alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Don Maloney (author)

Donald J. Maloney (1928 Yonkers, New York – September 3, 2007) was an American author. He wrote a weekly newspaper column about his life as an American businessman in Japan during the 1970s.

Maloney graduated from the Syracuse University School of Journalism in 1948. In 1970, Maloney was assigned to Tokyo by the Harris Corporation (then of Cleveland, Ohio) to engineer Harris' entry into the Japanese market. He negotiated a 50/50 joint venture between Harris and Marubeni Corporation of Japan, and served as managing director and chief operating officer of Marubeni-Harris Printing Equipment Company.

He was a member of the Tokyo American Club, American Chamber of Commerce Japan, America-Japan Society, International House, and the Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan.

Maloney is probably best known in Japan for his humorous newspaper columns published every Sunday in Tokyo's English-language daily, the Japan Times, entitled Never the Twain...? which dealt exclusively with the experience of an American expatriate living in Japan. In 1975, a collection of his articles from 1970 to 1974 were published in Japan: It's Not All Raw Fish, , even used as course material by North Carolina State University; followed by Son of Raw Fish. His accounts of life as lived by a foreigner striving in Japan included episodes involving "Wife Sarah," his four kids (Frances, Barbara, Shawn and Donald Jr.), his Japanese neighbors and all the shopkeepers, coworkers, policemen and folks from every walk of life were grist for his knee-slapping editorial mill. The Maloney family lived next to Yomiuri Giants manager and former superstar Shigeo Nagashima, providing Maloney with a virtually bottomless pool of column material.

An example of Maloney's self-deprecating humor-
"All foreigners should total up all the money they are spending each month on Japanese lessons.  Drop out of school and send the money to the 'Maloney Final Solution to the Language Problem Fund.'  The Fund will use the money to teach English to the Japanese.  And since you will have free time, you can hire yourself out to the Fund as an English teacher, earning extra money to boot."

He served five two-year terms as a commissioner for the City of Holmes Beach, Florida, beginning in 1995.  After losing a reelection bid in 2005, he returned to humor writing, authoring a twice-monthly column for a local newspaper.

Maloney died September 3, 2007, at the age of 79.  He was survived by his wife of 58 years, Sarah, as well as his four children and twelve grandchildren.

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060112211442/http://www.weekender.co.jp/new/011102/this_week.html 
https://web.archive.org/web/20060326185007/http://www.flcities.com/membership/international/article_holmesbeach.asp

1928 births
2007 deaths
Writers from Teaneck, New Jersey
Anna Maria Island
American Japanologists
Syracuse University alumni
American chief operating officers
People from Holmes Beach, Florida
Reserved IP addresses

In the Internet addressing architecture, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) have reserved various Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for special purposes.

IPv4

IPv4 designates special usage or applications for various addresses or address blocks:

IPv6

IPv6 assigns special uses or applications for various IP addresses:

See also
 Bogon filtering
 Martian packet
 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

References

External links
 IANA IPv4 Special-Purpose Address Registry
 IANA IPv6 Special-Purpose Address Registry

IP addresses
Jondi & Spesh

Jondi & Spesh is an American, San Francisco-based dance music production and DJ duo, composed of J.D. Moyer (Jondi) and Stephen Kay (Spesh).

They have founded their own record label, Loöq Records, and are the hosts of Qoöl, a weekly progressive dance music "happy hour" in San Francisco.

Jondi & Spesh have contributed several songs to the DDR Ultramix and UNIVERSE series for the Xbox. Their "Super-Max-Me" mix of the popular DDR song "MAX 300" can be found on arcade versions.

Discography

Albums 
 1998 – Tubedrivers
 2000 – We are Connected
 2004 – The Answer

External links 
 
 Official site
 Spundae Records official page
 Loöq Records official site
 Qoöl official site

Culture of San Francisco
American DJs
American dance music groups
American record producers
Electronic music duos
Remixers
Electronic dance music DJs
Îles d'Hyères

The Îles d'Hyères (), also known as Îles d'Or (), are a group of four Mediterranean islands off Hyères in the Var department of Southeastern France.

Islands
With a combined area of , the Îles d'Hyères consist of

Porquerolles – , an extension of the Giens peninsula
Port-Cros – , the most mountainous, part of Port-Cros National Park, noted for rare flora and as a bird refuge 
Île du Bagaud – , part of the same national park, and without permitted access
Île du Levant – , mostly for military use, partly a long-established naturist community centered on the privately owned village of Héliopolis

References

 
French Riviera
Mediterranean islands
Landforms of Var (department)
Hyeres
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Yotsuba

Yotsuba may refer to:
 Yotsuba&!, a Japanese manga by Kiyohiko Azuma
 Yotsuba Koiwai, the title character from Yotsuba&!
 Yotsuba, a character from the manga and anime Sister Princess
 Yotsuba Nakano, a character from the manga and anime The Quintessential Quintuplets
 Yotsuba Group, the name of a group in the Japanese manga and anime Death Note
Synchysis scintillans

Synchysis scintillans is a degenerative condition of the eye resulting in liquefied vitreous humor and the accumulation of cholesterol crystals within the vitreous.  It is also known as cholesterolosis bulbi.  The vitreous liquifies in a process known as syneresis.  Synchysis scintillans appears as small white floaters that freely move in the posterior part of the eye, giving a snow globe effect.  It is most commonly seen in eyes that have suffered from a degenerative disease and are end-stage.

