alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Brown

Samuel Brown may refer to:

 Samuel Brown (Royal Navy officer) (1776–1852), English pioneer suspension bridge engineer and inventor 
 Samuel Brown (engineer) (died 1849), English inventor of early internal combustion engine
 Samuel Brown (Wisconsin politician) (1804–1874), American pioneer and politician in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
 Samuel Robbins Brown (1810–1880), American missionary to China
 Samuel Gilman Brown (1813–1885), American educator
 Samuel Morison Brown (1817–1856), Scottish chemist, poet and essayist 
 Samuel S. Brown (1842–1905), American businessman, racehorse owner/breeder, racetrack owner
 Samuel Brown (mayor) (1845–1909), mayor of Wellington, New Zealand
 Samuel McConnell Brown (1865–1923), Australian politician
 Samuel Brown (Alberta politician) (1872–1962), provincial politician from Alberta, Canada
 Samuel Ashley Brown (1923–2011), English professor at the University of South Carolina
 Samuel Brown (Oregon politician) (1821–1886), American pioneer and politician
 Samuel Lombard Brown (1858–1939), Irish politician and barrister
 Samuel Brown (cricketer) (1857–1938), English cricketer
 Samuel J. Brown (1917–1990), United States Air Forces fighter pilot
 Samuel Joseph Brown Jr. (1907–1994), African American watercolorist, printmaker, and educator
 SS Samuel Q. Brown, a steam tanker

See also 
 Samuel Browne (disambiguation)
 Sam Brown (disambiguation)  
 Sam Browne (disambiguation)
Fao Landing

The Fao Landing occurred from November 6, 1914 to November 8, 1914 with British forces attacking the Ottoman stronghold of Fao and its fortress. The landing was met with little resistance from the Turkish defenders who fled after intense shelling. It was the first military operation of the Mesopotamian Campaign of World War I which was carried out to protect the British Empire's oil supplies in the Persian Gulf.

Background 
When the Ottoman Empire entered into World War I, the British feared for the safety of the Persian Gulf oil facilities. To protect their facilities, the British decided to capture the Ottoman-controlled section of the Persian Gulf coast. The Fortress of Fao was the main Ottoman fortress on the Persian Gulf coast and to Anglo commanders seemed like the logical jumping off point for any Ottoman attack on British oil facilities. The British assigned Indian Expeditionary Force D (IEF D) which consisted of the 6th (Poona) Division led by Lieutenant General Arthur Barrett, with Sir Percy Cox as Political Officer.

Landing 
The initial landing force was a contingent of Royal Marines from  and British Indian troops of the 16th (Poona) Brigade under Walter Sinclair Delamain. The British sloop HMS Odin shelled the Turkish positions near the old fortress of Fao, silencing the enemy batteries and clearing the way for the landing force. A six-hundred strong force came ashore in the shallow, muddy waters with two mountain guns in tow and faced little resistance. The combined British and Indian force captured the poorly prepared Ottoman positions swiftly, seizing a large amount of largely undamaged material including several artillery guns, many of them still in position and loaded. Evidently, the weak Ottoman garrison was abandoned by its soldiers when the fort commander known as the "Bimbashi of Fao Fort" was killed by a shell.

Aftermath 
The landing and capture of Fao was a strategic blunder for the Ottomans from which they would never truly recover as evidenced by the subsequent string of defeats suffered by the Empire at the hands of the British in the following year. The Ottomans also no longer controlled a key access point to the Persian Gulf, and the British facilities were largely safe. However, the British felt that their facilities would not be truly safe until they managed to capture Baghdad. This led to several campaigns against Baghdad that would result in the capture of that city by the British in 1917.

In popular culture 
The Fao Landing and the subsequent battle for the fortress are featured in the video game Battlefield 1.

References 

 Wilson, Sir Arnold. Loyalties Mesopotamia 1914-1917. London: Oxford University Press, 1930.
 Barker A.J. The Iraq War. Enigma Books, 2009.

1914 in Ottoman Iraq
Battles of the Mesopotamian campaign
Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire
Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
Battles of World War I involving British India
Conflicts in 1914
November 1914 events
Landing operations
Union Central Life Insurance Company

Union Central Life Insurance Company was founded in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1867. It was established as a mutual insurance company. Among its founders were Norman Wait Harris, founder of Harris Bank.

In 2005, it formed a mutual insurance holding company the Union Central Mutual Holding Company and converted the life insurance company to a stock company. On January 1, 2006, that holding company merged with the Ameritas Acacia Mutual Insurance Holding Company to form the UNIFI Mutual Holding Company. Union Central Life merged into Ameritas Life in 2013.

References

Mutual insurance companies of the United States
Defunct insurance companies
Defunct companies based in Cincinnati
American companies established in 1867
Financial services companies established in 1867
Financial services companies disestablished in 2013
1867 establishments in Ohio
Justsystem Pittsburgh Research Center

Also known as Just Research, Justsystem Pittsburgh Research Center (JPRC) was a late-1990s computer science research laboratory in Pittsburgh, loosely associated with Carnegie Mellon University. Its director was Dr. Scott Fahlman.

During its relatively brief existence, from May 1996 to July 2000, JPRC performed work in machine vision, text classification and summarization, programming environments and user interface design.

