alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Tayside

Tayside was a government region on the east coast of Scotland. It was named after the River Tay. The capital city of the region was Dundee.

The region was created in 1974. It was removed in 1995 because local government in Scotland was made simpler.

References 
Local government in Scotland
Dundee

Dundee is a city on the east coast of Scotland where the River Tay flows into the North Sea. It is the fourth largest city in Scotland.  It was famous as the city of "Jute, jam, and journalism", because jute and jam were made there, and several newspapers were printed in the city.

Dundee has a population of 148,260 people. It is the fourth largest city in Scotland.

There are two universities in Dundee. They are called the University of Dundee and the University of Abertay Dundee.

It also is home to two professional football teams. Dundee F.C. and Dundee United F.C., who both play in the Scottish Premier League. Unusually, their stadiums (Dens Park and Tannadice) are very close together, in the same street.

Dundee Airport serves the area.

References 

 
Port cities and towns of Scotland
Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Oxford

Oxford is a city in England. It is on the River Thames. It is a very old city. It is the 52nd largest city in the United Kingdom. Some of its buildings were built before the 12th century. It is famous for its university, Oxford University, which is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.

About 150,200 live in Oxford. Two rivers run through the city, the Cherwell and the Thames. These two rivers meet south of the city centre.

Besides its university, there are some buildings famous for their architecture (the style in which they were built), like the Radcliffe Camera. There are also lots of museums and other places for tourists to visit.

The south and east of the city are less wealthy and have fewer students. Cowley used to be a separate town and has a large car factory, and Blackbird Leys is an area of mainly council housing.

Transport

Rail 
Oxford has a station in the centre of the city and a station on the outskirts of the city.

References

Other websites 
 Oxford - Citizendium

County towns in England
George VI

George VI (born Albert Frederick Arthur George Windsor; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom from 11 December 1936 until his death on 6 February 1952. He became king when his older brother, Edward VIII, abdicated in 1936 to marry Wallis Simpson. George was married to Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon from April 1923 until his death.

He was succeeded as monarch by his elder daughter, Elizabeth.

George had a stutter. This made it very difficult for him to carry out many of the public duties of a king which required him to make speeches. He was treated by an Australian speech and language therapist called Lionel Logue. The story of this part of George's life was made into a movie in 2010 called The King's Speech. Colin Firth played the role of George, and Geoffrey Rush played the role of Logue.

George became a very popular king throughout the British Empire. He won admiration during World War II (19391945), in which he stayed at Buckingham Palace during the most intense months of the Blitz. The Palace was bombed more than twice but he still remained, becoming a symbol of resistance and "fighting spirit". He enjoyed a close working relationship with his wartime Prime Minister Winston Churchill, inviting him to join the Royal Family on Victory in Europe Day (1945) to celebrate the defeat of the Nazis.

After World War II ended, his health began to decline which meant he couldn’t do many duties as king so Princess Elizabeth took them on in his place. A heavy smoker, George died of lung cancer and was given a state funeral. He was 56 years old.

British Prime Ministers
 Stanley Baldwin (1935–1937)
 Neville Chamberlain (1937–1940)
 Winston Churchill (first term, 1940–1945)
 Clement Attlee (1945–1951)
 Winston Churchill (second term, 1951–1952)

Family 
George VI was the son of King George V and Queen Mary. He was the younger brother of Edward VIII, who gave up the throne to marry an American divorced woman, Wallis Simpson. In April 1923, George married his beloved wife Elizabeth, who later became known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. They had two children, Princesses Elizabeth (later Elizabeth II) (19262022) and Margaret (19302002).

Death and funeral 
George VI died on 6 February 1952. Crowds began to gather in London in the early hours of the morning of the funeral. Thousands saw the event on television. Shortly after 9:00am, the funeral procession arrived at Westminster Hall. More than 300,000 people paid their respects to his body which lay in state for three days.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 
 
 

1895 births
1952 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from lung cancer
English Anglicans
English royalty
House of Windsor
Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom
People from Norfolk
Elizabeth II
Anatolia

Anatolia, also called Asia Minor (from Ancient Greek: 'Άνατολή, Turkish: Anadolu), is a peninsula that forms the center and the west of modern Turkey.

It has an area of . Most of it is a plateau. that averages   above sea level. Its climate is continental and semi-arid in the interior, temperate along the northern coast, and subtropical along the southern and the western coasts. Most of its people speak Turkish.

Anatolia is surrounded by the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It is between Christian Europe and Asia. This has lead to people of many different cultures living there. 

Many great historical peoples have lived in or occupied Anatolia; They include the Hittites, Lydians, Greeks, Persians, Armenians, Romans, Goths, Minoans, Byzantines and Ottomans.  The Roman Empire had a province called Asia that was also called Phrygia. People later started to call the entire continent Asia. Because of this, the peninsula became called Asia Minor (Little Asia).

Troy is the most famous of the many cities that used to exist in Anatolia. 

