alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Blue Spring (film)

is a 2001 Japanese youth drama film, written and directed by Toshiaki Toyoda and based on Taiyō Matsumoto's manga of same title. It tells a tale of apathetic school students at a run-down Tokyo high school for boys. It was released on September 10, 2001.

The film title can be understood as "inexperienced years" or teenage years, but it also can be understood as "fresh start". According to manga artist Taiyō Matsumoto, the title is intended as a play on irony.

Plot
At Asashi High, a run-down high school for boys, Kujo, Aoki, Yukio, Yoshimura, and Ota are a gang of school friends lost in apathy and dissatisfaction. They are aware their future offers limited options. Even most teachers have already written them off as a lost cause.

Kujo's gang is part of the school's illegal society, which is controlled through a rooftop game as a test of courage: the Clapping Game. Whoever wins the game gets to be the society's leader, and rules all gangs throughout Asahi High. No teacher can stand up to this society.

After a round of the Clapping Game, Kujo wins the leadership role, which excites his best friend Aoki, who wants Kujo to dominate the school through the use of casual violence. However, Kujo passively resists doing this.

Aoki eventually realizes his best friend only took part in the Clapping Game to pass the time, and that Kujo never wanted to be the school's leader. Devastated, he challenges Kujo for his leadership, and loses.

As Aoki becomes disillusioned, alienated and hostile toward Kujo, friends around them slowly fall apart, bringing their school to a series of mini violent climaxes.

Cast
 Ryuhei Matsuda as Kujo 
 Hirofumi Arai as Aoki 
 Sousuke Takaoka as Yukio 
 Yusuke Oshiba as Kimura 
 Yuta Yamazaki as Ota 
 Shugo Oshinari as Yoshimura 
 Kiyohiko Shibukawa as Kee 
 Onimaru as Suzuki 
 Eita as Obake/Ghost 
 Rei Yamanaka as Leo 
 Mame Yamada as Hanada-sensei
 Erena as High School girl
 Genta Dairaku as Career counselor 
 Kyôko Koizumi as Kiosk woman 
 Takashi Tsukamoto as Freshman in Baseball Club

Soundtrack
The Blue Spring original soundtrack rose to #24 on Oricon Albums Chart Top 30 shortly after the film release and Drop, a track from the soundtrack, rose to #13 on Oricon Singles Chart Top 30 in July 2002.

DVD
Released under Artsmagic in 2004, the DVD features extras including two interviews with Toyoda, biographies and filmographies of the main actors and a feature-length commentary by Tom Mes, who edits Midnight Eye, an online English-language magazine of Japanese cinema.

Reception
On Midnight Eye, Tom Mes said the film was "magnificent but much overlooked".

References

External links 
 

2001 films
Live-action films based on manga
2000s thriller films
Japanese thriller films
Films directed by Toshiaki Toyoda
2000s Japanese-language films
2000s Japanese films
In the Heat of the Night

In the Heat of the Night may refer to:

 In the Heat of the Night (novel), a 1965 novel by John Ball
 In the Heat of the Night (film), a 1967 film based on the novel
 In the Heat of the Night (TV series), a 1988–1995 television series based on the film

Albums 
 In the Heat of the Night (Pat Benatar album), 1979
 In the Heat of the Night (Imagination album), 1982
 In the Heat of the Night (Jeff Lorber album), 1984
 Live – In the Heat of the Night, a 2000 album by Diamond Head

Songs 
 "In the Heat of the Night" (Ray Charles song), song for the 1967 film performed by Ray Charles, composed by Quincy Jones, and written by Marilyn Bergman and Alan Bergman; covered by Bill Champlin for the TV series.
 "In the Heat of the Night" (Imagination song), 1982
 "In the Heat of the Night" (Sandra song), 1985
 "In the Heat of the Night", a song by Diamond Head from Borrowed Time
 "In the Heat of the Night", a song by Krokus from Stampede
 "In the Heat of the Night", a song by Smokie and Pat Benatar
 "In the Heat of the Night", a song by Star Pilots

See also 
 Heat of the Night, a 1997 song by Aqua
 "Heat of the Night", a 1987 song by Bryan Adams
 "Heat of the Night" (Paulina Rubio song), 2011
CO2 dragster

{{DISPLAYTITLE:CO2 dragster}}

CO2 dragsters are cars used as miniature racing cars which are propelled by a carbon dioxide cartridge, pierced to start the release of the gas, and which race on a typically  track. They are frequently used to demonstrate mechanical principles such as mass, force, acceleration, and aerodynamics. Two hooks (eyelets or screw eyes) linked to a string (usually monofilament fishing line) on the bottom of the car prevent the vehicle from losing control during launch. In a race, a laser scanner records the speed of the car at the end of its run. Often, the dragster is carved out of balsa wood because of its light weight and cheapness.

CO2 cars are a part of engineering curricula in parts of the world such as Australia, New Zealand and the United States. In the United States, classroom projects and competitions can operate under the aegis of the Technology Student Association at middle school and high school levels.  Competitions are sometimes featured in local newspapers. Students learn about the forces of gravity, drag, wind resistance, and the motion of air as a fluid. The projects mainly test the aerodynamic, mass and friction properties of a car. These forces can influence performance in a race, so it is vital to take them into account when building.

See also
Pinewood Derby
F1 in Schools

References

Drag racing cars
Daaden

Daaden is a municipality in the district of Altenkirchen, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated in the Westerwald, approx. 15 km south-west of Siegen.

Daaden is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Daaden-Herdorf.

