alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Modern Norwegian

Modern Norwegian () is the Norwegian language that emerged after the Middle Norwegian transition period (1350–1536) and Dano-Norwegian. The transition to Modern Norwegian is usually dated to 1525, or 1536, the year of the Protestant Reformation and the beginning of the kingdoms of Denmark–Norway (1537–1814).

In contrast to Old Norse, Modern Norwegian has simplified inflections and a more fixed syntax.  Old Norse vocabulary is to a considerable degree substituted by Low German, and this is the main reason why Modern Norwegian, together with contemporary Norwegian in general, Danish and Swedish, is no longer mutually intelligible with Insular Nordic (Icelandic and Faroese), except from some Nynorsk/Høgnorsk and dialect users to a lesser extent.

While Modern Norwegian is a linguistic term with a specific historical meaning, contemporary Norwegian also includes the Dano-Norwegian koiné dialect from Oslo, that evolved into Standard Østnorsk (Standard East Norwegian) and the related official written standard Bokmål. Standard Østnorsk is spoken by a large and rapidly growing minority of Norwegians in East Norway, and Bokmål is by far the most widely used written language, even among users of Modern Norwegian dialects.

In contrast to Nynorsk
The Norwegian linguistic term for Modern Norwegian is nynorsk, literally New Norwegian. Nynorsk is also the name of a Norwegian written standard based on Modern Norwegian dialects, as opposed to Bokmål.

The terms Nynorsk, Modern Norwegian and Contemporary Norwegian are somewhat confusing, because in Norwegian the same term Nynorsk is used for the first two, while Contemporary Norwegian could easily be called moderne norsk (literally Modern Norwegian) in Norwegian.

See also

Language history
Old Norse language
Old Norwegian
Middle Norwegian
Dano-Norwegian
Norwegian language

Orthographies
Dano-Norwegian origin
Bokmål: official written language, based on Dano-Norwegian, but with significant changes. Also known as bogmaal and bogsprog until 1899, when the term riksmål was adopted. Bokmål was re-adopted as the official name in 1929.
Riksmål: unofficial, based on Dano-Norwegian, and pre-1938 Bokmål, but with some modernisation since. It is standardised by Norwegian Academy for Language and Literature. It was also the official name of Bokmål from its introduction in 1899 until the Storting decided to revert to Bokmål in 1929.
Norwegian origin
Høgnorsk: unofficial, based on the original Landsmål and pre-1938 Nynorsk. It has no standardising body, but is promoted by Ivar Aasen-sambandet, which hosts a wiki called Mållekken.
Landsmål: the official name of Nynorsk until 1929, sometimes strictly referring to the original orthography developed by Ivar Aasen.
Nynorsk: official written language, primary based on the West Norwegian Dialects. It has gone through several reforms and differs significantly from its original form.

Norwegian language
David Novarro

David Novarro is an American television news journalist for WABC-TV in New York City. He is the co-anchor of Eyewitness News @Noon with Shirleen Allicot and the 4 pm newscast with Liz Cho. He is featured on a segment called The Trend on the 4pm newscast.

Novarro returned to WABC-TV in December 2010, he was previously the anchor of Good Day Chicago at WFLD-TV in Chicago.

Novarro anchored the "Ten" newscast at Fox Chicago from 2007 to 2009. He was selected to spearhead the station's expansion into the 10:00 PM time slot after anchoring "Fox News in the Morning"

Novarro and his co-anchor Tamron Hall hosted the morning broadcast for seven years beginning in 2000. David Novarro was recruited to Fox Chicago from WABC-TV in New York where he was the morning weekend anchor and general assignment reporter.

The documentary Cropsey is based on a real life serial killer which was the subject of exclusive reports Novarro first broke on Eyewitness News.
 
He graduated from New York University. His producer credits include the Morning Show with Regis Philbin at WABC-TV, Two on the Town with Leeza Gibbons and Rob Weller, and a music video show, ''Hot

See also
 New Yorkers in journalism
 Puerto Rican migration to New York City

References

American television journalists
1959 births
Living people
American journalists of Puerto Rican descent
American male journalists
List of random number generators

Random number generators are important in many kinds of technical applications, including physics, engineering or mathematical computer studies (e.g., Monte Carlo simulations), cryptography and gambling (on game servers).

This list includes many common types, regardless of quality or applicability to a given use case.

Pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs)

The following algorithms are pseudorandom number generators.

Cryptographic algorithms 
Cipher algorithms and cryptographic hashes can be used as very high-quality pseudorandom number generators. However, generally they are considerably slower (typically by a factor 2–10) than fast, non-cryptographic random number generators.

These include:

 Stream ciphers. Popular choices are Salsa20 or ChaCha (often with the number of rounds reduced to 8 for speed), ISAAC, HC-128 and RC4.
 Block ciphers in counter mode. Common choices are AES (which is very fast on systems supporting it in hardware), TwoFish, Serpent and Camellia.
 Cryptographic hash functions

A few cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generators do not rely on cipher algorithms but try to link mathematically the difficulty of distinguishing their output from a `true' random stream to a computationally difficult problem. These approaches are theoretically important but are too slow to be practical in most applications. They include:
 Blum–Micali algorithm (1984)
 Blum Blum Shub (1986)
 Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function (1997)

Random number generators that use external entropy
These approaches combine a pseudo-random number generator (often in the form of a block or stream cipher) with an external source of randomness (e.g., mouse movements, delay between keyboard presses etc.).

