alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Tönisvorst

Tönisvorst is a town in the district of Viersen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 5 km west of Krefeld.

On 25 July 2019, weather stations in Duisburg-Baerl and Tönisvorst both recorded temperatures of , which is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Germany.

Historical monuments
Das alte Rathaus, St. Tönis
Der Mertenshof, St. Tönis
Schluff (steam locomotive), St. Tönis
Haus Raedt, Vorst
Haus Brempt, Vorst
Haus Neersdonk, Vorst
Haus Donk, Vorst
Der Gelleshof

Twin towns – sister cities

Tönisvorst is twinned with:
 Laakdal, Belgium
 Sées, France
 Staré Město, Czech Republic

Notable people
Hans Junkermann (born 1934), racing cyclist
Klaus Abbelen (born 1960), racing driver and former executive director of Abbelen GmbH
Tobias Levels (born 1986), footballer
Lea Schüller (born 1997), footballer

References

Viersen (district)
Liebowitz

Liebowitz is a surname. It may refer to:

People
 Jack Liebowitz (1900–2000), American accountant and publisher, co-owner of Detective Comics
 Michael Liebowitz, psychiatrist and researcher specializing in anxiety disorders
 Richard Liebowitz, copyright lawyer
 Ronald D. Liebowitz (born 1957), president of Middlebury College
 Shimen Liebowitz, American extortionist
 Sidney Liebowitz, better known as Steve Lawrence (born 1935), American singer
 Simon J. Liebowitz (1905–1998), New York politician and judge

Fictional characters
 Fawn Liebowitz, a fictional character mentioned in the movie National Lampoon's Animal House

See also 
 Leibowitz
 Leibovitz
 Lebowitz

Surnames of Jewish origin
Slavic-language surnames
Hiroshi Ikeda (aikidoka)

Hiroshi Ikeda (池田 裕 Ikeda Hiroshi, born 1950) is a Japanese aikido teacher in the United States. He holds the rank of 7th dan (shihan) from the Aikikai. He is the most senior student of Mitsugi Saotome of Aikido Schools of Ueshiba (ASU).

Ikeda was born in Tokyo and began studying aikido in 1968 while attending college at Kokugakuin University in Tokyo.  He relocated to Sarasota, Florida in 1976, and taught there under Saotome from 1978-1979.   In 1980, he moved to Boulder, Colorado to establish a dojo there under Saotome's ASU organization. In January, 2015 Saotome decided to recognize Ikeda as an independent instructor so that he can pursue his own objectives apart from ASU.

Ikeda currently lives in Boulder, where he operates his dojo, Boulder Aikikai. He also travels frequently to conduct seminars both in the United States and abroad.

References

External links 
 Boulder Aikikai
 国際合気道講習大会 | 講師紹介/Instructors

1950 births
American aikidoka
Living people
Sportspeople from Tokyo
Japanese emigrants to the United States
Coronal hole

A coronal hole is a temporary region of relatively cool, less dense plasma in the solar corona where the Sun's magnetic field extends into interplanetary space as an open field. Compared to the corona's usual closed magnetic field that arches between regions of opposite magnetic polarity, the open magnetic field of a coronal hole allows solar wind to escape into space at a much quicker rate. This results in decreased temperature and density of the plasma at the site of a coronal hole, as well as an increased speed in the average solar wind measured in interplanetary space. If streams of high-speed solar wind from coronal holes encounter the Earth, they can cause major displays of aurorae. Near solar minimum, when activity such as coronal mass ejections is less frequent, such streams are the main cause of geomagnetic storms and associated aurorae.

History
In the 1960s, coronal holes appeared on X-ray images taken by sounding rockets and in observations at radio wavelengths by the Sydney Chris Cross radio telescope. At the time, what they were was unclear. Their true nature was recognized in the 1970s, when X-ray telescopes in the Skylab mission were flown above the Earth's atmosphere to reveal the structure of the corona.

Solar cycle

Coronal hole size and population correspond with the solar cycle. As the Sun heads toward solar maximum, the coronal holes move closer and closer to the Sun's poles. During solar maxima, the number of coronal holes decreases until the magnetic fields on the Sun reverse. Afterwards, new coronal holes appear near the new poles. The coronal holes then increase in size and number, extending farther from the poles as the Sun moves toward a solar minimum again.

Solar wind

Coronal holes generally discharge solar wind at a speed about twice the average. The escaping solar wind is known to travel along open magnetic field lines that pass through the coronal hole area. Since coronal holes are regions in the Sun's corona that have much lower densities and temperatures than most of the corona, these regions are very thin, which contributes to the solar wind, since particles within the chromosphere can more easily break through.

Influence on space weather
During solar minima, coronal holes are the primary sources of space weather disturbances, including aurorae. Typically, geomagnetic (and proton) storms originating from coronal holes have a gradual commencement (over hours) and are not as severe as storms caused by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which usually have a sudden onset. Because coronal holes can last for several solar rotations (i.e. several months), predicting the recurrence of this type of disturbance is often possible significantly farther in advance than for CME-related disturbances.

See also
 Heliophysics
 List of solar storms

References

Further reading
 
 Jiang, Y., Chen, H., Shen, Y., Yang, L., & Li, K. (2007, January). Hα dimming associated with the eruption of a coronal sigmoid in the quiet Sun. Solar Physics, 240(1), 77–87.

