alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Canwick

Canwick is a village and civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 324. It is situated  south from Lincoln.

The village overlooks the Witham Valley, where the River Witham follows an ice-age cut through the jurassic limestone ridge which forms the spine of the county.

History 

Canwick has been continuously occupied since Saxon times (the name derives from "Canna’s Farm" or "Canna’s Place" in Anglo-Saxon), but there was a significant villa here in the Roman period.

Canwick Anglican church is dedicated to All Saints. The fabric dates from the 12th, 14th and early 18th centuries, and the building was restored in the 19th century. It is a Saxon-era foundation, but was significantly improved by the same Norman bishops who built Lincoln Cathedral. The church is built on a Roman tesselated pavement, parts of which were found in 1815, when a vault for the Sibthorp family was being dug in what is now the vestry, and it was also found below the floor of the tower in the early 20th century. A coin of the first Christian Emperor Constantine has been found in the churchyard. The church patronage is held by the Mercers Company, oldest of the London city Livery Companies.

Canwick Hall was the seat of the Sibthorp family from the 17th to the 20th century, with the present structure being erected in 1810. Family members included the botanist John Sibthorp and several MPs, including Colonel Sibthorp. Having already angered Queen Victoria by his opposition to an allowance for her consort Prince Albert, he went on to declare that the Prince's Great Exhibition project would bring the plague to England. The Hall was later home of Arthur Foljambe, 2nd Earl of Liverpool from 1939 to his death there in 1941.

New housing development took place in Canwick during the 1960s and the 2001 United Kingdom census records 339 inhabitants and 150 households. Canwick is a civil and an ecclesiastical parish.

References

External links 
 
  Genuki.org.uk; retrieved 10 July 2011
 
 
 
 

Villages in Lincolnshire
Civil parishes in Lincolnshire
North Kesteven District
The Bootleg of the Bootleg EP

The Bootleg of the Bootleg EP is an extended play by American rapper Jean Grae, released on October 7, 2003, by Babygrande Records. It was recorded at Building Block Studio, The Bar Upstairs, and The BK FireHouse in New York City.

Critical reception 

Allmusic's Andy Kellman felt that, despite the "weak spot" "Swing Blades" and a 45-minute hidden track of freestyles and "stray material", the EP's strong textures and soul samples suit "Grae's tough, agile, nothing-fancy flow." Michael Endelman of Entertainment Weekly praised Grae's "long strings of witty disses and unflinching self-analysis", and wrote that she has "skills to spare." Del F. Cowie of Exclaim! found her "cast-offs" to be better than most other rappers' "Grade A material" and asserted that "Grae has not only maintained her profile but has a made a strong case to be considered one of the most versatile MCs around." Robert Christgau of The Village Voice found the EP "looser in theme and execution, and also better than" her debut album, and wrote of Grae's change:

J. Victoria Sanders of PopMatters said that, although "it’s clear she's not afraid of being a maverick or holding her own on the mic", Grae is held back by her "monotone delivery" and, "even with a seamless style, it can be hard not to get distracted from her soft, linear rhyme slipping."

Track listing
 "Hater's Anthem" – 5:13
 "Take Me" – 3:36 
 "Swing Blades" (featuring Cannibal Ox) – 2:28
 "My Crew" – 5:23 
 "Code Red" (featuring Block McCloud and Pumpkinhead) – 3:51 
 "Chapter One: Destiny" – 45:09 
 "Breathe Easy"
Samples beat from "Lyrical Exercise" by Jay-Z
 "A Little Story"
Samples beat from "Day One" by D.I.T.C.
 "You Don't Want It"
Samples beat from "Role Model" by Eminem
 "Excuse Me Sir"
Samples beat from "Excuse Me Miss" by Jay-Z
 "High"
Samples beat from "Purple" by Nas
 "Keep Livin"
Samples beat from "On My Block" by Scarface 
 "You Don't Know"
Samples beat from "U Don't Know" by Jay-Z
 "Bum Deal"
Featuring Natural Resource
 "Negro Baseball League"
Featuring Natural Resource
 "Dichotomy"
Featuring Pumpkinhead
 "Spittin' Bars"
Featuring Bad Seed and Pumpkinhead

Personnel 
Credits adapted from Allmusic.