 /dev/random – Unix-like systems
 CryptGenRandom – Microsoft Windows
 Fortuna
 RDRAND instructions (called Intel Secure Key by Intel), available in Intel x86 CPUs since 2012. They use the AES generator built into the CPU, reseeding it periodically.
True Random Number Generator using Corona Discharge.
 Yarrow

See also
 Diceware
 Diehard tests – statistical test suite for random number generators
 Non-uniform random variate generation
 Hardware random number generator
 Random number generator attack
 Randomness
 TestU01 – statistical test suite for random number generators

References

External links
 SP800-90 series on Random Number Generation, NIST 
Random Number Generation in the GNU Scientific Library Reference Manual
Random Number Generation Routines in the NAG Numerical Library
Chris Lomont's overview of PRNGs, including a good implementation of the WELL512 algorithm
Source code to read data from a TrueRNG V2 hardware TRNG

Computing-related lists
Mathematics-related lists
Great Liakhvi

The Great Liakhvi ( Didi Liakhvi, , Styr Lewakhi) is a river in central Georgia, which rises on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range in the de facto independent region of South Ossetia and flows into the Kura (Mtkvari). It is  long, and has a drainage basin of . The cities of Tskhinvali and Gori lie along the banks of the Great Liakhvi.  The river is mainly fed by the melting snows and glacier runoff of the Caucasus Mountains as well as by underground water sources. The Liakhvi reaches its highest water volume in the spring and summer while the lowest volume is recorded in the winter, when some segments of the river freeze over.

The Little Liakhvi is a tributary.

References

Rivers of Georgia (country)
Rivers of South Ossetia
Tributaries of the Kura (Caspian Sea)
Trevelyan

Trevelyan is a Welsh and Cornish name derived from a place-name which originally meant "farmstead 'trev' or Tref (town in Welsh) of Elyan".

People with the surname
 Anne-Marie Trevelyan (born 1969), British Conservative Party politician, Member of Parliament (MP) for Berwick upon Tweed since 2015
 Sir Charles Trevelyan, 1st Baronet, 2nd creation (1807–1886), British civil servant
 Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet, 2nd creation (1870–1958), British Member of Parliament
 Francis Trevelyan Buckland (1826–1880), English surgeon, zoologist, popular author and natural historian
 George Macaulay Trevelyan (1876–1962), British historian and university administrator
 Sir George Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet, 1st creation (1707–1768)
 Sir George Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet, 2nd creation (1838–1928), British statesman and historian, as George Otto Trevelyan
 Sir George Trevelyan, 4th Baronet, 2nd creation (1906–1996), British new age spiritualist 
 Humphrey Trevelyan, Baron Trevelyan (1905–1985), British diplomat and author
 John Trevelyan (disambiguation)
 Julian Trevelyan (1910–1988), English artist and poet
 Julian Trevelyan (pianist) (born 1998), British concert pianist
 Laura Trevelyan (born 1968), BBC journalist
 Mary Caroline Moorman (1905 - 1994) née Trevelyan, English historian
 R. C. Trevelyan (1872–1951), English poet and translator
 Raleigh Trevelyan (1923–2014), British author, editor and publisher
 Robert Trevelyan (cricketer) (born 1970), English former first-class cricketer
 Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, 6th Baronet, 1st creation (1797–1879)
 Walter Trevelyan (1821–1894), English first-class cricketer and barrister

Characters
 Alec Trevelyan, a character in the James Bond movie GoldenEye
 Dr. Francis Trevelyan, a character in The Spy with a Cold Nose
 Dr. Trevelyan, a character in "The Adventure of the Resident Patient" by Arthur Conan Doyle
 Captain Trevelyan, a character in The Sittaford Mystery by Agatha Christie
 Louis Trevelyan, a character in He Knew He Was Right by Anthony Trollope
 Christian Trevelyan Grey, a character in Fifty Shades of Grey by EL James
 Kurt Trevelyan, a character in Halo: Ghosts of Onyx by Eric Nylund
 Trevelyan, a character who escaped the inundation of the sea when Lyonesse was engulfed
 Inquisitor Trevelyan, a potential player character in Dragon Age: Inquisition
 Colley Trevelyan, a character in "Sparrows in the Scullery" by Barbara Brooks Wallace
 Armand Trevelyan, a character in Isaac Asimov's novella "Profession"
 Maxim Trevelyan, character in The Mister by E. L. James.

People with the forename
Trevelyan Richards, coxswain of the RNLI lifeboat during the Penlee lifeboat disaster

Other 
 Trevelyan baronets
 Trevelyan College, Durham, England
 Trevelyan, an 1833 novel by Caroline Lucy Scott
 Trevelyan's char (Salvelinus colii), a cold-water fish

See also
Louise Trevillyan
Trevelin

Cornish-language surnames
Welsh-language surnames
Scheibe Spatz

The Scheibe Spatz (German: "Sparrow") is a German glider with a mixed metal and wood construction that was built in 1952 until 1962. Later versions were known as the L-Spatz, the letter L standing for Leistung, which is German for "performance".

Scheibe Flugzeugbau built the Spatz A in 1952. Two years later in 1954 the first L-Spatz 55 was airborne.  Three hundred L-Spatz 55s were built in Germany, 155 in France under the name Avialsa A.60 Fauconnet, and 16 in Italy as the Meteor MS-30 L Passero; production was discontinued in 1962.

It is a single-seater cantilever shoulder-winged sailplane with a cruising (max L/D) speed of 45 mph. It has an empty weight of 157 kg and a maximum take-off weight of 269 kg. The single spar wing and tail were constructed using fabric-covered wood, whereas the fuselage consisted of steel tubing covered with fabric.