Middle East
Peninsulas of Asia
Science Olympiad

The Science Olympiad is a nationwide event in the United States that tests students' knowledge in science and technology. It started in 1982, and takes place every year.

Science Olympiad consists of twenty three events testing students in middle and high school on different science topics, such as astronomy and chemistry.

Science competitions
Events in the United States
1982 establishments in the United States
Bookstore

A bookstore is a store that sells books, and where people can buy them. A used bookstore or second-hand bookshop sells and often buys used books.

Some modern bookstore combine the books (including digital books) and coffee or CDs.

Related pages 
 Library
 Book

Booksellers
Books
Lemonade

Lemonade is a drink made with water, lemons or lemon juice, and sugar. 

There are two main types: cloudy, and clear, each known simply as "lemonade" in their home countries. Cloudy lemonade, generally found in North America and India, is a traditionally homemade drink made with lemon juice, water, and sweetened with cane sugar or honey. Clear lemonade is a lemon, or lemon-lime flavored, carbonated soft drink. This type is common in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand.

To make 8 cups of lemonade, mix the juice of 8 freshly squeezed lemons with 1/2 a cup of sugar and 5 cups of water and serve over ice cubes. A diced (cut up) lemon or lime can also be added to mixture. The sugar is sometimes replaced by maple syrup.

Pink lemonade can be made by adding some grenadine or another red juice, or using pink lemons. Some pink lemonades are lightly carbonated, including French brand Lorina lemonade.

In the United Kingdom, Australia, Switzerland, and New Zealand, the term 'lemonade' refers to a clear, carbonated, sweet lemon-flavored soft drink. In India it is commonly referred to as 'Nimbu paani' meaning "lemon water" or 'Shikanji'. It is sold by street vendors, especially in North India.

Lemonade stands are a small shops made by kids especially in the U.S. Children sell it to adults to learn the basics of business and to earn some money.

References 

Soft drinks
Melting

Melting is the process of changing something from a solid into a liquid (like metal into liquid metal). It is the opposite of freezing. The temperature at which something begins to melt is called its melting point. When an object is heated, the object's particles begin to move faster and faster until the structured particles are freed. Now it is a liquid. It is a solid that is turning into a liquid. Ice takes longer to melt it is in cold water, because the water is near the melting point. It melts more quickly in warm water, far from the melting point.

References

Related pages
Freezing
Sublimation

Matter
Essex

Essex is a county in the east of England. It has a population of around 1,750,000 people. It is part of the East of England region. Chelmsford is the county town of Essex, as well as being its only city. Essex has London and Hertfordshire on its western border and the whole of the east of the county is coast-line. The north of the county borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire. The south of the county is on the Thames Estuary. The Dartford Tunnel can be used to drive under the River Thames between Essex and Kent.

Other large towns in Essex are Colchester, the oldest town in England, Basildon, a new town, and in the south-eastern corner of the county Southend, one of Britain's biggest seaside resorts.

There has been lots of recent debate about whether certain sections of East London should be included as parts of Essex, such as Ilford and Romford. Due to boundary changes across the years, these areas were historically in Essex but have been dissolved into the Greater London area since.

Related pages 
 Kingdom of Essex

Other websites 

 
Ceremonial counties of England
Southend-on-Sea

Southend-on-Sea is a city and unitary authority borough in the East of England. It is a seaside resort in the south-eastern corner of the county of Essex.

History

It was built in 1790s when the Grand Hotel (now Royal Hotel) was made. It had a decline in 1960’s. On 15 October, 2021, Sir David Amess, the MP was killed in the church. Three days later, the Prime Minister and the Queen told them it would become a city. It became a city on 1 March, 2022.

The Pier

Southend is known for the longest pier in United Kingdom. The pier is 2,158 meters
(1.34 miles) long. It has a railway line that runs to the pier head. It had been badly damaged by big fires five times in 1959, 1976, 1977, 1995 and 2005. It was made in 1830 as wood which had to be longer three times. It had turned to a iron pier in 1889. Near that, there are arcades, two hotels, casinos and a theme park with rides called Adventure Island.

Transport

Railway

Southend has ten railway stations. Two are the biggest and both found near the centre.

Airport

Southend has a airport called London Southend Airport It had made the runway longer in 2012.

Other websites 
 Southend Pier

Essex boroughs
Towns in Essex
Cumbria

Cumbria is a county in England. It is in the very north-western part of England on the border with Scotland. The most important and biggest town is Carlisle, in the north of the county. This is the county town and there is an ancient (very old) castle in the centre of the town.

In 1974, Cumberland, Westmorland and bits of Yorkshire and Lancashire were put into the new county of Cumbria. The world famous Lake District national park is in Cumbria. Millions of tourists visit the Lake District to enjoy sailing on the lakes and the impressive mountains that are here. The highest mountain in England is in the Lake District, it is called Scar Fell.

