alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Bartini Beriev VVA-14

The Bartini Beriev VVA-14 Vertikaľno-Vzletayushchaya Amfibiya (vertical take-off amphibious aircraft) was a wing-in-ground-effect aircraft developed in the Soviet Union during the early 1970s.  Designed to be able to take off from the water and fly at high speed over long distances, it was to make true flights at high altitude, but also have the capability of flying efficiently just above the sea surface, using aerodynamic ground effect.  The VVA-14 was designed by Hungarian-born designer Robert Bartini in answer to a perceived requirement to destroy United States Navy Polaris missile submarines. The final aircraft was retired in 1987.

Development
Bartini, in collaboration with the Beriev Design Bureau intended to develop the prototype VVA-14 in three phases. The VVA-14M1 was to be an aerodynamics and technology testbed, initially with rigid pontoons on the ends of the central wing section, and later with these replaced by inflatable pontoons. The VVA-14M2 was to be more advanced, with two starting engines to blast into the cavity under the wing to give lift and later with a battery of lift engines to give VTOL capability, and with fly-by-wire flight controls. The VVA-14M3 would see the VTOL vehicle fully equipped with armament and with the Burevestnik computerised anti-submarine warfare (ASW) system, Bor-1 magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) and other operational equipment.

Operational history
After extensive research, including the development of the small prototype Be-1 wing in ground effect aircraft, the first VVA-14 prototype was completed in 1972. Its first flight was from a conventional runway on 4 September 1972.

In 1974, inflatable pontoons were installed, though their operation caused many problems. Flotation and water taxi tests followed, culminating in the start of flight testing of the amphibious aircraft on 11 June 1975.

The inflatable pontoons were later replaced by rigid pontoons, while the fuselage was lengthened and the starting engines added. This incarnation was given the designation 14M1P. The bureau supplying the intended battery of 12 RD-36-35PR lift engines did not deliver, and this made VTOL testing impossible.

After Bartini's death in 1974, the project slowed and eventually drew to a close, the aircraft having conducted 107 flights, with a total flight time of 103 hours. The only remaining VVA-14, No. 19172, was retired to the Soviet Central Air Force Museum, Moscow in 1987. As a result of uncertain accidents during the shipping to museum, the aircraft received some damage, but these damages were not repaired afterwards. The aircraft still resides at the museum in a dismantled state, where it carries the designations "10687" and "Aeroflot".

Specifications (VVA-14M1)

See also

References

 
 

Komissarov, Sergey. “Russia's Ekranoplans”. Hinkley. Midland Publishing. 2002. 
Komissarov, Sergey and Yefim Gordon. Soviet and Russian Ekranoplans. Hersham, UK: Ian Allan Publishing, 2010. .

External links

 VVA-14 on Google Maps

1970s Soviet anti-submarine aircraft
VVA-14
Ekranoplans
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
VVA-14, Bartini Beriev
Aircraft first flown in 1972
Patrik Gerrbrand

Mikael Patrik "Totte" Gerrbrand (born 27 April 1981) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a defender. Starting off his career with Hammarby IF in 2000, he went on to also represent Leicester City and Fredrikstad before retiring at Nacka FF in 2015. A youth international for Sweden, he appeared seven times for the Sweden U21 team between 2003 and 2004.

Club career
A central defender, Gerrbrand began playing football for Älvsjö AIK before heading to Hammarby as at 14 years of age. He played through the youth ranks before making his professional debut in 2000, and played for five more seasons, winning the Swedish Allsvenskan in 2001. In July 2005 he signed for Leicester City, making 21 appearances in all competitions for the Championship side during the 2005–06 season.

Gerrbrand signed for the Norwegian club in July 2006, transferring from Leicester City because he did not have a future for the first-team. He signed a three and a half year contract with Fredrikstad. He played most of Fredikstad's games until the 2009 season, where he only played in two of their first thirteen games and was released by mutual consent on 15 June 2009.

Just a few days after he left FFK, he signed for his youth and favourite club Hammarby IF. He signed a two and a half year-contract with "Bajen".

International career
Gerrbrand made seven appearances for the Swedish under-21 team, but never appeared in a senior international match. He was a part of Sweden's squad at the 2004 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, in which he played in four games as Sweden finished fourth.

Honours
Hammarby IF
Allsvenskan: 2001
Fredrikstad

 Norwegian Cup: 2006

References

External links
 
 Player profile at Fredrikstad FK

1981 births
Living people
Swedish men's footballers
Leicester City F.C. players
Fredrikstad FK players
Hammarby Fotboll players
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Swedish expatriate men's footballers
Sweden men's under-21 international footballers
Allsvenskan players
Eliteserien players
Men's association football defenders
Boo FK players
Boo FK managers
Swedish football managers
Bert H. Miller

Bert Henry Miller (December 15, 1876 – October 8, 1949) was an American politician from Idaho and a member of the Democratic Party.

Biography
Born in St. George, Utah Territory, Miller graduated from Brigham Young University in 1901 and from Cumberland School of Law at Cumberland University in Lebanon, Tennessee in 1902. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in St. Anthony, Idaho in 1903, and was prosecuting attorney of Fremont County from 1912 to 1914.

