alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
The Bohemian (Bouguereau)

The Bohemian is a painting by William-Adolphe Bouguereau completed in 1890. It depicts a barefooted young woman sitting on a concrete bench on the south bank of the Seine across from Notre Dame de Paris resting a violin in her lap. Her right arm is resting on her thigh while the palm of her left hand is pressed down on her left knee so that she does not lean on the violin. Her hands are clasped with the fingers pointing forward while her shoulders are wrapped in a shawl dyed maroon and light green, and she is wearing a gray dress that extends to her ankles. The bow of the violin has been stuck through diagonally under the fingerboard. To her right is a maple tree.

The subject is a model employed by Bouguereau for this and other paintings, including The Shepherdess.

It was owned by the Minneapolis Institute of Art until 2004 when it was auctioned by Christie's to benefit the acquisition fund.

References

Paintings by William-Adolphe Bouguereau
1890 paintings
Musical instruments in art
Notre-Dame de Paris
Churches in art
Bridges in art
Karl Fleming

Karl Fleming (August 30, 1927 – August 11, 2012) was an American journalist who made a significant contribution to the Civil Rights Movement through his work for Newsweek magazine in the 1960s. Fleming was born in Newport News, Virginia in 1927.

Early life
When he was a baby, his father died. His mother remarried and had a daughter with her new husband. At the age of 6, his stepfather died and soon after his mother was diagnosed with tuberculosis. Fleming and his half sister were forced to go into an orphanage.  Fleming has claimed that his experiences as a young boy in the orphanage encouraged a hatred of bullies and a support for the underdog that influenced his position on the civil rights struggle.

Education
Fleming attended college for two years and in 1945 joined the US Navy.

Career
After his serving in the Navy, Fleming worked at local newspapers and eventually worked his way up to becoming a reporter for The Atlanta Constitution Magazine. In 1961, having worked as a stringer for Newsweek for a number of months, he was hired by the magazine as a permanent correspondent in their Atlanta Bureau when Bill Emerson, formerly Atlanta Bureau Chief, was promoted.
During his career as a journalist, Fleming risked his life covering James Meredith's entry into the University of Mississippi and also in 1964 when he covered the deaths of three civil rights workers in Philadelphia, Mississippi. After a brief stint at the Houston Bureau, Fleming was promoted to chief of Newsweek's Los Angeles Bureau. Whilst in this post, Fleming not only covered the Watts riots of 1965 but was also severely beaten during a later flare-up of tension in LA's southern black neighborhood in 1966. In 1972 two men used counterfeit 20-dollar bills printed with DB Cooper serial numbers to swindle $30,000 from  Karl Fleming who was then working for Newsweek in exchange for an interview with a man they falsely claimed was the hijacker.

Personal life
Fleming's first wife was Sandra Sisk and his second wife was Anne Taylor Fleming. He has four sons named Chas, David, Russell, and Mark and eight grandchildren. Sisk died in 2007.

Death
He died at his Los Angeles home in 2012 of respiratory complications at the age of 84.

Bibliography

 The First Time: Famous People Tell about Their First Sexual Experience (1975), with Anne Taylor Fleming. Simon & Schuster
 Son Of The Rough South: An Uncivil Memoir (2005)

References

Newsweek people
1927 births
2012 deaths
American male journalists
IIFA Award for Best Film

The IIFA Award for Best Film is chosen via a worldwide poll and the winner is announced at the ceremony. UTV Motion Pictures won 3 awards each, followed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali & Yash Chopra with 2 awards each.

Winners and nominees

2010's

2018 (19th)

2019 (20th)

2020's
2020 (21st)

2022 (22nd)

2023 (23rd)

References

External links 
 Official site

International Indian Film Academy Awards
Awards for best film
Frederic C. Walcott

Frederic Collin Walcott (February 19, 1869April 27, 1949) was a United States senator from Connecticut.

Biography
Born in New York Mills, Oneida County, New York, the son of William Stuart Walcott and Emeline Alice Welch Walcott, Walcott attended the public schools of Utica, New York and graduated from Lawrenceville School (Lawrenceville, New Jersey) in 1886, from Phillips Academy (Andover, Massachusetts) in 1887, and from Yale University in 1891, where he was a member of Skull and Bones. He married Frances Dana Archbold February 14, 1899, and she died the same year. He married Mary Hussey Guthrie on April 3, 1907, in Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.

He was the nephew of William H. Welch.

Career
Walcott moved to New York City in 1907 and engaged in the manufacture of cotton cloth and banking. When Walcott moved to Norfolk, Connecticut, in 1910, he continued his business connections in New York City until 1921, when he retired from active business pursuits.

During the First World War, Walcott served with the United States Food Administration as assistant to Herbert Hoover; he was decorated by the government of France with the Legion of Honor and by Poland with the Officer's Cross. He was president of the Connecticut Board of Fisheries and Game from 1923 to 1928 and chairman of the Connecticut Water Commission from 1925 to 1928.  He was a delegate to Republican National Convention from Connecticut in 1924, 1928, and 1932.

Walcott was a member of the state senate from 1925 to 1929, serving as president pro tempore from 1927 to 1929. He was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate and served from March 4, 1929, to January 3, 1935,  and was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1934.

