alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa

King-to Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa (), commonly known as Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa or simply Nin Jiom Herbal Cough Syrup, is a traditional Chinese natural herbal remedy used for the relief of sore throat, coughs, hoarseness and aphonia. It is a throat demulcent and expectorant.

Naming
In the name of the company, king-to () means "capital", referring to Beijing, and nin jiom () means "in memory of my mother"; hence, it stresses the important virtue of filial piety. Pei pa koa () means "loquat syrup".

The product is marketed under the brand name Cap Ibu dan Anak (Malay for "Mother and Son Brand", referring to the brand's logo) in Malaysia and Indonesia, also acronymed as OBIDA (as in Obat Batuk Ibu dan Anak) in the latter country.

History
The formula for pei pa koa was reportedly created by Dr. Ip Tin-See, a Ch'ing Dynasty physician born in 1680. Yang Chin, a county commander, asked Doctor Ip to treat his mother's persistent cough. They were so impressed that they created a factory to mass-produce it. In 1946, the Yang family sold the business to Tse Sui-Bong, a medicine practitioner, who founded the Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory. The company was formally incorporated in 1962, and continue to manufacture and sell the product worldwide. 
The headquarters of the company is located in Hong Kong and Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Availability and marketing of the product expanded in the 1980s, and today it is easily found in North America, most often in Chinese groceries and herbal stores.

Pei pa koa had annual sales of HK$350 million in 2014.

Effectiveness

A study at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine published in a 1994 article, "Pharmacological studies of nin jion pei pa koa", states that Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa had significant cough relieving and sputum removing effects. In four acute or sub-acute inflammatory models, the anti-inflammatory effect was marked.

Composition
Pei pa koa is made up of a blend of herbal ingredients including the fritillary bulb (Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, ), loquat leaf (Eriobotrya japonica, ), fourleaf ladybell root (Adenophora tetraphylla, ), Indian bread (Wolfiporia extensa), ), pomelo peel (Citrus maxima, ), chinese bellflower root (Platycodon grandiflorum, ), pinellia rhizome (Pinellia ternata, ), Schisandra seed (Schisandra chinensis, ), Trichosanthes seed (Trichosanthes kirilowii, ), coltsfoot flower (Tussilago farfara, ), Thinleaf Milkwort root (Polygala tenuifolia, ), bitter apricot kernel (Prunus armeniaca, ), fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale, ), licorice root (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, ), and menthol in a syrup and honey base.

See also
 Cough medicine

References

External links
Official company site

Traditional Chinese medicine
Comparison of communication satellite operators

The following is a list of the world's largest fixed service satellite operators in the world.  Comparison data is from different time periods and sources and may not be directly comparable.

Note: Revenue in U.S. Dollars

References

 Link to 2005 numbers as pdf
 Link to 2007 numbers as pdf
 Link to 2008 numbers as pdf

External links

 2001 numbers 
 2002 numbers 
 2003 numbers  together with other space firms (total 50) firms reviewed 
 2004 numbers  reviewed in this page from Space News

Largest fixed satellite operators
Space lists
Communication satellite operators
Tom Marshall (basketball)

John Thomas Marshall (born January 6, 1931) is an American former basketball player and coach. He graduated from Mount Juliet High School in Mt. Juliet, Tennessee. He was a star at Western Kentucky University in the 1950s, where he was a two-time All-American. His number 41 is one of only six retired at Western Kentucky.  He was named to the OVC Half-Century Team and the OVC 40th Anniversary team. A 6'4" forward, he was drafted by the Rochester Royals with the seventh pick of the 1954 NBA draft.  After a promising rookie season, he was drafted into the Army and missed the 1955–56 season. In a four-year NBA career, he played for the Royals (in both Rochester and Cincinnati), as well as for the Detroit Pistons.  In his final year as a player (1958–59) he served as a player-coach; then coached the Cincinnati Royals for one additional season (1959–60) after retiring from playing.

Career statistics

NBA
Source

Regular season

Playoffs

References

External links
 Basketball-Reference.com: Tom Marshall (as player)
 Basketball-Reference.com: Tom Marshall (as coach)

1931 births
Living people
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Tennessee
Basketball players from Tennessee
Cincinnati Royals head coaches
Detroit Pistons players
People from Mount Juliet, Tennessee
Sportspeople from the Nashville metropolitan area
Player-coaches
Rochester Royals draft picks
Rochester Royals players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball players
Distant Plastic Trees

Distant Plastic Trees is the debut studio album by American indie pop band The Magnetic Fields, released in 1991. Lead vocals on the album are performed by Susan Anway.

The album is noteworthy for its stripped down sound and largely synthesized instrumentation. Stephin Merritt himself described the album as a "small record, intentionally small" and heavily inspired by Young Marble Giants.

The song "Babies Falling" is a cover of a song by The Wild Stares.

Release 
Distant Plastic Trees was originally released in Japan and the United Kingdom on the RCA Victor and Red Flame labels, respectively. The album was released in the United States on the band's own imprint, PoPuP.

Merge Records reissued the album in 1994 as a double album compilation with the band's second album, The Wayward Bus. The song "Plant White Roses" was omitted from the Merge reissue.

Reception
The New Rolling Stone Album Guide wrote that the first two albums "showcase sexually ambiguous lyrics, loopy arrangements, and the disaffected voice of Susan Anway ... But they also suffer from an air of inconsequentiality." Trouser Press wrote that "the baroque pop structures of songs like 'Smoke Signals' are redolent of the classics Merritt clearly holds dear, but his impressionistic wordplay — which often alights on bracing, upsetting images — seldom settles into simple cliché."

