July 19



Events

Up to 1900 
 64  The Great Fire of Rome starts.
 484  Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern Emperor at Tarsus in modern-day Turkey.
 711  Ummayad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete - Ummayad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.
 1333  Wars of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Halidon Hill ends in an English victory.
 1545  The Tudor battleship Mary Rose sinks.
 1553  In England, Lady Jane Grey is replaced as queen by Mary I of England, having been queen for only a few days.
 1572  Wanli Emperor takes control in China, becoming the 13th Emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
 1588  Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines - The Spanish Armada is seen in the English Channel.
 1692  In the Salem Witch Trials, five women are hanged for witchcraft.
 1701  Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding large territory north of the Ohio River to England.
 1702  Great Northern War: A larger Polish-Saxon Army of Augustus III the Strong, operating from a better defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish Army half its size under the command of Charles XII of Sweden, in the Battle of Klissow.
 1821  George IV of the United Kingdom is crowned king.
 1832  The British Medical Association is founded by Charles Hastings.
 1843  Isambard Kingdom Brunel's steamship, the SS Great Britain is launched.
 1848  A Women's rights convention begins in Seneca Falls, New York.
 1864  Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking - Qing Dynasty defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
 1870  Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
 1900  The first line of the Paris Metro opens.

From 1901 
 1903  Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France.
 1908  The Dutch football club Feyenoord of Rotterdam is founded.
 1912  A meteorite estimated to weigh 190 kilograms explodes over Holbrook, Arizona, causing around 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the village.
 1916  World War I: Battle of Fromelles - British and Australian troops attack German trenches.
 1920  Antonio Joaquim Granjo becomes Prime Minister of Portugal.
 1936  The Sieges of Oviedo and Gijon begin shortly after the start of the Spanish Civil War.
 1941  British Prime Minister Winston Churchill launches the V for Victory campaign.
 1943  World War II: Rome is heavily bombed by more than 500 Allied aircraft.
 1947  Several leading Burmese politicians, including Bogyoko Aung San, are executed by Galon U Saw.
 1950  West Germany and the Saarland join the European Council.
 1952  The Summer Olympics in Helsinki begin.
 1961  Tunisia imposes a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte.
 1965  The Mont Blanc road tunnel is opened.
 1971  The South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City opens.
 1976  The Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
 1979  The Sandinistas take official control of the government in Nicaragua.
 1979  Two oil tankers collide near Trinidad and Tobago, causing an oil spill, and killing 29 seamen in the fire resulting from the collision.
 1980  The Summer Olympics in Moscow begin. Some Western countries, including the United States and West Germany, boycott the event.
 1981  French President Francois Mitterrand privately reveals to US President Ronald Reagan documents showing the Soviets had been stealing American technological research and development.
 1985  The Val di Stava dam collapses in Italy, killing 268 people.
 1987  In Portugal, the Social Democrats under Anibal Cavaco Silva become the first political party during the Third Republic to form an overall majority in parliament.
 1989  A United Airlines airplane crashes in Sioux City, Iowa, and bursts into flames, killing 112 out of the 296 people on board.
 1992  Anti-Mafia judge Paolo Borsellino and two police officers are killed by a car-bomb attack in Palermo, Sicily.
 1996  Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic is forced out of office. Wanted on war crimes charges, he goes into hiding until his arrest in 2008.
 1996  The 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta begin, with Muhammad Ali lighting the Olympic flame.
 1997  The Provisional IRA resumes a ceasefire during the Northern Ireland Troubles.
 2002  In Scotland, the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park is created.
 2003  The first successful tongue transplant is carried out in Vienna.
 2007  Pratibha Patil becomes the first woman to be chosen to become President of India.
 2018  Israel's Knesset passes a law defining the country as a Jewish Nation State.
 2018  A duck boat capsizes on Table Rock Lake in Southwestern Missouri, United States, killing 17 people (out of 31 on board), including 9 from the same family. 
 2019  Iran seizes two British oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz.

