alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Matz Sandman

Matz Sandman (born 19 January 1948) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He was Minister of Family and Consumer Affairs 1990–1991, and Minister of Children and Family Affairs in 1991. He earned a degree in economics from the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration.

References

1948 births
Living people
Ministers of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion of Norway
Ministers for children, young people and families
Ankoko Island

Ankoko Island () is an island located at the confluence of the Cuyuni River and Wenamu River, at , on the border between Venezuela and the disputed area of Guayana Essequibo.

Venezuela, which claims Guayana Essequibo or Essequibo as part of its territory, established a military base on the island in 1966, which Guyana claims as intrusion and aggression on a territory whose sovereignty was never under discussion.

History

Venezuelan occupation 
In February 1966, the governments of Venezuela, the United Kingdom and Guyana signed the Geneva Agreement aimed at resolving the controversy over the Guayana Essequibo territorial dispute.

Five months after Guyana's independence from the United Kingdom, Venezuelan troops began their occupation of Ankoko Island in October 1966. Venezuelan troops quickly constructed military installations and an airstrip. 

Subsequently, on the morning of the 14 October 1966, Forbes Burnham, as Prime Minister and Minister of External Affairs of Guyana, dispatched a protest to the Foreign Minister of Venezuela, , demanding the immediate withdrawal of Venezuelan troops and the removal of installations they had established. Venezuelan minister Ignacio Iribarren Borges replied stating "the Government of Venezuela rejects the aforementioned protest, because Anacoco Island is Venezuelan territory in its entirety and the Republic of Venezuela has always been in possession of it". The island remains under Venezuelan administration, where a Venezuelan airport and a military base operate.

Recent history 
During the Venezuelan presidential crisis, interim president Juan Guaidó and the National Assembly of Venezuela renewed territory disputes with Guyana regarding sovereignty of the island. Specifically when National Assembly deputies visited the island "as an act of ratification of Venezuelan sovereignty over the area".

See also
Guayana Essequibo
British Guiana
Corocoro Island
Güepí

References 

River islands of Venezuela
Territorial disputes of Venezuela
Territorial disputes of Guyana
International islands
Protognathus

Protognathus  may refer to:
 Protognathus, genus of ground beetle described in 1950 but later considered as a synonym of Pseudognathaphanus.
 Protognathosaurus, genus of sauropod that is originally described as Protognathus.
 Protognathodus, genus of conodont, sometimes described as Protognathus.
 Protognathinus, genus of extinct beetle that is sometimes misspelled as Protognathus.
Karl Sanne

Karl Sanne (26 January 1869 – 29 June 1945) was a Norwegian farmer and politician of the Conservative Party who served as Minister of Education and Church Affairs from 1923 to 1924.

Biography 
He took part in the farm and banking work of his foster father in Vanse, before eventually taking over the farm Bryne and serving as treasurer at Vanse Sogns Sparebank in 1897. He held a number of positions besides his political activity. Sanne was a member of the Supervisory Board of Svelvik and Strøms Sparebank from 1927 to 1937.

Sanne was a member of Vanse chairmanship from 1886 to 1907 and again from 1910 to 1917, deputy mayor of Vanse 1907–1910, member of Lista chairmanship 1918–1919, mayor of Lista 1919–1922 and member of Svelvik city council 1931–1937. For some time, he served as the chairman of the Collective Party's organization in Lister and Mandal county and a member of the Conservative Party central board from 1915. Sanne was elected to the Storting from the Lister constituency Lister and Mandal for the terms 1913–1915 and 1919–1921 and from Vest-Agder 1922–1927. In 1923, he was appointed Minister of Education and Church Affairs following Ivar B. Sælen’s death. He held this post until July 1924, when Prime Minister Abraham Berge resigned.

References

1869 births
1945 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
Ministers of Education of Norway
Herman Scheel

Herman Carsten Johannes Scheel (18 January 1859 – 29 September 1956) was a Norwegian judge and politician for the Conservative Party.

He was born at Hamar in Hedmark, Norway.  He was the elder brother of the portrait painter Signe Scheel (1860–1942) He was married to Sara Leonore Sandberg. He is a great-grandfather of Georg Scheel.

Scheel enrolled at the Royal Frederick University from 1876 and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1881. Following studies in Berlin and London, he was from 1887 a research fellow and lecturer at the Royal Frederick University. He took the dr.juris degree in 1892, and was temporarily appointed professor from 1893 to 1898, while professor Francis Hagerup was Minister of Justice and the Police and Prime Minister. Scheel later became Minister of Justice, from 1910 to 1912 in the centre-right Konow's Cabinet.

Notable scholarly publications include Om ægtefællers formuesforhold and Forelæsninger over norsk tingsret. He was Supreme Court Assessor from 1889 to 1910 and from 1912. From 1920 to 1929 he was the 11th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

References

1859 births
1956 deaths
People from Hamar
University of Oslo alumni
Academic staff of the University of Oslo
Norwegian legal scholars
Government ministers of Norway
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Chief justices of Norway
Ministers of Justice of Norway
When It Falls

When It Falls is the second album by Zero 7, released on 1 March 2004.

The album features vocals by Sia (on tracks "Somersault" and "Speed Dial No.2"), Mozez (on "Warm Sound", "Over Our Heads" and "Morning Song"), Sophie Barker (on "Passing By" and "In Time") and Tina Dico (on "Home" and "The Space Between").

Track listing

Singles
The following singles were released from the album:

External links 
 
BBC review

References

Zero 7 albums
2004 albums
Contemporary R&B albums by English artists
Protognathosaurus

Protognathosaurus (meaning "early jaw lizard") is a genus of herbivorous dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic. It was a sauropod found at Dashanpu in Sichuan in what is present-day China.

