alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Self-licking ice cream cone

In political jargon, a self-licking ice cream cone is a self-perpetuating system that has no purpose other than to sustain itself. The phrase appeared to have been first used in 1991–1992, in a book about Gulf War weapons systems by Norman Friedman, and On Self-Licking Ice Cream Cones, a paper by Pete Worden about NASA's bureaucracy, to describe the relationship between the Space Shuttle and Space Station.

Since then, the term has been used to describe the purported habit of government-funded organisations and programs spending taxpayer money to lobby for more funding from the taxpayer. Other things compared have included financial bubbles, chatshows and reality television. In The Irish Times, Kevin Courtney observed that "many organisations are also stuck in limbo, destined to keep lurching on without ever achieving their stated goal. That’s because their real goal is simply to carry on regardless." The Cold War infrastructure has also been compared to a self-licking ice cream cone, given that expensive projects continued to be financed long after world communism had ceased to pose a viable threat.

Richard Hoggart used the term to describe certain United Nations programmes.

Franklin C. Spinney used the term to refer to the military–industrial complex.

In sport, the Bowl Alliance was criticised using the term.

See also
 Self-fulfilling prophecy
 Ultimate Machine
 Virtuous circle and vicious circle
 Boondoggle
 Arms race
 Circular reasoning

References

External links
 Double-Tongued Dictionary, "self-licking ice cream cone", accessed April 2010 (containing extensive cites of usage)

Political terminology
List of newspapers in Georgia

List of newspapers in Georgia may refer to:
 List of newspapers in Georgia (country)
 List of newspapers in Georgia (U.S. state)
SK Gas Cup

The SK Gas Cup is a Go competition.

Outline
The SK Gas Cup is sponsored by SK Gas. The participants must be under the age of 25 and under the rank of 5 dan. The komi is 6.5 points. Thinking time is 3 hours. The winner's prize is 10,000,000 Won ($8,500).

Past winners

Previous winners (and defeated finalists):
 12nd 2008 Kim Kiyoung      (d. Park Jung Hwan    2-1)
 11st 2007 Yun Junsang      (d. Heo Yeongho       2-1)
 10th 2006 Baek Hongsuk     (d. Lee Yeongkyu      2-0)
 9th 2005 Kang Dongyun      (d. Ko Geuntae        2-0)
 8th 2004 Park Jungsang       (d. An Younggil       2-1)
 7th 2003 Cho Hanseung      (d. Paek Tae-hyeon    2-0)
 6th 2002 Yi Se-tol         (d. Paek Tae-hyeon    2-0)
 5th 2001 Kang Chi-seong    (d. Paek Tae-hyeon    2-0)
 4th 2000 Yi Sang-hun       (d. Yi Se-tol         2-1)
 3rd 1999 Mok Chin-seok     (d. Weon Seong-chin   2-0)
 2nd 1998 Yi Seong-chae     (d. Mok Chin-seok     1-0)
 1st 1997 An Cho-yeong      (d. Kim Yeong-sam     1-0)
"It is very important for junior players like me to study harder and harder. I am replaying and analyzing pro games daily. I think, it’s more important than playing Go a lot." - said Park Jungsang

References

Go competitions in South Korea
SK Sports
Aomori Akenohoshi Junior College

is a two-year private women's junior college in Aomori, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. The university was established in 1963, and is descended from an art school established in 1937. The school is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church and was established by members of the Canadian Congregation of Sisters of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin.

Prominent students include Mari Motohashi, an Olympic curler.

External links 
 Aomori Akenohoshi Junior College
Aomori Akenohoshi Junior College

Japanese junior colleges
Universities and colleges in Aomori Prefecture
Universities and colleges established in 1937
Private universities and colleges in Japan
Women's universities and colleges in Japan
Catholic universities and colleges in Japan
Aomori (city)
1937 establishments in Japan
Petite size

In fashion and clothing, a petite size is a standard clothing size designed specifically for women 164 cm (5 ft 4 in) and under. This categorization is not solely based on a woman's height, but also takes into account the proportions of her body. Petite sizes cater to body shapes that typically have shorter limb lengths, narrower shoulders, and smaller bust sizes. This standard is predominantly recognized in the U.S., but is also utilized in some other regions around the world.

Many clothing stores, including both specialty boutiques and major retail chains, offer a range of petite sized styles to accommodate the needs of women 164 cm (5 ft 4 in) or shorter. These styles aim to provide a better fit than regular sizes, which are often tailored based on the proportions of taller individuals. Petite clothing may include tops, bottoms, dresses, and outerwear, as well as specialty items like petite activewear and swimwear. Some brands also offer petite plus sizes, catering to women who are both shorter in height and larger in body size.

It's important to note that the standards for petite sizing can vary between different clothing brands. Some may define petite sizes as catering to women 162 cm (5 ft 3 in) and under, while others may extend their petite range up to 167 cm (5 ft 5 in). The measurements for specific sizes, such as a petite small or a petite large, can also differ between brands. Therefore, it's often recommended that individuals check the specific size chart of a brand when shopping for petite clothing.

Frequency

The average height of an American woman is roughly between  and . In the UK and throughout Europe the average height of a woman is around  to .

History

The word 'petite' is derived from the French word 'petit', which translates to 'small' in English.

