alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
R v Turcotte

R v Turcotte, [2005] 2 S.C.R. 519 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the common law right to silence and the conditions to waive that right.

Background
Three men who worked at a ranch in British Columbia were murdered with an axe. Thomas Turcotte, a work-hand at the ranch, claimed to have found the bodies of the three men but denied killing them. He went to the police to tell them to send someone to the ranch, but he would not explain why, even at the insistence of the police. When the bodies were found Turcotte was charged with murder.

At trial the judge instructed the jury that his silence was admissible as evidence of "post-offence conduct", from which guilt could be inferred. All of the evidence was circumstantial, but Turcotte was found guilty of murder.

The defence appealed on the grounds that silence could not be "post-offence conduct". The British Columbia Court of Appeal agreed and overturned the conviction.

Opinion of the Court
Justice Rosalie Abella wrote the decision of the unanimous Court. She held that silence could not be part of "post-offence conduct" and ordered a new trial. She noted that to allow such evidence would make the right to silence hollow of meaning.

On the issue of whether Turcotte had waived his right to silence, Abella found that he had not. "The right to choose whether to speak is retained throughout the interaction." Thus, the right remains even when the accused agrees to answer some questions but not others.

"Post-offence conduct" must provide some circumstantial evidence of guilt. The law does not impose any duty to speak and so any refusal to do so cannot imply guilt. Consequently, silence can rarely be admitted as evidence of post-offence conduct.

See also
 List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (McLachlin Court)

External links
 

Supreme Court of Canada cases
2005 in Canadian case law
Canadian criminal procedure case law
Canadian evidence case law
Trim station

Trim is a transitway station in the east end of Ottawa, Ontario, located near Trim Road and Regional Road 174 (former Highway 17). A Natrel factory is located near this station.

Trim station once served as the eastern weekday terminus for the OC Transpo Transitway route 95, but is now served every day of the week, with Rapid Route 39 travelling between Blair and Millennium stations. Before October 2019, there was no rapid weekend service at the station, as it was mostly used a stop for servicing commuters who were using the Park and Ride facility that contains about 1,089 parking spaces.

There are plans to possibly add a transitway extension into residential neighbourhoods along Innes Road and Trim Road, while it remains mostly rural to the east towards Cumberland Village and Rockland.

During the summer, special service to nearby Petrie Island Beach is provided on weekends.

This station will serve as the eastern terminus for the O-Train Confederation Line beginning in 2025.

Service 

The following routes serve Trim:

Notes 
 Route  towards or from Blair station does not travel past this station during the late evenings on weekdays.
 Route  only operates on weekends during the summer months.

References

External links

Railway stations scheduled to open in 2025
Transitway (Ottawa) stations
Mattress Factory

The Mattress Factory is a contemporary art museum located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was a pioneer of site-specific installation art and features permanent installations by artists Yayoi Kusama, James Turrell, and Greer Lankton. The museum's roof itself is a light art installation and part of Pittsburgh's Northside evening skyline.

Barbara Luderowski purchased a derelict Stearns & Foster mattress warehouse in 1975. The museum achieved non-profit status in 1977.  Over the next forty years, Luderowski would attract upcoming installation artists to fill its walls. The Mattress Factory along with its neighbors City of Asylum and Randyland are credited with playing a role in Pittsburgh's revitalization.

History
In 1975, artist and Mattress Factory founder Barbara Luderowski purchased a former Stearns & Foster mattress warehouse at 500 Sampsonia Way in Pittsburgh's Central Northside. Originally, she used the warehouse as a space to live, work and build a community of artists and intellectuals. The community grew and in 1977—after two years of hosting art exhibits and a small food co-op—the Mattress Factory was established as a legal non-profit educational and cultural corporation. Its first exhibition of installation art opened five years later on May 8, 1982, and the museum has since grown to be an integral part of the Pittsburgh arts community, known for its artist residency program, educational programming, and unique exhibitions. In 2008 then-Curator of Exhibitions Michael Olijnyk joined Luderowski in leading the museum as co-director.

Over the years the Mattress Factory has acquired more properties for various purposes, including:
1414 Monterey Street, which became a new gallery space
Two buildings on North Taylor Street that became artist residences
505 Jacksonia Street, which is now used as a parking lot for museum visitors, and the adjacent lot, which now houses Winifred Lutz's Garden Installation, 1993
516 Sampsonia Way, which opened as gallery space in Fall 2013

Sexual Misconduct Allegations 
In September 2018, a report published in Pittsburgh's WESA detailed five employees' allegations of sexual misconduct and the mishandling of the situation by the Mattress Factory and its director, Michael Olijnyk. The complaint was filed with the National Labor Relations Board, and in early January 2019, a settlement was reached and the investigation was closed.

Permanent exhibitions
, the Mattress Factory hosts 17 continuous, permanent installations. The following is a short list of artists who have permanent displays at the Mattress Factory:

Gallery

References

External links
 

1977 establishments in Pennsylvania
Art museums and galleries in Pennsylvania
Art museums established in 1977
Contemporary art galleries in the United States
Modern art museums in the United States
Museums in Pittsburgh
Tourist attractions in Pittsburgh
Orphism

Orphism  may refer to:

 Orphism (art), a school of art, also known as "Orphic cubism"
 Orphism (religion), a religious movement in antiquity, supposed to have been founded by Orpheus
Uranyl chloride

Uranyl chloride refers to inorganic compounds with the formula UO2Cl2(H2O)n where n = 0, 1, or 3.  These are yellow-colored salts.