In 1988 Zhang Yihun named and described the type species Protognathus oxyodon. The generic name was derived from Greek πρῶτος, protos, "first", and γνάθος, gnathos, "jaw". The specific name is derived from Greek ὀξύς, oxys, "sharp", and ὀδών, odon, "tooth". However, the generic name was preoccupied, already in use, by a genus of carabid beetle, Protognathus (Basilewsky, 1950) which is considered a synonym of Pseudognathaphanus (Schauberger, 1932). The species was therefore renamed into the combinatio nova Protognathosaurus oxyodon by George Olshevsky in 1991.

Protognathosaurus is known only from a fragmentary lower jaw, holotype CV 00732 (= ChM V732) found in a layer of the Shaximiao Formation dating from the Bathonian-Callovian. The fragment consists of the front left dentary and shows eighteen tooth positions, some still containing sharp replacement teeth, after which the genus was named. Most researchers consider Protognathosaurus to be a nomen dubium.

References

Middle Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia
Sauropods
Fossil taxa described in 1991
Fossil taxa described in 1988
Taxa named by George Olshevsky
Paleontology in Sichuan
Nomina dubia
Umar of Borno

Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin () or Umar of Borno (died 1881) was Shehu (Sheik) of the Kanem-Bornu Empire and son of Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi.

Reign of Umar

Umar came to power at the death of his father in 1837. Umar did not match his father's vitality and gradually allowed the kingdom to be ruled by advisers (wazirs). Umar ruled from 1837 until November 1853 when he was deposed by his brother `Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Amin who became Shehu. The latter only reigned until 1854 when Umar reconquered his throne.

Umar ruled as Shehu for a second time from September 1854 to 1880. Borno began to decline, as a result of administrative disorganization, regional particularism, and attacks by the militant Ouaddai Empire to the east. The decline continued under Umar's sons, and in 1894 Rabih az-Zubayr, leading an invading army from eastern Sudan, conquered Borno.

Dynasty

Footnotes

Bibliography
 Brenner, Louis, The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu, Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973).
 Cohen, Ronald, The Kanuri of Bornu, Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology (New York: Holt, 1967).
 Denham, Dixon  and Captain Clapperton and the Late Doctor Oudney, Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, (Boston: Cummings, Hilliards and Co., 1826).
 Isichei, Elizabeth, A History of African Societies to 1870 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 318–320, .
 Lange, Dierk, 'The kingdoms and peoples of Chad', in General history of Africa, ed. by Djibril Tamsir Niane, IV (London: Unesco, Heinemann, 1984), pp. 238–265.
 Last, Murray, ‘Le Califat De Sokoto Et Borno’, in Histoire Generale De l'Afrique, Rev. ed. (Paris: Presence Africaine, 1986), pp. 599–646.
 Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: a Working Chronology" in Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs, 268, Bd. 2, Frankfurt a. M. 1993: 179-186.

 Palmer, Herbert Richmond, The Bornu Sahara and Sudan (London: John Murray, 1936).

External links
Kanuri Studies Association

Royalty of Borno
1881 deaths
19th-century monarchs in Africa
Year of birth unknown
Kanuri warriors
People from Borno State
Bandama Caldera

The Bandama Natural Monument is part of the Tafira Protected Landscape on the island of Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands, Spain. It is considered a point of geological interest, because of the Caldera de Bandama. This volcanic crater, which is geologically a maar rather than a caldera, reaches 569 m (1,867 ft) above sea level at the highest point on its rim, Pico de Bandama, and is about 1,000 m (3,300 ft) wide and 200 m (700 ft) deep. The crater was developed during the last heavy eruptions 2000 years ago. It is recorded as the most recent volcanic activity on Gran Canaria.

The bottom of the caldera contains volcanic ash of different colors, and some botanic species of Canary Islands origin. An endemic bush can be found inside the caldera that doesn't grow anywhere else; Dama de Bandama (parolinia grabiuscula).

The Caldera de Bandama is located at the meeting point of three municipalities: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Santa Brígida and Telde.

Gallery

References

External links

 Monumento Natural de Bandama, official info, in Spanish

Landforms of Gran Canaria
Volcanoes of the Canary Islands
Maars
Protected areas of the Canary Islands
Peter Olrog Schjøtt

Peter Olrog Schjøtt (29 July 1833 – 7 January 1926) was a Norwegian philologist and politician.

Personal life
Peter Olrog Schjøtt was born in 1833 to priest and politician Ole Hersted Schjøtt (1805–1848) and his wife Anna Jacobine, née Olrog, in Dybvaag where his father was stationed as vicar. He was named after his maternal grandfather Peter Olrog. He was the brother of philologist Steinar Schjøtt, who was born Stener Johannes Stenersen Schjøtt, named after professor of theology Stener Johannes Stenersen, but later adhered to Landsmål and Norwegianized his name.

Peter Olrog Schjøtt married Mathilde (1844–1926) from Christiania, philologist and daughter of noted jurist Bernhard Dunker. Their most prominent child was jurist Sofie Schjøtt.

Career
An academic, Schjøtt was appointed acting lector in Greek philology at the University of Christiania in May 1865. In January 1866 he was given a permanent position as lector, and in June the same year he was promoted to professor. He left in March 1888.

He then embarked on a political career, representing the Liberal Party. He was a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm from 13 March 1888 to 1 August 1888, Minister of the Interior from 1 August 1888 to 28 August 1888, member of the Council of State Division again from 30 August 1888 to 1 February 1889, and then Minister of Auditing from 23 February 1889 to 13 July 1889.
Within the last period he was also Minister of Finance and Customs from 1 May 1889 to 6 June 1889.