Petite sizing originated in the 1940s when US fashion designer Hannah Troy noticed that many women did not fit into standard size clothing. She studied the measurements of women who had completed military service during World War II and found that only 8% fit the proportions of standard sizing, with most women being 'short in the waist'. She developed a clothing range called 'Troyfigure', which was based on a 'junior' fit but with a more mature style. This range became very popular and is considered the beginning of petite fashion. The word 'petite' was chosen by Troy because it "just had a nice ring to it"

See also

 Children's clothing
 Clothing sizes
 US standard clothing size
 EN 13402

References

 NHANES survey
 CDC Anthropometric Reference Data for Children and Adults: U.S. Population, 1999–2002 - Page 20, Table 19.

Sizes in clothing
Fashion design
Briercrest Christian Academy

Briercrest Christian Academy, formerly Caronport High School, is a private Christian high school located in Caronport, Saskatchewan. The school includes a student residence program and extracurricular activities such as sports, drama, art and music.  It is operated by Briercrest College and Seminary. It was founded in 1946, 11 years after the formation of the college and seminary.

References

External links
Caronport High School

Nondenominational Christian schools in Canada
High schools in Saskatchewan
Educational institutions established in 1946
1946 establishments in Saskatchewan
Mie Hama

is a former Japanese actress, television presenter, radio presenter, and author best known for playing Fumiko Sakurai in the 1962 Godzilla film, King Kong vs. Godzilla, Kissy Suzuki in the 1967 James Bond film, You Only Live Twice, and Madame Piranha in the 1967 King Kong film, King Kong Escapes.

Career
Hama was working as a bus conductor when she was spotted by producer Tomoyuki Tanaka. She went on to become one of the most in-demand actresses in Japan. Notable appearances included the 1965 spy comedy Kokusai himitsu keisatsu: Kagi no kagi, which was the source for the Woody Allen film What's Up, Tiger Lily? and Toho Studio's monster and fantasy movies such as King Kong vs. Godzilla (1962), The Lost World of Sinbad (1963) and King Kong Escapes (1967). By the time she starred in You Only Live Twice, she had made more than 60 movies.

Hama was originally cast to play the character Aki (who was originally named Suki) and her co-star Akiko Wakabayashi was cast to play Kissy Suzuki. The two actresses were sent to London for three months, to be tutored in English, although in the end, Hama was dubbed by Nikki van der Zyl. She is dedicated to supporting Japan's natural wonders and preserving the environment. She also owns and rents out a traditional house near Mt. Fuji called "Hakone-Yamaboushi" that is built from various abandoned houses.  

She said in a 2017 New York Times article that she gave up acting because she wanted a normal life, a life that includes authoring 14 books, becoming a television and radio host, connoisseur of folk art and advocating the preservation of old farms and farming techniques, and not losing the authentic Japan for economic development, as well as marrying a TV executive and raising their four children.

Personal life
In 1969, she was married to  (1939–2018), a television executive producer of Fuji TV, with whom she has four children.

Partial filmography
 King Kong vs. Godzilla (1962) as Fumiko Sakarai
 The Lost World of Sinbad (1963) as Princess Yaya
 Attack Squadron! (1963) 
 Yearning (1964) as Ruriko
The World's Most Beautiful Swindlers (1964) (the Tokyo segment)
 Kokusai himitsu keisatsu: Kagi no kagi (1965) as Miichin
Ironfinger (1965) as Yumi Sawada
 You Only Live Twice (1967) as Kissy Suzuki
 King Kong Escapes (1967) as Madame Piranha
 Edo no Kaze (1975) - Oyou

References

Sources

External links
  official website

1943 births
Living people
Japanese film actresses
Actresses from Tokyo
20th-century Japanese actresses
Seaholm High School

Ernest W. Seaholm High School (simply referred to as Seaholm High School) is a Magnet high school in Birmingham, Michigan, United States. It was established in 1951 and is part of the Birmingham Public Schools district.

History

Seaholm opened in 1951 under the name Birmingham High. At the time, the Board of Education President was Ernest W. Seaholm (retired Chief Engineer for Cadillac) and the treasurer was Wylie E. Groves. Birmingham's two high schools are now named for them: Seaholm High School and Groves High School. Birmingham High School's first principal was Ross Wagner. John Schulz served as the next principal (1968–1979), Jim Wallendorf followed, serving from 1979 to 1992.

At one time Seaholm High School hosted classes of grades 4 through 12 of the Japanese School of Detroit, a supplementary Japanese school. In 2010, the JSD announced that it was relocating to Novi, Michigan; it moved in mid-2011.

Programs
The Forensics Team has consistently enjoyed success at the state-finalist level. Quiz Bowl team has also had success, winning a national championship in 1991 at the American Scholastics Competition Network Tournament of Champions and a state championship in 1994.

The student newspaper, the Seaholm Highlander, has won multiple prestigious Spartan Awards from the Michigan Interscholastic Press Association.

The Flexible Scheduling Program, which involved a seven teacher team that created a series of interdisciplinary social studies/humanities courses with flexible schedules, began in the 1960s. They may be taken in lieu of standard English and social studies classes. Students are permitted to teach courses themselves. According to the Christian Science Monitor, the reduction in bureaucracy, interaction and collaboration between teachers, the interdisciplinary nature, and flexible time schedules made the program attractive.

