alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952

Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952 is  an International Labour Organization Convention on social security and protection at the contingencies that include any morbid condition, whatever its cause and pregnancy.[Article 8]

It was established in 1952, with the preamble stating:

Ratifications
As of December 2022, the convention has been ratified by 65 states.

External links 
Text.
Ratifications.

International Labour Organization conventions
Social security
Treaties concluded in 1952
Treaties entered into force in 1955
Treaties of Albania
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of Austria
Treaties of Barbados
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of Bolivia
Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Treaties of Brazil
Treaties of Bulgaria
Treaties of Chad
Treaties of Croatia
Treaties of Cyprus
Treaties of Costa Rica
Treaties of Czechoslovakia
Treaties of the Czech Republic
Treaties of Zaire
Treaties of Denmark
Treaties of the Dominican Republic
Treaties of Ecuador
Treaties of France
Treaties of West Germany
Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece
Treaties of Honduras
Treaties of Iceland
Treaties of Israel
Treaties of Italy
Treaties of Ireland
Treaties of Japan
Treaties of Jordan
Treaties of the Libyan Arab Republic
Treaties of Luxembourg
Treaties of Mauritania
Treaties of Mexico
Treaties of the Netherlands
Treaties of Montenegro
Treaties of Niger
Treaties of Norway
Treaties of Peru
Treaties of Poland
Treaties of Portugal
Treaties of Russia
Treaties of Romania
Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Treaties of Senegal
Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
Treaties of Slovakia
Treaties of Slovenia
Treaties of Spain
Treaties of Sweden
Treaties of Switzerland
Treaties of North Macedonia
Treaties of Togo
Treaties of Turkey
Treaties of Ukraine
Treaties of the United Kingdom
Treaties of Uruguay
Treaties of Venezuela
Treaties of Yugoslavia
Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
1952 in labor relations
Session Road

Session Road is a six-lane  major road in Baguio, Philippines. The entire road forms part of National Route 231 (N231) of the Philippine highway network.

Route description
Session Road is the main thoroughfare of Baguio in the Philippines and is the main hub of what is called the Baguio Central Business District.

Lower Session Road
The Lower Session Road extends eastward from Magsaysay Avenue (opposite the Plaza or kilometer zero and Malcolm Square) running through the BCBD until the intersections of Father Carlu Street (towards the Baguio Cathedral and Upper Bonifacio Street) and Governor Pack Road.  This is the area where businesses are located, among others banks, shops, restaurants, bakeries, hotels, newsstands, boutiques, and studios.

Upper Session Road
The Upper Session Road extends from Post Office Loop, Leonard Wood Road, and the foot of Luneta Hill (where SM City Baguio is located) to the rotunda cutting toward South Drive (towards Baguio Country Club), Loakan Road (towards Camp John Hay, Loakan Airport, Philippine Military Academy, Baguio City Economic Zone, and the mine areas of Itogon, Benguet), and Military Cut-Off (towards Kennon Road).

History
Session Road derives its name from the fact that it used to lead up to the old Baden-Powell Hall, where the Philippine Commission held its sessions from April 22 to June 11, 1904, and officially initiated the use of Baguio as the Philippine Summer Capital. The Commission was composed of Governor General Luke E. Wright, president, and Commissioners Henry Ide, Dean Conant Worcester, Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, Benito Legarda, Jose de Luzuriaga, James Francis Smith and William Cameron Forbes. A marker by what is now Baden-Powell Inn, beside the enormous bus terminals on Governor Pack Road, stands as the only visible evidence that anything of historical significance ever took place on Session Road.

Session Road used to host Japanese bazaars in the 1920s and 1930s. During World War II, the road was almost obliterated when the Americans bombed Baguio to liberate it from the Japanese.

The road was also part of Highway 11 or Route 11 that served the Cordillera Range.

Intersections

In popular culture
A local Philippine band called sessiOnroad based their name on the famous thoroughfare.

References

External links 

Baguio
Roads in Benguet
Shopping districts and streets in the Philippines
Baptist Theological Seminary at Richmond

Baptist Theological Seminary at Richmond (BTSR) was a free-standing seminary in Richmond, Virginia. It was founded in March 1989 by Virginia Baptists related to the Southern Baptist Alliance (now the Alliance of Baptists) and Baptist General Association of Virginia. In the late 1980s, as the situation began to change in Southern Baptist Convention during the conservative resurgence/fundamentalist takeover, others in the region joined them in seeing the need for alternative options for theological education among Baptists. BTSR was also affiliated with the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship. Accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada, BTSR offered degrees including the Master of Divinity (M.Div.), Master of Theological Studies (MTS), and Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.).

On November 13, 2018, the BTSR Trustees announced that the school would close, effective June 30, 2019.  The trustees cited financial pressure as the reason for the closure, and said that the school would work with students to transfer their credits to other seminaries.

References

External links
 

Seminaries and theological colleges in Virginia
Education in Richmond, Virginia
Educational institutions established in 1989
Educational institutions disestablished in 2019
1989 establishments in Virginia
2019 disestablishments in Virginia
Organization of Communist Revolutionaries (Marxist–Leninist)

Organization of Communist Revolutionaries (Marxist–Leninist)  () was an Iranian  Maoist organization. It was formed in opposition to the Shah regime in Iran.