The condition is seen rarely. Associated with the advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy, but the exact pathogenesis is unknown.
 
The condition is symptomless and untreatable. In ophthalmoscopic examination it appears as small, flat, yellow, highly refractive crystals of cholesterol floating freely in the vitreous. These will settle, due to gravity, if the eye is immobilized.

References

Dog diseases
Eye diseases
Mego (motorbikes)

Mego (ΜΕΓΚΟ) was a Greek light vehicle manufacturer, based in Trikala. Its first products, launched in 1947, were utility tricycles. In 1951, it began manufacturing motorized utility tricycles with 50–100cc engines and an unconventional design in which the solo wheel was located at the rear.

About
The company's first products were branded Nigo, a named derived from that of its founder, Nikos Gorgolis. In 1962, it was partly sold to MEBEA and was renamed Mego (from MEBEA and Gorgolis); the change in ownership was accompanied by the introduction of conventional light three-wheel trucks. In 1967, the Gorgolis family regained total ownership of the company but retained the Mego name. Mego subsequently designed and built a large number of 50cc moped and motorcycle types and light 50cc three-wheel trucks, using mainly Sachs engines, as well as bicycles. A 125cc motorcycle was launched in  1968. Mego's moped and motorcycle models, featuring innovative designs, included the 50S series, the EK, the Libra, the Viva and the particularly novel GP50 Carrera.

Mego's products were fairly popular in Greece, where the company's customers included the police, the  Hellenic Post and the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization. Mego also exported its products, especially to the Netherlands. The company faced problems in the late 1980s, mainly due to competition by second-hand imports. Motorcycle production ceased in 1988 but the company remained in operation until 1992, servicing its products with parts, etc. Subsequently, it was renamed Gorgolis S.A., focusing on motorcycle import and distribution.

Nipponia
Since 1992 the company also branched in a new venture, creating subsidiaries in Japan, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and China, marketing and selling motorcycles. The brand Nipponia was established (as a reference to Japanese-style excellence) for a series of Greek-designed, Chinese-built motorcycles sold in several countries. A world headquarters of Nipponia was subsequently established in Athens responsible for design, engineering, marketing and quality control for motorcycles built in Shanghai, China. Its latest range is designed by Sotiris Kovos (designer of the Toyota Yaris and other Toyota models) and currently marketed in Europe.

Gallery

References 
L.S. Skartsis, "Encyclopedia of Greek vehicles and aircraft", Achaikes Ekdoseis/Typorama, Patras, Greece (1995) 
L.S. Skartsis, "Greek Vehicle & Machine Manufacturers 1800 to present: A Pictorial History", Marathon (2012)  (eBook)
Ch. Kylafis-Kelafis, "I Istoria tis Mego (History of Mego)", Kradasmoi magazine, July 2010 issue, p. 16
M. Arvanitopoulos, "Istoria tou Ellinikou Motosykletismou (History of the Motorcycle in Greece)", Mototech, Athens (2006) 
"Scooter me Elliniki Ypografi (Scooter with a Greek Signature)" article in K magazine (Kathimerini newspaper), February 14, 2010

External links 
Nipponia website
Gorgolis S.A. website
Kradasmoi, July 2010 issue

Companies based in Trikala
Moped manufacturers
Motorcycle manufacturers of Greece
Greek brands
Dixon Lanier Merritt

Dixon Lanier Merritt (July 9, 1879–January 9, 1972) was an American poet and humorist. He was a newspaper editor for the Tennessean, Nashville's morning paper, and President of the American Press Humorists Association.

Biography
Born Dixon Lanier Abernathy, his parents divorced while he was a child and one of his five uncles subsequently adopted him. At age 21, he legally changed his surname to Merritt, which he regretted later in life.

Dixon Merritt was married twice. He was first married to Harriotte Triplett Johnson of Kentucky, with whom he had a son and a daughter, though the marriage ended in divorce. He later married Ruth Yates of New York, with whom he had two sons.

He penned this well-known limerick in 1910:

A wonderful bird is the pelican,
His bill will hold more than his belican,
He can take in his beak
Enough food for a week
But I'm damned if I see how the helican!

or:

A funny old bird is a pelican.
His beak can hold more than his belican.
     Food for a week
     He can hold in his beak,
But I don't know how the helican.

The limerick, inspired by a post card sent to him by a female reader of his newspaper column who was visiting Florida beaches, is often misattributed to Ogden Nash and is widely misquoted, as demonstrated above. It is quoted in a number of scholarly works on ornithology, including Manual of Ornithology: Avian Structure and Function, by Noble S. Proctor and Patrick J. Lynch, and several others.  
 
Merritt served as Tennessee State Director of Public Safety, taught at Cumberland University and was editor of The Tennessean and Lebanon Democrat newspapers and later contributed a column for many years called "Our Folks". In 1913 he collaborated with Will Thomas Hale on "A History of Tennessee and Tennesseans: The Leaders and Representative Men in Commerce, Industry and Modern Activities". During the 1920s he was the Southern correspondent for Outlook magazine, a weekly news magazine aimed at rural readers. He edited a comprehensive "History of Wilson County (Tennessee)" in his eighties. He worked for the U.S. federal government twice, around the time of both World Wars, and ultimately retired from the Rural Electrification Administration's telephone program office. In 1919, Merritt was the Assistant in Charge for the Press Service at the United States Department of Agriculture where he wrote humorous press releases.