References

External links 
  (German)

Altenkirchen (district)
Kyō

Kyō may refer to:
 The Japanese name for Koga, a Kanto gym leader
Kyō no Go no Ni
In the Heat of the Night (Pat Benatar album)

In the Heat of the Night is the debut studio album by American singer Pat Benatar, released on August 27, 1979, by Chrysalis Records. The album debuted on the Billboard 200 for the week ending October 20, 1979, peaking at  12 in March 1980, almost six months after its release.

The album includes "Heartbreaker", her breakthrough single in the United States (where it reached the top 25), Canada and New Zealand (it reached the top 20 in both those countries). "Heartbreaker" was the third single released from the album, as neither the first single, Benatar's version of "I Need a Lover", or the second single, her rendition of "If You Think You Know How to Love Me", charted in the US, Canada, Australia or New Zealand.

In the Heat of the Night also contained "We Live for Love", which became Benatar's first top-10 entry in any country when it rose to No. 8 in Canada, while also reaching the top 30 in the US, New Zealand and Australia, her first sizable hit in the latter. In France, "We Live for Love" reached the top 40, although "Rated X" had previously reached the French top 30. In the Netherlands and Belgium, Benatar's rendition of "I Need a Lover" charted within the top 30.

On Billboard magazine's 1980 year-end top pop albums chart, In the Heat of the Night was listed at No. 7. The album also reached No. 3 in Canada, No. 8 in New Zealand, and No. 25 in Australia.

In the Heat of the Night was remastered and reissued on Capitol Records in 2006.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of In the Heat of the Night.

Musicians
 Pat Benatar – vocals
 Neil Giraldo – lead guitar, keyboards, slide guitar, back-up vocals
 Scott St. Clair Sheets – guitars
 Roger Capps – bass, back-up vocals
 Glen Alexander Hamilton – drums

Recorded At
 MCA Whitney Studios, Glendale California. June '79 to July '79

Technical
 Mike Chapman – production 
 Peter Coleman – production 
 Steve Hall – mastering

Management and Direction
Rick Newman

Artwork
 Ria Lewerke – art direction, design
 Alex Chatelain – photography

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

1979 debut albums
Albums produced by Mike Chapman
Chrysalis Records albums
Pat Benatar albums
Square mile (disambiguation)

A square mile is a unit of area equal to the area of a square of one mile in length on each side.  

Square mile may also refer to:

Places
A day-to-day name for a section of a survey township
The City of London, nicknamed the "Square Mile", being about a square mile in area
Adelaide city centre in South Australia, nicknamed the "Square Mile", in imitation of the City of London
Square Mile, South Australia, a locality in the local government area of the District Council of Grant
"Square Mile" or Golden Square Mile, a historic area in downtown Montreal
The Antwerp diamond district, an area within the city of Antwerp, Belgium

Other uses
Square Mile (magazine), a magazine marketed to City of London bankers
Square Mile (board game), land development game released by Milton Bradley Company in 1962

See also

 square kilometre
 hectare
 acre
 
 
 Mile square (disambiguation)
 Square (disambiguation)
 Mile (disambiguation)
Flammersfeld

Flammersfeld is a municipality in the district of Altenkirchen, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated in the Westerwald, approx. 35 km north of Koblenz.

Flammersfeld was the seat of the former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Flammersfeld.

People from the village 
 Andreas Balzar (known as Balzar of Flammersfeld, 1769–1797) poacher, robber and Freischärler who fought the French
 Emil Bettgenhäuser (1906–1982), politician (SPD), MdB, MdL Rhineland-Palatinate
 W. Gies (born 1945), fine art
 Emil Müller (1890–1967), politician (SPD), MdL Rhineland-Palatinate, Bürgermeister of Flammersfeld
 Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen (1818-1888), mayor in 1848, early founder of credit unions and cooperatives

References

Altenkirchen (district)
List of Secret Army episodes

This is a complete episode list for the BBC television series Secret Army, which ran for three series from 7 September 1977 until 15 December 1979.

The series follows the members of a Belgian secret group 'Lifeline', dedicated to enabling Allied airmen to escape to Britain, usually after they had been shot down by the Luftwaffe. Following the timeline of the Second World War, the series shows its impact on the people of Belgium, but also features the attempts of the German Nazi occupiers of Belgium to capture the airmen and to expose and exact retribution on those helping them.

43 episodes of Secret Army were produced; however, the final episode "What Did You Do In The War, Daddy?" has never been broadcast.

List of series

A boxed set of all three series was released on 8 November 2004.

Series One: 1977
Series One was transmitted in 1977 and featured sixteen episodes. It begins in 1941 or 1942, when the Café Candide owner Albert Foiret and his mistress Monique Duchamps help Lisa Colbert (codenamed "Yvette") hide airmen and run the 'Lifeline' organisation.  The principal Germans in this series are Sturmbannführer Ludwig Kessler and Luftwaffe Major Erwin Brandt.  A British agent, Flight Lieutenant John Curtis is Lifeline's liaison with London.

Series Two: 1978
Series Two was broadcast in 1978 with various changes in the cast, including the death of Lisa in the first episode and the inclusion of pianist Max Brocard (Stephen Yardley). With financial support from London, Albert opened the larger Restaurant Candide, which was centrally located on the Grand-Place.

Series Three: 1979

References

Secret Army
Ogilby's duiker

Ogilby's duiker (Cephalophus ogilbyi) is a small antelope found in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, southeastern Nigeria, Bioko Island and possibly Gabon. No subspecies are recognized. It is named after Irish zoologist William Ogilby. 

The two former subspecies, the white-legged duiker Cephalophus crusalbum and the Brooke's duiker Cephalophus brookei, are considered as distinct species since 2011.