OCR(M-L) was founded in 1970 and it advocated against policies of Nikita Khrushchev, describing them as 'Khrushchevian Revisionism'. Instead it supported Mao Zedong and his strategy of People’s war and Cultural Revolution in China. They adopted program that claimed that the ideology of the working class was 'Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought'.

Later in 1976, OCR(M-L) merged with the 'Pooya Group',  forming the Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran). OCR(M-L) is regarded as an early part of the current Communist Party of Iran (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist).

References

Banned communist parties
Banned political parties in Iran
Defunct communist parties in Iran
Left-wing militant groups in Iran
Maoist organisations in Iran
Chit (board wargames)

Chits are a type of wargame counter that are generally not directly representational but used for the following purposes:

 Tracking, being placed on a numeric runner to indicate turn status, as in some rule variants for Squad Leader. In Axis & Allies Revised Edition, chits can be used to track air unit movement, indicating how many spaces fighters or bombers can move after combat.
 Randomization or chit drawing, as in Air Baron, where at the start of each round, one color-coded chit per player is placed in a cup.  The chits are drawn sequentially to determine the current order of play.  Chit drawing is also used in Air Baron to pay income.  Every purchased airline spoke, plus all hubs, have a unique chit placed in a cup. At the start of every turn, the player randomly draws two chits, paying the owner appropriately. Chits are replaced at the end of each round.
 Fog of war, with some chits marked with question marks or placed over unit chits, allowing the opposing player to see where opposing forces are but hiding the type of unit.
 Terrain attributes, where numeric chits are randomly distributed over the terrain to indicate the frequency that resources are available in The Settlers of Catan.

Examples
Advanced Squad Leader: solid red and solid black coloured chits are drawn to determine battery access for offboard artillery.
Ambush!: lettered chits are drawn to determine the order in which individual game characters may receive turns.
Sniper!: used coloured chits with numbers on them to determine which side received a turn, and which game characters on that side, by comparing a recorded activation level against the number on the chit.

Board wargames
Niels Arntzen Sem

Niels Arntzen Sem (10 February 1782 – 19 December 1859) was a Norwegian politician.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1825 and 1827, representing the constituency of Stavanger Amt. He worked as district  magistrate () for Jæren from 1823 until 1828.

In 1828, he was appointed County Governor of Buskeruds Amt. While working in Buskerud, he was elected to the Norwegian Parliament to represent that county in 1830. In 1831, he was appointed as Diocesan Governor of Akershus stiftamt as well as County Governor of Akershus amt (one of its subordinate counties). He held that post until 1837 when he was transferred to another county. He then served as Diocesan Governor of Christianssand stiftamt as well as County Governor of Lister og Mandals amt (one of its subordinate counties). While working in Christianssand, he was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1842 and 1845.

In 1830 and 1845 he was President of the Storting, sharing the position with several people.

From 1846 to 1857 he was again appointed as the County Governor of Christiania Stiftamt. From October 1852 until 12 April 1853 he was an acting member of the Council of State Division in interim in Stockholm, founded during King Oscar I's illness.

References

1782 births
1859 deaths
Norwegian jurists
Presidents of the Storting
Members of the Storting
County governors of Norway
Government ministers of Norway
19th-century Norwegian people
New Brunswick dollar

The dollar was the currency of New Brunswick between 1860 and 1867. It replaced the pound at a rate of 4 dollars = 1 pound (5 shillings = 1 dollar) and was equal to the Canadian dollar. The New Brunswick dollar was replaced by the Canadian dollar at par when New Brunswick entered the Canadian Confederation.

Coins

Coins were issued between 1861 and 1864 in denominations of , 1, 5, 10 and 20 cent. The  and 1 cent were struck in bronze, the others in silver. The  cent piece was struck in error by the Royal Mint, as New Brunswick used a different pound conversion rate than Nova Scotia and did not require the denomination. As most of the coins were returned for melting, surviving  cent pieces are scarce.

Banknotes
Four chartered banks issued notes, the Bank of New Brunswick, the Central Bank of New Brunswick, the Commercial Bank of New Brunswick and the People's Bank of New Brunswick. Denominations issued were 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollars. The Commercial Bank's notes also bore the denominations in pounds and shillings. The Bank of New Brunswick and the People's Bank of New Brunswick continued to issue notes after Confederation, see Canadian chartered bank notes.

See also
 New Brunswick pound

References

External links
 Currency Reforms (1841-71)
 

 

Currencies of Canada
Modern obsolete currencies
1860 establishments in New Brunswick
1867 disestablishments
19th-century economic history
Economy of New Brunswick
Velo Vision

VeloVision was a quarterly magazine that covered specialised bicycles, utility cycling and human power worldwide since 2000 and was originally published and edited by Peter Eland. The format is 230mm x 280mm (slightly over A4). The headquarters of the magazine was in York.

In 2015, Eland retired from publishing the magazine and sold it to a former reader, Howard Yeomans. VeloVision covered utility and delivery bikes, commuting, folding bikes, tandems, special needs cycling, recumbents. The magazine closed in December 2016.

