alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
HelenOS

HelenOS is an operating system based on a multiserver microkernel design. The source code of HelenOS is written in C and published under the BSD-3-Clause license.

The system is described as a “research development open-source operating system”.

Technical overview 
The microkernel handles multitasking, memory management and inter-process communication. It also provides kernel-based threads and supports symmetric multiprocessing.

Typical to microkernel design, file systems, networking, device drivers and graphical user interface are isolated from each other into a collection of user space components that communicate via a message bus.

Each process (called task) can contain several threads (preemptively scheduled by the kernel) which, in turn, can contain several fibers scheduled cooperatively in user space. Device and file-system drivers, as well as other system services, are implemented by a collection of user-space tasks (servers), creating thus the multiserver nature of HelenOS.

Tasks communicate via HelenOS IPC, which is connection oriented and asynchronous. It can be used to send small fixed-size messages, blocks of bytes or to negotiate sharing of memory. Messages can be forwarded without copying bulk data or mapping memory to the address space of middle-men tasks.

Development 
HelenOS development is community-driven. The developer community consists of a small core team, mainly staff and former and contemporary students of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics at Charles University in Prague, and a number of contributors around the world. In 2011, 2012 and 2014, HelenOS participated in the Google Summer of Code as a mentoring organization. In 2013, the project was a mentoring organization in the ESA Summer of Code in Space 2013 program.

The source code of HelenOS is published under the BSD-3-Clause license, while some third-party components are available under the GNU General Public License. Both of these licences are free software licenses, making HelenOS free software.

Hardware support 
HelenOS runs on several different CPU architectures including ARM, x86-64, IA-32, IA-64 (Itanium), MIPS, PowerPC (32-bit only),  SPARC V9 and RISC-V. At some point in time, various versions of HelenOS ran on real hardware from each architecture (as opposed to running only in a simulator of that architecture).

HelenOS supports PATA, SATA, USB mass storage, USB HID, an Atheros USB WiFi dongle, several Ethernet network cards, SoundBlaster 16 and Intel HDA audio devices, serial ports, keyboards, mice and framebuffers.

Research and academic use 
HelenOS is being used for research in the area of software components and verification by the Department of Distributed and Dependable Systems, Charles University, Prague. Besides that, HelenOS has been used by students as a platform for software projects and master theses.

References

External links

 HelenOS home page
 HelenOS theses, papers and documentation.
 HelenOS on GitHub

Free software operating systems
Microkernel-based operating systems
MIPS operating systems
X86 operating systems
Microkernels
Software using the BSD license
Hobbyist operating systems
Thomas Dorland

Thomas Dorland (1759 – March 5, 1832) was a farmer, soldier and political figure in Upper Canada.

Born in Dutchess County, New York, Dorland was a member of a family of Dutch Quakers; the family name was originally spelled "Dorlandt". During the American Revolution, he broke with Quaker doctrines against violence and fought with the British and became a member of a company of soldiers led by Peter Van Alstine. After the war, he settled in Adolphustown Township in Upper Canada and later joined the Church of England.

He was appointed justice of the peace in the Midland District in 1800 and also represented Lennox and Addington in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1804 to 1812. He was a captain in the local militia and served during the War of 1812. From 1802 to 1824, Dorland operated a ferry between Adolphustown and Van Alstine's Mills (Glenora) in Prince Edward County.

Dorland was reported to have enslaved as many as 20 people.

He died at Adolphustown in 1832.

His brother Philip had been elected to the 1st Parliament of Upper Canada but was unseated because, as a practicing Quaker, he refused to take the oath of office.

References 
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1759 births
1832 deaths
Politicians from Dutchess County, New York
British emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
Canadian people of Dutch descent
Immigrants to Upper Canada
Canadian justices of the peace
Canadian slave owners
1960 in association football

The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1960 throughout the world.

Clubs founded
 NK Maribor

Events
Copa Libertadores 1960
Won by Peñarol after defeating Olimpia Asunción on an aggregate score of 2–1.
European Cup 1959-60
Real Madrid beat Eintracht Frankfurt, 7–3, in the final at Hampden Park
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1958-60
FC Barcelona defeated Birmingham City in the final, 4–1, on aggregate
1960 International Soccer League
Bangu beat Kilmarnock F.C., 2–0, in the final at the Polo Grounds
April 3 – Humphrey Mijnals becomes the first player from Surinamese descent who makes his debut for the Netherlands national football team when Holland defeats Bulgaria (4–2) in a friendly.

Winners club national championship
 : Club Atlético Independiente
 : Palmeiras
 : Burnley
 : Stade de Reims
 : Újpest FC
 : Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C.
 : Juventus
 : Chivas Guadalajara
 : Ajax Amsterdam
 : Olimpia Asunción
 : Torpedo Moscow
 : Barcelona
 : IFK Norrköping
 : Beşiktaş

International tournaments
 UEFA European Football Championship in France (July 6 – 10 1960)
 
 
 
Olympic Games in Rome, Italy (August 26 – September 10, 1960)
 
 
 
