alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Bou Saâda

Bou Saada (, bu s‘adah, meaning "place of happiness") is a town and municipality in M'Sila Province, Algeria, situated 245 km south of Algiers. As Arena it was the site of a city and bishopric in Roman Africa, now a Catholic titular see. The municipal population was estimated at 134,000 in 2008.

Geography 
Bou-Saada is located in the southwest of the Hodna region in the Hauts Plateaux, at the feet of the Ouled Naïl Range of the Saharan Atlas.

Bou-Saada has traditionally been an important market place producing and selling jewelry, metalwork, carpets and bousaadi knives. There is also a textile mill in town. Even in modern times, Bou-Saada is an important trading post for nomads. There is also some national tourism during winter.
Bou-Saada is well-connected with other urban centres by road. M'Sila is 70 km northeast, Biskra is 175 km east, Bordj Bou Arreridj 130 km northeast and Djelfa 120 km southwest.
Bou-Saada has two quarters, the old medina (ksar) within the city walls with arched alleyways, and the French town to the south. Surrounding the town are extensive date groves.

Climate
Bou Saada has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWk). Rainfall is higher in winter than in summer. The average annual temperature in Bou Saada is . About  of precipitation falls annually.

Ecclesiastical history 
Arena was important enough in the Late Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis to be one of the many suffragans of its capital Caesarea Mauretaniae's Metropolitan Archbishopric; discontinued as a consequence of the Arab conquest of North Africa.

Titular see 
The diocese was nominally restored in 1933 as Latin Catholic titular bishopric.

It has had the following incumbents, of the fitting episcopal (lowest) rank :
 Luís António de Almeida (1935.10.04 – 1941.04.19)
 Joseph-Conrad Chaumont (1941.06.28 – 1966.10.08)
 György Zemplén (1969.01.10 – 1973.03.29)
 Roger-Émile Aubry, Redemptorists (C.SS.R.) (1973.06.14 – 2010.02.17)
 Mário Antônio da Silva (2010.06.09 – ...), Auxiliary Bishop of Manaus (Brazil)

Rock art 
In the municipality, located not far from the village of Ben Srour, are several petroglyph sites of archaeological interest.

See also 

 A Bou Saâda local football (soccer) club Amel

References

Sources and external links
 GCatholic with titular incumbent links

Communes of M'Sila Province
Cities in Algeria
Deutz-Allis

Deutz-Allis was formed when Deutz-Fahr of Germany, part of KHD, purchased the agricultural assets of the Allis-Chalmers corporation in 1985.

Deutz-Allis was eventually sold to the Allis-Gleaner Corporation, or AGCO), in 1990. Deutz-Allis tractors and equipment were renamed in North America to be AGCO-Allis, but continued in South America until 2001, when the South American operations were renamed AGCO-Allis.
In Argentina, was made the Deutz-Allis 5.125 L and the Deutz-Allis 5.190.

In North America, Deutz-Allis tractors carried both the traditional Deutz-green color, and Allis-orange color.  In South America they were Deutz-green.

References

External links 
 http://www.tractordata.com/farm-tractors/tractor-brands/deutzallis/deutzallis-tractors.html

AGCO
Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company
SAME Deutz-Fahr
Agriculture companies of Germany
Berria

Berria (Basque: News) is the only daily newspaper published wholly in the Basque language and which can be read in the entirety of the Basque country. It was created after the closure of the previous Basque language newspaper, Egunkaria, by the Spanish government, after being accused of having ties with ETA.      

Berria is published daily, with the exception of Monday. The first issue was released on 21 June 2003. The newspaper's headquarters is in Andoain, Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous Basque region, Euskadi, in northern Spain. It also has offices in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Pamplona, Bilbao and Bayonne.

References

External links

, with an English version

Daily newspapers published in Spain
Basque-language newspapers
Basque companies
2003 establishments in Spain
Gipuzkoa
Torngat (band)

Torngat is a Canadian indie band and instrumental music trio based in Montreal, Quebec. The members are horn player Pietro Amato, keyboardist Mathieu Charbonneau and percussionist Julien Poissant.

History
Torngat was established in 2001. The band named themselves for the rugged Torngat Mountains to reflect the band's open and improvisational style of their music. The group released its first self-titled album the next year. They developed a stage show in which they frequently exchange instruments during performances.

Torngat  in 2005 released an EP, La Rouge.  During the spring of 2006, Torngat toured Eastern Canada.  Torngat signed a two-album deal with Montreal experimental label Alien8 Recordings. The band recorded a full-length album You Could Be, which was released in September, 2007 and received positive reviews. That year the band performed at the Hillside Festival in Guelph.

Band members
 Pietro Amato - french horn  (and electronics, percussion, melodeon)
 Mathieu Charbonneau - Wurlitzer (and Analog Synth, Hammond, percussion, melodeon).
 Julien Poissant - percussion (and Wurlitzer, trumpet, melodeon)

Discography
 Torngat (2002)
 Live at The Bread Factory (2004)
 La Rouge (2005)
 You Could Be (2007)
 La Petite Nicole (2009)

References
Citations

External links
 Torngat Official site
 Torngat on MySpace
 National Post 

Musical groups established in 2001
Musical groups from Montreal
Canadian post-rock groups
Methana Volcano

The Methana volcano peninsula is situated approximately  southwest of Athens in Greece.

