alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
WordPress

WordPress is a piece of software which has become the most widely used content management system and is used for setting up blogs. It is open source, licensed under the GPL, and written in PHP.

Features
WordPress allows users to create and edit websites through a central administrative dashboard, which includes a text editor for modifying content, menus and various design elements.

WordPress provides plugins which provide additional functionality through WordPress Plugin Directory. There are over 54,000+ Plugins available in WordPress repository, and they can be installed through either upload or by one-click installation through the WordPress Plugin Library.

Posts
Users can write posts into the software and other people reading the post can write comments about it.

Users
Since the release of WordPress version 4.7 the software had been downloaded more than 36+ million times.

History
Version 5.8.1 is the latest WordPress release. It was released in September 2021

On May 27, 2003, Matt announced the availability of the first version of WordPress. It was well received by the community. It was based on b2 Cafelog with significant improvements. The first version of WordPress included a new admin interface, new templates, and generated XHTML 1.1 compliant templates.

In June 2010, Automattic, the company founded by WordPress co-founder Matt Mullenweg, transferred the ownership of WordPress trademark and logo to the WordPress Foundation.

Free hosting 
WordPress can be downloaded and installed on any server with PHP installed. However, WordPress has a service for users to host blogs, called wordpress.com. It has a limit of 3 GB of free space, with an option to upgrade for more. Users  cannot  add their own domain to the blog when using free option. But when user will buy one of the packages of WordPress.com, then user can use custom domain name.

References

Other websites 
 Wordpress.com - A website that you can create a blog in using WordPress for free
 Wordpress.org - The website to get WordPress that you can install yourself
Outback

The outback is the remote areas of Australia. The outback is not a defined area, it is only a term used to refer to locations that are far away from big cities. 
The fertile parts are known as Rangelands and have been traditionally used for sheep or cattle farming.
Agriculture, tourism and mining are the main economic activities in this vast and sparsely settled area.

Medicine in the outback
Because of the expanses and remoteness in the outback a unique service, The Flying Doctor, was created in 1928. The aim of the service is to provide medical care to people who cannot reach hospitals or other doctors. Consultations are carried out via radio or telephone and for serious situations, doctors are flown out to the patients.

Tourism
Organised travels with a guide to the outback is popular, although some Australian and international tourists travel in their own cars. Such a trip, especially off the few big roads in the outback, requires very good planning and a suitable vehicle (usually four wheel drive). On remote routes considerable supplies and equipment are required. Some big trips cannot be undertaken safely without a convoy of  several vehicles. Deaths of tourists are a regular occurrences because many people are not well-prepared for their outback trip.

Geography of Australia
Marske-by-the-Sea

Marske by the Sea is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland in England. It has three primary schools and one secondary school (Bydales School), a museum, and two train stations.

The village has a Methodist, Roman Catholic (St Bede's) and Church of England (St Mark's) church.

Economy 
Most of the people who live in Marske do not work in the village, but work in the nearby factory or in Middlesbrough or Redcar. Marske has a decent range of local shops. The Longbeck railway station and Marske railway station, which connect to Darlington mainline station, are the only means of transport there.

Other websites 
 Local history 

Villages in North Yorkshire
PayPal

PayPal is a website that allows transfer of money among people via web services and email. The money can be deposited into a bank account. PayPal was owned by eBay, from 2002 to 2015. It can be used in more than 200 countries.

PayPal allows customers to send, receive, and hold funds in 25 currencies worldwide. However, PayPal is not a bank. Funds that are not used are converted into PayPal's profit.

References

Other websites 

Websites
Finance
Elon Musk
Orson Welles

George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer who is remembered for his innovative work in film, radio, and theatre. He is considered to be among the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time. Welles was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin.

In 1938 Welles directed a weekly radio show, The Mercury Theater of the Air. His October 30 broadcast of The War of the Worlds (radio drama) created much excitement.

Welles also made the movie Citizen Kane in 1941. Many movie critics think that this movie is the best movie ever made. His later movies are less liked.

Welles died of a heart attack in Los Angeles, California, aged 70.

Other websites 

 
 
 Orson Welles  The Orson Welles OTR Archives
 War Of The Worlds  history of the War Of The Worlds radio broadcast and additional historical material on War Of The Worlds
 Mercury Theatre on the Air website provides MP3 and Real Audio files of Welles' radio dramas
 Nazi Eyes On Canada, starring Orson Welles , 1942 CBC war loan series
 Wellesnet The Orson Welles Web Resource
 The Magnificent Ambersons a site that details the strange saga of Welles' second film
 The Unseen Welles  a guide to Welles' unfinished and unreleased projects
 The Orson Welles collection at the Lilly Library, Indiana University
 Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database
 UBU Web's 365 Days Project  Outtake from Welles' Frozen Peas commercial.
 MovieMaker Magazine  Article on hoped for eventual release of final Welles movie The Other Side Of The Wind.
  Orson Welles biography
 Orson Welles' Photo & Gravesite
 Orson Welles and the Bat-Man 
 New York Times Obituary
 Biographical resources dedicated to Orson Welles 
 Orson Welles: The Man Who Was Magic
 Orson Welles - The One Man Band (German documentary, 1995)

Academy Award Honorary Award winners
American movie actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American screenwriters
American stage actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
American television writers
American theatre directors
American voice actors
Theatre producers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Writers from Wisconsin
Actors from Kenosha, Wisconsin
1915 births
1985 deaths
Slobodan Milošević

Slobodan Milošević  (Serbian: Слободан Милошевић, pronounced []; August 20, 1941 – March 11, 2006) was a Serbian, Yugoslav leader. He was President of Serbia from 1989 to 1996 and then President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1996 to 2000.