Notable alumni
 Tim Allen, actor and comedian
 Paris Bass, pro basketball player
 Jim Benton, illustrator and writer
 Mike Binder, film director, screenwriter, producer, and actor
 Randal Bryant, computer scientist and academic
 Charlie Burg, singer-songwriter
 John N. Damoose, politician and former documentary producer
 Daniel L. Doctoroff, businessman and former government official
 Patrick Grant, composer
 Troy Hairston, fullback for the Houston Texans
 Jordan Harbinger, radio personality, podcaster, voice actor, journalist, lawyer and businessman
 Beth Hayes (1955–1984), economist
 Laura Innes, actress and television director
 Mat Ishbia, owner of the Phoenix Suns
 Haley Kopmeyer, professional soccer player
 Christine Lahti, actress and filmmaker
 Mari Manoogian, politician
 Joey Pecoraro, grammy nominated musician and record producer
 Haley Stevens, politician
 Paul Stookey, singer-songwriter

See also
International Academy

References

External links

 
 The Flex Program

High schools in Oakland County, Michigan
Public high schools in Michigan
Educational institutions established in 1951
1951 establishments in Michigan
Lars Jonsson

Lars Jonsson or Jönsson may refer to:

Lars Jonsson (illustrator) (born 1952), ornithological illustrator
Lars Jonsson (ice hockey) (born 1982), Swedish ice hockey player
Lars Theodor Jonsson (1903–1998), Swedish cross country skier
Lars Jönsson (tennis) (born 1970), Swedish tennis player
Lars Jönsson (film producer), Swedish film producer
Fort Totten (Washington, D.C.)

Fort Totten is a neighborhood located in Ward 5 of Northeast Washington, D.C.

Fort Totten is located between Riggs Road N.E. to the north, Bates Rd N.E., Allison Street N.E., and the southern end of Fort Totten Park to the south, the Washington Metro Red Line tracks to the east, and North Capitol Street NW to the west.

The Washington Metro's Green Line tracks also go through the Fort Totten neighborhood through a tunnel that goes through Fort Totten Park when traveling between the Fort Totten and Georgia Avenue-Petworth Metro Stations. Fort Totten borders the adjacent neighborhood of Riggs Park in Ward 4 of Northeast Washington D.C., Queens Chapel and Michigan Park in Ward 5 of Northeast Washington D.C., Brightwood Park and Petworth in Ward 4 of Northwest Washington D.C.

Fort Totten is close to the Catholic University of America, Providence Hospital, Armed Forces Retirement Home, Rock Creek Cemetery, President Lincoln's Cottage, and Soldiers' Home Cemetery. The Fort Totten neighborhood of Washington, D.C. is named after a Civil War-era fort built by General Joseph Gilbert Totten, the Chief Engineer of the antebellum United States Army.

Residents of Fort Totten not only have access to Fort Totten Park, but also to the Washington Metropolitan Branch Trail which runs all the way from the Silver Spring Metro Station to Washington Union Station in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Residents who live in the Fort Totten neighborhood have access to the Fort Totten Metro Station, which has primarily been served by the Red Line since the station first opened on February 6, 1978, as well as the Green Line which has been serving the station since December 11, 1993, and the Yellow Line, which has been serving the station since May, 2006. In addition to these Metrorail Lines, residents of Fort Totten are also served by many Metrobus routes as well.

Civil War Fort

The neighborhood takes its name from the Civil War fort located at the top of the hill. It was built in 1861 and completed in 1863 to provide protection to the capital during the civil war. The fort is named for Joseph Gilbert Totten, a general in the War of 1812.

The earthworks of the main fort are still clearly visible today, including the surrounding ditch, ramparts, and the walls of the two magazines within the fort. The smaller Totten Battery, which lies 1000 feet to the north, and the connecting rifle trenches can be easily seen as well. The modern-day park is home to a number of picnic benches as well as a Civil War centennial plaque marking the main entrance to the remains of the fort.

References

 
Neighborhoods in Northeast (Washington, D.C.)
Totten
Totten
Totten
1861 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Coroplast

Coroplast is a brand name of corrugated plastic and a registered trademark of Coroplast, LLC, a member of the Inteplast Group of companies.  Because of the success of this brand, it has become a generically used tradename and many people in North America today refer to all corrugated plastic as "coroplast". Coroplast is produced with Cartonplast technology developed by Covema in 1974. A similar product is marketed in Australia under the brand name Corflute.

Coroplast operates plants in Granby, Quebec; Dallas, Texas; and Vanceburg, Kentucky. On August 15, 2014, Inteplast Group, the company's major competitor, acquired majority of its assets with an undisclosed amount.

Coroplast, also called pp plate sheet ("Fluted Polypropylene Sheet"), is lightweight (hollow structure), non-toxic, waterproof, shockproof, long-lasting material that resists corrosion.  Compared with cardboard, Coroplast has the advantages of being waterproof and colorfast. 
 
The Coroplast composition can be altered to add anti-static properties using the masterbatch technique. This particular masterbatch produces a conductive, anti-static plastic hollow board sheet. (Conductive plate surface resistivity can be controlled between 103 ≈105; anti-static sheet surface resistivity can be controlled between 106 ≈1011.)

As with all corrugated plastic, it is widely used for signage, plastic containers, and reusable packaging. It is also used by hobbyists in do it yourself projects such as constructing cages for small animals or model aircraft.

Modifying Coroplast sheets
All Coroplast twin-wall profile sheets can be modified with additives, which are melt-blended into the sheet to meet the specific needs of the customer. Special products that require additives include: UV protection, anti-static, flame retardant, and custom colors.

See also
 Cartonplast

References

External links
 Coroplast.com

Plastic brands
Brand name materials
Masahiko Harada

(born 9 May 1968) is a Japanese former ski jumper. He is best remembered for a meltdown at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, which cost the Japanese national team a victory, and his subsequent redemption at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano; the latter of which led to him being affectionately called "Happy Harada".

Career
At the 1994 games, the Japanese team had a nearly insurmountable lead heading into the last jump of the large hill. Harada, the team's anchor, had jumped 122 meters in his previous attempt and needed only 105 meters in his final jump to clinch the gold for Japan. His jump was just shy of 97,5 meters and dropped Japan to second, with the gold going to the German team.