Miller ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1914. He was elected Idaho Attorney General in 1932, and reelected in 1934. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1936, and served for two months in 1938 as Idaho's labor commissioner. Miller was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election in 1938 to the Seventy-sixth Congress. He was an attorney in the Wage and Hour Division of the U.S. Department of Labor at Seattle, Washington in 1939 and 1940. He again became Attorney General of Idaho from 1940 to 1944, during which time he was an advocate for Japanese-American internment camps. Miller "expressed an even more extreme view, advocating that they be put into concentration camps for the remainder of the war and that no attempt be made to provide work for them. Their labor was not needed, he said, and after the war they should be sent back to California: 'We want to keep this a white man's country.' " 

He was elected a justice of the state's supreme court in 1944.

Miller was elected to the United States Senate in 1948, defeating Republican incumbent Henry Dworshak, but died of a heart attack after only nine months in office. Governor C. A. Robins appointed Dworshak to succeed him. As of 2021, Miller remains the last Democrat to hold the Class II U.S. Senate seat from Idaho.

Miller is buried in Morris Hill Cemetery in Boise.

Congressional elections

House

Senate

Source:

See also 
 List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)

References

External links

1876 births
1949 deaths
Brigham Young University alumni
Idaho lawyers
American prosecutors
Justices of the Idaho Supreme Court
Idaho Attorneys General
Idaho Democrats
Democratic Party United States senators from Idaho
People from St. George, Utah
People from St. Anthony, Idaho
Fuschl am See

Fuschl am See is an Austrian municipality in the district of Salzburg-Umgebung, in the  state of Salzburg. It is located at the east end of the Fuschlsee, between the city of Salzburg and Bad Ischl. As of 2018, the community has approximately 1,500 inhabitants.

Geography
Fuschl am See covers an area of 21.4 km².  The city lies in the mid-northern part of Austria near the German state of Bavaria.

History 
The Fuschl region is mentioned for the first time in the „Congestum Arnonis“ (as a record of it forming part of the estates belonging to the diocese of Salzburg, from the time of Bishop Arno in 790). From the 8th century the whole area of Thalgau-Fuschl am See-Abersee was owned by the lords of the area i.e. archbishops. For a long time Fuschl am See had no name but in the 12th century the area was known as “Fuschilsee”. (Documented by archbishop Konrad I in the year 1141 chronicling the lake fishermen “ad Fuschilsee” which belongs to the monastery of St. Peters.)

Economy 
Red Bull GmbH has its headquarters in Fuschl.

Transport 
Highway B158 from Bad Ischl to Salzburg passes through Fuschl.

Notable residents 
 Former F1 driver Scott Speed
 Dietrich Mateschitz, Red Bull co-founder

See also

 Salzburg
 Salzburgerland

Notes and references

External links

Official website 

Cities and towns in Salzburg-Umgebung District
Elaine Parent

Elaine Antoinette Parent (August 4, 1942 – April 6, 2002) was an American criminal known as "the world's most wanted woman" in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

She was wanted for the murder of her potential roommate, Beverly McGowan, a 34-year-old bank clerk. McGowan had placed an ad in the paper looking for a roommate. A woman named "Alice" answered the ad. The woman was actually Parent. Soon after, McGowan disappeared; on July 19, 1990, her remains were found in a rural canal in St. Lucie County, Florida. She had been mutilated--a tattoo cut out of her stomach, her head had been decapitated and her hands severed to hinder the identification.  However, the killer had overlooked another small tattoo. This, along with teeth left from the decapitation, were enough to positively identify her.

According to investigators, Parent was known to have traveled around the world using more than 20 different identities and was a master of disguise, even at times posing as a man.

The origin of Parent's nickname, the "Chameleon Killer," was a photograph of an oil painting of herself she sent to police with the message "Best wishes: your Chameleon" typed on the back. The nickname was apt, as she stole the identities of her victims and was found to have used McGowan's credit cards after she killed her. She also scoured graveyards for names and dates of birth and stole the information of other potential roommates by telling them she was a numerologist, soliciting their Social Security numbers, driver's licences and even birth certificates.

When Florida police caught up with her in Panama City, Florida, on April 6, 2002, she committed suicide by shooting herself in the heart as they stood outside her bedroom door waiting for her to get dressed.

There have been concerns that in her time on the run she is likely to have committed other crimes. Some investigators have even questioned if "Elaine Parent" was her actual, given name, since no birth certificate for her has ever been found.

Beverly McGowan's murder and the search for Elaine Parent were profiled on Unsolved Mysteries and America's Most Wanted. In 2003, BBC did a special documentary on Parent's criminal career titled "The World's Most Wanted Woman". In 2014, she was featured on the Investigation Discovery program Swamp Murders.

References 

1942 births
2002 suicides
2002 deaths
Suicides by firearm in Florida
American female murderers
American murderers
1962 Orpington by-election

The Orpington by-election in 1962 is often described as the start of the Liberal Party revival in the United Kingdom.

Background
The by-election was caused by the appointment of Donald Sumner, the Conservative Member of Parliament for Orpington, as a county court judge.  The appointment was generally thought to be making way for Peter Goldman, who had worked with Iain Macleod on the Conservatives' previous election manifesto. The Conservatives had held the seat since its creation in 1945 and, in the 1959 general election, had easily retained it. Labour and the Liberals had each picked up just over 20% of the vote. Commentators therefore expected Goldman to achieve a comfortable victory.