Just Research researchers included:

 Dr Vibhu Mittal
 Dr Andrew McCallum
 Mr Mark Kantrowitz
 Dr Mikako Harada
 Mr Paul Gleichauf
 Dr Rahul Sukthankar
 Dr Michael Witbrock
 Mr Antoine Brusseau
 Dr Shumeet Baluja
 Mrs Keiko Hasegawa
 Dr Dayne Freitag
 Dr Rich Caruana
 Dr David "Pablo" Cohn

See also
 JustSystems

References

Research institutes in Pennsylvania
Computer science institutes in the United States
Carnegie Mellon University
1996 establishments in Pennsylvania
2000 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Jackal (comics)

Jackal, in comics, may refer to:

Jackal (Marvel Comics), a mad scientist and the enemy of Spider-Man in the Marvel Comics universe
Jackal, a terrorist and enemy of Superman in the DC Comics universe

It may also refer to:

Dr. Jackal, a character from the manga/anime GetBackers
Jackalman, a character from the ThunderCats comics
Red Jackal, a character from the G.I. Joe comics

See also
Jackal (disambiguation)

References
Arduin the Lombard

Arduin the Lombard (or Arduin of Melfi; ; ) was a Greek-speaking Lombard nobleman who fought originally for the Byzantines on Sicily and later against them as the leader of a band of Norman mercenaries.

He was the leader of the troops committed by Guaimar IV of Salerno to George Maniakes' Sicilian expedition in 1038. According to Amatus of Montecassino, he refused to surrender a captured horse to the Byzantine general and Maniakes consequently had him stripped and beaten. Whatever happened, Arduin and his Salernitan contingent along with the Normans (also sent by Guaimar) and the Varangians (sent by Emperor Constantine IX) abandoned Sicily and returned to the mainland.  

On the peninsula, the Byzantine catepan of Italy, Michael Doukeianos, appointed him topoterites of Melfi. He soon revolted against Greek authority in Apulia and he and his Normans joined the rebellion-in-progress of Argyrus. First, the nominal leader of the insurrection, Atenulf, brother of Pandulf III of Benevento, defected to the Greeks and then Argyrus, his successor. The Normans, bypassing Arduin (who may also have been bought off by the Greeks), chose their own successor to Argyrus, William Iron Arm, and Arduin faded completely out of view.

Sources 
 Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016-1130. London: Longman, 1967.
 Loud, Graham Anthony. The Age of Robert Guiscard: Southern Italy and the Norman Conquest. Harlow: Longman/Pearson Education, 2000.

11th-century Byzantine people
11th-century Lombard people
Byzantine generals
Byzantine rebels
Lombard warriors
Ss. Peter and Paul, Wannsee

Ss. Peter and Paul Church on Nikolskoë is a Protestant church in the Volkspark Glienecke in Berlin, Germany. It is currently administered by the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia. The church is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin.

History
King Friedrich Wilhelm III had the church built for the residents of Klein-Glienicke and Pfaueninsel on a bluff on the Havel near the Pfaueninsel and the Nikolskoë Blockhouse. It was designed by the architects Friedrich August Stüler and . Friedrich Wilhelm selected the Russian style to commemorate the marriage of his daughter Charlotte to the later Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. The king visited them at St. Petersburg in 1818 and for a return visit a year later had a Russian-style blockhouse built in the park at Glienicke, naming it Nikolskoë. In 1832, the king then ordered the construction of the nearby church which took place from 1834 to 1837.

It was inaugurated on August 13, 1837.

Until 1961, when the Berlin Wall cut the parish into three separate parts, Ss. Peter and Paul Church was part of the Evangelical Congregation of Neubabelsberg, then comprising a parish in Potsdam-Babelsberg, Klein-Glienicke (divided between Berlin and Potsdam), Nikolskoë and Potsdam-Sacrow with the further chapel in Klein-Glienicke and the Church of the Redeemer, Sacrow.

On December 22, 1941, the official German Evangelical Church called for suited actions by all Protestant church bodies to withhold baptised non-Aryans from all spheres of Protestant church life. Many German Christian-dominated congregations followed suit. However, the Evangelical Congregation of Neubabelsberg handed in a list of signatures in protest against the exclusion of the stigmatised Protestants of Jewish descent.

Description
The church has a Russian Orthodox profile, with the noteworthy difference that it has only one onion dome, instead of the five usually seen in Russia.

Ss. Peter and Paul contains the grave of Prince Charles of Prussia. The design of its current glockenspiel is based on that of the Potsdam Garrison Church.

Gallery

References

External links

 St. Peter und Paul auf der Website Kulturführer Berlin
 Kirche St. Peter und Paul
 Evangelische Kirche St. Peter und Paul auf Nikolskoe

1837 establishments in Germany
PeterPaul Wannsee
PeterPaul
Berlin PeterPaul Wannsee
Berlin PeterPaul Wannsee
Berlin PeterPaul Wannsee
Berlin PeterPaul Wannsee
Frederick William III of Prussia
SkyKing

SkyKing is the name of two airlines:

 SkyKing Limited, a defunct airline formerly based on the Turks and Caicos Islands (merged into Air Turks and Caicos)
 Sky King, Inc., a charter airline based in the United States

People
 Nickname for Richard Russell, American airport ground operator involved in the 2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident

Other
Emergency Action Message
List of Social Democratic Party (UK) MPs

This is a list of Social Democratic Party MPs.  It includes all members of Parliament elected to the British House of Commons representing the Social Democratic Party.  Members of the European Parliament are not listed.