In July 1889 he returned to his professorship, this time expanded to the field of classical philology, at the University of Kristiania. He retired in April 1918. He died in that city in 1926.

References

1833 births
1926 deaths
Norwegian philologists
Academic staff of the University of Oslo
Government ministers of Norway
Liberal Party (Norway) politicians
Ministers of Finance of Norway
Christoph Bechmann

Christoph Bechmann (born 23 November 1971 in Speyer am Rhein, Rheinland-Pfalz) is a field hockey player from Germany, who was a member of the Men's National Team that won the bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.

The striker from Club an der Alster (Hamburg), whose nicknamed Duffi or Bechi,  played in three Summer Olympics, starting in 1996. He has captained the German National Team and was a member of the Team of the Year in Mönchengladbach, Germany.

International Senior Tournaments
He played from 1994 until 2004, 124 matches for the Germany national team in outdoor competitions.

 1994 – 8th World Cup, Sydney (4th place)
 1995 – European Nations Cup, Dublin (1st place)
 1995 – Champions Trophy, Berlin (1st place)
 1996 – Summer Olympics, Atlanta (4th place)
 1996 – Champions Trophy, Madras (3rd place)
 1997 – European Indoor Nations Cup, Lievin (1st place)
 1997 – Champions Trophy, Adelaide (1st place)
 1998 – 9th World Cup, Utrecht (3rd place)
 1999 – European Indoor Nations Cup, Slagelse (1st place)
 1999 – European Nations Cup, Padua (1st place)
 2000 – Champions Trophy, Amstelveen (2nd place)
 2000 – Summer Olympics, Sydney (5th place)
 2002 – 10th World Cup, Kuala Lumpur (1st place)
 2002 – Champions Trophy, Cologne (2nd place)
 2003 – European Nations Cup, Barcelona (1st place)
 2004 – Summer Olympics, Athens (3rd place)
 2005 – World Games, Duisburg (1st place)
 2006 – European Indoor Nations Cup, Eindhoven (1st place)

References

External links
 

1971 births
Living people
People from Speyer
German male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for Germany
Olympic bronze medalists for Germany
Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
1998 Men's Hockey World Cup players
2002 Men's Hockey World Cup players
Harvestehuder THC players
Der Club an der Alster players
Male field hockey forwards
Sportspeople from Rhineland-Palatinate
20th-century German people
21st-century German people
Lake of Egypt

Lake of Egypt is a reservoir in the Little Egypt region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It is located six miles (10 km) south of Marion, Illinois and covers 2,300 acres (9 km²) with   of shoreline. The lake has an average depth of   with a maximum depth of  . The lake is owned by the Southern Illinois Power Cooperative (SIPC), who created the impoundment in 1962, by damming the South fork of the Saline River, to supply cooling water for a coal-burning electric power plant.

As a privately owned lake, it is subject to regulation by its owners and the state. Terms of use from the SIPC are in the "Official Lake of Egypt Rules and Regulations". Public access is allowed as are all size boat motors. Waterskiing and jet skis are also permitted in most of the lake. Fishing includes Bluegill, Largemouth Bass, Channel Catfish, Striped Bass, and Crappie. Camping at the lake is allowed at Buck Ridge Campground, part of the Shawnee National Forest.  Each neighborhood on the lake has individual subdivisions (list of Lake of Egypt subdivisions) as well as the non-for-profit Lake of Egypt Association of Property Owners (LEAPO)

History
Lake of Egypt was founded by Southern Illinois Power Cooperative (SIPC) to supply cooling water to their newly constructed coal burning power plant.  The lake was created in 1962 by damming the south fork of the Saline River. The name was chosen from the nickname "Little Egypt" of Southern Illinois.

Tourism and Recreation
There are currently three marinas serving Lake of Egypt:

 The Resort at Egyptian Hills
 Mack's Lake of Egypt Marina
 Pyramid Acres

References

External links
 Lake of Egypt Association of Property Owners

Egypt
Protected areas of Williamson County, Illinois
Protected areas of Johnson County, Illinois
Bodies of water of Williamson County, Illinois
Bodies of water of Johnson County, Illinois
1962 establishments in Illinois
Cooling ponds
Lists of custodes rotulorum

The Custos rotulorum, Latin for "keeper of the rolls" within civil government, is the keeper of the English , Welsh and Northern Irish (and, prior to 1922, southern Irish) county records. The Custos is also the principal Justice of the Peace of the county and keeper of the records of the sessions of the local courts and, by virtue of those offices, the highest civil official in the county. The position is now largely ceremonial and generally undertaken by the Lord Lieutenant of the county.

The office also exists in Jamaica.

England

Bedfordshire
Berkshire
Buckinghamshire
Cambridgeshire
Cheshire
Cornwall
Cumberland
Derbyshire
Devon
Dorset
Durham
East Riding of Yorkshire
Essex
Gloucestershire
Hampshire
Herefordshire
Hertfordshire
Huntingdonshire
Kent
Lancashire
Leicestershire
Lincolnshire
Middlesex
Norfolk
Northamptonshire
North Riding of Yorkshire
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Oxfordshire
Rutland
Shropshire
Somerset
Staffordshire
Suffolk
Surrey
Sussex
Warwickshire
Westmorland
West Riding of Yorkshire
Wiltshire
Worcestershire

Wales
Anglesey
Brecknockshire
Caernarvonshire
Cardiganshire
Carmarthenshire
Denbighshire
Flintshire
Glamorgan
Merionethshire
Monmouthshire
Montgomeryshire
Pembrokeshire
Radnorshire

Ireland
Antrim
Armagh
Carlow (merged with Lord Lieutenancy before 1838)
Cavan
Clare
Cork
Donegal
Down
Dublin
Fermanagh (merged with Lord Lieutenancy before 1963)
Galway
Kerry (merged with Lord Lieutenancy before 1746)
Kildare
Kilkenny
King's County
Leitrim
Limerick
Londonderry
Longford
Louth (merged with Lord Lieutenancy before 1911)
Mayo
Meath
Monaghan
Queen's County
Roscommon
Sligo
Tyrone
Tipperary
Waterford
Westmeath
Wexford
Wicklow

Jamaica
St. Elizabeth Hon. Beryl Rochester, 10 February 2014 to date.