From 1935 to 1939, Walcott was commissioner of welfare of Connecticut, and a member of the advisory committee of the Human Welfare Group of Yale University from 1920 to 1948, and of Bethume Cookman College, Daytona, Florida, from 1922 to 1948. He also served as regent of the Smithsonian Institution from 1941 to 1948.

Death
Walcott died in Stamford, Connecticut on April 27, 1949, (age 80 years, 67 days). He is interred at New Milford Center Cemetery in New Milford.

References

External links 
 Frederic Collin Walcott papers (MS 529). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. 

Govtrack US Congress

1869 births
1949 deaths
Lawrenceville School alumni
Phillips Academy alumni
Republican Party United States senators from Connecticut
Yale University alumni
Republican Party Connecticut state senators
Presidents pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate
People from New York Mills, New York
People from Norfolk, Connecticut
Members of Skull and Bones
Dave Szott

David Andrew Szott (born December 12, 1967) is a former professional American football offensive lineman.

Szott was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the seventh round of the 1990 NFL Draft. Szott played 14 years in the National Football League for the Kansas City Chiefs, the Washington Redskins, and the New York Jets, before retiring from football in February 2004.  He remained with the Jets as an offensive line coach and in player development.  Szott became the team's chaplain in 2006.

Szott played college football at Penn State for legendary football coach Joe Paterno.

Szott grew up in Clifton, New Jersey, and was a standout player at Clifton High School in New Jersey.  He was also a standout high school wrestler in New Jersey placing fourth in the heavyweight division of the 1986 USA Wrestling Junior Freestyle Tournament.  Szott was undefeated until the round robin portion where he was pinned by eventual champion John Matyiko of Virginia.  Szott then was pinned by Carl Presley of Illinois in the semi-finals and settled for fourth place while losing by fall to Jon Morris of Virginia.

Personal life
Szott and his wife, Andrea, have two children, the older, Shane, suffers from cerebral palsy.  He is a tireless fundraiser for charitable causes related to the disorder. Josh, the youngest is 20 years old and plays wide receiver for Colgate University.

References

External links
"NY Jets' Dave Szott Honored as 'Hometown Hero'", United Way Press Release, May 1, 2003

1967 births
Living people
American football offensive guards
Clifton High School (New Jersey) alumni
Kansas City Chiefs players
New York Jets players
New York Jets coaches
Penn State Nittany Lions football players
Sportspeople from Clifton, New Jersey
Sportspeople from Passaic, New Jersey
Players of American football from Passaic County, New Jersey
Washington Redskins players
Claus Peter Flor

Claus Peter Flor (born 16 March 1953, Leipzig) is a German conductor.

Flor studied violin and clarinet at the Robert Schumann Conservatory in Zwickau.  He continued his music studies at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Weimar and the HMT Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy in Leipzig.  He was later a conducting student with Rolf Reuter and with Kurt Masur.

Flor was chief conductor of the Suhl Philharmonic Orchestra from 1981 to 1984.  Flor served as chief conductor of the Konzerthausorchester Berlin from 1984 to 1991.  He was artistic advisor and principal guest conductor to the Tonhalle Orchestra Zürich from 1991 to 1996.  He was principal guest conductor of the Philharmonia Orchestra from 1991 to 1994, and became principal guest conductor of the Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi in 2003.  In April 2017, Het Gelders Orkest announced that they had secured the services of Flor for an extended guest conductor relationship, without the formal conferring of a title such as 'principal guest conductor'.  In June 2017, the Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi announced the appointment of Flor as its next music director, effective with the 2017-2018 season, with an initial contract of 3 years.
 
Outside of Europe, Flor served as principal guest conductor with the Dallas Symphony Orchestra from 1999 to 2008.  From 2008 to 2014, Flor was music director of the Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra. During his tenure, he oversaw controversial sackings of nine key musicians of the orchestra, which culminated in a call by the International Federation of Musicians for an international boycott against auditions held by the orchestra.

References

External links
 IMG Artists agency biography of Claus Peter Flor

1953 births
Living people
German male conductors (music)
Musicians from Leipzig
21st-century German conductors (music)
21st-century German male musicians
Gordon McPherson

Gordon McPherson (born 1965) is a Scottish composer.

McPherson was born in Dundee. He studied at the University of York, England, returning there for his doctorate, continuing with post-doctoral research at the Royal Northern College of Music.

MacPherson has composed almost 100 pieces (as of 2006). His work has been performed and broadcast widely throughout the world. Recent works have included Kamperduin, a second work for the Royal Scottish National Orchestra, commissioned to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the 1797 Battle of Camperdown; Friends in Strange Places, a new chamber work recorded for the inauguration of Dundee Contemporary Arts; a second study for guitar, Miami, premiered at the Wigmore Hall in 1998 and Detours, commissioned by the Hebrides Ensemble.

The Baby Bear's Bed for Icebreaker was premiered in Vienna in October 1999 and has subsequently received performances in Belgium, the Netherlands, Slovakia and the United Kingdom. It has also been recorded by Icebreaker on their Extraction album.

Other recent works include South for the National Youth Orchestra of Scotland, a seventh movement for his Handguns, a suite for Psappha, a third string quartet for the Salisbury Festival and a third study for the Bath International Guitar Festival.

He has been in demand both as a teacher and lecturer and is currently head of composition at the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland.