References

External links
 
Special needs cycling guides in issue 11 and issue 19 (PDF)

2000 establishments in the United Kingdom
2016 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Cycling magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 2000
Magazines disestablished in 2016
Mass media in York
Quarterly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Transport magazines published in the United Kingdom
YPS

YPS may refer to:

 Civil Protection Units (YPS), a Kurdish rebel group in Turkey
 IATA airport code of Port Hawkesbury Airport, in Canada
 Yps (comics), a German comic
 Yellow prussiate of soda, or sodium ferrocyanide
 the Yorkshire Philosophical Society (founded 1822)
 Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern, a Ukrainian-American historian
Abolition of Penal Sanctions (Indigenous Workers) Convention, 1955 (shelved)

Abolition of Penal Sanctions (Indigenous Workers) Convention, 1955 (shelved) is  an International Labour Organization Convention.

It was established in 1955, with the preamble stating:

Ratifications
Prior to its shelving, the convention was ratified by 26 states.

References

External links 

Text.
Ratifications.

Shelved International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties concluded in 1955
Treaties entered into force in 1958
Westbrae, Berkeley, California

Westbrae is a neighborhood in the northern part of Berkeley, California in the East Bay section of the San Francisco Bay Area.  Westbrae is "centered" on the intersection of Santa Fe Avenue and Gilman Street, although the main extent is east, south and west of this intersection, with the Albany city limit only a short distance north. It lies at an elevation of 79 feet (24 m).  The neighborhood is mainly residential, with a small commercial section along Gilman from Santa Fe to Tevlin Street.  In the past, businesses consisted of liquor and grocery stores but now are small restaurants, a natural food store, bakeries, and a nursery. The elevated tracks of the BART Richmond line cut diagonally across Westbrae, crossing over Gilman in the commercial section.  There is a church formerly named the Westbrae Bible Church, now the Evangel Bible Church of Berkeley, located nearby on the corner of Hopkins and Ordway about three blocks from the center of the Westbrae neighborhood.

Until about 1979, the tracks of the Santa Fe railroad ran beside where the BART elevated and underground lines are today.  Today, the Ohlone Greenway, a bicycle and pedestrian path, follows the old right-of-way. Paralleling the Santa Fe tracks to the east were the tracks of the Key System's G-Westbrae line.  The "G" terminated at a small station just short of the city limits at Codornices Creek.  The origin of Westbrae is directly connected to the Key System.  The Key System was part of a larger enterprise which included real estate, the Realty Syndicate.  The name "Westbrae" was given by the Key developers and included tracts north of Codornices Creek in Albany.  A street through the heart of this area was, and remains, "Key Route Boulevard".  There were future plans to extend the G-Westbrae line northward to serve the development area, but this never happened.  The "G" remained a trolley shuttle between the terminal near Gilman and Santa Fe, connecting with the H transbay line at Sacramento Street and University Avenue instead of being extended and transformed into a full-fledged transbay line of its own. AC Transit operates a Transbay express bus line along Key Route designated G, and also an H line to this day; the designations are inherited from the Key System lines.

References

Neighborhoods in Berkeley, California
Streetcar suburbs
Howwood railway station

Howwood railway station is a railway station serving the village of Howwood, Renfrewshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Ayrshire Coast Line,  south west of .

History 
The original Howwood station was opened on 21 July 1840 by the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway and was known as Howood. The station had a very short life and closed just over two weeks later on 11 August 1840. A new station called Howwood was opened on 1 December 1876, 200 metres south west of the original, and closed on 7 March 1955.

The current station opened on 12 March 2001, on the same site as the 1876 station. It has a 24-hour station car park with 30 spaces.

Services

2016 service pattern 
There is a half-hourly service at the station. Trains run from Ayr-Glasgow Central, calling at all stops between Glasgow and Ayr.  This drops to hourly in the evening and on Sundays, when trains run to either  or .

References

Notes

Sources

External links

 Video footage of Howwood Station

Railway stations in Renfrewshire
Former Glasgow and South Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1840
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1840
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1876
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1955
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 2001
Railway stations served by ScotRail
SPT railway stations
Louis Gurlitt

Heinrich Louis Theodor Gurlitt (8 March 1812 – 19 November 1897), also called Louis Gurlitt, was a Danish-German painter of landscapes. His brother was the composer Cornelius Gurlitt, and his son was the architect and art historian also called Cornelius Gurlitt.

Biography
Louis Gurlitt was a Danish painter, born in Altona in Holstein to Johan August Wilhem Gurlitt and Helene Eberstein. Altona was then one of the largest Danish towns, due to royal privileges allowing among other things freedom of religion. He received his first degree from Siegfried Detlev Bendixen's studio in Hamburg. Gurlitt studied in Copenhagen 1832 and won a silver medal in 1833, and exhibited here until about 1875. The academy recommended him as one of the most mature and talented students. He married  Elise Saxild in 1837. After her death in 1839 he married Julie Bürger, with whom he had a son. After his second wife's death in 1844 he married Elisabeth Lewald in 1847. After the marriage he lived in Austria and Germany. Being from Holsten, he chose the German side in the conflicts in 1848 and 1864, when Prussia won the war and Schleswig-Holstein which was under the reign of the Danish king. He was known for his oil paintings. Gurlitt stayed well connected to Danish painters. But he was born Danish and then became German. The Royal collection of paintings owns six of his famous works. His painting titled Norwegian Landscape was auctioned at $22,174 in 2012 at Sotheby's London "European Paintings". A few of his Paintings are:
Landscape Near Salzburg
Monte Pellegrino
Bay Of Ieranto With Fishermen
North Italian Landscape

His Paintings were at "19th century paintings" and "19th century European paintings" auctions.

