alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Rhoetosaurus

Rhoetosaurus (meaning "Rhoetos lizard"), named after Rhoetus, a titan in Greek mythology, is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Jurassic (Oxfordian) Walloon Coal Measures of what is now eastern Australia. Rhoetosaurus is estimated to have been about  long, weighing about . Subsequent authors have sometimes misspelled the name: Rhaetosaurus (de Lapparent & Laverat, 1955); Rheteosaurus (Yadagiri, Prasad & Satsangi, 1979).

Discovery and species 

In 1924, Heber Longman, self-trained paleontologist at (and later director of) the Queensland Museum in Brisbane, learned of a large fossil reptile skeleton exposed in the Walloon Coal Measures at Durham Downs near Roma in southern inland Queensland. The station manager, Arthur Browne, forwarded fragments of bone to Longman, and was honoured with the dinosaur's specific name brownei.
The initial collection was of 22 tail vertebrae, including a series of 16 consecutive bones, and other fragmentary hindlimb pieces. Soon after Longman announced the new discovery, he visited the station and arranged for more material of the same skeleton to be sent to the Queensland Museum. These included additional vertebrae from the thoracic area, bits of rib, more caudals and more of the femur and pelvis as well as a cervical vertebra. Further material was collected by Mary Wade and Alan Bartholomai in 1975, and still more by Drs. Tom Rich, Anne Warren, Zhao Xijin, and Ralph Molnar. By 2012, prepared material comprised 40 vertebrae, five partial thoracic ribs, part of the sacrum, fragments of the ilia, an ischium, the left and right pubic bones, and much of the right hind limb (femur, tibia, fibula, astragalus, and pes). More bones are yet to be removed from rock.

Rhoetosaurus is among the best-known sauropods thus far discovered in Australia, as well as for the Jurassic of Gondwana.

Relationships 
Initially Longman, with advice from leading German paleontologist Friedrich von Huene, noted the primitive nature of Rhoetosaurus, and so for a long time, it was called a cetiosaurid. More recently, others have compared it to Shunosaurus, based on similar general age and several traits of its hind limbs. Given its supposed relationship to Shunosaurus, which had a clubbed tail, Rhoetosaurus has also been hypothesized to possess something similar. The form of the nearly complete hind foot ()at least suggests that lies outside the more derived Neosauropoda, but the material needs further study to determine its precise positioning in sauropod evolution.

References

Further reading

External links 
 Rhoetosaurus

Gravisauria
Middle Jurassic dinosaurs
Dinosaurs of Australia
Mesozoic reptiles of Australia
Oxfordian life
Paleontology in Queensland
Fossil taxa described in 1926
Taxa named by Albert Heber Longman
Sauropods of Australia
Derwich Ferho

Ferho Derwich (born 2 October 1961 in Mzizah, Turkey) is one of the chairmen (along with his brother Medeni Akgül) of the Kurdish Institute of Brussels in Belgium.

He arrived in Belgium as a refugee on 3 February 1977. In 1978, he founded TEKOSER (the Kurdish Workers and Student Community), which was known as the 'Kurdish Institute of Brussels'. From June 1980 to July 1981, he was employed in the University Hospitals of Leuven as General Coordinator in the Central Medical Archives.

In 1989, he founded the Kurdish Institute of Brussels, where he has worked since. In March 2006, his parents Fatim and Ferho Akgül were murdered in Mzizah.

He speaks Kurdish, Turkish and Dutch, with an elementary reading level in French, English and German.

He has published Kurdish poems in Dutch, Swedish and Turkish.

References

External links
 Kurdish Institute Brussels (Nederlands) 
 Kurdish Institute Brussels (Kurdî) 
 Kurdish Institute Brussels (English) 
 Kurdish Institute Brussels (Française) 

People from Doğançay, Mardin
Turkish Kurdish people
Turkish emigrants to Belgium
Living people
1961 births
Richard Rampton

Richard Rampton KC (born 8 January 1941) is a British libel lawyer. He has been involved in several high-profile cases including Irving v. Penguin Books and Lipstadt, where he defended Deborah Lipstadt and Penguin Books against David Irving.

Early life and education
Rampton was born on 8 January 1941, the eldest son of businessman and philanthropist Tony Rampton and his wife Joan. He was educated at Bryanston School and The Queen's College, Oxford.

Career
Richard Rampton was called to the Bar in November 1965 (Inner Temple) and was appointed a QC (Queen's Counsel) in 1987.

In Irving v. Penguin Books and Lipstadt, he represented Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher against false accusations of libel after she said that Irving was a Holocaust denier in her book Denying the Holocaust (1993). He also represented McDonald's in the McLibel case, where the company sued two members of the London Greenpeace environmental campaigning group.

Rampton's earlier cases include Andrew Neil (editor of The Sunday Times) vs Peregrine Worsthorne, Lord Aldington vs Count Nikolai Tolstoy and Gillian Taylforth vs News of the World. He also successfully represented politician George Galloway against The Daily Telegraph over allegations that he took £375,000 from Saddam Hussein's Iraqi regime. He represented Associated Newspapers Group plc in Lucas-Box v News Group Newspapers Ltd; Lucas-Box v Associated Newspapers Group plc and others. This case produced the "Lucas-Box meaning" whereby under modern libel practice a defendant must set out in his/her statement of case the defamatory meaning that he/she seeks to prove to be essentially or substantially true.

