are therefore at risk of local minima. This is unlike the standard sequential minimal optimization (SMO)-based algorithms employed by SVMs, which are guaranteed to find a global optimum (of the convex problem).

The relevance vector machine was patented in the United States by Microsoft (patent expired September 4, 2019).

See also 
 Kernel trick
 Platt scaling: turns an SVM into a probability model

References

Software 
 dlib C++ Library
 The Kernel-Machine Library
 rvmbinary: R package for binary classification
 scikit-rvm
 fast-scikit-rvm, rvm tutorial

External links
Tipping's webpage on Sparse Bayesian Models and the RVM
A Tutorial on RVM by Tristan Fletcher
Applied tutorial on RVM
Comparison of RVM and SVM

Classification algorithms
Kernel methods for machine learning
Nonparametric Bayesian statistics
Conditional election

In Christian theology, conditional election is the belief that God chooses for eternal salvation those whom he foresees will have faith in Christ.  This belief emphasizes the importance of a person's free will.  The counter-view is known as unconditional election, and is the belief that God chooses whomever he will, based solely on his purposes and apart from an individual's free will.  It has long been an issue in Calvinist–Arminian debate.

Arminian doctrine

The doctrine of conditional election is most often associated with the Arminian churches. The Arminians have defended their belief against the doctrine of other Calvinist churches since the early 17th century when they submitted the following statement of doctrine to the Reformed Churches of the Low Countries:

See also 
Corporate election, an alternative Arminian view
Conditional security, a related doctrine
Predestination

References 

Salvation in Protestantism
Arminianism
Christian terminology
Republic of Alba (1944)

The Republic of Alba was a short-lived state that existed from 10 October to 2 November 1944 in Alba, northern Italy, as a local resistance against Italian fascism during World War II, and which was part of the so-called Italian Partisan Republics, the first of which was the Republic of Corniolo. It was named after the Napoleonic Republic of Alba that existed in 1796 in Piedmont.

Occupation of Alba
On October 10, 1944,  partisans occupied the city almost without conflict since the fascist contingents under  had abandoned the city following negotiations with the partisans mediated by the Curia. The partisans were mostly from Alpini divisions led by Enrico Martini.

The partisan government
Command of the city was assumed by Carletto Morelli, while the civil administration continued under chosen local officials.

The fascist counterattack

Fascist troops gathered at Bra and Pollenzo with reinforcements from Turin. They attempted to reach Tanaro by ford after October 24 but were repulsed, suffering 11 casualties including their commanding officer.

Quotes

See also 
Italian Partisan Republics
Italian resistance movement

References

1944 in Italy
Republic of Alba (1944)
Modern history of Italy
Italian states
States and territories established in 1944
States and territories disestablished in 1944
History of Piedmont
1944 establishments in Europe
1944 disestablishments in Europe
Italian resistance movement
Italian partisan republics
Mercenaria

Mercenaria is a genus of edible saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Veneridae, the Venus clams.

The genus Mercenaria includes the quahogs, consisting of Mercenaria mercenaria, the northern quahog or hard clam, and M. campechiensis, the southern quahog. These two species commonly hybridise where their ranges overlap.

Mercenaria mercenaria is further subdivided in the marketplace and thence in the kitchen by size: the largest being the quahog or chowder clam, then smaller cherrystones, and smallest littlenecks; some markets also differentiate top necks which are intermediate in size between cherrystones and littlenecks. The smaller clams are eaten raw throughout New England, New York, and New Jersey; the larger clams are more suited for cooking.

Other species within the genus include the venus clam M. stimpsoni found in north Pacific waters. All these species were formerly placed in the related genus Venus.

Species
The World Register of Marine Species accepts the following extant species as valid: 
 Mercenaria campechiensis (Gmelin, 1791) – Southern quahog
 Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) – Northern quahog
 Mercenaria stimpsoni (Gould, 1861) – Venus clam
 Mercenaria texana (Dall, 1902)

Fossils species
Several other species are known only from fossils. These mollusk lived from Oligocene to Quaternary (from 23.03 to 0.0 Ma). Fossil shells have been found in the sediments of Russia, Japan, Indonesia, United States and Brazil.