External links 
 

Solar phenomena
4 Wheel Thunder

4 Wheel Thunder is a racing game developed by Kalisto Entertainment and published by Midway Home Entertainment. While the game had been in development for some time prior as a separate title, it was eventually decided to rebrand the game into Midway's Thunder series.

Gameplay
Having 12 tracks across six locations, 4 Wheel Thunder consists of races with vehicles like monster trucks, ATV, or buggy. All of them have different racing features. The goal is to defeat the opponents by coming to the finish line as fast as possible. There are shortcuts on each track which can be taken to drive faster through certain sections, and the players can use a special turbo button for a speed increase. The starting position is always the last place, which forces the use of blue and red turbo boosts scattered throughout the tracks. Being an arcade styled racing game, triggers are used as the accelerator/brake, and the analog stick to navigate the vehicles.

In the single-player segment, there are three game modes: Championship, Indoor/Outdoor Arcade and Practice. In Championship, the player has to be either first or second to finish in order to unlock more tracks, while Indoor/Outdoor Arcade includes a series of races with specific differences between the tracks (outdoor ones are longer, and indoor ones have more sharper turns). The additional mode section offers play modes for a multi-player game with two people: balloon, bomb, bomb race and tag battle. In the bomb mode, explosives are tied to the vehicle, with an objective to transfer those to the opponents by ramming them. Bomb race is a variation of bomb, except it has to be all done within a time limit. In balloon mode, collecting balloons gives an extra time with a winning condition being either winning the race itself or collecting the most balloons.

Reception

The game received "favorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. The game has been praised for its realistic graphics and fun gameplay, but criticized for its high difficulty level. Midway's influence has been met with mixed reactions, with claims that the game suffers from an "identity crisis" due to elements of the Thunder series being implemented toward the end of the development process. Jeff Lundrigan of NextGen said that the game "has far too many flaws for its slim gameplay value." GamePro said of the game, "In the arena of off-road Dreamcast racing, 4WT is the current champion – but keep in mind that its only competition is Hardcore Heat. Patient and determined gamers looking for a steep challenge will surely find it in 4WT, but casual drivers should stick to a rental."

Notes

References

External links 

2000 video games
Dreamcast games
Dreamcast-only games
Kalisto Entertainment games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Off-road racing video games
Thunder (video game series)
Video games developed in France
Video games scored by Frédéric Motte
Machai

In Greek mythology, the Machae or Machai (; Ancient Greek: Μάχαι Mákhai, "battles"; singular:  Mákhē) were the daemons (spirits) of battle and combat.

Family 
The Machai were the children of Eris and siblings to other vicious personifications like the Hysminai, the Androktasiai, and the Phonoi.

 And hateful Eris bore painful Ponos ("Hardship"),
 Lethe ("Forgetfulness") and Limos ("Starvation") and the tearful Algea ("Pains"),
 Hysminai ("Battles"), Makhai ("Wars"), Phonoi ("Murders"), and Androktasiai ("Manslaughters");
 Neikea ("Quarrels"), Pseudea ("Lies"), Logoi ("Stories"), Amphillogiai ("Disputes")
 Dysnomia ("Anarchy") and Ate ("Ruin"), near one another,
 and Horkos ("Oath"), who most afflicts men on earth,
 Then willing swears a false oath.

Mythology
The daemons Homados (Battle-Noise), Alala (War-Cry), Proioxis (Onrush), Palioxis (Backrush) and Kydoimos (Confusion) were closely associated with the Machai.

They were accompanied in battlefields by other deities and spirits associated with war and death, such as Ares, Phobos, Deimos, the Keres, Polemos, Enyo, and their mother Eris.

Popular culture
 The Machai make an appearance in Wrath of the Titans as Hades and later Cronus' troops. The Machai are similar to the Moliones, with coal black skin, two legs, six arms, two-headed and two torsos back to back with each other which enables them to attack more than one person.
 In The Blood of Olympus, Asclepius used the Machai (In this they are the twin children of Ares and Aphrodite, Phobos and Deimos), the curse of Delos (Which is actually one of the  small yellow flowers that Delos sprouted upon the birth of Artemis and Apollo), and the Pylosian Mint in order to formulate a physician's cure. (The two brothers also appear in "The Demigod Files", but not by the name Machai.)
 In the top down ARPG Titan Quest: Immortal Throne, Makhai are enemies, that can be found in the final world of the game, "Hades".
 The Machai appears in Agents of HOPE during "Titan's Awakening", the 32nd chapter of the game. It is a mini-boss which is fought during the second combat of the chapter on Perses' back.

See also 

 Alke
 Ioke
 Polemus

Notes

References 

 Hesiod, Shield of Heracles from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
 Hesiod, Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.

Greek war deities
War goddesses
Greek goddesses
Personifications in Greek mythology
Children of Eris (mythology)
Greek legendary creatures
Daimons
Combat
Michael Liebowitz

Dr. Michael R. Liebowitz is a Columbia University psychiatrist and founder of the Anxiety Disorders Clinic, the first of its kind, at the New York State Psychiatric Institute. Liebowitz pioneered research on the molecular basis of love and wrote a book on the topic, "The Chemistry of Love."

Early life and education 
He was educated at Yale University, graduating with a B.A. (Cum Laude) in 1965, and with an M.D. degree from its medical school in 1969.

Leibowitz did his medical internship and medical residency at Harlem Hospital in New York City from 1969 to 1971 and, from 1974 to 1977, his psychiatric residencies were completed at the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont and the New York State Psychiatric Institute.