Track listing

Personnel
Stephin Merritt – songwriting, instrumentation and production

Additional personnel
Susan Anway – lead vocals
Ken Michaels – engineering
Wendy Smith – album cover
Art Daly – insert photo

References

The Magnetic Fields albums
1991 debut albums
RCA Victor albums
Lo-fi (disambiguation)

Lo-fi (also spelt lofi), short for low fidelity, is sound quality lower than usual contemporary standards, and usually refers to lo-fi music.

Lo-fi or lofi may also refer to:
 "Lo-Fi", an episode of Criminal Minds (season 3)
 Lofi, a Unix loop device
 Lo-fi (audio), referring to the more technical aspects of fidelity in audio
 Lofi Girl, a YouTube channel featuring an animated character of the same name
 Lofi hip hop, a downtempo genre
 Lo-fi photography, photographic practices giving an impression of low quality

See also

Chill-out music, characterized by slow tempos and relaxed moods
 List of lo-fi musicians
Lazarus Salii

Lazarus Eitaro Salii (17 November 1936 – 20 August 1988) was a politician from Palau. He served as the second elected President of Palau from 25 October 1985 until his death by suicide on 20 August 1988, amid bribery allegations.

Salii was elected to the Senate of Micronesian Congress. He was involved in the Palau Constitutional Convention of 1978. After the Constitution took effect in 1981, he became an ambassador. As ambassador, he was given wide-ranging authority to negotiate with the U.S. ambassador. He was ambassador until 1984, when he became a senator, representing Koror in the Palau National Congress.

When President Haruo Remeliik was assassinated on 30 June 1985, Salii was elected in August to finish his term of office (although Thomas Remengesau and then Alfonso Oiterong served in the interim). Following his suicide by gunshot in 1988, he was succeeded by Vice President Remengesau as president for the remainder of his term, followed by Ngiratkel Etpison as the fifth president.

He was the elder brother of Carlos Salii.

References

1936 births
1988 deaths
Politicians who died by suicide
Members of the Senate of Palau
Presidents of Palau
Suicides in Palau
Heads of state who committed suicide
People from Angaur
Deaths by firearm in Palau
Ambassadors of Palau
Members of the Congress of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
20th-century Palauan politicians
Vanilla Mood

is a Japanese musical ensemble associated with Rising Production, consisting of members Keiko (piano, keyboard, vocals), Yui (violin), and Mariko (cello).

Members

Current members

 Keiko — piano, keyboard, vocals
 Yui — violin
  — cello

Former members

 Emilee — violin
 Waka — flute

Discography

Extended plays

Singles

References

External links
 

Japanese pop music groups
Avex Group artists
Death Valley Airport

Death Valley Airport may refer to:

Furnace Creek Airport, in Death Valley National Park, California, United States (FAA: L06)
Stovepipe Wells Airport, in Death Valley National Park, California, United States (FAA: L09)
Bank officer

A bank officer is an employee of a bank endowed with the legal capacity to agree to and sign documents on behalf of the institution. The title is usually held by branch managers, assistant managers, loan officers, and other experienced personnel. Executives and others holding titles such as "vice president" are considered officers of the bank for legal purposes.

The title is also used to designate those branch personnel who act in a supervisory capacity. In larger banks, an officer at the branch level sometimes reviews accounts and makes decisions on whether to honour NSF items or to return them. Such decisions are usually left up to those who are legally responsible to act on behalf of the bank.

See also
 Bank
 Executive officer
 Chief financial officer

Banking terms
Prediction theory of law

The prediction theory of law was a key component of the Oliver Wendell Holmes's jurisprudential philosophy.  At its most basic, the theory is an attempted refutation of most previous definitions of the law.  Holmes believed that the law should be defined as a prediction, most specifically, a prediction of how the courts behave.  His rationale was based on an argument regarding the opinion of a "bad man."  Bad men, Holmes argued in his speech "The Path of the Law", care little for ethics or lofty conceptions of natural law; instead they care simply about staying out of jail and avoiding the payment of damages.  In Holmes's mind, therefore, it was most useful to define "the law" as a prediction of what will bring punishment or other consequences from a court.

The theory played a key role in influencing American legal realism.

H. L. A. Hart criticized the theories in his The Concept of Law (1961). He argued that (1) they were blind to the internal point of view towards law, the sense shared by officials and law-abiding citizens that rules of law 'ought' to be obeyed, and (2) they undervalue "the ways in which the law is used to control, to guide, and to plan life out of court." As for the 'bad man', Hart asks, "Why should not law be equally if not more concerned with the 'puzzled man' or 'ignorant man' who is willing to do what is required, if only he can be told what it is? Or with the 'man who wishes to arrange his affairs' if only he can be told how to do it?"

See also

Judicial activism
Pragmatism
Rule according to higher law
Rational egoism

Notes

References 

 Hart, H.L.A. The Concept of Law. 1961: Clarendon Press.

Theories of law
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
The Wayward Bus (album)

The Wayward Bus is the second studio album by American indie pop band The Magnetic Fields, released in 1992 by the band's own label, PoPuP Records.

As with the band's first release, Distant Plastic Trees, Susan Anway sings lead vocals on The Wayward Bus. The Wayward Bus is the last album featuring Anway, as she left the band to move interstate; Stephin Merritt subsequently assumed vocal duties.