References

External links
 Holocaust denial on trial

1941 births
Living people
Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford
English barristers
English King's Counsel
Members of the Middle Temple
People educated at Bryanston School
20th-century King's Counsel
21st-century King's Counsel
Gazon Matodya

Gazon Matodya (c. 1920 – 1 December 2011) was gaanman of the Okanisi or Ndyuka people of Suriname, South America, one of six Maroon peoples in the area.  He lived in Diitabiki (Drietabbetje), a village located on the Tapanahony River. Gaanman Gazon belonged to the Otoo Lo clan, from which most of the Aukan chiefs have come. He was one of the longest-living chiefs to date.

In a statement made in 1992 while in the United States, Gazon said he was not happy with the changes that have occurred in his tribal area during the modern era of the late 20th century. This includes how disputes are settled. In 2007 the six Maroon tribes won a major land rights case initiated in the early 1990s, by which they gained collective control of territories (including mineral resources), which they have occupied since the late 18th century.

Legacy and honors
In 2000, Gazon was awarded the Grand Cordon in the Honorary Order of the Yellow Star, a Surinamese presidential award.
He was given a Chubb Fellowship by Yale University.
In 1996, the Netherlands-based Maroon Institute Sabanapeti established an award named in honor of Gazon. It is intended to acknowledge exceptional people and organizations.

Notes

References 

1920 births
2011 deaths

Year of birth uncertain
Granman
Grand Cordons of the Honorary Order of the Yellow Star
Ndyuka people
Surinamese Maroons
Tribal chiefs
People from Sipaliwini District
Albert Ottinger

Albert E. Ottinger (September 10, 1878 – January 13, 1938) was an American lawyer and politician.

Life and career
Ottinger was born in Manhattan, New York City, the son of Moses Ottinger and Amelia Gottlieb Ottinger.  He graduated from New York University Law School in 1898 and became an attorney in New York City.

He was a member of the New York State Senate (18th District) in 1917 and 1918; and then an assistant attorney general of the United States. As such, Ottinger ruled that the U.S. Congress could grant independence to the Philippines if it wished, since the Philippines were an "insular possession" and therefore to be distinguished from the United States' states and territorial possessions.

He was New York State attorney general from 1925 to 1928, elected in 1924 and 1926. During his second term, he was the only Republican who held state office, and was responsible for closing down the notorious "bucket shops" on Wall Street. He was a delegate to the 1928 and 1932 Republican National Conventions.

In 1928, while the Democratic Party nominated New York Governor Al Smith for the presidency, the first time a Catholic from a major party was running for that office, the Republican Party of New York nominated Ottinger for governor, the first Jewish gubernatorial candidate in New York history. The Democratic Party nominated Franklin D. Roosevelt for governor, and Herbert Lehman, also a Jew, as the candidate for lieutenant governor of New York. On the national ticket, Herbert Hoover won by a landslide over Al Smith, the latter's religion clearly a national issue. The gubernatorial contest, however, was one of the closest in New York history. Against the national Republican trend, Roosevelt won by only 25,000 votes, less than 1% of the four million ballots cast.

At the end of his term as New York state's attorney general, Ottinger summed up his record as follows: "Hammer, hammer, hammer, at every manner and means of fraud and dishonesty, the prevention and assertion of which the Legislature has assigned to the Attorney General."

Ottinger suffered a heart attack and died in New York City on January 13, 1938.

Family
Ottinger never married and was survived by three brothers: Leon, Lawrence, and Nathan. Nathan Ottinger was a justice of the New York Supreme Court.  Lawrence Ottinger was the father of Richard L. Ottinger, who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives.

See also 
 List of Jewish American jurists

References

Sources
Obit notice, in Time magazine on January 24, 1938
List of New York attorneys general, at Office of the NYSAG

1878 births
1938 deaths
Jewish American state legislators in New York (state)
New York (state) state senators
New York State Attorneys General
Politicians from Manhattan
New York University School of Law alumni
Burials in New York (state)
Steve Jarratt

Steve Jarratt is a long-time videogames journalist and magazine editor. He has launched a large number of magazines for Future Publishing, many of which are still published. Magazines he has worked for include:
Zzap!64: Reviewer and assistant editor (March 1987 – May 1988)
CRASH: Editor (April–July 1988)
CU Amiga: Reviewer (approx. late 1988)
Amiga Format: Writer and reviewer (August 1989– ?), editor (June 1994 – Jan 1995)
 S: The Sega Magazine: Launch editor (December 1989–?)
Commodore Format: Launch editor (October 1990 – early 1992)
Total!: Launch editor (January 1992 - late 1993)
Edge: Launch editor (1993–?)
Official UK PlayStation Magazine
T3: Launch editor (1997–?)
Laptop Magazine: Launch editor (September-November(?) 2003)
3D World
Official Nintendo Magazine: Group Senior Editor 12 February 2006 (2006–?)
Windows Vista: The Official Magazine: Editor-in-chief (2007)

As Group Senior Editor at Future Publishing he oversaw existing titles like SFX, Practical Classics, 3D World and Official Xbox Magazine. He won the Games Media Legend award at the 2008 Games Media Awards but left Future Publishing in 2011. He went on to work for a small digital publisher in Bristol.

References

External links
"Zzap! Where are they now?." Accessed 6 March 2006

British male journalists
British magazine editors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Video game critics
British critics
Goxhill


Goxhill is a large village and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 2,290. It is situated  east from Barton-upon-Humber and  north-west from Immingham.