†Mercenaria blakei Ward 1992
†Mercenaria campechiensis Gmelin, 1791
†Mercenaria campechiensis carolinensis Conrad 1875
†Mercenaria campechiensis rileyi Conrad 1838
†Mercenaria campechiensis tridacnoides Lamarck 1818
 †Mercenaria capax Conrad 1843
 †Mercenaria cuneata Conrad 1869
 †Mercenaria druidi Ward 1992
 †Mercenaria ducatelli Conrad 1838
 †Mercenaria erecta Kellum 1926
 †Mercenaria gardnerae Kellum 1926
 †Mercenaria langdoni Dall 1900
 †Mercenaria nannodes Gardner 1947
 †Mercenaria permagna Conrad 1838
 †Mercenaria plena Conrad 1869
†Mercenaria plena inflata Dall 1903
†Mercenaria plena nucea Dall 1903
 †Mercenaria prodroma Gardner 1947
 †Mercenaria tetrica Conrad 1838

Pearls

The northern quahog clam is known for producing very rare and collectible, non-nacreous pearls known for their purple color.  Quahog pearls are often button-shaped, and can range in color from white to lavender, to purple.

Bibliography
 W. S. Arnold, T. M. Bert, D. C. Marelli, H. Cruz-Lopez, P. A. Gill Genotype-specific growth of hard clams (genus Mercenaria) in a hybrid zone: variation among habitats
 John Norman Kraeuter, Michael Castagna Biology of the Hard Clam

References

Veneridae
Extant Oligocene first appearances
Bivalve genera
Su Hart

Su Hart (born 3 September 1959) is a British musician,  living in Bath, UK, and vocalist of the band Baka Beyond which was formed in 1992, when she and her partner, guitar, mandolin and bouzouki player Martin Cradick (formerly of the group Outback) travelled to south-east Cameroon to live with the Baka tribe (hunter-gatherer Pygmies) in the rainforest and record their music. The band was inspired by the Baka, "one of the oldest and most sensitive musical cultures on earth".

The Baka
The encounter with the Baka was to set their lives in a new direction. "It was the amazing bird-like singing or yelli that first attracted me, ... The women get together before the dawn to sing, enchant the animals of the forest and ensure that the men's hunting will be successful. Song and dance are used by the Baka for healing, for rituals, for keeping the community together and also for pure fun"

She frequently travels to other countries to pick up musical influences.

Su Hart founded the Walcot State Choir in Bath in 2000 and has directed it since. As well as meeting regularly every Tuesday in term time, the choir has collaborated in cultural exchanges with the Ensemble Vocal Maitres Et Maitresses of Auch, France, and choirs in Kaposvar which is twinned with Bath, and the Brunnenpassage Choir in Vienna.

In 2013, she helped to run the Shakti Sings Choir at the Glastonbury Festival, writing songs to raise ecological awareness.

References

External links
Baka Beyond
1heart Charity
Su Hart's website

English buskers
Living people
1959 births
People from Gateshead
Musicians from Tyne and Wear
English folk musicians
British world music musicians
France at the 2002 Winter Olympics

France competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Medalists

Alpine skiing

Men

Men's combined

Women

Biathlon

Men

Men's 4 × 7.5 km relay

Women

Women's 4 × 7.5 km relay

 1 A penalty loop of 150 metres had to be skied per missed target. 
 2 Starting delay based on 10 km sprint results. 
 3 One minute added per missed target. 
 4 Starting delay based on 7.5 km sprint results.

Bobsleigh

Men

Cross-country skiing

Men
Pursuit

 1 Starting delay based on 10 km C. results. 
 C = Classical style, F = Freestyle

4 × 10 km relay

Women
Pursuit

 2 Starting delay based on 5 km C. results. 
 C = Classical style, F = Freestyle

Curling

Men's competition

Group stage
Top four teams advanced to semi-finals.

|}

Contestants

Figure skating

Men

Women

Ice Dancing

Freestyle skiing

Men

Women

Ice hockey

Men's tournament

Preliminary round - Group B
Top team (shaded) advanced to the first round.