Ogilby's duikers weigh up to  and have a shoulder height of up to . They vary in color from chestnut to mahogany to deep brown, and have massive hindquarters typical of duikers.

Ogilby's duikers live mainly in high-altitude rainforests, where they feed mainly on fallen fruit.

The total population is estimated at 12,000 individuals.

References

External links

ultimateungulate.com

Ogilby's duiker
Mammals of West Africa
Fauna of Bioko
Ogilby's duiker
Harry Kipling

Harry Kipling is a comics character appearing in the British weekly anthology 2000 AD, created by Simon Spurrier and Boo Cook. He is a True Brit, trying to survive in a world of rampant Pantheistic solipsism aided only by strong tea and a big gun.

Plot
The story takes place in an alternate steampunk version of the British Empire (Neo-Britannia). The Empire has collapsed and every supernatural being has somehow been physically manifested. The various deities and sprites pass their time eating their subjects, squabbling and fighting amongst themselves in hopes of achieving monotheism.

They are fought by a single relic of the NeoBritannia Empire, Harry Kipling. A parody of a traditional Imperial man, he wears a solar topee, uses an elephant gun and drinks earl-grey tea. He lives as a zombie, dedicating his undead existence to the complete eradication of gods - "Proactive Atheism".

In this he's aided by Neesha, a bewildered refugee from a war-torn planet, and Klux, a powerful but unintelligent engine of destruction. Kipling discovered he is the pawn of an unnamed god who is presumably more powerful than those he's seen before and probably the one who brought him back.

Appearances

So far he has only appeared in his own eponymous series, formed by the following episodes:

 "Prologue" (in 2000 AD #1476, 2006)
 "Mad Gods & Englishmen" (in 2000 AD #1481-1483, 2006)
 "Whetting the Whistle" (in 2000 AD #1492-1493, 2006)
 "Something for Nothing" (in 2000 AD #1497-1499, 2006)
 "The Hitman and Hermoth" (in 2000 AD #1509-1512, 2006)
 "Winter Wonderbrand" (in 2000 AD  Prog 2007, 2007)

Gods

 The Family - Appears in #1476
 Sobek the crocodile god - Appears in #1481-1483
 Spider Queen of Teotihuacan - Appears in #1492-1493
 Ama-Tsu-Mara - Appears in #1492-1493
 Ornumila the Wise - Appears in #1497-1499
 The Anti-God/Atheist Commander - Appears in #1497-1499
 Bellin-Bellin - Appears in #1509 - 1512
 Hermoth - Appears in #1509 - 1512
 Christmas Gods - Appears in #2007

See also

List of steampunk works

Steampunk comics
2000 AD comic strips
2000 AD characters
Christian Horrebow

Christian Pedersen Horrebow (15 April 1718 – 15 September 1776) was a Danish astronomer of the 18th century.  He was a son of Peder Horrebow, whom he succeeded as director of the observatory associated with the University of Copenhagen.
He was himself succeeded by Thomas Bugge.

Neith, a supposed moon of Venus, was spotted by Christian Horrebow, while he was studying this planet from 1766 to 1768.  He also discovered the periodicity of sunspots.

References

Sources
Astronomy in Denmark

18th-century Danish astronomers
1718 births
1776 deaths
Burials at the Church of Our Lady, Copenhagen
Ambeno

The Ambeno was a traditional kingship on the north coast of Timor, among the Atoni people. Its area is now in the Oecusse district (former Oecussi-Ambeno) of East Timor. The capital was in Nunheno until 1912, then in Tulaica.

References
 

History of East Timor
Oecusse
Conny Van Dyke

Conny Van Dyke, sometimes credited as Connie Van Dyke, is an American singer and actress.

Van Dyke was born in Cape Charles, Virginia, to Benjamin and Charlotte Elizabeth Van Dyke.

When she was 15 years old, Van Dyke made recordings, worked as a fashion model, and made her first film, Among the Thorns.

She worked as a songwriter and recording artist for Wheelsville Records in Detroit, Michigan.
She entered and won Teen magazines Miss Teen of the United States (unrelated to the current Miss Teen USA pageant) in 1960 and signed with Motown Records in 1961, making her one of the first white recording artists for the label. Her only Motown release appeared in early 1963, featuring "Oh Freddy", written by Smokey Robinson, backed with "It Hurt Me Too", written and previously recorded by Marvin Gaye.

She was cast in Hell's Angels '69 with Tom Stern, Jeremy Slate, and several members of the Hells Angels motorcycle club. Her only sibling, Benjamin Van Dyke III, was killed in an auto accident near Salinas, California in 1969. Shortly after Hell's Angels '69 she married Robert Page and gave birth to a son, Bronson Page. She continued to pursue recording, and released a self-titled album in 1972. She co-starred in W.W. and the Dixie Dancekings in 1975 with Burt Reynolds. Another album, Conny Van Dyke Sings for You, followed the film.

In 1975 she co-starred in Framed with Joe Don Baker, and in 2004 she co-starred in Shiner.  Van Dyke appeared on Adam-12, Nakia, and Police Woman, and on several game shows in the 1970s, including Match Game, You Don't Say, The Cross-Wits, The Hollywood Squares, Tattletales, and The Gong Show. In 2008 she made a return to network television, guest-starring on Cold Case; she appeared on CSI the following year.

Van Dyke supported United Cerebral Palsy's telethons for over 25 years.

Shortly after her return to television in 2008, Van Dyke suffered a massive stroke, leaving her partially paralyzed, and marking the beginning of her retirement. Since then, she has lived in Los Angeles, and is cared for by her son, Bronson.