Career 
In 1985, he researched and highlighted an under-recognized status of social anxiety disorder (SAD). This led to subsequent cognitive research and treatments for anxiety disorders. He created the Liebowitz social anxiety scale, now a widely used primary outcome measure in clinical research on SAD.

In 1997 he established the Medical Research Network in New York City which performs studies on medicines.

In 2007, Liebowitz retired as Director of the Anxiety Disorders Clinic at the New York State Psychiatric Institute, a position which he had held since 1982.

Since 1977, he has been an instructor and professor of Medicine (Clinical Psychiatry) at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.

Popular works 
 Author of the 1983 book The Chemistry of Love, and for sparking the "chocolate theory of love," which attributes chocolate's supposed aphrodisiac effects to phenethylamine.

References

Living people
American psychiatrists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Yale School of Medicine alumni
New York State Psychiatric Institute people
Comic Festival

Comic Festival (also known as Comics Festival UK) was a British comic book convention which was held annually in Bristol between 1999 and 2004. It was devised and produced by Kev F. Sutherland with the help of Mike Allwood of Area 51 Comics. 

The presentation of the National Comics Awards was a regular feature of Comic Festival from 1999 to 2003 (except for the year 2000, when the Eagle Awards were presented there). Charity auctions were held every year at the festival, first for Comic Relief and then for the benefit of ChildLine.

History
Comic Festival was preceded as an annual British comic convention by the United Kingdom Comic Art Convention, held annually (usually in London) from 1985 to 1998. By 1999, the comics audience in the UK was in decline; Comic Festival's aim was to reach non-comic readers, children, and families, and to enable them to enter the event at the cheapest possible prices. Once inside the convention, the audience would then be exposed to the widest range of comics material, thus building the readership of the future.

The festival began under the name Comics 99. 

In addition to the annual Bristol-based Comic Festival, secondary events were held in London in the fall of 2003 and 2004.

Comic Festival was succeeded as an annual convention by the Bristol-based Comic Expo, which began in 2004 and lasted until 2014.

Charity auctions 
For Comics 99, Sutherland produced The World's Biggest Comic, which featured the work of 100 of the world's leading comic artists, auctioned to raise money for the British charity Comic Relief. 

Subsequent projects, for the benefit of ChildLine, included the Charity Deck of Cards which, in 2001, raised over £10,000 through the auctioning of the original art and sales of the limited edition decks. The Just 1 Page charity comic was produced at Comic Festival, beginning in 2001 (and then continuing on at Comic Expo).

Locations and dates

London Comic Festival locations and dates

References

Footnotes

Sources consulted

External links 

1999 establishments in England
2004 disestablishments in England
British fan conventions
Defunct comics conventions
Comics conventions
Recurring events established in 1999
Grefrath

Grefrath () is a municipality in the district of Viersen, in the western part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

It is situated in the Lower Rhineland region (German: Niederhein), which is located between the river Rhine and the borderline between Germany and the Netherlands.

Geography
The river Niers crosses through the municipality from the south to the north.

The villages of Grefrath and Vinkrath are located on the westerly bank of the small river, whereas Oedt and Mülhausen are situated on the easterly bank.

Towns and municipalities adjoining Grefrath are (clockwise, beginning in the north):
 Wachtendonk
 Kempen
 Tönisvorst
 Viersen
 Nettetal

The nearest bigger cities are Mönchengladbach ( to the south-south-east), Krefeld ( to the east) and Venlo ( to the west).

History 
The town of Grefrath was first mentioned in 1177, at that time bearing the name of Greverode. This stands for "The Earls' Clearing" (German: Rodung der Grafen).
.

In 1243 Grefrath was acquired by the county of Geldern (since 1339: duchy of Geldern) to which it belonged for the next centuries. In 1543 the duchy of Geldern was given to the Burgundian Netherlands, also called the Spanish Netherlands after the division of the House of Habsburg.

During the Eighty Years' War, in which the Seventeen Provinces (predecessor of today's Netherlands) fought for their independence from Spain, Grefrath continued to belong to Spain along with the southerly part of the duchy of Geldern.
Following the conclusion of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, the Spanish part of the duchy of Geldern was added to Prussia.

In the course of the French Revolutionary Wars, Grefrath was occupied by the French in 1794. It became an official part of the French territory in 1801, belonging to the department Roer.
After the defeat of Napoleonic France, the left Lower Rhineland region was returned to Prussia as a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and Grefrath was assigned to what later became the Kempen District (Kreis Kempen).

Over a century later, when the country of Prussia was finally dissolved, Grefrath became a part of the newly created German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
In 1970, the municipalities of Grefrath (including the villages of Grefrath and Vinkrath) and Oedt (including the villages of Oedt and Mülhausen) were united.

The United States Army's 507th U.S. Army Artillery Detachment was activated in 1970 and was assigned to the 5th U.S. Army Artillery Group. This detachment consisted of four teams, Alpha Team was headquartered in Grefrath, Germany. These teams were responsible for the security and maintenance of the Nike Hercules missile and was the only nuclear-armed surface-to-air weapon  operational with the US Army.

Natives 
 Clemens Weiss, artist
Paul Veltrup, fencer

References

External links

5th Artillery Group
 U.S.ARMY, EUROPE GERMANY (USAREUR)
USAREUR_5th USAAG 1963 - 1988
Nike People
Former soldier's website who had been stationed in Grefrath

Viersen (district)
Piczo

Piczo was a social networking and blogging website for teens. It was founded in 2003 by Jim Conning in San Francisco, California. Early investors included Catamount, Sierra Ventures, U.S. Venture Partners, and Mangrove Capital Partners.