The Liberal Party had reached its lowest ebb in the 1951 general election, gaining only 2.5% of the national vote and returning only six MPs. Signs of a revival were not seen until it won the 1958 Torrington by-election, its first gain at a by-election since Holland with Boston in 1929. The following year, however, Torrington was lost at the general election and, despite increasing its share of the vote to 5.9%, the party did not return more than six MPs. After the general election, its revival resumed as it took second place in several by-elections.

The Liberals had planned to put forward their candidate from the 1959 election, Jack Galloway, but selected local councillor Eric Lubbock after it was revealed that Galloway had technically been guilty of bigamy.

Campaign
During the campaign, Goldman attracted criticism for living outside the constituency and admitting that he had no plans to move into it. His close association with the Exchequer also meant his standing was damaged when the Conservative government was forced to announce a pay freeze (Selwyn Lloyd's "Pay Pause") for public sector workers that was seen, in particular, to penalise nurses.

The by-election was held on 14 March 1962. Despite the Conservatives' troubles, the near-22% swing from them to the Liberals surprised most analysts. Lubbock won a 7,855-vote majority and held the seat until 1970. The win boosted the Liberals' poll ratings but did not accelerate their resurgence.

Result

Previous election

References

External links 
British Parliamentary By Elections: Liberal Party campaign literature from the by-election
Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources

Orpington,1962
Orpington,1962
Orpington by-election
Orpington by-election
Orpington,1962
1960s in Kent
Orpington
Music from the Penguin Cafe

Music from the Penguin Cafe is the first studio album by the Penguin Cafe Orchestra.  It was recorded between 1974 and 1976, and released in 1976.

The artist credited for the work varies with different issues.  Upon original issue, the label credited the artist as Simon Jeffes, while the cover gave the artist as "members of the Penguin Café Orchestra".  The line-up for tracks 1, 9, 10 and 11 consisted of the original "Penguin Café Quartet" (as they are referred to in the liner notes): Simon Jeffes (electric guitar), Helen Liebmann (Cello), Steve Nye (electric piano), and Gavyn Wright (violin).  Tracks 2–8, meanwhile, were performed by the ensemble "Zopf", which includes all four members of the quartet as well as Neil Rennie (ukulele) and Emily Young (vocals).

Reissues from 1987 forward generally credit the artist as the Penguin Cafe Orchestra.  These later reissues have mistakenly listed pieces 2-8 as though they were movements of a suite entitled "Zopf", instead of 7 separate pieces performed by "Zopf".

The executive producer for the album was Brian Eno, who released this album on his experimental Obscure label, with catalogue number "Obscure 7". The original cover was by John Bonis. The reissue cover painting was by Emily Young. The album was later released on CD by E.G. Records in 1991 and later in remastered form in 2006 - both using the reissue cover instead of the original.

The album was included in Robert Dimery's 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Track listing
All words composed by Neil Rennie

Tracks 1, 9-11 performed by the Penguin Cafe Quartet.

Tracks 2-8 performed by Zopf.

Personnel
Penguin Cafe Orchestra 
Simon Jeffes - electric guitar, bass, ukulele, cuatro, spinet, electric piano, mouth percussion, sheng, ring modulator, vocals
Steve Nye - electric piano, engineer
Helen Liebmann - cello
Gavyn Wright - violin, viola
with:
Emily Young - vocals on "Milk" and "Coronation", cover painting
Neil Rennie - ukulele on "Giles Farnaby's Dream"

References

1976 debut albums
Penguin Cafe Orchestra albums
Albums produced by Steve Nye
Albums produced by Simon Jeffes
Albums produced by Brian Eno
E.G. Records albums
Obscure Records albums
Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar

Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar was a Persian Sufi saint and Malāmatī-Qalāndārī Sheikh, of possible Turkic origin, and is buried in Zava, Khurasan. Qazvini, author of the Tarikh-i guzida, states Haydar was alive at the time of the Mongol invasion of Central Asia in 1220 and died in 1221 CE/618 AH. The date of his life helpfully indicates the time when the use of cannabis took hold in Islamic society.

Haydar apparently followed an ascetic discipline until he ate some marijuana that he found growing. He then took to eating it constantly. It was deemed compatible with a spiritual life, a positive aid even.

Use of cannabis migrated into Iraq, Syria and Egypt where it was known as 'Haydar's Lady' or 'the Wine of Haydar'.

Haydar – the Persian form of his name is Heydar – founded an order of mendicant dervishes called the Ḥaydariyya who were known for their celibacy and mortification of the flesh through piercing their own bodies with iron rings. His followers also wore felt and walked barefoot. According to al-Jawbari in his book Kashf al-Asrar "Unveiling the Secrets", "members of the Haydariyya dervish order took Hashish before staging their performances of self-mutilation, in order to numb the pain." Al-Jawbari's Kashf al-Asrar was written in 13th century Iraq. The author was a conjuror whose writing was an exposé of not only magic tricks but also the 'dodges' of beggars and other 'low-life'. In fact the term hashishiyya is synonymous with 'low-life' and has been used as such for centuries in the Islamic world.

See also 
 Sidi Heddi

References

Year of birth missing
1221 deaths
Iranian Sufis
Bektashi Order
History of the Alevis
13th-century Iranian people
Cannabis and Islam
Iranian Muslim mystics
Trung Canidate

Trung Jered Canidate (born March 3, 1977) is a former American football running back in the National Football League (NFL).  Drafted out of Arizona, Canidate was selected with the 31st overall pick of the 2000 NFL Draft by the St. Louis Rams.