Power
He was the leader of Serbia's ruling Socialist Party. He was a leader in the Yugoslav Wars. He also led his nation to defend itself against NATO aggression that took Kosovo from Serbia. NATO leaders charged him for war crimes and crimes against humanity during the bombing of Yugoslavia. He lost re-election in 2000.

Milosevic did not retreat his army because of NATO's 77 days of bombing. His goal was to keep Kosovo within Serbian parallel structures. Once resolution was passed, he retreated but also managed (with other politicians) to hold on to North Kosovo whose area is 1200KM2 or 11%, where 96% of its population is Serbian whose religion is Christian.

Imprisonment and death
After his fall from power in 2001, he was taken to The Netherlands to stand trial at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, but died after five years in prison before the case could reach a conclusion. He did not recognize the tribunal calling it an American/UN puppet court and said he was being tried for standing up to NATO expansion. Many accusations against him regarding Kosovo proved to be false. It was said by the UN tribunal that Milosevic, who had chronic heart problems and a high blood pressure, died of a heart attack.

References

Other websites

Slobodan Milošević, Indictment and Transcripts (ICTY)

1941 births
2006 deaths
People who died in prison custody
Presidents of Serbia
Presidents of Yugoslavia
Presidents of Serbia and Montenegro
Former dictators
War criminals
Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List
Gymnosperm

The gymnosperms are a group of seed plants which includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo and Gnetales.

They have naked seeds, in contrast to the seeds or ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms) which are enclosed during pollination. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scale- or leaf-like appendages of cones, or at the end of short stalks (Ginkgo).

The gymnosperms and angiosperms together make up the spermatophytes or seed plants. By far the largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses, and relatives), followed by cycads, Gnetales (Gnetum, Ephedra and Welwitschia), and Ginkgo (a single living species).

Fossil gymnosperms include many that do not belong to the four modern groups, including the so-called "seed ferns" (Pteridosperms) and the "cycadeoids" (Bennettitales). Most of the Gymnosperms became extinct in the Cenozoic era (from 65 million years ago to present day).

Some genera have mycorrhiza, fungal associations with roots (Pinus). In some others (Cycas) small specialised roots have  nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.

Phylogenetics

Related pages
Seed

References

Other websites 
Gymnosperm Database
Influenza pandemic of 1918

The Influenza pandemic of 1918 (commonly known as the Spanish flu)  lasted for nearly three years, from March 1918 to December 1920. About 500 million people were infected across the world, which had at the time a population of 1.80 billion people. The pandemic spread to remote Pacific Islands and the Arctic. It killed 50 million to 100 million people. This was three to five percent of the world's population at the time. It was one of the greatest natural disasters in human history.

To keep up morale, wartime censors reduced reports of illness and mortality in Germany, Britain (United Kingdom), France, and the United States. Papers could report the epidemic's effects in neutral Spain (such as the grave illness of King Alfonso XIII). This situation created the false impression of Spain being especially hard-hit. It also resulted in the nickname Spanish flu.

Often, influenza outbreaks kill young people, or the elderly, or those patients that are already weakened. This was not the case for the 1918 pandemic, which killed mainly healthy young adults. Modern research, using virus taken from the bodies of frozen victims, has concluded that the virus kills through a cytokine storm (overreaction of the body's immune system). The strong immune reactions of young adults ravaged the body. But, the weaker immune systems of children and middle-aged adults caused fewer deaths among those groups.

There is not enough historical and epidemiological data to show where the pandemic started. The pandemic may be a cause of the outbreak of encephalitis lethargica in the 1920s. 

Another swine flu pandemic had happened in the 21st century that turned out to be new strain of H1N1. The outbreak began in Mexico and then the United States and to the world.

Gallery

References

Diseases caused by viruses
1918
1919
1920
Disasters in the 1910s‎
Brock (Pokémon)

known by name as Takeshi in Japan, is a fictional character in the Pokémon series of video games, Manga, and television series. He is often seen traveling along with Ash Ketchum and Misty on their journeys. One of his gags is that he falls in love with every girl he sees (except for Jessie of Team Rocket). His nickname is "The Rock-Solid Pokémon Trainer" because he uses rock-type Pokémon.

Anime
Brock appears in the first series of the anime. In his first appearance, he has many siblings and is in charge of them and cares for them since his mother Lola is away chasing dreams and his father Flint ran away from the family. After Flint comes back, Brock then picks up and his bags and travels with Ash and Misty throughout the Kanto series. He ends up leaving the group when they get to the Orange Islands to work with Professor Ivy. He later returns and travels with Ash throughout Johto, Hoenn, and Sinnoh. He uses rock-types Geodude and Onix, as well as others like Zubat.