Selected paintings

See also
 List of German painters

External links

 Biography (in German)

19th-century German painters
19th-century German male artists
German male painters
Danish painters
1812 births
1897 deaths
19th-century Danish people
German landscape painters
People from Altona, Hamburg
Louis
Georg Sibbern

Georg Christian Sibbern (29 March 1816 – 4 October 1901) was a Norwegian diplomat who served as the prime minister of Norway.

Background
He was born at Rygge in Østfold. He was the son of Valentin Sibbern (1779–1853) and Anne Cathrine de Stockfleth (1785–1865) and a brother of Alette Due and Carl Sibbern. His father was a Norwegian government minister and was a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly. He grow up at the family estate at Værne Kloster. He attended the Oslo Cathedral School. He completed his examen artium at Oslo Cathedral School in 1831, and graduated in law at the University of Christiania (now University of Oslo) in 1837.

Career
From 1838 he worked as an agent by the Norwegian Minister Department in Stockholm and from 1840 was employed in the foreign service. He worked in St. Petersburg (1842–1843), Copenhagen (1845-1847), The Hague (1847–1848), London (1848–1850) and Washington, D.C. (1850–1856). In April 1858, Sibbern was appointed Swedish-Norwegian ambassador in Constantinople. He served as Norwegian Prime Minister from 16 December 1858 – 30 November 1861 and 17 December 1861 – 1 November 1871. He later was ambassador in Paris (1878–1884).

Personal life
On 20 November 1852, he married Maria Soane. He was the brother-in-law of Frederik Due.

References

1816 births
1901 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
19th-century Norwegian politicians
University of Oslo alumni
People educated at Oslo Cathedral School
Ambassadors of Sweden to the United States
Ambassadors of Sweden to Turkey
Ambassadors of Sweden to France
People from Rygge
Puna tinamou

The puna tinamou (Tinamotis pentlandii) also known as Pentland's tinamou, is a member of the most ancient groups of bird families, the tinamous. This species is native to southern South America. The binomial name of the species commemorates the Irish natural scientist Joseph Barclay Pentland (1797–1873) by Nicholas Aylward Vigors in 1837. The IUCN list this species as Least Concern, with an occurrence range of .

Taxonomy
This is a monotypic species. All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratites. Unlike other ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.

Description
The puna tinamou is approximately  in length. Its upper parts are brown spotted with white, and its breast is blue-grey, and its belly is rufous. Its head is white with black streaks.

Distribution and habitat
The puna tinamou inhabits high-altitude grassland, and to a lesser extent, brushland at altitude  of subtropical and tropical regions. Its range is Peru, northern Bolivia, northern Chile and northwestern Argentina.

Footnotes

References

External links 
 BirdLife Species Factsheet
 Puna Tinamou videos on the Internet Bird Collection
 Stamps (for Argentina, Bolivia) with RangeMap
 Photo-High Res--(Puna Tinamou and chicks)

puna tinamou
Birds of the Puna grassland
puna tinamou
Valentin Christian Wilhelm Sibbern

Valentin Christian Wilhelm Sibbern (19 September 1779 – 1 January 1853) was a Norwegian government minister and representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly.

Biography
Valentin Christian Wilhelm Sibbern was born on the Værne Kloster  estate at Rygge in Østfold, Norway. In 1793, he became a student at the Royal Danish Military Academy  in Copenhagen. He  was promoted to First Lieutenant in 1800 and Captain of the cavalry and commander of Rakkestadske Company in 1809. He took the  legal examination in 1802. He was promoted to Major in 1812.

In 1814, he was appointed district governor of Smaalenenes amt (now Østfold). In 1823, he was also appointed district governor of Akershus.
Between 1830 and 1852, he served in different positions within the Norwegian government including Minister of Auditing, Minister of Justice, Minister of the Army and Minister of the Navy. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1814 returning in 1815–1816, 1818, 1821–1822 and 1824.

Valentin Sibbern  represented Akershusiske ridende jegerkorps, his military regiment of the Norwegian Army, in the National Assembly at Eidsvoll  where he was a member of the independence party (Selvstendighetspartiet).

Personal life
He was married twice, with Alette Margrethe Aagaard (1776–1810) and after her death with Anne Cathrine Stockfleth (1785–1865). He was the father of musician and courtier Alette Due, and Carl Sibbern and Georg Sibbern who was Norwegian Prime Minister in Stockholm. His younger brother Henrik Frederik Arild Sibbern was also a member of the Norwegian National Assembly at Eidsvold.