References

External links
 

Living people
People from Nassawadox, Virginia
Actresses from Virginia
Singers from Virginia
20th-century American singers
20th-century American women singers
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)
Hugh Tootell

Hugh Tootell (1671/72 – 27 February 1743) was an English Catholic historian. He is commonly known under his pseudonym Charles Dodd.

Life 
Tootell was born in Lancashire.  He was tutored by his uncle, Christopher Tootle, before studying with Edward Hawarden at the English College, Douay (1688-1693). He earned a bachelor of divinity at St Gregory's Seminary, Paris (1693-1697). He adopted the pen name "Charles Dodd" to spare his family a fine under the Penal Laws, for sending him abroad to be educated. He travelled widely in Europe, and after ordination he returned to England in 1698 to serve for a time on the English mission, before becoming chaplain to the Molyneux family at Mosborough Hall, Lancashire. 

In 1711 he returned to the Continent where he is said to have witnessed the siege of Douay (1712) as chaplain to an English regiment; certainly he wrote in that character a short History of the English College at Douay (1713) which purported to be by a Protestant chaplain. As it attacked the Jesuits, Father Thomas Hunter published his "Modest Defence" (1714), to which Dodd replied in The Secret Policy of the English Society of Jesus (1715). From 1716 he was again at Mosborough till 1718, when he returned to Douay to collect materials for his magnum opus The Church History of England from 1500 to 1688, which occupied him for twenty years. The work was written at Harvington Hall, Worcestershire, where he resided from 1722 till his death, first as assistant chaplain, then (from 1726) as chaplain to Robert Throckmorton. 

During his sojourn abroad he wrote and published Pax Vobis: An Epistle to the Three Churches (London, 1721); and while at Harvington he composed several spiritual, controversial, and historical treatises most of which have never been published. Many of these MSS. are preserved at St Mary's College, Oscott. Those certainly published were: Certamen Utriusque Ecclesiae (1724); An Abridgment of Christian Doctrine (s.d.) and Flores Cleri Anglo-Catholici (s.d.) 

After many years' labour the Church History was completed in three folio volumes published in 1737, 1739, and 1742 at Wolverhampton, though for prudential reasons Brussels appears on the title-page. Father John Constable, S.J., attacked the work as unfair to the Jesuits, and Dodd replied in An Apology for the Church History of English, published in 1742. On his death-bed Dodd expressed his desire to die in peace with the Jesuits.  

The Church History presented an important alternative view of history, and its primary source documents in the appendices provided a valuable resource for later historians. John Lingard was a subscriber for one of the later editions.

References

External links
Church History of England on Google Books

1670s births
1743 deaths
17th-century English Roman Catholic priests
18th-century English Roman Catholic priests
Clergy from Lancashire
Writers from Wolverhampton
English College, Douai alumni
18th-century English historians
Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality

The Gompertz–Makeham law states that the human death rate is the sum of an age-dependent component (the Gompertz function, named after Benjamin Gompertz), which increases exponentially with age and an age-independent component (the Makeham term, named after William Makeham). In a protected environment where external causes of death are rare (laboratory conditions, low mortality countries, etc.), the age-independent mortality component is often negligible. In this case the formula simplifies to a Gompertz law of mortality. In 1825, Benjamin Gompertz proposed an exponential increase in death rates with age.

The Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality describes the age dynamics of human mortality rather accurately in the age window from about 30 to 80 years of age. At more advanced ages, some studies have found that death rates increase more slowly – a phenomenon known as the late-life mortality deceleration – but more recent studies disagree.

The decline in the human mortality rate before the 1950s was mostly due to a decrease in the age-independent (Makeham) mortality component, while the age-dependent (Gompertz) mortality component was surprisingly stable.  Since the 1950s, a new mortality trend has started in the form of an unexpected decline in mortality rates at advanced ages and "rectangularization" of the survival curve.

The hazard function for the Gompertz-Makeham distribution is most often characterised as . The empirical magnitude of the beta-parameter is about .085, implying a doubling of mortality every .69/.085 = 8 years (Denmark, 2006).

The quantile function can be expressed in a closed-form expression using the Lambert W function:

 

The Gompertz law is the same as a Fisher–Tippett distribution for the negative of age, restricted to negative values for the random variable (positive values for age).

Future of human longevity 
The birth year cohorts of those born after 1950 should be the first to see a considerable delay in the historical course of death, according to  2023 research paper that draws this conclusion solely from maths. The study predicts a future in which longevity records will frequently be broken after 2073, with some prediction graphs reaching into the 140s.

See also
 Bathtub curve
Biodemography
 Biodemography of human longevity
 Gerontology
 Demography
 Life table
 Maximum life span
 Reliability theory of aging and longevity

References

Actuarial science
Medical aspects of death
Population
Senescence
Statistical laws
Applied probability
Nienburg, Saxony-Anhalt

Nienburg () is a town in the district of Salzlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is located in the lower Saale valley, approx. 5 km northeast of Bernburg. In January 2010 it absorbed the former municipalities Gerbitz, Latdorf, Neugattersleben, Pobzig and Wedlitz, that became Ortschaften or municipal divisions of the town. In 2020 its population was 6,104.

Nienburg is first mentioned in travel records dating from 961. The medieval centre of the town is occupied by the Benedictine monastery, Nienburg Abbey, later turned into a castle, recently destroyed by fire. The church of the monastery, over 1000 years old, was inaugurated in 1004, and is beautifully preserved to this day.