See also
Custos rotulorum
Lists of lord lieutenancies
The Custos Rotulorum Act, 2011 - Jamaica
MIT Media Lab Object-Based Media

The Object-Based Media Group at the MIT Media Lab, formerly led by V. Michael Bove, Jr., explored the creative and technological applications and implications of the intersection of context-aware consumer electronics and self-aware digital content. Projects included immersive, interactive, and personalized television, 3-D display technologies (in particular computer generated holography), novel user interfaces, and applications that run on ecosystems of consumer electronics devices. Graduate students in the group typically had backgrounds in signal processing and understanding, image capture and display (especially in 3-D), user interfaces, technical and creative aspects of new media forms, and/or consumer electronics product design.

Bove was ousted in a #MeToo incident in the fall of 2019.

References

External links
Object-Based Media Group Overview Webpage
Archive of group web site

MIT Media Lab
Emil Bose

Emil Hermann Bose (October 20, 1874 in Bremen, Germany – May 25, 1911 in La Plata, Argentina), was a German physicist. He was the first director of the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of La Plata, Argentina. He studied under Walther Nernst at the University of Göttingen, Germany and was recruited by the newly created university in Argentina, where he taught for two years until his death from typhoid fever in 1911. He was succeeded by Richard Gans.
See 
Bibiloni, A.G. (2005)

References 

Argentine physicists
20th-century  German physicists
1911 deaths
1874 births
Burials at La Plata Cemetery
Expatriates from the German Empire
Expatriates in Argentina
John Harris Bridge

The John Harris Bridge is a steel girder multilane highway bridge that carries Interstate 83 and the Capital Beltway across the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, connecting the East and West Shores of metropolitan Harrisburg. It is primarily used by commuters and local services, including the extensive local trucking industry, and also carries cross-river traffic to or from the counties of the lower Susquehanna valley.

History and architectural features
The bridge was named in honor of John Harris, Sr, an early eighteenth-century trader and ferry operator who was among the earliest Europeans to settle in the area, and whose son laid out the city he named after his father. It is also known locally as the South Bridge, in reference to the older Walnut Street, Market Street, and Harvey Taylor bridges upstream, which were the primary local automobile crossings at the time of its construction.

A product of the post-World War II growth of the Harrisburg suburbs, the bridge officially opened on January 22, 1960, as part of the Harrisburg Expressway. On the east shore, Central Iron and Steel and parts of the Shipoke neighborhood, both dating from the 19th century, were demolished to accommodate the bridge and its exit ramps into the downtown.  

The bridge was widened to six lanes in 1982. In 1997, the Expressway and bridge were designated as part of the Capital Beltway which loops the metropolitan area. In 2015, as part of a nearby reconstruction project, a fourth northbound lane was opened, for a total of seven traffic lanes.

In 2020, the John Harris Bridge was one of nine bridges selected by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) for end-of-life replacement under its Pathways Major Bridge Public-Private Partnership (P3) Initiative. Because P3 costs were to be paid in part by tolling, the Dauphin and Cumberland County governments, state legislators, and business groups came out against the P3 Initiative or making the John Harris a toll bridge. Lawsuits were filed against PennDOT, and in June 2022, Pennsylvania’s Commonwealth Court permanently blocked the P3 Initiative. In July 2022, the state enacted Act 84, rescinding the bridge-tolling plan.

See also
 
 
 
 List of crossings of the Susquehanna River

References

Harris
Bridges over the Susquehanna River
Bridges completed in 1960
Road bridges in Pennsylvania
Interstate 83
Bridges on the Interstate Highway System
Tadeusz Gosiewski

Tadeusz Gosiewski (23 July 1900 in Olchowiec – 15 December 1969 in Nairobi) was a Polish nobleman.

He was a renowned lawyer, diplomat and chevalier of the Order of Malta.

References
 http://www.jurzak.pl Dynastic Genealogy
 http://www.gosiewski.pl Marcin Gosiewski (Ślepowron CoA):

1900 births
1969 deaths
20th-century Polish nobility
20th-century Polish lawyers
Polish diplomats
Polish military personnel of World War II
Tadeusz
Polish exiles
Knights of Malta
Immigrants to Kenya
Polish emigrants
Tender Is the Savage

Tender Is the Savage is the third album released by the Norwegian band Gluecifer. It was originally released in 2000 on White Jazz Records. The album was re-released with extra tracks later that year.

Critical reception
The Austin Chronicle called the album "a sleazy, raucous, brash, and unapologetically paint-by-numbers take on AC/DC." AllMusic wrote that "the potential cheese is made up for by [Gluecifer's] high-energy, guitar-based roots of when 'sex and drugs' were synonymous with the rock star lifestyle." Exclaim! wrote that "if you're too young to remember bands like Junkyard ,and just want to hear some basic hard rock with no postmodern twists or surprises, then Tender is the Savage could be your new car cruisin', joint smokin' record of choice." CMJ New Music Monthly called it a "perfect album."