Births

Up to 1900 
 1670  Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758)
 1688  Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
 1698  Johann Jakob Bodmer, Swiss writer and poet (d. 1783)
 1739  Joseph Stanton, Jr., American politician (d. 1807)
 1744  Heinrich Christian Boie, German poet (d. 1806)
 1759  Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833)
 1764  Juan José Castelli, Argentine politician (d. 1812)
 1789  John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
 1800  Juan José Flores, first President of Ecuador (d. 1864)
 1806  Alexander Dallas Bache, American physicist (d. 1867)
 1814  Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
 1819  Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
 1822  Princess Augusta of Cambridge (d. 1916)
 1827  Mangal Pandey, Indian soldier (d. 1857)
 1834  Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
 1840  José Manuel Balmaceda, President of Chile (d. 1891)
 1842  Frederick T. Greenhalge, English-American lawyer and politician, 38th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1896)
 1848  Pedro Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil (d. 1850)
 1860  Lizzie Borden, American accused murderess (d. 1927)
 1863  Hermann Bahr, Austrian writer and dramatist (d. 1934)
 1865  Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
 1876  Joseph Fielding Smith, 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
 1876  Ignaz Seipel, Austrian politician (d. 1952)
 1877  Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
 1881  Friedrich Dessauer, German philosopher and physicist (d. 1963)
 1883  Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and movie producer (d. 1972)
 1884  Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1954)
 1886  Michael Fekete, Hungarian-Israeli mathematician (d. 1957)
 1890  King George II of Greece (d. 1947)
 1892  Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
 1893  Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930)
 1894  Khawaja Nazimuddin, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
 1894  Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959)
 1895  Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
 1896  A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981)
 1898  Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979)

1901  1950 
 1904  Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, American lawyer (d. 1985)
 1914  Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005)
 1917  William Scranton, American politician and diplomat, 38th Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 2013)
 1920  Robert Mann, American violinist, composer and conductor (d. 2018)
 1920  Aldo Protti, Italian opera singer (d. 1995)
 1921  André Moynet, French fighter pilot, businessman, politician and racing driver (d. 1993)
 1921  Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2011)
 1921  Harold Camping, American evangelist and religious broadcaster, predicted the rapture (d. 2013)
 1922  Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan, 10th Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia (d. 2008)
 1922  George McGovern, American politician (d. 2012)
 1923  Lon Simmons, American sportscaster (d. 2015)
 1923  Joseph Hansen, American writer (d. 2004)
 1923  Alex Hannum, American basketball player (d. 2002)
 1924  Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005)
 1924  Pat Hingle, American actor (d. 2009)
 1924  Arthur Rankin, Jr., American director, producer and writer (d. 2014)
 1925  Otto Arosemena, President of Ecuador (d. 1984)
 1926  Helen Gallagher, American actress, Ryan's Hope
 1928  Bobby Davidson, Scottish football referee (d. 1993)
 1929  Martin Grüner, German politician (d. 2018)
 1932  Erró, Icelandic artist
 1934  Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
 1935  Vasily Livanov, Russian movie actor and screenwriter
 1935  Nick Koback, American baseball player (d. 2015)
 1935  Gerd Albrecht, German conductor (d. 2014)
 1937  George Hamilton IV, American country music singer (d. 2014)
 1938  Vakhtang Kikabidze, Georgian movie actor, director and singer
 1938  Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
 1941  Vikki Carr, American singer
 1943  Thomas J. Sargent, American economist
 1945  George Dzundza, American actor
 1945  Paule Baillargeon, Canadian actress, director and screenwriter
 1945  Richard Henderson, Scottish molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for Chemistry laureate
 1946  Alan Gorrie, Scottish musician (Average White Band)
 1946  Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player
 1947  Bernie Leadon, American musician (The Eagles)
 1947  Brian May, English guitarist (Queen)
 1947  Hans-Jürgen Kreische, East German footballer
 1948  Atilio Ancheta, Uruguayan footballer
 1948  Keith Godchaux, American musician (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980)
 1949  Kgalema Motlanthe, former President of South Africa
 1950  Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance
 1950  Freddy Moore, American songwriter