References

External links
Digitised scores of his musical works can be viewed through the Five Centuries of Scottish Music collection hosted by AHDS Performing Arts

1965 births
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Academics of the University of St Andrews
Alumni of the University of York
Living people
Scottish classical composers
British male classical composers
20th-century Scottish musicians
Musicians from Dundee
20th-century British composers
20th-century British male musicians
21st-century British male musicians
A Time Odyssey

A Time Odyssey is a series of novels co-written by Arthur C. Clarke (author of the 1968 novel 2001: A Space Odyssey) and Stephen Baxter.  , the series consists of:
Vol. 1 – Time's Eye (3 March 2003)
Vol. 2 – Sunstorm (29 March 2005)
Vol. 3 – Firstborn (26 December 2007)

The 2008 Gollancz edition of the most recent book describes itself on the cover as the "Conclusion" of the series, but the plot is not concluded in the book. The immediate threat is averted but the enemy is not defeated, suggesting that further novels in the series were intended. Arthur Clarke, one of the two authors, died in March 2008 soon after the book was published and there have been no further books in the series.

Premise
The story is based on Clarke's previous Space Odyssey novel series. In the introduction to the Time's Eye, Clarke describes the premise as "neither a prequel nor a sequel" to Space Odyssey, but an "orthoquel" (a neologism coined by Clarke for this purpose, combining the word sequel with ortho-, the Greek prefix meaning "straight" or "perpendicular", and alluding to the fact that time is orthogonal to space in relativity theory). In Space Odyssey, a race of benevolent godlike aliens with highly advanced technology decides to use machines called "monoliths" to travel across the galaxy with the intention to ensure the survival chances of intelligent life (including Earth) and "test" and "weed out" species that have no possibility for intelligence.

In the Time Odyssey series, not-so-benevolent godlike aliens start an endless mission to regulate the development of sentient life throughout the known universe, in order to prevent all other species from harnessing too much of its energy, which would only accelerate the inevitable heat death of the universe. Consequently, these "Firstborn" are destroying other intelligent species. To preserve a record of these eradicated species, the Firstborn create a new alternate universe containing the species' home world in different time periods.
This preservation universe is the main plot of the first book, Time's Eye. Time periods in Earth's history are taken and reassembled. The periods seem to date from 2.5 million years ago to June 8, 2037. Characters caught up in this include Bisesa from 2037, Rudyard Kipling from 1885, the hordes of Genghis Khan from the thirteenth century and the army of Alexander the Great from the fourth century B.C. This patch-work Earth is later rechristened Mir, Russian for Peace and World. The second book opens with Bisesa being taken from Mir and placed in her London flat on June 9, 2037. It follows the building of the Shield on April 20, 2042, to the opening of the first space elevator in 2047. The last book switches between Mir—years 32 to 35, Mars and Earth—years 2069 to 2072.

References

Novels by Arthur C. Clarke
Stephen Baxter series
Book series introduced in 2003
KDPI

KDPI may refer to:

 KDPI (FM), a radio station (88.5 FM) licensed to serve Ketchum, Idaho, United States
 Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan
Schieder-Schwalenberg

Schieder-Schwalenberg (Low German: Schüer-Schwalenberg) is a town in the Lippe district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately  east of Detmold.

It consists of 8 communes, which have been combined to a town in 1970. The names of the communes are Schieder, Brakelsiek, Schwalenberg, Lothe, Ruensiek, Wöbbel, Siekholz and Kreienberg, the district Schieder together with Glashütte is a Kneipp health resort. Together they have c. 8,400 residents (2020).

Geography
Schieder-Schwalenberg is located between the Teutoburger Wald and the Weserbergland. The district of Schieder is situated on the banks of Schiedersee, an artificial lake that is fed and drained by the River Emmer.

Coat of arms
The swallow on the red ground depicts Schwalenberg's municipal coat of arms.
On the blue ground the crown represents the summer residence of the House of Lippe, the castle at Schieder. The white line in between represents the River Emmer.

Economy
The main industrial sector is the furniture industry. Schieder Möbel are the main producer of furniture. Apart from the furniture branch tourism plays an important part in the economy. Tourists, mainly from Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands, often come to rent holiday flats for a short break. The Schiedersee and the Glashütte district attract many visitors.

History 

The County of Schwalenberg was first mentioned with count Widekind I in 1127. The original seat of the counts had been Oldenburg Castle at Marienmünster. The monastery of Marienmünster was founded by the counts in 1128. Schwalenberg Castle was built between 1228 and 1231 by count Volkwin III. During the 13th century the territory of the counts was split between several branches, creating the county of Schwalenberg itself (then mainly restricted to a small territory around Schwalenberg Castle), the county of Pyrmont (existing from 1194 until 1495), the county of Waldeck (existing as a principality until 1918) and the county of Sternberg (existing from 1243 until 1377, later disputed between the counts of Schaumburg and the counts of Lippe). When the Schwalenberg branch extinguished in 1365, its territory was divided between the House of Lippe (which used Schwalenberg Castle as a seat of junior branches and later distributed parts of the county to its branches Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Weissenfeld), and the Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn.

References

External links

 Official Website of Schieder-Schwalenberg 
 Schiedersee 
 Website of the TuS 08 Brakelsiek Football Club in Schieder-Schwalenberg 

Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Lippe
Principality of Lippe
IIFA Award for Best Male Playback Singer

The IIFA Award for Best Male Playback Singer is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the ceremony. Arijit Singh holds the record for most wins in this category (5). Singh also holds the record for most nominations (15). Udit Narayan was first ever winner of the award in first edition of the award ceremony in 2000.