Goxhill was part of the former Glanford district, part of the county of Humberside, between 1974 and 1996.

The village is served by Goxhill railway station, which runs from the town of Barton to the seaside resort of Cleethorpes. The area has been an important centre for clay pantile production since the 18th century and the industry is still represented in the village.

RAF Goxhill was used in the Second World War by RAF and the USAAF.  The 78th Fighter Group arrived at the station, known officially as 8th Air Force Station No. F-345 on 1 December 1942.  The American Units referred to it unofficially as "RAF Goat Hill". In 1943 Robert S. Johnson, a US ace pilot of the Second World War, was stationed here.

Goxhill Hall

Goxhill Hall is a Grade II* listed 18th-century house which stands adjacent to a Grade I listed mediaeval hall known as the Priory. The hall was built between 1690 and 1705 for Henry Hildyard and has been recently renovated. It is constructed in two storeys of red brick with blue brick dressing with a pantile roof and a 5-bay frontage.

The mediaeval hall, originally part of a larger complex, dates from the late 14th and early 15th century and is built in two storeys of limestone rubble with ashlar dressings and a late 18th-century pantile roof. It has an undercroft and a single room 1st-floor hall.

The present architect owners of the properties are carrying out a programme of renovation, including excavation of the moat.

See also
Humber Gas Tunnel
P-38 Lightning

References

External links

 AIRFIELD TALES Lincolnshire’s wartime legacy shot partly at Goxhill. (Video documentary 2006)

Villages in the Borough of North Lincolnshire
Civil parishes in Lincolnshire
Gerald W. VandeWalle

Gerald Wayne VandeWalle (born August 15, 1933) is an American lawyer who served as a justice of the North Dakota Supreme Court from 1978 to 2023. He served as the court's chief justice from 1993 to 2019.

Early life and education
VandeWalle was born in Noonan, North Dakota and graduated from the University of North Dakota in 1955 with a Bachelor of Science degree in commerce. While attending the University of North Dakota he joined the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity. He then received a Juris Doctor from the University of North Dakota School of Law in 1958.

Career
In late 2019, VandeWalle announced he would not seek reelection for another term as chief justice, but would remain on the court. He was the longest-serving chief justice in North Dakota history and at the time, the oldest in the nation. He retired from the court on January 31, 2023.

Career
 1958 – admitted to the State Bar of North Dakota
 1975 – appointed First Assistant Attorney General of North Dakota
 August, 1978 – appointed to the North Dakota Supreme Court
 November, 1978 – elected to serve an unexpired term on Supreme Court
 1985–1987 – served as the first chair of the North Dakota Judicial Conference
 1993 – elected Chief Justice of North Dakota Supreme Court
 1995 – re-elected Chief Justice
 2000 – re-elected Chief Justice
 2005—re-elected Chief Justice
 2010—re-elected Chief Justice
 2015—re-elected Chief Justice

References

External links
 Gerald W. VandeWalle biography

1933 births
Living people
20th-century American judges
21st-century American judges
Chief Justices of the North Dakota Supreme Court
Justices of the North Dakota Supreme Court
People from Divide County, North Dakota
University of North Dakota alumni
Four Music

Four Music (Four Music Productions GmbH) is a German record label founded by hip hop group Die Fantastischen Vier in 1996. It was originally located in Stuttgart, but has moved to Kreuzberg, Berlin.

In 2004, Max Herre's debut album, as well as Confidence by Gentleman, and Viel by Die Fantastischen Vier were among the top 3 in the German album charts. The same year, the opening concert for the Popkomm solely consisted of artists signed on Four Music.

In July 2005, the record label Sony BMG Music Entertainment took over 50% of Four Music Productions for a seven-figure sum of money. According to the Annual Report of Four Music GmbH of fiscal year 2009 to 2010, Sony Music Entertainment Germany GmbH has acquired all the shares of Four Music GmbH.

Notable artists
Notable musicians and groups signed on Four Music are:
 3Plusss
 Afrob
 Blumentopf (until 2009)
 Casper
 Chakuza
 Clueso
 Freundeskreis (until 2007)
 Gentleman (until 2010)
 Jason Rowe
 Joy Denalane
 Lance Butters
 Mark Forster
 Marteria
 Max Herre
 Miss Platnum
 Son Goku (until 2002)

See also
List of record labels

External links 
 
 Four Music Artists
 Die Fantastischen Vier

German independent record labels
Record labels established in 1996
Reggae record labels
Hip hop record labels
Plinia edulis

Plinia edulis (formerly Marlierea edulis) is a tree that grows wild in Brazil in the coastal rainforest regions around the Brazilian cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The fruit's local name is cambucá while the tree is cambucazeiro.

The name is derived from an indigenous word for jar, cambuci, due to the tree's fruit resembling a type of water container, which some would say is "flying saucer"-shaped.

The fruit's coloration is yellowy-green, size is 6 cm in diameter and taste is sweet-sour. Cambuca fruit taste resemble light combination of mango and papaya. A member of the myrtle and eucalyptus family, the tree can grow to a height of thirty feet, and propagation is by seed.