Synthesis and structures

The hydrates are obtained by dissolving uranyl sulfate or uranyl acetate in hydrochloric acid followed by crystallization from concentrated solutions. Depending on the method of drying, one obtains the mono- or the trihydrate. The monohydrate is described as a yellow, sulfur-like powder. It is very hygroscopic. The trihydrate is greenish-yellow.  Both hydrates are fluorescent solids that are highly soluble in water.

The anhydrous material can be obtained by the reaction of oxygen with uranium tetrachloride:
UCl4  +  O2  →  UO2Cl2  +  Cl2

In terms of structures, all three of these compounds feature the uranyl center (trans-UO22+) bound to five additional ligands, which can include (bridging) chloride, water, or another uranyl oxygen.

Reactions
The aquo ligands can be replaced by a variety of donors, e.g. THF.

Industrial importance
The company Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) has developed a process to extract uranium from the Western and Eastern coastal dune sands of India. After pre-processing with high-intensity magnetic separators and fine grinding, the mineral sands (known as monazite), are digested with caustic soda at about  and water. The hydroxide concentrate is further digested with concentrated hydrochloric acid to solubilise all hydroxides to form a feed solution composed of chlorides of uranium and other rare earth elements including thorium. The solution is subjected to liquid–liquid extraction with dual solvent systems to produce uranyl chloride and thorium oxalate. The crude uranyl chloride solution is subsequently refined to nuclear grade ammonium diuranate by a purification process involving precipitation and solvent extraction in a nitrate media.

References

External links

Uranyl compounds
Chlorides
Metal halides
Oxychlorides
Open Skies, Closed Minds

Open Skies, Closed Minds, a book on ufology, expresses the views of Nick Pope, a former UFO investigator with the British Ministry of Defence (MOD).

The book provides an overview of the UFO phenomenon, with the emphasis on Pope's three-year tour of duty as the Ministry of Defence's UFO desk officer. It examines a number of well-known UFO cases, including the Roswell crash and the Rendlesham Forest Incident, as well as a number of less well-known cases from the MOD's UFO case-files. Pope also discusses the politics surrounding the way in which those within government and the military view UFO phenomena.

References

Books about extraterrestrial life

it:Open Skies, Closed Minds
Regulatory Agencies

Regulatory agencies

May relate to

List of United States federal agencies
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (India)

or to regulatory agencies in other countries.
Pier Pressure (audio drama)

Pier Pressure is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who.

Plot
In 1936 Brighton, strange lights and terrible sounds are coming from beneath the pier, and the dead are unusually ambulatory.  The only hope is the Doctor and Evelyn and — Max Miller?

Cast
The Doctor — Colin Baker
Evelyn Smythe — Maggie Stables
Professor Talbot — Doug Bradley
Emily Bung — Sally Ann Curran
Max Miller — Roy Hudd
Billy — Martin Parsons
Albert Potter — Chris Simmons

Notes
One of the characters in this story is a young actor called Billy, who has just made a film called While Parents Sleep and also starred in I'm an Explosive. These 1930s films do exist, and contain early appearances by "Billy Hartnell", who (as William Hartnell) would later play the First Doctor.
At the beginning of the story, Evelyn suggests a trip to Blackpool, but the Doctor refuses because of what happened to him last time he visited that town. This is a reference to the unmade Sixth Doctor serial The Nightmare Fair, which was to be the first serial in season 23 – the show went on hiatus for a year instead. This story has since been made by Big Finish as a part of their Lost Stories.
The story ends with an alien energy becoming trapped in the metal structure of the West Pier, which will corrode the structure in "60 to 70 years."  This refers to the fact that the Pier suffered several collapses throughout the 1990s and 2000s (decade), eventually destroying the structure beyond repair.
The aliens in this story return in Assassin in the Limelight.
Comedian Max Miller is portrayed in this story by actor Roy Hudd, who is an authority on and biographer of the real Max Miller and president of the Max Miller Appreciation Society.
The character names Albert Potter and Emily Bung are taken from the names of characters in Carry On Screaming.

References

External links
Big Finish Productions – Pier Pressure

2006 audio plays
Sixth Doctor audio plays
Fiction set in 1936
Brighton in fiction
Mikael Lundberg

Lars Mikael Lundberg (born 13 August 1973) is a Swedish professional golfer. He has won three times on the European Tour.

Early life and amateur career
Lundberg was born in Helsingborg, Sweden. He represented Sweden in the 1994 Eisenhower Trophy.

Professional career
Lundberg turned professional in 1995. He spent several years on the developmental Challenge Tour, where he was victorious in the 1997 Himmerland Open, and won a place on the main European Tour via a fourth-place finish on the 2000 Challenge Tour Rankings. After two steady seasons on tour, a 137th-place finish on the 2003 Order of Merit cost him his European Tour card and he returned to the Challenge Tour in 2004.

Lundberg won back his place on the European Tour by winning the 2005 Cadillac Russian Open, which was an official money event on both tours, but finished outside the top 150 on the 2006 Order of Merit, and returned to the Challenge Tour the next season. Another top ten finish on the Challenge Tour rankings in 2007 saw him regain his European Tour card for 2008, when he won the Russian Open for the second time, giving him a two-year exemption on the main tour.

In 2017 Lundberg won the Lumine Lakes Open, an early-season event on the third-tier Nordic Golf League. In 2019 he won the World Snooker Jessie May Championship and the end-of-season Tour Championships on the PGA EuroPro Tour, as well as the tour's Order of Merit. In April 2021 he won the PGA Catalunya Resort Championship on the Nordic Golf League at the second hole of a sudden-death playoff.