Merritt composed all of the album's songs but collaborated with a number of other musicians in recording the album, and they play various acoustic instruments. The Wayward Bus is unlike Distant Plastic Trees in this regard; the earlier album was synthesiser-based, and this synthesised instrumentation was performed exclusively by Merritt.

Merritt acknowledged the influence of Phil Spector on the first half of the album: "It's a comment about Phil Spector songs. The second half is whatever I had lying around. Most people listen just to the first half of the record and assume it's all like that, a Phil Spector tribute or something, which it really isn't."

The front cover was painted by Wendy Smith, the girlfriend of Stuart Moxham from Young Marble Giants, and the title of the album is taken from the John Steinbeck novel The Wayward Bus.

Release 
In 1994, The Wayward Bus was released by Merge Records in a compilation with Distant Plastic Trees. In 2016, Merge reissued this compilation as a double LP set.

Track listing

Personnel
Stephin Merritt – songwriting, instrumentation and production
Claudia Gonson – cocktail drums
Sam Davol – cello

Additional personnel
Susan Anway – vocals
Johny Blood – tuba, horns
Wendy Smith – album cover

References

The Magnetic Fields albums
1992 albums
Merge Records albums
Manduca hannibal

Manduca hannibal is a moth of the  family Sphingidae.

Distribution 
It is found from Mexico, Belize, Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Suriname, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil, Bolivia and north-eastern Argentina.

Description 
The wingspan is 99–114 mm. There is a whitish subbasal band on the hindwing upperside and a generally rather large dirty white patch within the black central band near the anal angle.

Biology 
There are multiple generations per year in Costa Rica, with adults recorded year round except January and March. In Bolivia, adults have been recorded in February, April, August, October and December.

The larvae feed on Aegiphila martinicensis.

Subspecies
Manduca hannibal hannibal (from Mexico, Belize, Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Surinam, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil and Bolivia)
Manduca hannibal hamilcar (Boisduval, 1875) (Brazil and north-eastern Argentina)
Manduca hannibal mayeri (Mooser, 1940) (Mexico)

References

Manduca
Moths described in 1779
Taxa named by Pieter Cramer
Alfonso Oiterong

Alfonso Rebochong Oiterong (9 October 1924 – 30 August 1994) was a politician from Palau who served as the country's Vice President from 1981 to 1985. Despite internal problems in Palau during the Remeliik administration, Oiterong was perceived as an honest, capable and dedicated civil servant. In addition of the vice presidential post, he was the minister of state aka minister of foreign affairs. 

When President Haruo Remeliik was assassinated, Oiterong returned from New York to Palau on 2 July to take office of the President. He served as President from 2 July to 25 October 1985. Oiterong lost the 1985 special election to Lazarus Salii.

References

1924 births
1994 deaths
Presidents of Palau
Vice presidents of Palau
Foreign Ministers of Palau
20th-century Palauan politicians
From a Buick 6

"From a Buick 6" is a song by Bob Dylan from his album Highway 61 Revisited, which was also released as a single on the B-side of "Positively 4th Street". It was recorded on July 30, 1965.

Musical style
The song is a raucous blues song played recklessly by a band that included Al Kooper on organ and Mike Bloomfield on guitar. The guitar part is patterned after older blues riffs by Robert Johnson, Charlie Patton and Big Joe Williams. It also features a backbeat from drummer Bobby Gregg, a bass line from Harvey Brooks, and a soaring harmonica break. The song starts with a snare shot that is similar to the opening song of Highway 61 Revisited, "Like a Rolling Stone". It is essentially a 12-bar blues pattern, played with power chords, and is notable for Brooks' almost indiscernible substitution of an F in the tenth bar of all but the first verses, while the guitar and organ play the G-chord.

The song is partially based on Sleepy John Estes' 1930 song "Milk Cow Blues", even taking a few lyrics from the older song, but its approach is more similar to The Kinks' version of a Kokomo Arnold song that was also called "Milk Cow Blues".

Cash Box described it as a "rollicking, fast-moving blues-drenched folk rocker."

Legacy

 "From a Buick 6" has been covered by musicians such as Gary U.S. Bonds, Mitch Ryder, Treat Her Right, Mike Wilhelm, Alex Taylor and Johnny Winter.
 G. E. Smith performed "From a Buick 6" with Booker T. & The M.G.'s during the tribute concert for Dylan's 30th anniversary as a recording artist on October 16, 1992, at Madison Square Gardens in New York City. 
 The name of a 2002 novel by Stephen King, From a Buick 8 is adapted from the title of this song.
 The Billy Bragg song "From a Vauxhall Velox" on the 1984 album Brewing Up with Billy Bragg was written as a response to "From a Buick 6".

References

External links
Lyrics at Bob Dylan's official website

Bob Dylan songs
Songs written by Bob Dylan
1965 songs
Song recordings produced by Bob Johnston
Columbia Records singles
American garage rock songs
Puzhavathu

Puzhavathu is a neighbourhood in Changanasserry, in Kerala state. It is 1 km from Changanasserry bus stand and 2.5 km from railway station.

Religion
The place is known for the number of places of worship: Kavil Bhagavathi Temple, The Changanacherry Metropolitan Church and the Pazhayapally Muslim jama ath (Juma masjid) are situated less than 100m apart. Other temples include The Ananthapuram Sree Krishna Temple, The Vettadi Temple, The Mutharamma Temple, and The Vaikunteswara Santhanagopala Murthi Temple.