References

External links
 Árvores do Brasil

edulis
Trees of Brazil
Cauliflory
Sanpasaurus

Sanpasaurus ("Sanpa lizard") is a poorly known sauropod dinosaur from the Early to Late Jurassic of Sichuan, China. The type species, S. yaoi, was described by Chung Chien Young, in 1944. The type remains, IVPP V.156, consists of 20 vertebrae, scapulae, forelimbs, and some hindlimb bones.
Initially reported by Young as an ornithopod ornithischian, this specimen was unambiguously referred to Sauropoda in 2016 by McPhee et al., later refined to a basal gravisaurian position by Pol et al. in 2020 and 2022, closely related to Vulcanodon and Tazoudasaurus. Sanpasaurus is known from remains recovered from the Maanshan Member of the Ziliujing Formation.

References

Early Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia
Sauropods
Taxa named by Yang Zhongjian
Fossil taxa described in 1944
Paleontology in Sichuan
Sarcolestes

Sarcolestes (meaning "flesh robber") is an extinct genus of ankylosaurian ornithischian dinosaur from the Oxford Clay of England. The current type and only species is S. leedsi, and the holotype is a single partial left mandible. The genus and species were named in 1893 by Richard Lydekker, who thought they belonged to a theropod.

Discovery
Sarcolestes was first named in 1893 by Richard Lydekker, and its type species was designated as S. leedsi. The specific name was to honour Alfred Nicholson Leeds, the discoverer of the specimen, and many others like it. The holotype and only specimen, is a partial left mandible and fused scute that was damaged during excavation. The jaw preserved one entire tooth and two crown tips in its alveolus, with the missing bone in the central section of the mandible. It lacks a preserved predentary, even though the entire mandibular symphysis is preserved and complete.

Classification
Originally, Lydekker found that Sarcolestes represented a theropod. He cited lack of a predentary as excluding the taxon from ornithopods, and tooth morphology as excluding it from sauropods. Within theropods, it was found to be sufficiently different from one main groups of theropods including Coelurus, Calamosaurus, and Compsognathus, and the megalosaurids including Megalosaurus. Thus, Lydekker placed it in Thecodontosauridae, a group of theropods (now placed in Sauropodomorpha) including Thecodontosaurus. Lydekker noted that Sarcolestes was similar in dental morphology to Priodontognathus, and that together they might be shown to be related to scelidosaurids. However, he also noted that together they may represent their own group within Theropoda. In 1901, Franz Nopcsa found that Sarcolestes was in fact herbivorous, and classified it in Stegosauridae with genera such as Polacanthus, Stegosaurus, Hylaeosaurus, Stenopelix and various others. Peter Galton concluded that Sarcolestes represents a genus within Nodosauridae, with a dentary similar to that of Sauropelta. However, others have cast doubt on this assignment and even the validity of Sarcolestes. Sarcolestes was likely related to the only other known contemporaneous ankylosaurians of the time during the Middle Jurassic, Spicomellus and Tianchisaurus.

See also 
 Timeline of ankylosaur research

References 

Ankylosaurs
Bathonian life
Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe
Fossils of England
Oxford Clay
Fossil taxa described in 1893
Taxa named by Richard Lydekker
Ornithischian genera
Thyreophorans of Europe
Jurassic thyreophorans
Ian David Sinclair

Ian David Sinclair,  (December 27, 1913 – April 7, 2006) was a Canadian lawyer, businessman, and senator.

He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics in 1937 from the University of Manitoba and a Bachelor of Law degree from the Manitoba Law School in 1941.

Sinclair was called to Bar of Manitoba in 1941. From 1942 to 1943, he was a lecturer in torts at the University of Manitoba.

In 1942, he started at Canadian Pacific Ltd. in the law department as an assistant solicitor and eventually rose to become president and CEO in 1969. He was also Clchairman and CEO from 1972 to 1981. While president, Sinclair assisted Father David Bauer and the Canada men's national ice hockey team by arranging free and discounted transportation for the team.

In 1983, he was summoned to the Senate of Canada and represented the senatorial division of Halton, Ontario. A Liberal, he retired on September 27, 1988.

In 1979, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "for his contribution to the commercial development of Canada." He was also inducted into the Canadian Business Hall of Fame.

He and his wife, Ruth, had four children.

In the late 1970s, he was the subject of the television documentary "Best Job in Canada" in which he disclosed that his weekly salary was $10,700. One of his more colourful quotes in the program was "I don't have heart attacks, I give them."

References

External links

1913 births
2006 deaths
Businesspeople from Winnipeg
Canadian Pacific Railway executives
Canadian senators from Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada senators
Officers of the Order of Canada
Politicians from Winnipeg
Bob Grim (baseball)

Robert Anton Grim (March 8, 1930 – October 23, 1996) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball.

Life
Born in New York City, he was signed as an amateur free agent by the New York Yankees in 1948. His Major League debut was on April 18, 1954 for the Yankees. He wore uniform number 55 for the Yankees during his entire period on the team. He won 20 games (the first Yankee rookie to win 20 since 1910) and lost only 6 that year, with a 3.26 earned run average, and was voted American League Rookie of the Year, with 15 votes out of 24. He played in two World Series for the Yankees, in 1955 (against the Brooklyn Dodgers) and in 1957 (against the Milwaukee Braves). By 1957, because of arm troubles, he became an exclusive relief pitcher. He has been retroactively listed as leading the American League in saves in 1957 with 19. (At the time, saves were not a regularly calculated statistic.)