Video games
Brock appears in the games Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow, and the Red and Blue remakes FireRed and LeafGreen as the gym leader of Pewter City. He gives out the Boulder Badge and uses Rock-type Pokémon. He also appears in Gold, Silver, and Crystal and the Gold and Silver remakes HeartGold and SoulSilver as a gym leader the player can face when they get to the Kanto region.

References

Pokémon characters
Anime characters
Zetland (lifeboat)

The Zetland was a lifeboat in Redcar, England, and is the oldest lifeboat in the world which still exists. It was put in Redcar in 1802. In 1858, the lifeboat was given to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI). The boat was damaged in 1864, and was to be destroyed - however, following protest it was given to the town's people. Today, it is in its own museum.

Boats
Silba

Silba is an island in Croatia. It is found between the islands of Premuda and Olib. It has an area of 15 km² and its population (as of 2001) was 265; with the village of Silba located at the narrowest point in the middle. The main administrative centre is Zadar, found on the mainland.

Mediterranean Islands
Islands of Europe
Geography of Croatia
Ian Fleming

Ian Lancaster Fleming (28 May 1908 – 12 August 1964) was a British author and journalist. He was best known for writing the James Bond spy novels. He also wrote the children's book Chitty Chitty Bang Bang in 1964.

Fleming was born in London to a wealthy family. He was educated at Eton College. He spent many years working in Britain's Naval Intelligence Division during the Second World War. During this time, Fleming helped with the planning and management of two British intelligence units. This experience along with his work in journalism provided much of the background to the stories in his James Bond novels.

Fleming wrote his first James Bond novel, Casino Royale, in 1952. Because of the book's success, Fleming wrote eleven more novels and two collections of short-stories about the British secret agent. 

In total, there have been twenty-six films based on Fleming's famous character. The twenty-sixth, Spectre, was released in October 2015.

Fleming died on 12 August 1964 of a heart attack in Canterbury, Kent, aged 56.

References

1908 births
1964 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Kent
English novelists
James Bond writers
People educated at Eton College
Writers from London
1602

1602 was a common year.

Events 
 3 January – Battle of Kinsale  – the battle happened on 3 January 1602 according to the Gregorian Calendar used by the Irish and Spanish forces in the battle, although, for the English who were still using the old Julian Calendar, the date of the battle was 24 December 1601
 February 14 – William Shakespeare First performance of Twelfth Night  on Candlemas
 March 20 – The Dutch East India Company is established as The United East India Company by the Dutch States-General
 May 15 – Bartolomew Gosnold becomes the first European to discover Cape Cod.
 June – James Lancaster's East India Company fleet arrives at Achin (now Aceh), Sumatra to deal with the local ruler. Having defeated Portugal's ally, the ruler is happy to do business, and Lancaster seizes a large Portuguese Galleon and loots it.
 November 8 – The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford is opened to the public.
 December 11 – A surprise attack by forces under the command of the Duke of Savoy and his brother-in-law, Philip III of Spain, is repelled by the citizens of Geneva. (This actually took place after midnight, in the early morning of December 12, but commemorations/celebrations on Fête de l'Escalade are usually held on December 11 or the closest weekend.)
Ben Jonson writes Poetaster
William Shakespeare writes The Merry Wives of Windsor
 Persia and Spain conclude a defensive alliance and declare war on the Ottoman Empire
 In Praque, Florian Mathias performs the first successful bowel surgery – removes a dagger from stomach
 Jesuit missionary Jeronimo de Angeluin arrives in Japan
 A private trading company is established in Copenhagen, with the monopoly on the trade with Iceland.
1676

1676 was a leap year.

Events 
 January 19 - Feodor III become Tsar of Russia.
 The Polish-Turkish War (1671 - 1676) ended
 King Philip's War (1675 - 1676) ended
 Port-de-Paix, Haiti has its first slave revolt

Births
 August 26 - Robert Walpole, first Prime Minister of Great Britain
 September 16 - Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, mother of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, grandmother of Marie Antoinette
 October 8 - Benito Jeronimo Feijoo, Galician scholar
 December 19 - Louis-Nicolas Clérambault, French composer
 Alexander Selkirk, Scottish sailor

Deaths 
January 14 – Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (b. 1602)
January 29 – Tsar Alexis I of Russia (b. 1629)
February 14 – Abraham Bosse, French engraver and artist
March 21 – Henri Sauval, French historian (b. 1623)
April 5 – John Winthrop, the Younger, Governor of Connecticut (b. 1606)
April 29 – Michiel Adriaanszoon de Ruijter, Dutch admiral (b. 1607)
June 7 – Paul Gerhardt, German writer of church hymns
July 5 – Carl Gustaf Wrangel, Swedish soldier (b. 1613)
July 22 – Pope Clement X (b. 1590)
July 25 – François Hédelin, abbé d'Aubignac, French writer (b. 1604)
August 11 – Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, German writer
September 10 – Gerrard Winstanley, English religious reformer (b. 1609)
October 28 – Jean Desmarets, French writer (b. 1595)
November 1 – Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch theologian (b. 1589)
December 25 – Matthew Hale, Lord Chief Justice of England (b. 1609)
December 25 – William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle, English soldier, politician, and writer (b. 1592)
301



Events 
San Marino founded (traditional date)
Armenia uses Christianity as a state religion - the first country to do so.