Cumbria is very popular with people who enjoy walking although the weather is very poor here. It often rains and is cold. Many tourists from Japan and China visit Cumbria. Popular places for them and other tourists to see are the poet William Wordsworth's two houses, the home of the famous children's writer Beatrix Potter and the island and lake where the writer Arthur Ransome based his books about the 'Swallows And Amazons'.

Other websites 

 Official Tourist Board Website 
 Cumbria Tourist and Historical Website 
 BBC Cumbria Digital Lives Project
 Cumbria.uk.com Search Engine
 The Cumbria Directory

Ceremonial counties of England
 
1974 establishments in England
Diana Ross

Diana Ross (born March 26 1944) is an American singer. She became successful with the Motown group The Supremes. The Supremes sold millions of albums and made it possible for other African American musical acts to become famous with international audiences.

Diana Ross had a successful solo career from the 1970s. She is a highly-paid concert performer. She also starred in three movies: Lady Sings The Blues, the story of the blues singer Billie Holiday; Mahogany, a story about a fashion designer; and The Wiz, an African-American version of the book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.

Personal life
She was born in 1944 in Detroit, Michigan. Ross worked as a secretary for Motown Records in Detroit.

Ross has five children and two grandchildren.

Other websites

1944 births
20th-century American singers
African-American singers
African American actors
Diana Ross
Living people
People from Bessemer, Alabama
Singers from Alabama
Actors from Alabama
Actors from Detroit
Singers from Detroit
American R&B singers
American soul singers
American disco singers
Enid Blyton

Enid Blyton (11 of August 1897 – 28 November 1968) was an English writer. She was born in Dulwich, South London, England. She was one of the world's most famous children's writers. She  wrote a great number of books. Her most famous stories are the Famous Five stories, about a group of four children (Dick, Julian, Anne, and Georgina, who wanted to be called George) and their dog (Timmy) who have many adventures, and her Noddy books for small children.

Her parents wanted her to become a pianist, but Enid wanted to be a teacher. Her parents agreed to let her train as a teacher. She began teaching in 1919 in Kent, not far from where she grew up in Beckenham.

As a child and teenager her main interest had been writing poems, stories and other items. She had sent many of them to magazines but had never had any published. As she worked as a teacher she began to publish her articles in a magazine called  Teachers' World. Her first book, called Child Whispers came out in 1922. It was a book of her poems with illustrations (drawings).

She was married soon after. She left teaching and began to have more success with her books. She wrote in and was the editor of magazine for children called Sunny Stories. The magazine came out every two weeks. Some of Enid's most famous books were first printed in this magazine in parts.

Enid Blyton is in The Guinness Book of Records as one of the world's biggest selling writers. She is also included because she wrote more books than almost any other writer (about 700). Her books were published in many different languages. She said that she found writing them easy. Her books still sell in large numbers, and used to be owned by her family. A few years ago her family sold them, and now her works belong to a private company.

Enid Blyton did a lot of work for charity and had a club for children which helped them to give money to charity. She was married twice and had two daughters. She died of Alzheimer's disease in Hampstead, London.

Blyton, Enid 1952. The Story of my Life. Grafton. ISBN 978-0-246-12795-2
Stoney, Barbara 2006. Enid Blyton: the biography. (Kindle ed.) History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-6957-7

Other websites 

The Enid Blyton Society
EnidBlyton.net
Heather's Blyton Pages 
Enid Blyton Collectors' and Enthusiasts' Guide to First Editions

1897 births
1968 deaths
English children's writers
Writers from London
Saint Denis

Saint Denis is the patron saint of France. 

Saint Denis was the first bishop of Paris. He supposedly went there between 250 and 270. He was executed in 272. According to legend, he was beheaded. After his beheading, he walked away, his head under his arms, along what is today the Rue des Martyrs in Paris. After about , he gave his head to a pious woman, who had a basilica erected in the spot. 

3rd-century births
272 deaths
Christian saints
Dragon

A dragon is a legendary creature, belonging to mythology and fantasy. There are stories about dragons in Chinese culture, European culture, South American culture, and many others.

There are many kinds of dragons in the different cultures. In general:
 A dragon has none to four legs, claws, scales, spikes or optional wings.
 A dragon can look like a reptile, such as a snake.
 Some dragons can be heard about in stories, (e.g) George and the Dragon.

 The Chinese dragon is associated with the emperor of China. It is the symbol of Chinese Imperial power.

Dragons are in many stories such as How to Train Your Dragon (movie), and Harry Potter. Some stories, such as those by Anne McCaffrey, have dragons who are looking for help, or giving help. A dragon also appears in the Book of Revelation chapters 12-13, where he is seen as the Devil.

References

Other websites

Dragons Across Cultures at Draconika

Related pages 
 Azhdakha is a legendary creature in Bashkir folklore.

 
Legendary creatures
National symbols of Portugal
Inertia

'Inertia is the resistance of the object to any change in its motion, including a change in direction. An object will stay still or keep moving at the same speed and in a straight line, unless it is acted upon by an external unbalanced force.