In 1623, during the Thirty Years' War, part of the town was destroyed. On December 6, 1825, an early cable-stayed bridge over the river Saale collapsed during a celebration honoring the bridge's patron.  55 people were killed, 60 were injured, and two people remained missing.  The bridge had been open for just three months.  A contributing factor may have been youths attempting to get the bridge to sway to the tune of "God Save the King."

Personality 
 Gustav Flügel (1812–1900), composer
 Annalista Saxo, Nienburg chronicler
 Ibrahim ibn Jaqub, traveler, first mention of Nienburg
 Odo I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark (around 930–983), buried in the monastery Nienburg an der Saale

References

External links
 

 
Salzlandkreis
Duchy of Anhalt
Studium

Studium is a latin word meaning "study", "zeal", "dedication", etc. It may refer to:

 Chavagnes Studium, a center for the study of the Liberal Arts
 Medieval university, a corporation organized during the High Middle Ages
 Studium Angelopolitanum, a non-profit educational organization
 Studium Biblicum Franciscanum, a Franciscan academic society in Jerusalem
 Studium Excitare, a quarterly academic journal
 Studium generale, the customary name for a medieval university
 Studium Generale Marcianum
 Studium monastery, historically the most important monastery of Constantinople

See also 
 
 
 List of medieval universities
Air Quality Modeling Group

The Air Quality Modeling Group (AQMG) is in the U.S. EPA's Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) and provides leadership and direction on the full range of air quality models, air pollution dispersion models and other mathematical simulation techniques used in assessing pollution control strategies and the impacts of air pollution sources.

The AQMG serves as the focal point on air pollution modeling techniques for other EPA headquarters staff, EPA regional Offices, and State and local environmental agencies. It coordinates with the EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) on the development of new models and techniques, as well as wider issues of atmospheric research. Finally, the AQMG conducts modeling analyses to support the policy and regulatory decisions of the EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS).

The AQMG is located in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

Projects maintained by the AQMG

The AQMG maintains the following specific projects: 
 Air Quality Analyses to Support Modeling 
 Air Quality Modeling Guidelines
 Dispersion Modeling Computer Codes 
 Dispersion Modeling
 Emissions Inventories For Regional Modeling 
 Guidance on Modeling for New NAAQS & Regional Haze 
 Meteorological Data Guidance and Modeling 
 Model Clearinghouse
 Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ)
 Models3 Applications Team, Outreach and Training Coordination  
 Multimedia Modeling 
 PM Data Analysis and PM Modeling 
 Preferred/Recommended Models Alternative Models Screening Models
 Regional Ozone Modeling 
 Roadway Intersection Modeling 
 Support Center For Regulatory Air Models (SCRAM)
 Urban Ozone Modeling 
 Visibility and Regional Haze Modeling

See also

Accidental release source terms
Bibliography of atmospheric dispersion modeling
Air Quality Modelling and Assessment Unit (AQMAU)
Air Resources Laboratory
AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
Atmospheric Studies Group
:Category:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
List of atmospheric dispersion models
Met Office
UK Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling Liaison Committee
UK Dispersion Modelling Bureau

References

Further reading
 www.crcpress.com
 www.air-dispersion.com

External links
 UK Dispersion Modelling Bureau web site
 UK ADMLC web site 
 Air Resources Laboratory (ARL)
 Air Quality Modeling Group
 Met Office web site
 Error propagation in air dispersion modeling

Air pollution in the United States
Air pollution organizations
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Ruth Faden

Ruth R. Faden is an American scientist, academic, and founder of the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics. She was the Berman Institute's Director from 1995 until 2016, and the inaugural Andreas C. Dracopoulos Director from 2014 to 2016. Faden is the inaugural Philip Franklin Wagley Professor of Biomedical Ethics.

Faden is a member of the Institute of Medicine and a Fellow of The Hastings Center and the American Psychological Association. She has served on President Clinton's Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, which she chaired. Faden co-launched the Global Food Ethics and Policy Program, sponsor of the 7 by 5 Agenda for Ethics and Global Food Security. She is also a co-founder of the Hinxton Group, a global community committed to advancing ethical and policy challenges in stem cell science, and the Second Wave initiative, an effort to ensure that the health interests of pregnant women are fairly represented in biomedical research and drug and device policies.

In 2011, Faden was the recipient of Lifetime Achievement Awards from the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities (ASBH) and Public Responsibility in Medicine and Research (PRIMR).

Faden was born and raised in Philadelphia. At 16, Faden was accepted to Temple University, where she studied for two years before transferring to the University of Pennsylvania, where she earned her bachelor's degree. Faden later earned her M.A. from the University of Chicago, and her MPH and PhD from University of California, Berkeley.

Academic work
Faden is the author and editor of books and articles on biomedical ethics and public policy, including Social Justice: The Moral Foundations of Public Health and Health Policy (with Madison Powers) and A History and Theory of Informed Consent (with Tom L. Beauchamp).

Publications

Books

References

External links
Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics
Ruth Faden's page at Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics

1949 births
Living people
Bioethicists
Hastings Center Fellows
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
Cannon Valley Trail

The Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for  between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing.

Points of interest on the trail include the Cannon River, wildlife management areas, a  mountain-bike trail, Welch Village ski area, and the Red Wing archaeological preserve.  The trail is managed by a joint powers board consisting of representatives from Cannon Falls, Red Wing and Goodhue County, Minnesota.

