alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Georges Henri Victor Collot

Victor Collot, in full Georges Henri Victor Collot (21 March 1750 – 15 May 1805), was a French military officer who served in the New World in various capacities, among them as Governor of Guadeloupe.

He is best known for his expedition down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers in the spring and summer of 1796. The French ambassador to the United States, assigned him his mission.  French authorities believed some settlers in the region were French sympathizers.  France and the United States engaged in an undeclared "quasi war", at sea, two years later.

Collot started his expedition in Philadelphia.  He triggered scrutiny, right from the beginning, and was shadowed by Zebulon Pike. 

Pike arrested Collot, at Fort Massac, Illinois, but had to release him as there was no charges that could be laid against him. 

Collot traveled through very lightly settled territories. France had ceded Louisiana, and all the Mississippi basin west of the Mississippi itself to Spain.  Following the American Revolution the eastern branches of the Mississippi was American territory.

He made maps and observed fortifications and the country's military preparedness, almost certainly on a secret mission on behalf of the French Republic. He had been watched during his progress, however, and on arriving in New Orleans he was almost immediately arrested by Carondelet, the Spanish governor, on October 27, and placed in custody at the Balize until he could be sent out of the colony on December 4. Gen. Collot published an account of this expedition under the title "Voyage dans l'Amérique Septentrionale". He also authored a "Mémoire sur les moyens de soumettre les rebelles de St. Dominique", a proposal for subjugating the rebels of San Domingo.

His account of his travels was translated into English and published in 1826.

In March 2017 the Kentucky Gateway Museum Center celebrated purchasing two of Collot's maps, maps of Kentucky.  When describing the purchase the Kentucky Herald-Leader called Collot "an excellent mapmaker but a lousy spy."

One of the maps was “The Course of the Ohio from its Source to its Junction with the Mississippi.”  It was purchased from a private collector.  The other map was a map of Kentucky.  Most of Collot's other maps were of rivers, or riverports, while the second map purchase was of the overland route between Maysville to Lexington.

Notes

Further reading

External links
 
 Collot's American Expedition and his Arrest in Louisiana
Voyage dans l'Amérique septentrionale
John Cushman Abbott Exhibit Supplement—includes a discussion of Collot and his Voyage dans l'Amérique Septentrionale, a slide show of illustrations, and 3 downloadable pdf files of the 2-volume book plus atlas.

1750 births
1805 deaths
French generals
History of Guadeloupe
People of pre-statehood Illinois
People of Colonial Spanish Louisiana
French colonial governors of Guadeloupe
Attadale railway station

Attadale railway station is a remote railway station on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line, serving the village of Attadale on Loch Carron in the Highlands, northern Scotland. The station is  from , between Strathcarron and Stromeferry. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.

History 
The station was opened in 1880 by the Highland Railway, even though the line through Attadale had been opened ten years earlier. Some give the opening date of the station as 1875 or 1877, but only as a private halt, affirming its public opening in 1880.

Facilities 
The platform has a waiting room, help point, bench and bike racks. The station is not step-free. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train.

Services 
Four trains each way call (on request) on weekdays/Saturdays and one each way all year on Sundays, plus a second from May to late September only.

Cultural References 
The station featured in episode one of the Channel 4 documentary series Paul Merton's Secret Stations on 1 May 2016, when presenter Paul Merton alighted there en route to visiting a salmon breeding farm on the shores of Loch Carron.

References

Bibliography

External links 

 Station on navigable O.S. map

Railway stations in Highland (council area)
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1880
Former Highland Railway stations
Railway request stops in Great Britain
William Takacs

William Joseph Takacs (born December 23, 1973) is the principal trumpet of the Amarillo Symphony Orchestra and trumpet instructor at West Texas A&M University.

Early life and education
Takacs was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He received his Bachelor of Music degree from West Chester University of Pennsylvania in 1995, his Master of Music degree from Bowling Green State University, 1998, with the thesis An Examination of Gustav Mahler's Life and Fifth Symphony, with a Focus on the Trumpet Part, and his Doctorate of Music from Florida State University in 2003, with the dissertation Russian Trumpet Music – An Analysis of Concerti by Oskar Böhme, Eino Tamberg, and Sergeï Wassilenko.

Awards
Takacs won the 1999 National Trumpet Competition at George Mason University in Washington D.C., and was one of five semifinalists in the 2000 Ellsworth Smith International Trumpet Competition held in Bad Säckingen, Germany, sponsored by the International Trumpet Guild.

Performances and associations
He has made guest performance appearances with the Toledo, Ohio, Pensacola, and Tallahassee Symphony Orchestras and has performed across the United States, Europe, South America, Asia, and Australia. He performed as guest principal trumpet for the New Sigmund Romberg Orchestra's 1999 performance tour of Taiwan and the Orquesta Sinfónica de Trujillo (Peru). He has also appeared in various capacities at institutions including Western Michigan University, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, Valdosta State University, Stetson University, University of Central Florida, and the Conservatorio Regional de Música de Trujillo (Peru).

Takacs was associated with Iowa-based chamber ensemble Skyline Brass, circa 1999. He is an active member of the International Trumpet Guild and an Artist/Clinician for Edwards Trumpets.

References

External links
 Takacs WTAMU Home Page
 Edwards Trumpets William Takacs Page
 Skyline Brass ensemble
 Russian Trumpet Music – An Analysis of Concerti by Oskar Böhme, Eino Tamberg, and Sergeï Wassilenko Florida State University dissertation online, in PDF format

American trumpeters
American male trumpeters
1973 births
Living people
West Chester University alumni
Bowling Green State University alumni
Florida State University alumni
21st-century trumpeters
21st-century American male musicians
Spanky's Quest

is an action game published in 1991 by Natsume, for the Game Boy and Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES).