Notable people
Puzhavathu is the birthplace of the music director / playback singer Sree L.P.R. Varma.

Ex-Finance minister of Kerala, Shri. N Bhaskaran Nair also hails from Puzhavathu. He was the Minister for Finance and Health from 12-10-1979 to 01-12-1979. He was also the President of Nair Service Society and the Travancore Devaswom Board. Under his helm as the President of Travancore Devaswom Board, many facilities were set up in Sabarimala and various temples. He had also authored various books. He died on 30 August 1998 at his residence in Puzhavathu.

Rtd. Music College Professor K. Janardanan, an acclaimed Carnatic Music Vocalist. His formal music studies originated from the Swati Thirunal Music College, Thiruvananthapuram, chiefly under the tutelage of the late Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer. He had served as Senior Professor in RLV Music College, Tripunithura and Swati Thirunal Music College. He was A Grade Vocal Artist of All India Radio. He died on 2 July 2013 at his residence in Puzhavathu.

Landmarks
The newly constructed Revenue Tower
The Changanasserry Govt. High School, 
 Alummoodu School
 Nair School
Changanasserry courts
Lakshmipuram Palace

References

Villages in Kottayam district
Changanassery
Ngiratkel Etpison

Ngiratkel Etpison (3 May 1925 – 1 August 1997) was a politician and businessman from Palau. Etpison was elected President in 1988 and served from 1989 until 1993, becoming the country’s first elected president to serve a full term in office.

Election 
Before the 1988 elections, Etpison was a businessman and governor of Ngatpang State with limited political experience. He also did not speak English. 

He was elected the country's president in the 1988 elections, the final elections conducted under a plurality voting system, in which he received just 26% of the votes cast, defeating opponent Roman Tmetuchl by a margin of 31 votes. The near-tie led elections in Palau to be reformed, and after that they were conducted under majority voting, with a second round if no candidate received more than half of all votes cast. He served from 1 January 1989 to 1 January 1993.  He ran again in the 1992 elections, but attracted just 2,084 votes compared to rivals Johnson Toribiong with 3,188 votes and Kuniwo Nakamura with 3,125 votes.

Presidency
Ngiratkel Etpison was the first president that survived his entire presidency. (Haruo Remeliik was murdered and Lazarus Salii committed suicide by shooting, both while in office.)

While in office, Etpison proposed a request to the United States of America to grant Palau independence from its 43-year U.N. trusteeship. Because of the Palauan constitutional requirement of achieving a 75% majority vote, the initial proposal was overturned. This proposal would later develop into the Compact of Free Association, an agreement with the United States that would grant independence to the Republic of Palau. The Compact of Free Association was approved by the United States in 1994 under Kuniwo Nakamura after negotiating a 50-year stimulus plan to support Palau's founding of its new Republic in exchange for military assets in land.

Business work
Ngiratkel Etpison founded the NECO group of companies in 1945. He started by using a Japanese scrapped generator to make ice candy, later becoming one of the prominent businessmen of Palau. He started the first tourist and sightseeing business in the 1970s, and in 1984 opened Palau Pacific Resort, Palau's most luxurious beach resort.

He died on Aug 1, 1997 in California, United States. His daughter Mandy T. Etpison managing his museum and she is the current director of the museum.

References

1925 births
1997 deaths
People from Koror
Presidents of Palau
Lester Harrison

Lester Harrison may refer to:
 Les Harrison (basketball)
 Lester Harrison (serial killer)

See also
 Les Harrison (disambiguation)
The House of Tomorrow (album)

The House of Tomorrow EP is the third major release by The Magnetic Fields, and the first with Stephin Merritt as the main vocalist. Merge Records reissued it in 1996. The EP's five songs are built on both musical and vocal repetition, so much so that the sleeve reads "five loop songs" as a pun on "five love songs".

Track listing

Personnel
Stephin Merritt - guitar and vocals
Claudia Gonson - drums and vocals
Sam Davol - cello

Additional personnel
Phylene Amuso – bass guitar
Nell Beram - guitar

References

1992 debut EPs
The Magnetic Fields albums
Merge Records EPs
Sandra Pierantozzi

Sandra Sumang Pierantozzi (born 9 August 1953 in Koror) is a Palauan politician. She served as the country's Vice-President from 19 January 2001 to 1 January 2005. Pierantozzi was defeated by Camsek Chin in the 2 November 2004 vice-presidential election, winning only 28.9% of the vote.

Biographical details 

Pierantozzi was born in Palau and holds degrees from San Diego State University, the University of Hawaii and Union College in Lincoln, Nebraska.

She was elected a Senator from 1996-2001 and during that time she was the floor leader. In the 2000 vice-presidential elections, she was elected Vice President of Palau. She held this position from January 2001 January 2005.

Pierantozzi also served in a number of appointed ministerial posts. From 1992 to 1993, she was Minister of Administration. Again from 2001 to 2002 , she was Minister of Finance of Palau. From 2001 to 2005, she was Minister of Health. And from 2009 to 2010 she was Minister of State, in charge of foreign and domestic affairs and international trade.

She served as Senator for the last 6 months of the vacant seat left by the late Senator Katharine Kesolei, who died in October 2015. The special election in which Sandra Pierantozzi won was held in December 2015.

She serves as honorary consul of the Czech Republic in Palau.