In March 2009, Piczo was acquired by Stardoll (Stardoll AB with CEO Mattias Miksche). After the acquisition Piczo was led by Stardoll's CEO Mattias Miksche and his Stardoll team.

In September 2012, Piczo.com was acquired by Posh Media Group (PMGcom Publishing AB with CEO Christofer Båge).

In November 2012, Piczo.com shut down.

Their eponymous service, also called Piczo (Piczo.com), was an online photo website builder and community, which was for the generation of free advertising-supported websites.
Launched in 2005 Piczo allowed users to add images, text, guestbooks, message boxes, videos, music and other content to their site using plain text and HTML. Partners included YouTube, VideoEgg, Photobucket,  Flock, Yahoo & PollDaddy. When it began, the company's focus was individual web-page design, and blogs were not included as a feature.
In addition to the website development aspect of the site, Piczo once had a User Generated Content repository (the Piczo Zone) where users can browse, post, and consume content that they or others have used on their site. Later on, Piczo remodelled the entire site, and this along with many other features were no longer available.
One of the features that stayed is "The Board" where Piczo informs users about HTML and Internet safety, though most pages are designed for the old Piczo.
In August 2010 Piczo announced "Piczo Plus", a feature that allows users to buy an "ad-free" site, which is no longer available to purchase.

Popularity

Piczo saw around 10 million unique visitors a month. While primarily offering services in English and German, Piczo was also available 
in French, Spanish, Romanian, Russian, Japanese, and Korean BETA versions.

The service was very popular with a teenage audience in Britain, much like Bebo. Its popularity waned as social networking services such as Facebook, with the ability to create a profile, began to grow more popular than those where one would create a full-blown website.

References

External links

Web hosting
Defunct social networking services
Phil Harding (BBC executive)

Phil Harding is a journalist, broadcaster and media consultant. Previously he was a producer, editor and senior executive at the BBC.

Career
At the BBC, Harding held a wide variety of senior editorial jobs. He was Director of English Networks and News for the World Service, Controller of Editorial Policy (responsible for the editorial standards of all BBC output and writing the BBC's editorial guidelines), and Editor of the Today programme on Radio 4, during which time the programme won five Sony Gold awards.  He also headed the project which led to the founding of Radio Five Live and became the networks' first Editor of News Programmes. He was also Chief Political Adviser for the BBC and deputy editor of Panorama.

He now broadcasts for the BBC, both as a contributor and as a presenter, and works as an international media consultant. Recently he has worked with broadcasters in Egypt, Taiwan, Tanzania, the Maldives, Argentina, and the United States, on topics such as ‘public broadcasting in the digital age’, ‘fair reporting of politics’, ‘journalism in the public interest’, and ‘dealing with politicians and political pressure’.

Academic contributions 
Harding leads courses at the BBC's College of Journalism on editorial leadership.
 
He is the author of a report for Oxfam on international coverage and the future of U.K. public broadcasting – The Great Global Switch Off. He also writes for the Guardiannewspaper.

Accolades
Harding has won numerous Sony Gold awards for radio and an Emmy for television in the United States.

He is a Trustee of the Press Association and of the One World Broadcasting Trust. He is a Fellow of the Society of Editors and of the Radio Academy.

References

Radio editors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
British radio executives
Julio Godio

Julio Godio (1939 – May 20, 2011) was an Argentine sociologist.

Born at La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, he was elected president of the students' union of the University of La Plata in 1958. Very much related with the labor movement (in Argentina and Latin America), Julio Godio was an official of ILO-ACTRAV, and worked actively with the Friedrich Ebert Seitung, ICFTU-ORIT, IMF, BWI, UNI, etc. He wrote important books and publications about the labor movement, among them: The Tragic Week, History of the Argentine Labor Movement (1878–2000), History of the Latin American Labor Movement, The MERCOSUR, The workers and the FTAA, etc. 

He also served as Chairman of the World of Labor Institute.

Publications

 La Semana Trágica (1973), 
 Diálogo sindical Norte-Sur (1982)
 El movimiento obrero latinoamericano 1880-2000 (2 volúmenes) (1982).
 El movimiento obrero argentino 1880-1990 (5 volúmenes) (1991)
 Los sindicatos en las economías de mercado (1994).
 La conquista del poder: el sistema político argentino (1996).
 La incertidumbre del trabajo (1998).
 Sociología del trabajo y política (2001).
 Argentina: en la crisis está la solución (2002).
 Argentina: luces y sombras en el primer año de transición (2003).
 El MERCOSUR, los trabajadores y el ALCA (2004).
 El Tiempo de CFK (2008)

References

Veiga, Gustavo (2009). "Nikita, fugaz wing de Estudiantes de La Plata", Página/12, 27-09-2009.

1939 births
2011 deaths
Godio
Argentine sociologists
Niederkrüchten

Niederkrüchten is a municipality in the district of Viersen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 15 km east of Roermond and 15 km west of Mönchengladbach.

Elmpt 
The formerly separate settlement of Elmpt was incorporated into Niederkrüchten in 1972. Elmpt was the site of a British armed forces base, known from its construction in 1953 until 2002 as RAF Brüggen and from 2002 until 2015 as Javelin Barracks. In December 2015 the base was handed back to the North Rhine-Westphalian authorities, who use it as accommodation for refugees.