Gameplay 

Spanky attacks by throwing a small purple bubble. He can then bounce the bubble on his head. Every time he bounces the bubble, the bubble grows and changes color. The bubble can then be popped, depending upon the bubble's size and color, different types of sports balls will fly out of the bubble destroying enemies touched by the balls. For example, a purple bubble will release a baseball and the largest orange bubble will release several basketballs. If an enemy is touched by a bubble, he will simply be stunned and unable to move for a moment.

There are a total of five worlds with ten levels each. After clearing each world's ten levels, the player must face a main boss. After defeating all five bosses, the player fights the witch herself. In the SNES version, levels are cleared when the required number of keys unlocks a door; in the GB version, levels are cleared when all the enemies have been destroyed. The enemies in the game are generally different types of fruits, with the notable exception of the witch.

Plot 

The SNES game has a storyline in which Spanky is trapped in a tower by an evil witch named Morticia. Spanky has to defeat Morticia and find his way out of the tower. Along the way, Spanky has to deal with Morticia's minions (which are shaped like an apple, pineapple, watermelon, peach, and grapes respectively).

Development and release 

The Super NES game is known for its very upbeat jazz soundtrack by Kiyohiro Sada.

The Game Boy title is known in Japan as . It's somewhat similar to the SNES version but differs quite a bit.

On May 26, 2021, the Super Nintendo version of the game was ported over to the Nintendo Switch for Nintendo Switch Online subscribers.

Other Media 
 Spanky from Spanky Quest makes a cameo as the red corner in the Famitsu Comic '92 Barcelona Olympic.

Reception 

Spanky's Quest on both the Game Boy and SNES received average reviews from critics since their initial release.

Notes

References

External links 
 Spanky's Quest at GameFAQs
 Spanky's Quest at Giant Bomb
 Spanky's Quest (Game Boy) at MobyGames
 Spanky's Quest (SNES) at MobyGames

1991 video games
Action games
Game Boy games
Natsume (company) games
Nintendo Switch Online games
Single-player video games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Video games about primates
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Hiroyuki Iwatsuki
Video games scored by Kiyohiro Sada
Video games about witchcraft
2001 Summer Universiade

The 2001 Summer Universiade, also known as the XXI Summer Universiade, was an international multi-sport event that took place in Beijing, China, between 22 August and 1 September. A total of 6,757 athletes from 165 nations took part in 12 sports. The hosts, China, topped the medal table for the first time, with a total of 103 medals and 54 gold medals (more than twice the number of gold- medals won by the United States, in second place).

The event was also considered a rehearsal for the 2008 Beijing Olympics due to the announcement that Beijing would host the 2008 Olympic Games, which was made one month before the Opening Ceremony of the Universiade.

Venues

Chaoyang District
 Beijing Workers' Stadium — ceremonies and football (men's finals)
 Olympic Sports Center Stadium — athletics
 Ying Tung Natatorium — swimming
 Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium - volleyball (finals)
 Sino-Japanese Youth Center pool - water polo
 Beijing Chaoyang Gymnasium - volleyball

Fengtai District
 Fengtai Sports Center - volleyball, football
 Guangcai Gymnasium - volleyball
 Beijing Tennis Center — tennis

Haidian District 
  Haidian Stadium - football
 Peking University Haidian Gymnasium — table tennis
 Peking University Main Gymnasium - basketball 
 Peking University May Fourth Stadium - football
 Peking University Swimming Pool- water polo
 Peking University Health Science Center Gymnasium- volleyball
 Tsinghua University Gymnasium - basketball
 Tsinghua University Stadium - football
 Tsinghua University Diving Pool - diving
 Beijing Sport University Gymnasium - basketball
 Beijing Sport University Stadium - football
 Capital Indoor Stadium — gymnastics (artistic and rhythmic)
 Beijing Jiaotong University Gymnasium - basketball
 Beijing Forestry University Gymnasium - basketball
 Minzu University of China Gymnasium - basketball
 Beihang University Gymnasium - volleyball 
 Capital Normal University stadium - football

Xicheng District 
 Beijing Yuetan Gymnasium - judo

Shijingshan District
 Shougang Gymnasium - fencing

Dongcheng District 
 Xiannongtan Stadium- football

Sports
Events in a total of twelve sports were contested at the Universiade.
 Note: Numbers in brackets denote the number of different events held in each sport.

Obligatory sports
Rhythmic gymnastics became an obligatory sport at this edition.

 Aquatics
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 Artistic gymnastics (14)
 Rhythmic gymnastics (8)

Optional

Medal table

References

 
2001
U
Summer Universiade
U
Multi-sport events in China
Sports competitions in Beijing
2001 in Beijing
August 2001 sports events in Asia
September 2001 sports events in Asia
1999 Summer Universiade

The 1999 Summer Universiade, also known as the XX Summer Universiade, took place in Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

Venues
 Estadi Son Moix — athletics, football, ceremonies
 Arena Son Moix — volleyball
 Pavelló Son Hugo — swimming, diving, water polo
 Palma Arena — gymnastics, tennis
 Arena Sant Josep Obrer — volleyball, basketball
 Galatzo Arena — volleyball, basketball
 La salle Pont d'Inca — volleyball, basketball
 Pont d'Inca — water polo, sailing

Sports
 Athletics
 Basketball
 Diving
 Fencing
 Football
 Gymnastics
 Judo
 Sailing
 Swimming
 Tennis
 Volleyball
 Water polo

Medal table

External links
 Official website of the 20th Summer Universiade

 
1999
U
U
U
Multi-sport events in Spain
Sport in Palma de Mallorca
July 1999 sports events in Europe
1997 Summer Universiade

The 1997 Summer Universiade, also known as the XIX Summer Universiade, took place in the island of Sicily, Italy.