 Cannibal Ox – featured artist
 Jeff Chenault – design
 Dave Dar – mixing
 W. Eugene Davis – composer
 Zvi Edelman – A&R
 Jean Grae – primary artist
 T.J. Graham – composer
 Charles "Chase" Jones – promoter
 Emily Lazar – mastering
 Block McCloud –  featured artist, mixing, producer
 Pumpkinhead – featured artist
 Sarah Register – assistant mastering engineer
 Ruddy Rock –  A&R, executive producer, producer
 Jesse Stone – marketing
 William Tell – producer
 Chuck Wilson – executive producer

References

External links 
 

2003 EPs
Jean Grae albums
Babygrande Records EPs
2wo Third3

2wo Third3 (pronounced "two thirds") were a gay four piece 1990s electropop group, with three performing members and one non-performing songwriting member. They were called 2wo Third3 because out of the performing members, the two backing members dressed in identical clothing usually with rubber gloves and the frontman, Lee, did not. He usually wore a trademark 2wo Third3 plaster on his face (this being pre-Nelly). The fourth member was represented by a cartoon character called Biff, who appeared in the band's promotional material and record covers.

The band were managed by East 17/ Bros manager Tom Watkins and signed to Sony Music UK's Epic Records label. The design aspect of the band was very important, with customised yellow rubber gloves being sent out with promotional records, and a free Biff plaster being issued to fans.

The band supported East 17 on their "Around the World" tour in 1994.

In 2007 Lee (a.k.a. 4th child), was signed by Hit! Records, and recorded a new version of "Now I Found You" in March of that year.

Biff
Richard "Biff" Stannard went on to become a songwriter for many other bands such as 5ive and Spice Girls. He formed the songwriting and production team, Biffco, along with Julian Gallagher and Ash Howes.

Singles
 "Hear Me Calling" (Epic Records/Sony Music - 1994) - UK No. 48
 "Ease the Pressure" (Epic Records/Sony Music - 1994) - UK No. 46
 "I Want the World" (Epic Records/Sony Music - 1994) - UK No. 20
 "I Want to Be Alone" (Epic Records/Sony Music - 1995) - UK No. 29

References

External links
 More about the group

British synth-pop groups
British techno music groups
LGBT-themed musical groups
Helga Radtke

Helga Radtke (born 16 May 1962 in Sanitz, Rostock) is a German track and field athlete.  She competed from 1979 to the 1990s in the long and triple jumps.  Until 1990 she represented East Germany.  She won the bronze medal in the long jump at the 1990 European championship and was successful in many more indoor world and European championships

Results in detail
1979, Junior European championship: 1st place (6.22 - x - 6.10 - 6.47 - x - 6.35)
1983, Indoor European championship: 2nd place (x - 6.48 - 6.47 - x - 6.63 - 6.52)
1983, World championship: 12th place (6.37 - 6.35 - 6.44)
1985, Indoor world games: 1st place (6.74 - 6.72 - 6.81 - 6.82 - 6.86 - 6.88)
1985, Indoor European championship: 4th place (x - 6.89 - x - 6.73 - x - 6.74)
1986, Indoor European championship: 2nd place (x - 6.80 - 6.91 - 5.41 - 6.82 - 6.94)
1986, European championship: 3rd place (6.63 - 6.89 - 6.64 - x - 6.89 - x)
1987, Indoor World championship: 2nd place (x - 6.67 - 6.90 - 6.29 - x - 6.94)
1987, World championship: 4th place (6.95 - 6.56 - 7.01 - x - x - 6.95)
1990, Indoor European championship: 3rd place (6.41 - 6.51 - 6.55 - 6.55 - 6.66 - 6.33)
1990, European championship: 3rd place (x - x - 6.64 - x - x - 6.94)
1991, World championship: eliminated during qualification
1992, Indoor European championship: 5th place in the Long jump (6.36 - x - x - 6.29 - 6.43 - 6.25); 3rd place in the Triple jump (x - 13.59 - x - x - 13.75 - x)
1992, Summer Olympics: eliminated during qualification
1993, Indoor-World championship, 5th place in the Triple jump (13.52 - 13.95 - x - 13.56 - x - x)
1993, World championship: in the long jump eliminated during qualification; Triple jump: 5th place (x - 13.86 - x - 14.01 - 13.77 - 14.19)
1994, Indoor European championship: 8th place in the Long jump. (6.40 - 6.31 - 6.31 - 6.28 - 6.45 - 6.43); Triple jump: 7th place (13.78 - 13.75 - x - x - 13.79 - 13.92)
1994, European championship: in the long jump eliminated during qualification; Triple jump: 8th place (13.77 - 13.60 - 13.52)