Professional career

Pre-draft

The St. Louis Rams timed Canidate at 4.25 seconds in the 40-yard dash, more than .15 faster than his combine time. At the combine, Canidate did not complete his workout due to an ankle sprain.

St. Louis Rams
With the presence on the Rams' roster of Marshall Faulk, 1999 NFL Offensive MVP, there was much confusion with the selection of Canidate and most fans thought it was wasted.  He started only three games in his three seasons with St. Louis; he was drafted for his quickness and speed, but he was undersized and perceived as fumble-prone. He fumbled on 1.6% of his touches in his career, compared to a league average rate of 1.37% of touches).

Washington Redskins
After the 2002 season, St. Louis traded Canidate to the Washington Redskins for David Loverne and a fourth round draft choice.  There, he won the starting spot and started ten games, gaining 600 rushing yards and one touchdown.  The next season, the Redskins traded Champ Bailey for all-star running back Clinton Portis, and Canidate was released in June 2004.

NFL statistics

References

1977 births
Living people
American football running backs
Arizona Wildcats football players
St. Louis Rams players
Washington Redskins players
Players of American football from Phoenix, Arizona
Heisson, Washington

Heisson is an unincorporated community in Clark County, Washington.

Heisson lies just north of Battle Ground Lake State Park, south of the East Fork Lewis River, and northeast of Battle Ground, Washington. It consists of a combined general store and post office, along with several houses. Among these houses is the Henry Heisen House, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Washington. The post office is located adjacent to a crossing for the historic Chelatchie Prairie Railroad.

History
The area was named after German immigrant Alexander Heisen, and the "Heisson" spelling commonly used today is considered by some to be in error. Heisen and his family homesteaded in the area in 1866. The post office was founded in 1904, and Heisen granted land to the government for logging in exchange for having the post office named after him. However, the postal service recorded the name as "Heisson," and it was recorded as thus on maps. Only the railroad retained use of the "Heisen" spelling. Current general store and post office signage, as well as current maps, use the modified spelling.

Heisen's son built a home in the area, which is known as the Henry Heisen House and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The house is currently owned by Heisen House Vineyards.

The town flourished until 1923, when the timber was depleted and workers from the Ryan and Allen Mill, located across the East Fork Lewis River, began to move away.

References

Unincorporated communities in Clark County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)
Ariel, Washington

Ariel () is an unincorporated community in Cowlitz County, Washington. Ariel is located  northeast of the city of Woodland along Washington State Route 503, situated north of the Lewis River and on the northwest bank of Lake Merwin. The Ariel community is part of the Woodland School District, a K-12 school district of about 2,200 students.

Geography
Ariel is located at  (45.9567789, -122.5709345).

Culture

D. B. Cooper Days
Every year since 2011 the D. B. Cooper Days are held at the Ariel Store and Tavern. The festival is a celebration of the skyjacking case of Dan Cooper, who hijacked a Boeing 727 over the Cascade Mountains with US$200,000 on November 24, 1971.

External links
Woodland Public Schools website
Ariel, Washington Tourism - Washington Travel & Recreation

References

Unincorporated communities in Cowlitz County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)
Charles C. Gossett

Charles Clinton Gossett (September 2, 1888 – September 20, 1974) was an American politician who served as the 20th governor of Idaho and a United States Senator from Idaho, but was in both offices less than a year in the 1940s. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Early life
Born in Pricetown, Ohio, Gossett attended public schools in Ohio. He moved west to Cunningham, Washington, in 1907, to Ontario, Oregon, in 1910, and finally to Nampa, Idaho, in 1922. He engaged in the agriculture, livestock, feed and shipping businesses.

Career
In 1932, Gossett was elected to Idaho House of Representatives. In 1936, he was elected the 22nd Idaho lieutenant governor, serving for two years alongside Governor Barzilla Clark. Gossett returned as the 24th Idaho lieutenant governor under Governor Chase Clark, Barzilla Clark's younger brother, both elected in 1940.

Gossett was elected to the governorship in his own right in 1944, winning the June primary over Idaho State Auditor Calvin Wright and Idaho Secretary of State George Curtis, as well as the November general election over William Detweiler, the Republican nominee from Hazelton. This was the last election for a two-year term, but Gossett served less than a year; he resigned in November 1945 to let his successor, Lieutenant Governor Arnold Williams, appoint him to the United States Senate to succeed the late John Thomas.

In the special election for the seat in 1946, Gossett was defeated in the Democratic primary in June by State Senator George Donart, who in turn was defeated by Republican U.S. Representative Henry Dworshak in the general election in November. After the loss, Gossett returned to his former business pursuits.

Gossett attempted a political comeback in 1954 in a run for the governorship. At the time, self-succession (reelection) was not allowed; Len Jordan's term was ending. Gossett was defeated in the Democratic gubernatorial primary in August by State Senator Clark Hamilton, who in turn lost to Republican attorney general Robert Smylie in the general election. Gossett was appointed to the Idaho Tax Commission by Smylie in 1956 and served until 1967.

Personal life
Gossett married Clara Louise Fleming on November 28, 1916, and they had three children.