For example, a rubber ball will not start bouncing around unless someone picks it up and throws it. Basically, if an object is not moving, it will not start moving unless something else acts upon it. The same idea can be applied to motion: an object in motion will stay in motion unless some outside, opposing force acts upon it. Inertia is also called Sir Isaac Newton's First Law of Motion. The First Law of Motion says that:
	"Every body perseveres in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight ahead, except insofar as it is compelled to change its state by forces impressed. [Cohen & Whitman 1999 translation]
	This basically means: Every object stays at rest or stays moving at the same speed unless something makes it change.Johannes Kepler gave inertia its name in Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae'' (published in three parts from 1617 to 1621)
     Albert Einstein developed the idea of Special Relativity based on Galileo's statement that it is impossible to tell the difference between a moving object and a stationary one without some outside reference to compare it against.

Related pages
Moment of inertia
Newton's laws of motion

Mechanics
Basic physics ideas
York

York is a historic walled city in North Yorkshire, England. The Romans called it Eboracum, and it was the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior. The Vikings called it Jorvik.  

About 154,000 people live in York. It was the traditional county town of Yorkshire but it is no longer. It is now a "unitary authority". Whatever it is called, York is still the most important city in the NorthEast of England.

The city is one of 15 in England to have a Lord Mayor

History 

The city has been important in many political events in its two millennia of existence. The city offers many historical attractions, of which York Minster is the most well-known. For many centuries before the railway, the distance to London meant that York acted as the capital city of the North. Only later did Liverpool on the West become as important, with the growth of sea trading across the Atlantic.

Eboracum 
The city was founded by the Romans as Eboracum  in 71 AD. 
Its position where the rivers Ouse and Fosse converge was likely one of the reasons the site was chosen.

It was later the capital of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern province of the Church of England,

The centre of York is medieval. It has famous old streets and a cathedral called York Minster. To the west of York is Leeds, Wetherby and Harrogate. To the south of York is Selby, and to the east of York is Scarborough.

Archbishop of York
York is home to the Archbishop of York, a high-ranking cleric in the Church of England who is second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. The current Archbishop of York is Stephen Cottrell, who has held the post since July 2020.

There are many cultural and sporting activities making it a popular tourist destination for millions.

Gallery

Unitary authorities
North Yorkshire

North Yorkshire is a large county in the region of Yorkshire in Northern Europe.

North Yorkshire is part of one bigger county called Yorkshire. The three parts of Yorkshire are called the West Riding, the East Riding, and the North Riding. in 1974, the names changed. The "North Riding" changed to "North Yorkshire". The other main parts of Yorkshire are now South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, and the East Riding of Yorkshire.

The largest city in North Yorkshire is York. York is now (since 1996) a unitary authority, it is not officially part of North Yorkshire.

North Yorkshire is the largest county in England. It has several towns. It also has many open green areas and hills, so two of the 11 UK national parks (the North York Moors and most of the Yorkshire Dales) are in North Yorkshire.

Ceremonial counties of England
 
1974 establishments in England
Pig Latin

Pig Latin is a language code or game and is most often used by children who speak English. 

The usual rules are:
 For words that begin with consonants, move the consonant to the end of the word and add "ay."
 For words that begin with vowels, simply add "ay" to the end of the word.

Pig Latin that one writes is sometimes written with dashes, between the first part and the "c-ay" letters, and sometimes it is not. A sentence can be "Is-thay is-ay an-ay example-ay of-ay Ig-pay Atin-lay ith-way ashes-day", or "Isthay isay anay exampleay ofay Igpay Atinlay ithoutway ashesday."

In Pig Latin, this sentence:
 Is-thay is-ay an-way example-ay of-ay Ig-pay Atin-lay. As-ay ou-yay an-cay ee-say, it-ay is-ay illy-say, ut-bay ots-lay of-ay un-fay or-fay ildren-chay.

comes to mean:
 This is an example of Pig Latin. As you can see, it is silly, but lots of fun for children.

The British name for Pig Latin is "backslang".

References

Other websites
Entry An entry from wikiHow on learning Pig Latin.

Constructed languages
Word games
Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door

Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door (or, as it is nicknamed, Paper Mario 2) is a Nintendo GameCube role-playing game released in 2004. It won the IGN.com award for best RPG game of the year. It uses the setting of Nintendo's Mario games.

Plot 
Princess Peach finds a map in an old town filled with crime. Mario sets off to the town of Rogueport, where he finds the Crystal Stars. There is a door deep in the sewers of Rogueport (the Thousand-Year Door) which will open if all the crystal stars are collected. It is said that a demonic spirit rests behind the door. The X-Nauts (a group of robot-like people) try to steal all of the crystal stars in order to awaken an evil demon to wipe out the planet so that they can become dictators of the world.
 The last boss of the game is the Shadow Queen who possesses (takes over) Princess Peach.
 Three shadows (The Shadow Sirens) are somehow related to the demon.

Reviews

The game had good reviews.