Radtke belonged the Empor Rostock sport club and later to the LAC Quelle Fürth and Munich 1860. During her career she was 1.70 meters tall and weighed 64 kilograms.

References

European Championships
European Indoor Championships

1962 births
Living people
East German female long jumpers
East German female triple jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Germany
European Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Championships athletes for East Germany
World Athletics Championships athletes for Germany
People from Rostock (district)
World Athletics Indoor Championships winners
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
Friendship Games medalists in athletics
People from Bezirk Rostock
SC Empor Rostock athletes
Star Junction, Pennsylvania

Star Junction is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Perry Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located on Pennsylvania Route 51. At the 2010 census, the population was 616.

History
Star Junction was founded in 1893, when the Washington No. 2 Mine was opened by the Washington Coal and Coke Company. It is so-named because it was once the site of a railroad depot, the end of the line for the Washington Run Railroad. Star Junction was once a coal mining center, with beehive ovens for coke manufacture and a foundry. It was the site of labor unrest, including the walkout of 4,500 miners in 1922. Although the company store and mines are long gone, the "patch" (the groups of company houses) still remains and houses many residents. This area was added to the "Determined Eligible List" of the Bureau of Historic Preservation, as an example of a typical coal town, and has been added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Notable person

John Kundla (1916-2017), educator and college/professional basketball coach, was born in Star Junction.

Geography
Star Junction is in northwestern Fayette County, in the southwest part of Perry Township. Via PA 51 it is  north to Perryopolis and  south to Uniontown, the county seat.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Star Junction CDP has a total area of , of which , or 1.42%, is water.

Education
Star Junction is served by the Frazier School District.

References

External links

Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania
Census-designated places in Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1893
Census-designated places in Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Kinwarton Dovecote

Kinwarton Dovecote is circular 14th-century dovecote situated  on the edge of the village of Kinwarton, near Alcester, Warwickshire, England. The dovecote is in the ownership of the National Trust and is a scheduled monument.

The building still houses doves to this day and is noted for its "potence" (a pivoted ladder) which provides access to the nesting boxes.

References

External links
Kinwarton Dovecote information at the National Trust
Photos of Kinwarton Dovecote

National Trust properties in Warwickshire
Grade I listed buildings in Warwickshire
Scheduled monuments in Warwickshire
Dovecotes
Blacksmith lapwing

The blacksmith lapwing or blacksmith plover (Vanellus armatus) is a lapwing species that occurs commonly from Kenya through central Tanzania to southern and southwestern Africa. The vernacular name derives from the repeated metallic 'tink, tink, tink' alarm call, which suggests a blacksmith's hammer striking an anvil.

Description
Blacksmith lapwings are very boldly patterned in black, grey and white, possibly warning colours to predators. It is one of five lapwing species (two African, one Asian and two Neotropical) that share the characteristics of red eyes and a bold pied plumage, with a carpal (wing) spur adorning the wrist joint; a sharp black protrusion which they use to aggressively defend their young from potential threats, through persistent aerial dives typically targeting the head. The portions of the bird's body bare to plumage average a black coloration for the bill, and either a black or white-grey dappling on the legs. Females average larger and heavier but the sexes are generally alike.