1960 British Home Championship (October 3, 1959 – April 15, 1960)
Shared by ,  and

Births
 January 3 – Washington César Santos, Brazilian international footballer (died 2014)
 February 10 – Miguel Bossio, Uruguayan international footballer
 February 27 – Jan van Grinsven, Dutch footballer
 March 27 – Hans Pflügler, German international footballer
 April 4 – Marvin Obando, Costa Rican footballer
 April 11 – Marko Elsner, Slovenian international footballer (died 2020)
 April 14 – Gian Piero Ventrone, Italian coach and athletic trainer (died 2022)
 April 16 – Pierre Littbarski, German international footballer and manager
 April 18 – Zvjezdan Cvetković, Yugoslavian international footballer and Croatian Serb manager (died 2017)
 April 29 – Ron de Groot, Dutch footballer and manager
 June 25 – Craig Johnston, Australian footballer
 July 20 – Lauren Gregg, American soccer coach
 August 9 – Viorel Turcu, Romanian international footballer (died 2020) 
 August 24 – Jimmy Montanero, Ecuadorian international footballer 
 August 28 – Julio César Romero, Paraguayan footballer
 October 30 – Diego Maradona, Argentine international footballer (died 2020)
 November 26 – Rémy Vogel, French international footballer (died 2016)
 November 27 – Martin van Geel, Dutch footballer
 November 30 – Gary Lineker, English international footballer and TV presenter
 December 20 – Piet Keur, Dutch footballer
 December 31 – Steve Bruce, English international

Deaths

June
 June 25 - Charlie Buchan (68), English international footballer (born 1891)

September
 September 15 - Héctor Castro, Uruguayan striker, winner of the 1930 FIFA World Cup. (55, Heart attack)

References

 
Association football by year
Monk's Wall nature reserve

The Monk's Wall nature reserve is located a short distance from the quay in Sandwich, Kent and is ideal for seeing wild duck and other wildlife in a wetland habitat. The reserve was opened by celebrity bird-watcher Bill Oddie in May 2000. Sandwich Bay Bird Observatory Trust proposed the design and a management plan which included modifications to ditches and control of water levels to create ecological conditions that attract wetland species of plants, animals and birds.

Historically the land was reclaimed from the river and sea by the monks of Sandwich and the northern boundary is still the old Monks' wall of the 13th century. In the 1953 floods the sea covered the whole area around Sandwich and after these fields were drained a new river bank was created and the land ploughed for arable farming with heavy use of fertiliser. 

The site covers  and attracts many rare and migratory birds such as long-billed waders and the red-rumped swallow. The nature reserve recreates wet grazing meadows which were common before land was drained for agriculture. Returning the site to its natural state has also allowed the establishment of many other indigenous plants and animals.

The current warden is Ken Chapman.

The local community benefits from the programme as a footpath around the reserve allows easy access for walkers and bird watchers.

References

Nature reserves in Kent
Sandwich, Kent
Redan (disambiguation)

Redanis a fortification work in a V-shaped salient angled toward an expected attack

Redan may also refer to:

Places
Redan, Georgia, a town in the United States
Redan High School
Redan Island, Canada
Redan, Ontario
Redan, Victoria, a suburb of Ballarat, Australia
 A hamlet in Inkerman, Renfrewshire
 A community in Elizabethtown-Kitley, Ontario Township in Ontario, Canada

Surname
 Iwan Redan (born 1980), Dutch footballer
 Daishawn Redan (born 2001), Dutch footballer

Other
Redan hole, a golf hole with a sloping, "v" shaped green, named after the fortification

See also
Niemeyer–Dolan technique

The Niemeyer–Dolan technique, also called the Dolan technique, angular evaporation, or the shadow evaporation technique, is a thin-film lithographic method to create nanometer-sized overlapping structures.

This technique uses an evaporation mask that is suspended above the substrate (see figure). The evaporation mask can be formed from two or more layers of resist, to allow creation of the extreme undercut needed. Depending on the evaporation angle, the shadow image of the mask is projected onto different positions on the substrate. By carefully choosing the angle for each material to be deposited, adjacent openings in the mask can be projected onto the same spot, creating an overlay of two thin films with a well-defined geometry.

Efforts to create multilayered structures are complicated by a need to align each layer with those below it; as all openings are on the same mask, shadow evaporation reduces this need by being self-aligning. Additionally, this allows the substrate to be kept under high vacuum, as there is no need to increase pressure to switch between multiple masks. Due to its downsides, including restrictions on feature density from excess evaporated material, shadow evaporation is generally only suitable for very low scale integration.

Usage
The Niemeyer–Dolan technique is used to create multi-layer thin-film electronic nanostructures such as quantum dots and tunnel junctions.

See also 
Charging effects in niobium nanostructures

References

Nanoelectronics
Atef

Atef () is the specific feathered white crown of the ancient Egyptian deity Osiris. It combines the Hedjet,  the white crown of Upper Egypt, with curly ostrich feathers on each side of the crown for the Osiris cult. The feathers are identified as ostrich from their curl or curve at the upper ends, with a slight flare toward the base. They are the same feather as (singly) worn by Maat. They may be compared with the falcon tail feathers in two-feather crowns such as those of Amun, which are more narrow and straight without curve.

The Atef crown identifies Osiris in ancient Egyptian painting. Osiris wears the Atef crown as a symbol of the ruler of the underworld. The tall bulbous white piece in the center of the crown is between two ostrich feathers. The feathers represent truth and justice. The Atef crown is similar, save for the feathers, to the plain white crown (Hedjet) first recorded in the Predynastic Period and worn as a symbol for pharaonic Upper Egypt.

See also

 Deshret – Red Crown of Lower Egypt
 Hemhem crown – triple Atef
 Khepresh – Blue or War Crown 
 Pschent – Double Crown of Lower & Upper Egypt
 Shuti hieroglyph (two-feather adornment)

References

 Budge.  An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary, E.A.Wallace Budge, (Dover Publications), c 1978, (c 1920), Dover edition, 1978. (In two volumes) (softcover, )

Crowns (headgear)
Egyptian mythology
Osiris
Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics

The Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics is a research institute for molecular genetics based in Berlin, Germany. It is part of the Max Planck Institute network of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science.