Professional wins (11)

European Tour wins (3)

1Dual-ranking event with the Challenge Tour

European Tour playoff record (2–0)

Challenge Tour wins (3)

1Dual-ranking event with the European Tour

Challenge Tour playoff record (1–0)

PGA EuroPro Tour wins (2)

Nordic Golf League wins (2)

Swedish Golf Tour wins (1)

Other wins (1)
1995 Slovenian Open

Team appearances
Amateur
European Boys' Team Championship (representing Sweden): 1991 (winners)
European Youths' Team Championship: 1992 (winners), 1994
European Amateur Team Championship (representing Sweden): 1993
Eisenhower Trophy (representing Sweden): 1994

See also
2007 Challenge Tour graduates
2011 European Tour Qualifying School graduates
2012 European Tour Qualifying School graduates
2013 European Tour Qualifying School graduates

References

External links

Swedish male golfers
European Tour golfers
Sportspeople from Helsingborg
1973 births
Living people
Contradance (card game)

Contradance (also known as Cotillion) is a solitaire card game which is played with two decks of playing cards. It is probably so called because when the game is won, it shows the king and the queen of each suit about to do a dance, the cotillion being a country dance from the 18th century.

It should not be confused with another solitaire game called Royal Cotillion.

Rules

Before the game starts, all fives and sixes are separated from the shuffled decks and placed on the table. These sixteen cards are the foundations; the fives are built down to aces, then kings, while the sixes are built up to queens, all by suit.

The stock is dealt one at a time, and cards that cannot be built yet on the foundations are placed on a wastepile, the top card of which is available for play on the foundations. The predominant rule sets allow only one redeal. To do this, the unplayed cards on the wastepile are picked up and turned face down to make the new stock.

The game is won when all cards are built on the foundations.

Variations

Contradance (Cotillion) is a two-deck version of the single-deck game Captive Queens (Quadrille).

Closely related to Contradance is the solitaire game Sixes and Sevens, which adds a nine card reserve in the shape of a 3x3 grid, and has foundations starting with 6s (building down) and 7s (building up).  Games much like Sixes and Sevens include Odd and Even, Patriarchs, and Royal Cotillion.

References

See also
 Quadrille (Captured Queens)
 Royal Cotillion
 Odd and Even
 Patriarchs
 List of solitaires
 Glossary of solitaire

Double-deck patience card games
Simple builders
Grace A. Dow

Grace Anna Dow (; 1869–1953) was an American philanthropist. She is best known as the wife of Herbert H. Dow, inventor, entrepreneur and founder of Dow Chemical Company, and mother of architect Alden B. Dow.

Personal 
She was born in Michigan as Grace Anna Ball in 1869 to Arnelia and George Willard Ball, a schoolteacher and banker, respectively. In 1892, she married Herbert Henry Dow in Midland, Michigan.

Grace and Herbert raised seven children together. She lived most of her married life in Midland, except for a short period in Cleveland, Ohio early in her husband's business career.

Philanthropy 
After her husband's death, Grace Dow founded The Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Foundation in his memory. She served as a trustee of the Foundation until her death. The Foundation is dedicated to funding religion, education, culture, science, and community life in Michigan.

In April 1941, Grace Dow donated ten acres (later increased to 40 acres) of property as the site for Midland Hospital (now MyMichigan Medical Center Midland). Relatives recalled her joy in making the gift, which was adjacent to the Dow family orchards. She joked, "If nothing else, they can sit there and eat apples while they have to be in the hospital."

Throughout her life, Grace Dow frequently contributed to projects in the Midland community personally as well as through the activities of the Dow Foundation. She personally donated to a variety of local church construction projects, including donation of an Italian marble altar for St. Bridget's Catholic Church; and supported missionary work at home and abroad. She served a number of years as president of the Presbyterian Women's Missionary Society, and provided help to those in need.

Grace Dow was an active member of several civic organizations including a women's study club, the Monday Club, for which she served two presidencies; co-founder of the John Alden Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, for which she was the first Regent and served a 3-year term on the state board; and served 50 years on the Midland Library board. In the early 1950s she was involved in the planning and funding through the Foundation of a new library building, which was designed by her son, architect Alden Dow. Grace died in 1953 before construction began.

Legacy and honors
Midland named the new library as the Grace A. Dow Memorial Library in her honor.
She founded The Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Foundation and donated to numerous civic projects through it, including health care and education.

References

External links
 The Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Foundation

1869 births
1953 deaths
American women philanthropists
Dow Chemical Company
People from Midland, Michigan
Philanthropists from Michigan
Album Minus Band

Album Minus Band is the debut full-length album from DIY collective Bomb the Music Industry! It was recorded by ex-Arrogant Sons of Bitches frontman, Jeff Rosenstock, in a bedroom. The album contains “Unlicensed cover songs. Unlicensed audio samples. Great times.”  It is available for free download on the band's website, as well as on Quote Unquote Records’ website. The title of this record would go on to inspire the name of a fan-sourced tribute album entitled "Album Minus Jeff". It was released on vinyl for the first time in 2008 through Asbestos Records.

In a 2015 interview Rosenstock said "This record was kind of terrifying to make, but it was also really honest. It's a really fucked up sounding, pure record from someone who doesn’t know how to use a thing, recording-wise. It got me out of whatever shitty path I was on had I not done this." Rosenstock continued: "I think this record is the spirit of the whole Bomb the Music Industry! thing. If you can't afford something, or there's a bunch of shit in your way, fuck it! Just make a record anyway. Just write songs and do your thing. There's not a record that encapsulates that more than this one."

Track listing
All songs written by Jeff Rosenstock except where noted.