History

The railroad of Alpheus Beede Stickney, the Minnesota Central Railroad Company (MCRR), built the Cannon Valley railroad out from Red Wing through Northfield to Faribault in 1882, pushing on to Mankato. There was a railroad war with the Milwaukee Road building a branch on the opposite bank. The MCRR was bought out by the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad who in 1899 sold the trackage to Stickney's new company, the Minnesota and Northwestern Railroad, that by this time had become the Chicago Great Western Railway (a railroad better known by its slight name change nine years later when Stickney had left: the Chicago Great Western Railroad).

Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW) decision to abandon the line.

The Cannon Valley Trail contains milepost markers installed by CGW, which indicate the distance from Mankato — the railroad's original western terminus.

Related Trails

Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail
The section of the Chicago Great Western from Faribault to Mankato is now the Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail.

Cannon Falls to Faribault

The section of the Chicago Great Western between Faribault and Cannon Falls is being developed by the Mill Towns Trail Association which would result in the former route of the entire Chicago Great Western (originally the Central Railway Company of Minnesota and later the Wisconsin, Minnesota & Pacific) from Mankato to Red Wing being converted to trail use.

Goodhue Pioneer State Trail
In Red Wing, the trail connects to the Goodhue Pioneer State Trail.

References

Protected areas of Goodhue County, Minnesota
Rail trails in Minnesota
Regional parks in Minnesota
Chicago Great Western Railway
Nordic skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics

At the 1948 Winter Olympics, five Nordic skiing events were contested: three cross-country skiing events, one ski jumping event, and one Nordic combined event, all for men only.

1948 Winter Olympics events
1948
World of Lies

World of Lies, released in 2005,  is the third album by the band The Berzerker.  This release marked a change in the band's sound as the tempo was slower on most tracks.

Track listing
All songs written and arranged by Luke Kenny.

"Committed to Nothing" – 2:39
"Black Heart" – 2:16
"All About You" – 2:41
"Burn the Evil" – 2:30
"World of Tomorrow" – 2:24
"Follow Me" – 2:42
"Y" – 2:57
"As the World Waits" – 3:16
"Afterlife" – 3:20
"Never Hated More" – 3:18
"Free Yourself" – 3:03
"Constant Pain" – 2:25
"Farewell" – 20:08

The thirteenth track, "Silence", is not listed on the back cover of the album and is normally referred to as "............". Rather than the usual way of listing untitled tracks (track number, no song name), the track number is eliminated completely.

Reception

Personnel
 Luke Kenny – producer, vocals, drum programming, synth
 Ed Lacey – guitar, bass
 Jason V. – guitar, bass
 Adrian Naudi – guitar, bass
 Sam Bean – guitar, bass

References

2005 albums
The Berzerker albums
Earache Records albums
Gebhardshain

Gebhardshain is a municipality in the district of Altenkirchen, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated in the Westerwald, approx. 20 km south-west of Siegen. Gebhardshain was the seat of the former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Gebhardshain.

Gebhardshain was mentioned for the first time in the year 1220.
Gebhardshain belonged at that time to the nobility of those from Gervertzhagen and was assigned to the territory of the count von Sayn.

In 1378, these recognized prince elector of Trier as their liege lord. Therefore, Gebhardshain belonged both to the diocese Trier and to the archbishop's secular barony.

Since 1990, there is a partnership with the municipality Kreuzebra.

References

Altenkirchen (district)
Mania (satrap)

Mania or Manya (; c. 440 BC – c. 399 BC), known primarily through Xenophon, was a Dardanian sub-satrap as the tyrant ruler of ancient Dardanus in Asia Minor.

She was the wife of Zenis, sub-satrap under the Persian satrap Pharnabazus II, and became sub-satrap herself after her husband's death.   

Her husband Zenis ruled Dardanus as tyrant with the support of the Persian satrap.  When he died, she succeeded him as tyrant ruler.  It was unusual for a woman to succeed as tyrant in a Greek city state.  Like Zenis, she also needed the support of Pharnabazus II to secure her rule.  According to Xenophon, she gave many gifts to Pharnabazus II and the influential members of his court when she successfully applied for his support in her succession. 

As ruler, Mania was known for her loyalty as sub-satrap.  She fulfilled her duties as sub-satrap by paying her tributes as well as assisting Pharnabazus II's military with her army of mercenaries.  She participated in campaigns against the rebellious Mysians and Pisidians, and secured Persian rule in the cities of Larisa (Troad), Hamaxitos and Kolonai.  She attended the battles of her mercenaries in a carriage or chariot, and was never defeated.  Polyaenus, following Xenophon, describes her as an excellent general.   

Mania was described with admiration by contemporary male Greek chronicles. Her relationship with Pharnabazus II was very good, and Xenophon writes that he asked for her opinion on political issues. 

She, as well as her seventeen-year-old son, were both murdered by her son-in-law Meidias.  Pharnabazus II refused to support Meidias as her successor, and the citizens were reportedly unwilling to accept him as such. Shortly after the murder, the city surrendered to the Spartan General Dercylidas.

References

Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
4th-century BC deaths
Female satraps
5th-century BC births
Achaemenid Anatolia
Ancient murder victims
Satraps of the Achaemenid Empire
Women in ancient Near Eastern warfare
Women in ancient European warfare
Ancient Greek female tyrants
Counter Misinformation Team

The Counter Misinformation Team or Counter Mis-information Team, headed by Todd Leventhal, was part of the United States Department of State's Bureau of International Information Programs. The team was tasked with responding to alleged misinformation and disinformation about the United States government. It was discontinued after the Bush administration ended.

Creation 
The team was originally formed to counter Soviet misinformation during the Cold War.

Response to 9/11 conspiracy theories
In an attempt to debunk 9/11 conspiracy theories, the team released "The Top September 11 Conspiracy Theories" report on August 28, 2006.