1951  1975 
 1952  Allen Collins, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990)
 1952  Robert A. Ficano, County Executive for Wayne County, Michigan (Detroit and environs)
 1954  Alvan Adams, American basketball player
 1954  Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist
 1955  Dalton McGuinty, Canadian politician, 24th Premier of Ontario
 1956  Nikki Sudden, American musician (d. 2006)
 1958  Peter Houston, Scottish footballer and coach
 1958  Kazushi Kimura, Japanese footballer
 1958  Reuben Kane, American professional wrestler
 1958  Angharad Tomos, Welsh author and language activist
 1959  Juan José Campanella, Argentine director
 1960  Atom Egoyan, Canadian movie maker
 1960  Steve Viksten, American television writer and voice actor
 1961  Campbell Scott, American actor and director
 1961  Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast
 1961  Niall Mackenzie, Scottish motorcycle road racer
 1961  Benoît Mariage, Belgian movie director
 1961  Hideo Nakata, Japanese movie director
 1961  Lisa Lampanelli, American comedienne
 1962  Anthony Edwards, American actor
 1964  Masahiko Kondo, Japanese singer, lyricist and actor
 1965  Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist
 1965  Hailemariam Desalegn, Prime Minister of Ethiopia
 1965  Stuart Scott, American sportscaster (d. 2015)
 1966  Nancy Carell, American actress
 1968  Pavel Kuka, Czech footballer
 1968  Robert Flynn, American musician (Machine Head)
 1969  Gabrielle, English singer
 1970  Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish politician, 5th First Minister of Scotland
 1971  Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo)
 1971  Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer and politician, Mayor of Kiev
 1971  Naoki Soma, Japanese footballer
 1971  Russell Allen, American singer
 1971  Alan Marriott, Canadian voice actor
 1972  Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer
 1972  David Lammy, English politician
 1973  Martin Powell, English musician (Cradle of Filth)
 1973  Scott Walker, Canadian hockey player
 1974  Preston Wilson, American baseball player

From 1976 
 1976  Eric Prydz, Swedish DJ and producer
 1976  Benedict Cumberbatch, British actor
 1976  Vinessa Shaw, American actress
 1976  Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer
 1976  Angela Griffin, English actress
 1977  Tony Mamaluke, American wrestler
 1977  Charles John Spencer, American professional wrestler
 1978  Chiara Zanni, Canadian actress
 1979  Luke Young, English footballer
 1979  Rick Ankiel, American baseball pitcher
 1980  Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
 1980  Michelle Heaton, English singer and model (Liberty X)
 1980  Mark Webber, American actor
 1981  Didz Hammond, bassist/backing vocalist (Dirty Pretty Things and The Cooper Temple Clause)
 1981  Nikki Osborne, Australian actress
 1981  Chris Spicuzza, American musician (Chimaira)
 1982  Jared Padalecki, American actor
 1982  Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
 1983  Brooke Kinsella, English actress
 1983  Helen Skelton, English television presenter
 1984  Diana Mocanu, Romanian swimmer
 1984  Adam Morrison, American basketball player
 1985  LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player
 1985  Hadi Norouzi, Iranian footballer (d. 2015)
 1986  Leandro Greco, Italian footballer
 1987  Hugh Harris, English singer and guitarist (The Kooks)
 1988  Shane Dawson, American comedian and actor
 1988  Kevin Grosskreutz, German footballer
 1990  Aron Pálmarsson, Icelandic handball player
 1990  Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor
 1995  Maria Paseka, Russian gymnast
 1996  Oh Ha-young, South Korean singer
 1998  Erin Cuthbert, Scottish footballer

Deaths

Up to 1900 
 514  Pope Symmachus
 806  Li Shigu, Chinese general (b. 778)
 931  Uda of Japan (b. 867)
 1374  Francesco Petrarca, Italian poet (b. 1304)
 1415  Philippa of Lancaster (b. 1359)
 1543  Mary Boleyn, sister of Anne Boleyn (b. 1499)
 1631  Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550)
 1682  Yohannes I, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1640)
 1692  Sarah Good, accused at the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1653)
 1692  Susannah Martin, accused at the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1621)
 1742  William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
 1810  Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
 1814  Matthew Flinders, English explorer of Australia (b. 1774)
 1824  Agustin de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico (b. 1783)
 1838  Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
 1838  Christmas Evans, Welsh minister (b. 1766)
 1850  Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810)
 1857  Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1796)
 1878  Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician (b. 1847)