Following an extended illness, Gossett died at age 86 in Boise on September 20, 1974, and is interred at Kohlerlawn Cemetery in Nampa.

References

External links

National Governors Association: biography
 

1888 births
1974 deaths
Democratic Party members of the Idaho House of Representatives
Democratic Party governors of Idaho
People from Ontario, Oregon
Democratic Party United States senators from Idaho
20th-century American politicians
Lynelle Jonsson

Lynelle Jonsson is an American stage actress, dancer, and soprano singer.<ref name="nytimes">Feuer, Alan, "Still Smiling for the Troops, However Grim Their Mission", The New York Times, August 28, 2005.</ref> In 2004, and again in 2005, she was Miss USO and joined the Metropolitan New York USO Troupe of performers."USO Troupe performs at Fort Drum" , Fort Drum Blizzard Online (U.S. Army); September 16, 2004. She performed with the New York Gilbert and Sullivan Players and in other theatre and opera companies before concentrating, from 2010, in concert singing.

Stage actress and concert singer
Jonsson performed with New York Gilbert and Sullivan Players as ensemble cast member for eight years, usually at New York City Center.  Her credits with them include:
 The Pirates of Penzance, New York Gilbert and Sullivan Players Lynelle Jonsson with the USO Show Troupe of Metropolitan New York ; URL last accessed 2007-07-14.
 The Mikado New York Gilbert and Sullivan Players
 H.M.S. Pinafore, New York Gilbert and Sullivan Players

Her other stage acting credits include
 The Buddy Holly Story as Peggy Sue, with the Helen Hayes Theatre and Ogunquit Playhouse
 The Music Man playing Marian Paroo
 The Sound of Music playing Maria
 Così fan tutte playing Despina
 Lily's Crossing'' as Lily Monahan, with ArtsPower National Touring Theatre.

Concert credits include:
 More than 500 appearances as Miss USO and with the USO Troupe of Metropolitan New York.
 "Die Grosse Nacht der Filmmusik" Germany tour 2010 mit Aktiv Event Berlin
 "Tui Entertainment Mein Schiff" Klassischer Abend und Evening of Sondheim 2010/2011
 "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade on NBC" with United We Sing 2011
 "Pomp Duck and Circumstance" Stuttgart, Neu Ulm, Frankfurt, Berlin, Zurich 2011-2015
 "The 10 Sopranos" Germany tour 2012
 Birdland Jazz Series guest artist with Munich Swing Orchestra, AUDI forum. 2012, 2014.
 MS Europa, MS Europa 2 guest artist world tours 2012-2016.
 "Musicals in Concert" Over the Rainbow Show Productions, European Tour 2013-2017.
 "A Spectacular Night of Queen" European tour 2014-2015.

Notes and references

External links

 Official site of Lynelle Jonsson
 Jonsson's "Belters" parody

American women singers
American musical theatre actresses
Living people
Singers from New York City
Year of birth missing (living people)
Anderson University (Indiana) alumni
21st-century American women
Deportivo Zacapa

Club Social y Deportivo Zacapa is a Guatemalan football club from Zacapa. They’re nicknamed "Los Gallos" (The Roosters). They compete in the Liga Nacional, the top tier of Guatemalan football. The team plays its home games at the Estadio David Ordoñez Bardales, the local stadium.

History
The club was founded on November 14, 1951 as Municipal of Zacapa by founder David Alfonso Ordoñez Bardales. The team won its promotion to the National League in 1959, it also participated in the 1960 Guatemala Cup. The club has had ups and downs during its career in the League, since it had several relegations to the first division on 5 occasions. They also managed to reach the Cup Tournament final in 2009 but lost it to Comunicaciones by an overall score of 5-1.

Their colors consists of red and yellow stripes paired with black shorts and main mascot is inspired of a rooster.

Stadium
The official venue of the club is the Estadio David Ordoñez Bardales, named after their founder, that is located in the city of Zacapa in eastern Guatemala. It is known as El Gallinero by the nickname given to the club. It has a capacity to accommodate 8,100 spectators.

Honours

Domestic honours

Leagues
 Primera División de Ascenso
 Champions (1): Clausura 2023

Current squad

External links

Zacapa
Association football clubs established in 1951
1951 establishments in Guatemala
Gongbu

Gongbu may refer to:

 Gongbu (mountaineer), a Tibetan member of the 1960 Chinese Mount Everest Expedition
 romanized Korean pronunciation of Gongfu
 Gong Bu, a stance in Wushu and other Chinese martial arts
 Ministry of Works (imperial China), one of the Six Ministries from the Tang to the Qing
Carrolls, Washington

Carrolls is an unincorporated community in Cowlitz County, Washington, south of the city of Kelso. Carrolls is located south on Old Pacific Highway from exit 36 of Interstate 5. The Carrolls community is part of the Kelso School District, a K-12 school district of nearly 5,000 students.

The community derives its name from Major Carroll, a pioneer resident.

Geography
Carrolls is located at  (46.0715022, -122.8623306).

External links
Kelso School District website

References

Unincorporated communities in Cowlitz County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)
Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles

The Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (, abbr. PSRL) is a series of published volumes aimed at collecting all medieval East Slavic chronicles, with various editions published in Imperial Russia, the Soviet Union, and Russian Federation. The project is ongoing and far from finished.