Merritt was a founding member of the Tennessee Ornithological Society. A nature center at the Tennessee Cedars of Lebanon State Park is named for him. He served as President of the Society of American Press Humorists. Following World War I he returned to the familial farm near Lebanon, TN and using portions of various cedar log cabins nearly one hundred years old assembled a new structure on a hill which he dubbed "Cabincroft" — 'croft' being a Scottish word for a place of shelter. He maintained a working farm into his seventies preferring natural methods.

References

American humorists
American humorous poets
1879 births
1972 deaths
Editors of Tennessee newspapers
Historians from Tennessee
Poets from Tennessee
University of Nashville alumni
Woollard

Woollard is a small village on the River Chew in the affluent Chew Valley in England.  It is in the Bath and North East Somerset council area and the ceremonial county of Somerset. The village is  from Bristol,  from Bath, and  from Keynsham.

The special architectural and historic interest of Woollard was recognised by its designation as a Conservation Area on 25 July 1990.

History 
Woollard had a medieval bridge with three pointed arches and double arch-ribs. This was rebuilt following the substantial damage caused by the floods of 1968.

It is close to the route of the ancient Wansdyke, and lies on the Monarch's Way long-distance footpath.

Woollard is also a traditional surname, having relations in the farming land of Saffron Walden and Suffolk.

Government and politics 
Woollard is partly in the civil parish of Compton Dando and partly in the civil parish of Publow.  It is part of the Farmborough Ward, which is represented by one councillor on the Bath and North East Somerset Unitary Authority which has responsibilities for services such as education, refuse, tourism etc. The village is a part of the North East Somerset constituency. Prior to Brexit in 2020, it was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament.

Demographics 
According to the 2001 Census, the Farmborough Ward (which includes Compton Dando, Marksbury, Hunstrete and Chewton Keynsham), had 1,111 residents, living in 428 households, with an average age of 44.5 years. Of these 71% of residents describing their health as 'good', 21% of 16- to 74-year-olds had no qualifications; and the area had an unemployment rate of 1.0% of all economically active people aged 16–74. In the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004, it was ranked at 22,100 out of 32,482 wards in England, where 1 was the most deprived LSOA and 32,482 the least deprived.

Listed Buildings 
Woollard has a variety of Grade II listed buildings:

References

Bibliography

External links 

 Parish website
 Chew Valley website
 River Chew website
 Map of Woollard circa 1900
 Woollard Conservation Area Character Appraisal

Villages in Bath and North East Somerset
The Black Company (role-playing game)

The Black Company Campaign Setting is a d20 system Fantasy Role-playing game based on the Black Company book series by Glen Cook.

History
With the Mythic Vistas series, Green Ronin Publishing moved in the direction of licensing, including The Black Company (2004) which was based on The Black Company novel series by Glen Cook. Green Ronin published the Black Company hardcover as one of several highly expensive books despite the company's financial problems at the time.

Reception
Black Company won the Silver ENnie Award for "Best Campaign Setting or Setting Supplement" in 2005.

Scott Taylor for Black Gate said "Green Ronin publishing did a D20 RPG on the Black Company in 2004 with an outstanding Wayne Reynolds cover. This particular game [...] does a fantastic job of capturing the rather unique universe of Cook's Company. A retooled magic system and some of the best RPG based war rules are included within, but again, the cover draws you to the book."

References

 Green Ronin's Mythic Vistas: The Black Company Campaign Setting (Green Ronin Publishing, 2004, )

External links
The Black Company out-of-print product page

D20 System
ENnies winners
Fantasy role-playing games
Green Ronin Publishing games
Role-playing games based on novels
Role-playing games introduced in 2004
K-Minus Initiative

K-Minus Initiative is the title of the first album by nerdcore (or "geeksta rap") band Commodore 64. It was released in 1999 (see 1999 in music). As their first (and their only) full-length nerdcore/geeksta rap record to be commercially released (so far), and it had sold over 130,000 copies in its first three months of release. Their sound and beats have been linked to that of the early Beastie Boys.

Track listing 
"Pep Assembly" – 1:55
"K-Minus" – 2:34
"Sissy MCs" – 2:42
"Health Maintenance Organization" – 4:52
"Proof of the Riemann Mapping Theorem" – 0:39
"Horton Hears a Ho (featuring Saqi4Neeq)" – 3:57
"Animal Crackers" – 2:20
"Even Do Music!" – 0:32
"It's Time for Food (Rhymes)" – 3:50
"Fruit Salad" – 3:06
"Dutch" – 1:55
"Putney Swipe (featuring Prozac)" – 3:27
"Straight Outta CompUSA" – 2:19
"Foam" – 2:44
"Poop Assembly" – 0:53

Personnel
 Smart Money "Bass-I.Q.": vocals, rapping
 Teddy Ruxpin aka "HMO": vocals, rapping
 The Professa MC Squared: vocals, rapping
 DJ Goodbeats  - Apple Macintosh: computer, electronic vocals, rapping

References

External links
K-Minus Initiative at Facebook

1999 albums
Frank H. Foss

Frank Herbert Foss (b. Augusta, Maine, September 20, 1865 – d. Fitchburg, Massachusetts, February 15, 1947) was a United States Representative from Massachusetts.