Geological history
The Methana (Μέθανα) peninsula contains some 32 volcanoes, including the Methana volcano, that are mostly andesitic and dacitic lava domes. The volcanic activity in the peninsula began 1 million years ago and continued sporadically until 300 years ago. The last eruptions took place in 1700 at a submarine volcano north of Kameni Chora.   On land there is also the historic lava dome of Kameni Chora that erupted in 230 BC. In August 1922 there were numerous reports of a possible eruption in the Kaimeno Vouno crater, however, this still remains unconfirmed. Methana is in the northwestern part of the group of Cycladic volcanoes that are considered active (Milos, Santorini and Nisyros). The rocks are mostly dacites and andesites. On Methana there are thermal springs and mofettes (gas exhalations). Methana is cut by many tectonic faults, and so it is an area in high danger of earthquakes. The major fault cuts the town of Methana from west to east.

Archaeological history
The Methana peninsula has been inhabited since about 10,000 BC. The first settlements were founded about 6,000 BC. Excavations have brought to light a village and sanctuary from Mycenaean times near the town of Methana at the chapel of Sts. Constantine & Helen. Items dating from about 1500–1200 BC are preserved in the museums of Poros island and in Piraeus Archaeological museum in Athens. There were ancient sanctuaries in Geometric times, about 800–700 BC, such as the Geometric temple near Kounoupitsa village. There are also two ancient acropoleis (Paliocastro acropolis and Oga acropolis) and many ancient farm sites. The ancient writers Ovid, Strabo and Pausanias described the historic eruption of the volcano dome near the village of Kameni Chora in the northwestern part of the Methana peninsula. Pausanias also described hot springs after the eruption. Later there were many new buildings and sanctuaries founded near the village Vathy, at the Paliocastro hill and around it. Methana was also the site of a Phoenician base called Arsinoe.

References

External links

Volcanoes of Greece
Pleistocene lava domes
Landforms of Islands (regional unit)
Landforms of Attica
Holocene lava domes
Newington Gardens

Newington Gardens is located on Harper Road in Southwark, London, England. To the north-west is the Inner London Sessions House, a Crown Court. Its area is . The park occupies part of the site of an old prison that was closed in 1878. The park was opened by Catherine Gladstone, wife of the then prime minister, on 5 May 1884.

The park occupies the site where Horsemonger Lane Gaol was located for almost a century from 1791. Designed by George Gwilt the Elder, architect surveyor to the county of Surrey, this was once the largest prison in the county.

The MUGA (Multi-Use Games Area) courts in the park are regularly used by the London Hardcourt Bicycle Polo Association for casual games and tournaments.

See also 
 Newington, London
 Newington Causeway

External links 
 Newington, Southwark – Hidden London
 LondonTown.com information
  London Gardens Online information

References

Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Southwark
White Farm Equipment

White Farm Equipment is a manufacturer of agricultural machinery, now discontinued and owned by AGCO.

History

In 1960, the White Motor Company entered the agriculture market with the purchase of the Oliver Farm Equipment Company. In 1962, White acquired the Cockshutt Farm Equipment Company of Canada. White increased its agricultural interests in 1963 with the acquisition of Minneapolis-Moline.

In 1969, Oliver, Minneapolis-Moline and Cockshutt were merged to form White Farm Equipment with headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois; White Motor Corporation's headquarters remained in Cleveland, Ohio.  In 1975, Oliver, Minneapolis-Moline and Cockshutt were folded into the White brand.  The green of Oliver, red of Cockshutt and yellow of Minneapolis-Moline tractors was replaced by the silver tractors of White's Field Boss line.

The Field Boss models in approximate order of introduction are as follows:
4-150 (The 4 indicates four wheel drive and the 150 is the power take-off horsepower) 2-105, 2-150  4-180, 2-50, 2-60, 2-70, 2-85, 2-135, 2-155, 2-180, 4-210, 4-180.

White produced tractors, combines, outdoor equipment such as lawn tractors, corn planters, tillage equipment such as plows, disks and field cultivators 4 wheel Drive. Some of the products were made by outside companies to White specifications.

In 1979 White Motors spun off its agriculture division to a Texas firm called TIC.  The White line was branded WFE (White Farm Equipment). The White Outdoor Equipment portion that offered Lawn & Garden equipment was sold to MTD in 1981.
The agriculture market hit a severe recession in the early 1980s, and TIC sold WFE to Allied Products. Allied owned the New Idea farm equipment brand and formed a new division called White-New Idea. The White combine line was sold to Massey Ferguson in the late 1980s.

As it happened, Massey Ferguson later spun off the combine division into Massey Combines, then later re-absorbed the company after various lawsuits.  After White and White-New Idea were sold to AGCO, AGCO also purchased Massey Ferguson, in effect, re-uniting the former White combine line with the former White tractor company.

Today White is an AGCO brand. AGCO was formed in 1990 by former Deutz-Allis executives.  The executives took over Deutz-Allis and then purchased the White tractor line and Hesston Corporation brands in 1991. The remaining White-New Idea Company was purchased by AGCO in 1993 from Allied.

The White tractor line was produced by AGCO from 1991 through 2001 when the White line was merged  with AGCO-Allis to create the AGCO brand.  

The White name continued on under AGCO with the White Planter division until 2021 at which point, the planter line was absorbed into the Massey Ferguson brand of AGCO products.  Though the branded White Planters are no longer produced, their legacy and innovations carry on within the planter industry.