Four years later Harada would again have his chance to contribute a gold for his team, this time in his home country. His first jump of 79.5 meters knocked his team from first to fourth and brought back memories of Lillehammer. Then, on his second attempt he delivered an Olympic-record tying 137 meter jump. His teammate Kazuyoshi Funaki would then close out the event with a 125 meter jump, clinching the first Olympic ski jumping team gold medal for Japan.  

Along with the team gold, Harada also captured bronze in Nagano in the individual large hill after a 136 meter final jump that pushed up him from sixth to third.

Harada has competed in five of the Olympic Games. In addition to the Lillehammer and Nagano games, he competed in Albertville in 1992, Salt Lake City in 2002 and Turin in 2006.

He is a two-time FIS Nordic World Ski Championships winner (1993: individual normal hill, 1997: individual large hill), and also won three silvers (1997: Individual normal hill, 1997, 1999: Team large hill) and one bronze (1999: Individual normal hill) as well.

Olympic normal hill individual competition in Pragelato on 11 February 2006 was the last highly ranked official event where he participated - who won 2 Olympic medals in Nagano and 1 in Lillehammer - and it was after over 3 years break from participating in Ski jumping World Cup. Unfortunately for him, he was disqualified in the qualifying and did not compete in the final. Later he started only in FIS Cup event in Sapporo.

On July 12, 2006, Harada was appointed Ambassador to the 2007 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Sapporo, Japan by the organizing committee. The 2007 Championships ran February 22-March 4, 2007.

World Cup

Standings

Wins

References

External links

FIS Announcement on Ambassador Appointment
2007 Nordic World Skiing Championship announcement

1968 births
Ski jumpers at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Japanese male ski jumpers
Living people
Olympic ski jumpers for Japan
Skiers from Hokkaido
Olympic silver medalists for Japan
Olympic gold medalists for Japan
Olympic bronze medalists for Japan
Olympic medalists in ski jumping
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in ski jumping
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 2003 Asian Winter Games
Mission 3:16

Mission 3:16 is an album by Carman. Released in 1998 on Sparrow Records, the album peaked at number 94 on the Billboard 200 chart.
The album was nominated for a 1999 Grammy Award in the Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album category.

Track listing 
 All Songs Written By Carman, except where noted.
 "Mission 3:16" - 4:11
 "People of God" - 4:09
 "Legendary Mission" - 1:42
 "Never Be" - 3:36
 "Jesus is the Lamb" - 5:11
 "Post Lamb Jam" - 0:05
 "The Courtroom" - 6:47 (Carman, Carl Marsh)
 "Surf Mission" - 1:14
 "Do I Do" - 2:55
 "We Are Not Ashamed" - 4:21
 "The Prayer Anthem" - 3:30
 "Missione D'Italiano" - 1:00
 "Slam" - 4:05
 "All In Life" - 3:14
 "Kingdom Suite" - 1:21

Personnel 
 Andrea Baca, Lisa Bevill, Lisa Bragg, Lisa Cochran, Todd Cooper, John Hartman, Phil Keaggy, Bonnie Keen, Danielle Kimmey, Tony Orlando, Out of Eden, Joey Richey, Calvin Smith, Kristine & William Stroupe, Russ Taff, Tina Vallejo, Aimee Joy Weimer, Lori Wilshire: backing vocals; arranged by Andrea Baca, Lisa Bragg, Danielle Kimmey & Out of Eden
 Chris Willis, Chris & Matthew White, Emily Webb, Roz Clark Thompson, Kelly Stewart, Traci Sterling, Nicol Sponberg, Lauren Smyth, Kristen Pope, George Pendergrass, Tiffany Palmer, Gene Miller, Ashley Melling, Michael Mellett, Cory Hutchinson, Brittany Hargest, Tabitha Fair, Tim Davis, Stacy Campbell, Evan Broder: choir & chorus; arranged by Dan Cleary
 Jim Butler: rap & backing vocals
 Jonathan Carrey, Matthew Porter: rap
 Micah Wilshire: guitars, backing vocals
 Dave Perkins: guitars & synthesizers
 Kenny Vaughan, Brent Rowan, Jerry McPherson, Tom Hemby, George Cocchini, Mark Baldwin: guitars
 Bruce Bouton: steel guitar
 Tim Akers: keyboards
 Byron Hagen: Hammond organ
 Phil Madeira: Keyboards & Farfisa organ
 Bo Cooper: piano, backing vocals
 Michael Bragg, Danny Duncan, Carl Marsh, Tony Miracle, Tommy Sims, Brian Tankersley: programming
 Byron House: bass
 Michael Clarke, Dan Needham, Scott Williamson: drums
 Eric Darken: percussion
 John Mock: Bodhran & tin whistle
 Joey Miskulin: accordion
 Jeff Bailey, Alan Brown, Barry Green, Mike Haynes, Sam Levine, Chris McDonald, Steve Patrick, Calvin Smith: horns; arranged by Steve Patrick & Carl Marsh
 Strings & orchestra arranged by Tom Howard

References 

Carman (singer) albums
1998 albums
Cobalt 60 (band)

Cobalt 60 was an electro-industrial/EBM group featuring Jean-Luc de Meyer and Dominique Lallement. Cobalt 60 has also done music for the PC game Wing Commander: Prophecy (Wing Commander V).