Departments and research groups 

 Department of Developmental Genetics (Bernhard Herrmann)
Department of Genome Regulation (Alexander Meissner)
Genome Regulation Group (Alexander Meissner)
Stem Cell Chromatin Group (Aydan Bulut-Karslioglu)
Lab for Human Brain & Neural Stem Cell Studies (Yechiel Elkabetz)
Precision Gene Control group (Denes Hnisz)
Cellular Phenotyping Group (Franz-Josef Müller)
Department of Computational Molecular Biology (Martin Vingron)
Transcriptional Regulation Group (Martin Vingron)
Mechanisms of Transcriptional Regulation Group (Sebastiaan H. Meijsing)
Chromatin Structure and Function Group (Sarah Kinkley)
Bioinformatics Group (Ralf Herwig)
Research Group Evolutionary Genomics (Peter Arndt)
Otto Warburg Laboratories
Quantitative RNA Biology (Tugce Aktas)
Epigenomics (Ho-Ryun Chung)
RNA Bioinformatics (Annalisa Marsico)
Nascent Transcription & Cell Differentiation (Andreas Mayer)
Regulatory Networks in Stem Cells (Edda Schulz)
Gene Regulation & System Biology of Cancer (Marie-Laure Yaspo)
Cell Signaling Dynamics (Zhike Zi)
Efficient Algorithms for Omics Data (Knut Reinert)
Scientific Services
Flow Cytometry Facility (Claudia Giesecke-Thiel)
Mass Spectrometry Facility (David Meierhofer)
Microscopy & Cryo-Electron Microscopy Unit (Thorsten Mielke)
Sequencing Core Facility (Bernd Timmermann)

References

External links
 Institute Homepage
 https://www.mpg.de/151834/molecular-genetics

Education in Berlin
Genetics in Germany
Genetics or genomics research institutions
Molecular Genetics
Research institutes in Berlin
Hans Coray

Hans Coray (1906–1991) was a Swiss artist and furniture designer, best known for his 1938 Landi chair.
He was born on 9 June 1906 in Wald, Zurich, and died on 22 November 1991 in Zurich.

He studied Romance languages at the University of Zurich and obtained his doctorate in 1929.

In 1930, he set up as a furniture designer. With Anton Stankowski, Richard P. Lohse, Heiri Steiner, Hans Neuburg, Hans Fischli, Verena Loewensberg, Max Bill and others, he formed a cultural group in connection with the Zurich School of Concrete.

His most significant project is the Landi chair, which was a winning entry for the .
Coray is known for the functionality and simplicity of his designs, and is considered a pioneer of industrial design.

Since 2004, his Landi chair has featured on a series of Swiss postage stamps that has Swiss "design classic" as its theme.

External links 
 
 Short biography with picture

References

1906 births
1991 deaths
Swiss designers
Coleraine Cheddar

Coleraine Cheddar is a brand of cheese which originated in Northern Ireland.

History 
The product range was originally manufactured at a factory which was built in 1948 in Coleraine, County Londonderry for the manufacture of roller and spray dried powders, sterilised cream, butter and other products, and in 1951, the plant was expanded to begin production of about 5 tonnes of cheddar cheese a day from about 13,000 gallons of full cream milk. By the early 1960s the factory was taken over by Fisons.

Coleraine Cheddar continues to be distributed under the name of Dairy Produce Packers Ltd of Coleraine, part of the Kerry Group, but the cheeses are mostly made in a factory in Portadown, County Armagh. The Coleraine factory makes only processed cheese slices for the supermarket/fast food industries. The Portadown company makes Coleraine Cheddar, Coleraine Mature White Cheddar, Coleraine Medium Cheddar, Coleraine Mild White Cheddar and Royal Canadian Mature Cheddar.

See also
 List of British cheeses

References

Cow's-milk cheeses
Cheeses from Northern Ireland
Latin Arch

Latin Arch or Latin Arc (French, Occitan: ; Catalan: Arc Llatí; Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Galician: Arco Latino) is a name coined for the littoral around the northwestern Mediterranean Basin, which stretches from the bottom of the Italian Peninsula at Malta, along the eastern coast of Sicily, the west Italian coast, Southern France, the eastern Spanish coast, finishing at Gibraltar, encapsulating the Balearic Islands, Corsica, and Sardinia.

This forms the shape of an arch, and seen as the core of Latin Europe.

Arco Latino (Organization)

Latin Arch (Arco Latino) is also the formal name of an organisation of mutual cooperation between the sub-national entities of the mentioned region, which was founded in 1998. The organisation was originally composed of the Mediterranean départements and provinces. It now has 66 members.

Mediterranean Latin Arch (Organization)
A geo-strategic economic integration area is underway, known as the Mediterranean Latin Arch, which is aimed to be finished by 2020.

References

Mediterranean
Regions of Europe
Kaçkar Mountains

The Kaçkar Mountains (; , Kajkar), or the Mountains of Khaghtik (), are a mountain range that rises above the Black Sea coast in northeastern Turkey.

With the highest peak, Kaçkar Dağı, at an elevation of , and mountain plateaus at about  in elevation, the range is the highest part of the Pontic Mountains. The Kaçkars are glaciated mountains that are alpine in character, with steep rocky peaks and numerous mountain lakes. The area was declared a national park in 1994.  Recreational activities in the park include hiking, camping, mountaineering, and, increasingly, heliskiing.

Etymology

The name Kaçkar derives from the Armenian term khachkar (), which literally means "cross stone". The name may be used in various senses. It may describe the whole mountain range, including the many mountain groups, or it may just describe the Kaçkar-Kavron group with its highest peak, or just the highest peak itself. The local name of the highest peak or its mountain group Kaçkar Dağı translates to Kaçkar Mountain, and the name of the range Kaçkar Dağları translates to Kaçkar Mountains.

Geography

On the south and east, the Kaçkar Mountains are bordered by the Çoruh river valley; on the north, by the Black Sea coast.