References

Nintendo GameCube games
Nintendo DS games
2004 video games
Mario roleplaying games
Nintendo GameCube-only games
Virtual Console games
Nickname

A nickname is a special name that a person may be called that is different from their real name or from their birth name.  It is not a legal thing; it is a social thing.  The name may be given to them by their friends or family.  It may be like the person's real name or completely different.  Nicknames often come from how a person looks, or from something they are especially known for doing.  They can also be a shortened version of the given name.

Nicknames can also be unkind and rude, and used by people who dislike the person given the nickname.  Often famous people are given nicknames by the writers of newspapers or other people in the media, such as TV. In Thailand, people are often given nicknames based on how they look. For example, someone can be called ผู้ชายสูง (phuchay sung) meaning being tall. Nicknames can also be given to people in countries. For example, people from the United States or from the northern United States are sometimes called Yankees. Nicknames can also be given to tribes. For example, the Dhulbahante tribe are often called reer Darawiish. That's because the former anti-colonial Dervish state was a Dhulbahante state.

References

Names
Jumanji

Jumanji is a 1995 American fantasy adventure comedy movie starring Robin Williams, which was based loosely on a 1982 children's book of the same name by Chris Van Allsburg. It is about a boy who gets trapped in a game for 30 years, and must finish playing the game when he gets out. Other stars include Kirsten Dunst, David Alan Grier, Bonnie Hunt, Bradley Pierce, Jonathan Hyde, and Bebe Neuwirth. In the "Flying Hunter Van Pelt" scene, Roland D-50's PN-D50-02 patch "Fast Forward" was heard.

The game in the movie (titled Jumanji) has been made into a real game.

Its sequel is the 2017 movie Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle, with different actors.

Release Dates

3-D Version

1995 fantasy movies
1995 adventure movies
1995 comedy movies
American fantasy movies
American adventure movies
American comedy movies
Jungle movies
Movies about animals
Jumanji
Movies based on books
1990s English-language movies
Jumanji
Neopets

Neopets is a website that lets its users create virtual pets, and take care of them. The site was created on November 15 1999, and has hundreds of millions of users.  The website is owned by Jumpstart.  Most of the pets that the user can create are not real animals, but are based upon real animals.  Neopets has story plots, chat boards, and different things that users can do with their Neopets. Many people of many different ages join Neopets. The site has many games that the user can play.  Neopets has a help section to find answers to many of the questions that users may have. The games length varies from a minute or less to saveable games like Neoquest that take more than 10 hours total to complete.

Pets

A person can make a pet and care for it using items. Items are given when a person does activities on the website. Items can also be purchased using Neopoints, the website's form of money. They can get special items called paint brushes which change the color of the pet to a different special color.

People younger than thirteen years old have less access to website features. They are not allowed to use the forum or send messages to other people.

Default avatars
Default avatars are the easiest type of avatar to get. Once a person creates an account on Neopets, they get to use the default avatars without having to do anything. Default avatars are mainly the different pets that can be used on the site and certain faeries.

Clickable avatars
Clickable avatars are the second easiest avatar to get. To earn a Clickable, the user must go to a certain place on the site. Once the user has gone to that page, they get a message that says they can use that avatar.

Avatars that are earned
Many avatars have to be earned. These are the avatars that people want most. These avatars are the hardest to get. These avatars may be gotten in many different ways. For example, getting a certain score in a game, buying a specific item, looking up a pet, refreshing, or getting a set amount of Neopoints.

Fan sites
There are many websites created by Neopets users to help other players. These sites help with information about how to play games and how to get avatars. There are also many sites for users to find ways to change the look of the pages that tell about themselves and their pets.

References

Other websites 
 Neopets home page

Online games
Entertainment websites
Queen Victoria

Queen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901), known as "Grandmother of Europe", was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901. She was born to a German princess and an English prince. She became Queen of the United Kingdom Great Britain at the age of 18 after her uncle King William IV died. She inherited the throne because her father's three elder brothers died without leaving any legitimate children.

She was taught by her governess, Louise Lehzen, and Reverend George Davys. She learned to speak and read German and French well. Queen Victoria enjoyed dancing, drawing, horse riding and singing. She had lessons as a child from the famous opera singer Luigi LaBlache. She liked to paint and could play the piano. She kept a regular diary throughout her life. 

Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert, in 1840. He supported science, trade and art in Britain. Victoria and Albert had nine children. They believed that a good family life and Christianity were very important. In general, English people followed their example. 

The Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace opened in 1851. It happened partly because of Albert's hard work. The exhibition showed the success of British people in Victorian times.

In 1861, Prince Albert died and Victoria stayed away from public life. 

Britain became more powerful in the following years, and in 1877, Victoria got the title 'Empress of British India'. Victoria was very interested in British India, but she never went there to the subcontinent. Her son went there instead. 

In 1897, Victoria celebrated 60 years of being monarch. This surpassed her grandfather King George III. She was queen for 63 years, seven months longer than any other king or queen of Britain. People called her the 'grandmother of Europe' because many of Victoria's children became kings, princes and princesses of other countries. 