Deaths 
June 5
Sima Lin Emperor of China, Western Jin
1611



Events 
 June 23 – Henry Hudson's crew maroons him, his son and 7 others in a boat
 November 1 – At Whitehall Palace in London, William Shakespeare's romantic comedy The Tempest is presented for the first time.
 Gustavus Adolphus becomes king of Sweden
 Denmark attacks Sweden
 King James Version of the Bible first published in England
 George Abbot becomes archbishop of Canterbury
 Johannes and David Fabricius discover sunspots
 End of the reign of Emperor Go-Yozei of Japan
 Emperor Go-Mizunoo ascends to the throne of Japan
Gov. Sir Thomas Dale arrives at Jamestown from England announcing new rules called "Laws Divine, Morall and Martial."
 Thomas Dale founds the city of Henricus on the James River a few miles south of present-day Richmond, Virginia
World's Fair

A world's fair is a large exhibition of industry and culture. They are also called expositions or expos. This type of exhibition occurs since the middle of the 19th century. The Bureau of International Expositions officially takes care of them. The "Bureau of International Expositions" is usually abbreviated BIE, from the organization's name in French: Bureau International des Expositions.

List of official world expositions (BIE): 

Exhibitions
Sangha

In Buddhism, the word sangha means "assembly" or "community."  For Buddhists, there are two sanghas that are very important:
 the community of Buddhist monks and nuns
 the community of noble disciples

In Buddhism, there are three things that a Buddhist shows the greatest respect: the Buddha, the Dharma (the Buddha's teaching), and the Sangha (the Buddha's community).  So, for example, when the sangha is talked about in very old Buddhist books, the following words are often used:
"The Sangha of the [Buddha]'s disciples who have practiced well... who have practiced straightforwardly... who have practiced methodically... who have practiced masterfully ... they are the Sangha of the [Buddha]'s disciples: worthy of gifts, worthy of hospitality, worthy of offerings, worthy of respect, the incomparable field of merit for the world."

Notes

References
 Bullitt, John T. (2005). Sangha. Retrieved 2007-11-11 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/sangha.html.
 Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-25). The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary. Chipstead: Pali Text Society. A general on-line search engine for the PED is available at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/. 
 Thanissaro, Bhikkhu (1997). Mahanama Sutta: To Mahanama (1) (AN 11.12). Retrieved 2007-11-11 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an11/an11.012.than.html.
 American Buddhist Sangha

Buddhist terminology
Courteney Cox

Courteney Bass Cox (born June 15, 1964) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Monica on the television series Friends and for her role in the movie Scream and its sequels. Cox married David Arquette between seasons 5 and 6 of Friends, and changed her name to Courteney Cox Arquette. She later changed it back in honor of her parents.

Early life
Courteney Cox was raised in Mountain Brook, Alabama, a suburb of Birmingham. She is the daughter of businessman Richard Lewis Cox (January 28, 1931 – September 3, 2001) and his wife Courteney (née Bass, later Copeland). She has two older sisters, Virginia and Dottie, and an older brother, Richard, Jr. Her parents divorced in 1974 and her mother then married businessman Hunter Copeland (uncle to music promoter and business manager Ian Copeland). After graduating from Mountain Brook High School, Cox left for Mount Vernon College in Washington, D.C., but did not complete her architecture course. She instead pursued a career in modeling and acting.

Cox is of English, French, Welsh, Irish and German ancestry.

Marriage and family
In 1996, Cox began dating actor David Arquette. The couple married on June 12, 1999. They have one child together, a daughter named Coco Riley Arquette (born June 13, 2004). Coco's godmother is family friend Jennifer Aniston. Cox had seven miscarriages between 2001 and November 2010. She and her husband separated on December 31, 2011. Arquette filed for divorce on June 8, 2012.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Courteney Cox at Tv.com

1964 births
Living people
Actors from Birmingham, Alabama
American movie actors
American television actors
Arquette family
UEFA Champions League

The UEFA Champions League, or simply known as the UCL is a football competition organized by UEFA, between some of the top club teams in Europe. The top team in the league comes out UEFA champions league every year. 32 teams will play the game and determines the best football club. At first, it was started by France, not the European Football Federation. It was played only as a home and away tournament, but a group stage was added from the 1991-92 season. The teams are selected because of good performances in their respective domestic leagues. The teams used to have to win their countries' league, but more than one team can play in the competition depending on how good their league is. For example: the Spanish League can get 4 Spanish clubs in the competition compared to the Kazakhstan League which can only get one team in the competition.

Real Madrid won the Champions League the first five times it was held, still a record. They have also won the Champions League/European Cup 14 times, which is also a record.