Major mountain groups
Altıparmak group
Kavron (or Kaçkar-Kavron)
Verçenik group

Trekking 

Kaçkar Mountains are one of the best trekking sites in Turkey. Kaçkars have two ideal trekking routes. The first is from the Black Sea side; the path is clear and it is easy to trek, while the Çoruh side is more difficult and hazardous. 
Kaçkar Mountains are cold and have glaciers, hence ice axes and crampons are required. The best time for trekking is between June and September.

Gallery

See also
Rize
Çağlayan River

References

External links
 Hiking and Climbing Routes, GPS sources

Mountain ranges of Turkey
National parks of Turkey
Black Sea Region
Landforms of Rize Province
Tourist attractions in Rize Province
Mahesh Manjrekar

Mahesh Vaman Manjrekar (Marathi pronunciation: [məɦeːʃ maːɲd͡zɾekəɾ]; born 16 August 1958) is an Indian actor, film director, screenwriter and producer who works primarily in Hindi films, alongside Marathi, Telugu and Bhojpuri films. He is credited with directing the critically acclaimed films Vaastav: The Reality (1999), Astitva (2000) and Viruddh... Family Comes First (2005). He has won a National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi for Astitva and two Star Screen Awards. He is also known as host of the reality show, Bigg Boss Marathi since 2018.

Early life 
Mahesh Manjrekar was born on 16 August 1958 in Mumbai, Maharashtra (erstwhile Bombay state). He was brought up in a Marathi Karhade Brahmin family.

Personal life

Manjrekar was married to Deepa Mehta, a costume designer but they were divorced with whom he has two children. Later, he married Medha Manjrekar. They have a daughter, Saiee Manjrekar, who is an actress. He has a stepdaughter from Medha's first husband.

Career 
Manjrekar has acted in several films, including some of his own productions. He was first seen in the Door darshan Marathi series named Kshitij, in which he played a leprosy patient. He first gained acclaim as an actor for his performance in the 2002 film Kaante, and later played negative roles in the Tamil film Arrambam (2013), Telugu film Okkadunnadu (2007) and as the gangster Javed in the film Slumdog Millionaire (2008). He played Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in the Marathi film Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy. He also played the role of Harpeez Dongara in the Aakhri Chunauti series of episodes in the Indian TV series C.I.D.. Manjrekar was acclaimed for the role as inspector D.R. Talpade in the movie Wanted.

He was a MNS candidate from Mumbai North West in the 2014 Lok Sabha Elections but lost to Gajanan Kirtikar of Shiv Sena.

Filmography

Actor

Television

Web series

Production 
In 2011, he launched his own production company with Aniruddha Deshpande called Great Maratha Entertainment LLP Productions.

The first film made under the banner was the Fakta Ladh Mhana which is one of the most expensive Marathi films.

Awards and nominations

References

External links
 

1958 births
Indian male film actors
21st-century Indian film directors
Film producers from Mumbai
Indian male screenwriters
Living people
Film directors from Mumbai
Hindi-language film directors
Male actors in Hindi cinema
Marathi film directors
Male actors in Marathi cinema
Candidates in the 2014 Indian general election
Maharashtra Navnirman Sena politicians
Indian actor-politicians
Male actors from Mumbai
21st-century Indian male actors
Politicians from Mumbai
Male actors in Hindi television
Hindi film producers
Indian television directors
Male actors in Telugu cinema
Male actors in Tamil cinema
Male actors in Bengali cinema
Bigg Boss
1959 in association football

The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1959 throughout the world.

Events
October 25 – Sparta Rotterdam makes a winning European debut by defeating Sweden's IFK Göteborg in the second round of the European Cup. All three goals for the Dutch side are scored by Joop Daniëls.

Winners club national championship
 : San Lorenzo
 : Bahia
 : Universidad de Chile
 : OGC Nice
 : Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C.
 : KR
 : A.C. Milan
 : Chivas Guadalajara
 : Sparta Rotterdam
 : Olimpia Asunción
 : FC Dynamo Moscow
 : Barcelona
 : Fenerbahçe
 : Eintracht Frankfurt

International tournaments
1959 British Home Championship (October 4, 1958 – April 11, 1959)
Shared by  and 

 African Cup of Nations in Egypt (May 22 – 29 1959)
 
 
 
 Pan American Games in Chicago, United States (August 21 – September 5, 1959)

Births

 January 23 — Eustorgio Sánchez, Venezuelan football goalkeeper
 February 7 — Sammy Lee (footballer), English international footballer and manager
 March 4 — Romeo Zondervan, Dutch international footballer
 March 20 — Roland Sikinger, American professional soccer player
 May 20 — Juan Carlos Letelier, Chilean international footballer
 May 26 — Róger Flores, Costa Rican international footballer
 July 25 — Fyodor Cherenkov; Soviet and Russian international footballer and manager (died 2014)
 July 31 — Wilmar Cabrera, Uruguayan international footballer
 September 4 — Fernando Alvez, Uruguayan international footballer
 November 8 — Selçuk Yula, Turkish international
 November 11 — Mauricio Peña, Mexican footballer (died 2010)
 November 14 — José Figueroa, Honduran international footballer
 November 17 — Thomas Allofs, German international footballer
 November 22 — Marek Ostrowski, Polish international footballer (died 2017)
 November 28 — Pedro Acosta, Venezuelan international footballer
 December 11 — Thandwa Moreki, Botswana footballer
 December 19 — Edward Metgod, Dutch football goalkeeper and manager

Deaths

May 
 May 18 – Enrique Guaita, Argentine/Italian striker, winner of the 1934 FIFA World Cup and topscorer of the 1934-35 Serie A. (48)

November 
 November 8 – Heleno de Freitas, Brazilian striker, topscorer at the South American Championship 1945. (39)

References

 
Association football by year
Operation Archer

Operation Archer is the Canadian Forces contribution to Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. It began in July 2005 with the deployment of a 220-member "theater activation team" to Kandahar.