He attended public schools in Augusta, Maine and graduated from Kent Hill (Maine) Seminary in 1886. He moved to Fitchburg in 1893.

Foss was a member of the Bricklayers, Masons, and Plasterers International Union of America Union, number 19, until 1895 when he took out an honorable withdrawal card and became a general contractor engaged in the construction of industrial plants.

He was a member of the Fitchburg city council (1906–1912); water commissioner (1913–1915); mayor of Fitchburg (1917–1920); member of the Republican State committee (1915–1946), and served as chairman (1921–1924).

He was a delegate to every Republican State Convention held between 1915 and 1946. He was elected as a Republican to the 69th Congress and the following four Congresses (March 4, 1925 – January 3, 1935). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1934 to the 74th Congress, and resumed management in the contracting business.

He resided in Fitchburg until his death there on February 15, 1947, aged 81; interment in Forest Hill Cemetery.

References

External links
 

 

1865 births
1947 deaths
Politicians from Augusta, Maine
Politicians from Fitchburg, Massachusetts
Mayors of places in Massachusetts
Massachusetts city council members
American bricklayers
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
Massachusetts Republican Party chairs
Erdős conjecture on arithmetic progressions

Erdős' conjecture on arithmetic progressions, often referred to as the Erdős–Turán conjecture, is a conjecture in arithmetic combinatorics (not to be confused with the Erdős–Turán conjecture on additive bases). It states that if the sum of the reciprocals of the members of a set A of positive integers diverges, then A contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions.

Formally, the conjecture states that if A is a large set in the sense that

then A contains arithmetic progressions of any given length, meaning that for every positive integer k there are an integer a and a non-zero integer c such that .

History

In 1936, Erdős and Turán made the weaker conjecture that any set of integers with positive natural density contains infinitely many 3 term arithmetic progressions. This was proven by Klaus Roth in 1952, and generalized to arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions by Szemerédi in 1975 in what is now known as Szemerédi's theorem. 

In a 1976 talk titled "To the memory of my lifelong friend and collaborator Paul Turán," Paul Erdős offered a prize of US$3000 for a proof of this conjecture. As of 2008 the problem is worth US$5000.

Progress and related results

Erdős' conjecture on arithmetic progressions can be viewed as a stronger version of Szemerédi's theorem.  Because the sum of the reciprocals of the primes diverges, the Green–Tao theorem on arithmetic progressions is a special case of the conjecture.

The weaker claim that A must contain infinitely many arithmetic progressions of length 3 is a consequence of an improved bound in Roth's theorem. A 2016 paper by Bloom proved that if  contains no non-trivial three-term arithmetic progressions then .

In 2020 a preprint by Bloom and Sisask improved the bound to  for some absolute constant  .

In 2023 a preprint by Kelley and Meka gave a new bound of  and four days later Bloom and Sisask simplified the result and with a little improvement to .

See also
 Problems involving arithmetic progressions
 List of sums of reciprocals
 List of conjectures by Paul Erdős
 Müntz–Szász theorem

References

P. Erdős: Résultats et problèmes en théorie de nombres, Séminaire Delange-Pisot-Poitou (14e année: 1972/1973), Théorie des nombres, Fasc 2., Exp. No. 24, pp. 7, 
P. Erdős and P. Turán, On some sequences of integers, J. London Math. Soc. 11 (1936), 261–264.
P. Erdős: Problems in number theory and combinatorics, Proc. Sixth Manitoba Conf. on Num. Math., Congress Numer. XVIII(1977), 35–58.
P. Erdős: On the combinatorial problems which I would most like to see solved, Combinatorica, 1(1981), 28.

External links
The Erdős–Turán conjecture or the Erdős conjecture? on MathOverflow

Combinatorics
Conjectures
Unsolved problems in mathematics
Joseph E. Casey

Joseph Edward Casey (December 27, 1898 – September 1, 1980) was a United States representative from Massachusetts. Born in Clinton, he attended the public schools,  served as a private in the United States Army at Fort Lee, Virginia, in 1918, and graduated from the Boston University School of Law in 1920. He was admitted to the bar that year and commenced practice in Clinton. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1924, 1932, 1936, 1940, and 1944, and was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1935, to January 3, 1943). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1942 to the Seventy-eighth Congress and was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate.  He resumed the practice of law in Boston and in Washington, D.C., where he resided until his death. Interment was in Arlington National Cemetery, Section 1, Lot 761-B.

His son is novelist John Casey. His daughter Jane Dudley Casey was the first wife of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, who later became President of Peru from 2016 to 2018. His granddaughter is journalist and writer Alex Kuczynski.

See also
 List of members of the House Un-American Activities Committee

References

External links
 

1898 births
1980 deaths
United States Army soldiers
Boston University School of Law alumni
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
People from Clinton, Massachusetts
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
20th-century American politicians
D'Urville Martin

D'Urville Martin (February 11, 1939 – May 28, 1984) was an American actor in both film and television. He appeared in numerous 1970s movies in the blaxploitation genre. He also appeared in two unaired pilots of what would become All in the Family as Lionel Jefferson. Born in New York City, Martin began his career in the mid-1960s and soon appeared in prominent films such as Black Like Me, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, and Rosemary's Baby. Martin also directed films in his career, including Dolemite, starring Rudy Ray Moore.