Grim got the final out of the 1957 All-Star Game, being brought in from the bullpen with the American League leading 6–5 and getting pinch-hitter Gil Hodges on a game-ending fly out to left field. He also took the loss in Game 4 of the 1957 World Series when he allowed a walk-off home run to Milwaukee Braves third baseman Eddie Mathews.

On June 15, 1958, Grim was traded, along with Harry Simpson, by the New York Yankees to the Kansas City Athletics for Duke Maas and Virgil Trucks. He had records of 7–6 and 6–10 for the Athletics the next two seasons.

He played with three teams in 1960. On April 5, 1960, he was traded by Kansas City to the Cleveland Indians for Leo Kiely. On May 18, the Cincinnati Reds purchased his contract from Cleveland, and on July 29, the St. Louis Cardinals purchased his contract from Cincinnati. He spent all of 1961 at the Triple-A level in the Redbird organization.

Grim was released by the Cardinals before the 1962 season, but on April 9, 1962 he was signed as a free agent with the Kansas City Athletics. His final MLB game was played on May 24, and the A's released him on May 31.

He died in Shawnee, Kansas at age 66 after suffering a heart attack while throwing snowballs with neighborhood kids.

See also
 List of Major League Baseball annual saves leaders

References

External links
 
 Bob Grim's biographical information and statistics at Baseball Almanac
 
 

1930 births
1996 deaths
American League All-Stars
Amsterdam Rugmakers players
Binghamton Triplets players
Butler Yankees players
Charleston Marlins players
Cincinnati Reds players
Cleveland Indians players
Kansas City Athletics players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award winners
New York Yankees players
Norfolk Tars players
Portland Beavers players
St. Louis Cardinals players
San Juan Marlins players
Baseball players from New York City
Rutalahti

Rutalahti is a village in Leivonmäki, since 2008 a part of the municipality of Joutsa in Central Finland. The distance to Jyväskylä is 40 km. The countryside festival Suo Anteeks has been organized two times, 2005 and 2009.

Geography 
Rutalahti is located in the far western part of the old Leivonmäki municipality, close to the borders with Toivakka and Korpilahti (since 2009 part of Jyväskylä). The village is located by the Päijänne and one of its bays, also called Rutalahti, however the bay is mostly within the territory of Toivakka and Korpilahti.

History 
Rutalahti is named after the Rutalahti bay of Päijänne, originally held by the people of Sääksmäki as hunting grounds. As a village, Rutalahti was first mentioned in the 1540s. It was originally one of the villages of Vespuoli in Korpilahti, but was transferred to Leivonmäki in 1936. The village became a part of Joutsa with the rest of Leivonmäki in 2008.

References

External links 
Rutalahden kylä – Official homepages of Rutalahti 

Joutsa
Villages in Finland
Sauroplites

Sauroplites (meaning "saurian hoplite") is a genus of herbivorous ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China.

Discovery and naming
In 1930, the Swedish paleontologist Anders Birger Bohlin during the Swedish-Chinese expeditions of Sven Hedin discovered an ankylosaurian fossil near Tebch in Inner Mongolia.

The type species Sauroplites scutiger was named and described by Bohlin in 1953. The generic name is derived from Greek sauros or saura, "lizard", and hoplites, "hoplite, armed foot soldier". The specific name is Neo-Latin for "shield bearer", in reference to the body armour.

At first generally accepted as valid, even though a diagnosis had originally not been provided, Sauroplites was later often considered a nomen dubium because it is based on fragmentary material. Some believed it might actually be a specimen of another ankylosaur, Shamosaurus. However, in 2014 Victoria Megan Arbour discovered a clear unique trait, autapomorphy: the sacral or pelvic shield shows rosettes with a large central osteoderm surrounded by a single ring of smaller scutes. Other species have multiple or irregular rings. She concluded that Sauroplites was a valid taxon.

The specimens were not given an inventory number and are today lost, though some casts are present in the American Museum of Natural History as specimen AMNH 2074. They were found in a layer of the Zhidan Group, probably dating from the Barremian to Aptian stages. The carcass had been deposited on its back and the bones had been eroded away, apart from some ribs and perhaps a piece of an ischium, leaving parts of the body armour in a largely articulated position.

Description
The large central osteoderms of the rosettes are rather flat and have a diameter of ten centimetres. More to the front oval osteoderms, with an asymmetric low keel, cover the back, with a length of up to forty centimetres. Thirty centimetre osteoderms cover the sides.

Classification
Bohlin placed Sauroplites in the Ankylosauridae. However, Arbour (2014) considered it possible that it was a member of the Nodosauridae in view of the possession of a sacral shield consisting of fused rosettes which is unknown with unequivocal ankylosaurids, even though nodosaurid remains from Asia are rare and contentious. In a cladistic analysis she performed, Sauroplites was recovered as a nodosaurid.

In 2018, Rivera-Sylva and colleagues suggested that Sauroplites belonged to a clade of basal nodosaurids that also contained Dongyangopelta and Mymoorapelta, Their cladogram is shown below:

See also

 Timeline of ankylosaur research

References

Nodosaurids
Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
Taxa named by Birger Bohlin
Paleontology in Inner Mongolia
Ornithischian genera
Solid film lubricant

Solid film lubricants are paint-like coatings of very fine particles of lubricating pigment blended with a binder and other additives.  The lubricant is applied to a substrate by spray, dip or brush methods and, once cured, creates a solid film which repels water, reduces friction and increases the wear life of the substrate to which it has been applied.  Certain film lubricants also offer additional properties such as corrosion inhibition.  Solid film lubricants are used in the automotive, transportation and aerospace industries. 2 commonly used ones are graphite and molybdenum disulfide.