Discography

Studio albums 
 Elemental (1996)
 Twelve (1998)

Singles 
 "Crush" (1996)
 "Born Again" (The Cubanate Remixes) (1996)
 "Prophecy – Wing Commander V : Prophecy Theme Single" (1997)
 "Prophecy – The Clubmixes" (1997)
 "It" (1998)
 "If I Was" (1999)

External links

References 

Electro-industrial music groups
Electronic body music groups
Drangiana

Drangiana or Zarangiana (, Drangianē;  also attested in Old Western Iranian as 𐏀𐎼𐎣, Zraka or Zranka, was a historical region and administrative division of the Achaemenid Empire. This region comprises territory around Hamun Lake, wetlands in endorheic Sistan Basin on the Iran-Afghan border, and its primary watershed Helmand river in what is nowadays southwestern region of Afghanistan.

History
In ancient times Drangiana was inhabited by an Iranian tribe which the ancient Greeks called Sarangians or Drangians. Drangiana was possibly subdued by another Iranian people, the Medes, and later, certainly, by the expanding Persian Achaemenid Empire of Cyrus the Great (559-530 BC). According to Herodotus, during the reign of Darius I (522-486 BC), the Drangians were placed in the same district as the Utians, Thamanaeans, Mycians, and those deported to the Persian Gulf. The capital of Drangiana, called Zarin or Zranka (like the Province), is identified with great probability with the extensive Achaemenid site of Dahan-e Gholaman southeast of Zabol in Iran.  Another significant center was the city of Prophthasia, possibly located at modern Farah in Afghanistan.  On occasion Drangiana was governed by the same satrap as neighboring Arachosia.  In 330-329 BC, the region was conquered by Alexander the Great. Drangiana continued to constitute an administrative district under Alexander and his successors.  At Alexander's death in 323 BC, it was governed by Stasanor of Soloi, and later, in 321 BC, it was allotted to another Cypriot, Stasandros.  By the end of the 4th century BC, Drangiana was part of the Seleucid Empire, but in the second half of the 3rd century BC it was at least temporarily annexed by Euthydemos I of Bactria.  In 206-205 BC Antiochos III (222-187 BC) seems to have recovered Drangiana for the Seleucids during his Anabasis. The history of Drangiana during the weakening of Seleucid rule is unclear, but by the mid-2nd century BC the area was conquered by the expanding Parthian Empire of the Arsacids.

Notes

References

 
 G. Gnoli, "Dahan-e Ḡolāmān," Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. 6 (1993) 582-585.
 Drangiana by Jona Lendering 
 R. Schmitt, "Drangiana," Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. 7 (1995) 534-537.

Achaemenid satrapies
Historical Iranian peoples
History of Zoroastrianism
Nomadic groups in Eurasia
Ancient Greek geography
Geographic history of Afghanistan
Charlotte Arnold

Charlotte Arnold (born July 27, 1989) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her roles as Sadie Hawthorne in Naturally, Sadie and Holly J. Sinclair in Degrassi: The Next Generation, for which she won a Gemini Award for Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series in 2010.

Early life 
Charlotte Arnold was born July 27, 1989, in Ajax. As of November 2008, Arnold was attending Ryerson University, majoring in broadcast journalism.

Career 
Her first acting role was Kate O'Neil in the made-for-TV movie Giant Mine. Then after a few minor roles, she had a role in the movie Custody of the Heart for which she was nominated for the 2001 Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Movie (Comedy or Drama) for a Young Actress Age Ten or Under. In 2001, she lent her voice to the television series Committed. Over the next few years, she had roles in a few more made-for-TV movies, such as Harlan County War, One Kill, Range of Motion, and Jewel.

Arnold's career expanded in the mid-2000s. Beginning in 2005 , she starred for three seasons as the title character of the popular Family channel series Naturally, Sadie until 2007. From 2008 until 2013, she played Holly J. Sinclair on Degrassi.

In 2010, she won a Gemini Award for Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series, in a season 9 episode of Degrassi.

Filmography

Awards and nominations
Young Artist Awards
2001 – Best Performance in a TV Movie (Comedy or Drama): Young Actress Age Ten or Under for Custody of the Heart (Nominated)

Gemini Awards
 2010 – Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series: Degrassi: The Next Generation (Won)

References

External links 

1989 births
20th-century Canadian actresses
21st-century Canadian actresses
Actresses from Toronto
Canadian child actresses
Canadian film actresses
Canadian television actresses
Canadian voice actresses
Living people
Aomori Curling Club

The Aomori Curling Club is a curling club in Aomori, Japan. It is best known as being the home of , a women's curling team that won six Japanese Curling Championships (2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010) and represented Japan at four World Curling Championships (2005, 2007, 2008 & 2010) and at two Winter Olympics (2006 & 2010).

Sports clubs and teams in Aomori (city)
Curling in Japan
Curling clubs
Man and the Moon

"Man and the Moon" is an episode of Disneyland, which originally aired on December 28, 1955. It was directed by Disney animator Ward Kimball.

The show begins with a humorous look with a man's fascination with the Moon through animation. This segment features characteristics of the Moon depicted from William Shakespeare and children's nursery rhymes to lunar superstitions and scientific research. Then Kimball comes on with some information on the Moon, supplemented by graphics. Kimball then introduces Dr. Wernher von Braun, who discusses plans for a trip around the Moon. Dr. Wernher von Braun was employed as a technical consultant on this film by Walt Disney, and on a number of other Disney films. He had a great knowledge of rockets, as he had helped to develop the V-2 rocket while working for Nazi Germany.