References 

1953 births
Living people
Vice presidents of Palau
Female foreign ministers
Finance ministers of Palau
Health ministers of Palau
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa alumni
San Diego State University alumni
Union College (Nebraska) alumni
Members of the Senate of Palau
Women government ministers of Palau
People from Koror
21st-century Palauan politicians
Female finance ministers
Female interior ministers
Foreign Ministers of Palau
Palauan women diplomats
Women vice presidents
21st-century Palauan women politicians
Eugenes

Eugenes is usually considered a monotypic genus with its sole member the magnificent hummingbird (E. fulgens).

Species
The genus contains two species:

References

External links

 
Bird genera
Seriation (semiotics)

The term seriation [mise en série] was proposed for use in semiotics by Jean Molino and derived from classical philology. Seriation "invokes the idea that any investigator, in order to assign some plausible meaning to a given phenomenon, must interpret it within a series of comparable phenomena." One cannot interpret what philology calls a hapax; that is, an isolated phenomenon. Art historian Erwin Panofsky has explained the situation in very clear terms:
'Whether we deal with historical or natural phenomena, the individual observation of phenomena assumes the character of a 'fact' only when it can be related to other, analogous observations in such a way that the whole series 'makes sense.' This 'sense' is, therefore, fully capable of being applied, as a control, to the interpretation of a new individual observation within the same range of phenomena. If, however, this new individual observation definitely refuses to be interpreted according to the 'sense' of the series, and if an error proves to be impossible, the 'sense' of the series will have to be reformulated to include the new individual observation' (1955, p. 35)" (1990, pp. 230–231).

A seriation is determined by the plot.

Sources
Molino, Jean (1974). Cited in Nattiez (1990).
Nattiez, Jean-Jacques (1990). Music and Discourse: Toward a Semiology of Music (Musicologie générale et sémiologue, 1987). Translated by Carolyn Abbate (1990). .
Panofsky, Erwin (1955). Cited in Nattiez (1990).

Semiotics
Prakash Puram

Prakash Puram (born 1954) is the former President and CEO of the former small business iXmatch, and a former member of former President Bush's Export Council.

Biography

Education 
He received a Bachelor of Science degree from Loyola College, Chennai, India; a Business Management diploma from Xavier Labour Relations Institute, Jamshedpur, India; an MBA from the University of Minnesota; and a Master of Public Administration from Harvard University. Prakash serves on the advisory board of the University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management Center for Entrepreneurial Studies.

Career 
Puram has had leadership and product management roles at Net Perceptions, Honeywell, IBM, Pillsbury, and Unilever.

On September 22, 2006 U.S. President George W. Bush nominated Puram to be a member of the President's Export Council. Following a breakfast with Federal Reserve Bank Chairman Alan Greenspan, Puram and other new members were sworn-in on December 6, 2005 by U.S. Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez who administered the oath of Office. White House Chief of Staff, Andrew H. Card, Jr., attended the swearing-in ceremony, representing the President.

References

External links 
 http://www.ixmatch.com/board.html
 http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/09/20050922-3.html
 http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/pec/privsectormems.html
 http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/pec/tpandnsub.html
 http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/pec/index.html
 http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/pec/12605Agenda.html
 http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/pec/executivebranchmems.html
 http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/23310&EDATE=
 http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011120070401/http://www.pfdf.org/leaderbooks/l2l/fall2000/austin.html
 http://www.ixmatch.com/prakash_appointment_PEC.html
 http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/pec/12605transcript.html

1955 births
Carlson School of Management alumni
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Indian emigrants to the United States
Living people
American people of Indian descent
XLRI – Xavier School of Management alumni
Israel Gay Youth

Israel Gay Youth (IGY) (, Irgun Noar Ge'eh, lit. "Proud Youth Organization"; , Igy, "IGY") was founded in 2001 in Israel as a non-profit NGO, branching off from the Israeli Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Association.

Overview 
Israel Gay Youth (IGY) is a voluntary Israeli NGO for lesbian, gay, bisexual, asexual, pansexual, queer, and transgender youth, as well as young people questioning their sexual orientation and their gender identity. IGY provides a social framework for youth to meet and advocates for LGBT youth in Israel. The organization operates in 22 cities and towns in Israel for over 1,500 youth annually. Additional programs include a youth club in Tel Aviv, leadership programs, topic groups (such as groups for HIV positive youth) and Nir Program, named after Nir Katz, a victim of the shooting at the Bar Noar LGBT youth club in 2009. The organization is recognized and supported by the local Ministry of Education.

History 
Social activities for youth were held by the National Association of GLBT in Israel ("The Aguda") during the 1990s. In 2001, IGY was established within the Aguda by Yaniv Waizmann, operating at first mostly in Tel Aviv and nearby cities. The organization became independent in 2004 by Yaniv Waizmann and Gal Uchovsky. In the coming years, IGY increased activity and expanded its geographical range, including to peripheral cities and towns in the south and north of the country. In 2010, the Ministry of Education recognized volunteer work in the organization as part of the mandatory volunteer hours in Israeli high schools.

Today, Waizmann functions as IGY's chairperson. Additional leaders include Gal Uchovsky, and Avner Dafni who serves as executive director. Offices are located in the Gay Community Center in Tel Aviv. The organization is one of the largest in the local LGBT community, collaborating extensively with Tehila, and organization of parents and friends of LGBT, and Hoshen (Israeli GLSEN), the community's education center.