Bruce Douglas-Mann, Labour Party MP for Mitcham and Morden, is not included as immediately on his change of allegiance he stood down, forcing a by-election, which he lost.

1 Joined David Owen's Social Democratic Party in 1988, then became an Independent Social Democrat MP from 1990 - 92.
2 Sitting Labour Party MP who joined the SDP.
3 Sitting Conservative Party MP who joined the SDP.
4 Later elected as a Liberal Democrat MP.
5 Later elected as a Conservative MP.
6 Previously elected as a Labour MP.
7 Joined the Liberal Democrats on their formation in 1988.
8 Subsequently left the SDP to sit as an independent Labour MP.

Graphical representation (1981-88) 
Also includes the continuing SDP from 1988.

See also
 Social Democratic Party election results

Social Democratic Party
Hotan River

The Hotan River (also known as the Khotan River or the Ho-t'ien River) is formed by the union of the White Jade (Yurungkash) and Karakash (Black Jade) Rivers, which flow north from the Kunlun Mountains into the Taklamakan Desert in northern China. The two rivers unite towards the middle of the desert, some  north of the town of Hotan. The river then flows  northwards across the desert and empties itself into the Tarim River. Because the river is fed by melting snow from the mountains, it only carries water during the summer and is dry the rest of the year. Prior to construction of the Tarim Desert Highway in 1995, the Hotan river bed provided the only transportation system across the Tarim Basin.

Wells
In the mid-20th century, wells along the course of the river included (south to north): Hsüeh-erh-ch'i-k'o-ma, Chi-la-mu-yeh-te-tao, Ai-k'o-t'i-ken, Ch'i-erh-ko-han-t'u-mu-shu-k'o, A-ya-k'o-wu-ssu-tan, Man-ta-t'u-mu-shu-k'o, Lo-tsa-pai-t'u-mu-shu-k'o, Yeh-ma-la-k'o-tao, Po-lo-ch'u-shih-kan, Hsi-t'i-pa-ku-t'an and Ya-erh-te-ku-tzu.

References

Notes

Rivers of Xinjiang
Sites along the Silk Road
Hotan
Eukanuba

Eukanuba ( ) is the brand name of dog food and cat food owned and manufactured by Mars, Incorporated worldwide and by Spectrum Brands in European markets; previously handled by Procter & Gamble from 1999 through 2014. The company produces 17 different types for dogs and 13 formulas for cats. 

Procter & Gamble announced in April 2014 that it would sell its Eukanuba, Iams and Natura pet food brands in all markets except Europe to Mars, Incorporated for $2.9 billion in cash. P&G said the deal would allow it to lose a slow performer and generate cash to grow core businesses. The deal for P&G Pet Care's operations in North America and Latin America was completed in August 2014. Mars, Inc also exercised options to acquire P&G’s pet food business in some parts of Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa, including Australia, Japan and Singapore. P&G sold its European pet care business to Spectrum Brands in December 2014.

History
In 1969, Paul Iams wanted to differentiate the new formula from other Iams products. Iams chose to name this new formula "Eukanuba", a term originated by jazz era personality Hoagy Carmichael, meaning "the tops" or "something supreme".

Manufacturing

When the Eukanuba manufacturing plant at Leipsic, Ohio was owned by P&G, it was P&G's largest dog food plant. Metal detectors are used to detect foreign objects that may have fallen in. Bags are marked by numbers to indicate the day and the hour the food was made by using the DD/MM/YYYY format, so that the bags can be traced in case of a recall.

The ingredients in Eukanuba products contain both animal and animal by-products, which are the non-rendered lungs, spleen, kidneys, brain, livers, blood, bone, partially de-fatted low temperature fatty tissue, and stomachs and intestines freed of their contents. By-products do not include hair, horns, teeth and hoofs. Most of the ingredients come from the United States, but a limited amount of nutritional supplements are imported from countries such as China.

Sponsorships
Eukanuba was the primary sponsor of the AKC/Eukanuba National Championship through December 2015.

In 2008, the show began hosting the Eukanuba World Challenge.

Eukanuba is also a sponsor of the Teva Mountain Games.

Eukanuba is the title sponsor for the Eukanuba Stage Stop Race in Jackson, Wyoming announced in July, 2015; formerly the International Pedigree Stage Stop Sled Dog Race.

The AKC National Championship sponsorship was officially converted in December 2016 to sponsorship by Eukanuba's new sister company, Royal Canin. The show was renamed "AKC National Championship presented by Royal Canin." The initial Royal Canin presence included Jerry O'Connell as a celebrity commentator, and a grand prize of $50,000 for the winning dog. The winner of the initial AKC/Royal Canin partnership event was from the Puli dog breed, nicknamed "Preston."

References

External links 
 

Cat food brands
Dog food brands
Products introduced in 1969
Mars brands
Former Procter & Gamble brands
Bakarwal

The Bakarwal (also Bakkarwal, Bakharwal, Bakrawala and Bakerwal) are a nomadic ethnic group who along with Gujjars, have been listed as Scheduled Tribes in the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh since 1991. Gujjar Bakerwal is the largest Muslim tribe in India and the third-largest ethnic community in the Indian part of Jammu and Kashmir.

As a nomadic tribe, they spread over a large area from Pir Panjal to Zanskar located in the Himalayan mountains of India to the Hindukush mountains of Afghanistan. They are goatherders and shepherds and seasonally migrate from one place to another with their herds. They are found in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh and in the Afghan province of Nuristan.