Habitat and numbers
The blacksmith lapwing occurs in association with wetlands of all sizes. Even very small damp areas caused by a spilling water trough can attract them. In South Africa they are most numerous in the mesic grassland region, less so in higher-rainfall grasslands. Like the crowned lapwing, this species may leave Zambia and Zimbabwe in years of high rainfall and return in dry years. It avoids mountains of any type.

Blacksmith lapwings expanded their range in the 20th century into areas where dams were built and where intensive farming was practiced. Consequently, they are now numerous and established in the western Cape region of South Africa, where they were absent until the 1930s. In this region they have also entered estuarine mud flats in winter where they aggressively displace other waders. Although they are partially migratory, they do not seem to engage in large-scale, regular migrations.

Ecology

During the breeding season, the species often reacts aggressively to other lapwings or African jacanas that may enter its wetland habitat. Nests are shallow depressions on bare ground or short grass, close to water, and tend to be spaced at least 400 m apart. The blacksmith lapwing breeds in spring, but its choice of nesting site and timing may be opportunistic. The young separate gradually from their parents and do not return to natal areas afterwards. This lapwing feeds on aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates.

See also

 Lapwing

References

Gallery

Further reading
 
 

blacksmith lapwing
Birds of Southern Africa
blacksmith lapwing
blacksmith lapwing
Articles containing video clips
Ricardo Supisiche

Ricardo Argentino Supisiche (November 6, 1912 – November 6, 1992) was an Argentine painter and engraver.

Supisiche was born in Santa Fe, the capital of Santa Fe Province, in 1912. He studied drawing at the José María Reinares Academy in his home city, and under master Sergio Sergi at Santa Fe's Municipal Lyceum. He began painting in 1936 and continued his studies during a journey to Europe in 1951, where he stayed in Italy for several months. Supisiche's works earned him numerous awards, and he taught drawing and painting techniques in several institutions.

References

External links

 Asociación Trabajadores del Estado.
 Los Coleccionistas.

Argentine engravers
Argentine people of Croatian descent
1912 births
1992 deaths
People from Santa Fe, Argentina
20th-century Argentine painters
Argentine male painters
20th-century Argentine male artists
20th-century engravers
Hanna Foltyn-Kubicka

Hanna Foltyn-Kubicka (23 May 1950 in Jelenia Góra, Poland), is a Polish politician and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP). She is a member of the Law and Justice Party, which is part of the Union for Europe of the Nations Group in the European Parliament. She was a member on the Committee on Regional Development and the delegation to the EU-Russia Parliamentary Cooperation Committee. She is a substitute for the Committee on Culture and Education and the delegation to the EU-Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee.

Foltyn-Kubicka graduated with a master's degree in German Philology in 1973 and worked as an assistant at the Institute of German Philology at the University of Silesia until 1974. From 1974 to 1992 she worked as a German language lecturer at the Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk, and then became an interpreter at a Sopot shipping company until 2004.

She was made head of the private office of Lech Kaczyński, then a member of the Polish Parliament and currently the President of the Republic of Poland, from 2001 to 2002. She then managed the private office of Anna Fotyga, a Member of the European Parliament, in 2004 and 2005. She is a member of both the Law and Justice Party National Bureau and Political Council and the Pomerania Voivodship Bureau. In 1980 she was a member of Solidarność, an independent self-governing trade union.

Hanna Foltyn-Kubicka previously held office as a Regional Councillor for the Voivodship of Pomerania from 2002 to 2005. She was a member of the Polish Parliament from 19 October 2005 to 9 December 2005.

References

1950 births
Living people
People from Jelenia Góra
Law and Justice MEPs
Women MEPs for Poland
MEPs for Poland 2004–2009
Alexander Rose (geologist)

Alexander Rose (1781 – 1860) of Edinburgh was a wood and ivory turner, following in the footsteps of his father, John, who came from Cromarty. He developed an interest in minerals and began a mineral collection, becoming a dealer in minerals. He later became a lecturer in geology and mineralogy at Queen's College, Edinburgh and was eventually nominated as a Fellow of the Royal Scottish Academy.