Personalities

Personalities born in Niederkrüchten
 Wilhelm Lindemann (1828–1879), priest in Niederkrüchten, literary historian and deputy of the Prussian Landtag
 Karl Otten (1889–1963), writer and pacifist
 Helmut Loos (1950–), musicologist
 Amilia Heidlberger (1965-), french writer and activist

Personalities associated with Niederkrüchten

 Waldemar Bonsels (1880–1952), writer (for example Maya the Bee)
 Charlotte Roche (born 1978), actor and author

Economy

References

External links

Viersen (district)
Beatrice Chancy

Beatrice Chancy is a Canadian chamber opera in four acts composed by James Rolfe. The libretto by George Elliott Clarke is based on his verse play of the same name. The opera was premiered in Toronto on 18 June 1998 by the Queen of Puddings Music Theatre Company with Measha Brueggergosman in the title role.

Based on Percy Bysshe Shelley's play The Cenci, which was itself based on the true story of Beatrice Cenci, the opera transplants the story from 16th century Italy to the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia in the 19th century. In this adaptation, Beatrice is the multiracial daughter of Francis Chancy, a brutish white slave owner, and Mafa, a Guinean slave woman who was raped by Francis. After Francis forces Beatrice into an incestuous encounter in a monastery, Beatrice and Mafa conspire to murder him.

The opera was reprised in Toronto and Halifax in 1999, and in Edmonton in 2001, again with Brueggergosman in the title role, and filmed for television by the Canadian Broadcasting Company.
4 <ref> Pivato, Joseph (2012)Africadian Atlantic: Essays on George Elliott Clarke (includes three articles on Beatrice Chancy).<ref>

References

External links
Beatrice Chancy on the official website of Queen of Puddings Music Theatre Company
Zapf, Donna Doris Anne (2004). Singing History, Performing Race: An Analysis of Three Canadian Operas: Beatrice Chancy, Elsewhereless, and Louis Riel. (unpublished PhD. thesis, University of Victoria)

Operas
English-language operas
1998 operas
Nova Scotia in fiction
Operas set in Canada
Operas based on plays
Operas based on real people
Cultural depictions of Beatrice Cenci
Founder's Day

Founder's Day, Founders Day, or Founders' Day and variations may refer to:

Founders' Day (Ghana), a public holiday in Ghana
Founder's Day (Music Festival) an annual campus festival at Vassar College
Founders' Day (Scouting), a Scouting commemoration associated with Scouts' Day
Founders Day (South Africa), an observance and former public holiday in South Africa
"Founder's Day" (The Vampire Diaries), a 2010 episode of the TV series The Vampire Diaries
Founders' Day, a former public holiday in Rhodesia
Founder's Day, a holiday of the American Revolution
Founder's Day, an annual event at many Indian private boarding schools, such as The Doon School
Suppression (eye)

Suppression of an eye is a subconscious adaptation by a person's brain to eliminate the symptoms of disorders of binocular vision such as strabismus, convergence insufficiency and aniseikonia. The brain can eliminate double vision by ignoring all or part of the image of one of the eyes. The area of a person's visual field that is suppressed is called the suppression scotoma (with a scotoma meaning, more generally, an area of partial alteration in the visual field). Suppression can lead to amblyopia.

Effect 
Nobel-prize winner David H. Hubel described suppression in simple terms as follows:
"Suppression is familiar to anyone who has trained himself to look through a monocular microscope, sight a gun, or do any other strictly one-eye task, with the other eye open. The scene simply disappears for the suppressed eye."

Suppression is frequent in children with anisometropia or strabismus or both. For instance, children with infantile esotropia may alternate with which eye they look, each time suppressing vision in the other eye.

Measurement 
During an eye examination, the presence of suppression and the size and location of the suppression scotoma may be the Worth 4 dot test (a subjective test that is considered to be the most precise suppression test), or with other subjective tests such as the Bagolini striated lens test, or with objective tests such as the 4 prism base out test.

Anti-suppression therapy 
Suppression may treated with vision therapy, though there is a wide range of opinions on long-term effectiveness between eye care professionals.

Age factors 
Young children with strabismus normally suppress the visual field of one eye (or part of it), whereas adults who develop strabismus normally do not suppress and therefore suffer from double vision (diplopia). This also means that adults (and older children) have a higher risk of post-operative diplopia after undergoing strabismus surgery than young children. Patients who have undergone strabismus surgery at a young age often have monofixation syndrome (with peripheral binocular fusion and a central suppression scotoma).

See also 
Amblyopia
Bagolini Striated Glasses Test
Diplopia
Infantile esotropia

References 

 Carlson, NB, et al. Clinical Procedures for Ocular Examination. Second Ed. Mc Graw-Hill. New York 1996.

Human eye
Binocular rivalry
Schwalmtal

Schwalmtal can refer to two municipalities in Germany:

 Schwalmtal, North Rhine-Westphalia, in the district of Viersen, North Rhine-Westphalia
 Schwalmtal, Hesse, in Vogelsbergkreis, Hesse
World of Labor Institute

The Instituto del Mundo del Trabajo (Spanish for World of Labor Institute) is an Argentine labor research institute, with offices in Buenos Aires, Mar del Plata and other cities. Its current chairman is Julio Godio.

External links
Official website
Veiga, Gustavo (2009). "Nikita, fugaz wing de Estudiantes de La Plata", Página/12, 27-09-2009. 