Superlatives

List of winners
† - indicates the performance also won the Filmfare Award‡ - indicates the performance was also nominated for the Filmfare Award

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also 
 IIFA Awards

References

External links 
Official site

International Indian Film Academy Awards
Indian music awards
Lamborghini LM003

The Lamborghini LM003 was a very short-lived offroad prototype project designed and built by Lamborghini in an attempt to meet military needs. It was virtually identical to the LM002, but instead of the V12 Lamborghini engine, it utilized a 5-cylinder, , 3.6L turbocharged diesel engine provided by VM Motori. The engine was determined to be entirely insufficient to power the 2600 kg (5700 lb) vehicle and the project was abandoned.

Another model that may have been dubbed the LM003 was developed when Lamborghini was under the ownership of Megatech. They realized that the LM002 was a steady and consistent seller, so they wanted to bring it back into production with an updated design. It was to have been named the Borneo or Galileo, to differentiate it with the previous LM003. The idea was taken to SZ Design, an offshoot of Zagato, but it never went past a few concept drawings that looked vaguely similar to a modern Range Rover.

References 

LM003
Becky and Jessie O'Donohue

Rebecca Marie "Becky" O'Donohue and Jessica Elleanore "Jessie" O'Donohue (born July 13, 1980) are American reality TV show contestants, models, actresses and former basketball players. The identical twins played college basketball at Niagara University before starting a career in entertainment and modeling. In 2006, Becky was a semi-finalist in the fifth season of American Idol.

Life and career

Early life and basketball careers
Becky and Jessie are from Dobbs Ferry, New York, from a family of Irish and Greek descent. They attended Dobbs Ferry High School where they exceled at basketball, with Jessie becoming the first girl in school history to have 1,000 career points and Becky the first to garner 1,000 career rebounds. Following their high school career, both sisters played four years for the Niagara Purple Eagles basketball team at Niagara University. At Niagara, Becky was a member of the Student Athletic Advisory Committee.

College statistics

Source

Entertainment career
Becky's original audition on American Idol was in Boston where she was supported by Jessie (who did not sing due to recent throat surgery). Judge Simon Cowell praised her looks, but said no to her voice. However, she was let through to Hollywood by co-judges Randy Jackson and Paula Abdul. O'Donohue made it through to the final twenty-four contestants in the semi-finals, but was the first female to be eliminated from the show when she received the fewest votes on February 23's results show. They briefly appeared on the American Idol season finale on May 24, 2006, via satellite from Birmingham, Alabama, as commentators during Taylor Hicks' cheering rally.

Both appeared in a special "Twins" episode on Fear Factor where they were eliminated on the first stunt. The twins also appeared together in Maxim magazine in 2004.
They played twin sisters Darla and Donna in the 2007 comedy film I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry and Layna and Sophia on an episode of ER.

Jessie appeared as a stripper named Karamel Owens in an 8th season episode of CSI: Miami titled "Dude, Where's My Groom?", while Becky played a stripper also named Karamel on the House, MD 5th season episode "House Divided."

The twins appeared on the "Sister Act" episode of Minute to Win It, on which they won with $50,000. Becky guest starred in the July 2010 Psych episode "Not Even Close... Encounters", and as Siri in the January 2012 The Big Bang Theory episode "The Beta Test Initiation". They also appear on the infomercial for WEN hair products with red hair. They appeared in Mardi Gras: Spring Break in 2011.

Becky appeared in the 4th season of The Mentalist playing Sasha a fashion model in the episode "Red Is the New Black".

References

External links
 
 
 The actress who brought Siri to life

1980 births
Living people
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
American female models
American Idol participants
American people of Greek descent
American people of Irish descent
American identical twin actors
American women's basketball players
Basketball players from New York (state)

Identical twins
People from Dobbs Ferry, New York
Leap (computer worm)

The Oompa-Loompa malware, also called OSX/Oomp-A or Leap.A, is an application-infecting, LAN-spreading worm for Mac OS X, discovered by the Apple security firm Intego on February 14, 2006. Leap cannot spread over the Internet, and can only spread over a local area network reachable using the Bonjour protocol. On most networks this limits it to a single IP subnet.

Delivery and infection 

The Leap worm is delivered over the iChat instant messaging program as a gzip-compressed tar file called . For the worm to take effect, the user must manually invoke it by opening the tar file and then running the disguised executable within.

The executable is disguised with the standard icon of an image file, and claims to show a preview of Apple's next OS. Once it is run, the worm will attempt to infect the system.

For non-"admin" users, it will prompt for the computer's administrator password in order to gain the privilege to edit the system configuration. It doesn't infect applications on disk, but rather when they are loaded, by using a system facility called "apphook".

Leap only infects Cocoa applications, and it does not infect applications owned by the system (including the apps that come pre-installed on a new machine), but only apps owned by the user who is currently logged in. Typically, that means apps that the current user has installed by drag-and-drop, rather than by Apple's installer system. When an infected app is launched, Leap tries to infect the four most recently used applications. If those four don't meet the above criteria, then no further infection takes place at that time.