References

Lubricants
Crixás, Brazil

Crixás is a municipality in northwestern Goiás state, Brazil. The population was 17,044 (2020) in a total area of 4,661.5 km². Crixás was a major gold producing area but is now gradually losing population.

Crixás is 334 kilometers from the state capital, Goiânia, and is in the São Miguel do Araguaia Microregion. Connections from Goiânia are made by GO-080 / Nerópolis / São Francisco de Goiás / BR-153 / Jaraguá / Rialma / GO-336 / Itapaci / GO-154 / Pilar de Goiás / Santa Terezinha de Goiás / GO-347.

The population growth rate from 1996/2007 was -0.87.%. In 2007 the urban population was 11,516 and the rural population was 3,031.

The history of Crixás begins in the eighteenth century with the discovery of gold. The first explorer in these lands was Manoel Rodrigues Tomar, who arrived in 1726. At the time the region was inhabited by the Crixás Indians. The name of the city comes from these Indians. In 1740 the settlement became Arraial de Crixás. In 1935 it became Vila de Crixás, and in 1953 it became a city.

The economy is based on mineral mining and milk production. The municipality has a gold mine, the Serra Grande Gold Mine, partly owned and operated by AngloGold Ashanti, the third-largest gold mining company in the world, and the Kinross Gold Corporation. There is also production of manganese and talcum. In 2007 there were 9 industrial units and 104 retail units. There were three banks and one dairy.
Farms: 1,055
Total agricultural Area: 229,416 hectares
Permanent Planted Area: 8,401 hectares
Temporary Planted Area: 3,811 hectares
Natural Pasture: 141,660 hectares
Woodland and Forest: 72,267 hectares
Workers related to the farm owner: 2,519
Workers not related to the farm owner: 240 (IBGE)
Cattle herd: 690,665 head (2006)--the largest in the state and one of the largest in the country
Main crops: rice (350 hectares), banana (75 hectares), corn (500 hectares), and soybeans (500 hectares). (All data from IBGE 2006)

In education the area had 12 schools and 3,546 students. There is also a campus of the Universidade Estadual de Goiás, or UEG, with courses in Pedagogy, Letters, Geography, History, and Mathematics. There was one small hospital, with 32 beds, and 07 public health clinics.
Literacy rate in 2000: 82.0%
Infant mortality rate in 2000: 31.85 in 1,000 live births

The ranking on the 2000 Municipal Human Development Index was 0.717. On the Seplan Economic Development Index (2001) the ranking was 21 out of 246 municipalities (2001). See Seplan. On the Seplan Social Development Index (2000) the ranking was 133 out of 246 municipalities (2000) See Seplan

See also
 List of municipalities in Goiás

References 

 Frigoletto

Municipalities in Goiás
Beusichem

Beusichem is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Buren, and lies about  northwest of Tiel.

History 
It was first mentioned between 918 and 948 Buosinhem, and means "settlement of the people of Boso (person)". Beusichem started as a settlement near the Lek River and developed into a stretched out esdorp. The tower of the Dutch Reformed Church contains 12th-century elements. The church was restored in 1995–1996. In 1840, it was home to 1,004 people.

Beusichem is historically known for a famous horse market held every summer. It is said that even Napoleon bought his horses on the Beusichem horse market. Horse keepers from Russia, France, Germany and Switzerland came to Beusichem to trade horses. The horsemarket is mentioned in old documents for the first time in 1461.

Until 1977, Beusichem was a separate municipality.

Gallery

References 

Former municipalities of Gelderland
Populated places in Gelderland
Buren
Cave of the Word Wizard

Cave of the Word Wizard is a 1982 educational children's game released for the Commodore 64 by Timeworks, Inc. It is designed to teach spelling.

Gameplay
The game is set in a wizard's cave where the player must spell words to overcome obstacles. The player spells words by typing on the keyboard and they are simultaneously displayed on the screen. The spoken commands and words are delivered in American English, through the computer audio output. Ten lists of words are provided for spelling, in graduated difficulty. You can also make custom lists. A list is selected at the start of each game.

It features a multilevel cave which the player's joystick guided character (selection of boy or girl) explores with the objective of finding a number of crystals in order to exit the dungeon. The character uses a flashlight to illuminate his/her way around the dungeon to find the crystals, which are attached to the dungeon wall in random locations.

The cave features a number of obstacles: crevasses to fall or jump down a level, rocks to trip over, puddles to slip and fall in, and scorpions and snakes to sting you. Your character can jump over these using a joystick button. If you fall or get stung, you have to use one of the 5 bandaids you started with. There are ladders to go up and down levels safely.

At intervals, the "Word Wizard" appears and commands you to spell a word. If you type the word correctly, you get rewarded with a new bandaid, and a congratulatory "well done!" or similar encouragement. If you wait too long or spell it wrongly, you get admonished, "You need work on that one!" or "It's getting darker!" (and your flashlight loses energy).

References

1982 video games
Commodore 64 games
Commodore 64-only games
Children's educational video games
Wizards in fiction
Video games about magic
Video games developed in the United States
Word puzzle video games
Dale V. Sandstrom

Dale V. Sandstrom (born March 9, 1950) is a North Dakota Republican Party politician who served as a North Dakota Public Service Commissioner from 1983 to 1992, and as a justice of the North Dakota Supreme Court from 1992 to 2016.