Consolation round
13th place match

Team roster
Cristobal Huet
Fabrice Lhenry
Patrick Rolland
Allan Carriou
Vincent Bachet
Karl Dewolf
Jean-François Bonnard
Denis Perez
Benoit Pourtanel
Baptiste Amar
Benoit Bachelet
Stéphane Barin
Arnaud Briand
Maurice Rozenthal
Laurent Meunier
Francis Rozenthal
Philippe Bozon
Yorick Treille
Guillaume Besse
Jonathan Zwikel
Anthony Mortas
Richard Aimonetto
Laurent Gras
Head coach: Heikki Leime

Luge

Men

Women

Nordic combined 

Men's sprint

Events:
 large hill ski jumping
 7.5 km cross-country skiing 

Men's individual

Events:
 normal hill ski jumping
 15 km cross-country skiing 

Men's Team

Four participants per team.

Events:
 normal hill ski jumping
 5 km cross-country skiing

Short track speed skating

Men

Women

Skeleton

Men

Ski jumping 

Men's team large hill

 1 Four teams members performed two jumps each.

Snowboarding

Men's parallel giant slalom

Men's halfpipe

Women's parallel giant slalom

Women's halfpipe

Speed skating

Men

References
 Olympic Winter Games 2002, full results by sports-reference.com

Nations at the 2002 Winter Olympics
2002
Winter Olympics
William Murray, 4th Earl of Mansfield

William David Murray, 4th Earl of Mansfield, 3rd Earl of Mansfield, KT, DL (21 February 1806 – 1 August 1898) was a British Conservative politician.

The son of David William Murray, 3rd Earl of Mansfield, and Frederica Markham, daughter of William Markham, Archbishop of York, he succeeded his father in 1840 to the Earldom of Mansfield (1792 creation), and grandmother, Louisa Murray, 2nd Countess of Mansfield, in 1843 as Earl of Mansfield (1776 creation).

Murray was Tory Member of Parliament for Aldborough in 1830; for Woodstock in 1831; for Norwich from 1832 to 1837, and for Perthshire from 1837 to 1840. He served as a Lord of the Treasury in Sir Robert Peel's Administration from 1834 to 1835.

Murray was appointed Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1852, 1858 and 1859. He was Lieutenant-Colonel of the Stirlingshire Militia from 1828 to 1855, Lord Lieutenant of Clackmannanshire from 1852, hereditary keeper of Scone Palace, and Senior Member of the Carlton Club.

He was appointed a Knight of the Thistle in 1843 and was for a time Senior Knight.

He died in 1898. In 1829 he had married Louisa, daughter of Cuthbert Ellison, Hebburn Hall, Durham, and they had one daughter and one son,  Lady Louisa Murray who married third son of Henry Lascelles, 3rd Earl of Harewood and William David Murray, Viscount Stormont, who predeceased him. He was succeeded by his grandson, William, 8th Lord Balvaird.

Arms

References

External links 
 

1806 births
1898 deaths
Deputy Lieutenants of Perthshire
4
Knights of the Thistle
William
British Militia officers
Lord-Lieutenants of Clackmannanshire
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Mansfield, E4
Lords High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
Dunbar, William Murray, 4th Earl of
Quiapo

Quiapo may refer to:

Quiapo, Chile, a location in Arauco Province
Quiapo, Manila, a district in the Philippines
 Quiapo Church
 Batang Quiapo (TV series), a night time Philippine television program
Hellum

Hellum (Gronings: Helm) is a village in the municipality of Midden-Groningen, the Netherlands.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1282 as de Hellum. The etymology is unclear. Hellum is a road village which developed in the 12th century on a sandy ridge.

The church was built in the 13th century as a reconstruction of a church from around 1100. The tower dates from the Middle Ages, however the top has been rebuilt in 1648.