The L-Spatz 55 has good climbing performance due to light construction. The glide angle is 29:1. The longest known cross-country flight was more than 600 km from Burg Feuerstein, Germany to France.

Many gliding clubs operated the L-Spatz 55, well known for its easy handling, including easy recovery from a spin.

Variants
Spatz A
Certified in 1952 with a 13.20 metre wingspan, 6.19 m length.
Spatz B
Strengthened and improved variant with a 13.20 metre wingspan, 6.19 m length, certified in 1952.
Spatz 55
Certified in 1952 with a 13.20 metre wingspan, 6.25 m length.
L-Spatz
Certified in 1954 with a 15.00 metre wingspan, 6.05 m length.
L-Spatz 55
Certified in 1954 with a 15.00 metre wingspan,  6.25 m length.
L-Spatz III
Certified in 1966 with a 15.00 metre wingspan, 6.25 m length.

Avialsa 60 Fauconnet
Licence production in France.
Meteor MS-30 L-Passero
Licence production in Italy.
Electravia Electro Light 2
Electric aircraft version powered by an electric drive system, with a nose-mounted propeller.

Aircraft on display
Museum für Luftfahrt und Technik
National Soaring Museum
 Museum of Military Technique GRYF in Dąbrówka near Wejherowo (Poland)

Specifications (L-Spatz 55)

See also

Notes

References

External links

L-Spatz on sailplanedirectory.com

1950s German sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Spatz
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1952
Leif Øgaard

Leif Øgaard (born 5 January 1952) is a Norwegian chess player. He is the ninth Norwegian to achieve the title of Grandmaster. Øgaard won the Norwegian Chess Championship five times, in 1974, 1975, 1979, 1985 and 1993. He gained his IM title in 1974. In 1981 and 1982, Øgaard won two tournaments at Gausdal, each netting him a GM-norm. His third and final GM-norm was won in the Norwegian team chess championship in 2006–2007, making him the very first person to score 2 GM norms with a 25-year gap in-between as well as one of the oldest players to be awarded the Grandmaster title, since his last norm came when he was already in the mid 60's. The GM title was finally approved at FIDE's presidential board meeting in Tallinn on 22–24 June 2007. Øgaard is a member of the Oslo chess club Oslo Schackselskap.

References

External links
 
 
 List of winners of the Norwegian Chess Championship

1952 births
Living people
Norwegian chess players
Chess grandmasters
Tragopogon pratensis

Tragopogon pratensis (common names Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon, meadow salsify, showy goat's-beard or meadow goat's-beard) is a biennial plant in the family Asteraceae, distributed across Europe and North America, commonly growing in fields (hence its name) and on roadsides.  It is found in North America from southern Ontario to Massachusetts; most of England; on the eastern and southern edges of Scotland; and central Ireland but not the coastal edges.

It flowers between June and October and its flowers have a diameter of 3–5 cm. The root and buds are edible, and it has a milky latex.

Description
The plant grows up to  tall.

It differs from viper's-grass (Scorzonera humilis) in that viper's-grass has short, pale green bracts, whereas in goat's-beard they are long and pointed.

The lower leaves are 10 to 30 cm long, lanceolate, keeled lengthwise, grey-green, pointed, hairless, with a white midrib.  The upper leaves are shorter and more erect. It is the only United Kingdom dandelion type flower with grass like leaves.

The flower heads are 5 cm wide.  They only open in the morning sunshine, hence the name 'Jack go to bed at noon'.

The achenes  are rough, long beaked pappus radiating outwards interwoven like a spider's web of fine white side hairs (referred to as a "blowball").

Uses 
The roots can be boiled and eaten like potatoes.

References

pratensis
Bovis

Bovis may refer to:
 Bovis Homes Group, a national British housebuilding company
 Bovis Lend Lease, an international construction management company and subsidiary of Lend Lease Corporation
 Bovis Project Management, an national Mexican construction management company, formerly subsidiary of Lend Lease Corporation

Biology

 Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis, a mite subspecies

Other
 Calculus bovis, niu-huang or ox bezoars, dried gallstones of cattle used in Chinese herbology where they are said to remove toxins from the body
 Julian Bovis, a British journalist and award-winning art director
Ksani

The Ksani (, , Ĉysandon) is a river in central Georgia, which rises on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range in South Ossetia and flows into the Kura (Mtkvari). It is  long, and has a drainage basin of .  Ksani (both the river and the name) is often associated with the Medieval Georgian Ksani fortress which lies near the confluence of the Ksani and the Mtkvari.

See also 
Duchy of Ksani

References 

Rivers of Georgia (country)
Rivers of South Ossetia
Akhalgori District
Geography of Mtskheta-Mtianeti
Gret Loewensberg

Margaretha "Gret" Loewensberg (born 17 January 1943) is a Swiss architect and the wife of former Swiss Federal Councillor Moritz Leuenberger.

As an architect, Loewensberg has made a name for herself in particular in the field of domestic architecture. Loewensberg studied architecture at the ETH Zurich and is a member of the SIA (Schweizerischer Ingenieur- und Architektenverein).

External links
 Personal Homepage

1943 births
Living people
Architects from Zürich
Swiss women architects
20th-century Swiss architects
Place of birth missing (living people)
Milton McDonald

Mike "Milton" McDonald is a session guitarist.  He has played with Patricia Kaas, Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe, Spice Girls, S Club 7, Ray Davies, Take That, Robert Palmer, M People, Louise, Mick Jagger, Tina Turner, Atomic Kitten, Hear'Say, Mylène Farmer, and Girls Aloud.