References

United States Department of State
Communication of falsehoods
Bhakkar

Bhakkar (), is the principal city of Bhakkar District located in Punjab, Pakistan. It lies on the left bank of the Indus River. It is the 86th largest city by population in Pakistan. It is famous for its mustard oil. Bhakkar was an important historical city. The towns of Bhakkar District are: Darya Khan, Dulle Wala, Kalor Kot, Mankera and Nawan Jandanwala.

Administration
Bhakkar city is also the administrative centre of Bhakkar Tehsil one of the four tehsils of the district. Bhakkar Tehsil is subdivided into 17 union councils, three of which form the city of Bhakkar.

History 
Bhakkar was founded probably towards the close of the fifteenth century by a group of colonists from Dera Ismail Khan. During the 15th century, Bhakkar saw a struggle for power between Hassan Malik and Naveed Asghar. It came under Humayun's rule after he restored the Mughal empire and he appointed Khan Khanan as the governor of the city alongside Multan, as Multan was a province of the Mughal empire that included the city of Bhakkar. it is on the name of Bakhar Khan.

Fray Sebastian Manrique, a 17th-century traveller, travelled to this city in 1641 and described it as the capital of a Kingdom of Bhakkar.

British rule 
During British rule, Bhakkar Town was part of Bhakkar tehsil of Mianwali District. It was located on the left bank of the Indus River and was on the North-Western Railway line.
 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India described the town as follows:

Places to Visit

Dilkusha Bagh

There is an Old Date Orchard, locally known as 'Dilkusha Bagh' which is believed by some to be a Mughal garden built by Humayun, however Humayun never visited the area, on his retreat to Iran, he went to another Bakhar in Sindh to seek help from Mahmood Khan, which was however denied by historian Henry Raverty.

Famous things of Bhakkar

Tail Karna
The flower is used in a multitude of ways, but the most common use is to make oil. Its essence is extracted and added to mustard oil while cloves, cardamom, jasmine and other spices are also added to the mixture. The resulting product is called ‘karna oil’ and is thought to be a quality product for treating a wide array of hair related issues such as dandruff and unnecessary shedding.

Notable people 
 Malik Ghulam Yasin Chhina (lawyer and social worker)
 Rasheed Akbar Khan Nawani (political person)
Hassan Saghir, Finance Manager at PSL franchise Peshawar Zalmi & Zalmi Foundation.
 Muhammad Zafar Ullah Khan Dhandla (political person)

References

Bibliography

External links 
 

Populated places in Bhakkar District
Cities in Punjab (Pakistan)
Bhakkar District
Tremblay

Tremblay (French pronunciation: [tʁɑ̃blɛ]) may refer to:

Places
Tremblay River, a tributary of the rivière aux Anglais in Rivière-aux-Outardes, Quebec, Canada
Tremblay, Ille-et-Vilaine in the Ille-et-Vilaine department
Le Tremblay in the Maine-et-Loire department
Tremblay-en-France in the Seine-Saint-Denis department
Tremblay-les-Villages in the Eure-et-Loir department
Le Tremblay-Omonville in the Eure department
Le Tremblay-sur-Mauldre in the Yvelines department
Tremblay Park, an urban park in the commune of Champigny-sur-Marne (a part of Paris) 
 Tremblay, New Brunswick
 Tremblay, Quebec, former township municipality, now part of Saguenay, Quebec, Canada

Other
 Tremblay (surname)
Tremblay v Daigle, Canadian court case over abortion
Tremblay Commission, or Royal Commission of Inquiry on Constitutional Problems, a Quebec government report on Canada's constitution
 Tremblay station, an O-Train station in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

French-language surnames
Dancer in the Dark (short story)

"Dancer in the Dark" is a 2004 science fiction story by American writer David Gerrold. It was the cover story in the April 2004 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction and was also selected for the anthology The Year's Best Science Fiction and Fantasy for Teens edited by Jane Yolen and Patrick Nielsen Hayden (2005).

Plot summary

The story appears to take place in an alternate version of North America in the present or near-future. Following the collapse of social order in cities, the newly orphaned teenager Michael is put aboard a refugee train and sent to work on a small-town farm. Conditions are difficult because the countryside is covered with "darklines", a type of wire that absorbs light, making the environment dull and gloomy and seemingly draining all the townsfolk of vitality and joy. The darklines have been erected in an attempt to prevent the encroachment of a strange "brightness" which the townsfolk claim will cause anyone who enters it to go blind and mad and eventually die.

Wearing protective gear and dark goggles, the townspeople show Michael the brightness; he risks taking off his goggles for a brief peek and is surprised to see what looks like a naked boy of about his own age, dancing in the light. He guesses that the boy must be his predecessor Doey, who ran off into the brightness and was believed dead. Michael learns that Doey was not the only one, and begins to suspect that the brightness may not be as deadly as the locals believe. His suspicions are strengthened when Doey, still naked and glowing with brilliant colors, briefly dances into the darkness to taunt and invite Michael when no one else is watching.

Doey's joyful attitude and his androgynous beauty stir feelings in Michael that he does not fully understand, and he is torn between remaining in the gloom of his familiar world or taking his chances in the light. Seeing his change of attitude the townsfolk guess that Michael has been touched by the brightness, and decide to use him as bait in a trap. Their plan is to leave Michael in an old house on the border of the brightness and activate a new darkline to trap anyone who comes for him. Instead the brightness overtakes the house. Under its influence Michael feels all of the joy and vitality he has never been able to experience in the dark. Putting aside his inhibitions and clothing he joins Doey and the others who have left the darkness behind forever. Doey has sabotaged the local darklines, and invites Michael to join him in bringing them all down. According to Doey all of the dark-dwellers will eventually have to choose, either to join the brightness-dwellers or to die.