Biography
Dale V. Sandstrom was born in Grand Forks, North Dakota, and raised in Fargo, North Dakota. He graduated with a B.A. degree from North Dakota State University and a juris doctor degree from the University of North Dakota School of Law.  He was elected to the Supreme Court in 1992 to serve the remaining unexpired term of Justice H.F. Gierke III and was reelected in 1996 and 2006 to ten-year terms.  He served until his retirement on December 31, 2016.

Sandstrom was the major force behind the website maintained by the North Dakota Supreme Court, which has won several awards in legal circles. Sandstrom is active in Scouting as an adult, an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. Sandstrom served as Lodge Advisor for Pa-Hin Lodge while his son was the Lodge Chief.  His mother-in-law is Grand Forks Herald columnist Marilyn Hagerty.

As a youth, Sandstrom was also active in the Order of DeMolay, which he later served as International Grand Master in 2007.

Career
1981 - State Securities Commissioner
1983 - appointed to the North Dakota Public Service Commission
1984, 1990 - elected to six-year terms on the Commission
1992 - elected Justice of the Supreme Court
1996 - reelected to serve a ten-year term
2006 - reelected to serve another ten-year term

External links
Dale V. Sandstrom biography
North Dakota Supreme Court website
  Fargo High School Hall of Fame

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1950 births
Living people
Justices of the North Dakota Supreme Court
Politicians from Grand Forks, North Dakota
University of North Dakota alumni
North Dakota Public Service Commissioners
Aurélie Dupont

Aurélie Dupont (born 15 January 1973 in Paris) is a French ballet dancer who performed with the Paris Opera Ballet as an Étoile.

She began her career in dance in 1983 when she entered the Paris Opera Ballet School (L’École de danse de l’Opéra de Paris). She joined the company at age sixteen in 1989, and became a première danseuse in December 1996. Dupont was promoted to star dancer (Étoile) in 1998 after her performance as Kitri in Paris Opera Ballet's revival of Nureyev's production of Don Quixote. She has also starred in Paris Opera Ballet's revival of Nureyev's version of The Sleeping Beauty.

In 2010, Cédric Klapisch released a documentary about Dupont, L'espace d'un instant, which had been made over the previous two years.

Dupont formally retired from the Paris Opera stage following a performance of Kenneth MacMillan's Manon on 18 May 2015. It was announced on 5 Feb 2016 that she would be the next director of dance for the Paris Opera Ballet after the resignation of Benjamin Millepied. In June 2022, Dupont announced that she would leave the company the following month.

Repertoire
Dupont's repertoire includes:

 
 Don Quixote
 La Bayadère
 Sylvia
 Giselle
 Swan Lake
 Romeo and Juliet

 The Sleeping Beauty
 Raymonda
 Les Sylphides
 La Sylphide
 The Four Temperaments
 Manon
 Onegin

Awards
 1992 : Gold medallist at the Varna International Ballet Competition (category juniors)
 1993 : Winner of the French 
 1994 : Winner of the AROP (Association pour le rayonnement de l'Opéra national de Paris)
 2002 : Prix Benois de la Danse
 2005 : Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres

References

External links
 Ballet magazine interview, December 2003
 

Prima ballerinas
French ballerinas
1973 births
Living people
Prix Benois de la Danse winners
Paris Opera Ballet étoiles
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Shuvosaurus

Shuvosaurus (meaning "Shuvo's lizard") is a genus of beaked reptile from the Late Triassic of western Texas. Despite looking superficially similar to a theropod dinosaur, it is actually more closely related to crocodilians.

Discovery and classification
 
Shuvosaurus was described by Sankar Chatterjee in 1993 after it was discovered by his son Shuvo in the early 1990s. It was initially interpreted as a Triassic member of the Cretaceous dinosaur family Ornithomimidae because it had toothless jaws. Like the avian placement of Protoavis, the ornithomimosaur placement of Shuvosaurus was greeted with scepticism by others, and in their 1995 monograph on Late Triassic tetrapods from the American Southwest, Robert Long and Philip Murry considered Shuvosaurus to be possibly the same species as their new taxon Chatterjeea, which was based on 10 postcranial skeletons that had been previously referred to the rauisuchid Postosuchus by Chatterjee (1985), noting that the Shuvosaurus and the Chatterjeea material didn't overlap in terms of available material. For his part, Rauhut (1997, 2000, 2003) agreed with Long and Murry (1995) in questioning the ornithomimosaur placement of Shuvosaurus but classified it as a basal theropod. 

In the early 2000s, Sterling Nesbitt and Mark Norell prepared previously unopened jackets of an archosaur from the Whitaker Quarry at Ghost Ranch, which they named Effigia in 2006. This discovery showed that Shuvosaurus is more closely related to crocodilians, and that similarities between this animal and ornithomimids result from convergent evolution, while demonstrated that the taxon Chatterjeea was synonymous with Shuvosaurus.

References

Poposauroids
Late Triassic archosaurs of North America
Chinle fauna
Fossil taxa described in 1993
Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera
Mary Muehlen Maring

Mary Muehlen Maring (born July 27, 1951) was a justice of the North Dakota Supreme Court.  Mary Muehlen Maring was born and raised in Devils Lake, North Dakota. She graduated  with B.A. degree in Political Science and German from Moorhead State University in 1972 and in 1975 a juris doctor degree from the University of North Dakota School of Law.  She was appointed to the Supreme Court in 1996 and retired in 2013.