Personal life
D'Urville Martin was born in New York City in 1939. He had a daughter, Debra, with his first wife, Frances L. Johnson. After their divorce, he married Lillian Ferguson in 1966 and had two more children. Martin died of a heart attack in Los Angeles in 1984 at the age of 45.

Career
Martin's first film role was as a speaking-line extra in Black Like Me (1964). He then had small roles in Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967) (as Frankie, whose car is accidentally struck by Spencer Tracy's character Matt Drayton) and Rosemary's Baby (1968) (as Diego, the elevator operator).

Later movies of D'Urville Martin are of the blaxploitation genre, starting with The Legend of Nigger Charley in 1972 and continuing throughout the decade until he appeared in The Bear in 1983. In The Legend of Nigger Charley, Martin played Toby, a fellow fugitive of the title character. He reprised his role in the film's two sequels: The Soul of Nigger Charley (1973) and Boss Nigger (1975).

He played Sonny in the film Hammer (1972), Reverend Rufus in Black Caesar (1973) and its sequel Hell Up in Harlem (also 1973), and the pimp in The Get-Man (a.k.a. Combat Cops) (1974).

Martin directed the 1975 Rudy Ray Moore movie Dolemite. In addition to directing the film, Martin plays the villain, Willie Green. The movie was followed by a sequel, The Human Tornado, in 1976; Martin did not direct the sequel. In the 2019 film about Moore and the making of Dolemite, Dolemite Is My Name, Martin is played by Wesley Snipes, and is portrayed as a reluctant participant in the film, with his role as director regularly usurped by Moore.

Legacy
Directing Dolemite, Martin directed a film that proved to be a good example of the era's blaxploitation movies and to this day remains one of the most popular, still inspiring tributes and spoofs today such as Black Dynamite (2009). Cultural historian Todd Boyd finds that Rudy Ray Moore's depiction of Dolemite is linked to rappers like Snoop Dogg and The Notorious B.I.G., pointing out Moore came up with the pronunciation "Biotch!", which later became ubiquitous. Boyd notes the humor in Moore carrying himself off as a sex symbol "to bed the fine-ass women who can't keep their hands off him.”

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1939 births
1984 deaths
American male film actors
Male actors from New York City
African-American film directors
American film directors
Burials at Inglewood Park Cemetery
American male television actors
African-American male actors
20th-century American male actors
Blaxploitation film directors
20th-century African-American people
Lesner Bridge

The Lesner Bridge in Virginia Beach, Virginia connects the bay area to the Virginia Beach shore via Shore Drive (U.S. Route 60) — crossing the Lynnhaven Inlet at the mouth the Chesapeake Bay. The bridge lies approximately three miles from the southern terminus of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. The first bridge in the same location, a draw-bridge, had been constructed in 1928,  replaced in 1958 by what are now the eastbound lanes of a dual span. Westbound lanes were constructed as a parallel span in 1967.

The Lesner Bridge was named after John A. Lesner, a Democratic Virginia State Senator who had earlier represented Norfolk County and the City of Norfolk, beginning in 1908.

In February 2016, a move was afoot, supported by the local newspaper, to rename the bridge in honor of US Navy Admiral Jeremiah Denton or change it to its commonly known name of Lynnhaven Inlet Bridge. Local residents and the Lesner family oppose the change and a public poll resulted in no support for the name change.

Stephen Mansfield wrote in the book "Princess Anne County and Virginia Beach, A Pictorial History," (page 151) that the General Assembly voted to name the bridge after State Senator John A. Lesner in recognition for his service on the State Highway Commission.

Bridge replacement
In 2014 the City of Virginia Beach began a project to replace the Lesner Bridge with expanded spans that each have two travel lanes and a  wide multi-use path. The new bridge will be capable of six total lanes in the future. Construction on the new westbound span started in June 2014, and was opened to traffic in November 2016.

In December 2016, eastbound traffic shifted to the new westbound bridge while the existing spans were demolished and construction began on the new eastbound bridge.

On December 12, 2018, the new Lesner Bridge was officially opened to the public.

See also

References

Bridges completed in 1958
Bridges completed in 1967
Road bridges in Virginia
U.S. Route 60
Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System
Buildings and structures in Virginia Beach, Virginia
Liberation Front of Chad

The Liberation Front of Chad (Front de Libération du Tchad or FLT) was an insurgent group active between 1965 and 1976 during the first phase of the Chadian Civil War.

It was founded in Sudan by Ahmed Hassan Musa, an Islamic fundamentalist close to the Muslim Brotherhood who was leader of the General Union of the Children of Chad (Union Générale des Fils du Tchad or UGFT), an Islamic traditionalist party composed of exiles in Sudan, whose adherents were always recruited mostly among Ouaddaians. On September 7, Mussa with his UGFT followers created the Liberation Front of Chad (FLT), the first insurgent group formed to fight the Tombalbaye Regime; that the times were ready for an insurgent group was fully understood a month later, when the Mangalmé riots started the civil war.

The next year the FLT united with Ibrahim Abatcha's Chadian National Union (UNT) at the Congress of Nyala in Sudan between June 19 and 22. The new organization created was called National Liberation Front of Chad (FROLINAT); Abatcha was secretary-general and it was governed by a thirty-member committee equally composed of UNT and FLT members.