Labor in Argentina
WRNO (shortwave)

WRNO (also known as WRNO Worldwide) is a commercial shortwave radio station which began international broadcasting on February 18, 1982  and continued regular broadcasting through the early 1990s from Metairie, Louisiana, with a continuation of periodic broadcasts starting in 2009. These call letters are still in use by the New Orleans station WRNO-FM; both were founded and originally owned by Joseph Costello III.

The 1980s and 1990s
At the time of its approval by the FCC, WRNO Worldwide was the first privately owned shortwave station that had been licensed in several years.  Before Costello's efforts, there were only three non-governmental American shortwave broadcasters on the air; by the end of the decade, that number had increased to sixteen. During the 1980s, WRNO shortwave had a rock music format, branded as the "World Rock of New Orleans" and operating from noon to midnight (GMT-6) daily.  Originally a separate broadcast from the FM station, eventually WRNO turned to simulcasting WRNO-FM, which also had a rock music format. During the early 1990s WRNO turned to leasing airtime to religious and political commentators (for a time, it was the shortwave home of Rush Limbaugh's program) until a damaged transmitter forced the station off the air for several years.

The 2000s and beyond
The station was bought in 2001 by Good News World Outreach, a non-profit religious broadcaster, and Robert Mawire, with the stated goal of broadcasting to areas where access to Christian materials are limited or restricted, but progress was slowed significantly when the antenna was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina.  In August 2008, several DXers noted WRNO testing with Christian music on 7.505 MHz. As of February 2009, the station was still testing on 7.505 MHz with a stated schedule of 0100-0400 UTC.  The new WRNO Worldwide is also approved for 7.355 and 15.59 MHz, but has not yet used those frequencies on a regular basis.

As of June 2009, WRNO apparently resumed broadcasting normally and was still appearing in some SWL logs at the beginning of 2010, but by the end of the year the station reported that the transmitter was once again offline for major repairs. As a result, the station was off the air for the entirety of 2011 apart from occasional transmitter tests. In a December 2011 Facebook post they anticipated returning to a full transmission schedule "sometime in January [2012]". WRNO was heard on air  as November 14, 2013 at 7.505 MHz, and currently runs three hours of programming (from 0200 UTC to 0500 UTC on a frequency reported as the unusual number of "7506.4 kHz", while claiming to use 7505 kHz in on-air IDs.

References

External links
A former employee describes Costello's WRNO
WRNO on Twitter
WRNO Short Wave Broadcasting Facility

WRNO
WRNO
WRNO
Radio stations established in 1982
1982 establishments in Louisiana
Giulești

Giulești () is a neighbourhood in northwestern Bucharest, located in Sector 6. The Giulești Stadium, Giulești Theatre, Podul Grant are located in Giulești. Also, the Grivița Railway Yards and Lacul Morii are located nearby.

History 
The area was inhabited for millennia and it gives its name to the neolithic Giulești-Boian culture, the middle phase of the Boian culture, which inhabited in the 4th millennium BC Muntenia and later expanded into southern Moldavia and southern Transylvania.

In the Middle Ages it was a village, later incorporated into Chiajna Commune, and absorbed into Bucharest in 1939. In the early 1960s a number of 4 storey apartment buildings were raised in the era, initially named as the Constructorilor housing estate. A few years later on the Giulesti avenue in the mid 1960s 8 storey apartment buildings were raised, along with the Prunaru market next to the stadium. It wasn't until the 1980s when mass demolition commenced, replacing old houses with standardised apartment blocks. Nowadays only a few houses remain standing as the neighborhood is dominated by these apartment buildings.

Notable landmarks 
The Giulesti Stadium (officially "Rapid Arena") is the home of Rapid București football club.

 Giulești Stadium
 Giulești Theatre
 Podul Grant
 Grivița Railway Yards
 Lacul Morii

References 

Districts of Bucharest
Smart City Radio

Smart City is a weekly radio show broadcast on National Public Radio stations across the United States. Smart City is a weekly, hour-long public radio interview show that takes an in-depth look at urban life, the people, places, ideas and
trends shaping cities. Our host, Carol Coletta, talks with national and
international public policy experts, elected officials, economists,
business leaders, artists, developers, planners and others for a
discussion of urban issues.

Host
Carol Coletta is president and CEO of CEOs for Cities and host and executive producer of the nationally syndicated public radio show Smart City Before moving to Chicago to head CEOs for Cities, she served as president of Coletta & Company in Memphis. In addition, she served as executive director of the Mayors’ Institute on City Design, a partnership of the National Endowment for the Arts, United States Conference of Mayors and American Architectural Foundation.

Format
The show consists of two interviews with guests on topics pertaining to city life, urbanism, architecture and public policy.  Regular segments include a  newsbrief from the assistant editor of Planetizen.com, Nate Berg, and a short essay from J. Walker Smith.  Occasionally, Smart City will air short, produced pieces on city life, events, or other items of interest. The show is pre-recorded, and aired at various times in various markets and is podcast.

Staff and contributors
Carol Coletta - host - executive producer
Scotty Iseri - producer - contributing editor
 Nate Berg - correspondent: Planetizen.com
 J. Walker Smith - contributor: City Views
Otis White: - former contributor

 
The show's theme was composed for the program by Robby Grant and Steve Selvidge.