Venues

Catania 
 Stadio Angelo Massimino — opening ceremonies and athletics
 Teatro Massimo Bellini — fencing

Messina 
 PalaSanFilippo — basketball

University of Messina 
 Polo dell'Annuziata- swimming
 Polo del Centro - diving
 Polo del Papardo — water polo

Ragusa 
 PalaMinardi — basketball

Favara 
 Palasport A. Giglia — basketball

Siracusa 
 Temporary Arena - gymnastics

Palermo 
 Stadio Renzo Barbera — football,closing ceremonies
 University of Palermo — volleyball
 Velodromo Borselino, Palermo — tennis

Sports

Medal table

External links
 Official website of the 19th Summer Universiade

 
1997
U
U
U
Multi-sport events in Italy
Sport in Sicily
August 1997 sports events in Europe
La Fille aux yeux d'or

La Fille aux yeux d'or (English: The Girl With the Golden Eyes) is an 1835 novella by Honoré de Balzac. It is the third part of the Thirteen series, which includes the short stories Ferragus and La Duchesse de Langeais. It is also part of his La Comédie humaine novel sequence.

Synopsis
The story follows the decadent heir Henri de Marsay, who becomes enamored of the beautiful Paquita Valdes, and his plan to seduce her. He succeeds but becomes disillusioned when he discovers she is involved with another lover, and so he plots to murder her. When he arrives to kill her, he discovers that she is already dead by the hand of her lover, his half-sister. She declares that Paquita came from a land where women are no more than chattels, able to be bought and used in any way. In the last lines of the story, de Marsay tells a friend that the girl has died of "something to do with the chest,” by which he means tuberculosis.

Film
In 1961, a film was released based on the novel starring Marie Laforêt, Paul Guers, Françoise Prévost, Françoise Dorléac and Jacques Verlier. It was adapted by Philippe Dumarçay, screenwritten by Pierre Pelegri, and directed by Jean-Gabriel Albicocco.

See also
 Coppélia, a ballet

References

External links

E-text of the story
 
 

1835 French novels
Books of La Comédie humaine
Bisexuality-related fiction
French LGBT novels
Novellas by Honoré de Balzac
Novels with bisexual themes
Female bisexuality in fiction
French novels adapted into films
1995 Summer Universiade

The 1995 Summer Universiade, also known as the XVIII Summer Universiade, took place in Fukuoka, Japan.

Emblem
The symbol mark is a motif of "U", expressing passion and energy in the flickering flames of a burning torch. In the flames one sees both the profile of a youth and an "F", the first letter of Fukuoka.

Mascot
The mascot character for the Fukuoka Games, "Kapapoo", is a motif of a unicorn, a mythical European creature. A horse-like animal with a single horn growing from its forehead, it is said to be invincible and unrivaled for its energy. The unicorn symbolizes courage, dignity, wisdom, nobility, justice and represents the sun and heroes.

Venues
 Fukuoka Dome — ceremonies, baseball (final rounds)
 Hakatanomori Athletic Stadium — athletics, football finals
 Hakatanomori Football Stadium — football 
 Marine Messe — volleyball (finals), gymnastics
 Fukuoka Prefectural Pool — aquatics 
 Hakatonomori Tennis Club — tennis and water polo
 Sun Marine Stadium — baseball
 Fukuoka Kokusai Center — judo, basketball (finals)
 Accion Fukuoka — volleyball

Sports

Participants

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (host)

Medal table

External links
 Official website of the 18th Summer Universiade

 
1995
Universiade
Summer Universiade
International sports competitions hosted by Japan
Multi-sport events in Japan
Sport in Fukuoka
Summer Universiade
Summer Universiade
1993 Summer Universiade

The 1993 Summer Universiade, also known as XVII Summer Universiade or World University Games Buffalo '93, took place in Buffalo, New York as main site. For the first time in history the event was hosted by two countries, as some events were held in neighbouring cities in Canada.

Sports

Venues
Athletics – University at Buffalo Stadium
Baseball – Pilot Field, Sal Maglie Stadium and Dwyer Stadium
Closing Ceremonies – University at Buffalo Stadium
Diving – Alumni Arena
Football – Lewiston-Porter Central School District
Gymnastics – Niagara Falls Convention and Civic Center
Opening Ceremonies – Rich Stadium
Rowing – Royal Canadian Henley Rowing Course
Swimming – Burt Flickinger Center
Tennis – Ellicott Complex Tennis Center
Volleyball – Alumni Arena
Water Polo – Tonawanda Aquatic and Fitness Center

Medal table

References

External links
 Universiade 1993 Buffalo Results
 Venues Reference

 
1993
Summer Universiade
Summer Universiade
U
Sports competitions in Buffalo, New York
Multi-sport events in the United States
20th century in Buffalo, New York
Summer Universiade
International sports competitions in New York (state)
Summer Universiade
1989 Summer Universiade

The 1989 Summer Universiade, also known as the XV Summer Universiade, took place in Duisburg, West Germany.

Sports

Venues

Medal table

 
1989
U
Sport in Duisburg
U
U
Multi-sport events in West Germany
Summer Universiade
1980s in North Rhine-Westphalia
Sports competitions in North Rhine-Westphalia
1987 Summer Universiade

The 1987 Summer Universiade, also known as the XIV Summer Universiade, took place in Zagreb, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia. It involved participants from 111 countries and over 6,000 individual sportspersons and members of teams.

Infrastructural changes

The city of Zagreb used the event to renovate and revitalize the city. The city's main square (Republic Square) was repaved with stone blocks and made part of the downtown pedestrian zone. A part of the Medveščak stream, which had been running under the sewers since 1898, was uncovered by workers. This part formed the Manduševac fountain that was also covered in 1898.