Payload 

Once activated, Leap then attempts to spread itself via the user's iChat Bonjour buddy list. It does not spread using the main iChat buddy list, nor over XMPP. (By default, iChat does not use Bonjour and thus cannot transmit this worm.)

Leap does not delete data, spy on the system, or take control of it, but it does have one harmful effect: due to a bug in the worm itself, an infected application will not launch. This is helpful in that it prevents people from continuing to launch the infected program.

Protection and recovery 
A common method of protecting against this type of Computer Worm is avoiding launching files from untrusted sources. An existing admin account can be "declawed" by unchecking the box "Allow this user to administer this computer." (At least one admin account must remain on the system in order to install software and change vital system settings, even if it is an account created solely for that purpose.)

Recovering after a Leap infection involves deleting the worm files and replacing infected applications with fresh copies. It does not require re-installing the OS, since system-owned applications are immune.

References

External links
 Intego Analysis - OSX/Leap.A aka OSX/Oompa-Loompa
 Macworld- Mac Security: Antivirus
 Macworld test of Leap A, with recovery tips
 Leap-A malware: what you need to know

Computer worms
MacOS malware
1836 Chilean presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Chile in 1836. Carried out through a system of electors, they resulted in the re-election of incumbent president Joaquín Prieto.

Prieto faced little opposition in this election and was easily re-elected.

Results

References

Presidential elections in Chile
Chile
1836 in Chile
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
Mass-to-light ratio

In astrophysics and physical cosmology the mass-to-light ratio, normally designated with the Greek letter upsilon, , is the quotient between the total mass of a spatial volume (typically on the scales of a galaxy or a cluster) and its luminosity. These ratios are often reported using the value calculated for the Sun as a baseline ratio which is a constant  = 5133 kg/W: equal to the solar mass  divided by the solar luminosity , . The mass-to-light ratios of galaxies and clusters are all much greater than  due in part to the fact that most of the matter in these objects does not reside within stars and observations suggest that a large fraction is present in the form of dark matter.

Luminosities are obtained from photometric observations, correcting the observed brightness of the object for the distance dimming and extinction effects. In general, unless a complete spectrum of the radiation emitted by the object is obtained, a model must be extrapolated through either power law or blackbody fits. The luminosity thus obtained is known as the bolometric luminosity.

Masses are often calculated from the dynamics of the virialized system or from gravitational lensing. Typical mass-to-light ratios for galaxies range from 2 to 10  while on the largest scales, the mass to light ratio of the observable universe is approximately 100 , in concordance with the current best fit cosmological model.

References

External links
 

Physical cosmology
Astrophysics
Ratios
1841 Chilean presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Chile on 25 and 26 July 1841. Carried out through a system of electors, they resulted in the election of General Manuel Bulnes as President.

There was no organized opposition to the conservative Bulnes, although liberals rallied around Francisco Antonio Pinto, who was proclaimed candidate without his consent. Pinto went on to become an adviser to President Bulnes.

Results

References

Presidential elections in Chile
Chile
1841 in Chile
Heat rock

A heat rock is the common name for a type of heating source in enclosures for cold-blooded animals to supply heat, in the form of a false novelty rock plugged into an electrical socket.

Keepers may notice that smaller reptiles prefer to rest on the heat rock most of the time, since it provides constant heat. Larger reptiles supplied with heat rocks often prefer to stay near their rock at all times, diminishing their novelty.

Pet owners and keepers now usually recommended a non-direct contact UTH (under-the-tank-heater) or thermal tape which distributes heat through the enclosure’s substrate placed in different areas of the tank to create a more even heat gradient, making the pet more liable to move throughout its enclosure. Another popular solution is replacing regular lighting with UV-specific basking lights.

External links
http://www.anapsid.org/hotrock.html

Pet equipment
Hiroshi Wakasugi

was a Japanese orchestra conductor. He premiered many of the major Western operas in Japan, and was honoured with many awards for cultural achievement. He was best known for conducting works by German composers such as Richard Wagner, Anton Bruckner, Gustav Mahler, and Richard Strauss.

Biography
Wakasugi was born in Tokyo. His father, Kaname, served as the Japanese Consul-General in New York City, assisting Ambassador Kichisaburo Nomura. In his teenage years Wakasugi worked as a répétiteur for the Tokyo Nikikai Opera. Nevertheless, he attended the Faculty of Economics at Keio University, but soon dropped out to study music with Hideo Saito and Nobori Kaneko at the Tokyo University of the Arts. After graduation he was appointed researching conductor of the NHK Symphony Orchestra. From 1965 he led and developed the Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra, now one of the leading orchestras in Japan. For leading the Japanese premiere of Penderecki's St. Luke Passion, Wakasugi was awarded the National Arts Festival Prize by the Agency for Cultural Affairs in 1968. He established the Tokyo Chamber Opera Theatre in 1969 and remained its artistic director for the rest of his life.

Besides leading many international orchestras, Wakasugi was principal conductor of the Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra from 1977 to 1983, and general music director of the Deutsche Oper am Rhein, Düsseldorf from 1981 to 1986. He was artistic director and principal conductor of the Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich in Switzerland from 1987 to 1991. From 1982 to 1991, he was also a permanent conductor at the Semperoper Dresden and Sächsische Staatskapelle Dresden. Wakasugi was chosen to be the former's next music director, but the reunification of Germany and the unraveling of the East German theatre system derailed this appointment.