Finally, a live action simulation from inside and outside the crewed ship Lunar Recon Ship RM-1 dramatizes what such an expedition might be like, including an almost-disastrous hit by a very small meteor. Towards the end, this film presents what seems to be a bit of "sci-fi"; as the RM-1, crossing the Moon's night side, approaches the night/day terminator, high radiation is suddenly detected, and a flare fired over the area reveals what looks like a rectangular double wall, or the ruins thereof, extending out from a crater; strangely, none of the crew remark on it, and the unusual radiation is never mentioned again.  This episode later reaired in 1959 under a new title: "Tomorrow the Moon".

This episode was preceded by "Man in Space" and followed by "Mars and Beyond". It was repeated on June 13, 1956, and September 25, 1959.

Home media
The episode was released on May 18, 2004, on Walt Disney Treasures: Tomorrow Land.

See also
 "Man Will Conquer Space Soon!"
 "Our Friend the Atom"

References

External links
 
 

Walt Disney anthology television series episodes
1955 American television episodes
Works about the Moon
Spaceflight
Space advocacy
Television episodes directed by Ward Kimball
Wernher von Braun
Works about astronauts
Binary moment diagram

A binary moment diagram (BMD) is a generalization of the binary decision diagram (BDD) to linear functions over domains such as booleans (like BDDs), but also to integers or to real numbers.

They can deal with Boolean functions with complexity comparable to BDDs, but also some functions that are dealt with very inefficiently in a BDD are handled easily by BMD, most notably multiplication.

The most important properties of BMD is that, like with BDDs, each function has exactly one canonical representation, and many operations can be efficiently performed on these representations.

The main features that differentiate BMDs from BDDs are using linear instead of pointwise diagrams, and having weighted edges.

The rules that ensure the canonicity of the representation are:
 Decision over variables higher in the ordering may only point to decisions over variables lower in the ordering.
 No two nodes may be identical (in normalization such nodes all references to one of these nodes should be replaced be references to another)
 No node may have all decision parts equivalent to 0 (links to such nodes should be replaced by links to their always part)
 No edge may have weight zero (all such edges should be replaced by direct links to 0)
 Weights of the edges should be coprime. Without this rule or some equivalent of it, it would be possible for a function to have many representations, for example 2x + 2 could be represented as 2 · (1 + x) or 1 · (2 + 2x).

Pointwise and linear decomposition 

In pointwise decomposition, like in BDDs, on each branch point we store result of all branches separately.  An example of such decomposition for an integer function (2x + y) is:

In linear decomposition we provide instead a default value and a difference:

It can easily be seen that the latter (linear) representation is much more efficient in case of additive functions, as when we add many elements the latter representation will have only O(n) elements, while the former (pointwise), even with sharing, exponentially many.

Edge weights 

Another extension is using weights for edges. A value of function at given node is a sum of the true nodes below it (the node under always, and possibly the decided node) times the edges' weights.

For example,  can be represented as:
 Result node, always 1× value of node 2, if  add 4× value of node 4
 Always 1× value of node 3, if  add 2× value of node 4
 Always 0, if  add 1× value of node 4
 Always 1× value of node 5, if  add +4
 Always 1× value of node 6, if  add +2
 Always 0, if  add +1

Without weighted nodes a much more complex representation would be required:
 Result node, always value of node 2, if  value of node 4
 Always value of node 3, if  value of node 7
 Always 0, if  value of node 10
 Always value of node 5, if  add +16
 Always value of node 6, if  add +8
 Always 0, if  add +4
 Always value of node 8, if  add +8
 Always value of node 9, if  add +4
 Always 0, if  add +2
 Always value of node 11, if  add +4
 Always value of node 12, if  add +2
 Always 0, if  add +1

References

Graph data structures
Formal methods
The Last Few Bricks

"The Last Few Bricks" is an instrumental bridge/medley used by Pink Floyd and Roger Waters at The Wall live shows, between "Another Brick in the Wall (Part III)" and "Goodbye Cruel World".

Composition
It was composed specifically for the purpose of allowing the bricklayer roadies more time to finish constructing the wall, to seal off the stage almost completely, before Waters appeared in the last one-brick-wide space in the wall to sing "Goodbye Cruel World", and end the first part of the show.

The piece doesn't have a strict composition, varying from venue to venue, but it usually contained themes from "The Happiest Days of Our Lives", "Don't Leave Me Now",  "Young Lust", "Empty Spaces", and occasionally, when the bricklayers were running especially late, a jam (in the jazzier style of the earlier, improv-oriented Floyd) similar to "Any Colour You Like" (D minor to G major), was played. The themes from "Don't Leave Me Now" and "Young Lust" were transposed down a whole step, so, like much of the album, "The Last Few Bricks" is in D minor—which leads to a "brightening" effect, when "Goodbye Cruel World" begins in the parallel key of D major.

Title
The instrumental bridge debuted with The Wall Tour (1980–81), but was given no official name at the time. Fans called the track Almost Gone on some bootleg albums of the shows.

The album of the 1990 Berlin performance was the first official release of the bridge. However, it was not marked as a separate track, and instead was simply included as an extended part of the Another Brick in the Wall (Part III) track.

Roger Waters had long resisted requests to release the recordings of the 1980-81 Wall performances, but changed his mind to allow a twentieth-anniversary live album release in 2000. During the mixing and editing of this album, producer James Guthrie suggested the title "The Last Few Bricks" for the bridge. Waters liked the title, and it was used for the Is There Anybody Out There? live album and all subsequent releases (e.g. the album of Waters' own live performances, Roger Waters: The Wall).

Performance
The longest performance of this medley was on 7 February 1980 at Los Angeles Sports Arena when "Another Brick in the Wall (Part III)" was stretched to over 13 minutes.