A part of the FLT under the leadership of Mussa restaked its autonomy already in late 1966; based in Sudan, it operated on the Chad-Sudan border, but never represented a true danger for the Chadian government, especially when confronted with the FROLINAT. 

When Tombalbaye was overthrown in the 1975 coup, and Félix Malloum's new government made overtures to the insurgent groups, the FLT was one of the few that answered and came to terms with the central authorities in 1976, signing the end of the FLT's armed fight.

References

François Tombalbaye
Rebel groups in Chad
Integra-Signum

Integra-Signum is a Swiss train protection system introduced in 1933. Originally it was called Signum; the name Integra was added later. It transmits data inductively and is simple, robust and reliable also in snow.

How it works
The locomotives have three sending and receiving magnets and there are two trackside magnets near the signals.

Integra-Signum asks the train driver to confirm distant signals that show stop and distant or home signals that show caution. If he does not confirm or passes a home signal that shows stop, the train is stopped automatically. This is achieved by interrupting the power supply to the motors and applying the emergency brake.

The locomotive's sending magnet is a strong permanent magnet, which induces a current in the receiving magnet in the middle of the track, if the signal's short-circuit contact is closed. The receiving magnet on the locomotive consists of two magnet field detectors, which detect the signal's state according to polarity and timing of the magnetic field emitted by the second magnet outside the track:

Stop (home signals): positive - negative, concurrent

Caution (distant signals): negative - positive, concurrent

Caution (home signal): positive - positive, not concurrent

Because Integra-Signum can only stop a train when it's "too late", i.e. after the red signal, it is not sufficient if there is an obstacle less than the braking distance away from the signal, which is especially a problem with fast trains. To address this issue, Zugbeeinflussung ZUB has been introduced.

Despite that Integra-Signum aims to prevent accidents, there was also an accident caused by it. In 1959, an Integra-Signum magnet mounted on a SBB-CFF-FFS RBe 540 EMU tore out a wooden sleeper on a level crossing near Gland, which led to the derailment of the entire train at 125 km/h.

Phasing out 
By 2017 Switzerland had almost completed the migration to ETCS Level 1. Integra-Signum will remain in service for a few years more on a small number of special lines; one of these is the Uetliberg railway line, which will first be converted from DC to AC electrification.

From beginning 2018, new vehicles running on the Swiss network do not need anymore the class B system SIGNUM and ZUB.

See also
 Train protection system
 Integra Signum, the company that developed the system

References

Train protection systems
Rail infrastructure in Switzerland
1933 establishments in Switzerland
Universal (group)

Universal was an Australian-based boy band, from the 1990s. They released three singles on London Records with "Rock Me Good" and "Make It with You" both entering the Top 40 of the UK Singles Chart in 1997. When the third single failed to make in impact, the band dissolved.

The Brothership

However, they reformed in 2005 in their hometown of Sydney, under the name 'The Brothership', and made it into the group final of the first ever The X-Factor finals, where they were mentored by Mark Holden. Holden won with another of his mentored groups called Random.

Band members
 George Philippou
 Michael Philippou
 Adam Philippou

Singles
 "Rock Me Good"
 "Make It with You"
 "Kill the Pain"

References

Australian boy bands
Australian musical trios
London Records artists
Musical groups established in the 1990s
Goodby, Silverstein & Partners

Goodby, Silverstein & Partners (also known as GSP) is an advertising agency based in San Francisco.

History
The agency was founded on April 15, 1983 as Goodby, Berlin & Silverstein by Jeff Goodby, Andy Berlin and Rich Silverstein. Andy Berlin left in 1992 and the agency was renamed. Goodby, Silverstein & Partners is now part of the Omnicom Group, Inc., an advertising holding company. The agency is based in San Francisco, CA. In 2015, after 32 years, Rich Silverstein and Jeff Goodby announced they were passing on the reigns of the creative department to Margaret Johnson, Executive Creative Director and Eric Kallman, Executive Creative Director. Margaret and Eric were also named to Adweek's Creative 100 list in 2015. Derek Robson was the President and Managing Partner from 2005 to 2023. As of May 2023, Leslie Barrett has been promoted to President after being a Managing Partner for 23 years at the company.

The firm supported the California Milk Processors Board and GSP initiated the Got Milk? campaign in 1993. For Elizabeth Arden, GSP created Britney's fantasy reality to promote her Curious fragrance.

As an offshoot of the popular Budweiser Frogs campaign, GSP introduced the Budweiser Lizards, Frank and Louie, during the 1998 Super Bowl with the spot entitled, "Bad Day to be a Frog," in which the frogs were electrocuted by the jealous lizards.

Inspired by the famous Budweiser Clydesdales, the "Born a Donkey" commercial came from the perspective of a donkey who always wanted to be a Clydesdale. The spot was nominated in the Outstanding Commercial category for the 2004 Creative Arts Emmys.

The agency has been nominated for a total of four Emmy's in the Outstanding Commercial category. In addition to "Born a Donkey" they received nominations for Saturn's "Door Music" in 2004, for Sprint/Nextel's "Wedding" in 2009, and for Adobe's "Dream On" in 2015.

In 2006, Anheuser-Busch purchased the Rolling Rock brand. Rolling Rock loyalists began to boycott the beer. GSP was tasked to resurrect the brand back to life. Feeding into the bad press, GSP created a fictional VP of Marketing for Rolling Rock, Ron Stablehorn, who promoted all the wrong things, including a "Beer Ape" that parachuted into beer-less parties.