He was music director (1986–1995) and principal conductor (1987–1995) of the Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra. In spring 1995 he was appointed a permanent conductor of the NHK Symphony Orchestra.

In 2005 he was first named artistic consultant to the opera division of the New National Theatre Tokyo, then two years later its artistic director in September 2007. During his tenure there he led the Japanese premiere of Bernd Alois Zimmermann's Die Soldaten a few months before his death. In his final years he was also the artistic director of Biwako Opera Theatre.

Aside from performing, Wakasugi also held a professorship at Tokyo National University of the Arts and Toho Gakuen School of Music. He was a member of the Japan Art Academy.

Wakasugi was a recipient of the 1986 Suntory Music Award.

He died in Tokyo on July 21, 2009, from multiple organ failure.

External links
Künstlersekretariat Schoerke (Artist Management) biography
Tokyo Concerts biography
Interview (2005)
New National Theatre, Tokyo

References

1935 births
2009 deaths
20th-century conductors (music)
20th-century Japanese male musicians
Academic staff of Toho Gakuen School of Music
Japanese classical musicians
Japanese male conductors (music)
1851 Chilean presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Chile in July 1851. Carried out through a system of electors, they resulted in the election of Manuel Montt as President. Montt was the country's first non-military president.

Montt's opponent, José María de la Cruz, refused to accept the results and started a rebellion, the Revolution of 1851, in Concepción. He was defeated by former president Manuel Bulnes.

Results

References

Presidential elections in Chile
Chile
1851 in Chile
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
Human Race Machine

The Human Race Machine (HRM) is a computerized console composed of four different programs. The Human Race Machine program allows participants to see themselves with the facial characteristics of six different races: Asian, White, African, Middle Eastern, and Indian, mapped onto their own face.  The Age Machine allows viewers see an aged version of his or her face. A version of this methodology has been used for over twenty years by the FBI and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children to help locate kidnap victims and missing children.

The Couples Machine combines photographs of two people in different percentages to show the appearance of their child.

The Anomaly Machine lets viewers see themselves with facial anomalies. The HRM was created by artist Nancy Burson and David Kramlich; it uses morphing technology.  It was shown on Oprah on 2006-02-16.

External links
The Human Race Machine
 

Digital art
Computer graphics
1856 Chilean presidential election

Indirect presidential elections were held in Chile on 25 July 1856. Incumbent President Manuel Montt was re-elected by a system of electors

Results

References

Presidential elections in Chile
Chile
1856 in Chile
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
Georgia Central Railway

The Georgia Central Railway  operates about  of former Seaboard Coast Line track from Macon, Georgia through Dublin, Georgia and Vidalia, Georgia to Savannah, Georgia.  It also operates about  of trackage between Savannah and Riceboro, Georgia, switching Interstate Paper LLC. It connects with CSX Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railway. The Georgia Central Railway is owned by Rail Link, a subsidiary of Genesee & Wyoming Inc.

Locomotives
The Georgia Central operates a roster of GE U23B, GE U30B, EMD GP9, EMD GP18, EMD GP38, and EMD SW9 locomotives.

History
The Georgia Central Railway was chartered in 1885 as the Macon and Dublin Railroad, to connect its namesake cities. In 1891, it changed its name to the Macon, Dublin and Savannah Railway, even though the railroad did not reach the port city of Savannah. In fact, the original railroad did not go closer to the coast than Vidalia, where it interchanged with the Savannah, Americus, and Montgomery Railroad. In 1912, the MD&S was purchased by the Seaboard Air Line Railroad.  It continued to be operated separately until 1954, when it was fully absorbed into the Seaboard. 

In 1990, a new Georgia Central Railroad was formed by Rail Link, which purchased former Macon, Dublin, and Savannah, and the Savannah, Americus, and Montgomery, from CSX, the Seaboard's successor. The ownership of the Georgia Central changed hands in 2012, when Genesee & Wyoming purchased Rail Link.

Infrastructure 
In 2019, the Georgia Central began improving track conditions so that it can handle 286,000 lb. railcars, the same as class 1 railroads.

See also
Macon, Dublin, and, Savannah Railroad (predecessor)

Savannah, Americus, and Montgomery Railroad (predecessor)

References

External links

 Georgia Central Railway official webpage - Genesee and Wyoming website
 HawkinsRails.net Georgia Central page
 

Georgia (U.S. state) railroads
Genesee & Wyoming
Spin-offs of CSX Transportation
Lothar Späth

Lothar Späth (16 November 1937 – 18 March 2016) was a German politician of the CDU.

Life

Späth was born in Sigmaringen.
From 30 August 1978 to 13 January 1991 Späth was the 5th Minister President of Baden-Württemberg and chairman of the CDU Baden-Württemberg, serving as the 36th President of the Bundesrat in 1984/85.

After leaving politics, Späth headed the Jenoptik company, one of the few former Eastern German state owned enterprises, which survived the transformation into a market economy in a united Germany. He stayed there until 2003. Then he became president of the Industrie- und Handelskammer East-Thuringia in Gera.

In order to support medium-sized companies in opening up foreign markets, he set up the "Baden-Württemberg Export Foundation" in 1984, today Baden-Württemberg International.