References
  White history on the Big Tractor Power web site

External links

 AGCO Corporation

AGCO
White Consolidated Industries
Agriculture companies of the United States
Fendt Caravan

Fendt-Caravan GmbH is a German manufacturer of travel trailers (caravans) and recreational vehicles; its headquarters is located in Mertingen. Bought out January 1st., 1998 Fendt-Caravan since has been a 100% subsidiary of the Hobby-Wohnwagenwerk Ing. Harald Striewski GmbH. 

The number of new Fendt caravan registrations in Europe in 2021 was 8,712, of which 3,948 were in the home market and strongest market of Germany. Together with the Hobby Group, the market share of new caravan registrations in Germany (2021/22) was 37.7%.

Products 
In the 2023 season, Fendt-Caravan will offer 33 models in 5 ranges from entry-level to luxury caravans, as well as special family layouts. The manufacturer places its entire model range in the premium segment.

In addition, a separate model range of 4 series with 15 models is offered for the French market.

References

Recreational vehicle manufacturers
Caravan and travel trailer manufacturers
Splendid toadfish

The splendid toadfish (Sanopus splendidus) also called the coral toadfish and the Cozumel splendid toadfish is a species of toadfish once believed to be entirely endemic to the island of Cozumel but have been found on the reefs of Honduras all the way up to Cancun.  
Commonly found under coral outcroppings.  Dens can be spotted by the sloping sand patch.   They are very difficult to coax out in the open.

Unlike any other member of the toadfish family, the splendid toadfish is distinctive for its vibrant colors. It has bright yellow fins which also contain distinctive patterning, while its head contains dark and white stripes.

The species has a total of eight fins; two dorsal fins, two pectoral fins, two pelvic fins, a caudal fin and an anal fin. The midline of the upper body contains the two dorsal fins; a short fin with sharp spines in 3 spots and a long fin which extends over much of the upper body and is flowing. Two rounded pectoral fins are found behind the head, and they are larger than two smaller pointed pelvic fins positioned right in front of the undersurface.  Also on the undersurface, towards the rear, along the tip of the tail, the splendid toadfish has a small and rounded caudal fin. With the exception of the pelvic fins, all the fins are bordered by a bright yellow coloring.

The structural features of the species however are similar to other members in the family, such as the flat and broadened head and barbells. Like most species that dwell close to the sand, the splendid toadfish has eyes located on the top of its head which look directly upwards as there is mostly no need for a horizontal vision. Small and sharp teeth also fill wide jaws.

The splendid toadfish generates a buzzing mating call that can be heard by divers.

References

  Listed as Vulnerable (VU D2 v2.3)

External links
 

Batrachoididae
Fish described in 1974
Fish of Mexico
Fish of Honduras
Bath and North East Somerset Council

Bath and North East Somerset Council is the local council for the district of Bath and North East Somerset in Somerset, England.

It is a unitary authority, with the powers and functions of a non-metropolitan county and district council combined. The council consists of 59 councillors: 28 from Bath, 8 from Midsomer Norton & Radstock, 6 from Keynsham, and 17 from other areas.

History
Historically part of the county of Somerset, Bath was made a county borough in 1889 and thus was independent of the newly created administrative Somerset county council. The area that would become Bath and North East Somerset became part of Avon when that non-metropolitan county was created in 1974. When Avon was abolished in 1996, its non-metropolitan districts of Wansdyke and Bath were combined into a new unitary authority named Bath and North East Somerset, with its principal offices at Bath.

Before the Reform Act of 1832, Bath elected two members to the unreformed House of Commons. Bath now has a single parliamentary constituency, with a Liberal Democrat, Wera Hobhouse, as Member of Parliament since 2017. The rest of the council's area falls within the North East Somerset constituency. Previously, most of the area was in the Wansdyke constituency.

In 1999 the council housing in the area was transferred to the charitable Somer Community Housing Trust, which was later to become Curo.

Following a successful petition, a referendum was held in 2016 proposing a directly elected mayor for the Bath and North East Somerset district. The proposal was rejected by 78.1% of voters.

Political control
From the creation of the authority in 1995, no political party had overall control of the council until 2015. The Liberal Democrats quickly became the dominant party until the 2007 elections when the Conservative Party won 31 seats to become the largest party, though they did not have a majority. In the 2015 elections, the Conservatives won 37 seats to gain overall control of the council, then in 2019 the Liberal Democrats took control after winning 37 seats.

A boundary change in 2018 meant that the number of councillors elected in 2019 was reduced from 65 to 59, and the number of electoral wards from 37 to 33. Most wards had their boundaries adjusted so that the number of electors per councillor is roughly similar.

The number of councillors by party was:

See also
Bath and North East Somerset Council elections
Healthcare in Somerset
West of England Combined Authority

Notes and references
Notes

References

External links

Unitary authority councils of England
Local authorities in Somerset
Bath and North East Somerset
Politics of Bath and North East Somerset
Local education authorities in England
Billing authorities in England
Leader and cabinet executives
1996 establishments in England
Kansas Crew

Kansas Crew is the co-ed college rowing club for the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. The club is located on a 5,000 meter stretch of the Kansas River. Kansas Crew was established in 1977. 
 
The team is coached by Dan Jewett. Notable alumni of the team include national team rowers Rob Zechmann, David Gabel, and Jenn Jewett. The team shares facilities with the University of Kansas women's Division I rowing team at Burcham Park in Lawrence, Kansas.