Mascot
The mascot of the 1987 Summer Universiade is a squirrel, named "Zagi" and created by Nedjeljko Dragić. It is a resident of Zagreb's parks, amiable and always in a good mood. Its nonchalance and gaiety are but a cover for diligence. Always on the move and reaching for the seemingly impossible, the squirrel embodies the dynamism of athletic endeavour. Its origin is shown by the little black hat, characteristic of the folk costumes in the region of Zagreb.

Sports

Medal table

See also
 European Universities Games 2016
 European University Sports Association
 FISU

References

External links
 ZAGREB WELCOMES THE XIVMER UNIVERSIADE by VAN MECANOVIC PRESIDENT OF THE YUGOSLAVIAN OLYMPIC COMMITTEE 
 Univerzijada ‘87. – drugi ilirski preporod
 U Beogradu nisu htjeli da Dražen otvori Univerzijadu 

 
Summer World University Games
Universiade
Universiade
Universiade
Summer Universiade, 1987
Summer Universiade, 1987
Universiade
Multi-sport events in Yugoslavia
1980s in Zagreb
July 1987 sports events in Europe
National Coalition of Alternative Community Schools

The National Coalition of Alternative Community Schools, or NCACS, is an international organization based in the U.S. city of Ann Arbor, Michigan, dedicated to promoting alternative education. The organization was founded in 1978. It is known for its annual conferences, which bring together the community of community schools and homeschoolers and are held in a different location around the country each year. It also holds regional conferences. The NCACS also produces a directory of alternative community schools which it sells, as well as a quarterly newsletter.

Alternative Community Schools

The NCACS defines its membership as consisting of:

 Home educating parents and students
 Independent (private) alternative schools and programs
 Government (public) alternative schools and programs
 Alternative colleges and universities
 Experiential and adventure-oriented programs
 Learning centers and traveling schools
 Individuals and lifelong learners
 Cultural centers and intentional communities
 Publishers and researchers focused on alternative education topics

Annual conferences
 2006 - held on The Farm, Tennessee
 2005 - held in Chicago, Illinois
 2004 - held on The Farm, Tennessee
 1995 - held in Colorado
 1994 - held in Blacksburg, Virginia
 1993 - held near Jasper, Arkansas on the Buffalo National River
 1992 - held in Indiana
 1986 - held at Upatinas in Glenmoore, Pensylvania

Member schools
A partial listing of NCACS member schools:
Clonlara School
Stonesoup School
Cobblestone School
The Forum
Upattinas School and Resource Center
Upland Hills School

External links
 NCACS homepage

See also
 Growing Without Schooling
 Homeschooling
 Grace Llewellyn

Alternative education organizations
Organizations based in Ann Arbor, Michigan
Educational organizations based in the United States
1985 Summer Universiade

The 1985 Summer Universiade, also known as the XIII Summer Universiade, took place in Kobe, Japan.

Mascot

The mascot of the Kobe Universiade, "Unitan", designed by Osamu Tezuka, is a red-crested white crane, symbolic of Japan and a good omen. The name was chosen from some 8,000 suggestions received from throughout the country. The name is derived from a combination of 'uni' from 'Universiade' and 'tan' from the Japanese name for red-crested crane, namely 'tancho-tsuru'.

Gender test
The sex chromatin test was used at these games to decide on participants' gender; Spanish hurdler Maria José Martínez-Patiño was declared a man and thus ruled ineligible for the women's events. In agreement with officials who suggested she fake an injury so she could withdraw without publicity, she complied. She later fought, successfully, to have that diagnosis reversed.

Sports

Medal table

References

 
Summer World University Games
U
Summer Universiade
U
Multi-sport events in Japan
Sports competitions in Kobe
Summer Universiade
Summer Universiade
Bipolaron

In physics, a bipolaron is a type of quasiparticle consisting of two polarons. In organic chemistry, it is a molecule or a part of a macromolecular chain containing two positive charges in a conjugated system.

Bipolarons in physics 

In physics, a bipolaron is a bound pair of two polarons. An electron in a material may cause a distortion in the underlying lattice. The combination of electron and distortion (which may also be understood as a cloud of phonons) is known as a polaron (in part because the interaction between electron and lattice is via a polarization). When two polarons are close together, they can lower their energy by sharing the same distortions, which leads to an effective attraction between the polarons. If the interaction is sufficiently large, then that attraction leads to a bound bipolaron. For strong attraction, bipolarons may be small. Small bipolarons have integer spin and thus share some of the properties of bosons. If many bipolarons form without coming too close, they might be able to form a Bose–Einstein condensate. This has led to a suggestion that bipolarons could be a possible mechanism for high-temperature superconductivity. For example, they can lead to a very direct interpretation of the isotope effect.

Recently, bipolarons were predicted theorethically in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Two polarons interchange sound waves and they attract to each other, forming a bound-state when the strength coupling between the single polarons and the condensate is strong in comparison with the interactions of the host gas.

Bipolarons in organic chemistry 

In organic chemistry, a bipolaron is a molecule or part of a macromolecular chain containing two positive charges in a conjugated system. The charges can be located in the centre of the chain or at its termini. Bipolarons and polarons are encountered in doped conducting polymers such as polythiophene.

It is possible to synthesize and isolate bipolaron model compounds for X-ray diffraction studies. The diamagnetic bis(triaryl)amine dication 2 in scheme 1 is prepared from the neutral precursor 1 in dichloromethane by reaction with 4 equivalents of antimony pentachloride. Two resonance structures exist for the dication. Structure 2a is a (singlet) diradical and 2b is the closed shell quinoid. The experimental bond lengths for the central vinylidene group in 2 are 141 pm and 137 pm compared to 144 pm and 134 pm for the precursor 1 implying some contribution from the quinoid structure.