Details

“Future 86” contains back-up vocals by The Know How and a group of about 100 fans. It was originally written for singer/guitarist Jeff Rosenstock's previous band, The Arrogant Sons of Bitches.

“Big Plans of Sleeping In” contains a sample from the film Shaun of the Dead.

“Sweet Home Cananada” was recorded using only the built in microphone on Rosenstock's computer. It uses “no electric guitars or bass... just distorted acoustic guitars”. It also contains a sample from comedian David Cross’s album, Shut Up You Fucking Baby.

“Funcoland vs. The Southern Electorate” was covered by Rick Johnson Rock and Roll Machine for the President's Day Split.

“I’m Too Cooooool for Music” contains a sample from the TV show Arrested Development.

References

External links
Album Minus Band on Quote Unquote Records

Bomb the Music Industry! albums
2005 albums
Albums free for download by copyright owner
Salamat (region)

Salamat is one of the 23 regions of Chad, located in the south-east of the country. The region's capital is Am Timan. It corresponds to the former prefecture of the same name.

Geography 
Salamat borders Sila Region to the north, the Central African Republic to the south-east, and Moyen-Chari Region and Guéra Region to the west and north-west. The terrain is generally flat savannah. Half of the Zakouma National Park lies in the region.

Settlements 
Am Timan is the region's capital; other major settlements include Abgué, Abou-Deïa, Am Habilé, Djouna, Haraze, Mangueigne and Mouraye.

Demographics 
As per the 2009 Chadian census, the population of Salamat is 302,301. The main ethnolinguistic groups are Arab groups such as the Baggara (generally speakers of Chadian Arabic), Birgit, Gula groups such as the Gula Iro and Bon Gula, Jonkor Bourmataguil, Kibet, Runga and Toram.

Economy 
Salamat's economy is based on subsistence agriculture, fishery and cotton. Salamat has been described as the "poorest region in the world" by the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and other sources. There is a limited amount of tourism activity related to Zakouma National Park.

Subdivisions 
The region of Salamat is divided into three departments:

References

 
Regions of Chad
To Leave or Die in Long Island

To Leave or Die in Long Island is the second release by the DIY collective Bomb The Music Industry!. It is considered a "mini-album" by the band members, being too long to be an EP but not long enough to be a full-length.

The album was released by Asbestos Records on vinyl in December 2006, after a delay due to a manufacturing error. The first pressing consists of three versions on vinyl, and a limited edition picture disc.

Track listing
All songs written by Jeff Rosenstock.

Details
"Congratulations, John, On Joining Every Time I Die" is about BtMI! guitarist/bass player John DeDomenici, who singer/guitarist Jeff Rosenstock thought was going to quit BtMI! to join metalcore band Every Time I Die. He did not. The line "1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, Pick it up, 1, 2, 3" in the bridge is an homage to the Every Time I Die song "Off Broadway", but the actual lyric in the song is "keep it up", not pick it up.

The sample at the beginning of "Showerbeers" is from the movie Can't Hardly Wait.

"Bomb the Music Industry! (and Action Action) (and Refused) (and Born Against) Are Fucking Dead" contains a sample from the British sitcom The Office.

"Brian Wilson Says SMiLE! (a.k.a. Beard of Defiance)" uses a sample from The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie.

References

External links
To Leave or Die in Long Island on Quote Unquote Records

Bomb the Music Industry! albums
2005 albums
Albums free for download by copyright owner
Tandjilé

Tandjilé may refer to:
 Tandjilé Prefecture, one of the 14 Prefectures of Chad, which existed from 1960, the year of independence, to 1999
 Tandjilé Region, one of the regions of Chad, established in 2002
Alphabets of Anatolia

Various alphabetic writing systems were in use in Iron Age Anatolia to record Anatolian languages and Phrygian. Several of these languages had previously been written with logographic and syllabic scripts.

The alphabets of Asia Minor proper share characteristics that distinguish them from the earliest attested forms of the Greek alphabet. Many letters in these alphabets resemble Greek letters but have unrelated readings, most extensively in the case of Carian. The Phrygian and Lemnian alphabets by contrast were early adaptations of regional variants of the Greek alphabet; the earliest Phrygian inscriptions are contemporary with early Greek inscriptions, but contain Greek innovations such as the letters Φ and Ψ which did not exist in the earliest forms of the Greek alphabet.

The Anatolian alphabets fell out of use around the 4th century BCE with the onset of the Hellenistic period.

Alphabets
The Lydian script, an alphabet used to record the Lydian language from ca. the 5th to 4th centuries BCE; a related script is the "Para-Lydian" alphabet known from a single inscription in Sardis. 
 The Para-Lydian script, known from a single inscription found in Sardis Synagogue, language unknown, undeciphered but closely resembles the Lydian script, hence the name.
The Carian script, recording the Carian language, known from inscriptions in Caria, Egypt and Athens. Only partially understood, there were 45 letters. Many of these resemble the Greek alphabet in form, but have different values.
The Lycian script, an alphabet recording the Lycian language from the 5th to 4th centuries BCE.
The Sidetic script, an alphabet of 25 letters, only a few of which are clearly derived from Greek, known from coin legends in what might be a Sidetic language.
The Pisidian script, an alphabet used to write the Pisidian language. It is attested in about 30 inscriptions around the region of Pisidia.
The Phrygian script, an alphabet of 21 letters used for the Phrygian language (22 for the Mysian language) which is very similar to early Greek epichoric alphabets, except for the presence of a special character for j.