The chronicles were assembled by the Archaeographical Expedition of the Russian Academy of Sciences (starting in 1828). They were prepared for publication by the Archaeographical Commission, established in 1834 as part of the Ministry of National Enlightenment. The first volumes were published by a publisher "Typography of Edward Prats". The commission was charged to publish the collection on February 18, 1837.

The first ten volumes appeared between 1841 and 1863. New volumes have been brought forth piecemeal throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries. Some of the older volumes have also been reprinted, especially after 1997.

In 1977, Ludolf Müller discovered that thousands of textual variants in the Radziwiłł Chronicle and Academic Chronicle were not reported, or reported incorrectly, in Volume 1 of the PSRL.

List of published volumes

Typography of Edward Prats
 Volume 1. Laurentian and Trinitarian Codices. Saint Petersburg, 1846
 Volume 2. Hypatian Codex. Saint Petersburg, 1843 (included also Hustynian Chronicle)
 Volume 3. Novgorodian Codex. Saint Petersburg, 1841
 Volume 4. Chronicles of Novgorod and Pskov. Saint Petersburg, 1848
 Volume 5. Chronicles of Pskov and Sophia. Saint Petersburg, 1851
 Volume 6. Sofia Chronicle. Saint Petersburg, 1853
 Volume 7. Chronicle of Resurrection List. Saint Petersburg, 1856
 Volume 8. Continuation of the Resurrection List Chronicle. Saint Petersburg, 1859
 Volume 9. Chronicles collection named as Patriarchal or Nikon Chronicle. Saint Petersburg, 1862
 Volume 15. Saint Petersburg, 1863
 Number of indices (1868-1907)

In 1871-72 the first two volumes were republished as the second editions.

 Volume 1, second edition. Leningrad, 1926
 Volume 2, second edition. Saint Petersburg, 1908

Typography of Skorokhodov and Typography of Aleksandrov

References

Bibliography

External links 
 Full Collection of Russian Chronicles 

Old East Slavic chronicles
History of Kievan Rus'
Chronicles about Lithuania
Textual criticism of the Primary Chronicle
The Autumn Effect

The Autumn Effect is the third studio album and major label debut by American alternative metal band 10 Years. It was released on July 22, 2005, by Republic and Universal Records. Featured on the album is the popular modern rock track "Wasteland" and two other singles: "Through the Iris" and "Waking Up".

Due to the success of "Wasteland", The Autumn Effect broke 10 Years into the mainstream and as of December 6, 2017, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Album information
The album peaked at number 72 on the Billboard 200, and made a re-entry into the top 100 of the chart, based on the growing mainstream success of the single "Wasteland". The album as a whole has been frequently compared to the work of Tool, Deftones, and, to a lesser extent, Incubus.

Slightly different versions of the songs "Wasteland", "Through the Iris", and "Insects" all appeared on the 2004 album Killing All That Holds You.

The hidden track "Slowly Falling Awake" is after "The Autumn Effect", however not as a separate track.

There are two instrumental pieces in negative time prior to "Wasteland" and "Empires". They will automatically be played if the tracks prior to Wasteland and Empires ("Cast It Out" and "Through the Iris", respectively) are played. If played from an MP3 device or computer, these instrumental pieces will be on the same track as "Cast It Out" and "Through the Iris" and play after the songs are over.

Track listing

Note
 The Compact Disc release has the songs "Cast It Out" and "Through the Iris" with instrumentals at the end of each song, plus "Slowly Falling Awake" at the end of "The Autumn Effect". The digital download versions of the album (including the iTunes version) do not include these instrumentals or "Slowly Falling Awake".

Personnel
10 Years
 Jesse Hasek – lead vocals
 Ryan "Tater" Johnson – lead guitar, backing vocals
 Matt Wantland – rhythm guitar
 Lewis "Big Lew" Cosby – bass
 Brian Vodinh – drums, backing vocals

Additional musicians
 Michael Harrison – violin
 Ruth Brugger-Johnson – violin
 Novi Novog – viola
 Nancy Stein-Ross – cello
 Rick Bemis – double bass

Production
 Josh Abraham – producer
 Ryan Williams – sound engineer, mixing
 Tom Baker – mastering
 Ross Garfield – drum technician
 Brett Allen – guitar technician

Artwork
 Travis Stevens – art direction, photography
 Dean Karr – photography
 Carol Farneti – foster humming bird photography

Management
 Adrian Vallera – A&R
 Anthony Rollo – A&R For Universal Records
 Michael Ullman – business management for Platinum Financial Management, Inc.
 Christian L. Castle, Esq. – legal representation 
 Adrian Vallera, Dean Cramer, Steve Ross – worldwide management 
 Michael Arfin  – worldwide booking agent for Artist Group International 
 Dave Kirby – european booking agent for The Agency Group

Charts

Album

Singles

Certifications

References

10 Years (band) albums
2005 albums
Albums produced by Josh Abraham
Universal Records albums
Republic Records albums
Kalmyk Americans

Kalmyk Americans are Americans of Kalmyk Mongolian ancestry.

History
American Kalmyks initially established communities in the United States following a mass immigration after World War II.  The largest groups of Kalmyks originally settled primarily in the states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The majority of today's Kalmyk American population are descended from those Kalmyks who had fled Russia in late 1920 to places such as France, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and, later, Germany. 