On the other hand, when a thiophene unit is added to the core in the structure depicted in scheme 2, these bond lengths are identical (around 138 pm) making it a true hybrid.

See also 
 Quinonoid zwitterions

References 

Ions
Quasiparticles
Mr. Lemons

Mr. Lemons is the third full-length album by singer/songwriter Glen Phillips.  It was released in May 2006 and features a cover of the Huey Lewis and the News hit, "I Want a New Drug".

To promote the album, the first 1700 pre-orders from the Aware Records online store were autographed by Phillips. Artwork for the album was done by Phillips' wife, Laurel.

Track listing
 "Everything But You" – 3:32
 "Blind Sight" – 3:49
 "Thank You" – 4:12
 "I Still Love You" – 4:00
 "Last Sunset" – 3:13
 "I Want a New Drug" – 3:18
 "Marigolds" – 2:29
 "Waiting" – 3:21
 "Didn't Think You Cared" – 2:29
 "The Next Day" – 4:11
 "A Joyful Noise" – 5:21

References

Glen Phillips albums
2006 albums
Quinoid

In organic chemistry, quinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are derived from quinone. Unlike benzenoid structures, the quinoid part is not aromatic.

See also 
 Benzenoid
 Aromatic compound

References

Cyclic compounds
1983 Summer Universiade

The 1983 Summer Universiade, also known as the 1983 World University Games or XII Summer Universiade, took place in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada between July 1 and 12, 1983. Over 2400 athletes from 73 countries participated. It was the first time Canada hosted these Games. Edmonton also hosted the 1978 Commonwealth Games.

The event was marred by tragedy from the death of Soviet diver Sergei Chalibashvili when he died eight days after hitting his head on the 10 m diving platform in competition while attempting a reverse 3½ in the tuck position.

The Prince of Wales (now Charles III) opened the Universiade accompanied by the Princess of Wales (Diana), and other dignitaries and celebrities also visited.

In October 2005, Edmonton was selected as a potential bid candidate to host the 2011 Summer Universiade by the Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS).

Sports
 
 
 
 Road cycling (4)
 Track cycling (8)

Venues

 Commonwealth Stadium
 Argyll Velodrome (track cycling)
 Hawrelak Park (road cycling)
 Northlands Coliseum
 Universiade Pavilion (basketball)

Medal table

Participating nations

Around 2,400 athletes from 73 nations took part.

References

 
1983
U
U
Summer Universiade, 1983
U
University and college sports in Canada
Multi-sport events in Canada
Summer Universiade
Summer Universiade
Coumaric acid

Coumaric acid is a phenolic derivative of cinnamic acid having a hydroxy group as substituent at one of the aromatic positions:

 o-Coumaric acid
 m-Coumaric acid
 p-Coumaric acid
1981 Summer Universiade

The 1981 Summer Universiade, also known as the XI Summer Universiade, took place in Bucharest, Romania. The events were watched by 200,000 spectators.

Sports

Medal table

External links
 Universiada 81-TVR

 
1981
U
U
Summer Universiade, 1981
Multi-sport events in Romania
Sports competitions in Bucharest
1980s in Bucharest
Summer Universiade
Diane Shalet

Diane Shalet (February 23, 1935 – February 23, 2006) was an American Broadway and television character actress.  She was perhaps best known for her recurring role as Ms. Hawkins in the drama Matlock. She made a guest appearance on The Monkees in the season-two episode, "The Fairy Tale", as the Fairy of the Locket (January 8, 1968).

Career
Shalet's Broadway credits include Tartuffe (1965), The Changeling (1964), But For Whom Charlie (1964), and After The Fall (1964). She also had roles in the touring companies of Bloomer Girl, Brigadoon, Connecticut Yankee, and Oklahoma.

Films in which Shalet appeared included The Reivers (1969), Deadhead Miles (1972), and The Last Tycoon (1976). She also made over 200 guest appearances on episodic television shows. They include Bonanza, Born Free (TV series), and Cagney & Lacey.

For 14 years, Shalet taught at UCLA; she also was a founder of the Actors and Writers Lab in Manhattan. A life member of The Actors Studio, she was the author of the 1994 novel Grief in a Sunny Climate, () which a review in The New York Times described as a "deceptively silly story to disguise some serious lessons about sorrow and dependency." The book received first prize for fiction writing at the Santa Barbara Writers Conference.

Personal life
Shalet was married to actor Michael Strong, with whom she appeared in an episode of the television detective series Harry O.

Death
Shalet died in Palm Springs, California, on February 23, 2006, her 71st birthday.

Filmography
The Reivers (1969) - Hannah
Deadhead Miles (1973) - Donna James
The Last Tycoon (1976) - Stahr's Secretary
The Incredible Hulk (1981) - Nurse Judy Gray

References

External links 

Diane Shalet at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
New York Times Obituary

1935 births
2006 deaths
American stage actresses
American television actresses
20th-century American novelists
American women novelists
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American women
William Yelverton, 2nd Viscount Avonmore

William Charles Yelverton, 2nd Viscount Avonmore (5 April 1762 – 28 November 1814), was an Irish nobleman. He was the son of Barry Yelverton, 1st Viscount Avonmore and Mary Nugent. He married Mary Reade, daughter of John Reade, on 1 September 1787. He held the office of Principal Registrar of the High Court of Chancery (Ireland). He succeeded his father in his titles in 1805.