See also

History of the alphabet
Greek alphabet
Old Italic alphabets
Northeastern Iberian script
Iberian scripts
Luwian hieroglyphs

References

Further reading

External links
Alphabets of Asia Minor (indoeuro.bizland.com)
Carian inscription
Lydian-Aramaean bilingue (titus.uni-frankfurt.de)
Lycian inscribed pillar (holylandphotos.org)

Ancient Greek
Anatolian languages
Asia Minor
Iron Age Anatolia
Afşin

Afşin is a municipality and district of Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,502 km2, and its population is 80,044 (2022). It is the location of the ancient town Arabissus.

Afşin-Elbistan power stations 

Two coal fired power stations are operational and are said to be damaging health via air pollution.

Composition
There are 66 neighbourhoods in Afşin District:

 Afşinbey
 Ağcaşar
 Alemdar
 Alimpınar
 Alpaslan
 Altaş
 Altunelma
 Anzorey
 Arıtaş
 Armutalanı
 Bakraç
 Başüstü
 Berçenek
 Beyceğiz
 Binboğa
 Büget
 Büyüksevin
 Büyüktatlı
 Çağulhan
 Çobanbeyli
 Çoğulhan
 Çomudüz
 Çukurpınar
 Dedebaba
 Deveboynu
 Dokuztay
 Efsuzturan
 Emirilyas
 Emirli
 Erçene
 Esence
 Gaziosmanpaşa
 Gerger
 Gözpınarı
 Haticepınar
 Hurman
 Hüyüklü
 İğdemlik
 İnciköy
 İncirli
 Kabaağaç
 Kale
 Kangal
 Karagöz
 Kaşanlı
 Koçovası
 Kötüre
 Küçük Tatlar
 Kuşkayası
 Marabuz
 Mehre
 Nadirköy
 Oğlakkaya
 Ördekköy
 Örenderesi
 Örenli
 Pınarbaşı
 Soğucak
 Söğütdere
 Tanır
 Topaktaş
 Türkçayırı
 Türksevin
 Yazıdere
 Yazıköy
 Yeşilyurt

References

External links

 District governor's official website 
 District municipality's official website 

 
Populated places in Kahramanmaraş Province
Districts of Kahramanmaraş Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Çağlayancerit

Çağlayancerit is a municipality and district of Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. Its area is 470 km2, and its population is 22,350 (2022).

Etymology
The name of the district comes from the Turkoman tribe of Jerid (Cerit in Turkish).

Composition
There are 19 neighbourhoods in Çağlayancerit District:

 Akdere
 Aksu
 Bayırlı
 Bölükdamlar
 Boylu
 Bozlar
 Emiruşağı
 Engizek
 Fatih
 Helete Cumhuriyet
 Helete Karadağ
 Helete Yeşiloba
 Istiklal
 Kaleköy
 Küçükcerit
 Küçüküngüt
 Oruçpınar
 Soğukpınar
 Zeynepuşağı

2009 helicopter crash 

On March 25, 2009, Great Union Party's (BBP) leader Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu came to Çağlayancerit at 13:00 EET (11:00 UCT) by a chartered helicopter to hold a speech at his party's rally ahead of the local elections. After the rally at the town's square before 1,500 people gathered, he left at 14:42 local time with the same helicopter carrying his party's three other local politicians and a reporter to head for another rally in Yerköy, Yozgat Province.

The helicopter crashed at Mount Keş in Göksun district killing the pilot and four passengers, among them Yazıcıoğlu. The reporter survived with injuries and made an emergency call reporting the accident. Subsequent search and rescue operations, conducted by thousands of people and assisted by several helicopters, succeeded to recover the wreckage and the five bodies only three days later due to advert weather conditions in the region. The reporter's corpse was finally found two more days later far from the crash site.

References

External links
 District governor's official website 

 
Populated places in Kahramanmaraş Province
Districts of Kahramanmaraş Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Lethbridge School District No. 51

Lethbridge School Division is the public school board in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.

Size
Lethbridge School Division operates 24 schools covering grades ranging from Pre-Kindergarten  to Grade 12.

Governance
A group of seven elected trustees run the Lethbridge School Division.  They are elected every three years, in the regular municipal election.  In the election, Lethbridge voters can only vote for a trustee to one (not both) of the two major school boards (Lethbridge School Division and the separate Holy Spirit Roman Catholic division).  The public and Catholic systems operate independently of each other, and are both under the direct authority of the provincial government of Alberta. The last election was in October 2021.

List of schools and principals
High schools

 Chinook High School (Bill Forster)
 Lethbridge Collegiate Institute (Wayne Pallet)
 Winston Churchill High School (Tracy Wong)
 Victoria Park High School (Cayley King)
 Immanuel Christian High School

Middle schools

 Gilbert Paterson Middle School (Darryl Christiansen)
 G.S. Lakie Middle School (Sharon Mezei)
 Lethbridge Christian School (Sean Alaric)
 Senator Joyce Fairbairn Middle School (Bill Bartlett)
 Wilson Middle School (Dean Hawkins)

Elementary schools

 Coalbanks Elementary School (Joey Gentile)
 Dr. Gerald B. Probe Elementary School (Candice Vercillo)
 École Agnes Davidson Elementary School (Broc Higginson)
 Fleetwood Bawden Elementary School (Craig DeJong)
 Galbraith Elementary School (Sandy Scheldrup)
 General Stewart Elementary School
 Lakeview Elementary School
 Lethbridge Christian School (Sean Alaric)
 Mike Mountain Horse Elementary School
 Nicholas Sheran Community School (Deborah Constable)
 Park Meadows Elementary School (Mark Blankenstyn)
 Senator Buchanan Elementary School
 Westminster Elementary School (Angela Wilde)
 Immanuel Christian Elementary School

See also
List of Alberta school boards
Schools in Alberta
Holy Spirit Roman Catholic Separate Regional Division No. 4

External links
 Lethbridge School District No. 51

School districts in Alberta
Education in Lethbridge
Phrygian alphabet

The Phrygian alphabet is the script used in the earliest Phrygian texts.