Honors
Order of St. Olav 
Order of the North Star 
Order of the Sword

References

Related Reading
Holme Jørn (2014) De kom fra alle kanter – Eidsvollsmennene og deres hus  (Oslo: Cappelen Damm) 

1779 births
1853 deaths
Presidents of the Storting
Recipients of the Order of the Sword
Norwegian Army personnel
Norwegian military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Government ministers of Norway
Fathers of the Constitution of Norway
Ministers of Finance of Norway
Ministers of Justice of Norway
Defence ministers of Norway
Noah Gray-Cabey

Noah Gray-Cabey (born November 16, 1995) is an American actor and pianist. He is known for his roles in the television series My Wife and Kids and Heroes. He has appeared on the television shows Ripley's Believe It or Not, 48 Hours, The Tonight Show, Good Morning America and The Oprah Winfrey Show.  Gray-Cabey also starred in the CBS medical drama Code Black as Dr. Eliot Dixon.

Career

Musician
At age four, Gray-Cabey performed in several venues throughout New England and Washington. He journeyed to Jamaica for his first tour with the New England Symphonic Ensemble. In July 2001, Gray-Cabey continued on to Australia, and at age five, became the youngest soloist ever to perform with an orchestra at the Sydney Opera House, as well as the Queensland Conservatory and the International Convention in Brisbane.

Gray-Cabey has recorded a CD together with his family. They perform pieces by J. S. Bach, Haydn and Vivaldi, among others. The CD also contains recordings of him playing when he was 4 years old.

Gray-Cabey's parents started Action in Music (A.I.M.), a project intended to help children develop their musical talents and give them opportunities to perform in other countries. The money raised from the concerts are donated to hospitals and orphanages in those countries.

Acting
Gray-Cabey made his feature film debut as Joey Dury in Lady in the Water.

His career in television began in December 2001. He appeared on My Wife & Kids playing the recurring role of Franklin Aloysius Mumford. He also acted in roles in television series including Grey's Anatomy, CSI: Miami, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and Ghost Whisperer. On the superhero television series Heroes, he performed the role Micah Sanders, a major character. Sanders is able to control machines and is the son of Niki Sanders and D.L. Hawkins.

Gray-Cabey had been rumored to be chosen to portray Cloak in the Marvel Television Universe/Marvel Cinematic Universe television adaptation of Cloak and Dagger. The role went to Aubrey Joseph.

Filmography

References

External links

 
 

1995 births
Living people
Male actors from Maine
American male child actors
American male television actors
People from Oxford County, Maine
21st-century American male actors
American male pianists
21st-century American pianists
21st-century American male musicians
Harvard University alumni
Helge Sivertsen

Helge Sivertsen (12 June 1913 – 21 December 1986) was a Norwegian school administrator and elected official. He was best known as a champion  discus thrower in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

Biography
He was born at Mandal in Vest-Agder,  Norway. He was the son of  Nils Sivertsen (1877-1955) and Martha Heddeland (1883-1962).
His father was a college teacher  and the family moved to Inderøy  in 1926.

He attended folk school (Orkdal Landslymnas) and took artium in 1933. Sivertsen was a historian by education. He  studied at the University of  Oslo and became cand.philol. in 1940 with a history major.  From 1938 to 1939, he studied  history, politics and international relations at University of Oxford under a   Norwegian Oxford Scholarship.

He represented Inderøy IL in athletics competitions. He became Norwegian champion in discus throw in 1934 and 1935. At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, he finished tenth in the discus final with a throw of 45.89 metres. His personal best throw was 47.72 metres, achieved in July 1936 at Bislett stadion in Oslo.

 

During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany (1940-1945), he was a member of Milorg. Sivertsen  led the center's information service.  After the liberation of Norway in 1945, he became secretary of the Military Investigation Commission of 1945 and wrote the history of Milorg activities during the war years.  

His party affiliation was to the Labour Party.
Sivertsen pursued a career in politics, and was secretary to the Prime Minister Einar Gerhardsen in 1947, state secretary to the Minister of Education and Church Affairs from 1947 to 1956, and Minister of Education and Church Affairs from 1960 to 1965 in the third and fourth cabinet Gerhardsen, only interrupted by the short-lived cabinet of Prime Minister John Lyng in 1963.

He was director of education in Oslo, Akershus and Østfold from 1956 to 1960, in Oslo and Akershus from 1966 to 1970 and in Oslo from 1971. 
He served as a member of the Board of the United States Educational Foundation in Norway from 1949 to 1956.
He was chairman of the Teacher Education Council 1957-1960 and of the State Scholarship Council 1955–1960. He retired in 1981.

Personal life
He was married in 1940 with Merle Five (1914–2003), daughter of Håkon Five (1880–1944) who served as a Member of Parliament from Nord-Trøndelag.

References

External links
Library of the Norwegian workers' movement 

1913 births
1986 deaths
People from Vest-Agder
University of Oslo alumni
Alumni of the University of Oxford
20th-century Norwegian historians
Norwegian sportsperson-politicians
Norwegian state secretaries
Norwegian male discus throwers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Norway
Norwegian resistance members
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Government ministers of Norway
20th-century Norwegian writers
Ministers of Education of Norway
Lochwinnoch railway station

Lochwinnoch railway station is a railway station serving the village of Lochwinnoch, Renfrewshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Ayrshire Coast Line.