Operation ARCHER is structurally part of the Combined Security Transition Command – Afghanistan (CSTC-A) that seeks to mentor and instruct the Afghan government and its departments. The purpose of Operation Archer is the reconstruction of Afghanistan through the establishment of infrastructure, providing security, and assisting in training the Afghan National Army.

Opposition
Operation Archer is politically controversial, both among activist groups and members of Parliament.

References

External links
Official Canadian Forces Operations Map 

Archer
Archer
Properdin

Properdin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFP (complement factor properdin) gene.

Properdin is plasma glycoprotein that activates the complement system of the innate immune system.  This protein binds to bacterial cell walls and dying human cells to stabilize the C3 and C5-convertase enzyme complexes to form an attack complex that lead to the lysis of the cell.

Structure
Properdin is a gamma globulin protein composed of multiple identical protein subunits with a separate ligand-binding site. Native properdin occurs in head-to-tail dimers, trimers and tetramers in the fixed ratio 22:52:28.

Function
It is known that it participates in some specific immune responses. It plays a part in tissue inflammation as well as the engulfing of pathogens by phagocytes. In addition it is known to help to neutralize some viruses.

The properdin promotes the association of C3b with Factor B and provides a focal point for the assembly of C3bBb on a surface. It binds to preformed alternative pathway C3-convertases. Properdin also inhibits the Factor H – mediated cleavage of C3b by Factor I.

The alternative pathway is not dependent on antibodies. This branch of the complement system is activated by IgA immune complexes and bacterial endotoxins, polysaccharides, and cell walls, and results in producing anaphylatoxins, opsonins, chemotactic factors, and the membrane attack complex, all of which help fight pathogens.

History
Properdin was discovered in 1954 by Dr. Louis Pillemer of the Institute of Pathology (now the Department of Pathology at Case Western Reserve University).

Deficiency
Properdin deficiency is a rare X-linked disease in which properdin is deficient. Affected individuals are susceptible to fulminant meningococcal disease.

References

External links
 

Complement system
1958 in association football

The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1958 throughout the world.

Events
 February 6 – Munich Air Disaster: Following a European Cup quarter-final tie in Belgrade against Red Star Belgrade, Matt Busby's Manchester United stop over in Munich for refueling. Two attempts to take off from the Munich-Riem airport are aborted, with a third attempted at 3:04pm on Flight BE609, a British European Airways "Elizabethan" class Airspeed Ambassador charter aircraft G-ALZU 'Lord Burghley'. On take off, the aeroplane, carrying players and backroom staff of Manchester United F.C., plus a number of British journalists and supporters, crashed in a blizzard. Twenty-three of the 43 passengers on board the aircraft died in the disaster, including eight Manchester United players, of whom seven died instantly, including the team's captain Roger Byrne. Centre-half Duncan Edwards succumbed to his injuries three weeks later. Two other players were forced to retire from professional football as a result of their injuries. Manager Busby was left fighting for his life, and was given the Last Rites twice, before eventually returning to Manchester in time for the start of the following season.
October 1 – Dutch club VV DOS from Utrecht makes its European debut by losing to Portugal's Sporting Lisboa (3-4) in the first round of the European Cup.

Winners club national championship
 : Racing Club
 : Wolverhampton Wanderers
 : Stade de Reims
 : Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.
 : Juventus F.C.
 : Zacatepec
 : DOS
 : Olimpia Asunción
 : ŁKS Łódź
 : FC Spartak Moscow
 : Real Madrid
 : FC Schalke 04

International tournaments
1958 British Home Championship (October 19, 1957 – April 19, 1958)
Shared by  and 

 FIFA World Cup in Sweden (June 8 – 29 1958)

Births
 January 3 – Liliana Mammina
 February 1 – Luther Blissett, English international footballer and manager
 February 22 – Paolo Borelli, Italian former professional footballer
 April 9 – Victor Diogo, Uruguayan international footballer
 April 11 – Wout Holverda, Dutch footballer (died 2021)
 April 29 – Sergey Goryunov, Russian football coach and former Soviet player
 May 12 – José María Rivas, Salvadorian international footballer (died 2016)
 June 29 – Ralf Rangnick, German professional football coach, executive, and former player
 July 4 – Carl Valentine, Canadian international soccer player and manager
 July 12 – Duncan Cole, New Zealand international footballer (died 2014)
 July 14 – José Luis Russo, Uruguayan international footballer
 July 15 – Austin Hayes, Irish footballer (died 1986)
 August 12 – Héctor Zelaya, Honduran international footballer
 September 3 – José Carlos Chaves, Costa Rican footballer
 September 29 – Ron Jans, Dutch footballer and manager
 October 11 – Peter van Velzen, Dutch footballer and manager

Deaths

 February 21 – Duncan Edwards - Manchester United player.
 November 28 – Karl Flink; German international footballer (born 1895)

 
Association football by year
1957 in association football

The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1957 throughout the world.

Events
 February 8 – The Confederation of African Football is founded at a meeting in Khartoum, Sudan.
 October 19 – Scottish club Celtic F.C. beat their deadliest rivals Rangers F.C. 7–1 in the Scottish League Cup final at Hampden Park in Glasgow.
 November 20 – Dutch club Ajax Amsterdam makes its European debut by defeating DDR's SC Wismut (1-3) in the first round of the European Cup.