It dates back to the 8th century BCE and was used until the fourth century BCE ("Old-Phrygian" inscriptions), after which it was replaced by the common Greek alphabet ("New-Phrygian" inscriptions, 1st to 3rd century CE). The Phrygian alphabet was derived from the Phoenician alphabet and is almost identical to the early West Greek alphabets. 

The alphabet consists of 19 letters – 5 vowels (a, e, i, o, u) and 14 consonants (b, g, d, v, z, y, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t). A variant of the Phrygian alphabet was used in the inscriptions of the Mysian dialect. Words are often separated by spaces or by three or four vertically spaced points. It is usually written from left to right ("dextroverse"), but about one-sixth of the inscriptions was written from right to left ("sinistroverse"). In multi-line inscriptions there is usually a spelling of boustrophedon (a few dozen inscriptions).

Alphabet 
The nineteen characters of the Old-Phrygian alphabet are:

Notes

See also
Phrygian cap
Gordium
Paleo-Balkan languages
Phrygian language

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Sieglinde Hofmann

Sieglinde Hofmann (born 14 March 1945) was a German militant and member of both the Socialist Patients' Collective and the Red Army Faction.

Biography
As a child Hofmann attended a Catholic girls' school and went on to train to become a nurse and then a social worker. She was believed to have joined the Red Army Faction (as part of their second generation) in 1976 after having first joined the SPK and was suspected of involvement in the killing of banker Jürgen Ponto. It is now known that it was actually the terrorists Susanne Albrecht, Brigitte Mohnhaupt and Christian Klar who took part in the Ponto assassination.

Hofmann was among the group of terrorists who took part in the kidnapping of Hanns-Martin Schleyer. She walked along the road that Schleyer's convoy was passing pushing a pram laden with guns. She pushed the pram out into the middle of the street to stop the convoy from driving past, and as the cars slowed to a stop, she, along with a group of RAF terrorists, ambushed the cars, murdering Schleyer's driver, his bodyguard and two police officers.

Hofmann, along with Brigitte Mohnhaupt, Peter-Jürgen Boock and Rolf Wagner was arrested on 11 May 1978 in Yugoslavia, but they were all freed and flown to an undisclosed country of their choice. A lot of them went immediately back underground, including Hofmann. Two years later, however, on 5 May 1980, Hofmann was rearrested in Paris (alongside Ingrid Barabass), following a raid on a RAF safehouse.

Imprisonment
Although initially only charged with involvement in the murder of Ponto and condemned to serve  fifteen years in prison, Hofmann was taken back into custody three days before the end of her sentence in August 1995  to be tried for other offences. The second trial was only possible after a judicial clarification in France.

On 26 September of the same year, Hofmann, then 50 years old, was found guilty of involvement in five cases of murder, and three cases of attempted murder by the Higher Regional Court in Stuttgart, and was sentenced to life imprisonment. Her crimes included her offences against Ponto, and other crimes such as a failed bomb attack on NATO Commander Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr. and the murder/kidnapping of the President of the German Employer's Association, Hanns Martin Schleyer. She was, however, released from prison on 5 May 1999.

See also

Members of the RAF
The Baader-Meinhof Gang

References

External links
Hofmann bio - in German

1945 births
Living people
People from Bad Königshofen
People imprisoned on charges of terrorism
German prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Germany
German female murderers
People paroled from life sentence
German people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by Germany
Members of the Red Army Faction
Members of the Socialist Patients' Collective
Siebengemeinden

The Siebengemeinden (; , ) were seven Jewish communities located in Kismarton (today Eisenstadt, Austria) and its surrounding area. The groups are known as Sheva Kehillot in Hebrew.

History
The communities were established after 1670, when Paul I, 1st Prince Esterházy of Galántha accepted the Jews that had been expelled from Vienna by Leopold I.

The Siebengemeinden (now in Austrian Burgenland, which formerly belonged to Hungary) were composed of communities in Kismarton, Nagymarton (Mattersburg, old German name: Mattersdorf), Kabold (Kobersdorf), Lakompak (Lackenbach), Boldogasszony (Frauenkirchen), Köpcsény (Kittsee), and Sopronkeresztúr (Deutschkreutz, Hebrew: Tzeilem, Yiddish: Zelem). All together there numbered around 3,000 Jews, who were predominantly of Orthodox Jewish persuasion.

The most pious lived in Nagymarton and Sopronkeresztúr, where there were important yeshivas. Another community developed in Nagymarton under the leadership of the great Rabbi Moses Sofer (1763–1839). All seven communities fell victim to the persecution of the Jews under the government of the National Socialists.