External links

Science fiction short stories
2004 short stories
American short stories
Works originally published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction
Water dimer

The water dimer consists of two water molecules loosely bound by a hydrogen bond. It is the smallest water cluster. Because it is the simplest model system for studying hydrogen bonding in water, it has been the target of many theoretical  (and later experimental) studies that it has been called a "theoretical Guinea pig".

Structure and properties
The ab initio binding energy between the two water molecules is estimated to be 5-6 kcal/mol, although values between 3 and 8 have been obtained depending on the method. The experimentally measured dissociation energy (including nuclear quantum effects) of (H2O)2 and (D2O)2 are 3.16 ± 0.03 kcal/mol (13.22 ± 0.12 kJ/mol) and 3.56 ± 0.03 kcal/mol (14.88 ± 0.12 kJ/mol), respectively. The values are in excellent agreement with calculations. The O-O distance of the vibrational ground-state is experimentally measured at ca. 2.98 Å; the hydrogen bond is almost linear, but the angle with the plane of the acceptor molecule is about 57°. The vibrational ground-state is known as the linear water dimer (shown in the figure to the right), which is a near prolate top (viz., in terms of rotational constants, A > B ≈ C).  Other configurations of interest include the cyclic dimer and the bifurcated dimer.

History and relevance
The first theoretical study of the water dimer was an ab initio calculation published in 1968 by Morokuma and Pedersen. Since then, the water dimer has been the focus of sustained interest by theoretical chemists concerned with hydrogen bonding—a search of the CAS database up to 2006 returns over 1100 related references (73 of them in 2005).  In addition to serving as a model for hydrogen bonding, (H2O)2 is thought to play a significant role in many atmospheric processes, including chemical reactions, condensation, and solar energy absorption by the atmosphere.   In addition, a complete understanding of the water dimer is thought to play a key role in a more thorough understanding of hydrogen bonding in liquid and solid forms of water.

References

Forms of water
Water chemistry
Cluster chemistry
Dimers (chemistry)
Seconds of Pleasure

Seconds of Pleasure is a 1980 album by Rockpile, a band consisting of guitarists/vocalists Dave Edmunds and Billy Bremner, bassist/vocalist Nick Lowe, and drummer Terry Williams. The band had played together on various solo albums by Edmunds and Lowe in previous years, but Seconds of Pleasure would be the first (and only) album released under the Rockpile name.

The album's opening track, "Teacher, Teacher", became a minor hit on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was written by Kenny Pickett and Eddie Phillips, both of whom were former members of the 1960s British rock band The Creation. The song appears in the opening credits of the 2011 film, Bad Teacher.

A four-song EP, Nick Lowe & Dave Edmunds Sing the Everly Brothers, was included in the first pressings of the LP; the songs were later included on the album's various CD versions.

The front cover is a painting by the designer Barney Bubbles, who used pseudonyms and rarely signed his work. This is signed "Dag".

LP track listing
All songs written by Nick Lowe and Rockpile, unless otherwise indicated.

Side one
 "Teacher, Teacher" (Kenny Pickett, Eddie Phillips) – 2:36 lead vocal: Lowe
 "If Sugar Was As Sweet As You" (Joe Tex) – 2:35 lead vocal: Edmunds
 "Heart" – 2:38 lead vocal: Bremner
 "Now and Always" – 1:58 lead vocal: Lowe and Edmunds
 "A Knife and a Fork" (Kip Anderson, Isaiah Hennie, Charles Derrick) – 3:18 lead vocal: Edmunds
 "Play That Fast Thing (One More Time)" (Lowe) – 4:13 lead vocal: Lowe

Side two
 "Wrong Again (Let's Face It)" (Chris Difford, Glenn Tilbrook) – 2:23 lead vocal: Edmunds
 "Pet You and Hold You" – 3:13 lead vocal: Lowe
 "Oh What a Thrill" (Chuck Berry) – 3:06 lead vocal: Edmunds
 "When I Write the Book" – 3:17 lead vocal: Lowe
 "Fool Too Long" – 2:51 lead vocal: Edmunds
 "You Ain't Nothin' But Fine" (Sidney Simien, Floyd Soileau) – 2:54 lead vocal: Bremner

Bonus EP tracks (Nick Lowe & Dave Edmunds Sing The Everly Brothers)
produced by Nick Lowe & Dave Edmunds
 "Take a Message to Mary" (Felice Bryant, Boudleaux Bryant) – 2:28
 "Crying in the Rain" (Howard Greenfield, Carole King) – 2:04
 "Poor Jenny" (Felice Bryant, Boudleaux Bryant) – 2:28
 "When Will I Be Loved" (Phil Everly) – 2:14

CD reissue bonus tracks (2004)
 "Back to Schooldays" [Live] (Graham Parker) – 3:31 produced by Jeff Griffin
 "They Called It Rock" [Live] – 3:20 produced by Jeff Griffin
 "Crawling from the Wreckage" [Live] (Parker) – 3:07 produced by Chris Thomas

Personnel
Billy Bremner – guitar, vocals
Dave Edmunds – guitar, vocals, piano, organ
Nick Lowe – bass, vocals
Terry Williams – drums
Aldo Bocca – engineer

Charts
Album

Single

References

Albums produced by Nick Lowe
Albums produced by Dave Edmunds
1980 debut albums
Rockpile albums
Columbia Records albums