List of cities and towns 
The organization is active in Kiryat Shmona, Karmiel, Haifa, HaKrayot, Jezreel Valley, Afula, Hadera, Kfar Saba, Netanya, Herzliya, Hod HaSharon, Petah Tikva, Rosh HaAyin, Tel Aviv, Ramat Gan, Kiryat Ono, Holon, Bat Yam, Rishon LeZion, Rehovot, Ramla-Lod, Modi'in, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Kiryat Gat, Be'er Sheva and Eilat.

Additional groups include "IGY stars" a drama class (now inactive), Religious groups in collaboration with Hevruta and Bat-Kol; "IGY Ambassadors", an educational group in collaboration with Hoshen; HIV-positive group and a youth club which operates in the Israeli Gay Community Center. Additional collaborations include the youth groups of Jerusalem House for Pride and Tolerance.

See also 
 2009 Tel Aviv gay centre shooting
 Tehila

References

External links 
 Israel Gay Youth (IGY) – website

LGBT youth organizations based in Israel
Organizations established in 2002
LGBT organizations in Israel
Stagville

Stagville Plantation is located in Durham County, North Carolina.  With buildings constructed from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century, Stagville was part of one of the largest plantation complexes in the American South.  The entire complex was owned by the Bennehan, Mantack and Cameron families; it comprised roughly  and was home to almost 900 enslaved African Americans in 1860.

The remains of Historic Stagville consist of , in three tracts, and provides a unique look at North Carolina's history and general infrastructure in the antebellum South. Among structures on the Stagville site are several historic houses and barns, including the original Bennehan House and some of the original slave quarters, which were in an area known as Horton Grove.

The Bennehan House, built 1787 with a large addition in 1799, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973; Horton Grove, an area of two-story slave residences built in 1850, was listed in 1978.  The slave residences are well preserved and are the only two-story slave quarters remaining in North Carolina.  Significant archaeological finds around the quarters have given archaeologists and historians a glimpse into the lives of the many enslaved people who lived and worked at Stagville and throughout the Bennehan-Cameron holdings.

In 1976, Liggett and Meyers Tobacco Company, which had owned and worked the land for decades, donated some of the acreage to the state of North Carolina, which now operates the property as Historic Stagville State Historic Site, a historic house museum, which belongs to the North Carolina Department  of Natural and Cultural Resources.

Notes

External links
  Historic Stagville - official site
 North Carolina Historic Site: Historic Stagville
 The Plantation Letters Project: Selections from Cameron Family Letters

Sources 

 Anderson, Jean Bradley. Piedmont Plantation: The Bennehan-Cameron Family and Lands in North Carolina. Durham: Historic Preservation Society, 1985
 Anderson, Jean Bradley. A History of Durham County, North Carolina. Durham: Duke University Press, 1991

Archaeological sites in North Carolina
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
North Carolina in the American Civil War
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Historic house museums in North Carolina
Plantation houses in North Carolina
Open-air museums in North Carolina
Museums in Durham County, North Carolina
Georgian architecture in North Carolina
North Carolina State Historic Sites
National Register of Historic Places in Durham County, North Carolina
Houses in Durham County, North Carolina
Slave cabins and quarters in the United States
2001 Men's Hockey Champions Challenge

The 2001 Men's Hockey Champions Challenge took place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from December 7 to December 15, 2001.

Participating nations were Argentina, Belgium, host Malaysia, India, Japan, and South Africa. The winner earned a spot at the 2002 Champions Trophy in Cologne, Germany.

India defeated South Africa 2–1 in the final to win the competition.


Squads

Head Coach: Jorge Ruiz

Head Coach: Cedric d'Souza

Head Coach: Paul Lissek

Head Coach: Rob Pullen

Results

Pool

Classification

Fifth place game

Third place game

Final

Statistics

Final ranking

Awards

See also
2001 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy

External links
 1st Men's Challenge Hockey from Rediff.com
Official FIH Reports

Champions Challenge
Hockey Champions Challenge
International field hockey competitions hosted by Malaysia
Men's Hockey Champions Challenge I
Hockey Champions Challenge
Sports competitions in Kuala Lumpur
2000s in Kuala Lumpur
Ethenzamide

Ethenzamide (2-ethoxybenzamide) is a common analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug that is used for the relief of fever, headaches, and other minor aches and pains. It is also an ingredient in numerous cold medications and many prescription analgesics. It is used as an over-the-counter drug in Japan, often in combination with caffeine and acetaminophen, where it is marketed for uses including toothache, menstrual cramps, headache, and fever.

It is metabolized in vivo into salicylamide.

References 

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Benzamides
Phenol ethers
Manduca albiplaga

Manduca albiplaga, the white-plaqued sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It was first described by Francis Walker in 1856.

Distribution 
Its range is from Brazil to southern Mexico, although a stray has been recorded as far north as Kansas.

Description 
Its wingspan is 120–180 mm.

Biology 
The larvae feed on plants of the family Boraginaceae and some in the family Annonaceae including Rollinia deliciosa.

References

External links
White-plagued sphinx Moths of North America

Manduca
Moths of North America
Moths of South America
Moths described in 1856
Shek Pik Reservoir

Shek Pik Reservoir () is a reservoir in Shek Pik on Lantau Island in Hong Kong. Built between 1957 and 1963, it has a storage capacity of 24 million cubic metres and is the third largest reservoir in Hong Kong after High Island Reservoir and Plover Cove Reservoir.