During the 2010 Super Bowl, GSP premiered the promotion for everyone in America to receive a free grand slam on February 9, 2010. Denny's ended up serving 2 million free Grand Slams as a result.

In 2014-2015, the agency received several awards for their work including a bronze lion at Cannes for Comcast/XFINITY "Emily's Oz" and a gold and two silver lions for Adobe's "Dream On".

In 2015, the firm released a series of Trojan PSAs featuring rapper and comedian Lil Dicky, who had been previously employed by the company.

References

External links
 
 Goodby Silverstein & Partners creative work and company info

Advertising agencies of the United States
Marketing companies established in 1983
Companies based in San Francisco
1983 establishments in California
Oral poetry

Oral poetry is a form of poetry that is composed and transmitted without the aid of writing. The complex relationships between written and spoken literature in some societies can make this definition hard to maintain.

Background

Oral poetry is sometimes considered to include any poetry which is performed live. In many cultures, oral poetry overlaps with, or is identical with, song. Meanwhile, although the term oral etymologically means 'to do with the mouth', in some cultures oral poetry is also performed by other means, such as talking drums in some African cultures. Oral poetry exists most clearly within oral cultures, but it can survive, and indeed flourish, in highly literate cultures.

Oral poetry differs from oral literature in general because oral literature encompasses linguistic registers which are not considered poetry. In most oral literature, poetry is defined by the fact that it conforms to metrical rules; examples of non-poetic oral literature in Western culture include some jokes, speeches and storytelling.

An influential movement in the study of oral poetry, both because it helped to bring oral poetry within the realms of academic literary study and because it illuminated the ways in which poetic form and orality interrelate, has been the oral-formulaic theory developed by Milman Parry and Albert Lord. This theory showed how stock phrases could enable poets to improvise verse. One consequence of Parry and Lord's work is that orally improvised poetry (as opposed to poetry which is composed without the use of writing but then memorised and performed later) is sometimes seen as the example par excellence of oral poetry. Examples of orally improvised poetry are the epics of the Serbo-Croatian guslars studied by Parry and Lord, Basque bertsolaritza, and freestyle rap.

Much oral poetry, however, is memorised verbatim – though the precise wording, particularly of words which are not essential to sense or metre, do tend to change from one performance to another, and one performer to another. Although the original composition of a memorised oral poem may have been undertaken without the use of writing, memorial traditions sometimes originate in a written text. Likewise, memorised oral poems can come to be written down, leading to a situation in which written versions in turn influence memorised versions. Prominent examples of memorised oral poetry are some nursery rhymes, ballads and medieval Scandinavian skaldic verse.

Regional and national traditions

Poetical improvisation is a living tradition in many parts of the world. Regional traditions may include but surely are not limited to:

 The payada in Argentina
 Basque bertsolaritza
Maltese għana
 The canto a braccio of Lazio, Italy
 The improvvisazione in ottava rima of Tuscany, Italy
 The stornelli and other local traditions in other parts of Italy
Rap, a component of the hip hop genre of American music.

See also
Ethnopoetics
Folk poetry
Oral tradition
Poetry reading
Sound poetry
Spoken word

References

External links
What is Oral Poetry?

Folk poetry
Oral literature
Poetics
The cream

"The cream" is a testosterone-based ointment that is used in conjunction with anabolic steroids such as tetrahydrogestrinone (THG, also known as "the clear") in order to mask doping in professional athletes.

The drug was made public when the United States Anti-Doping Agency was contacted by an anonymous athletics coach, later identified as Trevor Graham, who claimed that several top athletes were using THG as an illegal performance enhancing drug.  After an investigation, it was revealed that many top baseball athletes were connected with THG; the list included stars such as Jason Giambi, who would also confess to using human growth hormone and testosterone, Gary Sheffield, who admitted using the cream and the clear, albeit unknowingly.

When questioned about the substance, athletes said that the two substances were identified only as "the cream" and "the clear".  It was later determined that the Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative, which supplied THG, had provided it in conjunction with "the cream" in order to increase the overall steroid content of the body. It had been distributed to several athletes by trainer Greg Anderson.

Composition
An affidavit from the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) reveals that "the cream" was a composition of testosterone and epitestosterone designed to increase the natural level of the steroid testosterone while not disrupting the ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone, a common metric used in traditional drug tests.

References
  

Drugs in sport
Testosterone
Zannanza

Zannanza (died c. 1324 BC) was a Hittite prince, son of Suppiluliuma I, king of the Hittites. He is best known for almost becoming the Pharaoh of Egypt, and because his death caused a diplomatic incident between the Hittite and Egyptian Empires, resulting in warfare.

Biography
The Egyptian Queen Dakhamunzu, who could have been Meritaten or Nefertiti, but is most often identified as Ankhesenamun, asked Suppiluliuma I to send over a son during the late Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt because she had recently been widowed by the death of Nibhururia (possibly Akhenaten, but more likely Tutankhamun), and had borne no heir. Her letter reads,

My husband has died and I have no son. They say about you that you have many sons.  You might give me one of your sons to become my husband. I would not wish to take one of my subjects as a husband... I am afraid.

It was extraordinary that a consort from outside of Egypt would be sought, however, so Suppiluliuma was cautious. After sending an envoy to verify her claim, he obliged her. His son, Zannanza, was chosen and sent to Egypt to become the new pharaoh. This could have led to efforts to make Egypt part of the Hittite Empire. Zannanza never made it past the Egyptian border, though exactly what became of him and how he died is unknown.