A total of 23 clubs from 10 European countries won the Champions League. 12 clubs won it more than once: Real Madrid, Milan, Bayern, Liverpool, Barcelona, Ajax, Manchester United, Inter Milan, Juventus, Benfica, Porto, Chelsea and Nottingham Forest.

Records and statistics

Winners and runners-up

By nation

Final venues

All-time top goalscorers

Other websites 

Official website

 
1955 establishments in Europe
FA Cup

The FA Cup (known as The Emirates FA Cup for sponsorship reasons) is a national football competition. It is played between teams in the English league system. It is organized by the Football Association. The winner of the FA Cup qualifies for the next season's UEFA Europa League. If the winner of the FA Cup has already qualified for a European competition, then the Europa League place goes to the runner-up. If the runner-up has also qualified for a European competition, then the Europa League place goes to 6th or 7th place, depending on who won the Football League Cup. The FA Cup semi-finals and final is held at Wembley Stadium. The FA Cup is the oldest football competition in the world and first took place in 1871.

The current holders are Leicester, who have won the FA Cup once.

Winners and finalists

Results by team
Since its establishment, the FA Cup has been won by 43 different teams. Teams shown in italics are no longer in existence. Additionally, Queen's Park ceased to be eligible to enter the FA Cup after a Scottish Football Association ruling in 1887.

References

Other Websites

 The FA Cup Archive – England's official Football Association site, all results with dates, including all qualifying rounds
 The official FA Cup website
 Thomas Fattorini Ltd. makers of the 1911 FA Cup – manufacturers of the 1911 FA Cup and other sporting trophies
 FA Cup going under the hammer – BBC News story on the sale of the second trophy
 FA Supporters – Independent FA Cup Supporters Club

The Football Association
Football competitions in the United Kingdom
1871 establishments in the United Kingdom
Old Trafford

Old Trafford is a football stadium in Trafford. Its nickname is "The Theatre of Dreams". It is home to the club Manchester United F.C.. It is the biggest club stadium in Great Britain and second biggest stadium in Great Britain, with Wembley Stadium being the biggest. Old Trafford hosted most of England's home matches while Wembley was being built. It was built in 1910. It cost about £60,000,000 to build.

1910 establishments in the United Kingdom
1910s establishments in England
Football stadiums in England
Sport in Greater Manchester
Buildings and structures in Greater Manchester
Manchester United F.C.
Stadium

A stadium is a building in which lots of people may watch an event. They are often used for football and athletics. Some stadiums are paid to add a company name to the name of their stadium. For example, Comerica Park in Detroit, Michigan, or the ALLTEL Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. When people do this the company has the naming rights to the stadium. The given name of a stadium can change when another company buys the naming rights to that stadium. 

An arena is a small indoor stadium. Arenas are often used for many different types of events. These include sports and music.

Other websites 
 worldstadia.com
Disaster

A disaster is something bad that happens.  Disasters can destroy homes and many kinds of work.  Disasters can be of different kinds, but most are caused by forces of nature.

Natural disasters

These may include avalanches (where snow comes down a mountain), cold (where animals and people freeze), diseases (sicknesses), droughts (when there is no water), earthquakes (where the ground moves), famine (where there is not enough food), fire (that burns things and people), flood (where rivers grow too big and invade land), hail (hard ice falls like rain), heat that lowers the water supply, hurricanes that break everything, the hyper nova of a star that kills life, an impact event where meteors hit the earth, a limnic eruption (where bad chemicals come from lakes and can kill people), landslides and mudslides (where the top of the ground moves because of extra water), sink holes (where a cave falls in), solar flares (where the sun reaches out at the earth and burns it), storm surge (where water piles up and then suddenly comes on land), thunderstorms (rain with lightning and thunder), tornadoes (currents of wind that break things), tsunami (where a wall of water comes on land), volcanoes (where lava from inside the earth comes out slowly or shoots into the air), a waterspout (like a tornado on water), or winter storms (where snow falls thick and you cannot see).

Human-caused disasters
Disasters caused by humans include aviation (flying) accidents, arson, CBRNs (where a country has a powerful weapon), civil disorder (where people riot or do crimes), power outages (where electricity is interrupted), public relations crises where a company must tell bad news, radiation accidents, disasters in space, a telecommunications outage (not being able to communicate), terrorism (where a group attacks civilians or says they will attack to gain something), and war (fighting with weapons between large groups).

Living through a disaster
To live through a disaster, it is important that your family and your city prepare in advance.  This may be making a pack of things you need in an emergency, it may be a government sending soldiers to help, or it may be something in between. It is recommended to keep a disaster survival kit with canned goods, in the advent of such a disaster.

Related pages
Car accident
Civil defence
Disaster recovery

Other websites 

 Department of Homeland Security 
 London Prepared 
 Disaster Psychiatry Outreach
 Preparing an emergency survival kit
 EM-DAT: The International Disasters Database includes information on man-made and natural disasters, basic definitions and a database of disasters occurrence and impact from 1900 to today
 Disasters factsheet
 Assisting Children and Adolescents in Coping with Disasters
Bobby Orr

Robert Gordon "Bobby" Orr (born March 20, 1948 in Parry Sound, Ontario) is a retired Canadian ice hockey defenceman.