He was educated at the Royal High School and in 1816, he married Isabella Boyne. They had three sons and six daughters.

In 1834, eleven of his students set up the Edinburgh Geological Society, of which Rose became President for eleven years until 1846.

He retired from active work in 1856 and died four years later.

Recently, he has come to fame again as the notorious 'Alex the Geologist' in the math problem books written by Phillips Exeter Academy.  The series of problems, featured throughout all the math levels, has Alex located in the desert, a certain distance from a road and a certain distance from his camp.  Generally, the goal is to calculate the fastest route back to his camp.

Sources
Land, David (1999), Alexander Rose and the Society's furniture and silver, The Edinburgh Geologist, no 32, pp 30–36.
Monro, Stuart (1981), Reflections on Alexander Rose, The Edinburgh Geologist, no 10, pp 2–4.

1781 births
1860 deaths
Scientists from Edinburgh
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
Academics from Edinburgh
Scottish mineralogists
Huckford Viaduct

The Huckford Viaduct spans the River Frome just north of Winterbourne Down in South Gloucestershire, England. It presently forms part of the Badminton line from Bristol Parkway to London Paddington.

The viaduct was constructed during 1902 by the Great Western Railway as part of the Wootton Bassett to Patchway railway line. Its construction was driven by the desire to deliver a more direct route for traffic over the somewhat circuitous route that had been previously necessitated. The viaduct has a height of roughly 100 feet above the level of the River Frome, which passes through one of its arches. The Frome Valley Walkway also runs through another of the viaduct's arches.

History
The original route of the Great Western Railway was less than optimal for long-distance traffic between London and South Wales, having involved a relatively circuitous route in the vicinity of Stroud, Gloucester and Chepstow. Following the opening of the Severn Tunnel during 1886, there was both the desire and opportunity to develop a more direct route to South Wales via Bristol. Accordingly, one of the last pieces of the Great Western Railway to be constructed was a 33-mile stretch of track, which has since become known as the Badminton line; the Huckford Viaduct was built so that the line could successfully traverse the Frome valley.

During 1897, work commenced on building the Badminton line. The construction of the line's viaducts was prioritised over several other civil engineering works of the project, as it had been recognised that they would be needed for transporting excavated spoil from several cuttings and embankments being driven around Patchway. To assist the construction effort, a trestle supporting a movable gantry crane was assembled alongside to move payloads between either end of the viaduct. Conventional methods were dominant in the viaduct's construction, which saw concrete bases established along with timber staging to support the brick arches until the structure's completion.

To better facilitate the viaduct's construction, a new brickworks was established at Stoke Gifford, capable of firing 250,000 bricks per week. Furthermore, the majority of the stone of which it is composed was sourced from the adjacent Huckford Quarry. Several decades following the viaduct's completion, this quarry was abandoned; since 1993, it has been designated as a nature reserve located alongside the viaduct.

Citations

External links
 Bristol Parkway to Wootton Bassett Junction via cornwallrailwaysociety.org.uk

Ordnance Survey Grid Reference: 

Civil Parish of Winterbourne
Railway viaducts in Gloucestershire
Bridges completed in 1902
Thomas Chicheley

Sir Thomas Chicheley (25 March 1614 – 1 February 1699) of Wimpole Hall, Cambridgeshire was a politician in England in the seventeenth century who fell from favour in the reign of James II. His name is sometimes spelt as Chichele.

Life
He was born the eldest surviving son of Thomas Chicheley (1578–1616) of Wimpole and was related to Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury and founder of All Souls College, Oxford. He succeeded his father to Wimpole Hall, the largest house in Cambridgeshire.

He was High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire for 1637–38, and in 1640 was elected to the Long Parliament as one of the MPs for Cambridgeshire. However, being a strong Royalist, he was "disabled from sitting" (in other words expelled) soon after the outbreak of the Civil War. After the Restoration, he was elected once more for Cambridgeshire in the Parliament of 1661–1679, and subsequently sat for the city of Cambridge until his retirement after the Convention Parliament (1689).