His father accused the Egyptians of murdering him. The new king of Egypt, Ay, denied the murder, but acknowledged the death. Angry letters were passed between the two nations, but the matter ended inconclusively. Hittite forces subsequently attacked Egyptian settlements in Syria. Sick prisoners of war brought back to the Hittite Empire after these attacks caused a deadly epidemic that spread rapidly throughout the empire. As a result, Suppiluliuma I himself died from the epidemic.

In fiction

 Janet Morris wrote a detailed biographical novel, I, the Sun, whose subject was Suppiluliuma I.  Zannanza is an important figure in this novel.
In the historical fiction manga Red River, Zannanza appeared as a character. Like his inspiration, Zannanza was chosen to become the next Pharaoh after Ankhesenamun sent the letter after Tutankhamun died. While en route to Egypt, he and the rest of his party were ambushed and he was murdered. After the attack, the main character Yuri Suzuki is left alive. She then dissolved any disputes between the two nations whereas in history the Hittites attacked the Egyptian settlements in Syria.
In the historical fiction The Egyptian Zannansa is poisoned on his way to Egypt by the narrator Sinuhe who is sent by Horemheb and the priest Ay who want to prevent the Hittites taking over Egypt.

References

External links
Translations of Egyptian-Hittite correspondence regarding the "Zannanza Affair"
Translated account of Mursili II regarding the affair

People of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Hittite people
1320s BC deaths
Year of birth unknown
14th-century BC monarchs
George R. Stobbs

George Russell Stobbs (February 7, 1877 – December 23, 1966) was an attorney and politician.  A Republican.  He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts for three terms.

Early life
Stobbs was born in Webster, Massachusetts on February 7, 1877, the son of Charles Richard Stobbs and Anna Lincoln. He attended the local schools of Webster, and graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1895.  He received his bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1899, and a master's degree from Harvard in 1900.  He received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1902, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Worcester, Massachusetts.

Military service
Stobbs commanded Company H, 20th Infantry Regiment of the Massachusetts State Guard from 1917 to 1920, and attained the rank of captain.  The State Guard was a volunteer organization which handled many of the in state responsibilities of the Massachusetts National Guard during the National Guard's overseas deployment for World War I.  From 1927 to 1942, Stobbs was a major and subsequently lieutenant colonel in the Judge Advocate General’s Department of the Officers Reserve Corps.

Political career
Stobbs served on Webster's school board from 1903 to 1906, and was active in Webster's Young Men's Republican Club, of which he served as president in 1904.  In 1908 he relocated to Worcester, where he practiced law in partnership with George S. Taft.  Stobbs was a special justice for the central district court of Worcester from 1909 to 1916, and assistant district attorney for the middle district of Massachusetts from 1917 to 1921.

In 1924, Stobbs was the successful Republican nominee for a seat in the United States House of Representatives; he was reelected twice, and served in the 69th, 70th, and 71st Congresses (March 4, 1925 - March 3, 1931).  He did not run for reelection in 1930.  During his House career, Stobbs was one of the managers appointed in 1926 to conduct impeachment proceedings against George W. English, the judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois.

In 1930, Stobbs was a U.S. delegate to the Inter-Parliamentary Union Congress in London.  He was delegate to the 1932 Republican National Convention, and to the Republican state conventions in 1940 and 1942.

Later career
After leaving Congress, Stobbs resumed practicing law in Worcester, Massachusetts and became the senior partner in the firm of Stobbs, Stockwell & Tilton.  He died in on December 23, 1966, and was buried at Worcester Rural Cemetery.

Family
In 1905, Stobbs was married to Mabel Florence Murdock (1875-1944).  Their children included sons Russell (1907-1975) and Hamilton (1910-1938).

References

Sources

Books

Newspapers

External links

1877 births
1966 deaths
Harvard Law School alumni
Politicians from Worcester, Massachusetts
District attorneys in Worcester County, Massachusetts
People from Webster, Massachusetts
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
Bainoceratops

Bainoceratops (meaning "mountain horned face", after the type locality, Bayn Dzak) is a genus of ceratopsian dinosaur from the late Campanian in the Late Cretaceous. The type species is B. efremovi. Its fossils were found in southern Mongolia in the Djadochta Formation.

History
Viktor Tereshchenko and Vladimir R. Alifanov in 2003 named Bainoceratops efremovi based on a few dorsal (back) vertebrae that were stated to differ from those of Protoceratops, suggesting a closer relationship with Udanoceratops. In 2006 North American paleontologists Peter Makovicky and Mark A. Norell suggested that Bainoceratops may be synonymous with Protoceratops as most of the traits used to separate the former from the latter have been reported from other ceratopsians including Protoceratops itself, and they are more likely to fall within the wide intraspecific variation range of the concurring P. andrewsi. In 2007, in their description of Cerasinops, authors Brenda J. Chinnery and John R. Horner determined Bainoceratops  and other dubious genera to be either a variant or immature specimen of other well-known genera. Based on this reasoning, they excluded Bainoceratops from their phylogenetic analysis.

See also

 Timeline of ceratopsian research

References

Ceratopsians
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
Fossil taxa described in 2003
Ornithischian genera