References

External links
Official website
Smart City podcast RSS Feed 
Show Archive
Vending Machine Creators of the Smart City theme music. 
Producer Scotty Iseri
Planetizen.com Contributor Nate Berg

American variety radio programs
NPR programs
2001 radio programme debuts
Schwalmtal, North Rhine-Westphalia

Schwalmtal is a municipality in the district of Viersen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is named after the river Schwalm, which flows through the area. Schwalmtal is situated approximately 12 km west of Mönchengladbach.

References

External links

Viersen (district)
One-eyed jack (disambiguation)

One-eyed jack is a playing card in a standard deck of cards.

One-eyed jack may also refer to:
 One-Eyed Jacks, a 1961 Western film directed by Marlon Brando
 Alone in the Dark: One-Eyed Jack's Revenge, the 1993 sequel to the video game Alone in the Dark
 One Eyed Jacks (Twin Peaks), a brothel on the show Twin Peaks
 One-Eyed Jack (band), a jam band from Rutherford, NJ
 One Eyed Jacks (album), a 1984 album by Spear of Destiny
 One-Eyed Jack (album), a 1978 album by Garland Jeffreys
 One-Eyed Jack, a 1970s British comic strip
 "One-Eyed Jack," an unidentified murder victim discovered in Tok, Alaska
 One-Eyed Jacks, a 1991 anthology in the Wild Cards series edited by George R. R. Martin
 One-Eyed Jack, leader of the alien Bounty Hunters working for Damocles and the Sword in the Gen¹³ comics and the Fire from Heaven crossover.
 Egg in the basket, an egg fried in a hole in a slice of bread
Transition region

Transition region may refer to:

 Solar transition region
 Filter transition region
Parkstad Limburg

Parkstad Limburg (; Ripuarian and  ) is a conurbation of seven municipalities in the southern part of the province of Limburg in the Netherlands. Consisting of Heerlen, Kerkrade, Landgraaf, Brunssum, Simpelveld, Voerendaal and Beekdaelen, the municipalities work together to improve public services, transport and housing on a regional level. This collaboration started in 1999. Within Parkstad, the city of Heerlen functions as the centre of economic and social activity, and to a lesser extent the cities Kerkrade and Landgraaf function in the same regard as regional hubs.

Land use
The name Parkstad, Dutch for "Park City", is derived from the relative greenness of the towns, 94,17 km2 (53%) of its area used for non-urban purposes. However, only 10% of the area (roughly 17.8 km2) is forest and nature, 42% (roughly 74.96 km2) is used for agriculture. Previously, the area had been known as Oostelijke Mijnstreek or Eastern Mining District, as it was the primary coal mining area of the Netherlands.

IBA Parkstad 2020
In 2012 Parkstad became the site of the first Internationale Bauausstellung (IBA) in the Netherlands, running until 2020. The International Architecture Exhibition is a German concept in which new social, cultural and technological ideas are implemented within eight to ten years. Parkstad is one of the first regions in the Netherlands to face negative demographic growth. It is hoped that the IBA helps to find new strategies to deal with this phenomenon.

See also
Parkstad Limburg Stadion

References

External links
 

Regions of Limburg (Netherlands)
South Limburg (Netherlands)
Billy Burden

William George Burden (15 June 1914 – 3 June 1994) was an English actor and comedian, who specialised in playing "country bumpkin" roles.

He made many appearances in the Theatre Royal panto in Bath, Somerset for Frank Maddox. Debuted on ITV as William in the TV series A Present for Dickie (1969–70), but only six episodes were made. From 1972 to 1984 he guested many times on the touring cabaret show "The Rick Jango Road Show" In 1978, he guest-starred as a farmer in the episode 'Nappy Days' of George & Mildred. In 1980, he starred in another short-lived TV series, Oh, Happy Band, playing the role of Mr Sowerby. Again, only six episodes were made.

In 1982, he appeared in the Val Guest film The Boys in Blue (as the herdsman). Burden also guest-starred four times in Hi-de-Hi!; three times as Mr Turner (1986 & 1988) and once as Mr Thompson (1986). Burden is also known for his role as Morris Moulterd in Grace & Favour (American and Canadian title: Are You Being Served? Again!) (1992–93), a spin-off from Are You Being Served?. Burden died of a heart attack in 1994.

References

External links
 
 Billy Burden obituary in The Independent

1914 births
1994 deaths
English male stage actors
English male film actors
English male television actors
People from Wimborne Minster
Male actors from Dorset
20th-century English male actors
Tellurium hexafluoride

Tellurium hexafluoride is the inorganic compound of tellurium and fluorine with the chemical formula TeF6. It is a colorless, highly toxic gas with an unpleasant odor.

Preparation 
Tellurium hexafluoride can be prepared by treating tellurium with fluorine gas at 150 °C. It can also be prepared by fluorination of TeO3 with bromine trifluoride. Upon heating, TeF4 disproportionates to give TeF6 and Te.

Properties 
Tellurium hexafluoride is a highly symmetric octahedral molecule.  Its physical properties resemble those of the hexafluorides of sulfur and selenium.  It is less volatile, however, due to the increase in polarizability.  At temperatures below −38 °C, tellurium hexafluoride condenses to a volatile white solid.