History
The Bakarwals claim the same origin as Gujjar. The Gujjars are known by many names: Ajjadh, Dohdhi Gujjars, Banhara Gujjars, and Van-Gujjars. Among Gujjars, those  who rear goats and sheep are called Bakarwals. Gujjars and Bakarwals share the same history, culture, language, sub-caste  and racial identity. They say that anthropological and genetic studies conducted on Gujjars and Bakarwals conclude that they are not separate identities in any way. In 1991 the Gujjar-Bakarwals were granted tribal status in Jammu and Kashmir by the Indian government after an exhaustive study. The study revealed that Bakarwal is another name for Gujjar and, as such, they were entered into revenue records as a separate tribal category according to the Indian constitution. Bakarwals belong to the same ethnic stock as the Gujjars, and inter-tribal marriages take place freely among them.

Etymology 

The term Bakarwal is an occupational one and is derived from the  Gojri word bakara meaning goat or sheep, and wal meaning "one who takes care of".

Society 
The Bakarwals belong to the same ethnic group as the Gujjars, and inter-tribal marriages take place among them.

Economy 
As sheep and goat rearing transhumants, the Bakarwals alternate with the seasons between high and low altitudes in the hills of the Himalayas. This is why the Bakarwals as a singular tribe are stretched from the hills of the Hindu Kush in Nuristan to the hills of the Himalayas in Uttarakhand. They are mainly found in the following areas of Nuristan Province, Kunar Province, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. From here, it is clear to see that the Bakarwals mainly follow a migration route through the foothills of the Himalayas as they can be found on the Upper Himalayan Range all the way down into the Lower Himalayan Range.

Legal status 
, the Bakarwal were classified as a Scheduled Tribe under the Indian government's general reservation program of positive discrimination.

References

Indigenous peoples of South Asia
Social groups of Jammu and Kashmir
Ethnic groups in India
Scheduled Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir
Transhumant ethnic groups
MCI Systemhouse

MCI Systemhouse specializes in running Data centers for customers and is a subsidiary of the Washington, DC-based MCI Communications Corporation, the result of a 1995 $1 billion acquisition of Canadian company SHL Systemhouse and its subsequent integration with MCI's technical services branch. The new company was formed to provide systems integration and outsourcing services. SHL Systemhouse based in Ottawa, Ontario, had revenue of $1.2  billion Canadian dollars in 1994, or about $883 million at then current exchange rates.

On February 11, 1999, MCI Systemhouse was acquired by EDS of Plano, Texas for $1.65 billion. EDS was able to recoup almost 25% of the purchase price by selling SHL Systemhouse's stake in Commerce One for $400 million in January, 2000. Prior to the acquisition, MCI Systemhouse was one of several entities that formed UML Partners, a group devoted to the development of the Unified Modeling Language (UML).

History

Customers of MCI Systemhouse have included Vons, CSAA, Ultramar, and United States Postal Service.

References

http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1995/MCI-to-Acquire-SHL-Systemhouse-for-$1-Billion/id-feaa2ae99f147f83354a20d769fd18b9.html

http://news.cnet.com/EDS%2C-MCI-in-17-billion-services-deal/2100-1017_3-221552.html

http://www.crn.com/news/channel-programs/18802628/eds-retains-systemhouse-identity-for-canada.htm

https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/26/business/company-news-eds-to-sell-commerce-one-holding-for-400-million.html

Telecommunications companies of Canada
Telecommunications companies of the United States
MCI Communications
Yamazaki distillery

is a Japanese whisky distillery located in Shimamoto, Osaka Prefecture, Japan.  Opened in 1923, and owned by Suntory, it was Japan's first commercial whisky distillery.  Seven thousand bottles of unblended malt whisky are on display in its "Whisky Library".

History

The Yamazaki distillery was opened in 1923 by Torii Shinjirō (鳥井 信治郎) as the first malt whisky distillery in Japan. The company founder and chairman of Kotobukiya (the predecessor company of Suntory) wanted to produce a serious whisky and therefore hired Taketsuru Masataka (竹鶴 政孝), whom he appointed factory director of the Yamazaki distillery in 1924. This descendant of a sake brewing family from the 17th century was in Scotland in 1918. He traveled to study at Glasgow University and learned how to make Scotch whisky on site. He married a Scottish girl, Jessie Roberta "Rita" Cowan († 1961), who went to Japan with him in 1920. Under Taketsuru (* 1894) the production of the first whisky was completed in 1929, which was sold as shirofuda (白札, English white label). Due to differences with Torii, Taketsuru left the company in 1934 and founded the Dai-Nippon Kaju KK company , later called Nikka Whisky Distilling, in Hokkaidō in the same year.

Styles of whisky 

There are three primary variants of Yamazaki whisky:
Yamazaki Single Malt 12-Year-Old whisky 
Yamazaki Single Malt 18-Year-Old whisky 
Yamazaki Single Malt 25-Year-Old whisky

There are also other offerings outside of the US such as the 10-, 25-, 35- and 50-year-old whiskies. Some offerings are dated vintages such as 1980, 1984, 1993, and there are also Puncheon and sherry offerings.