Hellum was home to 693 people in 1840. It used to be part of the municipality of Slochteren. In 2018, it became part of the municipality of Midden-Groningen.

Gallery

References

External links 
 

Populated places in Groningen (province)
Midden-Groningen
Vishwa Thulasi

Vishwa Thulasi is a 2004 Tamil-language drama film directed by Sumathy Ram, starring Mammooty and Nandita Das. This film's score and soundtrack were composed by Ilayaraaja and M. S. Viswanathan. The film was notable for having a female director.

Plot
The film, set in the 1940s and moving to the 1960s, revolves around the emotional story of Thulasi returning to her village to become a dance teacher. She cannot bring herself to forget Vishwa, a man she has been in love with for two decades. Memories of Vishwa haunt her constantly, and upon a chance meeting with him, she discovers he too is struggling with his love for her. Both are haunted by the memory of Thulasi's cousin, a figure who is unable to control his obsession for his cousin and hide his resentment at Thulasi's feelings for Vishwa.

Thulasi comes to Sundarapuri after her guardians — her grandma and uncle — pass away, to work as teacher in a dance school. It is in Sundarapuri that Vishwa, the Zamindar whom she had met 20 years ago, lives. They meet again and the feelings that had blossomed in their hearts as teenagers, are revived. Vishwa is unmarried and Thulasi has gone through an unceremonious ritual in the name of matrimony, but fear of societal stigma and innate inhibition keep them asunder.

Sensing their intense love for each other, Pattabhi, the manager at Vishwa's house, helps them overcome their fears. It is then that fate enters in the form of Shiva.

Cast

Mammootty as Vishwa
Nandita Das as Thulasi
Manoj K. Jayan as Shiva
Delhi Ganesh as Pattabhi
Sukumari as Vishwa's mother
Manivannan
Madhan Bob
Kovai Sarala
Vaiyapuri
Kamala Kamesh
Rajesh Vaidya
Ambili Devi as Young Thulasi

Soundtrack
All the songs were composed and orchestrated by M. S. Viswanathan. Background score of the movie was done by Ilaiyaraaja.

Reception 
Malini Mannath of Chennai Online wrote that "Though one can appreciate the debutant director's sincerity to give a clean, aesthetic, lyrical film, quite different from the dance-fight-romance routine, one feels 'Vishwa Thulasi' would have made a pleasant video-album. Stretching it to two hours, is stretching it a bit too much!"

Awards
The film has won the following awards since its release:

2005 WorldFest Houston (United States) 
 Won - Gold Remi Award - Music Score - Ilaiyaraaja, M. S. Viswanathan  
 Won - Gold Special Jury Award - First Feature - Vishwa Thulasi - Sumathy Ram

Tamil Nadu State Film Award
Won - Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Second Best Film - Second Prize, 2004
Won - Tamil Nadu State Film Award for best Choreography - 2004

References

External links

2004 films
Films set in the 1940s
Indian romantic musical films
Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja
Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan
2000s Tamil-language films
2000s romantic musical films
2004 directorial debut films
ATN Movies

ATN Movies is a Canadian Category B Hindi language specialty channel owned by Asian Television Network (ATN).

ATN Movies is a Bollywood film channel with a focus on family-oriented films. It airs blockbusters, modern classics and contemporary cinema all sourced from various movie studios as well as locally produced Canadian content.

History 
In April 2005, ATN was granted approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a television channel called ATN – Hindi Movie Channel Two, described as "a national ethnic Category 2 pay television programming undertaking devoted entirely to movies presented in the Hindi language."

The channel launched on October 19, 2005 as ATN Zee Cinema.

In 2011, ATN Zee Cinema unveiled a new logo and on-screen graphics to fall in line with its counterpart in India.

On July 25, 2012, ATN Zee Cinema was re-branded ATN Movies OK due to the loss of programming rights for Zee Cinema.

On September 25, 2012, ATN Movies OK's broadcasting license to operate as a pay service was revoked at ATN's request.

In October 2017, ATN Movies OK was renamed ATN Movies due to the loss of programming rights from Movies OK.