He was appointed a deputy lieutenant for the county by 1639 to 1642 and from 1660 to 1685. He was also custos rotulorum for the county in 1642 and, after the restoration in 1660, for Cambridgeshire and Ely (until 1687).

In 1670, he was knighted, made a member of the Privy Council and appointed Master-General of the Ordnance. He held that office until 1679, when he was succeeded by three Commissioners of the Ordnance, including his son John. The same year he became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, but was ejected from office and expelled from the Privy Council on 2 March 1687 by James II.
He sat again, however, in Parliament for the city of Cambridge in 1678, 1679, 1685, and 1689, and died in 1699, at the age of eighty-four.

According to Pepys, Chicheley lived extravagantly in London, and this was probably the reason that he was forced to sell his Wimpole estate to Sir John Cutler thirteen years before his death. He had married Sarah, the daughter of Sir William Russell, and had 3 sons (who all predeceased him) and 2 daughters. After Sarah's death in 1654 he married again circa 1655 to Anne, the daughter of Sir Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry of Aylesborough and the widow of Sir William Savile, 3rd Baronet, of Thornhill, Yorkshire and had 2 further sons.

References

Attribution
  
 D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)

1614 births
1699 deaths
People from Wimpole
Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
Members of the Privy Council of England
Knights Bachelor
Lords of the Admiralty
English MPs 1640–1648
English MPs 1661–1679
English MPs 1679
English MPs 1680–1681
English MPs 1681
English MPs 1685–1687
English MPs 1689–1690
High Sheriffs of Cambridgeshire
Deputy Lieutenants of Cambridgeshire
People expelled from the Privy Council of England
Letters of Junius

Letters of Junius (or Junius: Stat nominis umbra) is a collection of private and open letters critical of the government of King George III from an anonymous polemicist (Junius) claimed by some to be Philip Francis (although Junius' real identity has never been verified), as well as other letters in-reply from people to whom Junius had written between 1769 and 1772.  The collection was published in two volumes in 1772 by Henry Sampson Woodfall, the owner and editor of a London newspaper, the Public Advertiser.

The collection includes 69 letters, 29 to the Printer of the Public Advertiser originally intended for public readership, with the remaining 40 to individuals, then made public. It included letters written by Philo Junius, who, some say, was Junius himself.

Several unauthorised editions were published before 1772, and many others afterwards.  The 1772 Woodfall edition, however, was believed to have been arranged by Junius, and includes the opening "Dedication to the English Nation" in which Junius expresses his desire to educate the public and thanks them for their support. In the "Preface" he grants ownership and copyright of the letters to Woodfall.

Woodfall was tried in 1770 before Lord Mansfield for printing the Letters; the contention of the Attorney-General, de Grey, was that it constituted seditious libel.  The jury returned a verdict of "guilty of printing and publishing only."  Woodfall was defended by Serjeant Glynn and Mr. Lee; the Solicitor-General was Thurlow.  Mansfield decided in favour of a mistrial, and Woodfall went free.  John Almon, a bookseller, and John Miller, a printer of the London Evening Post, were tried at the same time, only for Miller to be found not guilty; Almon was convicted, but seems to have had no punishment.  Separate trials were afforded all three. 

In the following year the Speaker of the House ordered the apprehension of John Wheble on charges of publishing the debates in Parliament, but the charges were dismissed by John Wilkes in his capacity as alderman/magistrate. Miller was then in turn prosecuted for this offence, but the Lord Mayor of London, Brass Crosby, dismissed the charges, following the lead of Wilkes.

See also 

Identity of Junius

References 

Political history of England
Letters of Junius
1772 in England
Collections of letters
George III of the United Kingdom
Works published anonymously
Aflenz Kurort

Aflenz Kurort was a municipality in Austria which merged in January 2015 into Aflenz in the Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District of Styria, Austria.

Geography
There was only one borough in Aflenz:  Aflenz-Kurort.

Neighboring communities were: Aflenz Land, Thörl, Etmißl, Sankt Ilgen, and Turnau.