Career
1975-1976 - law clerk for the Honorable Bruce C. Stone, Hennepin County District Court, Minneapolis, Minnesota
1976-1996 - entered private practice of law and practiced law in North Dakota and Minnesota
1996 - appointed by Governor Ed Schafer to the North Dakota Supreme Court
1998 - re-elected to a ten-year term
2008 - re-elected to a ten-year term
2013 - retired

External links
Mary Muehlen Maring biography
North Dakota Supreme Court website

Justices of the North Dakota Supreme Court
University of North Dakota alumni
1951 births
Living people
20th-century American women judges
20th-century American judges
21st-century American women judges
21st-century American judges
Luc Malo

Luc Malo (born November 2, 1973) is a Canadian politician, who was a Member of Parliament for the riding of Verchères—Les Patriotes from 2006 to 2011. He ran as a member of the Bloc Québécois in the 2006 federal election and won with approximately 57% of the vote. As a member of the Bloc Québécois Shadow Cabinet, he was the Bloc's critic for the Minister of Sport.

Malo was born in Contrecoeur, Quebec, and graduated with a Master of Business Administration degree from the Université de Sherbrooke. From 1996 until 2001, he was an attaché and chief of staff for Stéphane Bergeron, the Member of Parliament (MP) for Verchères—Les Patriotes, then called Verchères. In 2003 and 2004, he continued to serve as an attaché, becoming a research associate for the riding's Member of Parliament in 2005. He presently works as an advisor and business development consultant.

Malo has stated that Hockey Canada never should have hired hockey player Shane Doan because of an alleged slur he made toward French Canadians.

Electoral record (partial)

References

External links
 

1973 births
Bloc Québécois MPs
Living people
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
People from Varennes, Quebec
Université de Sherbrooke alumni
21st-century Canadian politicians
Big Bang (Singh book)

Big Bang: The most important scientific discovery of all time and why you need to know about it is a book written by Simon Singh and published in 2004 by Fourth Estate.

Big Bang chronicles the history and development of the Big Bang model of the universe, from the ancient Greek scientists who first measured the distance to the sun to the 20th century detection of the cosmic radiation still echoing the dawn of time.

The book discusses how different theories of the universe evolved, along with a personal look at the people involved.

Before Big Bang theories 
The book takes up how the inaccuracies of the theories of Copernicus and Galileo lead them to be dismissed. Copernicus and Galileo used false arguments to persuade people that the Earth went in circles around the Sun, and that the Sun was the center of the universe. Both these statements were alien to the public at the time, and are still alien to a modern public. Only the finally mathematically correct interpretation of Johannes Kepler made the theories accepted, within a single generation. As Singh points out, the old generation must die before a new theory can be accepted.

The Big Bang theory evolves 

In parallel to the evolution of the Big Bang theory, the book tells the personal stories of the people who played a part in advancing it, both by hypothesis and by experiment. These include Albert Einstein, for his General Relativity, Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman for first discovering that this theory led to an expanding universe, Georges Lemaître who concluded independently of Friedman discovered an expanding universe, and then that the theory must lead to an initial event of creation, which is the Big Bang theory we know today, Edwin Hubble for observing that the universe expanded, thereby confirming Friedman and Lemaître, George Gamow, Ralph Asher Alpher, Robert Herman, Martin Ryle, Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson, among many others.

Another theme of the book is the scientific method itself: how serendipity, curiosity, theory and observation come together to expand our understanding of the world.

One of the most interesting points in the book is how Einstein initially dismissed the theory out of hand. Such was his authority in the scientific community that none dared oppose him, thereby stifling research in this area for many years. However, when Hubble confirmed the theory, Einstein was quick to endorse both Lemaître and his theories.

Reception
William Grimes of The New York Times praised Singh's ability to retain the reader's entertainment and comprehension even whilst explaining difficult scientific concepts, through use of diagrams, writing and illustrations. He wrote that, "[m]ore than the history of a single theory, [Big Bang] is an argument for the scientific method and for the illuminating power of human reason."

References

External links
"Big Bang" web page at Simon Singh's site
Big Bang at GoogleBooks

2004 non-fiction books
Astronomy books
Books by Simon Singh
Popular physics books
English-language books
Cosmology books
Fourth Estate books
Books about the history of physics
Bernice Manocherian

Bernice Manochehrian (born 1930) is the former President of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee.

Biography
Manocherian is a member of AIPAC's National Board of Directors and project manager for the Whitehall Development Corporation.

Personal life
She was married to Eskander Manochehrian, managing partner of Manocherian Brothers, a New York-based real-estate development and management firm, and a vice president of the Rent Stabilization Association of New York. They had four children: sons, Jeffrey (born 1952) and Donald (born 1958), and daughters Cynthia (born 1962) and Dr. Darel Manocherian Benaim. Her husband died in 1999. Her son Jeffrey Manocherian is president of Manocherian Brothers and is married to Cynthia Moses, daughter of Community Housing Improvement Program founder and real estate developer William A. Moses.  Her brother-in-law is real estate developer Fraydun Manocherian.

References

American Israel Public Affairs Committee
20th-century American Jews
Living people
Manocherian family
1930 births
21st-century American Jews