History 
The station was opened on 12 August 1840 by the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway. Upon the opening of the new Lochwinnoch station on the Dalry and North Johnstone Line, the station was renamed Lochside on 1 June 1905. The station closed on 4 July 1955; however, it reopened on 27 June 1966 when the newer station closed. Lochside station was renamed back to Lochwinnoch on 13 May 1985 during the electrification of the line by British Rail.

Services
The basic off-peak weekday & Saturday service operates every 30 minutes to  and .  Additional trains to/from  and/or  call in the weekday peaks.  The evening (to Ardrossan Harbour) & Sunday (to Largs) service is hourly each way.

References

Notes

Sources

External links
Video and commentary on Lochwinnoch Railway Station

Railway stations in Renfrewshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1840
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1955
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1966
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Former Glasgow and South Western Railway stations
Gianni De Fraja

Gianni De Fraja is a professor of economics at the University of Nottingham, England and a Research Fellow (CEPR).

He was born in Bologna, where he spent the first five years of his life, before moving to Bassano del Grappa and then on to Mestre, near Venice, where  he lived until he was eighteen. He attended SSSUP college in Pisa from which he graduated in 1982. He then moved to a house near the Chianti Hills near Vagliagli where he took his doctorate at Siena with a thesis on Game Theory.

After a year in Siena he was encouraged by his teachers to go abroad and so went to England, to Linacre College, Oxford. After two years in Oxford he returned to Italy for military service in the Italian Army. After a year he returned to complete his thesis on oligopolistic competition.

Since finishing his studies in Oxford he has taken up academic positions in the universities of Leicester, Bristol and York. He has also been on academic trips to Tokyo, Bonn and Barcelona. After thirteen years in York, he is now settled in Leicester, with two daughters and a son.

Between 1999 and 2005, he was Managing Editor of the Bulletin of Economic Research. His research interests are in the areas of Public economics, Economics of education, Regulation, and Game Theory. He has published papers in, among others, Journal of Public Economics, International Economic Review, Review of Economic Studies, Economic Journal, Journal of Political Economy, and Oxford Economic Papers. As posted on his personal webpage , he considers himself a bright.

He has been elected head of the Department of Economics at the University of Leicester and will begin his mandate in September 2008. In 2011 he was replaced as head of department by Stephen Hall.

References

Academics of the University of Bristol
Academics of the University of York
Italian emigrants to the United Kingdom
University of Siena alumni
Alumni of Linacre College, Oxford
Academics of the University of Leicester
Living people
1960 births
Education economists
Iwan Tukalo

Iwan Tukalo (born 5 March 1961) is a former Scotland international rugby union player. His regular playing position was Wing.

Rugby Union career

Amateur career

The son of a Ukrainian father and Italian mother, Tukalo was educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh He went on to play for Royal HSFP.

Tukalo then moved to play for Selkirk.

Provincial career

Tukalo played for Edinburgh District in the Scottish Inter-District Championship.

On moving to Selkirk, Tukalo then played for South of Scotland.

Tukalo played for the Whites Trial side on 7 January 1984.

The following year Tukalo moved up in contention and played for the Blues Trial side in their first match against the Reds Trial side. He was selected for Blues again in 1986, the Reds winning that match. In the subsequent fixture on 3 January 1987, he was again named in the Blues side against the Reds - and scored the Blues first try.

In January 1988 Tukalo first played for the Reds Trial side.

International career

Tukalo was capped by Scotland 'B' to play against France 'B' on 7 February 1982. He secured 5 'B' caps in total.

Tukalo won his first cap against Ireland and his last against Australia. He scored a total of 15 tries during his international career.

Tukalo won 37 caps for his country between 1985 and 1992. He was part of the Grand Slam winning team in 1990.

Tukalo has a solitary Scotland 'A' cap which he obtained in the 'A' side's first match, against Spain in 1990.

Coaching career

Tukalo coached the Heriots side in the Scottish Premiership Division One and is currently not involved with rugby at senior level.

Business career

Tukalo was awarded his MBA from the University of Edinburgh Business School.

Tukalo now has a second career working for Scottish And Southern Energy as sales and development director.

References

1961 births
Living people
Scottish rugby union players
Scotland international rugby union players
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
Rugby union wings
Scottish people of Ukrainian descent
Italian Scottish rugby union players
Scotland 'B' international rugby union players
Scotland 'A' international rugby union players
Royal HSFP players
Selkirk RFC players
Edinburgh District (rugby union) players
South of Scotland District (rugby union) players
Blues Trial players
Reds Trial players
Rugby union players from Edinburgh
Whites Trial players
1987 Rugby World Cup players
1991 Rugby World Cup players
Glengarnock railway station

Glengarnock railway station is a railway station in the village of Glengarnock, North Ayrshire, Scotland, serving the towns of Beith and Kilbirnie. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Ayrshire Coast Line.