References

External links
 

Rowing clubs in the United States
University of Kansas
1977 establishments in Kansas
Sports clubs and teams established in 1977
WWF Road to WrestleMania

WWF Road to WrestleMania is a video game released on the Game Boy Advance handheld console by THQ, based on the World Wrestling Federation's pay-per-view of the same name. It was the first WWF game to be released on the Game Boy Advance, and the only one released under the WWF name, as the promotion was renamed in 2002. The main part of the game is the season mode where players have to win matches to get a heavyweight championship title match.

The game was succeeded by WWE Road to WrestleMania X8.

Gameplay
The game features both single-player and multiplayer game modes, with multiplayer being available through the Game Boy Advance Gamelink cable. The single-player game modes have a variety of match types including Exhibition, Gauntlet, Season, King of the Ring, Royal Rumble, Iron Man, and Pay Per View. Due to memory and roster limit restrictions,  the Royal Rumble game mode is limited only to a maximum of 24 participants, compared to the average of 30 in its real-life variant. The season mode is incredibly similar to career modes found in other sports and wrestling games alike, which involves the player choosing a wrestler and building their career with the end goal of reaching WrestleMania, WWE's premier event of the year. Every week the player is subjected to various matches against the other competing wrestlers on the roster.

Roster

Reception

The game received "mixed" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.

See also
 List of licensed wrestling video games
 List of fighting games

References

2001 video games
Game Boy Advance games
Game Boy Advance-only games
Natsume (company) games
THQ games
Video games developed in Japan
WrestleMania video games
WWE video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Professional wrestling games
Windsor, Kentucky

Windsor is an unincorporated community in southern Casey County, Kentucky, United States. Their post office is active.

References

Unincorporated communities in Casey County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky
Munda



Munda may refer to:

Places

India
 Munda, a village in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan, India
 Munda Majra, a former village in Haryana, India
 Munda Pind, a village in Punjab, India

Pakistan
 Munda, a village near Bilyamin in Kurram Valley, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan
 Munda, Lower Dir, a union council in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan
 Munda Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan

Other places
 Munda, the Latin name of the Mondego River, the largest river in present-day Portugal
 Munda, Solomon Islands, a settlement on the island of New Georgia in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands
 Mundabullangana, Western Australia, is commonly referred to as Munda.

People
 Munda people, an ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent
 Munda peoples, list of peoples speaking Munda languages

Language
 Munda languages, a group of Austroasiatic languages in Indian subcontinent
 Mundari language, a member of the Munda language family, spoken by the Munda people

Other uses
 Battle of Munda, took place on March 17, 45 BC in the plains of Munda, modern southern Spain
 Battle of Munda Point, a World War II battle
 Munda Dam, previous name of Mohmand Dam
 Munda (Hinduism), a monster that was killed by Chamunda Devi in Hinduism
 Munda, father of Nāgadāsaka, the last ruler (437–413 BCE) of the Haryanka dynasty of Magadha in ancient India
 Munda, an early chieftain (reigned 1006–1026) of the Hoysala Empire, in modern Karnataka, India
 Munda (alga), a Eustigmatophyte, in Eustigmatales order
 Munda (insect), a genus of crickets, in the subfamily Podoscirtinae
 USS Munda, a US Navy escort aircraft carrier
 Turanga Munda, a fictional character in the animated TV series Futurama

See also
 Munda (surname)
 Mundari (disambiguation)
 Munday (disambiguation)

Language and nationality disambiguation pages
Palais Toskana

The Palais Toskana was a palace in Vienna.1

History 
It was constructed in 1867 for the Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria. The architect is unknown; the facade may have been designed by Carl Tietz. The palace was up to four stories high, and was built in neo-classic style with elaborate figural decoration in its middle part. In the back part there was a large garden which extended all the way to that of the Palais Rothschild. The palace was slightly damaged during World War II. The descendants of the archduke could not afford the repair costs and sold the estate. The palace then was torn down. For decades the palace location was used as a parking lot by employees of the ORF public broadcasting company. Recently a nondescript modern building has been erected there.

Notes
1 Address was at Argentinierstraße 29, in the IV. District Wieden

References

Toskana
Neoclassical architecture in Austria
Demolished buildings and structures in Austria
Canada at the 1906 Intercalated Games

Canada competed at the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens, Greece. Three athletes, all men, competed in four events in one sport. These games are not now considered as official Olympic games by the International Olympic Committee, and results are not included in official records and medal counts.

Medalists

Athletics

Field

References

Nations at the 1906 Intercalated Games
1906
Intercalated Games
Kampong Cham (city)

Kampong Cham (, UNGEGN:  ; ) is the capital city of Kampong Cham Province in eastern Cambodia. It is the 12th largest city in Cambodia with a population of 61,750 people (2021) and is located on the Mekong River.  Kampong Cham is 124 kilometers northeast from Phnom Penh and can be reached by either boat or by asphalt road. It takes about 2.5 hours by vehicle or 2.5 hours by boat from Phnom Penh to the city of Kampong Cham.

The city is connected to the district of Tbong khmum by the Kizuna bridge, the first in Cambodia to span the Mekong.

Administrative division 
The city is subdivided into four sangkats and 32 villages.

Politic 
The indirect election of city council in 2014 give the presidentship to CPP which has won 11 out of the 15 seats in the city council. The rest were won by CNRP.

Sport 
Kampong Cham has a great outdoor Olympic size 50 meter swimming pool with 5 and 10 meter diving boards. As of January 2020 the entry cost was $2 USD.
There is a swim club, coached by Japanese volunteers.