In 1989, he sponsored the publication of an art portfolio called Kinderstern, featuring original drawings by Sol LeWitt, Jörg Immendorff, Sigmar Polke, Max Bill, Heinz Mack, Keith Haring and Imi Knoebel, to benefit children cancer patients. Along with Rupert Neudeck, he is also a patron of the "German Economic Foundation for Humanitarian Help".

In September 1992 Späth was awarded the title of Royal Norwegian Honorary Consul General for Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt.

From 1998–2001, Späth hosted a TV talk show broadcast in Germany called "Späth am Abend", delivering weekly political commentaries beginning in 2002. (The title is a play on words between "Late at night" (Spät am Abend) and "Späth in the evening", a reference to the host's name.)

Literature
 Marlis Prinzing: Lothar Späth – Wandlungen eines Rastlosen. Orell Füssli Verlag, Zürich 2006, .
 Stefan Wogawa: Lothar Späth. Blick hinter eine (Selbst-)Inszenierung. OWUS e. V., Bad Salzungen 2010. (Reihe Wirtschaft & Politik, Bd. 1)
 Marlis Prinzing, Lothar Späth: "Wir schaffen das" – Antworten auf die Krise – Perspektiven für die Zukunft. Marlis Prinzing trifft Lothar Späth. Kaufmann, Lahr 2009, .

References

External links

Catalogue of Deutsche Nationalbibliothek 

1937 births
2016 deaths
People from Sigmaringen
Presidents of the German Bundesrat
Members of the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg
Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians
People from the Province of Hohenzollern
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg
Ministers-President of Baden-Württemberg
Allu Tuppurainen

Allan Rauli Kristian "Allu" Tuppurainen (born 1 April 1951) is a Finnish actor and screenwriter residing in Vaasa. He began acting in Finnish film in the early 1970s and has made a number of appearances in Finnish film ever since, appearing in many films such as the 1983 James Bond spoof Agentti 000 ja kuoleman kurvit where he acted alongside actors such as Ilmari Saarelainen and Tenho Saurén.

Tuppurainen is best known for his role as the troll Rölli in the similarly named children's TV show and films. As well as starring as the main character, Tuppurainen has written and directed the show, and composed music for it. He released the music on albums which he has sold over 550,000 copies.

He has made several appearances on Finnish television in 2002 and 2004. In 2007 he scriptwrote and voice-acted in Röllin Sydän (Quest for a Heart).

Filmography
 Quest for a Heart (2007)
 Headhunters (2004)
 Rölli ja metsänhenki (2001)
 Kaikki pelissä (1994)
 Rölli - hirmuisia kertomuksia (1991)
 Rölli (TV series) (1986–2001)
 Vapaa duunari Ville-Kalle (1984)
 Agent 000 and the Deadly Curves (1983)
 Likainen puolitusina (1982)
 Pi pi pil... pilleri (1982)

Awards
 Honorary mention for Viitasaari film week (1992)
 Nuoret Kotkat children's act of the year (1998)
 Newspaper Pohjalainen's Vaasan Jaakko culture award (1999)

See also
List of best-selling music artists in Finland

References

External links

1951 births
Finnish male actors
Living people
People from Kuopio
IIFA Award for Style Diva of the Year

The IIFA Diva Award is chosen by the viewers and was given on behalf of Samsung and then IDEA later on.

Winners
The winners are listed below-

See also 
 IIFA Awards
 Bollywood
 Cinema of India

External links 
Official site
International Indian Film Academy Awards
1861 Chilean presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Chile in 1861. Carried out through a system of electors, they resulted in the election of José Joaquín Pérez as President.

Pérez was a "unity" candidate between the conservatives and liberals. He won the election unanimously.

Results

References

Presidential elections in Chile
Chile
1861 in Chile
Ilex mucronata

Ilex mucronata, the mountain holly or catberry, is a species of holly native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to Minnesota, and south to Maryland and West Virginia.

Taxonomy
It was formerly treated in its own monotypic genus as Nemopanthus mucronatus (L.) Loes., known as "false holly", but transferred to Ilex on molecular data; it is closely related to Ilex amelanchier.

Description
Ilex mucronata is a deciduous shrub growing to 3 m (rarely 4 m) tall (or 6 to 10 feet high from the "Manual of Woody Landscape Plants" by Dr. Michael Dirr.) The leaves are alternate, simple, elliptic to oblong, (1 to 2.5" long and 3/4's as wide) 1.5–7 cm long and 1–3 cm broad, with an entire or finely serrated margin and an acute apex, and a 0.5–2 cm (1/4 to 1/2" long) petiole. The tiny flowers about 1/5" in diameter with 4 to 5 petals are inconspicuous, whitish to greenish-yellow, produced on slender peduncles 25 mm or more long; it is usually dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants. The fruit is a red drupe 6–7 mm (1/4 to 1/3") diameter containing three to five pits.

Habitat
The plant does best in full sun, or part shade is good. It usually grows in moist or draining wet acid soils, often with the similar species of Common Winterberry, Ilex verticillata, but is also found on upland cliffs and slopes on hills and mountains. It develops a yellow autumn color. It is recommended for use in naturalistic landscapes. Its USDA hardiness zone recommendation is zones 4 to 6. The name "mountain holly" is also sometimes used for the related mountain winterberry (Ilex montana).