Bobby Orr's ice hockey skills were evident at a very early age. He was signed by the Boston Bruins at twelve. As a 14-year-old, he played junior hockey against eighteen, nineteen and twenty-year-olds. He signed his first pro contract with the Boston Bruins in 1966.

In his first professional season, he won the Calder Memorial Trophy as top rookie in the league. Orr only played 46 games in the 1967-68 NHL season because he was injured, but won the Norris Trophy. In the 1969-70 season, he scored 120 points and became the only defenseman in history to win the Art Ross Trophy, for leading the league in scoring. He also won the Hart Memorial Trophy and the Conn Smythe Trophy. In 1976, Bobby Orr was named the most valuable player in the inaugural Canada Cup Tournament. Orr was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks in 1976. He would only play 26 games over the next three seasons because of problems with his knees. 

Orr was inducted in the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1979.

Other websites
 
 Order of Canada Citation
 Bobby Orr Hall of Fame website
 

1948 births
Art Ross Trophy winners
Boston Bruins players
Calder Trophy winners
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
James Norris Memorial Trophy winners
Living people
Ontario Hockey League players
Sportspeople from Ontario
Stanley Cup champions
The Muppet Show

The Muppet Show is a variety television series. It aired from 1976 until 1981. The series starred Jim Henson's Muppet characters. Each episode featured a famous guest star. A revival of the show, Muppets Tonight, aired from 1996 to 1998.

The main characters on the series are Kermit the Frog, Miss Piggy, Fozzie Bear and Gonzo the Great.

Performers
 Jim Henson - Kermit the Frog, Rowlf the Dog, Waldorf, Swedish Chef, Dr. Teeth, Additional Muppets
 Frank Oz - Fozzie Bear, Sam the Eagle, Animal, Additional Muppets
 Richard Hunt - Scooter, Statler, Additional Muppets
 Dave Goelz - Gonzo the Great, Zoot, Dr. Bunsen Honeydew, Beauregard, Additional Muppets
 Steve Whitmire - Rizzo the Rat, Lips, Additional Muppets
 Jerry Nelson - Camilla the Chicken, Floyd Pepper, Additional Muppets
 Paul Winchell - Additional Muppets

Other websites 

1970s American comedy television series
1976 television series debuts
Muppets
First run syndicated television programs
1981 American television series endings
English-language television programs
1250



Events

Europe 

 December 13 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, dies
 King Afonso III of Portugal captures the Algarve from the Moors.
 Valdemar, becomes King of Sweden.
 University of Valladolid is founded in Spain.
 The Rialto Bridge in Venice, Italy is changes from a pontoon bridge to a permanent, raised wooden bridge.
 Vincent of Beauvais completes his encyclopedic work, The Greater Mirror.
 The Parlement law courts of ancien régime France are created.
 A sickness breaks out in the city Naples (In what is now Italy), called the Naple's Plague

Africa 
 July 3 – Louis IX of France is captured by Baibars' Mamluk army at the Battle of Fariskur while he is in Egypt at the Seventh Crusade.
 The Bahri dynasty of Mamluks seize power in Egypt.
 The Walayta state is founded in present-day Ethiopia (see Rulers of Walayta)

Births 
 Pietro d'Abano, Italian physician, philosopher and astrologer (died 1316)
 Guido Cavalcanti, Italian poet (died 1300)
 Dmitry of Pereslavl, Grand-duke of Vladimir-Suzdal (d. 1294)
 Pierre Dubois, French publicist (approximate date; died c. 1312)
 Moses de Leon, compiler of the Zohar (approximate date; died 1305)
 Giovanni Pisano, Italian sculptor (approximate date; died 1314)

Deaths 
 February 2 – King Eric XI of Sweden
 February 8 – Robert I of Artois, French crusader (killed in battle) (born 1216)
 February 8 – William II Longespee, English crusader
 June 18 – Teresa of Portugal
 August 9 – King Eric IV of Denmark (born 1216)
 October 4 – Herman VI, Margrave of Baden
 December 13 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1194)
 Leonardo of Pisa, Italian mathematician
 Matej Ninoslav, Croatian ban

Eras and population estimates 
The population of the world in 1250 was around 400 to 416 million people.
Valencian Community

The Valencian Community (Valencian: Comunitat Valenciana), also unofficially called the Valencian Country (País Valencià), is an autonomous community in the eastern Spain with a population of around 5,000,000. Its capital and biggest city is Valencia, with a population of nearly 800,000 people.

Demographics 
The second-largest city of the Valencian Community is Alicante, with a population of 332,000. The city of Elche, located in the Alicante province, is an important industrial centre, with a population of 230,000. Castellón de la Plana, the capital of the Castellón province, have a population of around 170,000.

References
Elx

Elx (in Catalan) or Elche (in Spanish) is the third biggest city in Valencia, and the second in the Alicante province, in eastern Spain. The city has 215,000 inhabitants and is famous for its palm trees and the Mystery of Elx, a theatrical piece.

Cities in the Valencian Community
Municipalities in the Valencian Community
Province of Alicante
Eon

An eon (or aeon) is a term in Earth science for the longest periods of time. It describes a part of the Earth's existence lasting hundreds of millions to billions of years.