McDonald also played for All Saints, Rick Astley, Jon Anderson, Bryan Adams, Blue, B*Witched, Gary Barlow, Bb Mak, Beverley Knight, Jocelyn Brown, Boyzone, Victoria Beckham, Bellefire, Ed Case, Alice Cooper, Drizabone, Eternal, Five, Eddie Floyd, Gabrielle, Gareth Gates, Geri Halliwell, Gianna Nannini (Italy) Deni Hines, Steve Harley, innosense, Brian Kennedy, Chaka Khan, Ronan Keating, Liberty X, Lulu, Martine Mccutcheon, Mel C, Melissa Mars, 911, Billy Ocean, Alexander O'Neal, Mica Paris, Billie Piper, Roachford, Skin (Skunk Anansie), Lucie Silvas, Sugababes, 3 Blind Mice, Westlife, Bill Wyman, Wet Wet Wet, Yes, Will Young, Eikichi Yazawa and Kumiko Yamashita.

Mike "Milton" McDonald—"Milton" because he came from Milton Keynes — was a member of The Boomerang Gang, who appeared on the London scene in 1984. McDonald left the band in late 1986. He was the second guitarist to Yes offshoot Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe, both on their studio album and on tour. He has subsequently continued with a life of session work, often working with UK pop producers Absolute.

McDonald toured with British pop act Take That between 1992 until their split in 1996, then played for a variety of British, European and Japanese artists before rejoining Take That for their sell-out Ultimate Tour in 2006, and subsequent tours. In 2009 he appeared on Ray Davies’ album The Kinks Choral Collection and featured in the house band for Children In Need Rocks the Royal Albert Hall, playing guitar for Shirley Bassey, Dizzee Rascal, Annie Lennox, Paolo Nutini, Take That, Leona Lewis and Robbie Williams.

Milton McDonald replaced Rob Harris, guitarist for Jamiroquai, for a concert in Almaty, Kazakhstan, on 15 September 2012.

Milton played guitar for the finale of the Radio 2 "Festival in a day" concert alongside Jeff Lynne's ELO, Richard Tandy, Mike Stevens and the BBC Concert Orchestra on Sunday, 14 September 2014.

Together with his wife, Melanie Lewis-McDonald, he is a touring member of Jeff Lynne's ELO, as backing vocals and guitar.

References

External links
 Milton's MySpace Site
 'Milton' McDonald Discography
 Sexe fort Tour 2004-2005, Pianobar Tour - 2002
 Alt.music.yes FAQ

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English pop guitarists
English rock guitarists
English male guitarists
English session musicians
People from Milton Keynes
Musicians from Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Place of birth missing (living people)
Remineralization (disambiguation)

Remineralisation (UK spelling; US remineralization) is the transformation of organic molecules to inorganic forms.

Remineralisation may also refer to:

 Bone remodeling (bone metabolism)
 Remineralisation of teeth
 Rockdust, also known as soil remineralization when applied as a nonsynthetic organic fertilizer
 See also John D. Hamaker § Remineralization benefits

See also 
 Demineralisation
 Mineralization (disambiguation)
State Theatre

State Theatre or State Theater may refer to:

Australia 
 State Theatre, Adelaide, former cinema in Hindley Street built on the site of the old Wondergraph
 State Theatre (Melbourne), a theatre opened in 1984, part of the Arts Centre Melbourne
 State Theatre (Sydney), heritage-listed cinema built in the 1920s

United States

California 
 Golden State Theatre, also known as State Theatre, Monterey
 State Theatre (Oroville, California), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Butte County
 State Theatre (Los Angeles)
 State Theatre (Red Bluff, California)

Delaware 
 State Theater (Newark, Delaware)

Florida
 Hippodrome State Theatre, Gainesville
 State Theatre (St. Petersburg, Florida)
 State Theatre (Plant City, Florida)

Indiana 
 Blackstone-State Theater, also known as State Theater, in South Bend

Kentucky 
 State Theatre (Elizabethtown, Kentucky), NRHP-listed in Hardin County

Louisiana 
 State Palace Theatre (New Orleans, Louisiana)

Maine 
 State Theatre (Portland, Maine)

Michigan
 State Theatre (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
 State Theatre (Bay City, Michigan)
 State Theatre (Benton Harbor, Michigan)
 The Fillmore Detroit, formerly the State Theatre
 State Theatre (Kalamazoo, Michigan)
 State Theatre (Traverse City, Michigan)

Minnesota
 State Theatre (Minneapolis, Minnesota)
 Lyric Center for the Arts, formerly the State Theater, in Virginia, Minnesota

New Jersey 
 State Theatre (New Brunswick, New Jersey)

New Mexico 
 State Theater (Clovis, New Mexico)

New York
 State Theater (Ithaca, New York)
 Loew's State Theatre (New York City)
 David H. Koch Theater, formerly the New York State Theater, part of Lincoln Center
 Landmark Theatre (Syracuse, New York), originally named Loew’s State Theatre

Ohio
 State Theatre (Cleveland, Ohio)
 State Theater (Youngstown, Ohio)

Pennsylvania
 State Theatre (Easton, Pennsylvania)
 State Theatre (State College, Pennsylvania), a non-profit community theatre
 State Theatre Center for the Arts (Uniontown, Pennsylvania)