References

External links 
 

Digital cable television networks in Canada
Movie channels in Canada
Television channels and stations established in 2005
Hindi-language television in Canada
Six Mile Bottom

Six Mile Bottom is a hamlet within the parish of Little Wilbraham, near Cambridge in England.

History
In the 1790s the only building at Six Mile Bottom was a paddock run by a stable keeper. In 1802, a sizeable country house was built nearby. Early residents were George and Augusta Leigh, the latter being Lord Byron's half-sister.
Their residence is now the Country House Hotel, Paddocks House.

In 1807 the hamlet was the scene for a bare-knuckle fight between John Gully and Bob Gregson in which Gregson was defeated by Gully in a fight in 36 rounds lasting an hour and a quarter.

There was little additional building until the 1840s, but it grew from there until there were 22 homes housing around 170 people in around 1920, most owned by the Six Mile Bottom estate.

The hamlet derives its name from its distance from the start of Newmarket Racecourse and because it lies in a valley bottom.

Six Mile Bottom railway station served the village from the 1860s (by the Newmarket and Chesterford Railway) until 1967.

Village life
The hamlet had a pub/restaurant, The Green Man, which also provides accommodation (although now closed as a pub). It had served since the hamlet grew in the early 19th century, but may also be the same inn with stabling for 22 horses that was reported in 1686.  It has a social club, on the Brinkley Road. In the 1970s it was owned by ex-Flying Squad detective, Alec Eist, who had been dismissed for corruption.

There was at one time a small school, reopened as a community centre in 1975. Christian services were held in the village's school from the 1890s to the 1920s. The brick-and-flint mission church of St George was built in 1933.

Transport
The A1304 passes through the hamlet.  There is one bus a day in each direction, on the route between Cambridge and Stetchworth; that is the only public transport. There was a railway station, , on the Cambridge to Ipswich line. It is now a private residence.

Gallery

References 

British Place Names online

Hamlets in Cambridgeshire
South Cambridgeshire District
Causeway Road

Causeway Road () is a main road in Hong Kong. Situated in Causeway Bay, it joins Yee Wo Street in the west and King's Road. It is a boundary of Eastern District and Wan Chai District. North side of the road is Victoria Park in Eastern District while in the Wan Chai District in the south are Queen's College and Hong Kong Central Library.

History
The road was evolved from a causeway across Causeway Bay (Tung Lo Wan) in the 1880s. Before the construction of the road, another road Tung Lo Wan Road was the only road connecting the two sides of the bay. In 1883, Hong Kong Government reclaimed the bay within the causeway and the causeway was renovated as Causeway along the sea shore. Its Cantonese name  (ko sze wai dou) was after the English pronunciation of the road. Trams run to and from the embankment. In 1951, the north of road was reclaimed for Victoria Park.

When created, the road was the only way to get from the Eastern District to Central. Causeway Road's name comes from "way" meaning "road" in English as well as its being a primitive road made from stone.

Features
 Causeway Bay Sports Ground ()
 Hong Kong Central Library
 Queen's College
 Victoria Park
 3 stops of Hong Kong Tramways: Shelter Street Stop, Victoria Park Stop, Hing Fat Street Stop

See also
List of streets and roads in Hong Kong

References

External links

Google Maps of Causeway Road

Causeway Bay
Roads in Hong Kong
Il talismano della felicità

Il talismano della felicità (; The Talisman of Happiness in English), written by magazine editor Ada Boni, is a well-known Italian cookbook originally published in 1929.  It is believed to be the first Italian cookbook specifically targeted towards housewives, and along with the work of Pellegrino Artusi and Editoriale Domus' Il cucchiaio d'argento, it is considered one of the defining recipe and cooking-advice collections in Italian cuisine. It quickly became a staple for generations of Italian women. The standard edition is 1054 pages long and was last reissued in 1999. There is also an abridged version known as Il piccolo Talismano, published by the same publisher. When it was first published in 1928, it contained approximately 882 recipes. Subsequent editions included over 2000 recipes.