A geologic eon is part of Earth's existence, made up of a number of eras of different lengths. A geologic era is made up of two or more shorter times called geologic periods. A geologic period is, in turn made up of yet shorter times called epochs. 

Geologists have given names to all of the eons, eras, periods and epochs that they have found by looking at rocks. The names given to each eon describe something about that time, or the rocks that were made at that time.

For example, we are now in the Phanerozoic eon, which comes from the Greek words for life that we can see, that is, there were animals and plants big enough to see without a lens. This era started about 545 million years ago.

The four eons

References 

Geology
Units of time
Bhagavad Gita

The Bhagavad Gita is one of the holiest books of Hinduism. The Bhagavad Gita (romanized: bhagavad-gītā, lit. 'The Song by God'), often referred to as the Gita (IAST: gītā), is part of the ancient Hindu epic Mahabharata. It is considered to be written in the first millennium BCE. It has teachings said to be given by Sri Krishna, who is considered a Supreme divine being. In the book (Bhagvat Gita), Krishna answers questions from Arjuna, a Pandava prince, about a human's moral duties (called dharma) regarding a broad range of philosophical and metaphysical matters. 

The Bhagavad Gita is set in a narrative framework of a dialogue between the Pandava prince Arjuna and his charioteer guide , Krishna. At the start of the Kurukshetra War between the Pandavas and their cousins, Kauravas, Prince Arjuna is in doubt, thinking about the violence the war will cause. Wondering if he should renounce the war, Arjuna seeks the counsel of Krishna, whose answers and their discourse constitute the Bhagavad Gita. Krishna counsels Arjuna to "fulfill his warrior duty" for the upholding of dharma. The Krishna–Arjuna dialogue covers a broad range of spiritual topics, touching upon moral and ethical dilemmas, and philosophical issues that go far beyond the war that Arjuna faces. 

The Gita posits the existence of an individual self (Atman or Soul) and the supreme self (Brahman or Supreme Soul) within each being. The dialogue between the prince and his charioteer has been interpreted as a metaphor for an immortal dialogue between the human self and God. The text covers the philosophy of Yoga in terms of Gyan (Knowledge) yoga, Bhakti (devotion) yoga, Karma (action) yoga, and Rāja (governance) yoga,.

A key chapter is Sankhya Yoga, The Book of Doctrines, Self-Realization, or The Yoga of Knowledge (and Philosophy). Filled with questions about the meaning and purpose of life, Prince Arjuna asks Krishna about the nature of life, Self, death, afterlife, and whether there is a deeper meaning and reality. The chapter summarizes the ideas eternal Self in each person (Soul), and the Universal-Self present in everyone (Supreme Soul), along with concept of re-birth This chapter is an overview of the remaining sixteen chapters of the Bhagavad Gita.

References

Other websites 
 Bhagvat Geeta – Dialogues of Kreeshna and Arjoon by Charles Wilkins
 Bhagavad Gita

Hindu texts
2nd-century BC books
Upanishad

The Upanishads are some of the sacred books of the Hindu people. The Upanishads are part of a large collection of sacred books of Hindu people, called the Vedas. They are placed at the end of the Vedas and they primarily deal with knowledge or wisdom. Because they deal with knowledge portion of the Vedas, they are called Jnana-Kanda (Jnana means knowledge). Also because they come at the end portion of the Vedas they are often called texts of Vedanta (veda: of vedas, anta: at the end). Upanishads form the foundation of the philosophy of Hindu religion. 
Many scholars believe that originally Upanishads are rebellion against Vedas and it has added to Vedas by its unique spiritual quest.
Upanishad means "sit down with" master to learn about the Atman(soul).
The Upanishads do not belong to a specific period of Sanskrit literature. The oldest, such as the Brhadaranyaka Upanishad and Chandogya Upanishad, may be as old as 8th century BC, while the youngest, depending on the specific Upanishad, may date to the medieval or early modern period. More than 300 text about Upanishad have been found but we have  108 Upanishad in written.
Geeta which is the most religious book of Hindu's is also a Greatest Upanishad.

Other websites 
 Philosophia Ultima:Osho commentary on Mandukyopanishad 

Hindu texts
Bailiwick of Guernsey

The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a territory belonging to the British Crown in the Channel Islands. The bailiwick includes the islands of Guernsey, Alderney and Burhou, Herm and Jethou as well as Sark, Little Sark and Brecqhou. 

A bailiwick is a territory governed by a bailiff. The Bailiff of Guernsey is the head of the parliament, the States of Guernsey, which makes the laws for the Bailiwick. Sark and Alderney also have their own parliaments and pass some of their own laws.

Other rocks and islets 

The Casquets (49°43.′4″N, 2°22.′7″W) are a group of rocks 13 km northwest of Alderney and are part of an underwater sandstone ridge. Other rocks which appear above the water are the islets of Burhou and Ortac. Not many plants grow on them.