Virginia 
 State Theatre (Falls Church, Virginia), a 1936 restaurant and concert venue

Wisconsin
 State Theatre (Eau Claire, Wisconsin)
 State Theater (Milwaukee), a former movie theater

Other countries

 State Theatre (Hong Kong), China
 Kaunas State Musical Theatre, Kaunas, Lithuania
 State Theatre (Hamilton, New Zealand)
 State Jewish Theater (Romania), Bucharest, Romania
 State Theatre Košice, Slovakia
 South African State Theatre, Pretoria
 Turkish State Theatres, with venues in 19 cities
 State Cinema, Grays, Essex, England, UK once called Gray's State Theatre
Phat pants

Phat pants, phatties, or phats  are a style of pants that are fitted at the waist, but get increasingly wide down the legs, covering the feet entirely due to their width.  Phat pants can be made out of a variety of materials, however denim, faux fur, and cotton fabric tend to be the most common.  High-end customized phats tend to include UV reflective tape decoration to add a glowing effect.  Phat pants are notable for being a visual identifier of those within the rave community.  Popular makers of phat pants include Kikwear, UFO, Q-ambient, and JNCO.

Phat pants originated in 1990. A Melbourne raver who could not wear slim pants due to thick legs started making them to fit her frame. Rose to popularity in early 1990s with Tina Borg, Renegade and continued to grow into candy phat pantz in 1995 within the kandi kid community of ravers.  Also called B-pants, the trend regained attention in the wake of the 2010s in the form of snowboard pants.

See also

Melbourne Shuffle
Bell-bottoms
Wide leg jeans

References

External links

External links

Dance culture
Trousers and shorts
Jeans by type
1990s fashion
2000s fashion
2010s fashion
Rave
OPG

OPG may refer to:

Osteoprotegerin
Office of the Public Guardian (disambiguation)
Office of HM Paymaster General
Online Policy Group
Ontario Power Generation
 Open Government Partnership
Optical parametric generator
Orthopantomograph, a panoramic radiograph
 Orthopantogram or Panoramic radiograph
Fariborz Kamkari

Fariborz Kamkari () is a Kurdish Iranian film director and producer. 

Kamkari was born in 1971 in Iran, and studied cinema and theater in Tehran, Iran. He has written several scripts for other Iranian directors, and has produced and directed some short films. In 2002, he wrote and directed his first feature film, Black Tape (edited by Amin Aslani. The film won the top jury prize at Cinequest Film Festival, and was in competition at several other festivals, including the Venice Film Festival.

In 2005, Kamkari wrote and directed The Forbidden Chapter, an Italy-France-Iran co-production.

External links
 

1971 births
Living people
Iranian film directors
Italian people of Iranian descent
Italian Muslims
John Poupore

John Poupore (April 10, 1817 – July 12, 1896) was a Quebec lumber merchant and political figure. He was a Conservative Member of Parliament representing Pontiac from 1878 to 1882. He also represented Pontiac in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1861 to 1874.

He was born in Edwardsburgh (Cardinal) in Upper Canada in 1817 and studied at Potsdam, New York. He later settled at Chichester, where his father became the first mayor. He established his own farm and operated a sawmill in the area. He also served as lieutenant-colonel in the Pontiac county militia. In 1861, he defeated Edmund Heath to become the representative for Pontiac County in the legislative assembly; he was reelected in 1863. He represented the county in the provincial legislative assembly from 1867 until he resigned in 1874. He also served as mayor of Chichester from 1866 to 1867. He was an immigration agent at Quebec City from 1876 to 1878, when he was elected to the House of Commons.

He died at Chichester in 1896 and was buried in Edwardsburgh.

His nephew and son-in-law, William Joseph Poupore, also represented Pontiac provincially and federally.

References

 

1817 births
1896 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada East
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
Mayors of places in Quebec
Workplace Relations Act 1996

The Workplace Relations Act 1996 was an Australian law regarding workplace conditions and rights passed by the Howard government after it came into power in 1996. It replaced the previous Labor Government's Industrial Relations Act 1988, and commenced operation on 1 January 1997. In 2005, the Howard government passed the Workplace Relations Amendment Act 2005 which came into effect on 27 March 2006 and substantially amended the original Act, bringing in the WorkChoices changes to Australian labour law. The Act was repealed on 1 July 2009 by the Fair Work Act 2009 passed by the Rudd Labor Government, and superseded by the Fair Work (Registered Organisations) Act 2009.

Provisions
The Act provided for the continuation of the existing federal award system which provided a minimum set of terms and conditions for employment. It kept the previous Australian Industrial Relations Commission, which continued to determine federal awards but whose determinations were restricted to consideration of just 20 "allowable award matters", namely:
classification of employees
hours of work
rates of pay
piece rates, tallies and bonuses
various forms of leave (e.g. annual and long service leave)
public holidays
allowances
penalty rates
redundancy pay
notice of termination
dispute settling procedures
stand down provisions
jury service
pay and conditions

Some of its provisions upon first being enacted included:
the introduction of Australian Workplace Agreements, a form of individual contract which can override collective agreements;
expansion of the use of enterprise bargaining agreements;
a reduction of the allowable matters in federal awards to 20;
restrictions on union activity; and
outlawing closed shops.

Associated regulations
The original regulations associated with the Act, the Workplace Relations Regulations 1996, were repealed and replaced with the Workplace Relations Regulations 2006 in order to accommodate the WorkChoices amendments to the Workplace Relations Act 1996 introduced on 27 March 2006. Those regulations were themselves repealed when the Fair Work Act 2009 commenced on 1 July 2009.