Climate 
The city has a tropical climate. When compared with winter, the summers have much more rainfall. This location is classified as Aw by Köppen and Geiger. The average annual temperature in Kampong Cham is 27.7 °C. Precipitation here averages 1721 mm.

See also
 Cham people
 Cham language

References

External links

Provincial capitals in Cambodia
Cities in Cambodia
Populated places in Kampong Cham province
CDisplay

CDisplay is a freeware comic book archive viewer and sequential image viewer utility for Microsoft Windows used to view images one at a time in the style of a comic book. It popularized the comic book archive file format. CDisplay was written to easily view JPEG, PNG and static GIF format images sequentially. The program was designed to be less general purpose than existing image viewer programs, and more convenient for simply viewing images sequentially.

Features
 Loads JPEG, PNG, and static GIF images which are automatically ordered alphabetically and presented for viewing one at a time or two at a time.
 The images may be viewed from a folder or collected in a .zip, .rar, .ace, or .tar archive file.
 Page through the images sequentially and scroll around pages with single key presses.
 Many automatic page sizing options including choices to display one or two pages at one time. Image resizing uses Lanczos resampling for the best picture quality.
 No bloat caused by non-essential general purpose image processing features.
 Users can view the pictures as full screen (with or without mouse pointer) or in a window.

Files
CDisplay supports Comic Book Archive files, archives of individual page images with the extension .cbr, .cbz, .cbt, or .cba; they are simply renamed RAR, ZIP, TAR, or ACE archive files. The standard icon for all comic file types extension is a comic balloon. The format was made popular by CDisplay but is now used by many other programs designed for reading comics.

CDisplay supports the display of JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, TXT,  and also SFV files which confirm that the file is not corrupt, either directly or contained within archive files.

 If a .txt file is within a folder or comic book archive file, it displays the comic's contents on file opening.
 If a .sfv file is within a folder or comic book archive file, it verifies the SFV data to confirm that the rest of the content is not corrupted.
 Automatic colour balance and yellow reduction if desired.

Development 

The program was compiled using Borland C++ Builder 5.0 and runs on 32- and 64-bit versions of Windows platforms from Windows 98 onwards.

The source code was not made available, and the program ceased to be maintained when the author died in 2003.

See also 
 Comparison of image viewers

References

External links
 CDisplay, semi-official website

Image viewers
Windows-only freeware
2003 software
Discontinued software
Choe Jong-gil

Choe Jong-gil, sometimes romanized as Tsche Chong-kil (April 28, 1931 in Gongju – October 19, 1973 in Seoul) was a professor at the Law College of Seoul National University. For years, the government denied any involvement in his death, but in 2002 the Presidential Truth Commission announced the results of its investigation: during interrogation by the KCIA he fell, or was thrown, from a seventh story window; he is also believed to have been tortured. In 2006 the government was ordered to pay 184 million won in damages; an intelligence agent who had accused him of spying for North Korea was ordered to pay an additional 20 million.

See also
History of South Korea
Human rights in South Korea

External links
Truth Commission site, in Korean and English
"State Held Liable for Academic's 1973 Defenestration", The Chosun Ilbo, February 14, 2006.
"The Final Truth About Tsche Chong Kil", the Hankyoreh, March 19, 2004.

1931 births
1973 deaths
People from Gongju
Academic staff of Seoul National University
Seoul National University alumni
George England and Co.

George England and Co. was an early English manufacturer of steam locomotives founded by the engineer George England of Newcastle upon Tyne (1811–1878). The company operated from the Hatcham Iron Works in New Cross, Surrey, and began building locomotives in 1848.

The company supplied one of the earliest tank locomotives to the contractors building the Newhaven, Sussex, branch line for the London Brighton and South Coast Railway and exhibited a design at The Great Exhibition in 1851. It also supplied locomotives to the Ffestiniog Railway, the Wantage Tramway, the Caledonian Railway, the London & Blackwall Railway, the Great Western Railway, the Somerset and Dorset Railway and the Victorian Railways amongst others.

Locomotive types

Festiniog Railway 0-4-0
The four locomotives supplied by England, in 1863/64, to the Festiniog Railway, were the first truly successful narrow gauge  engines built. Remarkably three of the four survive, much rebuilt, two still in full working order. The other, Princess, was for many years on display at Spooner's Bar in Porthmadog, although without its tender. It has since been restored cosmetically to a high standard, and has made appearances in London and elsewhere for publicity purposes.

Two more similar  engines, to an improved design, were built in 1867, one of which, Welsh Pony, survives, and bought back to steam on the 27th of June 2020. Having undergone a careful and sympathetic restoration by the Ffestiniog Railway.

Fairlie
In 1869, England built the famous Little Wonder, Fairlies Patent articulated locomotive, also for the Ffestiniog Railway.  George England's daughter, Eliza Anne, had earlier eloped with Robert Francis Fairlie, the inventor of the Fairlie locomotive. On George England's early retirement in 1869, Fairlie took over the company, in partnership with England's son George England junior, renaming it the Fairlie Engine and Steam Carriage Company, but following the death of George England Jr., in July 1870, the works were sold.