1901  2000 
 1911  Manuel Iradier, Spanish explorer (b. 1854)
 1913  Climaco Calderon, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
 1925  Louis-Nazaire Bégin, Archbishop of Quebec (b. 1840)
 1943  Yekaterina Budanova, Soviet flying ace (b. 1916)
 1947  Aung San, Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician (b. 1915)
 1947  U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
 1947  Lyuh Woon-hyung, South Korean politician (b. 1886)
 1965  Rhee Syng-man, President of South Korea (b. 1875)
 1970  Egon Eiermann, German architect and designer (b. 1904)
 1974  Erno Schwarz, Hungarian footballer (b. 1904)
 1975  Lefty Frizzell, American country musician and singer (b. 1928)
 1977  Karl Ristikivi, Estonian writer (b. 1912)
 1980  Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912)
 1980  Hans Morgenthau, German political philosopher (b. 1904)
 1982  Hugh Everett, American physicist (b. 1930)
 1984  Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
 1989  Kazimierz Sabbat, President of Poland (b. 1913)
 1992  Paolo Borsellino, Italian magistrate (b. 1940)

From 2001 
 2003  Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1908)
 2004  Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
 2007  Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentine cartoonist (b. 1944)
 2009  Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (b. 1930)
 2009  Henry Surtees, British racing driver (b. 1991)
 2010  David Warren, Australian inventor (b. 1925)
 2012  Omar Suleiman, Egyptian army general, intelligence officer and politician (b. 1936)
 2012  Hans Nowak, German footballer (b. 1937)
 2013  Bert Trautmann, German footballer (b. 1923)
 2013  Mel Smith, British comedian, actor, director and writer (b. 1952)
 2013  Simon Pimenta, Indian cardinal (b. 1920)
 2014  Lionel Ferbos, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1911)
 2014  John Fasano, American screenwriter, producer and director (b. 1961)
 2014  David Easton, Canadian political scientist (b. 1917)
 2014  Ingemar Odlander, Swedish journalist (b. 1936)
 2014  Yehuda Nir, Polish-born psychiatrist (b. 1930)
 2014  Iring Fetscher, German political scientist (b. 1922)
 2014  Rubem Alves, Brazilian theologian and philosopher (b. 1933)
 2014  Paul M. Fleiss, American pediatrician (b. 1933)
 2014  Skye McCole Bartusiak, American actress (b. 1992)
 2014  James Garner, American actor (b. 1928)
 2015  Gennadiy Seleznyov, Russian politician (b. 1947)
 2015  Galina Prozumenshchikova, Russian swimmer (b. 1948)
 2015  Van Alexander, American jazz composer, arranger and bandleader (b. 1915)
 2015  Stellan Bojerud, Swedish politician (b. 1944)
 2015  Carmino Ravosa, Argentine composer (b. 1930)
 2016  Carlos Gorostiza, Argentine playwright, theatre director and novelist (b. 1920)
 2016  Garry Marshall, American director, actor, producer and writer (b. 1934)
 2016  Chief Zee, American football fan (Washington Redskins) (b. 1941)
 2017  Miguel Blesa, Spanish banker (b. 1947)
 2017  Jake Butcher, American banker and politician (b. 1936)
 2017  Blaoui Houari, Algerian singer-songwriter (b. 1926)
 2017  Ralph Regula, American politician (b. 1924)
 2018  Rayo de Jalisco Sr., Mexican professional wrestler and actor (b. 1932)
 2018  Jon Schnepp, American film director and animator (b. 1967)
 2018  Denis Ten, Kazakhstani figure skater (b. 1993)
 2019  Agnes Heller, Hungarian philosopher (b. 1929)
 2019  César Pelli, Argentine architect (b. 1926)
 2019  Yao Lee, Chinese singer (b. 1922)
 2019  John Elya, Lebanese-born religious figure (b. 1928)
 2019  Bert Rechichar, American football player (b. 1930)
 2019  Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor (b. 1944)
 2019  Don Mossi, American baseball player (b. 1929)

Observances 
 Sandinista Day (Nicaragua)
 Martyrs' Day (Burma)
 Christopher Street Day

Days of the year