Gallery

References

External links

mucronata
Flora of the Great Lakes region (North America)
Flora of Eastern Canada
Flora of the Northeastern United States
Flora of Michigan
Flora of Maryland
Flora of West Virginia
Flora of New Jersey
Flora without expected TNC conservation status
Across the Zodiac

Across the Zodiac: The Story of a Wrecked Record (1880) is a science fiction novel by Percy Greg, who has been credited as an originator of the sword and planet subgenre of science fiction.

Plot 
The book details the creation and use of apergy, a form of anti-gravitational energy, and details a flight to Mars in 1830. The planet is inhabited by diminutive beings; they are convinced that life does not exist elsewhere than on their world, and refuse to believe that the unnamed narrator is actually from Earth. (They think he is an unusually tall Martian from some remote place on their planet.)

The book's narrator names his spacecraft the Astronaut.

Novel concepts 
The book contains what was probably the first alien language in any work of fiction. His space ship design also featured a small garden, an early prediction of hydroponics.

Influence 
The same title was used for a later, similar book—Across the Zodiac: A Story of Adventure (1896) by Edwin Pallander (1869–1952) (the pseudonym of UK biologist, botanist and author Lancelot Francis Sanderson Bayly). Pallander copied some elements of Greg's plot; in his book, gravity is negated by a gyroscope.

See also 

 Annals of the Twenty-Ninth Century
 A Journey in Other Worlds

References

External links 
 Across the Zodiac at Internet Archive (scanned books original editions color illustrated)
 

Fiction set in 1830
1880 British novels
1880 science fiction novels
British science fiction novels
Space exploration novels
Novels set on Mars
Novels set in the 1830s
Planetary romances
IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer

The IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer given to chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the ceremony. Shreya Ghoshal holds the record for most wins in this category (9). Ghoshal also holds the record for most nominations (25).

The first recipient of the award was Alka Yagnik, who was honoured at the 1st IIFA Awards in the year 2000. The most recent recipient of the award is Shreya Ghoshal, who was honoured at the 23rd IIFA Awards in the year 2023.

Superlatives

Award was introduced in 2000 and records after 2000 till date are as follows.

Shreya Ghoshal with 9 wins, hold the record for most awards in this category. Alka Yagnik, Sunidhi Chauhan and Kanika Kapoor have won the award two times. Ghoshal won the award in a record of three consecutive years (2012–2014).

Shreya Ghoshal's four nominations out of the five nominations in 2008 also give her the record for most number of Best Female Playback Singer nominations in a single year. Ghoshal holds the record of getting nominated for consecutively 11 years from 2006 till 2016, resulting in 17 nominations and 5 wins. Additionally, with 25 nominations, Ghoshal is also the most nominated singer in this category.

Most Wins

Multiple Nominees

List of Winners
† - indicates the performance also won the Filmfare Award‡ - indicates the performance was also nominated for the Filmfare Award

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also
 List of music awards honoring women
 IIFA Award for Best Male Playback
 IIFA Awards

References

External links
 Official site

International Indian Film Academy Awards
Music awards honoring women
Indian music awards
IIFA Award for Style Icon of the Year

The IIFA Style Icon Award is chosen by the viewers and was given on behalf of Samsung and then  International Drama and Theatre Education Association-IDEA later on. The recipient also gets prizes such as a TV.

Multiple wins

Winners

See also 
 IIFA Awards
 Bollywood
 Cinema of India

External links 
Official site

International Indian Film Academy Awards
Donnie Abraham

Nathaniel Donnell Abraham (born October 8, 1973) is an American football coach and former cornerback who is the current Defensive Coordinator for St. Louis Battlehawks. He was drafted in the third round of the 1996 NFL Draft. In his career, he played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1996–2001) and the New York Jets (2002–2004).

Life after football
After considering retirement since the 2004 season ended, he finally decided to do so on July 15, 2005. Although he had two restaurant businesses going in South Carolina, Abrahams was searching for a post-playing occupation, and during his playing years he swore to himself that he would never become a coach.  However, while on the sidelines of his oldest son’s youth football practice, a local high school coach, whose son played on the same team as Abraham’s, approached him about helping out his team. Before long, Abraham became the head coach at Gibbs High School in St. Petersburg.

Abraham guided Gibbs to its first district title in 2009 but resigned after a 3–7 season in 2010. He was defensive backs coordinator (2011–2012) at Tampa Bay Storm and later (2012) at East Lake High School. In 2013, he was the head coach of the Clearwater High School football team and resigned in 2015. He was (2015–2017) the defensive coordinator at IMG Academy, in Bradenton, Florida. On February 15, 2017, he was named defensive assistant coach for the Illinois Fighting Illini football, joining Head Coach Lovie Smith's coaching team. Abraham left the Illinois program in the summer of 2018.

In November 2018, Abraham joined Steve Spurrier's Orlando Apollos coaching staff as defensive backs coach.

In June 2022, Abraham joined Anthony Becht's coaching staff as the Defensive Coordinator of St. Louis.

References

1973 births
Living people
People from Orangeburg, South Carolina
American football cornerbacks
Players of American football from South Carolina
East Tennessee State Buccaneers football players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
New York Jets players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Tampa Bay Storm coaches
Illinois Fighting Illini football coaches
Orlando Apollos coaches
Orangeburg-Wilkinson High School alumni
St. Louis BattleHawks coaches