After she died from a brain haemorrhage, her son Albert Edward became  King Edward VII became King of the United Kingdom and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 to 6 May 1910.

Children

Ancestors

References

Other websites

 Queen Victoria Citizendium

1819 births
1901 deaths
Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
English Anglicans
House of Hanover
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Indian monarchs
Royalty from London
Daniel Handler

Daniel Handler  (born February 28, 1970) is the real name of Lemony Snicket, author of the popular A Series of Unfortunate Events books. He graduated from Lowell High School and from Wesleyan University in 1992. He is a native of San Francisco and went to the San Francisco Boys Chorus.  He calls himself the fake name of Lemony Snicket in the books, as well as in Lemony's autobiography. The autobiography is listed as fiction. After several years of writing the books, Daniel let the public know that he was behind the name of Lemony Snicket.

He is married to Lisa Brown and had their first child, Otto, in October 2003. He finished 13 books to complete the Series of Unfortunate Events.

It is also believed by some people that his wife, author and illustrator Lisa Brown could possibly be the "Beatrice" that Handler writes his books for.

References

1970 births
Living people
Writers from San Francisco
House music

House music is a type of electronic dance music. It began during the early 1980s from disco and the black American soul music tradition.  It takes its name from the Warehouse, a Chicago club where DJs first played their records to a large audience.   The original "House" sound is characterized by "four on the floor" beats at 120-130 BPM, forward-driven bass lines, an emphasis on the second and fourth beats of each measure, handclaps, and cymbals.  Over the years, house has created many types of house music. These include:

 Acid house (with its "trippy" melodic lines, usually generated on a Roland 303 synthesizer)
 Ambient house (with an ambient, atmospheric sound)
 Bassline house (with an prominent warpy low bass sound)
 Deep house (with a greater emphasis on "soul" and atmospheric background sounds)
 Electro house (with a fuzzy, electronic and dirty bassline and heavy usage of synthesizers, similar to electropop)
 Euro house (with a sound similar to Eurodance)
 Balearic house (originating in the Balearic islands of Spain)
 French house (originating in France)
 Italo house (originating in Italy)
 Speed garage (featuring choppy basslines, reggae-style vocals and often "broken" beats)
 Progressive house (usually faster than traditional house, with many volume and phase changes and a "progression" of different background sounds)
 Disco house (even greater emphasis on the bassline, and the return of many disco-like additions such as violin sections)
 Hip house (House music with rapped lyrics)
 Tech house (techno sounds featured over a house-derived beat, with melodic progression often less emphasized)
 Latin house (incorporating elements of traditional Latin American music)
 Tribal house (greater emphasis on drumlines; melodies may be present, but with less traditional "progression") 
 Witch house (with a dark, paranormal and witchcraft-themed sound) and Rodrick Onunuga

References

Electronic dance music
Alkali

In chemistry, an alkali is an aqueous (from water) solution with a pH value of more than 7.
The word 'Alkali' comes from the Arabic 'qali' meaning 'from the ashes' since ashes mixed with water used as cleaning products (such as soaps) are made of alkali materials.  

An alkali is where a base is dissolved in water. Often it is the salt of an Alkali metal
An alkali is the opposite to an acid and can be neutralised (brought down to pH 7) by adding acid.

Characteristics 
 It feels soapy 
 It is corrosive (it can burn your skin away)
 The higher the number is over 7 on the pH scale the stronger the alkali is.
 Highly soluble (can be dissolved) in water
 They have a bitter taste
 Turns red litmus paper blue
 Can conduct electricity due to the presence of mobile ions
 Is blue or purple on universal indicator

Strength 
Like acids, alkalis can be weak or strong, depending on the nature and the concentration of the ionic salt composing it. The strength of an alkali can be found using universal indicator. Also like acids, the strength of an alkali is rated using the pH scale.

For example, soap and toothpaste contain weak alkalis, while cleaning products often contain strong ones.

Examples of common Alkalis 
 Sodium hydroxide, NaOH
 Potassium hydroxide, KOH
 Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2
 Aqueous ammonia, NH3 (aq)
 Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2

Uses of common Alkalis 
 Sodium hydroxide is used to make paper, detergents and soap.
 Potassium hydroxide is used by farmers to make acidic soil more alkaline so that plants will grow better in it, and is also used as the electrolyte in alkaline, Ni-Cd, and Ni-MH batteries.
 Calcium hydroxide is used to neutralize acidic soil.
 Ammonium hydroxide is used as a cleaning agent.

Oxides and Hydroxides 
Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are two types of base. When neutralised (an acid is added) they produce a salt and water. The type of salt produced depends on the acid and base.