Children of William Charles Yelverton and Mary Reade:
Hon. Mary Yelverton (1788–1859)
Hon. Barry John Yelverton, 3rd Viscount Avonmore (1790–1870)
Hon. William Henry Yelverton (1791–1884) of Whitland Abbey, married 1825, Elizabeth Lucy Morgan
Hon. Louisa Sarah Yelverton (1795–1866), married 1825, Rev. Andrew Sayers
Hon. Augustus Yelverton (1802–1864), married 1825, Sarah Whiteside

1762 births
1814 deaths
William 2
1979 Summer Universiade

The 1979 Summer Universiade, also known as the X Summer Universiade, took place in Mexico City, Mexico.

Sports

Medal table

 
1979
U
U
U
Multi-sport events in Mexico
Sports competitions in Mexico City
1970s in Mexico City
Summer Universiade
Summer Universiade
Carl Ahasver von Sinner

Carl Ahasver von Sinner (February 2, 1754 – April 25, 1821) was a Bernese architect of the Louis XVI period.

Biography 
Born in Sumiswald as the son of governor (Landvogt) Johann Bernhard von Sinner, he married Maria Susanna Zeerleder in 1780. He was a member of the Grand Council of Bern, in 1795 and head magistrate (Oberamtmann) of Schwarzenburg from 1803 to 1805.

As an architect, he is noted for the palace of Lohn, now the country estate of the Swiss Federal Council; the Kleehof in Kirchberg and the estate of Hofwil in Münchenbuchsee.

Buildings 
 Landsitz Lohn, Kehrsatz, 1782–1783
 Tschiffeligut (Kleehof), Kirchberg, Bern,  reconstruction  1783
 Clergy house, Ammerswil, 1783
 Amtshaus (official residence), Aarau, 1784–1787
 Hofwil, Münchenbuchsee, 1784–1786
 Schloss Rued, Schlossrued 1792–1796
 Ortbühl, Steffisburg, 1794
 Gasthof Ochsen, Schöftland, 1798
 Urechhaus (a three-story classicist house), Othmarsingen
 Müllerhaus Lenzburg, 1780

References 

1754 births
1821 deaths
Swiss architects
Swiss nobility
1977 Summer Universiade

The 1977 Summer Universiade, also known as the IX Summer Universiade or World University Games, took place in Sofia, Bulgaria.

Sports

Medal table

References
 Athletics
 World Student Games (Universiade - Men) - GBR Athletics
 World Student Games (Universiade - Women) - GBR Athletics
 Basketball
 USAB - NINTH WORLD UNIVERSITY GAMES (Men)
 USAB - NINTH WORLD UNIVERSITY GAMES (Women)
 Diving
 
 
 

 
1977
Universiade
Universiade
Universiade
Multi-sport events in Bulgaria
Sports competitions in Sofia
1970s in Sofia
Summer Universiade
P-Coumaric acid

p-Coumaric acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4CH=CHCO2H. It is one of the three isomers of hydroxycinnamic acid. It is a white solid that is only slightly soluble in water but very soluble in ethanol and diethyl ether.

Natural occurrences 
It is a precursor to many natural products, especially lignols, precursors to the woody mass that comprise many plants. Of the myriad occurrences, p-coumaric acid can be found in Gnetum cleistostachyum.

In food 
p-Coumaric acid can be found in a wide variety of edible plants and fungi such as peanuts, navy beans, tomatoes, carrots, basil and garlic. It is found in wine and vinegar. It is also found in barley grain.

p-Coumaric acid from pollen is a constituent of honey.

Derivatives 
p-Coumaric acid glucoside can also be found in commercial breads containing flaxseed. Diesters of p-coumaric acid can be found in carnauba wax.

Biosynthesis 
It is biosynthesized from cinnamic acid by the action of the P450-dependent enzyme 4-cinnamic acid hydroxylase (C4H).
    

It is also produced from L-tyrosine by the action of tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL).
     + NH3 + H+

Biosynthetic building block 
p-Coumaric acid is the precursor of 4-ethylphenol produced by the yeast Brettanomyces in wine. The enzyme cinnamate decarboxylase catalyzes the conversion of p-coumaric acid into 4-vinylphenol. Vinyl phenol reductase then catalyzes the reduction of 4-vinylphenol to 4-ethylphenol. Coumaric acid is sometimes added to microbiological media, enabling the positive identification of Brettanomyces by smell.

cis-p-Coumarate glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that uses uridine diphosphate glucose and cis-p-coumarate to produce 4′-O-β-D-glucosyl-cis-p-coumarate and uridine diphosphate (UDP). This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases.

Phloretic acid, found in the rumen of sheep fed with dried grass, is produced by hydrogenation of the 2-propenoic side chain of p-coumaric acid.

The enzyme, resveratrol synthase, also known as stilbene synthase, catalyzes the synthesis of resveratrol ultimately from a tetraketide derived from 4-coumaroyl CoA.

p-Coumaric acid is a cofactor of photoactive yellow proteins (PYP), a homologous group of proteins found in many eubacteria.

See also 
o-coumaric acid
m-coumaric acid
 Coumarin
 Coumaroyl-Coenzyme A
 Ferulic acid
 Cinnamic acid
 Phenolic content in wine
 p-Coumaroylated anthocyanins

References 

Hydroxycinnamic acids
Vinylogous carboxylic acids
Gary Frank (actor)

Gary Frank (born October 9, 1950) is an American actor who won an Emmy Award for his performances on the 1976-1980 TV series Family, which also starred James Broderick, Sada Thompson, Meredith Baxter, and Kristy McNichol.

Career
Frank starred with Glynnis O'Connor in the short-lived 1974 CBS series Sons and Daughters, a drama about young people in a changing society.

Frank appeared in the film Deadly Weapon. He starred in three episodes of Remington Steele as well as episodes of The Streets of San Francisco, T.J. Hooker, Charlie's Angels, Fantasy Island, The Love Boat, Hunter, Magnum, P.I., Murder She Wrote, L.A. Law, Hill Street Blues, Friday the 13th: The Series, and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. 