Victorian Railways 'Old' V class
Victorian Railways 'Old' V class

Preservation
 Wantage Tramway, Shannon, 0-4-0WT, preserved at Didcot Railway Centre
 Ffestiniog Railway, see: Ffestiniog Railway rolling stock

Notes and references

England
Ffestiniog Railway
News Tribune

News Tirbune may refer to:
 The News Tribune in Tacoma, Washington
 News Tribune (Jefferson City) in Jefferson City, Missouri
 News and Tribune in Jeffersonville, Indiana
 Rome News-Tribune in Rome, Georgia
Savvas Tsitouridis

Savvas Kyriakou Tsitouridis (; born 3 February 1954 in Kilkis) is a Greek politician and member of the New Democracy and former Minister for Employment and Social Protection. He studied law at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, France and Britain. Tsitouridis worked for the European Commission in Brussels from 1981 to 1990 and 1995 to 1996 on matters pertaining to agriculture, competition, state subsidies and the internal market. He has been a member of the New Democracy Central Committee since April 1994. He was elected MP in the Kilkis constituency in the general elections of 1996 - 2000 - 2004 and 2007. In June 2000, he became shadow minister for the environment, town planning and public works. In March 2004 to September 2004, he was appointed Minister for Rural Development and Food. He returned to the cabinet on 15 February 2006 as Minister for Employment and Social Protection 
(PM Kostas Karamanlis then made his first major cabinet reshuffle). He resigned from his position on 28 April 2007. 
In November 2012 he returned to his organic post at the European Commission in Brussels,  which he holds since 1981.

External links
Hellenic Parliament Website - Curriculum Vitae

Footnotes  

1954 births
Living people
People from Kilkis
New Democracy (Greece) politicians
Greek MPs 1996–2000
Greek MPs 2000–2004
Greek MPs 2004–2007
Greek MPs 2007–2009
Labour ministers of Greece
Agriculture ministers of Greece
Child model

A child model refers to a child who is employed to display, advertise and promote commercial products or to serve as a subject of works of art, such as photography, painting and sculpture.

Practice

Artists have used children as models for countless works over the centuries. Child modeling has become a distinct activity because of the explosion of commercial media over the past several decades. Many young actresses and actors, notably, Naomi Campbell, Jennifer Connelly, Katherine Heigl, Jessica Alba, Ashley Benson, Lindsay Lohan, Naya Rivera, Zendaya, Bella Thorne, Miranda Cosgrove, Hayley Kiyoko, Liv Tyler, Brooke Shields, Taylor Momsen, Peyton List, Gigi Hadid, Yara Shahidi, Maddie Ziegler, Skai Jackson, Anastasia Bezrukova, Isabella Cramp and Frankie Muniz began as child models. The book, Lisanne: A Young Model, described the life of Lisanne Falk, a colleague of Brooke Shields at the Ford modeling agency in the late 1970s. Falk, like Shields, was a relatively successful child model who posed for magazine covers, notably Seventeen, for editorial fashion layouts, and for advertising in magazines and mail-order catalogs. Both models appeared in the 1977 Sears and Montgomery Ward catalogs. Falk, like Shields, moved from modeling to movies as she became older. More recently Australian child model Morgan Featherstone has achieved worldwide success but has also attracted criticism due to her looking older than her age.

The visible success of child models who became media celebrities has led numerous children (and their parents) to pursue modeling as a part-time career. In practice, most modeling jobs go to children who have already worked as models and have developed a working relationship with a modeling agency. For prospective models, the challenge is to land the first job. This usually happens through referrals by people already involved in modeling. It is also possible to land jobs by contacting modeling agencies directly. Occasionally, a child may be "discovered" in a public place or through other grassroots means.

Competing in local and national beauty pageants
Working with local retailers for small-scale modeling
Entering mall fashion shows
Entering photo competitions.

Salary 

The amount that a child can earn is based upon the type of work they are contracted to carry out.

A photo shoot for a magazine article will generally pay around $70 per hour. Advertisement work, on the other hand, can pay out between $1,000 and $1,200 for a day's work. The child's agency will take a commission from the earnings, which will be around 20%.

See also 
 Child beauty pageant
 Junior idol

References

Modeling (profession)
Childhood
Czartoryski Palace (Vienna)

Czartoryski-Schlössel (Schlössel is roughly translatable as "small palace") was a palace called Weinhaus in the Währing district of Vienna, Austria. It was built in 1807 for the banker Friedrich Jakob van der Nüll, the legal, but not biological father of architect Eduard van der Nüll. The palace was subsequently put up for sale and purchased by Prince Czartoryski; it remained in possession of the Czartoryski family until shortly after World War I.

The three-storey-high palace was designed in the Empire style. The layout was shaped like a horseshoe, with a central part (Mitteltrakt) and two side wings. The building was set back from the street by a courtyard, protected by a wrought-iron fence with a gate. Before selling the palace, the Prince had the expensive inlaid doors and wooden floor removed and transported to his estate in Pełkinie near Jarosław, Galicia, where they were destroyed in a fire during World War I.  The palace's remaining features included the elaborate ceiling in the former library, showing depictions of mythological scenes, as well as the stucco in the former gallery.

After the palace was renovated in 1923, it re-opened as a children's home. The building suffered slight damage during World War II, and subsequently fell into neglect.  It was torn down in 1957 to make way for a modern school building, completed in 1959.

References

External links 

Palaces in Vienna
Buildings and structures in Währing
Czartoryski family
Demolished buildings and structures in Austria
Thioacetamide

Thioacetamide is an organosulfur compound with the formula C2H5NS.  This white crystalline solid is soluble in water and serves as a source of sulfide ions in the synthesis of organic and inorganic compounds.  It is a prototypical thioamide.