Related pages
 Base
 Acid

Other websites 
 Small article on Alkaline chemicals
 A distributor of Alkali Metals
 A revision site directed towards GSCE students 
 In depth article on Alkalis - not recommended for Simple Wikipedia users
 Alkali cleaning materials
 Small in depth article on Alkali Metals 

Chemistry
The White Stripes

The White Stripes were an American rock duo from Detroit, Michigan. There were two people in the band: Jack White (songwriter, vocals, guitar, piano, and bass) and Meg White (drums, percussion, and vocals). They are influential in the 2000s indie rock and garage rock revival. 

The White Stripes started in Detroit, and released two albums: their self-titled debut (1999) and De Stijl (2000). They became famous with their third album, White Blood Cells (2001). Their fourth album, Elephant (2003), won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album. Their last two albums, Get Behind Me Satan (2005) and Icky Thump (2007), each won the same award. After a break, they ended in 2011. 

The White Stripes were known for presenting in strictly red, white, and black colors, and their frequent use of the number three. Jack and Meg White were married when they started the band, but divorced after its formation. They did not want people to know that they were once married, and told the public that they were brother and sister.

Members 

 Jack White – vocals, guitar, keyboards, piano, bass, percussion
 Meg White – drums, percussion, vocals

Awards 
The White Stripes won a lot of awards. They won three Grammy Awards and five MTV Video Music Awards. Two of their albums are on Rolling Stone's "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list. Rolling Stone called them the sixth greatest duo of all time.

Discography 

Studio albums
 The White Stripes (1999)
 De Stijl (2000)
 White Blood Cells (2001)
 Elephant (2003)
 Get Behind Me Satan (2005)
 Icky Thump (2007)

References

Other websites 

 

1990s establishments in Michigan
1997 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
2011 disestablishments in the United States
American punk bands
American rock bands
Blues bands
Grammy Award winners
Musical duos
Musical groups disestablished in 2011
Musical groups established in 1997
Musical groups from Detroit
Millennium Dome

The Millennium Dome is a large dome-shaped building in Greenwich in South East London, UK (now known as The O2). It was built between 1997 and 2000 to celebrate the beginning of the third millennium. The name was officially changed to The O2 when Telefónica O2 Europe plc  bought the naming rights from the devehutz Entertainment Group.

From 31 December 1999 until 31 December 2000 the Dome and some surrounding buildings were the home of the Millennium Exhibition which was meant to show the best of Britain to the world. The most successful part of the Exhibition was the stage show that was held two or three times each day in the middle of the dome. The show had dozens of dancers and acrobats, music by Peter Gabriel, and a tower that rose out of the dome's floor.

The rest of the Exhibition was not as successful as the Dome's owners had hoped. About 6 and a half million people visited the Exhibition, which was only half the number its owners hoped for.

The dome was sold to US Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG) and reopened in July 2007 as the O2, an entertainment complex including a 22,000-seat concert and sports venue, cinema, music club and exhibition spaces. Among the first artists to perform there were Bon Jovi and Prince. The Rolling Stones performed there in August 2007, Led Zeppelin played a reunion show there in December 2007, and the Spice Girls took residence in the arena from December 2007 to January 2008.

In 2012, as part of the Summer Olympics in London, the building was renamed the "North Greenwich Arena" and was used to host gymnastics and basketball.

A walkway across the top of the dome's structure has been opened, allowing visitors to cross the roof at a height of 60m. The O2 Roofwalk tourist attraction is now partially  powered by solar energy.

References 

Buildings and structures in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
Millennium

A millennium (plural: millennia) is a time period of one thousand (1000) years. The word millennium is derived from two Latin words mille ("thousand") and annum ("year").

Units of time
Outlook

Outlook is a free email, address book and calendar software, included with Microsoft Office. It is owned by Microsoft. It was started in 1996 as Hotmail. Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith created it. In 1997, Microsoft bought Hotmail for about $400 million. They renamed it twice, to MSN Hotmail and Windows Live Hotmail. In 2013, Hotmail became Outlook.

References

Other websites 
 

Microsoft websites
E-mail
1995 establishments in California
Train (disambiguation)

Train can mean more than one thing:

A train is a series of cars on a railway. 

To train is to teach how to do something, or to practice doing something.  Not only human beings but also animals can be trained.

Train (band), an American pop rock band.
Media

Media may refer to: 

 Media (communication), tools used to store and deliver information or data
 Advertising media
 Broadcast media
 Digital media
 Electronic media
 Hypermedia
 Print media
 Published media
 Mass media can mean television, radio, newspapers, magazines and the internet
 News media, mass media focused on communicating news
 Journalists, the people who write for and work in news media
 Multimedia, communications that include multiple forms of information
 Media (computer), used in computer data storage devices
 Media (arts), materials and techniques used by an artist to produce a work

Related pages 
 Media studies
 Multimedia
 Medium (disambiguation)
Caretaker

Caretaker can also refer to a caregiver.
A caretaker is someone who has the job of looking after a building. For example, the building could be a school or shop.

Related pages
Cleaner

Personal service occupations
Samuel Beckett

Samuel Barclay Beckett (; 13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989) was an Irish writer. He was born in Dublin, Ireland. Becket wrote novels, plays and poetry. He also translated other famous works of literature. He was given the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1969.