As a consequence of their decades-long migration through Europe, many original immigrant Kalmyk Americans could speak German, French, and Serbo-Croatian, in addition to Russian and their native Kalmyk language.

Many Kalmyks were stranded in German displaced persons camps for a number of years following the end of World War II. They were originally classified as Asian under U.S. immigration law, and therefore denied entry, but in 1951 they were reclassified as Caucasian. In 1955 many immigrated to the United States after the Tolstoy Foundation sponsored their passage.

There are several Kalmyk Buddhist temples in Monmouth County, New Jersey, (notably Freewood Acres, New Jersey) where the vast majority of American Kalmyks reside, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, as well as a Tibetan Buddhist Learning Center and monastery in Washington Township, New Jersey.

Notable people 
 Sandje Ivanchukov
 Erdne Ombadykow
 Ngawang Wangyal

See also
 Kalmyks
 Kalmykia
 Mongolian Americans

References

External links
 Map Collection of the Library of Congress: "Carte de Tartarie" of Guillaume de L'Isle (1675-1726) ; shows territories of Kalmyks as in 1706.
 Kalmyk Mongolian Buddhist Center, Howell, New Jersey
 Tashi Lhunpo Temple, a Kalmyk Buddhist temple in Howell, New Jersey

American people of Kalmyk descent
Ethnic groups in the United States
Kalmyk diaspora
Joannes Baptista Sproll

Joannes Baptista Sproll (2 October 1870 – 4 March 1949) was a German bishop and prominent opponent of the Nazi regime.

Sproll was born in Schweinhausen, near Biberach, the son of a street mender, Josef Sproll, and his wife, Anna Maria née Freuer. He attended the Latin school in Biberach and the Gymnasium Ehingen. He studied Catholic theology at the University of Tübingen from 1890 to 1894. In 1898, he received his Ph.D. for his work on the history of the law and constitution of the Tübingen monastery of St. George. On 14 June 1927 he became the Bishop of Rottenburg.

During the Nazi era, Sproll often spoke out against the regime, and his abstention from the plebiscite over the Anschluss led to preliminary proceedings and staged demonstrations against him. At the end of August 1938, Sproll was expelled from his diocese and could not return again until 1945. On 1 August 1940 Conrad Gröber, Archbishop of Freiburg, and the Vicar General of the Diocese of Rottenburg (acting for Sproll) protested against the euthanasia programmes in Grafeneck; this was also the year of the protest of the Bishop of Münster, Clemens August Graf von Galen. Sproll died in 1949 in Rottenburg am Neckar.

References
 

1870 births
1949 deaths
People from Biberach (district)
Roman Catholic bishops of Rottenburg
Members of the Württembergian Chamber of Lords
List of Roman aqueducts by date

This is a list of aqueducts in the city of Rome listed in chronological order of their construction.

Ancient Rome

Modern Rome 
 Acqua Vergine Antica
 built in 1453
 source: springs in Salone, east of Rome
 length: ; underground from its source to its terminus at the fountain of Trevi on the Quirinal Hill
 Acqua Felice
 built in 1586
 source: springs at Pantano Borghese, off Via Casilina
 length: ; underground for  from its source, in the channel of Aqua Alexandrina, then alternating on the arches of the Aqua Claudia and the Aqua Marcia for  to its terminus at the fountain of Moses on the Quirinal Hill
 Acqua Paola
 built in 1611
 source: Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome
 length: ; underground for  from its source, in the channel of Aqua Trajana, then on arches for  to its terminus at the fountain of Paul V on the Janiculum Hill,
 later piped to Vatican Hill
 Acqua Pia Antica Marcia
 built in 1870
 source: springs near Subiaco, east of Rome
 length: ; underground for  in the channel of Aqua Marcia, then on arches for  to its terminus at the Fountain of the Naiads on the Viminal Hill
 Acqua Vergine Nuova
 built in 1937
 source: springs in Salone, east of Rome
 length: ; underground from its source to its terminus at the fountains in Piazza del Popolo and the fountains on the western slope of the Pincio, overlooking Piazza del Popolo
 Acqua Peschiera
 built in 1949
 source: springs in Sorgenti, northeast of Rome
 length: ; underground from its source, splitting into two branches:
 Peschiera Sinistra, approaching Rome from the east
 Peschiera Destra, taking a westward route, crossing the Tiber River at Poggio Mireto Scalo, about 30 miles north of Rome to its terminus at the fountain of Piazzale degli Eroi (Italian: Heroes' Square), just north of Vatican Hill
 Acqua Appio-Allesandrino
 built in 1965
 source: catchment basins along the volcano Angela at Pantano Borghese, Finocchi, Torre Angela

See also 
 Roman aqueduct
 List of aqueducts
 Parco degli Acquedotti
 Ancient Roman technology
 Roman engineering
 Frontinus

References

Sources

External links 
 Famous Fountains of Rome
 Famous Squares and Fountains of Rome
 Models of Various Aqueducts of Ancient Rome
 Routes of Various Aqueducts of Ancient Rome
 The Fountains of Rome (by Region)

 
Aqueducts
Aqueducts, Roman, by date
FEF

FEF or Fef may refer to:

 Futsal European Federation
 Fef, West Papua, the capital of Tambrauw Regency, West Papua, Western New Guinea
 Ecuadorian Football Federation (Spanish: )
 FedExField, a stadium in Landover, Maryland, United States
 Fire Emblem Fates'', a video game
 Forced expiratory flow 
 Frontal eye fields
 Frontier Education Foundation, in Pakistan
 Fusion Energy Foundation, a defunct American think tank 
 Union Pacific FEF series, a steam locomotive
 First European Farmers
Chip Marshall

Charles Clark "Chip" Marshall III  is a political activist, and was a member of the prominent anti-Vietnam War group, the Seattle Liberation Front ("Seattle Seven"), defending himself in the trial pro se. He ran for Seattle City Council in 1975 and 1977, but was unsuccessful.  Since then, he helped to develop Issaquah's Klahanie community.