Reactivity 
Tellurium hexafluoride is much more chemically reactive than SF6. For example, TeF6 slowly hydrolyzes to Te(OH)6:
TeF6 + 6 H2O → Te(OH)6 + 6 HF
Treatment of tellurium hexafluoride with tetramethylammonium fluoride (Me4NF) gives, sequentially, the hepta- and octafluorides:
TeF6 + Me4NF → Me4NTeF7
Me4NTeF7 + Me4NF → (Me4N)2TeF8

Further sources 
W.C. Cooper, Tellurium, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, 1971.
K.W. Bagnall, The Chemistry of Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium, Elsevier Publishing, New York, 1966.
R.T. Sanderson, Chemical Periodicity, Reinhold, New York, USA, 1960.
F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C.A. Murillo, and M. Bochmann; Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
G.J. Hathaway, N.H. Proctor, Chemical Hazards of the Workplace, 5th edition, Wiley-Interscience, New Jersey, 2004.

References

External links 
 Web Elements
 OSHA
 CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

Tellurium halides
Hexafluorides
Octahedral compounds
Foul-smelling chemicals
Tellurium(VI) compounds
S. Fischer Verlag

S. Fischer Verlag is a major German publishing house, which has operated as a division of Holtzbrinck Publishing Group since 1962. The publishing house was founded in 1881 by Samuel Fischer in Berlin, but is currently based in Frankfurt am Main, and is traditionally counted among the most prestigious publishing houses in the German-speaking world.

History
Originally, it was renowned for naturalistic literature. Famous authors include Gerhart Hauptmann and Thomas Mann, both awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.

After the Nazis came  to power in Germany, the Jewish family of owner Gottfried Bermann-Fischer fled and founded a branch of their publishing house in Vienna. Those who remained in Berlin kept the official name "S. Fischer Verlag" and were led by Peter Suhrkamp.

After the Second World War, disputes over the future of the publishing house arose between Suhrkamp and Fischer. This led to an out-of-court agreement, resulting in a sort of bisection of the S. Fischer Verlag: Bermann-Fischer regained control from Peter Suhrkamp, but Suhrkamp founded his own Suhrkamp publishing house in 1950, and authors could choose which publishing house they wanted to be published by in future. Ultimately, 33 of the 48 authors, among them Bertolt Brecht, Hermann Hesse, T. S. Eliot and George Bernard Shaw, decided to change to Suhrkamp.

Among the imprints of Fischer are Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Argon Verlag and Scherz Verlag. Today the S. Fischer Verlag, as well as other publishers, such as  Kindler, Rowohlt, and Kiepenheuer & Witsch and Metzler, are part of Holtzbrinck, a publishing group. Holtzbrinck bought S. Fischer in 1963.

In 2010, O. W. Barth Verlag, which had been part of Scherz Verlag, was acquired by Droemer Knaur, which is also part of the Holtzbrinck Group.

Edition Peters — a prominent publisher for worldwide music — was located next door to them, but in 2014 moved to Leipzig.

Controversies 
In 2015, S. Fischer Verlag sued US-based Project Gutenberg in German court for copyright infringement of 18 works by Heinrich Mann, Thomas Mann and Alfred Döblin, works in the public domain in the US, but still copyrighted under German law. In February 2018 Project Gutenberg responded to the German court's judgement by blocking all access to Project Gutenberg from IP addresses in Germany, making the full content of Project Gutenberg inaccessible for German residents.

Further reading
Martin Mauthner: German Writers in French Exile, 1933-1940, Vallentine Mitchell, London 2007,

References

External links
 
At Holtzbrinck

Book publishing companies of Germany
Holtzbrinck Publishing Group
Companies based in Frankfurt
Mass media in Frankfurt
Publishing companies established in 1886
1886 establishments in Germany
Brendan Beiser

Brendan Joseph Beiser (born April 17, 1970) is a Canadian actor best known for his performance as Agent Pendrell in the science fiction television show The X-Files.

Personal life 
Beiser was born in Boston. He is the son of Order of Canada recipient, professor Morton Beiser, and Canadian socialite Roberta Lando Beiser, brother to journalist Vince Beiser, and is related to actor Peter Lando as well as horror film director Jeffrey Lando. Beiser moved from Boston to France at age six, and then to Vancouver at age seven. He studied theatre at Concordia University in Montreal, and later attended the William Davis Centre for Actors' Study in Vancouver, where he studied under William B. Davis and Mark Bauer.

Brendan lives in Vancouver.

Career 
Beiser is primarily a comedic actor, appearing in sketch-comedy productions like Aardvark (1994) and taking comic roles in feature films Something Beneath and TV such as Night Man, The Fear: Resurrection (1999), Ice Angel (2000), and Wolf Canyon. He has also voiced the character of Quincy in Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen's animated series Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action!

Along with best friend Trevor White, Beiser co-starred in a stage play and short film called Aardvark! which he wrote and directed for the 1997 Canadian Fringe Festival. He also directed the short film --Er, chronicling his attempt to produce a film starring his family for a festival competition, which won the ZeD People's Choice Award at the 2003 ReelFast 48 Hour Film Festival. Beiser and White also have their own production company, called Duck, a Whale.

More recently Beiser has become the face of LifeWise Health Plan of Oregon's "boringly good" campaign.

References

External links
 

1970 births
Living people
American emigrants to Canada
Canadian male stage actors
Canadian male television actors
Concordia University alumni
Male actors from Boston
Male actors from Vancouver
Černá Hora

Černá Hora (i.e. black mountain in Czech) may refer to:

Černá Hora (Blansko District), a market town in the Czech Republic
Černá hora (Bohemian Forest), a peak in the Bohemian Forest
 Černá hora, a peak in the Giant Mountains
Montenegro, a country called Černá Hora in Czech

See also
Montenegro (disambiguation)
Black Mountain (disambiguation)