Lihou is a small tidal island (95 vergees; 7ha) that is part of the Channel Islands. It lies off the west coast of Guernsey and is the most westerly point in the Channel Islands. Coordinates: 49°27′38.16″N, 2°40′4.44″W. The island was bought by the States of Guernsey in January 1995. Lihou is joined to Guernsey at low tide by an ancient stone path between the island and L'Eree headland. It is part of the Parish of St. Peter's.

The country code (also used for internet) is GG.

Other websites 
 "History of Little Lihou" 
 Archeology on Lihou
Mirror

A mirror or looking-glass is something that reflects light. One common plane mirror is a piece of special flat glass that a person can look into to see a reflection of themselves or what is behind them.

Sometimes, a flat piece of metal or the surface of water can act like a mirror.

You can see yourself in a mirror because light comes in and is reflected. 

Curved mirrors can have magnification properties, making images appear smaller or larger than their actual size, like a lens does..  They can be concave (curved inward) or convex (curved outward), making the reflected angle and view to be smaller or larger, respectively.  Special mirrors can make a person's appearance look quite strange. 

Also, in a mirror, writing appears backwards, as a "mirror image" of the original writing.

Mirrors are usually made out of glass with metal on the back, called "silvering" even if the metal is not silver. Modern mirrors use aluminum. The aluminum is applied via vacuum, and will bond directly to cooled glass. 

Tools
Space probe

A space probe is an unmanned space mission, usually a small spacecraft sent out to find out information about a planet or other far away thing. As a tool of space exploration a planetary probe may land on the planet, or orbit around it, or merely fly by closely. Probes use radio waves to send information back to Earth or sometimes to a manned spacecraft. A space observatory leaves the Earth to look at distant objects, but does not go near the objects, so it is not called a "probe".

The first successful space probe to explore a planet is Mariner 2, which was launched in August 1962 to fly by Venus. Over time, more space probes were launched, and more information about our solar system was gathered. A notable space probe is Voyager 2, which flew by Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune before leaving the Solar System into interstellar space, a place between the stars.

Related pages 
 Exploration of Mars

Probe
Rastafari movement

A Rastafarian (often called a Rasta) is a member of the Rastafari movement. Most Rastafarians live in the Caribbean, most notably Jamaica.

Rastafarians say that Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia, is Jah (shortened from Jehovah). They say that Jesus has returned again in the form of Haile Selassie I, or Jah, as he promised in the Bible, and he will deliver them to Zion, their name for paradise or Ethiopia.

There are several things that define a Rastafarian: they do not drink alcohol, they do not cut their hair, they spiritually smoke marijuana, they have a strict all-natural (often vegetarian) diet, and they believe in Jah and Zion.

Their diet is called I-tal derived from the word vital, and is something like Jewish kosher, but sometimes with no meat at all.

Dreadlocks are a common hairstyle of Rastafarians. For them, dreadlocks are an expression of spirituality: the term "dread" refers to a "fear of the Lord".

Naturality is an important part of the Rastafari way of life. They want to return to Africa and live naturally. They believe that smoking marijuana helps them to get in touch with Jah, and their way of life is improved when they practice meditation.

Rastafari movement in culture
Many reggae musicians are part of the Rastafari movement, including the famous musician Bob Marley, who died in 1981. Rapper Snoop Dogg became a Rastafarian in 2012. He has made an album of reggae music.

References
Alyssa Milano

Alyssa Milano (born December 19, 1972) is an American actress. She is best known for her appearance in the 1980s television series Who's The Boss?. She was one of the stars of The WB's series Charmed since 1998.

Milano was born in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn. She moved to Great Kills, Staten Island early in her life.

In 2015, Milano supported Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election.

In October 2017, Milano helped popularized the #MeToo movement, an international internet movement, to raise awareness of the dangers and victims of sexual abuse and sexual harassment.

References

Other websites

 

1972 births
Living people
Actors from Brooklyn
Actors from Staten Island
American movie actors
American television actors
Musicians from Brooklyn
Musicians from Staten Island
Singers from New York City
A Beautiful Mind (movie)

A Beautiful Mind is a 2001 biographical movie about the mathematician John Nash and his experiences of schizophrenia. It is set in Massachusetts and New Jersey. It stars Russell Crowe, Ed Harris, Jennifer Connelly, Christopher Plummer, and Paul Bettany. It was directed by Ron Howard.

The movie is based on a book by Sylvia Nasar.

The movie won four Academy Awards, including the Academy Award for Best Picture. Connelly won for Best Supporting Actress.

Other websites

References 

2001 drama movies
2000s biographical movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
Best Picture Oscar
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Mental disorders in fiction
Movies about educators
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Ron Howard
Movies set in Massachusetts
Movies set in New Jersey
Movies set in universities and colleges
1960s in fiction
1970s in fiction
Academy Award winning movies
2000s historical movies
Movies based on real life events
Movies composed by James Horner
Movies set in Virginia
2000s mystery movies
2000s psychological movies
Screenplays by Akiva Goldsman
Universal Pictures movies
Movies about scientists
Mug

A mug is a container for drinking. It has one handle on the side. It is usually made of ceramic or steel. People might talk about getting a mug of beer at a local pub. They might also drink a mug of coffee in the morning.

Containers