Original track listing
"I Got a War" - 3:28
"Chewin' Fingers" - 2:22
"Ducktail Heat" - 2:41
"The General Says Hell Yeah" - 3:48
"Red Noses, Shit Poses" - 4:11
"Drunk and Pompous" - 3:21
"Rip-Off Strasse" - 4:16
"Dog Day, Dog Night" - 2:52
"Sputnik Monroe" - 2:57
"Exit at Gate Zero" - 4:16

Revised track listing 
"I Got A War"
"Chewin' Fingers"
"Ducktail Heat"
"The General Says Hell Yeah"
"Red Noses, Shit Poses"
"Drunk And Pompous"
"Rip-Off Strasse"
"Dog Day, Dog Night"
"Sputnik Monroe"
"Exit At Gate Xero"
"Thunder And Lightning"
"Wham Bam Thank You Mam"
"Get That Psycho Out Of My Face"

References

2000 albums
Gluecifer albums
Albums produced by Daniel Rey
Gabriele Paolini

Gabriele Paolini (born 12 October 1974, in Milan) is an Italian television prankster, condom advocate and convicted sex offender. He calls himself the "prophet of the condom" and "the prophylactic prophet". In Italy he is also referred as a disturbatore televisivo, which means videobomber. His antics usually involve exhibiting condoms in the background behind interviews or other unwitting live reporters. He has also been involved with singing contests and sporting events.

Overview
Gabriele Paolini began his career as a "television polluter" when a friend of his died of AIDS at age 22, contracting the disease some years before as a result of unprotected sex with a prostitute. Paolini's reaction was to invade TV news reports wearing or waving chains of condoms. Sometimes Paolini also uses a photo of a politician or of the Pope.

The son of a retired general and of a singer, Paolini is in the Guinness Book of Records for his more than 30,000 very short appearances, waving over the shoulders of hundreds of displeased TV journalists.

Over the years, Paolini has angered many in the media. During one interrupted TV report, journalist Paolo Frajese kicked Paolini away and then resumed his report as if nothing had happened. Journalists have asked the legal office of RAI TV in Saxa Rubra for a legal injunction to "eliminate the disturber". In response, Gabriele Paolini showed the media a list of interviewers who had in fact requested his presence. However, Italy's Supreme Court upheld a three-month suspended sentence against him. TG5 editor-in-chief Salvo Sottile and communications expert Enrico Mieli launched a petition on Facebook to "abolish" Paolini from Italian television due to his insensitivity.

On March 5, 1995, Paolini personally disguised a condom as a request in a paper and gave it to Pope John Paul II at a church in Rome.

In 2008, Paolini was sentenced to a 5-month prison term for offenses against the Pope, stemming from his actions in 2005 when he interrupted a live TV show of RAI TV insulting the Pope and the Italian premier.

On November 11, 2013, Paolini was arrested in Rome for underage prostitution and possession of child pornography.

See also
 Emplastro (videobomber)

References

External links
 Personal website of Gabriele Paolini
 

1974 births
Italian television personalities
Mass media people from Milan
Living people
Criminals from Milan
People convicted of child pornography offenses
People convicted of sex trafficking
Olaus Michael Schmidt

Olaus Michael Schmidt (11 July 1784 – 5 July 1851) was a Norwegian judge and politician. A Supreme Court Assessor by profession, he served one term in the Norwegian Parliament, and was the Minister of Justice and the Police for four non-consecutive terms between 1838 and 1848.

Personal life
Schmidt was born in Trondhjem as the son of Claus Pedersen Schmidt and Johanne Christine Beck. Claus was originally from Flensborg in Slesvig. Olaus had several brothers, including the Constitutional Founding Father Peter Schmidt, Jr.

In 1816 he married Sophie Magdalene Carite Sommerfeldt, who hailed from Østre Toten. She was the daughter of Christian Sommerfeldt and Anna Sophie Hagerup. On the paternal side she was a niece of politician Ole Hannibal Sommerfeldt and an aunt of Karl Linné Sommerfeldt and priest and politician Christian Sommerfeldt. On the maternal side she was a first cousin of Wolfgang Wenzel von Haffner.

Career
Olaus Michael Schmidt enrolled as a student in 1801, and graduated with the cand.theol. degree in 1806. He was hired as a school teacher, but left this job in 1810 to study law at the University of Copenhagen. He graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1812. He became an assessor in the district court of Christianssand in 1817, and was promoted to Chief Justice at the same place in 1828. He had been elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1827, to represent his city. He only served one term. In 1829 he became national Supreme Court Assessor.

However, he was not finished on national political scene. On 22 January 1838 he was appointed Minister of Justice and the Police. He held this post until 1 July the same year, when he was appointed as a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm. On 1 August 1839 he returned as Minister of Justice. On 1 September 1842 he returned to serve one year in Stockholm. He then got his third spell as Minister of Justice from 1 September 1843 to 1 April 1845. One final tenure in Stockholm followed; he then returned to Norway to become Minister of Finance and Customs from 1 May 1846 to 1 July 1847, and then Minister of Justice for the fourth time, from 1847 to 18 April 1848. He then retired.

Olaus Michael Schmidt died in 1851 in Töplitz, three years after the death of his wife.