History
"Avelniz" was first documented in 1025. Until its abolishment, the Abbots of St. Lambrecht owned and administered the municipality's land. The territory of the current municipality was part of the Duchy of Styria, which had been detached from Bavaria in 1180.  Beginning in 1192, Styria and Austria were joined in a personal union. Aflenz received the status of a market town in 1458 from Emperor Frederick III. From 1564, Styria was counted as part of Inner Austria and, from 1804 onwards, as part of the Austrian Empire. Summer tourism to the area had already begun in the late 19th century. Aflenz was part of the Republic of Austria established in 1918.  After the Anschluss of Austria, the community belonged to the Reichsgau Steiermark until the war's end. From 1945 to 1955, Aflenz was part of the English Occupation Zone. Its first ski lift was built in 1954.

Politics
Aflenz' last mayor was Hanns Finding, D.Eng.

The results of 2005 election were as follows:
ÖVP: 32.8%, SPÖ: 12.5%, FPÖ: 5.4%, Aflenz-Aktiv: 5.77%, and Gemeinsam für Aflenz (GFA): 43.54%.

As of 1 January 2015 Aflenz Kurort has been amalgamated with Aflenz Land municipality into Marktgemeinde Aflenz (i.e. Aflenz Market Town)

Coat of arms
"A shield divided in two, on the left side of which is a silver bishop's crosier on a blue background and on the right side a blue key on a silver background."

References

Spa towns in Austria
Cities and towns in Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District
Eugène Cremmer

Eugène Cremmer (7 February 1942, in Paris – 30 October 2019, in Paris) was a French theoretical physicist. He was directeur de recherche at the CNRS working at the École Normale Supérieure. Cremmer was a postdoc at CERN from 1971–72. In 1978, together with Bernard Julia and Joël Scherk, he co-developed 11 dimensional supergravity theory and proposed a mechanism of spontaneous compactification in field theory.

References 

1942 births
2019 deaths
20th-century French physicists
21st-century French physicists
French string theorists
École Normale Supérieure alumni
French National Centre for Scientific Research scientists

People associated with CERN
Zfone

Zfone is software for secure voice communication over the Internet (VoIP), using the ZRTP protocol. It is created by Phil Zimmermann, the creator of the PGP encryption software. Zfone works on top of existing SIP- and RTP-programs, but should work with any SIP- and RTP-compliant VoIP-program.

Zfone turns many existing VoIP clients into secure phones. It runs in the Internet Protocol stack on any Windows XP, Mac OS X, or Linux PC, and intercepts and filters all the VoIP packets as they go in and out of the machine, and secures the call on the fly. A variety of different software VoIP clients can be used to make a VoIP call. The Zfone software detects when the call starts, and initiates a cryptographic key agreement between the two parties, and then proceeds to encrypt and decrypt the voice packets on the fly. It has its own separate GUI, telling the user if the call is secure. Zfone describes itself to end-users as a "bump on the wire" between the VoIP client and the Internet, which acts upon the protocol stack.

Zfone's libZRTP SDK libraries are released under either the Affero General Public License (AGPL) or a commercial license. Note that only the libZRTP SDK libraries are provided under the AGPL. The parts of Zfone that are not part of the libZRTP SDK libraries are not licensed under the AGPL or any other open source license. Although the source code of those components is published for peer review, they remain proprietary. The Zfone proprietary license also contains a time bomb provision.

It appears that Zfone development has stagnated, however, as the most recent version was released on 22 Mar 2009.  In addition, since 29 Jan 2011, it has not been possible to download Zfone from the developer's website since the download server has gone offline.

Platforms and specification 
 Availability – Mac OS X, Linux, and Windows as compiled programs as well as an SDK.
 Encryption standards – Based on ZRTP, which uses 128- or 256-bit AES together with a 3072-bit key exchange system and voice-based verification to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.
 ZRTP protocol – Published as an IETF : "ZRTP: Media Path Key Agreement for Unicast Secure RTP"
 VoIP clients – Zfone has been tested with the following VoIP clients: X-Lite, Gizmo5, XMeeting, Google Talk VoIP client, and SJphone.