An abridged translation, by Matilde La Rosa, who added some "American-style" Italian recipes, with an introduction and glossary by Romance linguist Mario Pei, was published in 1950 as The Talisman Italian Cookbook: Italy's Bestselling Cookbook Adapted for American Kitchens (Crown/Random House, 1950). La Rosa and Pei decided to exclude recipes that were not of Italian origin for the American edition and also included a few Italian-American recipes that were considered necessary at the time in an Italian cookbook. The La Rosa translation is now out of print.

References

See also

Italian cuisine

Italian cookbooks
1929 non-fiction books
Fort: Prophet of the Unexplained

Fort: Prophet of the Unexplained is a Dark Horse Comics comic book limited series created by writer Peter M. Lenkov and artist Frazer Irving. It should not be confused with the 1971 biographical study Charles Fort: Prophet of the Unexplained by Damon Knight, which apart from the title has no connection with the comic book series.

Comic
Fort, featuring the fictional adventures of the famed anomalist Charles Fort is a four-issue miniseries written by Peter M. Lenkov, with art by Frazer Irving. The series was released monthly between June and September 2002 by Dark Horse Comics.

Fort: Prophet of the Unexplained marked Charles Fort's second major comic outing - the first being Necronauts also drawn by Irving.

Plot

It's 1899 and as the end of the century draws near a strange killer lurks on the streets of New York. However, only famed anomalist Charles Fort's careful analysis of his news clippings reveals the pattern and further investigation revels some strange findings. At the same time he is monitoring some strange shooting stars, ably assisted by H.P. (a young H. P. Lovecraft) which leads to his encounter with an alien. Falsely accused of the murders, he has to team up with the extraterrestrial and find the real killer.

Charles Fort

Charles Fort was an early twentieth century American writer, philosopher and anomalist. In four books, between 1919 and 1932, he catalogued thousands of reports of anomalous phenomena, making important early contributions to ufology, cryptozoology and parapsychology.

Collected editions
The series has been collected into a trade paperback:

Fort: Prophet of the Unexplained (Dark Horse, , Titan Books, )

Film adaptation
On October 6, 2011, Robert Zemeckis is producing a film adaptation of the comic book with Evan Spiliotopoulos writing the script.

Awards
Bram Stoker Award for Best Illustrated Narrative (2002): Peter M. Lenkov for his work on Fort: Prophet of the Unexplained (runner-up)

See also
Charles Fort also features prominently in:

Necronauts
The Searchers

Notes

References

External links
Dark Horse page
Review, Comics Bulletin

2002 comics debuts
Forteana
Ansty, West Sussex

Ansty is a village in the Mid Sussex district of West Sussex, England. It lies on the A272 road 1.4 miles (2.2 km) southwest of Cuckfield. It is in the civil parish of Ansty and Staplefield.

Ansty has a cricket team (Ansty Cricket Club), 1 football club (Ansty Sports and Social FC) and the Dark Star micro brewery.

Pronunciation
Ansty or Anstye is traditionally pronounced with a heavy stress on the final syllable.

Transport 
The A272 & B2036 runs through Ansty. The A272 is the main route that connects the town of Haywards Heath and surrounding villages to the A23 Trunk Road. The B2036 is a north-south road that connects local traffic between Cuckfield & Burgess Hill.

The nearest railway station is in Haywards Heath, 3 miles away.

The Village is served by a bus service that runs between Haywards Heath & Horsham/Southwater

References

External links

Villages in West Sussex
Mid Sussex District
Kenardington

Kenardington is a small clustered village and the centre of a relatively small rural civil parish of the same name, in the Ashford District of Kent, England. The village is centred  southwest of Ashford on the B2067 Hamstreet to Tenterden road.

Geography
Kenardington is on the edge of Romney Marsh, which its church of St Mary (with its tower dated 1170 AD) overlooks from a hilltop. The site of the church was once the scene of a battle, being stormed by the Danes in the 10th century and it stands on the site of what seems to have been a small Saxon fort, the remains of its earthworks now largely ploughed out of sight in fields used as arable land.