Location
Shek Pik Reservoir is located within Lantau South Country Park. It is surrounded by the following areas: Kau Nga Ling (east), Keung Shan (west), Muk Yue Shan and Sz Tsz Tau Shan (north). The top of the main dam is part of Keung Shan Road which connects Tai O with Cheung Sha, Mui Wo and Tung Chung. Below the dam is Shek Pik Prison managed by the Hong Kong Correctional Services.

History
In the 1950s, water became short in Hong Kong. To relieve the problem the Hong Kong Government decided to build a reservoir in Shek Pik Heung valley () and to further develop Lantau Island. The main contractor for the reservoir scheme was Soletanche, a French company.

Prior to construction there were four villages, Shek Pik Tai Tseun (), Fan Pui Tsuen (), Kong Pui Tsuen () and Hang Tsai Tseun (), in the valley. They were all relocated as part of the reservoir construction.

A Hau Wong Temple was located there and was inundated by the Shek Pik Reservoir in 1960.

In 1961, an 8-mile submarine pipeline was built to move water from the reservoir to Hong Kong Island, submerged from Silvermine Bay to Sandy Bay. Water supply started November 1963, however there was an internal lining failure.

See also
 Water supply and sanitation in Hong Kong

References

Further reading

External links

Reservoirs in Hong Kong
Shek Pik
Potestas

Potestas is a Latin word meaning power or faculty. It is an important concept in Roman Law.

Origin of the concept
The idea of potestas originally referred to the power, through coercion, of a Roman magistrate to promulgate edicts, give action to litigants, etc. This power, in Roman political and legal theory, is considered analogous in kind though lesser in degree to military power. The most important magistrates (such as consuls and praetors) are said to have imperium, which is the ultimate form of potestas, and refers indeed to military power.

Potestas strongly contrasts with the power of the Senate and the prudentes, a common way to refer to Roman jurists. While the magistrates had potestas, the prudentes exercised auctoritas. It is said that auctoritas is a manifestation of socially recognized knowledge, while potestas is a manifestation of socially recognized power. In Roman political theory, both were necessary to guide the res publica and they had to inform each other.

Evolution of the concept in the Middle Ages
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, most institutions of Roman public law fell into disuse, but much of Roman political theory remained. In a letter, Duo Sunt, Pope Gelasius I argued that Christendom was ruled, in theory, by the priests and princes.  The former had the spiritual authority, which was identified with auctoritas, while the latter had temporal power, identified with potestas. At first, the Pope crowned secular rulers after Pope Stephen II crowned the Frankish king Pepin the Short in January 754, and secular rulers often appointed local bishops and abbots, but after the Investiture Controversy the Pope was instead chosen by the College of Cardinals and, at least in theory, approved episcopal nominations.

As the effective power of the Holy Roman Empire declined, kingdoms asserted their own independence. One way to do this was to claim that the king had, in his kingdom, the same power as the emperor in the empire, and so the king assumed the attributes of potestas.

The concept of plena in re potesta was often used in 13th-century Europe, of ownership as being "in full power" to do what one likes with one's property. The use of the dogma was also used by Edward I. Although its ultimate use is ambiguous, it was used to give to parliament representatives the authority of making choices in parliament (full powers). This, in turn, helped Edward I coerce shire representatives to grant taxes.

Podestà
In some of the Italian city states, the term "Potestas" describes the authority of a magistrate developed into "Podestà", which was the chief magistrate's title.

References

See also
 
 
 

Roman law
1997 Wirral South by-election

A by-election was held for the United Kingdom parliament constituency of Wirral South, in Merseyside, England, on 27 February 1997. The seat became vacant on the death of Conservative Party Member of Parliament Barry Porter, and was won by Labour's Ben Chapman.

The Conservative loss in this seat, which came close to the last possible date for a general election, meant that they no longer had a majority in the House of Commons. Wirral South was the last in a run of significant Conservative losses, following a period of dissatisfaction with the Major years. This was the last Conservative loss to Labour in a by-election until the 2012 Corby by-election. Labour has held this seat since the by-election.

Result

Previous result

Notes

External links
British Parliamentary By Elections:  Campaign literature from the by-election

See also
List of United Kingdom by-elections
List of parliamentary constituencies in Merseyside

Politics of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral
1997 elections in the United Kingdom
1997 in England
1990s in Merseyside
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Merseyside constituencies
Wandong

Wandong  is a town in Victoria, Australia. The town is about  north of the state capital, Melbourne, on the Hume Highway. It adjoins the town of Heathcote Junction, and at the , the two towns had a population of 1,340. The main centre nearest Wandong is Kilmore.

History

The traditional owners of Wandong are the Taungurung people, a part of the Kulin nation that inhabited a large portion of central Victoria including Port Phillip Bay and its surrounds. Wandong itself is an Aboriginal word meaning "Spirit".

The first Europeans to reach Wandong were Hamilton Hume and Captain William Hilton Hovell who travelled through the centre of the future town of Wandong on the 13th December, 1824. 
The explorers proceeded 1260 metres South of Arkell’s Lane, Wandong and crossed the Dividing Range at the low peak there that they named Hume’s Pass. They then moved South along Eastern Ridge, Hidden Valley, and downhill to the Merri Creek, Wallan East near Kelby Lane. 

That made Wandong the second township site in Victorian history to be traversed by European explorers. Broadford was the first: Hume and Hovell had passed through it on the same morning. 