Winners club national championship
 : River Plate
 : R. Antwerp F.C.
 : Emelec
 : Manchester United
 : AS Saint-Etienne
 : Vasas SC
 : Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.
 : A.C. Milan
 : Ajax Amsterdam
 : Olimpia Asunción
 : FC Dynamo Moscow
 : Real Madrid
 : IFK Norrköping
 : Borussia Dortmund

International tournaments
 African Cup of Nations in Sudan (February 10 – 16 1957)
 
 
 
 1957 South American Championship in Peru (March 7 – April 6, 1957)
 
 
1957 British Home Championship (October 6, 1956 – April 6, 1957)
 
 Copa Julio Argentino Roca in Brazil (July 7 – 10 1957)

Births
 January 5 – Karl Allgöwer, German footballer
 January 11 – Bryan Robson, English footballer and manager
 January 19 – Fabrizio Casanova, retired Swiss footballer
 February 1 – Walter Schachner, Austrian footballer and manager
 February 9 – Gordon Strachan, Scottish footballer and manager
 February 28 – Jan Ceulemans, Belgian footballer and manager
 March 12 – Patrick Battiston, French footballer
 May 5 – Said Azimshah Garibzada, Afghan-born former football player and trainer
 May 9 – Fulvio Collovati, Italian footballer
 July 15 — Craig Martin, Canadian soccer player
 September 3 – Walter Kelsch, German footballer
 September 6 – Zhivko Gospodinov, Bulgarian footballer
 September 11 – Plamen Markov, Bulgarian footballer
 September 11 – Preben Elkjær, Danish footballer
 September 26 – Klaus Augenthaler, German footballer and manager
 October 8 – Antonio Cabrini, Italian footballer
 October 25 – Piet Wildschut, Dutch footballer
 October 27 – Glenn Hoddle, English footballer and manager

Deaths

January
 January 18 – Alvaro Gestido, Uruguayan midfielder, winner of the 1930 FIFA World Cup. (49)

October
 October 5 – José Leandro Andrade, Uruguayan midfielder, winner of the 1930 FIFA World Cup. (55, Tuberculosis)

References

 
Association football by year
Greenside, Gauteng

Greenside, is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. Greenside borders on the suburbs Emmarentia, Parkview, Parkhurst and Victory Park.

History
Greenside lies on land that once made up the Braamfontein Farm, one of many large farms that makes what is Johannesburg and its suburbs. The farm land was bought in 1886 by Lourens Geldenhuys for its mining rights as it was hoped that the Confidence Reef would extend into his farm but it did not. Land remained as a farm and by 1891 it was divided, along what is now Orange Road, between his son's Frans and Louw where the brothers had already built two farm houses. Louw Geldenhuys died in 1929 and his wife Emmarentia would begin to sell parts of the farm that became the surrounding suburbs, one of which became Greenside on 4 February 1931 and was surveyed by the Rand Mines Group.

Greenside's name is considered to be Scottish in origin, and refers to the adjacent Parkview Golf Club. The golf course has its origins much earlier than the suburb, established in 1916 and modified again in 1930. Most of the roads in Greenside were named after golf courses or professional golfers. Leitch Road was named after the Scottish golfer Charlotte Cecilia Pitcairn Leitch. Quimet Street is named after the America golfer Francis Ouimet - how the confusion arose between the O and the Q is not known - suffice to say that it causes never-ending confusion as to the pronunciation of the street name (should it be pronounced in the French or American style), and for people seeking to locate the street. By 1940, Greenside Primary School had been established and Greenside High School would follow in January 1961. Pirates Sports & Rugby Club was based in the suburb from 1952 on land donated to the City of Johannesburg by the Sir Lionel Phillips Trust based inside the Sir Lionel Phillips Park, though the club originated elsewhere in 1888.

Areas of interest
Greenside has recently become a restaurant centre with about a dozen high-end restaurants, giving it a similar atmosphere to Parkhurst, Norwood and Melville. Other places of interest are:

 Village Green Shopping Centre
 Pirates Sports & Rugby Club
 Sir Lionel Phillips Park
 Parkview Golf Club

Education
 Greenside High School
 Greenside Primary School
 Greenside Design Center College of Design

References

External links
Greenside Residents Association
Greenside High School website
Suburbs of Johannesburg on south-african-hotels.com
Scottish placenames in Johannesburg, South Africa
The Emmarentia Residents' Association
Emmarentia Greenside Security Association

Johannesburg Region B
Keynote (disambiguation)

A keynote in literature, music or public speaking is the principal underlying theme of a larger idea.

Keynote may also refer to:
 Tonic (music), the first note of a major or minor scale, from which the 'key' takes its name
 Keynote (presentation software), presentation creation software designed by Apple, Inc.
 Keynote (notetaking software), Windows note-taking software designed by Tranglos Software
 Keynote Records, a record label
 Keynote Flour, a former brand of flour sold in Canada
 Keynote DeviceAnywhere, a subsidiary of Keynote Systems, Inc.
 Keynote Systems, a US-based Internet company
The Keynotes, 1940s UK vocal quartet before The Johnston Brothers, contracted to Decca
Bill Maynard and The Keynotes, United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1957
Primo Scala and The Keynotes, Cruising Down the River

See also
 Keynotes (disambiguation)
1955 in association football

The following are the association football events of the year 1955 throughout the world.

Events
March 13 – For the first time in history of Dutch football the professionals are allowed to play for the Netherlands national football team. Against Denmark, Faas Wilkes plays his first international match for the Dutch in six years, after signing in Italy in 1949.
England - FA Cup: Newcastle United win 3-1 over Manchester City
September 21 – Dutch club PSV Eindhoven makes its European debut with a defeat (6-1) against Austria's Rapid Wien in the first round of the European Cup.

Winners club national championship

Primera – River Plate

Division 1 – Chelsea

French Division 1 – Stade de Reims

1. Deild – KR

Liga Leumit – Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C.