References

1996 in Australian law
Australian labour law
Acts of the Parliament of Australia
Minimum wage law
1996 in politics
Industrial agreements
1996 in labor relations
Saint-Servan

Saint-Servan (; often abbreviated as St. Servan; ) is a town of western France, in Brittany, situated 2 miles from the ferry port of Saint-Malo. It is renowned for its shops and restaurants.

History

In June 1758, during the Seven Years' War, British troops captured Saint-Servan as part of the Raid on St Malo. The British burnt 30 privateers and a hundred other ships before they withdrew.

Its population in 1906 was 1,965. A trolleybus service to Saint Malo was introduced that year by Tracteurs Electrique Bretons. They used an electrobus designed by Louis Lombard-Gérin. It followed the route of the existing tramway. Although the route was extended to Paramé in April 1907, the service was scrapped on 5 June 1907.

The commune of Saint-Servan was merged with Paramé, into the commune of Saint-Malo in 1967. Originally, the area was known as Aleth, whose first bishop was the 5th century Saint Malo.

Today, Catholic pilgrims can visit the House of the Cross at Saint-Servan where Saint Jeanne Jugan performed her charitable works for the Little Sisters of the Poor.

Miscellaneous 
 Louis Duchesne (1843-1922), historian and writer.

Notes

References
 

Saint-Malo
Former communes of Ille-et-Vilaine
Curiosolitae
Emily (TV series)

Emily (Émilie in the original) is a cartoon series broadcast on Antenne 2's Récré A2 block in 1979. The cartoon follows the adventures of Emily, a little girl who wears only red. It is based on the Émilie book series, written and illustrated by Domitille de Pressensé.

Emily has a pet hedgehog named Humphrey (Arthur in the French version). Other characters include Emily's cousins Alexander and Nicholas, her English friend Gregory, her friend Chloe, her little sister Pat (Elise in France), her big brother Stephen and his friends William and Sydney.

The episodes show Emily facing her fears (fear of the dark, bed-wetting, and the hospital), managing relationships (jealousy of her sister), as well as playing and having fun (playing hide-and-seek, going to the circus).

Emily was broadcast in the United States as part of Nickelodeon's preschool series Pinwheel beginning in 1981. A new CGI Émilie series was released in 2012, consisting of 52 episodes.

References

Links and references
 IMDB entry on Émilie

1979 French television series debuts
1979 French television series endings
French television shows based on children's books
France 2
French children's animated television series
1970s French animated television series
2012 French television series debuts
2010s French animated television series
Animated television series about children
Gulating Court of Appeal

The Gulating Court of Appeal () is one of six courts of appeal in the Kingdom of Norway. The Court is located in the city of Bergen. The court has jurisdiction over the counties of Vestland and Rogaland plus Sirdal Municipality in Agder county. These areas constitute the Gulating judicial district (). This court can rule on both civil and criminal cases that are appealed from one of its subordinate district courts. Court decisions can be, to a limited extent, appealed to the Supreme Court of Norway.  There are 33 permanent judges seated on this court. The chief judicial officer of the court () is currently Magni Elsheim (as of 2016). The court is administered by the Norwegian National Courts Administration.

Location
The Court has its seat at  in the city of Bergen, the largest city in Western Norway. The courthouse is located next to the Bergen city hall (). Additionally, the Court permanently sits in the city of Stavanger at the Stavanger Court House. The Court may also sit in other places within its jurisdiction as needed.

Jurisdiction
This court accepts appeals from all of the district courts from its geographic jurisdiction. This court is divided into judicial regions () and there is one or more district courts () that belongs to each of these regions.

History
The court has its historical roots originating with the Gulating, one of the first Norwegian legislative assemblies or Þing, which was established before the year 900. This old assembly remained in operation until 1797 when the courts were changed. A new court law went into effect on 1 January 1890 which re-established the Gulating Court of Appeal which included all of Bergen, Søndre Bergenhus, Nordre Bergenhus, and Romsdalen counties. In 1892, some courts were consolidated and this court gained all of the county of Stavanger. On 1 January 1907, all of Trøndelag was added to the court as well, and at that time, the name of the court was changed to Gula- og Frostating Court of Appeal. On 1 July 1936, the northern part of the jurisdiction (Trøndelag and Møre og Romsdal) was separated to become the new Frostating Court of Appeal and the southern part continued as the Gulating Court of Appeal (using the old name again).

See also
 Courts of Justice of Norway

References

External links 
 Bergen Courthouse website
 Main site for the courts of Norway

Organisations based in Bergen
Courts of appeal of Norway
1890 establishments in Norway
Courts and tribunals established in 1890
FANY

FANY may refer to:

 First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY), a British all-female charity formed in 1907
 Hwanhee (born 1982), South Korean singer and actor, also known as Fany
 Tiffany Hwang (born 1989), of South Korean band Girl's Generation
 Nancy Estefania Zamora Garcia

See also
 Fanny (disambiguation)
 Fannie
 Fani (disambiguation)
2005–06 in Romanian football

The 2005–06 Romanian first division was a very tight season. Steaua, Rapid and Dinamo were very close in the table, and teams like CFR Cluj and FCU Politehnica Timişoara were competitive in their bids for a position to qualify for the European Cups.

The Romania national team did not go to the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

Divizia A

European Cups

UEFA Champions League

Steaua București
This section will cover Steaua's games from July 27, 2005 until the start of August 23, 2005.