Evaluation
Spirit ratings organizations, such as the Beverage Testing Institute and the San Francisco World Spirits Competitions, have reacted favorably to Yamazaki's offerings.  Most notably, the 18-Year has earned six consecutive double gold medals at the San Francisco Spirits Competitions between 2008 and 2013.  Ratings aggregator Proof66.com places the Yamazaki 18-Year in the 97th percentile among its rated whiskies.

Yamazaki 25 Year Old was awarded "Best Japanese Single Malt" at the 2013 World Whisky Awards. Jim Murray's Whisky Bible 2015 awarded Yamazaki Single Malt Sherry Cask 2013 the title of World Whisky of the Year.

See also
 List of historic whisky distilleries

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 
Official website 
Suntory Yamazaki Distillery Guide 

Distilleries in Japan
Japanese whisky
Companies based in Osaka Prefecture
Food and drink companies established in 1923
Japanese brands
Tourist attractions in Osaka Prefecture
Japanese companies established in 1923
Suntory
Iran Ajr

Iran Ajr, formerly known as the Arya Rakhsh, was a Japanese-built landing craft used by Iran to lay naval mines during the Iran–Iraq War. Built in 1978, the 614-ton, 54-meter ship was powered by two diesel engines and featured a bow ramp for unloading cargo. She was scuttled in 1987.

Iran–Iraq War
On 21 September 1987, U.S. forces involved in Operation Prime Chance – the covert part of Operation Earnest Will, the mission to protect U.S.-flagged petroleum-carrying ships in the Persian Gulf – tracked Iran Ajr and dispatched United States Army helicopters from the United States Navy guided-missile frigate  to shadow her. When the aviators reported that people aboard Iran Ajr were laying mines, the U.S. commander in the Persian Gulf ordered the pilots to "stop the mining." The helicopters fired on the ship, killing some of the crewmen and chasing others into the water. A team of United States Navy SEAL commandos later boarded the ship, confirmed the presence of mines, and detained the surviving Iranians. On 26 September, EOD MU5 Detachment 5 scuttled the ship in international waters.

When the U.S. Navy guided-missile frigate  struck a mine in the Persian Gulf in April 1988, U.S. Navy explosive ordnance specialists matched the serial numbers of nearby unexploded mines to the ones aboard Iran Ajr. This evidence of Iranian involvement in the mining of Samuel B. Roberts led to the biggest surface-warfare naval battle since World War II, the retribution campaign of 18 April 1988 called Operation Praying Mantis.

The captured colors of Iran Ajr are in the U.S. Navy Museum.

References

Further reading

External links
The attack on the Iran Ajr
Another narration of the attack
Photos of the captured Iran Ajr and its detainees aboard U.S. Navy warships

Amphibious warfare vessels of Japan
Minelayers of Japan
Amphibious warfare vessels of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy
Ships built in Japan
1978 ships
Iran–Japan relations
Minelayers of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy
Operations involving special forces
United States Navy in the 20th century
Iran–United States relations
Shipwrecks in the Persian Gulf
Maritime incidents in 1987
Vessels captured by the United States Navy
Iran–Iraq War naval ships of Iran
Scuttled vessels
Zhaoxian

Zhaoxian or Zhao Xian may refer to:
Zhao County (), Hebei, China
Zhaoxian (Taoism) (), "illuminated immortals", who achieve transcendence through constant periods of thought and recollection

People with the name Zhaoxian or Zhao Xian include:
 Bi Gui (died 249), courtesy name Zhaoxian (), official of the state of Cao Wei
 Emperor Wenzong of Tang (809–840), posthumous name Emperor Zhaoxian ()
 Empress Dowager Du (–961), posthumous name Empress Dowager Zhaoxian (), mother of Emperor Taizu of Song
 Emperor Gong of Song (1271–1323), personal name Zhao Xian ()

See also
King Zhaoxiang of Qin (; 325–251 BC)
Rasul Makasharipov

Rasul Makasharipov (; 1972 – July 6, 2005), nicknamed Muslim and also known as Emir Rasul, was a Dagestani Islamist leader in southern Russia. He was the founder of the militant group Dzhennet and later created the rebel group Shariat Jamaat, which sought to unite Caucasian Muslims under Islamic rule and later became part of the Caucasian Front.

Biography

Rasul Makasharipov was a native of Dagestan's south-western Tsumadinsky District, bordering Chechnya and inhabited by Caucasian Avars. In 1997 his father expelled him from the house and he moved to Chechnya, where he became an Avar interpreter of Arab warlord Khattab and the rogue Chechen field commander Shamil Basayev during their abortive Invasion of Dagestan in 1999. Makasharipov surrendered to Dagestani authorities in 2000, but was released under an amnesty a year later.

Within a year he began assembling his own organization, finding willing recruits from young Dagestanis who had suffered at the hands of the police. According to one of his followers, "Makasharipov spoke about the necessity to stop persecution and humiliation of Muslims in Dagestan. He said this could be done by killing policemen." (The Moscow Times, March 15, 2005) The organization became known as the Dzhennet (Arabic: Paradise) group and soon started assassinating high-ranking police officials, investigators and prosecutors; the group was destroyed by the Russian crackdown in 2002, with Makasharipov being reportedly the sole survivor who remained free.

The same year, Makasharipov found his new group, the Shariat Jamaat, which in May 2005 became part of the Caucasian Front established by the new President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Abdul-Halim Sadulayev after the death of Aslan Maskhadov. On January 15, 2005, the FSB reported his death in an attack on a Jamaat safehouse, but Makasharipov surfaced four days later to refute these claims. Makasharipov was eventually killed in a shootout with Russian troops on July 6, 2005; his deputy Rappani Khalilov became his successor as the leader of the Shariat Jamaat.