References

1784 births
1851 deaths
Norwegian people of German descent
Government ministers of Norway
Members of the Storting
Politicians from Kristiansand
Supreme Court of Norway justices
Ministers of Finance of Norway
Ministers of Justice of Norway
Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge

Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge may refer to:

 Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge (Columbia, Pennsylvania), over the Susquehanna River
 Morrisville–Trenton Railroad Bridge, over the Delaware River
 Canal Street railroad bridge, Chicago, Illinois
 Fourteenth Street Bridge (Ohio River), Louisville, Kentucky
 Delta Trestle Bridge, Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad, Delta, Pennsylvania
 Pennsylvania Railroad Old Bridge over Standing Stone Creek, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania
 Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge over Shavers Creek, Petersburg, Pennsylvania
 Fort Wayne Railroad Bridge, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge
 Muddy Creek Bridge, Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad, Sunnyburn, Pennsylvania
 Stone Bridge (Johnstown, Pennsylvania)
Ingjerd Schou

Ingjerd Schou, née Schie (born 20 January 1955) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

Born in Sarpsborg, Schou was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Østfold in 2001. From 2001, when the second cabinet Bondevik held office, Schou was Minister of Social Affairs. She was replaced in a 2004 cabinet reshuffle. During this period her seat in parliament was taken by Carsten Dybevig. Schou was not re-elected in 2005, but instead served as a deputy representative.

On the local level Schou was a member of the executive committee of Spydeberg municipal council from 1991 to 2003. For the periods 2003-2007 and 2007-2011 Schou represents the Conservative Party in the municipal council in Spydeberg.

Before entering politics Schou worked as a nurse before becoming a health bureaucrat. She is married to Petter Schou, county doctor in Oslo and Akershus.

She served as the Fourth Vice President of the Storting from 2013–2017, and as the Fifth Vice President from 2020 to 2021.

References

1955 births
Living people
Members of the Storting
Government ministers of Norway
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Østfold politicians
University of Oslo alumni
People from Sarpsborg
Norwegian Christians
Women government ministers of Norway
20th-century Norwegian women politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians
21st-century Norwegian politicians
21st-century Norwegian women politicians
Women members of the Storting
Tragic Serenades

Tragic Serenades is an EP by the Swiss extreme metal band Celtic Frost. It was released in 1986 and was an influence on the developing death metal and black metal genres. According to frontman Thomas Gabriel Fischer, the purpose of this EP was to include Martin Eric Ain's bass lines and improve on Horst Müller's original production of tracks from To Mega Therion.

The EP was reissued in 2018, with 2,500 copies pressed for Record Store Day 2018.

Overview 
The re-recorded version of "Return to the Eve" (the original version of which was featured on the Morbid Tales album) features Reed's habit of loudly goofing off during songs, with Reed loosely sharing lead vocals. Celtic Frost included this "party-like studio jam" of the song on Tragic Serenades as their "first public display of light-heartedness".

Track listing

Personnel 
Celtic Frost
Thomas G. Warrior – vocals, guitar, effects, producer
Martin Ain – bass, effects, producer
Reed St. Mark – drums, percussion, effects

Production
Horst Müller – engineer (original recordings)
Harris Johns – engineer (new recordings)
Karl "Jeder Will 1500" Walterbach – executive producer

References

References 

Celtic Frost albums
1986 EPs
Noise Records EPs
Black metal EPs
Tanystrosuchus

Tanystrosuchus (meaning "long crocodile") is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur from the late Triassic period (middle Norian stage, around 208 million years ago). It is known from a single fossil neck vertebra of the species T. posthumus, found in the Middle Stubensandstein formation of what is present-day Germany.

History
The vertebra used to name Tanystrosuchus (specimen SMNS 4385) was originally found by S.F.J. von Kapff in the 1860s. Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer described the vertebra in 1865, but did not attempt to classify it. In 1907, Friedrich von Huene examined the fossil and recognized it as part of a theropod dinosaur. He thought it probably belonged to the genus Tanystropheus (thought to be a theropod at the time), and named a new species for it, Tanystropheus posthumus. The vertebra was added to the collections of the Staatliches Museum for Naturkunde in Stuttgart, but was labelled as a specimen of the phytosaurid Nicrosaurus. In 2000, Oliver Rauhut and Axel Hungerbühler re-examined the specimen and concluded that, while it was similar in some respects to the same bone in the contemporary Liliensternus, and was definitely from a theropod, it could not be classified due to its incomplete nature. Tanystrosuchus is considered to be a nomen dubium for that reason.

References 

Prehistoric theropods
Norian life
Late Triassic dinosaurs of Europe
Triassic Germany
Fossils of Germany
Fossil taxa described in 1963
Taxa named by Oskar Kuhn
Nomina dubia
Cumberland Valley Railroad Bridge

The Cumberland Valley Railroad Bridge is a currently unused railroad bridge.

The bridge links downtown Harrisburg, City Island, and the western suburbs of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.  The bridge was originally constructed by the Cumberland Valley Railroad as part of the mainline from Harrisburg to Hagerstown via Chambersburg.  The Cumberland Valley Railroad itself was leased as a subsidiary by the Pennsylvania Railroad.

The first crossing, a wooden covered bridge, began construction in the summer of 1836 and opened on January 16, 1839. It was destroyed by fire on December 4, 1844. The four eastern spans remained, but were washed away during the spring floods in 1846.

A second crossing in a slightly different location began construction on February 3, 1845, and was completed in 1846.  This bridge had an upper deck for railroad traffic, and a lower deck for pedestrian and wagon traffic. Use of the lower deck was discontinued when the bridge was strengthened in 1850. The bridge's latticework timbers were removed and replaced with heavier braces from 1855 to 1856, and new wooden arches were built in 1872.  From 1880 to 1886, the piers beneath the bridge were gradually replaced, allowing it to carry much heavier traffic.

Construction on an open iron truss bridge parallel to the existing wooden span began in September 1886.  The work was done by the Union Bridge Company and the Edge Moore Bridge Company. The new bridge, whose eastern piers were  higher than the old span's, opened in July 1887.