Research
Thioacetamide is known to induce acute or chronic liver disease (fibrosis and cirrhosis) in the experimental animal model. Its administration in rat induces hepatic encephalopathy, metabolic acidosis, increased levels of transaminases, abnormal coagulopathy, and centrilobular necrosis, which are the main features of the clinical chronic liver disease so thioacetamide can precisely replicate the initiation and progression of human liver disease in an experimental animal model.

Coordination chemistry
Thioacetamide is widely used in classical qualitative inorganic analysis as an in situ source for sulfide ions.  Thus, treatment of aqueous solutions of many metal cations to a solution of thioacetamide affords the corresponding metal sulfide:
M2+  +  CH3C(S)NH2  +  H2O   →   MS  +  CH3C(O)NH2  +  2 H+  (M = Ni, Pb, Cd, Hg)
Related precipitations occur for sources of soft trivalent cations (As3+, Sb3+, Bi3+) and monovalent cations (Ag+, Cu+).

Preparation
Thioacetamide is prepared by treating acetamide with phosphorus pentasulfide as shown in the following idealized reaction:
CH3C(O)NH2  +  1/4 P4S10   →   CH3C(S)NH2  +  1/4 P4S6O4

Structure
The C2NH2S portion of the molecule is planar;  the C-S, C-N, and C-C distances are 1.68, 1.31, and 1.50 Å, respectively. The short C-S and C-N distances indicate multiple bonding.

Safety
Thioacetamide is carcinogen class 2B.

It is known to produce marked hepatotoxicity in exposed animals. Toxicity values are 301 mg/kg in rats (LD50, oral administration), 300 mg/kg in mice (LD50, intraperitoneal administration). This is evidenced by enzymatic changes, which include elevation in the levels of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and aspartic acid.

References

 

IARC Group 2B carcinogens
Thioamides
Hepatotoxins
Palais Arnstein

Palais Arnstein was a palace in Vienna, Austria. The building was constructed in 1794-96 by the merchant  Franz Natorp. The Jewish noble Nathan Adam von Arnstein rented the palace, since Jews were not allowed to own property in the city.

The palace was hit by bombs during World War II and burned. Nevertheless, the building remained standing. At first there were plans for renovation, however the palace was demolished in 1952 for real estate speculation, and a modern building was erected in its place instead.

The Salon of Baroness Fanny von Arnstein 

Fanny von Arnstein, married to the banker Nathan,  established a salon in the Arnstein mansion, which quickly became a focus of Vienna's intellectual and cultural life. This had some effect in removing the barriers between the aristocracy, the bourgeoisie, and the Jewish citizens of Vienna. Her sister Cäcilie von Eskeles also had her own salon in Vienna. 

The palace saw many balls, concerts and literature readings. This made Baroness Arnstein very well known and highly esteemed: even Emperor Josef II called her his friend and would pay visits. During the Vienna Congress, the salon was a meeting-point for diplomats for informal talks, even hosting the likes of state chancellor Prince Metternich.

After the death of Fanny von Arnstein, her daughter Henriette von Pereira-Arnstein continued her mother's tradition as salonière.

References

Sources 
 Michaela Feurstein], Gerhard Milchram. Jüdisches Wien. Boehlau Verlag, Vienna. 2001. 

Arnstein
Buildings and structures in Innere Stadt
Jews and Judaism in Vienna
Jewish Austrian history
Houses completed in 1796
Buildings and structures demolished in 1952
1796 establishments in the Habsburg monarchy
1796 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
18th-century establishments in Austria
1952 disestablishments in Austria
Nathaniel Meserve

Nathaniel Meserve (1704–1758) was an American shipbuilder.

Meserve was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to Clement Maserve and his wife Elizabeth Jones.

On December 16, 1725, aged 21, he married Jane Libby and together they had ten children. Nathaniel Meserve would become a shipwright in his native Portsmouth, a hub of early American shipbuilding.

During King George's War Nathaniel was a lieutenant colonel in the New Hampshire Militia regiment at the 1745 capture of Fortress Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island. His shipbuilding experience allowed him to build sleds to transport the cannon over the marshy ground. In 1749 he was hired by the Royal Navy to build a 50 gun warship HMS America at his shipyard. During the French and Indian War Colonel Meserve led the New Hampshire Provincial Regiment in 1756 to Fort Edward New York and in 1757 to garrison Halifax, Nova Scotia.

In 1758 Col. Nathaniel Meserve was with General Amherst in another attack on Fortress Louisbourg because of his service in the 1745 capture of the fort. Here he contracted smallpox and died along with his eldest son.

Sources
Louisbourg: From its Founding to its Fall by J.S. McLennan, Macmillan and Co. LTD London, UK 1918
The Taking of Louisburg 1745 by Samuel Adams Drake, Lee and Shepard Publishers Boston Mass. USA 1891 (reprinted by Kessinger Publishing )

1704 births
1758 deaths
Deaths from smallpox
People of New Hampshire in the French and Indian War
People from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
American shipwrights
People of colonial New Hampshire
Infectious disease deaths in Nova Scotia
Silvestri

Silvestri is a surname of Italian origin. Noted people with this last name include:

 Alan Silvestri (born 1950), American composer
 Alessandra Silvestri-Levy (born 1972), Italo-Brazilian curator, writer and humanitarian activist
 Angelica di Silvestri (born 1965), Dominican cross-country skier of Italian origin
 Armando Silvestri (1930–20??), Italian born co-founder of the "Duron" construction company and inventor of the Fmin100 Super-flat Concrete Floor (1976).
 Carlos Silvestri (born 1972), Peruvian football manager and former player
 Charles Anthony Silvestri (born 1965), American poet, lyricist and historian
 Constantin Silvestri (1913–1969), Romanian conductor
 Cristian Silvestri (born 1975), Italian footballer
 Daniele Silvestri (born 1968), Italian singer-songwriter and musician
 Dave Silvestri (born 1967), American baseball player
 Davide Silvestri (born 1980), Italian cyclist
 Debora Silvestri (born 1998), Italian professional racing cyclist
 Enrico Silvestri (1896–1977), Italian Alpini officer and skier
 Federico Silvestri (born 1963), Italian swimmer
 Fernando Silvestri (1896–1959), Italian Air Force general 
 Filippo Silvestri (1873–1949), Italian entomologist
 Graciela Silvestri (born 1954), Argentine architect and professor
 Jacobelli Silvestri, (died 1516), Italian Roman Catholic bishop
 Jacopo Silvestri (15th century – 16th century), Italian cryptographer and author
 Ken Silvestri (1916–1992), American baseball player
 Lorenzo De Silvestri (born 1988), Italian footballer
 Louis Silvestri, bass singer with the original Four Aces
 Luigi Silvestri (born 1993), Italian professional footballer
 Marc Silvestri (born 1958), American comic book artist
 Marco Silvestri (born 1991), Italian footballer
 Marco Silvestri (born 1999), Italian footballer
 Max Silvestri (born 1983), American stand-up comedian
 Nicola Silvestri, (born 1985), Italian footballer
 Orazio Silvestri (1835–1890), Italian geologist and volcanologist
 Orlando Silvestri (born 1972), American football player
 Paolo Silvestri (born 1967), Italian freestyle skier
 Papirio Silvestri (1592–1659), Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Macerata e Tolentino
 Peter N. Silvestri (born 1957), a village president of Elmwood Park and a commissioner of Cook County, Illinois
 Russ Silvestri (born 1961), American sailor
 Tommaso Silvestri (born 1990), Italian footballer
 Umberto Silvestri (1915–2009), Italian wrestler

See also
 Silvestrii (disambiguation) 
 Silvestris (disambiguation)

External links
Distribution of Silvestri surname

Surnames
Italian-language surnames
Patronymic surnames
Surnames from given names
Zama Lake

Zama Lake is a large lake in Mackenzie County, in north-western Alberta, Canada.

Major Ernest Wilson Hubbell, Chief Inspector of the Dominion Land Survey, recorded the name "Zammah River" in his field notes as the transliteration of the name of a Slavey Chief (Slavey Indians are now known as the Dene Tha' First Nation). The Geographic Board of Canada recorded the name "Zama River" on 4 July 1922 without explanation for the spelling change. The lake seems to be named in the same fashion and was named on 6 November 1944. The Dene Tha' do not use the name "Zama Lake", but use names in the Slavey language to identify the lake; some use K’ah Woti Túé (“Main Blind Lake” referring to a hunting blind) and others use Tulonh Mieh (“Where the Water Ends”).

The lake is located approximately  northeast of Rainbow Lake and  west northwest of High Level, at the confluence of Zama River and Hay River. The lake covers  and forms an intricate river, lakes, and wetland system. The Hay-Zama Lakes complex is a Ramsar site for its importance to spring and fall migrating ducks and geese. As many as 250,000 ducks and geese use the lakes during the fall migration.

A small hamlet, Zama City is located approximately  north of the lake and the unincorporated community of Chateh in the Hay Lake 209 Indian reserve of the Dene Tha' First Nation is also located south of the lake.

References

Lakes of Alberta
Mackenzie County
Anastasios Papaligouras

Anastasios Papaligouras (; born 14 April 1948) is a Greek lawyer and New Democracy politician and was Minister for Mercantile Marine and Island Policy.

Born in Athens, Papaligouras studied law at the University of Athens and took a Masters in Comparative European Law at Brunel University, London. He was leader of ONNED (the New Democracy youth organisation) from 1976 to 1977. From 1976 to 1978, he was a member of the New Democracy Executive Committee, and from 1976 to 1981 he was a member of the New Democracy Administrative Committee. He was elected MP for Korinthia in the general elections of 1981, 1985, 1993, 1996 and 2000.

Following New Democracy's victory in the 2004 parliamentary election, Papaligouras became Minister for Justice in the new government of Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis on 10 March 2004. He was replaced by Sotirios Hatzigakis in the government sworn in on 19 September 2007. On September 12, 2008, Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis decided to give him the portfolio of the Ministry for Mercantile Marine and Island Policy, because of the resignation of the former Minister.

He was married to Zaira Ralli, daughter of Prime Minister Georgios Rallis, and has a daughter. Anastasios Papaligouras is the son of the right-wing politician  who was appointed minister many times between 1949 and 1976 (Coordination and Plan, Foreign Affairs, Agriculture).

References

1948 births
Living people
Politicians from Athens
New Democracy (Greece) politicians
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni
Alumni of Brunel University London
20th-century Greek lawyers
Greek MPs 1981–1985
Greek MPs 1985–1989
Greek MPs 1993–1996
Greek MPs 1996–2000
Greek MPs 2000–2004
Greek MPs 2004–2007
Greek MPs 2007–2009
Justice ministers of Greece
Lawyers from Athens