His best-known play is Waiting For Godot. It has often been acted on stage and on TV.

Beckett was stabbed in Paris in 1938. 

He died of breathing problems in Paris in 1989. 

Many writers of plays (playwrights) and others think he is one of the most important writers of the 20th century. There have been many books written about him.

His books are often about people going through hard times and seeing life as both sad and funny.

Works

Theatre
 Human Wishes (c. 1936; published 1984)
 Eleutheria (written 1947 in French; published in French 1995, and English 1996)
 En attendant Godot (published 1952, performed 1953) (Waiting for Godot, pub. 1954, perf. 1955)
 Acte sans Paroles I (1956); Act Without Words I (1957)
 Acte sans Paroles II (1956); Act Without Words II (1957) 
 Fin de partie (published 1957); Endgame (published 1957)
 Krapp's Last Tape (first performed 1958)
 Fragment de théâtre I (late 1950s); Rough for Theatre I
 Fragment de théâtre II (late 1950s); Rough for Theatre II
 Happy Days (first performed 1961); Oh les beaux jours (published 1963)
 Play (performed in German, as Spiel, 1963; English version 1964)
 Come and Go (first performed in German, then English, 1966)
 Breath (first performed 1969)
 Not I (first performed 1972)
 That Time (first performed 1976)
 Footfalls (first performed 1976)
 Neither (1977) (An "opera", music by Morton Feldman)
 A Piece of Monologue (first performed 1979)
 Rockaby (first performed 1981)
 Ohio Impromptu (first performed 1981)
 Catastrophe (Catastrophe et autres dramatiques, first performed 1982)
 What Where (first performed 1983)

Radio
 All That Fall (broadcast 1957)
 From an Abandoned Work (broadcast 1957)
 Embers (broadcast 1959)
 Rough for Radio I (published 1976) (written in French in 1961 as Esquisse radiophonique)
 Rough for Radio II (published 1976) (written in French in 1961 as Pochade radiophonique)
 Words and Music (broadcast 1962)
 Cascando (broadcast:1963 French version; 1964 English translation)

Television
 Eh Joe with Jack MacGowran (broadcast 1966)
 Beginning To End with Jack MacGowran (1965)
 Ghost Trio (broadcast 1977)
 ... but the clouds ... (broadcast 1977)
 Quad I + II (broadcast 1981)
 Nacht und Träume (broadcast 1983); Night and Dreams, published 1984
 Beckett Directs Beckett (1988–92)

Cinema
 Film (1965)

References 

1906 births
1989 deaths
Irish crime victims
Irish novelists
Irish poets
Irish theatre directors
Irish playwrights
Writers from Dublin
Irish Nobel Prize winners
British

A British person or object comes from the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales) and Northern Ireland. It is sometimes used by the Isle of Man or the Channel Islands (near France). It can also be used for some overseas places like Gibraltar (near Spain) or the Falkland Islands (near South America).

The term "British" is often used to describe something unique to the UK, for example British people, 'the British way of life' or 'the British weather'.

A British person can also be called a Briton. A unique symbol of the "British" is the Union Jack flag which is recognised globally as a symbol of the United Kingdom. The flag is made up of a combination of the flags of the countries that are part of the United Kingdom.

The British Isles are Great Britain, Ireland, and some smaller islands. The British Isles include the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.

Although being British is a collective identity, the countries of England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales have separate identities and flags which make them unique.

Related pages
British people

References

United Kingdom
Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis

Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis is a video game for the PC and PlayStation 2. The goal of the game is to create a theme park and keep the park guests safe. The player can choose the island they build on and what dinosaurs to place in their park. They can choose up to 25 dinosaurs to add to the park. After the park is created, they can play 12 missions. After winning all missions, a game option called Site B is unlocked. With Site B, the player can create an island without any fences or people, just like the 3rd Jurassic Park movie.

2003 video games
Jurassic Park
PlayStation 2 games
Xbox games
Think Quest

ThinkQuest was an educational website. It was used by students of schools in the United States and other countries. It was run by the Oracle Education Foundation.

As of July 1, 2013, ThinkQuest was discontinued.

References

Other websites 
ThinkQuest library archive

Educational websites
John Cleese

John Marwood Cleese (born 27 October 1939) is an English actor, comedian, producer and writer. He was born in Weston-super-Mare, England. He graduated from Downing College, Cambridge. Cleese has a degree in law. He was a member of the comedy team, Monty Python. He starred in the television sitcom, Fawlty Towers that he co-wrote with his first wife, Connie Booth, who played the role of Polly Sherman on the show. He plays the role of Q in some of the various James Bond movies.

References

Other websites 

1939 births
Living people
Actors from Somerset
Actors who played Q
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
BAFTA Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
English comedians
English movie actors
English movie producers
English radio actors
English screenwriters
English stage actors
English television actors
English television personalities
English television producers
English television writers
English voice actors
Monty Python
Writers from Somerset