This exact route has been proven by decoding the map drawn by Hamilton Hume which conforms exactly to the original journal of William Hovell. Hamilton Hume in 1867 corrected his own earlier error that the party crossed the Dividing Range at Big Hill, Bylands.

Wandong was a pastoral region from at least 1843. 

By 1876 a small settlement had arisen and a post office gazetted to Mr. F. G. Arkell.

From 1880 Wandong became a major sawmilling and processing town and region.

The town is now a major transport hub with the Hume Highway and the Albury-Wodonga and Shepparton railway lines passing through it. It has its own railway station.

The local school was originally situated to the south of Wandong/Heathcote Junction and was known as Lightwood Flat Common School when it opened in 1871. The school was transferred to its current site in Wandong in 1882, and is currently known as Wandong Primary School. The school was damaged slightly in the Black Saturday bushfires.

The town hosts the Wandong Country Music Festival.

References

External links

Towns in Victoria (state)
Shire of Mitchell
Hume Highway
Manduca jasminearum

Manduca jasminearum, the ash sphinx, is a member of the moth family Sphingidae. It ranges from east of the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean, being common in the northeast United States.

The wingspan is 84–105 mm. There are two generations per year with adults on wing from May to September. They nectar at flowers.

The larva of this species mainly feed on ash species (Fraxinus), but have also been recorded feeding on Syringa and Ulmus species.

References

Manduca
Moths described in 1832
Cooper Lake State Park

Cooper Lake State Park is a Texas State Park in Delta and Hopkins counties, about three miles (5 km) south of Cooper, Texas. The park is situated on Jim Chapman Lake, formerly known as Cooper Lake. There are actually two geographically separate units; the Doctors Creek unit  is located on the north side of the lake, in Delta County, while the South Sulphur unit  is located on the south side of the lake, in Hopkins County.

History

The park's land was inhabited by Caddo people until the 1800s, when settlers brought the agriculture (including cotton and dairy) and livestock industries to the area. Cooper Lake itself was built between 1986 and 1991, by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Nature
The park lies at the intersection of the Tallgrass Prairie and Post Oak Savannah ecoregions. There is a diverse variety of mammals (including the gray fox and nine-banded armadillo) and birds in the park, and multiple species of catfish, crappie, and bass in the lake.

References

External links
 Texas Parks and Wildlife Department

Lakes of Texas
State parks of Texas
Protected areas of Delta County, Texas
Protected areas of Hopkins County, Texas
Bodies of water of Delta County, Texas
Bodies of water of Hopkins County, Texas
John Taber

John Taber (May 5, 1880 – November 22, 1965) was an American attorney and New York politician who represented parts of the Finger Lakes and Central New York regions in the United States House of Representatives from 1923 to 1963.

Biography
Taber was born in Auburn, New York, on May 5, 1880, the son of attorney and businessman Franklin P. Taber and Susan (Parker) Taber.  He attended the public schools of Auburn, and graduated from Auburn High School in 1898.  He graduated from Yale University in 1902, and received his law degree from New York Law School in 1904.  He attained admission to the bar in November 1914, and commenced practice in Auburn.

Taber represented Auburn's second ward on the Cayuga County Board of Supervisors in 1905 and 1906.  From 1910 to 1918, he served as a special judge of the county court.  Taber was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1920, 1924, and 1936, and chairman of the Cayuga County Republican Committee from 1920 to 1925.  In 1922, he was chosen to serve as president of the Auburn Chamber of Commerce.

He represented New York in the House of Representatives as a Republican from the 68th to the 87th Congresses (March 4, 1923 – January 3, 1963), where he was the chairman of the Committee on Appropriations during the 80th and 83rd Congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination to the 88th Congress in 1962. Taber voted against of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960, as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Taber died in Auburn on November 22, 1965, and was interred at Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn.

Family
In 1929, Taber married Gertrude Johnson Beard, who had been working as his secretary.  They were the parents of a son, Charles Beard Taber (1920-1969).

Notes

References

Bibliography
Congressman John Taber of Auburn: Politics and Federal Appropriations, 1923–1962, Cary S. Henderson, Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, 1964.

1880 births
1965 deaths
Politicians from Auburn, New York
Yale University alumni
New York Law School alumni
New York (state) state court judges
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
20th-century American judges
Auburn High School (Auburn, New York) alumni
20th-century American politicians
Manduca brontes

Manduca brontes is a species of moth in the family Sphingidae first described by Dru Drury in 1773. It is known from Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico, the Cayman Islands, the Dominican Republic and Suriname.

Adults are on wing from April to June in Florida.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on Tecoma species (including Tecoma stans), Fraxinus americana, Fraxinus excelsior and Fraxinus platycarpa.

Subspecies
M. brontes brontes (Jamaica and Cuba, Greater Antilles and northern South America)
M. brontes cubensis (Kitching and Cadiou, 2000) (Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico, the Cayman Islands and Florida)
M. brontes haitiensis (B.P. Clark, 1916) (Haiti and the Dominican Republic)
M. brontes pamphilius (Cramer, 1782) (Suriname)

References

External links

brontes
Moths of North America
Sphingidae of South America
Lepidoptera of the Caribbean
Insects of Cuba
Insects of the Dominican Republic
Insects of Haiti
Lepidoptera of Jamaica
Fauna of Suriname
Moths described in 1773
Taxa named by Dru Drury