UEFA Cup

Steaua București
This section will cover Steaua's games from September 23, 2005 until today.

Rapid București
This section will cover Rapid's games from July 14, 2005 until today.

Dinamo București
This section will cover Dinamo's games from August 11, 2005 until December 14, 2005.

UEFA Intertoto Cup

CFR Ecomax Cluj
This section will cover CFR Cluj's games from June 18, 2005 until August 23, 2005.

Gloria Bistriţa
This section will cover Gloria's games from June 18, 2005 until July 10, 2005.

Romania national team
This section will cover Romania's games from July 1, 2005 until the start of 2008 European Championship (qualifying).

 
Seasons in Romanian football
Romania
Paul Willson

Paul Lee Willson (born December 25, 1945) is an American film, television and voice actor well known for many roles, including as Paul Krapence on Cheers.

Early life
He was born in Fairmont, Minnesota, the son of Doris Geraldine and Lee Wilford Willson, and was raised in San Francisco, California. He attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon, where he began performing in improvisational theatre.

Career 
Willson has played numerous guest characters on a variety of shows including Laverne & Shirley as Eraserhead in episode "A Date with Eraserhead", and Full House as Stu in episode "Crimes and Michelle's Demeanor" in 1990, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Boston Public, Caroline in the City, The Newsroom and Star Trek: Voyager.

He is perhaps most famous for his repeated guest character of Paul Krapence on the television show Cheers (which he also reprised in an episode of the Cheers spin-off, Frasier). His character was originally called "Gregg" because Paul Vaughn was already playing a character named "Paul" on Cheers.

For five years (1986-1990) he was Garry Shandling's neighbor Leonard Smith on It's Garry Shandling's Show. Willson also appeared on Garry Shandling's The Larry Sanders Show playing Larry's accountant, and the brother of Sid the cue card holder.

He played Ed, a neighbor, in a few episodes of Malcolm in the Middle, and also appeared in an episode of The Golden Girls.

His film appearances include The Pack (1977), The Devonsville Terror (1983), My Best Friend Is a Vampire (1987), Moving (1988), 976-EVIL (1988), Problem Child 2 (1991), Circuitry Man (1990), Plughead Rewired: Circuitry Man II (1994) and the comedy film Office Space (1999) as one of "The Bobs". Willson also appeared on the CBS sitcoms The King of Queens and The Big Bang Theory.

He's also done voice work as Sam Detweiler, T.J.'s father in Disney's Recess and in the 2001 feature film Recess: School's Out. Although primarily recognized for his television work, he has been noted as a "great improv player" by Garry Shandling as a result of their time working together doing improv in the late 1970s. Cheers producer Ken Levine has also acknowledged Willson as "one of the greatest improv artists I have EVER seen."

Since 2012 he has appeared in television ads for Safeco Insurance.

References

External links

1945 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
Male actors from Minnesota
People from Fairmont, Minnesota
Reed College alumni
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
El Maíllo

El Maíllo () is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca, in the Autonomous Community of Castilla y Leon, Spain. It is situated some  from Salamanca, the provincial capital. As of 2016 the municipality has a population of 287 inhabitants. The municipality has an area of . It sits at  above sea level. Its postal code is 37261.

References

Municipalities in the Province of Salamanca
Float switch

A float switch is a type of level sensor, a device used to detect the level of liquid within a tank. The switch may be used to control a pump, as an indicator, an alarm, or to control other devices.

One type of float switch uses a mercury switch inside a hinged float. Another common type is a float that raises a rod to actuate a microswitch. One pattern uses a reed switch mounted in a tube; a float, containing a magnet, surrounds the tube and is guided by it.  When the float raises the magnet to the reed switch, it closes.  Several reeds can be mounted in the tube for different level indications by one assembly.

A very common application is in sump pumps and condensate pumps where the switch detects the rising level of liquid in the sump or tank and energizes an electrical pump which then pumps liquid out until the level of the liquid has been substantially reduced, at which point the pump is switched off again. Float switches are often adjustable and can include substantial hysteresis. That is, the switch's "turn on" point may be much higher than the "shut off" point. This minimizes the on-off cycling of the associated pump. 

Some float switches contain a two-stage switch. As liquid rises to the trigger point of the first stage, the associated pump is activated. If the liquid continues to rise (perhaps because the pump has failed or its discharge is blocked), the second stage will be triggered. This stage may switch off the source of the liquid being pumped, trigger an alarm, or both.

Where level must be sensed inside a pressurized vessel, often a magnet is used to couple the motion of the float to a switch located outside the pressurized volume. In some cases, a rod through a stuffing box can be used to operate a switch, but this creates high drag and has a potential for leakage. Successful float switch installations minimize the opportunity for accumulation of dirt on the float that would impede its motion. Float switch materials are selected to resist the deleterious effects of corrosive process liquids. In some systems, a properly selected and sized float can be used to sense the interface level between two liquids of different density.

See also
 Float (liquid level)
 Fuel gauge
 Level sensor
 Sight glass

References

Fluid dynamics
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Sensors
Mechanisms (engineering)
Pumps
Switches
Custard cream

A custard cream is a type of sandwich biscuit popular in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland filled with a creamy, custard-flavoured centre. Traditionally, the filling was buttercream (which is still used in most home-made recipes) but nowadays cheaper fats have replaced butter in mass-produced biscuits. The filling tastes of vanilla and as such is more akin to the taste of custard made with custard powder than egg custard. It is believed that the custard cream biscuit originated in Britain in 1908. Usually, they have an elaborate baroque design stamped onto them, originating in the Victorian era and representing ferns.