Serie A – A.C. Milan
 
Division A - Aberdeen

La Liga – Real Madrid
Copa del Rey – Athletic Bilbao
West-Germany
League – Rot-Weiß Essen

Domestic cups
England
FA Cup – Newcastle
Scotland 
Scottish Cup - Clyde

International tournaments
1955 British Home Championship (October 2, 1954 – April 20, 1955)

Pan American Games in Mexico City, Mexico (March 13 – April 22, 1955)
Gold Medal: 
Silver Medal: 
Bronze Medal:

Births
January 10 — Franco Tancredi, Italian footballer and manager
January 18 — Tibor Nyilasi, Hungarian international footballer
February 8 — Bruno Pezzey, Austrian international footballer (died 1994)
February 15 — Ordan Aguirre, Venezuelan international footballer
March 6 — Ray Tumbridge, English former professional footballer
March 12 — Kirk Corbin, Barbadian former professional footballer
March 13 — Bruno Conti, Italian international footballer
April 1 — Roberto Pruzzo, Italian international footballer
May 1 — Bobby Lenarduzzi, Canadian international soccer player
June 21 — Michel Platini, French international footballer, 6th president of UEFA
June 28 — Heribert Weber, Austrian international footballer
July 25 — Milan Ružić, Yugoslavian international footballer (died 2014)
August 8 — Herbert Prohaska, Austrian international footballer
September 1 — Gerhard Strack, German international footballer (died 2020)
September 22 — Ludo Coeck, Belgian international footballer (died 1985)
September 25 — Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, German international footballer
October 11 — Hans-Peter Briegel, German international footballer
October 12 — Einar Jan Aas, Norwegian international footballer
November 28 — Alessandro Altobelli, Italian international footballer
December 24 — Cees Schapendonk, Dutch international footballer

Deaths

January
 November 11 – Ramón Muttis, Argentine defender, runner-up of the 1930 FIFA World Cup. (55)

References

 
Association football by year
Selector technique

The selector technique is a method to amplify and multiplex genomic DNA.

Process 
Genomic DNA is digested with restriction enzymes, circularized by hybridisation to selectors and subsequently attached to a vector sequence by ligation. The procedure results in circular DNA molecules with an included general primer pair motif that can be used for amplification by PCR or RCA.

Selector construct

A selector consists of two oligonucleotides, one Vector oligonucleotide and one Selector probe. Together they form one Selector with target specific ends on each side of a general primer motif.

Selection mechanisms

 A selector probe hybridizes with both ends of the selected target.
 A selector probe hybridizes with one end to the 3’ end of the target and the other end to an internal sequence of the target. The protruding 5' end is cleaved off using Taq polymerase.

Publications
Demonstration of the selector method
The PieceMaker software for designing selector experiments

DNA
Stalida

Stalida (Greek: Σταλίδα, older form Stalis) is a village that lies between Malia and Hersonissos on the north coast of Crete, Greece. The name derives from the Greek verb stalizo, which means 'stop for a rest' as this was a location where shepherds and farms rested in between villages. It is a lively resort, attracting tourists from many European countries. It has a long, sandy beach and a variety of shops, bars and tavernas. From Stalis, the Bulgarian trail leads to Mochos village, built by the captive Bulgarians during WWII. In the village's main square, one finds the Byzantine church of St. Ioannis (St. John) dating back to 1600. Popular with families, it is 30 km from Nikos Kazantsakis airport in Heraklion.

Resort
Quieter than the neighbouring resorts of Malia and Hersonissos, Stalis has a more relaxed atmosphere and still has a wide array of bars and restaurants. The resort is popular with a mix of nationalities.

Gallery

References

External links
 Stalis website

Populated places in Heraklion (regional unit)
Hersonissos
Hugh McCartney

Hugh McCartney (3 January 1920 – 28 February 2006) was a Scottish Labour Party politician.

Early life
Born in Glasgow, the son of a tram driver, McCartney studied at John Street Senior Secondary School in the Bridgeton area of the city, and at the Royal Technical College (later the University of Strathclyde) in the city centre. He joined the Independent Labour Party's Guild of Youth at the age of 14 and began a textile apprenticeship. He joined the Labour Party at 16. During the Second World War he entered engineering at Rolls-Royce in Coventry and for the Royal Air Force, becoming active as a trade unionist.

Political career
McCartney became a councillor on Kirkintilloch town council in 1955, and in 1965 a Dunbartonshire county councillor, serving on both bodies until 1970. That year he was elected to Parliament for the Clydeside seat of Dunbartonshire East, defeating Communist shipbuilders' trade union leader Jimmy Reid. McCartney too became active in supporting the Clydeside shipbuilding industry.

From 1974, McCartney represented Dunbartonshire Central, then Clydebank and Milngavie from 1983 after further boundary changes. A low-profile Member of Parliament, he was a Scottish whip and active in the TGWU and Scottish groups of Labour MPs. He retired from Parliament in 1987.

Personal life
McCartney was married to fellow trade unionist Margaret, with whom he had two daughters, Irene and Margaret, and one son, Ian McCartney. Ian also had a career in politics, and his roles included Minister of State for Trade, Chairman of the Labour Party and Member of Parliament for Makerfield between 1987 and 2010.

References

External links 
 

1920 births
2006 deaths
Scottish Labour MPs
Scottish Labour councillors
Politicians from Glasgow
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
Politicians from Kirkintilloch
1954 in association football

The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1954 throughout the world.

Events
 May 8 – The Asian Football Confederation is founded in Manila, Philippines.
 June 15 – UEFA is founded in Basel, Switzerland.