References

1972 births
2005 deaths
Chechen Islamists
People from Tsumadinsky District
Avar people
Russian Sunni Muslims
Russian Islamists
Caucasian Front (militant group)
People of the Chechen wars
Deaths by firearm in Russia
Leaders of Islamic terror groups
Periodontal ligament stem cells

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are stem cells found near the periodontal ligament of the teeth. PDLSCs have shown potential in the regeneration of not only the periodontal complex but also other dental and non-dental tissues. They are involved in adult regeneration of the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum.  The cells are known to express STRO-1 and CD146 proteins.

PDLSCs play a role as progenitor cells. They are capable of generating into into osteoblasts, cementoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes.

References

Tissues (biology)
West Zone cricket team

The West Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents western India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of players from five first-class Indian teams from western India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Baroda, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Mumbai and Saurashtra. West Zone has the best track record of all the zones in the Duleep Trophy, as they have won the Trophy 17 times, similar to North Zone. This included four consecutive titles from 1961-62 through to the 1964-65 season, although the third of these were shared with South Zone. Playing against South Zone at the Rajiv Gandhi Stadium in the 2009-10 Duleep Trophy final, West Zone set a new first-class record for the highest fourth innings total to win a match, scoring 541-7.

Current squad

Players with international caps are listed in bold. Updated as on 26 July 2023

Famous players from West Zone

Ajit Agarkar
Sairaj Bahutule
Sunil Gavaskar
Vijay Hazare
Wasim Jaffer
Vinod Kambli
Saurabh Chauhan
Vinoo Mankad
Vijay Merchant
Nayan Mongia
Parthiv Patel
Irfan Pathan
Yusuf Pathan
Rohit Sharma
Sachin Tendulkar
Zaheer Khan
Dilip Vengsarkar
Ravi Shastri
Ajinkya Rahane
Kedar Jadhav
Hardik Pandya
Krunal Pandya
Jasprit Bumrah

References

External links
 West Zone at CricketArchive

Indian first-class cricket teams
Predmestky Festival

The Predmestky Festival (also known as Festival de la Predmestky) is a free music and puppet festival held annually in the mountains of western North Carolina.  Early prototypes of the festival in the mid 1980s were called the Doc Locke Rock Fest; in 1995 giant puppets were created for the festival, and an original puppet rock opera was added.

Festivals in North Carolina
Hutchinson Commons

Hutchinson Commons (also known as Hutchinson Hall) at the University of Chicago is modeled, nearly identically, on the hall of Christ Church, one of Oxford University's constituent colleges. The great room (or main dining room) measures 115 feet by 40 feet, and was for many years the principal site of convocations of the university. It is located in Chicago's Hyde Park community and is currently used as a dining hall and lounge for university students and professors. The building was donated to the University by the banker, philanthropist and university trustee and treasurer Charles L. Hutchinson through a donation of $60,000 (about $1.7 million in 2015) for the purpose.

Gallery

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Chicago
University of Chicago
Lafayette County High School (Arkansas)

Lafayette County High School is an accredited comprehensive public high school located in Stamps, Arkansas, United States. The school provides secondary education in grades 7 through 12 for approximately  of rural, distant communities of eastern Lafayette County, Arkansas, including Buckner, Falcon, Lewisville, Stamps and surrounding area. It is one of two public high schools in Lafayette County and the sole high school administered by the Lafayette County School District.

As of 2003, Lafayette County High School had over 900 students, and 45 instructors. Lafayette County has earned distinctions in Ingram's Magazine out of Kansas City for being the top 15 schools in the Texarkana area in average ACT composite scores.

Academics 
Lafayette High School is a Title I school that is accredited by the ADE and has been accredited by AdvancED since 1931.

Curriculum 
The assumed course of study follows the Smart Core curriculum developed by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE), which requires students complete at least 24 units prior to graduation. Students complete regular coursework and exams and may take Advanced Placement (AP) courses and exam with the opportunity to receive college credit.

Students have participated in Academic Competitions, NASA's Great Moonbuggy Race, Speech and Debate.

Athletics 
The Lafayette County High School mascot is the cougar with navy blue and silver serving as the school colors.

The Lafayette County Cougars compete in interscholastic activities within the 2A Classification, the state's 2nd smallest classification administered by the Arkansas Activities Association. The Cougars play within the 2A Region 7 Conference for football and the 2A Region 7 East Conference for basketball.

The Cougars fields junior varsity and varsity teams in golf (boys/girls), volleyball, basketball (boys/girls), tennis (boys/girls), track and field (boys/girls), baseball, and softball, along with cheer and dance.

School shootings 
On January 7, 1980, 16-year-old Evan Hampton, high school freshman student at Stamps High School, waited in a classroom for 19-year-old student Mike Sanders, whom he immediately killed. Hampton went to the principal's office, turned in the gun and waited for his arrest by police. He was convicted of first degree murder, sentenced to 20 years and was released after only serving four.

On December 15, 1997, 14-year old Joseph "Colt" Todd shot two students with a .22-caliber rifle as he hid in the woods outside of campus. He told law enforcement that he was tired of getting bullied, 17-year old Grover Henderson and 15-year old LaTisia Finley survived. and he was sentenced to five years in prison with 2 1/2 years suspended.