Amenities and long distance tour routes
Kenardington had a village shop/post office until a date in the 1980s since which the nearest shops and railway station are in Hamstreet approximately two miles away.  The south-west of the parish is a wooded public park and has picnic areas.

The Saxon Shore Way and Royal Military Canal pass through.

References

External links

 Village website
 Notes on facilities, history
 Statistical civil parish overview - map

Villages in Kent
Villages in the Borough of Ashford
Civil parishes in Ashford, Kent
Sons of Northern Darkness

Sons of Northern Darkness is the seventh album by Norwegian black metal band Immortal. Musically, it continues the blackened thrash metal style heard on the two previous releases At the Heart of Winter and Damned in Black. This was the band's first release on Nuclear Blast Records and the last album to feature Iscariah on bass, who admitted to only play bass on the opening track "One by One", with the rest of the album's bass tracks being played by vocalist/guitarist Abbath, which is the last time he would contribute to playing bass before his departure in 2015.

The album was released in multiple formats, including a standard CD, a limited edition four-panel digipak, a limited edition metal box, a "Deluxe Edition" digipak with bonus DVD, a picture disc, a gatefold double LP, and a quadruple 10" leather box. The limited edition metal box was only available via Nuclear Blast mailorder and was sold out before it was actually released.

The song "In My Kingdom Cold" references the H.P. Lovecraft story At the Mountains of Madness.

"One by One" was featured in the soundtrack of the 8th installment in the Tony Hawk's video game series, Tony Hawk's Project 8, which released in 2006.

Critical reception

AllMusic called it "arguably one of the best black metal releases ever put forth" and a "masterpiece".

Track listing

Bonus DVD
Recorded with a handy cam by Achim Köhler, May 2, 2003 during the Metal Gods Tour, live at B.B. King's in New York.
 "Wrath from Above"
 "Damned in Black"
 "One by One"
 "Tyrants (Part 1)"
 "Tyrants (Part 2)"
 "Solarfall"
 "Beyond the North Waves"

Personnel
Immortal
Abbath Doom Occulta – vocals, guitars, bass (tracks 2-8)
Horgh – drums
Iscariah – bass (track 1)

Additional personnel
 Demonaz Doom Occulta (Harald Nævdal) – lyrics

Charts

References

External links
 Official website*
 Immortal Discography
 Encyclopaedia Metallum

Immortal (band) albums
2002 albums
Nuclear Blast albums
Albums produced by Peter Tägtgren
God Bless the Child

God Bless the Child may refer to:

Literature 
 God Bless the Child, 1964 novel by Kristin Hunter
 God Bless the Child, 2003 picture book by Jerry Pinkney of the Billie Holiday and Arthur Herzog Jr. song

Music 
 "God Bless the Child" (Billie Holiday song), covered by many artists
 "God Bless the Child" (Shania Twain song)
 "God Bless the Child", a song by Michelle Featherstone
 God Bless the Child (Guerilla Black album), 2007
 God Bless the Child (Kenny Burrell album), 1971

Television 
 "God Bless the Child" (Law & Order), an episode of Law & Order
 "God Bless the Child", an episode of Dirt
 God Bless the Child (film), a 1988 TV movie starring Mare Winningham
X Python Newsreader

XPN (X Python Newsreader) is a news client written in Python and based on the GTK+ library.

Features 
It offers a good MIME support, scoring system, filtered views, random tag-lines, external editor support, one-key navigation, ROT13, Face and X-Face headers decoding, spoiler char and many more. XPN is free software licensed under the GPL licence.

Thanks to Python and GTK+ it is completely multiplatform. It should work wherever Python and GTK work. A binary Windows version is also provided.

XPN is available in English, Italian, French and German.

ScreenShots

See also
List of Usenet newsreaders
Comparison of Usenet newsreaders

References

External links 
 
 

Free Usenet clients
Free software programmed in Python
Essential Services Commission

Essential Services Commission may refer to:

 Essential Services Commission (Victoria), commission of the Government of Victoria, Australia
 Essential Services Commission of South Australia, commission of the Government of South Australia