Some British and Irish supermarkets produce their own brand versions, with variations including lemon, orange, chocolate, strawberry, coffee, tangerine, rhubarb & custard and coconut flavours. There is a digestive cream version available, in which the biscuit is replaced with a digestive biscuit. In a 2007 poll of 7,000 Britons, 9 out of 10 voted custard creams to be their favourite biscuit. In 2009 it was ranked the eighth most popular biscuit in the UK to dunk into tea. In the same year, a study by Mindlab International listed custard creams as the most likely biscuit to cause injury or harm, scoring a so-called "risk rating" of 5.64.

References

Biscuits
Sandwich cookies
Renault Magnum

The Renault Magnum is a heavy-duty truck that was produced by the French Manufacturer Renault Véhicules Industriels and later Renault Trucks (also part of Renault, now Volvo) from 1990 to 2013. The Magnum was available in articulated and rigid configurations, both configurations could be bought with a 6×2 or 4×2 drivetrain. The 6×4 is merely designed for heavy haulage uses.

First launched in 1990, the Magnum was awarded the "International Truck of the Year" in 1991.

The Magnum was featured in Top Gear S12 E01, when Jeremy Clarkson bought one for less than £5,000 in the Top Gear Lorry Challenge.

History
In 1985, Renault presented a prototype truck, the VE 10, with special aerodynamics to reduce fuel consumption.
The truck was launched as the Renault AE (for AErodynamic) in 1990, and notable for being the first modern truck with a completely flat cab floor and for having a mechanically separate cab and engine compartment, resulting in increased comfort inside the cab. The cab was designed by Marcello Gandini. Engines at launch were the AE 380 with a 6-cylinder turbodiesel offering , and the AE500 with a  Mack V8 diesel. It was voted Truck of the Year 1991. Since 1997 the truck was marketed as Renault Magnum and the cab was redesigned, and new engines became available. In 1995, the VE 20 prototype was presented, giving a preview of the second generation Magnum.

In 2001, the major facelift was presented, with a new cab designed by Xavier Allard,  keeping its characteristic boxed shape and separate engine-cab model.

A few days after the presentation of its totally renewed range, in Lyon, Renault Trucks was getting ready to turn the page on the Renault Magnum. On Wednesday 26 June 2013, the keys to the last Magnum were presented to hauliers Robert Chabbert, at the Bourg-en-Bresse site, with a brand-new Renault Trucks T also present.

Technical data

Engine 
The engine is derived from the 13L straight-six engine of the AB Volvo Group. Changes include new engine management and an injection system co-developed with Delphi.

The engine was available in the following configurations:

Transmission
The transmission offered as standard is a ZF servoshift air-assisted 16-speed manual. The Optidrive II 12 speed automated transmission with 4 reverse speeds was offered as an option. This transmission could also be used in manual operation mode.

See also
Renault Trucks
Mack Magnum

References

External links

Review by Peter Shakespeare at "Transport News Network" 
Commercial Motor launch article 31 May 1990

Vehicles introduced in 1990
Cab over vehicles
Magnum
Lazaropole

Lazaropole () is a village in the Municipality of Mavrovo and Rostuša, North Macedonia. Situated on a plateau at Mount Bistra and surrounded by beech and oak forest; at 1,350 m altitude, it is one of the highest settlements in the country.

Culture 
The traditional Macedonian folk dance Teškoto is from the area of Lazaropole.

People born in Lazaropole
Isaija Mažovski, painter and writer
, writer

, writer

Demographics
According to the 2021 census, the village had a total of 29 inhabitants, including 28 ethnic Macedonians and one Serb.

Climate

See also
Galičnik

References

External links

Villages in Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality
Tooheys New Cup

The Tooheys New Cup, or TNC, was a rugby union competition established by the New South Wales Rugby Union (NSWRU) in 2002. Played in the second half of the rugby season after the Super 12 competition was completed, it was intended as a stepping stone between the existing grade rugby (see Shute Shield) and Super Rugby competitions. The Tooheys New Cup ran for five seasons before it ceased to exist, with the short-lived Australian Rugby Championship taking its place in the second half of the rugby season of 2007. From 2008 onwards, an extended Shute Shield covered the entire season.

Open to the existing twelve grade clubs, the TNC featured Super Rugby players not on international duty and the occasional Wallaby. In seasons 2004-2005 the Canberra Vikings competed in the Tooheys New Cup, in the 2005-2006 & 2007 the Central Coast Waves & Illawarra Warriors took part in addition to the Sydney-based sides.

Tooheys New Cup Grand Finals
2002 - Eastwood 19 Sydney University 15
2003 - Eastwood 29 Randwick 14
2004 - Randwick 35 Eastwood 22
2005 - Sydney University 41 Eastwood 5
2006 - Sydney University 16 Randwick 10

Tooheys New Cup Teams
Eastern Suburbs RUFC
Eastwood Rugby Club
Gordon RFC
Manly RUFC
Northern Suburbs Rugby Club
Parramatta Two Blues
Penrith Emus Rugby
Randwick Rugby Club
Southern Districts Rugby Club
Sydney University Football Club
Warringah Rugby Club
West Harbour RFC

See also
New South Wales Rugby Union
Shute Shield

External links
 Cup history from NSWRugby.com

Rugby union competitions in New South Wales
2002 establishments in Australia
Sports leagues established in 2002