References 

Pink Floyd songs
Rock instrumentals
British hard rock songs
1980 songs
Songs written by David Gilmour
Songs written by Roger Waters
The Wall (rock opera)
Song recordings produced by David Gilmour
Song recordings produced by Roger Waters
The Comeback (EP)

The Comeback EP is an EP by the Canadian indie rock band Stars, released in 2001 on Le Grand Magistery Records.

Track listing

References

2001 EPs
Stars (Canadian band) albums
Umbra (typeface)

Umbra is a sans-serif display typeface designed in 1935 by R. Hunter Middleton for the Ludlow Typograph company.  It is an adaptation of the uppercase light weight of his earlier typeface Tempo. The name Umbra refers to its shadow effect, in which the actual letter shape consists of negative space and is defined solely by its black dimensional shadow. Several other typefaces were created in similar style around the same time, including shadowed weights of Gill Sans. Nebiolo's Ombra, part of their Semplicità family, is very similar.

Umbra has been digitised.

References

Display typefaces
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1935
Letterpress typefaces
Typefaces designed by R. Hunter Middleton
Geometric sans-serif typefaces
The Plausible Impossible

"The Plausible Impossible" is an episode of the Disneyland television program, originally broadcast on October 31, 1956.

Walt Disney explains how drawings and animation make things that are impossible seem plausible, as evidenced in ancient history (i.e., Egyptian gods, dragons, and various creatures from Greek mythology) and various cartoons with Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck. This episode also includes an unfinished form of one scene from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) that ultimately ended up on the cutting room floor and was not used in the final film. This episode culminates with the "Night on Bald Mountain" segment of Fantasia (1940). 

The episode features the cartoons Donald's Cousin Gus and Thru the Mirror.

Home media
The short was released on December 3, 2002, on Walt Disney Treasures: Behind the Scenes at the Walt Disney Studio.

References

External links
 
 

Walt Disney anthology television series episodes
1956 American television episodes
History of animation
Tilbury Town railway station

Tilbury Town railway station is on a loop line of the London, Tilbury and Southend line, serving the town of Tilbury, Essex. It is  down the line from London Fenchurch Street via  and it is situated between  and . Its three-letter station code is TIL.

The station was opened on 15 June 1885 with the name Tilbury Dock by the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway. It was renamed Tilbury Town on 3 August 1934. It is on a link known as the Tilbury Loop, which joins the main line at the London end at  and at the country end at . A bus link is provided for the Gravesend ferry, replacing the rail link to  which was closed in 1992.

Today, the station and all trains serving it are operated by c2c.

Services 

The typical off-peak service consists of:
2 trains per hour (tph) to London Fenchurch Street via ;
2 tph to Southend Central.

In popular culture 
The station plays two roles in the 2009 film Fish Tank – it appears in the film, and the star, Katie Jarvis, was recruited after a scout saw her arguing with her boyfriend at Tilbury Town station.

The station and its environs in the Victorian era are also mentioned briefly in Robert Roberts' 1895 book Diary of a Voyage to Australia, New Zealand, and Other Lands, written a mere 10 years after the station opened. 

The station appears in the 2016 film, Grimsby where it was temporarily rebranded from "Tilbury Town" to "Grimsby Town" to match the setting where the main characters grew up.

References

External links 

Transport in Thurrock
Railway stations in Essex
DfT Category D stations
Former London, Tilbury and Southend Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1885
Railway stations served by c2c
Railway stations serving harbours and ports in the United Kingdom
Tilbury
El Gouna

( , "the Lagoon") is an Egyptian tourist city created in 1990, and is owned and developed by Samih Sawiris' Orascom Development,. It is located on the Red Sea in the Red Sea Governorate of Egypt,  north of Hurghada. It is part of the Red Sea Riviera, and a host city of the El Gouna Film Festival.

El Gouna has 10 kilometers of coastline and consists of 20 islands surrounded by lagoons. The town is 25 kilometers away from the Hurghada International Airport.

El Gouna buildings were designed by European and American architects to resemble traditional rural Egyptian architecture such as that found in the Egyptian Countryside and in Nubian villages. El Gouna specializes in water-sports. There are several beaches: including Zeytuna Beach () located on its own island, Mangroovy Beach, Moods Beach and other hotel beaches. 

There are three main areas in El Gouna, Downtown, Tamr Henna Square () and the Abu Tig Marina ().

It also has El Gouna Mosque and a Coptic Orthodox Church; the Church of St. Mary and the Archangels.

In 2017 an annual film festival was established, the El Gouna Film Festival. Founded by telecom billionaire Naguib Sawiris, El Gouna Film Festival was previously attended by globally prominent celebrities including Grey's Anatomy's Patrick Dempsey, Rambo's Sylvester Stallone and Midnight in Paris' Owen Wilson.

Climate
The weather in El Gouna is sunny all year long. Temperatures range between  and . Humidity is 22% on average.
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh).

See also
 Hurghada
 Red Sea Riviera
 Marsa Alam
 Sahl Hasheesh
 List of cities and towns in Egypt

References

External links

 Official website

Hotels in Egypt
Hurghada
Seaside resorts in Egypt
Tourism in Egypt
Architecture in Egypt
Red Sea Riviera
Underwater diving sites in Egypt
Underwater diving resorts
KHTS

KHTS may refer to:

 KHTS (AM), a radio station (1220 AM) licensed to Canyon Country, California, United States
 KHTS-FM, a radio station (93.3 FM) licensed to El Cajon, California, United States
 the ICAO code for Tri-State Airport
Governor of Jalisco

The following is a list of governors of the Mexican state of Jalisco from 1821. The current Constitution indicates a term of six years in length, which cannot be renewed under any circumstances. It also stipulates the qualifications for becoming governor: a Mexican citizen by birth, at least 30 years of age, and a resident of Jalisco for at least five years prior to election. Elections are held concurrently with presidential elections.