People 
 Samson Wertheimer (16581724), chief rabbi of Hungary and Moravia, and rabbi of Kismarton
 Moses Sofer, rabbi of Nagymarton, 1798 - 1806
 Joseph Joachim (1831 - 1907),  violinist, conductor, composer from Köpcsény

Data from the 1910 Census 

 Alsókismartonhegy (Unterberg, now part of Eisenstadt): 276 Jews (79.3% of the town or village)
 Lakompak (Lackenbach): 464 Jews (27.8%)
 Kabold (Kobersdorf): 256 Jews (20.2%)
 Sopronkeresztúr (Deutschkreutz): 621 Jews (18.6%) 
 Boldogasszony (Frauenkirchen): 412 Jews (15.1%)
 Nagymarton (Mattersdorf, now Mattersburg): 511 Jews (13.5%)
 Kismarton (Eisenstadt): 168 Jews (5.5%)
 Felsőkismartonhegy (Oberberg, now part of Eisenstadt): 58 Jews (4.4%)
 Köpcsény (Kittsee): 92 Jews (2.9%)

See also 
 Kiryat Mattersdorf
 History of the Jews in Hungary
 Jewish history of Slovakia
 Jewish history of Austria
 Austrian Jewish Museum

References

Further reading 
Johannes Reiss (ed.): Aus den Sieben-Gemeinden. Ein Lesebuch über Juden im Burgenland. Eisenstadt 1997. 
Hugo Gold (ed.): Gedenkbuch der untergegangenen Judengemeinden des Burgenlandes. Tel Aviv 1970.

External links 
 SHEBA' ḲEHILLOT (Jewish Encyclopedia)

 
Burgenland
Jewish Hungarian history
Jewish Austrian history
Jewish communities in Hungary
Jewish communities in Austria
Holocaust locations in Hungary
Oberlander Jews
XHTY-FM (Baja California)

XHTY-FM is a commercial radio station located in Tijuana, Baja California, broadcasting to the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area on 99.7 FM.  XHTY-FM airs a regional Mexican music format branded as "La Invasora" which in English translates to "The Invader."

XHTY is owned and operated by Uniradio, which operates stations in Baja California and Sonora, though it is programmed from Uniradio's San Diego studios. It broadcasts in the hybrid (digital) HD format.

History
XHB-FM received its concession in December 1964, specifying operation on 92.9 MHz but soon after moving to 99.7. In October 1981, XHB became XHBCN-FM.

In the late 1990s, XHBCN engaged in two call sign changes. It became XHAMR-FM in 1997, and two years later, it became XHTY-FM, taking the original call sign of its sister station, which became XHA-FM.

References

External links
La Invasora 99.7 Official Website

Radio stations in Tijuana
Regional Mexican radio stations
Public holidays in Sabah

This is a list of the public holidays of the Malaysian state of Sabah and Sarawak. Dates given are those on which the holidays were celebrated in 2006. Some are Malaysian national holidays, while others are celebrated only in Sabah and Sarawak.

List of Holidays
 New Year's Day, January 1
 Chinese New Year, January - February
 Maal Hijrah (Awal Muharram, or Muslim New Year), 1 Muḥarram
 Maulidur Rasul (Birthday of the Prophet Muhammad), 12 Rabī‘ al-Awwal
 Good Friday, Friday in March or April
 Labour Day, May 1
 Wesak Day, May 
 Harvest Festival, May 30–31 (Sabah and Labuan only)
 Birthday Celebration of SPB Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King's Birthday), Saturday in June
 Hari Merdeka (National Day), August 31
 Malaysia Day September 16 
 Birthday of Yang di-Pertua Negeri (State governor, Sabah only), Saturday in October
 Deepavali, October - November
 Eid Al-Fitr (Hari Raya Puasa), 1 Shawwal
Christmas Eve , December 24
 Christmas Day, December 25
 Eid Al-Adha (Hari Raya Qurban), 10 Dhū al-Ḥijjah

See also
Public holidays in Malaysia

Sabah
Sabah and Sarawak
Caffeine citrate

Caffeine citrate, sold under the brand name Cafcit among others, is a medication used to treat a lack of breathing in premature babies. Specifically it is given to babies who are born at less than 35 weeks or weigh less than  once other causes are ruled out. It is given by mouth or slow injection into a vein.

Side effects can include problems feeding, increased heart rate, low blood sugar, necrotizing enterocolitis, and kidney problems. Testing blood caffeine levels is occasionally recommended. Although it is often referred to as a citric acid salt of caffeine, as implied by its name, caffeine citrate in fact consists of cocrystals of the two components. Caffeine citrate is in the xanthine family of medication. It works by stimulating the respiratory centers in the brain.

Caffeine was discovered in 1819. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The intravenous form may also be taken by mouth.

In June 2020, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended the approval of Gencebok. It was approved for use in the European Union in August 2020.

Medical uses
Caffeine citrate is generally the preferred treatment for apnea of prematurity for infants born 28 to 32 weeks or earlier than 28 weeks. It has fewer side effects as compared to theophylline.

Caffeine improves airway function in asthma, increasing forced expiratory volume (FEV1) by 5% to 18%, with this effect lasting for up to four hours.

Mechanism
In method of action, the preparation is identical to that of caffeine base as the citrate counter ion dissociates in water.  Doses of caffeine citrate, due to the added weight of the citrate moiety, are understandably higher than with caffeine base, i.e., it takes a larger dose to get the same amount of caffeine. The ratio of therapeutic doses of caffeine base to its citrate salt is typically 1:2. Dosing should therefore be clearly distinguished.

Manufacture
The drug is prepared by combining anhydrous caffeine with citric acid monohydrate and sodium citrate dihydrate. Caffeine citrate cocrystals can take on at least two anhydrous polymorphs.

References

External links 
 
 

Adenosine receptor antagonists
Bitter compounds
Caffeine
Citrates
World Health Organization essential medicines
Xanthines
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate
Orphan drugs
Mì Quảng

Mì Quảng  (also spelled mỳ Quảng), literally "Quảng noodles", is a Vietnamese noodle dish that originated from Quảng Nam Province in central Vietnam. In the region, it is one of the most popular and nationally recognized food items, and served on various occasions such as at family parties, death anniversaries, and Tết.