He played bombardier Major Thomas Ferebee in the TV film Enola Gay: The Men, the Mission, the Atomic Bomb, co-starred in the TV Christmas film The Gift opposite Glenn Ford, and appeared on two episodes of Matlock.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links
 

1950 births
American male film actors
American male television actors
Living people
Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
Male actors from Spokane, Washington
Hydroxycinnamic acid

Hydroxycinnamic acids (hydroxycinnamates) are a class of aromatic acids or phenylpropanoids having a C6–C3 skeleton. These compounds are hydroxy derivatives of cinnamic acid.

In the category of phytochemicals that can be found in food, there are :
 α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid 
 Caffeic acid – burdock, hawthorn, artichoke, pear, basil, thyme, oregano, apple
 Cichoric acid
 Cinnamic acid – aloe
 Chlorogenic acid – echinacea, strawberries, pineapple, coffee, sunflower, blueberries
 Diferulic acids
 Coumaric acid
 Ferulic acid (3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) – oats, rice, artichoke, orange, pineapple, apple, peanut
 Sinapinic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid or sinapic acid)

Hydroxycinnamoyltartaric acids 
 Caftaric acid – grapes and wine, mainly the trans isomer
 Coutaric acid – grapes and wine, both trans and cis isomers
 Fertaric acid – grapes and wine, mainly the trans isomer

References
1975 Summer Universiade

The 1975 Summer Universiade, also known as the VIII Summer Universiade, took place in Rome, Italy. The 1975 Universiade only featured athletics, other disciplines having been cancelled, as the original host Yugoslavia was unable to hold the event. It was therefore referred to as the World University Championships in athletics.

Sports

Medal table

References

 
1975
U
U
U
Multi-sport events in Italy
Sports competitions in Rome
1970s in Rome
September 1975 sports events in Europe
David VanHoose

David Vanhoose (born 1957), is an economics professor at the Hankamer School of Business at Baylor University.  He currently holds the Herman W. Lay Professor of Private Enterprise title. He has written numerous text books and papers which are widely used in the field of economics.  His areas of focus are international economics, monetary economics, macroeconomics, and banking.  He did his graduate studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, with a dissertation in Bank Market Structure and Monetary Policy.

Professional positions
Co-editor for Journal of Macroeconomics, 2012–present
Editor for Monetary Economics and Editorial Board member, Journal of Economics and Business, 1996–2008
Baylor University - Professor
University of Alabama - Professor
Indiana University - Assistant Professor

Books
International Monetary & Financial Economics (2014) 
E-Commerce Economics (2011, 2nd Edition) 
Global Economic Issues and Policies (2011, 2nd Edition) with Joseph P. Daniels 
The Industrial Organization of Banking (2010) 
International Monetary and Financial Economics (2005, 3rd Edition) with Joseph P. Daniels 
E-Commerce Economics (2003) 
Money Banking and Financial Markets (2003) 
Macroeconomics: Theory, Policies, and International Applications (2000) 
Macroeconomics: Theory, Policy, and International Applications (1997)

References

Sources
David VanHoose

1957 births
Living people
21st-century American economists
Baylor University faculty
1973 Summer Universiade

The 1973 Summer Universiade, also known as the VII Summer Universiade, took place in Moscow, Soviet Union.

Sports

Venues at the 1973 Summer Universiade 
  (Central Lenin Stadium)
  (Sport Palace of the Central Lenin Stadium)
  (Tchaika Pool)
  (Sport Palace of the Central Lenin Stadium)
  (Znamenskie Brother ring)
  (Lenin Stadium Pool)
  (Tennis City of the Central Lenin Stadium)
  (Sokolniki Palace)
  (Swimming Palace)
  (University Ring)

Medal table

References

 
1973
U
Summer Universiade
Universiade
Universiade
Multi-sport events in the Soviet Union
1973 in Moscow
Summer Universiade
1967 Summer Universiade

The 1967 Summer Universiade, also known as the V Summer Universiade, took place in Tokyo, Japan.

Eastern Bloc countries including Soviet Union, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland, Cuba, Czechoslovakia and North Korea boycotted the Games due to the naming disputes about North Korea.

Sports at the 1967 Summer Universiade

Medal table

References

 
Summer World University Games
U
Summer Universiade
U
Multi-sport events in Japan
Sports competitions in Tokyo
Summer Universiade
Summer Universiade
Summer Universiade
1965 Summer Universiade

The 1965 Summer Universiade, also known as the IV Summer Universiade, took place in Budapest, Hungary.

Sports at the 1965 Summer Universiade

Medal table

 
1965
U
International sports competitions in Budapest
Summer Universiade, 1965
Multi-sport events in Hungary
1960s in Budapest
August 1965 sports events in Europe
1963 Summer Universiade

The 1963 Summer Universiade, also known as the III Summer Universiade, took place in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Sports at the 1963 Summer Universiade

Medal table

 
1963
U
U
Summer Universiade
Universiade
Sport in Porto Alegre
August 1963 sports events in South America
September 1963 sports events in South America
1961 Summer Universiade

The 1961 Summer Universiade, also known as the II Summer Universiade, was an international sporting event for university students that took place in Sofia, Bulgaria.

Sports at the 1961 Summer Universiade

Medal table

 
1961
U
U
U
Multi-sport events in Bulgaria
Sports competitions in Sofia
1960s in Sofia
August 1961 sports events in Europe
September 1961 sports events in Europe
Kirk Range

The Kirk Range is a plateau in southwestern Malawi, extending in a north-south direction and skirting the southwestern shore of Lake Malawi and the western border of the Shire River valley. The range includes several peaks higher than 1800 meters in elevation. The northern end of the range overlooks the Central Region plateau and Lake Malawi. The range forms the Malawi-Mozambique border, and the divide between the watersheds of Mozambique's Revúboé River to the west and Malawi's Shire River to the east. The Lisungwe and Mkulumadzi (Wamkulumadzi) rivers are tributaries of the Shire that originate in the Kirk Range.