Winners club national championship
: KF Partizani Tirana
: Boca Juniors
: Rapid Vienna
: R.S.C. Anderlecht
 Bulgaria: CSKA Sofia
: Spartak Prague Sokolovo
 Denmark: Køge BK
 East Germany: BSG Turbine Erfurt
 England: Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.
 Faroe Islands: KÍ Klaksvík
 Finland: Pyrkivä Turku
: Lille OSC
 Greece: Olympiacos F.C.
 Hungary: Budapest Honvéd FC
: ÍA
: Shamrock Rovers F.C.
: Internazionale Milano F.C.
: Jeunesse Esch
: FC Eindhoven
: Linfield F.C.
: Skeid
: Polonia Bytom
: Sporting CP
 Romania: Flamura Roșie Arad
: Celtic F.C.
 Spain: Real Madrid
: GAIS
 Switzerland: FC La Chaux-de-Fonds
 USSR: Dynamo Moscow
: Hannover 96
: Dinamo Zagreb

International tournaments
1954 British Home Championship (October 10, 1953 – April 2, 1954)

 FIFA World Cup in Switzerland (June 16 – July 4, 1954)

Births
 January 5 — Jan Everse, Dutch footballer and manager
 January 20 — Daniela Sogliani
 February 7 — Jimmy Bailey, Honduran international footballer
 February 13 — Dominique Bathenay, French international footballer
 February 19 — Sócrates, Brazilian international footballer (died 2011)
 April 1 — Giancarlo Antognoni, Italian international footballer 
 April 14 — László Fekete, Hungarian international footballer (died 2014)
 April 19 — Trevor Francis, English international footballer and manager
 May 18 — Eric Gerets, Belgian international footballer and manager
 May 12 — Wolfgang Dremmler, German international footballer
 June 26 — Luis Arconada, Spanish international footballer
 July 15 — Mario Kempes, Argentinian international footballer
 August 18 — Jan Peters, Dutch international footballer
 August 22 — Emilio Campos, Venezuelan international footballer
 August 24 — Heini Otto, Dutch footballer and manager
 October 30 — Ramón Maradiaga, Honduran footballer and manager
 November 18 — Adrie Koster, Dutch footballer and manager
 December 1 — François Van der Elst, Belgian international footballer (died 2017)

Deaths
 January 31 – Vivian Woodward, English footballer (born 1879)

References

 
Association football by year
Soran District

Soran (, ) is a district and an independent administration of the Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region, bordering Iran and Turkey. Its main city is Soran.

Sub-Districts

Soran District is similar to a county, and the seat of government is in Diana, having previously been in Rawandiz.

There were five sub-districts in Soran, being Mergasur, Diyana, Khalifan, Rawandiz and Sidekan.

Recently, however, Rawandiz became a separate district.

References

Districts of Erbil Governorate
Presley Chweneyagae

Presley Chweneyagae (born October 19, 1984), is a South African actor of Tswana origin. He starred in the film Tsotsi, which won the Academy Award for Foreign Language Film at the 78th Academy Awards.  His mother, Agnes Keagile named him after her favourite singer, Elvis Presley. Although he had acted before in plays, Tsotsi was his first feature film. His most recent role is on the South African telenovela, The River as Thuso "Cobra" Mokoena.

He has recently been focusing on stage plays and more films. His latest films include More Than Just a Game, State of Violence and Africa United. He is currently doing a play about Solomon Mahlangu, a former MK cadre who was hanged at the age of 22.

Selected filmography
 Tsotsi (2005)
 iNumber Number (2013)
 Zama Zama (2013)
 The Number (2017)
 The River (2018)

References

External links

South African male film actors
1984 births
Living people
South African male stage actors
People from North West (South African province)
P&O European Ferries

P&O European Ferries (formerly Townsend Thoresen), a division of P&O Ferries, was a ferry company which operated in the English Channel from 1987 after the Herald of Free Enterprise disaster, when Townsend Thoresen was renamed P&O European Ferries, until 1999 when the Portsmouth Operations became P&O Portsmouth and the Dover Operations were merged with Stena Line AB to make P&O Stena Line.

History
P&O European Ferries was formed after the Townsend Thoresen ship, Herald of Free Enterprise, capsized outside Zeebrugge in 1987.  P&O owned the whole of European Group who marketed their ferry services as Townsend Thoresen.  After the bad publicity that the Zeebrugge disaster brought to the brand P&O quickly rebranded Townsend Thoresen as P&O European Ferries with all of the former TT fleet, all of the vessels received the Blue P&O hull and blue funnel.

In 1993 P&O launched a new Portsmouth to Bilbao route using the former Olympia and renamed her the Pride of Bilbao. In 1994 when Olau Line ceased operations the 2 German built superferries Olau Britannia and Olau Hollandia were chartered to P&O and they were both renamed the Pride of Portsmouth and the Pride of Le Havre respectively.  The new Pride of Le Havre replaced the first ship of that name which was renamed Pride of Cherbourg and replaced the original Pride of Cherbourg on the Portsmouth - Cherbourg route.

In 1998 P&O European Ferries Dover operations and Stena Line's Dover & Newhaven operations merged and became P&O Stena Line with P&O European Ferries putting forward their Dover - Calais and Dover - Zeebrugge route vessels forward and P&O Irish Sea was formed in 1998, following the merger of the Cairnryan-based service of P&O European Ferries (Felixstowe) Ltd and Pandoro (who operated routes between England, Scotland and France to Ireland), while the Portsmouth operations remained unchanged until 1999 when it became P&O Portsmouth.

Past fleet

Routes
 Dover - Calais
 Dover - Zeebrugge
 Portsmouth - Le Havre
 Portsmouth - Cherbourg
 Portsmouth - Bilbao
 Cairnryan - Larne
 Felixstowe - Rotterdam (Europort)
 Felixstowe - Zeebrugge

References

Notes

Bibliography

European Ferries
Defunct shipping companies of the United Kingdom
Ferry companies of England
Ferry companies of France
History of the English Channel