References

External links 
 

Public high schools in Arkansas
Public middle schools in Arkansas
Schools in Lafayette County, Arkansas
Kibbles 'n Bits

Kibbles 'n Bits is a brand name for dog food that The J.M. Smucker Co. decided to include among the pet food brands sold to Post Holdings. On April 28, 2023, PH announced that it had completed the acquisition of Kibbles 'n Bits, which is now marketed by Post Consumer Brands.

History
The brand was originally created in 1981 as the first dual textured dog food, having soft chewy pieces as well as hard crunchy ones. It was developed by Quaker Oats as part of their Ken'l Ration brand.

In 1983, more bits ingredients were added to the dog food and the brand was renamed "Kibbles 'n Bits 'n Bits 'n Bits." The addition of more bits and popular ads increased sales by double their estimates.

In 1995, Kibbles 'n Bits was acquired by the H.J. Heinz Company, which in turn sold their pet food division to Del Monte Foods later on. The Lawrence, Kansas plant produces around 1.7 million pounds a day, 9.9 million pounds a week and around 497 million pounds of Kibbles 'n Bits dog food a year.

The J.M. Smucker Co. took control of Kibbles 'n Bits in 2015, when it acquired the company that marketed it, Big Heart Pet Brands. In 2023, the brand was acquired by Post Holdings, Inc. and started to be marketed by Post Consumer Brands.

Kibbles 'n Bits was among several brands recalled in February 2018 due to FDA findings of sodium pentobarbital, a drug used in euthanasia.

References

External links 

 

Products introduced in 1981
Dog food brands
1981 establishments in the United States
2023 mergers and acquisitions
S. Mark Young

S. Mark Young is a professor and writer focused on management accounting and control, particularly in relation to the entertainment industry. He was born in Sydney, Australia and attended Homebush Primary and High Schools. After he and his family moved to the United States, he graduated from Thomas Worthington High School. He holds an A.B. degree in Economics from Oberlin College, a Master's of Accounting degree from The Ohio State University, and holds a Ph.D. in Accounting from the University of Pittsburgh.  

Young holds the George Bozanic and Holman G. Hurt Chair in Sports and Entertainment Business at the Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California. He is a Professor of Accounting at the Leventhal School of Accounting, also part of the Marshall School of Business, and holds courtesy appointments as a Professor of Journalism and Communication at USC Annenberg School for Journalism and Communication, and as a Professor of Management and Organization at the Marshall School. Young also serves as an instructor in management accounting for USC's Masters of Business for Veterans and USC's Executive MBA Programs. 

Young is recognized as a Distinguished Fellow at the Center for Excellence in Teaching at USC, and received the Mellon Foundation Mentoring Award. In 2020, the Management Accounting Section of the American Accounting Association honored him with the Lifetime Achievement Award in Management Accounting.

As an avid high school and college tennis player, Young also serves as the Official Historian for USC Men's Tennis Team. Recently, Young published Trojan Tennis: A History of the Storied Men's Tennis Team at the University of Southern California (New Chapter Books, 2018).

Young has also done research on popular culture, which led to a collaboration with Mike Richardson and Steve Duin (columnist for The Oregonian newspaper), on Blast Off! Rockets, Robots, Ray Guns and Rarities from the Golden Age of Space Toys (Dark Horse Books, 2001). The book is a history of the role and influence of space toys on society through the late 1950s. Blast Off! has been used as a reference for sci-fi movies including Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow.

In October 2006, Young and Loveline 's Dr. Drew Pinsky published a study entitled Narcissism and Celebrity in the Journal of Research in Personality. This paper was the first to directly gather actual data from celebrities.  The study was included as part of the New York Times Magazine's special issue, The Year in Ideas for 2006. In 2009, Young and Pinsky's book, The Mirror Effect: How Celebrity Narcissism is Seducing America, was published by Harper Collins (New York). The Mirror Effect describes the process by which the narcissistic behaviors of celebrities have become normalized by modern media, and the presumed impact of this rising narcissism on today's youth.

References

External links
 S. Mark Young at USC's Marshall School of Business

Living people
Oberlin College alumni
University of Southern California faculty
Academics from Sydney
Year of birth missing (living people)
North Zone cricket team

The North Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents northern India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of players from seven first-class Indian teams from northern India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Services. North Zone has the strongest track record of all the zones in the Duleep Trophy, as they have won the Trophy 17 times, with the next best team, West Zone having won 16 times. They hold the record for the most consecutive titles, five, from 1990-91 through to 1994-95.

Current squad

Players with international caps are listed in bold. Updated as on 24 Jul 2023

Notable players from North Zone

Kapil Dev
Gautam Gambhir
Dinesh Mongia
Virender Sehwag
Ishant Sharma
Navjot Singh Sidhu
Harbhajan Singh
Yuvraj Singh
Lala Amarnath
Surinder Amarnath
Mohinder Amarnath
Virat Kohli
Bishen Singh Bedi
Aakash Chopra

North Zone also had the services of some very famous Pakistani cricketers before partition, such as
 Dr Jehangir Khan
 Dilawar Hussain
 Gul Mohammad
 Nazar Mohammad
 A H Kardar
 Fazal Mahmood
 Imtiaz Ahmed
 Akshay Patel

External links
 Lists of matches played by North Zone at CricketArchive

Indian first-class cricket teams
Indiana State Road 103

State Road 103 in the U.S. State of Indiana is a  north–south route in Henry County.