The lower slopes are part of the Southern miombo woodlands ecoregion. Higher elevations include pockets of high-altitude forests, grasslands, and shrublands that make up the Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic ecoregion.

The Dedza-Salima, Mua Livulezi, Chirobwe (Chilobwe), Mvai, Dzonze (Dzonzi), and Tsamba forest reserves cover parts of the range.

It is named after Sir John Kirk.

References

Plateaus of Malawi
Southern Rift montane forest–grassland mosaic
1959 Summer Universiade

The 1959 Summer Universiade, also known as the I Summer Universiade, took place in Turin, Italy.

Sports
  Athletics
  Basketball
  Fencing
  Swimming
  Tennis
  Volleyball
  Water polo

Medal table
Italy leads this first edition in the total medals count.

References

External links
  Le Universiadi in Italia

 
1959
U
U
1959 in Italian sport
Multi-sport events in Italy
Sports competitions in Turin
August 1959 sports events in Europe
September 1959 sports events in Europe
1950s in Turin
Manu propria

(Latin for '[signed] with one's own hand'), abbreviated to m.p. or mppr.  or mppria is a phrase sometimes used at the end of typewritten or printed documents when there is no handwritten signature. It is typically found just after the name(s) of the person(s) who would have signed the document if it had not been printed or typewritten.

It is also found in several ancient documents in front of or after the writer's signature at the end of the document.

History
Medieval period

Richly decorated manu propria signs were frequently used by medieval dignitaries and literates to verify the authenticity of handwritten documents.

18th century

mppria was commonly used in the 18th century. However, it was not only used for Latin documents.

Full autograph title-page of Symphony no.97 by Joseph Haydn which reads 'Sinfonia in C/di me giuseppe Haydn mppria.  '
Nobility Diploma André Falquet

From the 19th century

Later, official documents were routinely accompanied by this abbreviation, for example, the declaration of war on Serbia by Emperor Franz Joseph from 1914 ends with m.p.

Usage today

Ordinary personal cheques frequently include the abbreviation at the end of the signature line.

By country

Some of the countries that still regularly use manu propria include:
Albania in official documents: d.v. (),
Austria: e. h. (),
the Czech Republic: v. r. () or occasionally the Latin abbreviation m.p.,
Germany: gez. ()
Hungary in official documents: s.k. (),
Slovakia: v. r. (),
Slovenia: l.r. ().
Serbia: s.r. ()

See also

List of Latin phrases
Seal
Tughra
Autopen

References

Latin literary phrases
Latin words and phrases
Authentication methods
Identity documents
Writing
Abulum

Abulum is the solo debut album by Toad the Wet Sprocket singer/songwriter Glen Phillips. The album was produced on both CD and DVD formats. The DVD features the bonus track "Sleep of the Blessed".

Track listing
All songs written by Glen Phillips, except where noted otherwise.

 "Careless" – 3:28
 "Men Just Leave" – 3:08
 "Back On My Feet" (Craig Northey, Glen Phillips) – 3:13
 "Fred Meyers" – 3:15
 "My Own Town" – 4:45
 "It Takes Time" – 3:21
 "Drive By" – 2:59
 "Darkest Hour" – 4:09
 "Professional Victim" – 4:16
 "Train Wreck" – 5:14
 "Maya" – 3:35
 "Sleep of the Blessed" (Bonus track on DVD) – 4:14

Personnel
Glen Phillips – guitar, vocals
 Richard Causon – accordion, keyboards [chamberlin], piano, Wurlitzer organ
 Jennifer Condos – bass
 Sandy Chila – drums, Wurlitzer organ, nass synthesizer, percussion, strings
 Ethan Johns – guitar, harmony vocals, tambourine, percussion [shaker], mellotron, drums, keyboards [chamberlin], percussion

References

Glen Phillips albums
2001 debut albums
Albums produced by Ethan Johns
2005 Winter Universiade

The 2005 Winter Universiade, the XXII Winter Universiade, took place in Innsbruck and Seefeld, Austria.

Venues

Innsbruck

Seefeld

Medal table

 
2005
U
U
U
Sports competitions in Innsbruck
Winter multi-sport events in Austria
January 2005 sports events in Europe
2000s in Innsbruck
2003 Winter Universiade

The 2003 Winter Universiade, the XXI Winter Universiade, took place in Tarvisio, Italy. Total 1,266 athletes from 41 countries performed.

Venues

Tarvisio 
 Alpine skiing
 Cross-country skiing
 Nordic combined
 Ski jumping

Other venues 
 Forni Avoltri - Biathlon
 Claut - Curling
 Piancavallo - Figure skating, short track, snowboard
 Pontebba - Ice hockey
 Zoncolan - Carving
 Villach  - Ice hockey
 Bischofshofen  - Ski jumping

Medal table

Sports
 Curling
 Figure skating

 
2003
Winter Universiade
U
Winter Universiade
Multi-sport events in Italy
Sport in Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Winter Universiade
Winter sports competitions in Italy
2001 Winter Universiade

The 2001 Winter Universiade, the XX Winter Universiade, took place in Zakopane, Poland.

Medal table

Sports
 Figure skating

External links
 FISU - Zakopane 2001 Winter Universiade
 Official site - 2001 Winter Universiade

 
2001
Universiade
Universiade
Universiade 2001
Sports competitions in Zakopane
Multi-sport events in Poland
Winter Universiade
Winter sports competitions in Poland