List of governors

Rulers of the Province of Nueva Galicia during Independent Mexico (1821–1823)

Rulers of the State of Jalisco during Independent Mexico (1823–1836)

Governors of Jalisco, Centralism and Federalism (1836–1857)

Rulers of Jalisco during the Reform and the Second Empire, until the Restored Republic (1857–1867)

Governors of Jalisco since the Restored Republic until 1877 (1867–1877)

Governors of the State of Jalisco during the Porfiriato (1877–1911)

Governors of the State of Jalisco during the Mexican Revolution (1911–1920)

Governors of the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco (1920-until the present)

See also
 List of Mexican state governors

References

Jalisco
A Day in the Life of Donald Duck

"A Day in the Life of Donald Duck" is a 1956 episode of the Disneyland TV show. As the name of the episode implies, viewers experience Donald Duck himself as he struggles through a typical day at the Walt Disney Studios. In the process, he meets up with Jimmie Dodd, Roy Williams, the Mouseketeers and even his own voice, Clarence Nash. This episode introduces a song about Donald, "Quack, Quack, Quack, Donald Duck."

Home media
The film was released on December 6, 2005, on Walt Disney Treasures: The Chronological Donald, Volume Two: 1942-1946.

References

External links
 
 TV.com

1956 American television episodes
Walt Disney anthology television series episodes
Donald Duck
Trust (1990 film)

Trust is a 1990 American romantic black comedy film written and directed by Hal Hartley and starring Adrienne Shelly and Martin Donovan. Two young misfits, both in emotional shock, meet in a Long Island town and through trials develop a platonic relationship based on mutual admiration, respect and trust.

Plot
Concerns the platonic romance between two young misfits wandering the same Long Island town. 

When naïve and unbookish Maria announces to her family that she has dropped out of high school because of an unplanned pregnancy, her father dies of heart failure, her mother kicks her out of her home, and her boyfriend breaks up with her. 

Lonely and with nowhere to go, Maria wanders her town in search of a place to stay. Along the way, she meets Matthew, a highly intelligent and extremely moody electronics repairman who keeps losing jobs through his inability to accept the views of employers and customers. They begin an unusual platonic romance built on their mutual admiration, respect and trust, but Matthew's father and Maria's mother both try to destroy the innocent relationship.

Cast
 Adrienne Shelly as Maria Coughlin
 Martin Donovan as Matthew Slaughter
 Merritt Nelson as Jean Coughlin
 John MacKay as Jim Slaughter
 Edie Falco as Peg Coughlin
 Karen Sillas as Nurse Paine

Release
The film premiered at the Toronto Festival of Festivals on September 9, 1990 and was released in theatres on July 26, 1991.

Reception

References

External links
 Trust at Halhartley.com
 
 

1990 films
American independent films
1990 romantic comedy films
Films directed by Hal Hartley
Films shot in New York (state)
American romantic comedy films
Republic Pictures films
1990 independent films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
Sundance Film Festival award-winning films
CJYM

CJYM (1330 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits format. Licensed to Rosetown, Saskatchewan, Canada, it serves west central Saskatchewan.

History
It first began broadcasting in 1966 under the call letters CKKR. CJYM is a Class B AM station which broadcasts with a power of 10,000 watts daytime and nighttime. CJYM is the only full-power station in Canada which broadcasts on 1330 kHz.

The station celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2006 with a large party at the Rosetown park. The station is currently owned by Golden West Broadcasting.

See also
CFYM

External links
 CJYM 1330
 
CFYM AM history - Canadian Communications Foundation (also includes CJYM)

Rosetown
Jym
Jym
Jym
Radio stations established in 1966
1966 establishments in Saskatchewan
Marc Seriff

Marc S. Seriff (born May 5, 1948 in Austin, Texas) is best known as the CTO and co-founder of America Online, along with Jim Kimsey (CEO), Steve Case, and William von Meister (as Control Video Corporation).

Biography
Seriff received his B.S. in Mathematics and Computer Science from the University of Texas at Austin in 1971 and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1974.

In 1974 he was one of the first dozen people at Telenet Communications. He later served as an executive of several audio and data communications companies, including GTE Corporation, Venture Technology, Digital Music, Inc., and Control Video Corporation. In 1985, he co-founded Quantum Computer Services (later known as America Online), where he served as a Senior Vice President until 1996.

From August 1997 to May 1998 he was a director of InteliHome, which merged with Global Converging Technologies. From January to June 1998 he was CEO of Eos Management, LLC. He also served as a director of U.S. Online Communications.

In a 2007 interview, Seriff cited two people who influenced him at a young age: J.C.R. Licklider, one of his professors in graduate school at MIT, and Larry Roberts, whom he met and worked for at Telenet.

References

1948 births
Living people
AOL people
Businesspeople from Austin, Texas
University of Texas at Austin alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
American chief executives
American chief technology officers

20th-century American businesspeople
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Lawrence Shulman

Lawrence Shulman (born May 17, 1937) is the former Dean of the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York.
His scholarship covers these subfields of social work: group work, supervision, child welfare, and teaching. Among his books are:
The Skills of Helping: Individuals, Families, Groups and Communities,
Interactional Supervision; and Mutual Aid Groups Vulnerable and Resilient Populations, and
The Life Cycle.

External links
School of Social Work.
The Skills of Helping: Individuals, Families, Groups and Communities;

1937 births
Living people
University at Buffalo faculty