The present concrete structure was completed about 1916. Although the majority of the bridge has been abandoned for rail use over the past several decades, it has been suggested the bridge become the principal crossing for the Corridor One rail commuter system to serve the renewed rail needs of the metropolitan area and of Harrisburg's west shore.  With its standing ownership agreements, this plan faces major challenges as the bridge is currently shared among three owners.  Two of these are the railroads on either side which continue to operate on the tracks immediately off of the bridge on either side.  The third owner is Capital Area Transit which currently does not own any property with immediate access to the bridge. Immediately to the south of the Cumberland Valley Bridge, a similar iron truss structure was erected in 1891 by the Reading Company, originally known as the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad.

See also

List of crossings of the Susquehanna River

References

Bibliography

Railroad bridges in Pennsylvania
Bridges in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Bridges over the Susquehanna River
Pennsylvania Railroad bridges
Viaducts in the United States
Concrete bridges in the United States
Bacardi Superior

Bacardi Superior is a white rum made by the Bacardi Company. In the US it is bottled at 80 proof (40% abv) and at 75 proof (37.5% abv) in the UK and Continental Europe. This rum is mostly used to make cocktails calling for a white rum such as Cuba Libre, Daiquiri, Piña Colada, Mojito, and Bacardi cocktail.

Other Bacardi products
Aged rums
 Bacardi Oro (Gold)
 Bacardi Black
 Bacardi 151
 Bacardi Añejo
 Bacardi 8

Flavored rums
 Bacardi Limón – lemon flavored
 Bacardi Peach Red – peach flavored
 Bacardi Razz – raspberry flavored
 Bacardi O – orange flavored
 Bacardi Big Apple – apple flavored
 Bacardi Grand Melon – watermelon flavored
 Bacardi Banana - banana flavored
 Bacardi Cóco – coconut flavored
 Bacardi Dragon Berry – strawberry flavored, infused with dragon fruit
Discontinued flavors
 Bacardi Vaníla – vanilla flavored

See also

List of Puerto Rican rums

References 

Puerto Rican rums
White rums
Bacardi
Custos Rotulorum of Cambridgeshire

This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of Cambridgeshire. The office was created in 1368, at which time the Isle of Ely, Huntingdonshire and the Soke of Peterborough did not form part of the county.

 Sir John Hynde bef. 1544–1550
 Sir James Dyer bef. 1558 – aft. 1564
 Roger North, 2nd Baron North bef. 1573 – 1600
 Sir John Cotton 1600–1617
 Sir Edward Peyton, 2nd Baronet 1617–1618
 Sir John Cotton 1618–1621
 Sir John Cutts 1621–1636
 Sir Thomas Chicheley 1642–
 interregnum
 Sir Thomas Chicheley 1660–1689
 Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford 1689–1727
For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire.

References
Institute of Historical Research - Custodes Rotulorum 1544-1646
Institute of Historical Research - Custodes Rotulorum 1660-1828

History of Cambridgeshire
Local government in Cambridgeshire
Cambridgeshire
101 Damnations

101 Damnations may refer to:

"101 Dam-Nations", a 1982 single by Scarlet Party
101 Damnations (album), a 1989 album by Carter The Unstoppable Sex Machine

See also
 101 Dalmatians (disambiguation)
Radical Socialist Republican Party

The Radical Socialist Republican Party (PRRS; ), sometimes shortened to Radical Socialist Party (PRS; Partido Radical Socialista), was a Spanish radical political party, created in 1929 after the split of the left-wing in Alejandro Lerroux's Radical Republican Party (PRR, created in 1908, and in decline at the time). Its main leaders were Marcelino Domingo, Álvaro de Albornoz, and Félix Gordón Ordás.

History
PRRS was an important force in the elections of 1931, winning 54 seats in the Cortes Generales that proclaimed the Second Spanish Republic on April 14. It suffered a major setback by 1933, when it only gained five seats. In the meantime, it formed part of Prime Minister Manuel Azaña's coalition between Left Republican parties and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE); Álvaro de Albornoz was one of the architects of the secular legislation passed by the Cortes, and also served as Justice Minister.

The party was shaken by several crises during its existence. In 1932, Juan Botella Asensi left the PRRS to found his own group (IRS, Izquierda Radical-Socialista – Radical-Socialist Left); the following year, it was split over the issue of collaboration with the PSOE: the left-wing, led by Domingo and Albornoz, argued for continued participation in government, while the right-wing of Gordón de Ordás favored an agreement with Lerroux's PRR. 

Towards the end of 1933, the leftists created the Independent Radical Socialist Republican Party (PRRSI), which fused with Republican Action and the Autonomous Galician Republican Organization to create the Republican Left in 1934. The remainder of the party, now dominated by moderates, merged with the Radical Democratic Party of Diego Martínez Barrio into the Republican Union. Both the Republican Left and the Republican Union ended up joining the Popular Front in 1936.

See also 

 1929 Spanish coup d'état

References 

Defunct liberal political parties
Political parties established in 1929
Political parties disestablished in 1934
Defunct political parties in Spain
Radical parties
Republican parties
Republican parties in Spain
Socialist parties in Spain
1929 establishments in Spain
DUF

DUF may refer to:
 Duf, Mavrovo and Rostuša, North Macedonia
 Domain of unknown function, a protein domain
 Drug Use Forecasting, a program of the United States Department of Justice

See also
 Duff (disambiguation)
Oluf Borch de Schouboe

Oluf Borch de Schouboe (5 June 1777 – 21 December 1844) was the Norwegian civil servant and government official.

Schouboe was born in Bergen, Norway. As the son of Councillor of State Christian de Schouboe (1737-1789) and Anna Magdalena Müller (1751-1785), he belonged to the Norwegian aristocracy. He is the brother of Ulrik Fredrik Anton de Schouboe.