Mì Quảng can both be found in many famous restaurants and street vendors among Central provinces and is eaten for breakfast and lunch.

Ingredients and serving

The main ingredients of mì Quảng are rice noodles, meat, and herbs, most commonly served with a small amount of broth, which is generally infused with turmeric. Wide rice noodles are placed atop of a bed of fresh herbs in a bowl (or vice versa), and then warm or lukewarm broth and meat are added. The broth is usually strongly flavored and only a small amount of it is used, generally enough to partially cover the vegetables.

Meats used in the dish may include one or more of the following: shrimp (), pork (), chicken (), or even fish () or beef (). The broth is made by simmering the meat in water or bone broth for a more intense flavor, seasoned with fish sauce, black pepper, shallot and garlic. Turmeric is often added to the broth, giving it a yellowish color.

As with many Vietnamese dishes, mì Quảng is served with fresh herbs (); commonly used herbs include basil, cilantro ( or ), scallions or onion leaves, Vietnamese coriander (), sliced banana flower (bắp chuối bào), and lettuce. A variety of other herbs may also be used in mì quảng, including common knotgrass (), water mint (), perilla (), and heartleaf ().

Mì Quảng is commonly garnished with peanuts and toasted sesame rice crackers called , which sets the dish apart from other noodle dishes. Additional ingredients may include hard-boiled quail eggs, steamed pork sausage (), or shredded pork rinds (). Lime juice and fresh chili peppers are often used as an added seasoning; other seasonings may include soy sauce or chili sauce.

Mì quảng can also be served without broth, as a salad ().

Cultural aspects
There is a Vietnamese saying about this dish:

This couplet describes a girl from Quảng Nam, a province on Vietnam's South Central Coast, who warmly invites her lover to drink a cup of tea and a bowl of mì Quảng, to show him the depth of her love for him.

See also
Vietnamese noodles
Vietnamese cuisine
Cao lau
Rice noodles

Notes

References
 
 
 

Culture in Da Nang
Vietnamese noodle dishes
SVT (band)

SVT was an American power pop/new wave band based in San Francisco in the late 1970s and early 1980s.  Their bassist, Jack Casady, had played in both Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna.  Other members were singer Brian Marnell, drummer Bill Gibson (later of Huey Lewis and the News, replaced by Paul Zahl), and Nick Buck, also a Hot Tuna veteran, on keyboards.

The group is said to have taken its name from the medical condition known as supraventricular tachycardia. Another plausible explanation is that the name was taken from a model of bass guitar amplifier, the Ampeg Super Vacuum Tube.

SVT recorded two singles in 1979, one EP in 1980, and one album, No Regrets, in 1981.  They were one of the first bands ever to record on San Francisco's 415 Records, who released their single, "Heart of Stone", in 1979. The group disbanded in 1982 after both Zahl and Casady left to form Yanks with Jack Johnson and Owen Masterson. Casady later quit Yanks and was replaced by bassist Steve Aliment.  Brian Marnell died in 1983.  Casady's former Jefferson Airplane bandmate Marty Balin covered the song "Heart of Stone" on his album, Lucky in 1983.

Discography
 1979 Single: "New Year" (live) / "Wanna See You Cry" (live)
 1979 Single: "Heart Of Stone" / "The Last Word"

1980 EP: Extended Play (415 Records)

Side one
"Price of Sex" (Brian Marnell) – 2:28
"I Can See" (Nick Buck) – 2:59
"Red Blue Jeans" (Jack Rhodes, Bill Davis) – 2:05
"Always Comes Back" (Marnell) – 3:55

Side two
"I Walk the Line" (Johnny Cash) – 2:13
"Modern Living" (Buck) – 2:56
"Down at the Beach" (Marnell) – 2:43

Personnel
Nick Buck – keyboards, vocals
Brian Marnell – guitar, vocals
Paul Zahl – drums, vocals
Jack Casady – bass

Production
SVT – producer
Stacey Baird – engineer, co-producer
Recorded at Different Fur Recording, San Francisco
Chris Coyle, Steven Countryman – management
Richard Stutting / Artbreakers – album art and design
Chester Simpson – photography

1981 LP: No Regrets (MSI Records)

Side one
All songs by Brian Marnell except where noted
"Bleeding Hearts" – 4:51
"Waiting for You" – 2:53
"Heart of Stone" – 3:00
"No Regrets" (Brian Marnell, Suzie Kobrofsky) – 3:23
"Money Street" – 5:23

Side two
"Love Blind" – 2:52
"North Beach" – 3:07
"What I Don't Like" – 3:20
"Secret" – 2:44
"Too Late" – 5:07
"You Don't Rock" – 4:35

Personnel
Brian Marnell – vocals, guitars
Jack Casady – electric bass, Gibson mandobass, bass balalaika
Paul Zahl – drums, vocals

Production
SVT – arrangements, mixer
Mark Richardson – producer, engineer, mixer
Recorded at Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CA
Eddie Harris, Jaime Bridges, Eddie Ciletti – assistant engineers
Michael Herbick, Steve Toby, Jesse Osborne – tech engineers
Mastered at Master Disc, New York City
Howie Weinberg – mastering engineer
Vincent Anton – photography
Suzanne Phister – album cover design, lettering
Richard Stutting / Artbreakers – SVT logo
The Walking Zombie – gear
Steven Countryman – management

2005 CD: No Regrets - expanded version (Rykodisc)

References

External links
Fan site
SVT Photos

American power pop groups
American new wave musical groups
Rock music groups from California
Musical groups from San Francisco