Route description
State Road 103 nearly parallels its parent route, State Road 3, between U.S. Route 36 east of Mount Summit and U.S. Route 40 in Lewisville. It runs through downtown New Castle and past the Wilbur Wright Fish and Wildlife Area. It also crosses Interstate 70, but there is no interchange.

History 
SR 103 from US 40 to SR 38 was SR 3, before a new four-lane highway was built and SR 3 was rerouted onto the new four-lane highway.

Major intersections

References

External links

103
West Mesa Airport

West Mesa Airport, also known as Western Air Express Airport, TWA Airport, or Cutter-Carr Airport, was an airport on the West Side of Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, which was the city's main commercial aviation facility during the 1930s. It was built in 1929 by Western Air Express as a stop on the airline's Los Angeles–Kansas City route, with a hangar and passenger terminal added in 1930. It was the city's second airfield after the original Albuquerque Airport, which was used by a rival airline, Transcontinental Air Transport (TAT). The two airlines merged in 1930 to form TWA, moving all of their operations to the West Mesa field. The merger gave TWA control of the nation's first coast-to-coast passenger airline route and allowed it to secure a lucrative federal airmail contract.

West Mesa Airport provided commercial passenger service on TWA's Los Angeles–New York route, with direct flights to Los Angeles, Winslow, Arizona, and Amarillo, Texas. The airport was also served by the El Paso–Pueblo, Colorado route operated by Mid Continent Air Express (later Varney Speed Lines and then Continental Airlines). All commercial airline service moved to the new Albuquerque Municipal Airport when it opened in 1939. The unused West Mesa Airport was subsequently used as a nightclub and auto racing venue for a brief period before being leased to Cutter-Carr Flying Service in 1940. The airport remained in use for general aviation until the 1960s, last appearing on aeronautical charts in 1967. It was subsequently abandoned and razed. A section of runway 11 and some foundations were still visible until 2021.

The airport was located about  west of Downtown Albuquerque, on the north side of Central Avenue at what is now Airport Drive. The airport had four unpaved runways arranged in the shape of an eight-pointed star, the longest of which was the  runway 16/34. The main buildings were the  hangar, which was designed to house two Fokker F-32 aircraft, and the Pueblo-style passenger terminal. When built, the location on the West Mesa was surrounded by empty desert, though it has mostly been filled in with new development since the airport closed.

References

External links
 Background on West Mesa Airport

Defunct airports in the United States
Airports in New Mexico
Airports established in 1929
Transportation in Albuquerque, New Mexico
Lok Sin Tong Leung Chik Wai Memorial School

Lok Sin Tong Leung Chik Wai Memorial School (Chinese: 樂善堂梁植偉紀念中學) is a secondary school on Tsing Yi Island in Hong Kong. Situated within the fifth phase of Cheung Hong Estate near Liu To, the school was founded on 8 April 1986 by Lok Sin Tong, a charity based in Kowloon. It was the fourth secondary school on the island.

External links
Official website

Educational institutions established in 1986
Secondary schools in Hong Kong
Lok Sin Tong
Tsing Yi
1986 establishments in Hong Kong
Box (torture)

The box, also known as a hot box or sweatbox, is a method of solitary confinement used in humid and arid regions as a method of punishment. Anyone placed in one would experience extreme heat, dehydration, heat exhaustion, or even death, depending on when and how long one was kept in the box. Another variation of this punishment is known as sweating, the use of a heated room to punish or coerce a person into cooperating with the torturers.

Use 
 The technique was used by prisons in the Southern United States until late in the 19th century and as punishment during times of slavery.
 The technique, then known as the "sweat box", was used in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
 The North Vietnamese Army used the technique at the infamous Hanoi Hilton.
 The CIA claims that the Chinese government has used "extreme heat" and "sweating" against dissidents.
 Use of a "sweatbox" has also been reported as a method of punishment in North Korean concentration camps, notably in Kang Chol-hwan's book The Aquariums of Pyongyang.
 In 2008, it was revealed that the U.S. military was detaining Iraqi prisoners in wooden crates, arousing concern of their use as hotboxes.
In 2009, Marcia Powell, a prisoner at Arizona State Prison Complex – Perryville, United States, died of heat exposure after being placed in an outdoor cage for four hours.
 The Tarrafal camp, in Cape Verde, used a small windowless shack as a form of torture against prisoners, most of them convicted of conspiring against Salazar's regime in Portugal.

Hot box torture has been portrayed in numerous films and television shows, including Leadbelly, Hell's Highway, Life, Life Is Beautiful, Cool Hand Luke, Stir Crazy, Take the Money and Run, Carbine Williams, The Longest Yard and its 2005 remake, Seven Days, The Bridge on the River Kwai, Von Ryan's Express, Prison Break, The X-Files, Oz, Firefly, Sullivan's Travels, My Name is Earl, The A-Team, Farscape, Burn Notice, Batman: The Animated Series, Bates Motel, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Django Unchained, Stranger Things, 1923 and Escape Plan. A parody of hot box torture was portrayed by a sandbox in Toy Story 3. Box torture was also used on Josh Groban in Muppets Most Wanted.

See also 
 Torture chamber
 Sensory deprivation
 Torture and the United States

References 

Penal imprisonment
Modern instruments of torture
Contemporary instruments of torture
Torture in the United States