According to The Seattle Times, he has retired to Malta, after a real estate career with Merrill Gardens China.

References 

American anti–Vietnam War activists
Living people
People from Issaquah, Washington
Year of birth missing (living people)
Deviant logic

Deviant logic is a type of logic incompatible with classical logic. Philosopher Susan Haack uses the term deviant logic to describe certain non-classical systems of logic. In these logics:

 the set of well-formed formulas generated equals the set of well-formed formulas generated by classical logic.
 the set of theorems generated is different from the set of theorems generated by classical logic.

The set of theorems of a deviant logic can differ in any possible way from classical logic's set of theorems: as a proper subset, superset, or fully exclusive set. A notable example of this is the trivalent logic developed by Polish logician and mathematician Jan Łukasiewicz. Under this system, any theorem necessarily dependent on classical logic's principle of bivalence would fail to be valid.  The term deviant logic first appears in Chapter 6 of Willard Van Orman Quine's Philosophy of Logic, New Jersey: Prentice Hall (1970), which is cited by Haack on p. 15 of her book.

Quasi-deviant and extended logics
Haack also described what she calls a quasi-deviant logic. These logics are different from pure deviant logics in that:

 the set of well-formed formulas generated is a proper superset of the set of well-formed formulas generated by classical logic.
 the set of theorems generated is a proper superset of the set of theorems generated by classical logic, both in that the quasi-deviant logic generates novel theorems using well-formed formulas held in common with classical logic, as well as novel theorems using novel well-formed formulas.

Finally, Haack defined a class of merely extended logics. In these,

 the set of well-formed formulas generated is a proper superset of the set of well-formed formulas generated by classical logic.
 the set of theorems generated is a proper superset of the set of theorems generated by classical logic, but only in that the novel theorems generated by the extended logic are only a result of novel well-formed formulas.

Some systems of modal logic meet this definition. In such systems, any novel theorem would not parse in classical logic due to modal operators. While deviant and quasi-deviant logics are typically proposed as rivals to classical logic, the impetus behind extended logics is normally only to provide a supplement to it.

Two decades later 
Achille Varzi in his review of the 1996 edition of Haack's book writes that the survey did not stand well the test of time, particularly with the "extraordinary proliferation of nonclassical logics in the past two decades—paraconsistent logics, linear logics, substructural logics, nonmonotonic logics, innumerable other logics for AI and computer science." He also finds that Haack's account of vagueness "is now seriously defective." He concedes however that "as a defense of a philosophical position, Deviant Logic retains its significance."

References

Non-classical logic
Frontal eye fields

The frontal eye fields (FEF) are a region located in the frontal cortex, more specifically in Brodmann area 8 or BA8, of the primate brain. In humans, it can be more accurately said to lie in a region around the intersection of the middle frontal gyrus with the precentral gyrus, consisting of a frontal and parietal portion. The FEF is responsible for saccadic eye movements for the purpose of visual field perception and awareness, as well as for voluntary eye movement. The FEF communicates with extraocular muscles indirectly via the paramedian pontine reticular formation. Destruction of the FEF causes deviation of the eyes to the ipsilateral side.

Function
The cortical area called frontal eye field (FEF) plays an important role in the control of visual attention and eye movements. Electrical stimulation in the FEF elicits saccadic eye movements. The FEF have a topographic structure and represents saccade targets in retinotopic coordinates.

The frontal eye field is reported to be activated during the initiation of eye movements, such as voluntary saccades and pursuit eye movements. There is also evidence that it plays a role in purely sensory processing and that it belongs to a “fast brain” system through a superior colliculus – medial dorsal nucleus – FEF ascending pathway.

In humans, its earliest activations in regard to visual stimuli occur at 45 ms with activations related to changes in visual stimuli within 45–60 ms (these are comparable with response times in the primary visual cortex).
This fast brain pathway also provides auditory input at even shorter times starting at 24 ms and being affected by auditory characteristics at 30–60 ms.

The FEF constitutes together with the supplementary eye fields (SEF), the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the  superior colliculus (SC) one of the most important brain areas involved in the generation and control of eye movements, particularly in the direction contralateral to the frontal eye fields' location. In addition, FEF has an important role in the covert allocation of spatial attention through its reciprocal connectivity with visual cortex.

Clinical significance

Lesions 
Unilateral irritative stimulation of a FEF, such as a frontal seizure causes conjugate gaze contralateral to the stimulation. Conversely, a unilateral destructive lesion of the FEF causes conjugate gaze towards the lesion.

See also 

 Saccade
 Smooth pursuit
 Supplementary eye fields
 IPS / LIP

References

External links 

 Frontal Eye Field (Scholarpedia)

Saccade
Brodmann areas
Cerebral cortex
Frontal lobe