History 
The station was opened on 21 July 1840 by the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway (later part of the Glasgow and South Western Railway) and was named Glengarnock and Kilbirnie. The station is marked on an 1897 Ordnance Survey maps as Kilbirnie Station. It was renamed Glengarnock on 1 June 1905 to coincide with the opening of the dedicated Kilbirnie railway station on the Dalry and North Johnstone Line. Although this Kilbirnie station closed in 1966, the original station has continued to use only Glengarnock as its name.

Services 
There are three trains per hour between Glengarnock and Glasgow in both directions for most of the day, reduced to a half-hourly service in the evenings.  Trains from Glasgow continue to one of ,  or  There is an hourly Sunday service to Glasgow and Largs.

References

Notes

Sources

External links
Video of the station in 2015

Railway stations in North Ayrshire
Former Glasgow and South Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1840
Railway stations served by ScotRail
SPT railway stations
State of the Union (song)

"State Of The Union" is the debut single from British singer-songwriter David Ford. It had previously been featured as a demo on his official website, before appearing as a track on a CD entitled "Apology Demos EP," only on sale at live shows.

The song was released as a single in the United Kingdom on 26 September 2005 on CD/7" formats through Independiente Records and preceded his debut album I Sincerely Apologise For All The Trouble I've Caused.

The music video received numerous plaudits for its originality. It was recorded live-in-one-take, with David, using a looping machine, playing all 12 instruments used in the song.

Track listing

CD

 "State Of The Union"
 "A Short Song About Shoes"
 "A Short Song About Stars"
 "State Of The Union" (video)

7"
 "State Of The Union"
 "A Short Song About Shoes"

External links

2005 debut singles
2005 songs
Song articles with missing songwriters
Double Island Point

Double Island Point is a coastal headland in Queensland, Australia. It is the next headland north of Noosa and is within the Cooloola section of the Great Sandy National Park, at the southern end of Wide Bay. It is approximately 12 km south along the beach from the tourist township of Rainbow Beach.

History
The Kabi Kabi people have lived, hunted and fished in this area for tens of thousands of years. The site had obvious cultural significance and was used as a burial site by local indigenous people. 
The point was named by Captain Cook when he passed it on 18 May 1770, "on account of its figure" (i.e. shape). In the original of his journal he had written Fiddle Head, but crossed that out.

Geography
Despite the name, there is no (double) islands, but rather a sandspit. It is the southern point of Wide Bay. Wolf Rock is a set of four volcanic pinnacles off Double Island Point.

There is no road access to the point, but four-wheel drive vehicles can go along the beach, either from the township of Rainbow Beach in Wide Bay, or the longer way up from Noosa Heads (after taking a ferry across the Noosa River).

The northern side of the point is a surfing location.  On a good swell, a right-hander breaks over sand, and for perhaps as much as 300 metres in ideal conditions.

Record Wind Gust
On 16 December 2006, the Bureau of Meteorology-operated weather station located at the Double Island Point Lighthouse recorded a wind gust of , which accompanied a severe supercell thunderstorm. It was the highest non-tornadic wind gust ever recorded from a thunderstorm in Australia, and was equivalent to winds in a category 3 tropical cyclone.

Heritage listings
Double Island Point has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 Double Island Point: Double Island Point Light

Lighthouse

In 1884, a lighthouse was built on the point. It is a timber with metal cladding construction, like many lighthouses in Queensland, made that way because it is cheaper than masonry, but also better suited for soft-sandy soils. It was planned for only halfway up the point, but then it was realized the light wouldn't be visible to the north and so the tower was built on top of the point. The lantern was initially burning oil, then in 1923, vaporized kerosene was introduced. Later it was converted to electric power. In 1992, it was converted to solar power and demanned. The light characteristic is a single flash every 7.5 seconds, the focal plane is located 96 metres above sea level.

See also

 Wolf Rock, just off the point
 Teewah Beach, stretches south from Double Island Point
 Rainbow Beach, stretches west from Double Island Point before turning north

References

Headlands of Queensland
Surfing locations in Queensland
Cooloola, Queensland
Anders C. Sjaastad

Anders Christian Sjaastad (born 21 February 1942) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party, and a parliamentary representative for Oslo from 1993–1997. He was Minister of Defense from 1981–1986.

References

1942 births
Living people
Members of the Storting
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians
Defence ministers of Norway
Camptonotus

Camptonotus is a genus of leaf-rolling crickets in the subfamily Gryllacridinae. It includes the following species are all found in the Americas:
Camptonotus affinis Rehn, 1903
Camptonotus americanus Bruner, 1915
Camptonotus australis Rehn, 1907
Camptonotus carolinensis (Gerstaecker, 1860)
Camptonotus jamaicensis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888

References

Ensifera genera
Gryllacrididae
Taxa named by Philip Reese Uhler
Frederick Clause

Frederick Rushbrook Clause (2 December 1791 – 10 November 1852) was a naval surgeon, an early explorer in Western Australia and an artist.