He completed his legal examination at the University of Copenhagen in 1801. He then served as magistrate at Nykøbing Falster and Elsinore. In 1810, he was appointed Governor of Stavanger Amt, a post held until 1812 when he was promoted and appointed to be the Diocesan Governor of Christianssand Stiftamt. This stiftamt was subdivided into several subordinate counties amt. During this time, he also served as governor of some of these subordinate counties as well. First, he served as the Governor of Nedenes Amt from 1812-1815 and then switched roles to be the Governor of Lister og Mandals Amt from 1815-1836. 

He served as Minister of Education and Church Affairs in 1836, 1839–1840, and 1843–1844; Minister of Auditing in 1838–1839 and 1841–1842; Minister of the Army in 1839 and 1842–1843; and member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm in 1837–1838, 1840–1841, and 1844.

References

1777 births
1844 deaths
Civil servants from Bergen
Government ministers of Norway
County governors of Norway
18th-century Norwegian nobility
19th-century Norwegian politicians
University of Copenhagen alumni
Ministers of Education of Norway
Defence ministers of Norway
Hodikof Island

Hodikof Island (52°52'N 173°18'E) is a tiny  satellite of Attu Island in the Near Islands at the extreme western end of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska.  Its name is derived from Hodikof Point, and it lies in Sarana Bay on the east side of Attu.  The seaward extension of Hodikof Island is known as Hodikof Reef.

References

Near Islands
Islands of Alaska
Islands of Unorganized Borough, Alaska
Jacob Marius Schøning

Jacob Marius Schøning (25 February 1856 – 12 November 1934) was the Norwegian Minister of Trade 1903–1904, and a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm 1904–1905. In 1884 he was a co-founder of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights.

References

1856 births
1934 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
Norwegian Association for Women's Rights people
Ministers of Trade and Shipping of Norway
Semantic service-oriented architecture

A Semantic Service Oriented Architecture (SSOA) is an architecture that allows for scalable and controlled Enterprise Application Integration solutions. SSOA describes an approach to enterprise-scale IT infrastructure. It leverages rich, machine-interpretable descriptions of data, services, and processes to enable software agents to autonomously interact to perform critical mission functions. SSOA is technically founded on three notions:

 The principles of Service-oriented architecture (SOA);
 Standard Based Design (SBD); and
 Semantics-based computing.

SSOA combines and implements these computer science concepts into a robust, extensible architecture capable of enabling complex, powerful functions.

Applications 
In the health care industry, SSOA of HL7 has long been implemented.  Other protocols include LOINC, PHIN, and HIPAA related standards.  There is a series of SSOA-related ISO standards published for financial services, which can be found at the ISO's website,,. Some financial sectors also adopt EMV standards to facilitate European consumers.  A part of SSOA on transport and trade are in the ISO sections of 03.220.20 and 35.240.60,.  Some general guidelines of the technology and the standards in other fields are partially located at 25.040.40, 35.240.99,,.

See also
 Cyber security standards
 ISO/IEC 7816
 ISO 8583
 ISO/IEC 8859
 ISO 9241
 ISO 9660
 ISO/IEC 11179
 ISO/IEC 15408
 ISO/IEC 17799
 ISO/IEC 27000-series
 Service component architecture
 Semantic web
 EMML
 Business Intelligence 2.0 (BI 2.0)

References

External links
 OSGi Alliance

Web services
Semantic Web
Enterprise application integration
Service-oriented (business computing)
Software architecture
Luciano Spinosi

Luciano Spinosi (; born 9 May 1950) is an Italian former football coach and a former player who played as a defender.

Club career
The clubs for which Spinosi played include A.S. Roma and Juventus F.C. He also played for Hellas Verona F.C., A.C. Milan and A.C. Cesena.

International career
For the Italy national football team Spinosi totaled 22 caps: 19 at senior level, between 1971 and 1974, and 3 at youth level, between 1969 and 1971. His Italy under-21 debut came on 19 November 1969 in a 2–0 loss to the Netherlands. He made his senior international debut on 9 June 1971, in a 0–0 draw against Sweden; his only international goal came on 17 June 1972, in a 3–3 draw against Romania. Spinosi was also a member of the Italy national team that later took part at the 1974 FIFA World Cup under manager Ferruccio Valcareggi.

Style of play
A tenacious, hard-tackling, and reliable defender, Spinosi usually played as a right-back early on in his career, but was later deployed as a man-marking centre-back, or "stopper". He was known for his temperament, concentration, tight marking of opponents, and professionalism, and was capable of playing both in a zonal marking and man-marking system. He also possessed solid technique, which enabled him to contribute to his teams attacking plays with runs up the flank, and he was even deployed as a wide midfielder on occasion during his time with Roma. Due to his height, he excelled in the air, and was known for his ability to utilise his aerial prowess by making attacking runs into the penalty area.

Personal life
His older brother Enrico Spinosi also played football professionally. To distinguish them, Enrico was referred to as Spinosi I and Luciano as Spinosi II.

Honours 
Roma
 Coppa Italia: 1968–69, 1979–80, 1980–81

Juventus
 Serie A: 1971–72, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1977–78
 UEFA Cup: 1976–77

References

1950 births
Living people
Footballers from Rome
Italian men's footballers
AS Roma players
Juventus FC players
Hellas Verona FC players
AC Milan players
AC Cesena players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Italy men's international footballers
1974 FIFA World Cup players
Italian football managers
AS Roma managers
Serie A managers
US Lecce managers
Ternana Calcio managers
UEFA Cup winning players
Men's association football defenders