Clause was born on 2 December 1791, and was appointed a surgeon with the Royal Navy on 15 September 1813. In February 1826 he joined James Stirling's ship , serving with it until August 1828. Consequently, he was on board Success in March 1827 when it arrived at the Swan River, on an exploration expedition for the purpose of assessing the area's suitability for establishing a British colony there. After exploring the coastal waters off the Swan River, Stirling selected a party of eighteen men, including Clause, to explore up the river.  About a mile north of the present-day location of The Causeway, a fresh water brook and lagoon was discovered, which Stirling named "Clause's Brook" and "Clause's Lagoon" respectively.  These are now known as Claise Brook and Claisebrook Cove. The party camped at Clause's Lagoon on their first night.

The party eventually travelled up the Swan as far as the junction with Ellen Brook. Before turning back, Stirling divided the party into three groups, sending them in different directions. Stirling and Clause explored to the west, where they found a fresh water brook, probably Bennett Brook.

At the end of the expedition, Clause wrote a letter on the healthiness of the climate, in support of Stirling's observations on the territory, and Charles Frazer's comments on the soil.

Some time later, Clause painted an oil painting of the party's camp at Clause's Brook. Believed to be based on a sketch by the expedition's artist Frederick Garling, it was etched and lithographed by the marine artist William John Huggins, and published under the name Setting Camp of the Naval Survey Expedition at Clause's Lagoon, Western Australia. As Garling's paintings were considered part of the official correspondence of the expedition, they were not published, so Clause's painting was the only painting of the Swan River area to be published before the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829.

Little is known of Clause's later life. In 1836 he married Mary Brooks at Hackney, Middlesex, England. He was still on the Navy lists as late as 1841, but was then listed as unfit for active duties. He died on 10 November 1852 at Milton-next-Gravesend, Kent at the age of 60.

References

1791 births
1852 deaths
19th-century Australian artists
British surgeons
Explorers of Western Australia
Royal Navy Medical Service officers
People from Milton, Kent
Gustav Sjaastad

Gustav Adolf Sjaastad (6 April 1902 – 7 May 1964) was a Norwegian lawyer and politician for the Labour Party. He served as Minister of Justice from 1954–1955 and Minister of Industry from 1955–1959, and also as County Governor of Nord-Trøndelag from 1959–1964.

Early life and career
He was born in Skogn as a son of farmer Olaf Herman Sjaastad (1869–1944) and Marta Fostad (1870–1933). He enrolled as a student in 1922, and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1926. He opened an attorney's office in Namsos in 1927. From 1933 he was a barrister, with access to work with Supreme Court cases. He was a member of the executive committee of Namsos municipal council from 1927 to 1934, representing the Liberal Party, whose local party chapter he chaired from 1927 to 1931.

In 1935 he opened a lawyer's office in Oslo. During World War II he was a member of the Norwegian resistance movement. He was arrested in December 1940 for "spying", and was imprisoned until May 1941 at Møllergata 19. In February 1944 he was arrested for the second time, this time for being involved in an illegal newspaper. He was imprisoned at Møllergata 19 again, before being transferred to Grini concentration camp, where he sat from May 1944 to the war's end on 8 May 1945.

Political career
From 1945 to 1954 he was a legal consultant for the Workers' National Trade Union (named Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1957). He also became a member of several public committees in 1946 and 1947, including Arbeidstvistkomiteen av 1946, Ferielovkomiteen and Pris- og rasjonaliseringskomiteen. From 1954 to 1955, during Torp's Cabinet, Sjaastad was the Minister of Justice. Upon the cabinet change to Gerhardsen's Third Cabinet in 1955, he became Minister of Industry and held that post until 1959. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Nord-Trøndelag in 1958, and until 1959 his seat in parliament was taken by Hans Mikal Solsem. Sjaastad was not re-elected in 1961. His career ended with the post of County Governor of Nord-Trøndelag, which he held from 1959 to 1964. He died in May 1964.

Sjaastad was a member of the board of Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk from 1959 to 1964, Norsk Hydro from 1946 to 1955, Folla from 1959 to 1964, Mosjøen Veveri from 1960 to 1964 and Det Norske Teatret. He was chairman of the board of Fylkesbilene from 1959 to 1964 and Tiden Norsk Forlag from 1947 to 1954. He was decorated as a Commander of the Order of the Polar Star in 1960.

References

1902 births
1964 deaths
People from Namsos
People from Levanger
20th-century Norwegian lawyers
Norwegian resistance members
Grini concentration camp survivors
Liberal Party (Norway) politicians
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Politicians from Nord-Trøndelag
Government ministers of Norway
Members of the Storting
County governors of Norway
Norwegian trade unionists
Order of the Polar Star
20th-century Norwegian politicians
Ministers of Justice of Norway
Ministers of Trade and Shipping of Norway
Clause (disambiguation)

A clause is a type of construct in grammar.

Clause may also refer to:
 Clause (logic), a disjunction of literals in logic
 Clause, a constituent component of statements and queries in SQL
 Legal clause, an individually designated provision in a contract, regulation or statute

People
 Frederick Clause (1791–1852), surgeon, painter and early explorer of Western Australia
 Marcel Clause (1927–2004), Belgian judo educator, referee, former athlete, former coach
 William Lionel Clause (1887–1946), English artist

See also
 
 
 Santa Claus (disambiguation)