See also 
 Comparison of VoIP software
 Secure telephone

References

External links 
 Zfone home page
 
  CNET News: E-mail security hero takes on VoIP
 'Wired.com' article April 03 2006

VoIP software
Cryptographic software
Internet privacy software
Software using the GNU AGPL license
Linus Thörnblad

Linus Thörnblad (born 6 March 1985) is a Swedish former track and field athlete competing in high jump. He won the bronze medal at the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships and a silver medal at the 2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships. He represented Sweden at the Summer Olympics in 2004 and 2008 and finished fourth at the 2010 European Athletics Championships. He has a personal best of 2.38 metres set indoors.

Biography
Thörnblad started high jumping at age 16 jumping 2.06 m his first year. Two years later he jumped 2.30 m. He decided to retire from competition in 2012 at the age of 27 due to trouble with injuries and clinical depression. In August 2018, he briefly returned to the track and won the high jump competition at the Swedish Athletics Championships, after which he returned to retirement.

Achievements

References

External links
 Personal website 
 

1985 births
Living people
Swedish male high jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Sweden
Sportspeople from Lund
Malmö AI athletes
Jon Eriksson Helland

Jon Eriksson Helland (1790–1862), born Jon Eriksson Hellos, was a  Norwegian Hardanger violin maker from Bø in Telemark.

Jon Eriksson Helland was the first of the Helland family violin making tradition in Bø. His name was originally Jon Eriksson Hellos, and he was born in Bø on the cotter's subfarm of Hellos on the Eika farm.
He married Ingeborg Eilevsdatter Helland on the Helland farm and took its name after moving there.

It is said that Jon from Hellos brought the artistic talents into the Helland family.
His mother's father was Gunleik Gåra, a well-known master singer. The son of Jon's brother was the master violin player Hans Flatland the elder.
Jon Eriksen Helland learned the skill of violin making while serving his military duty in Denmark and, later from Olav Gullbekk and Karl Rue in Telemark.

The major features of his violins, broadly speaking followed the patterns and shapes of the Hardanger violins of that time. He also made violins in the Italian style.

See also

The Helland fiddle maker family

External links 
The Helland fiddle maker family
Descendants of Jon Erikson Helland

1790 births
1862 deaths
Norwegian musical instrument makers
Bowed string instrument makers
People from Bø, Telemark
Crater depth

The depth of an impact crater in a solid planet or moon may be measured from the local surface to the bottom of the crater, or from the rim of the crater to the bottom.

The diagram above shows the full (side) view of a typical crater. Depth "A" measures from the surface to the bottom of the crater. Depth "B" measures from the mean height of the rim to the bottom of the crater.

Concepts and Measurement
Using the following concepts, a crater is measured:
Measurement
Scales
Geometry
Graphing data
Drawing conclusions

A method of measuring a crater is to find the length of the shadow cast by the crater's rim and the angle at which the light source enters. In this measurement, use the geometry of triangles to calculate d (shadow depth) using L (shadow length) and Ø (shadow angle). So, tan Ø = d/L and L * tan Ø = d

References

impact craters

ca:Cràter d'impacte#Profunditat
Olivier Thomert

Olivier Thomert (born 28 March 1980) is a French former professional footballer who played as a winger who currently plays for French amateur club Claye Souilly Sports.

He made nearly 200 appearances in the top flight of French football.

Career
He started his career at Le Mans, and had spells at Lens, Rennes and Hércules. He rejoined Le Mans on 1 August 2012 for a third spell with the club.

In August 2019, Thomert came out os his retirement, after working as a youth coach for some years. He signed for Regional 2 club Claye Souilly Sports.

Honours
Lens
UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2005

References

External links
Olivier Thomert's profile, stats & pics
Thomert's profile on Sitercl.Com

External links

Living people
1980 births
French people of Martiniquais descent
Men's association football midfielders
French men's footballers
French expatriate men's footballers
Martiniquais men's footballers
Martinique men's international footballers
Sportspeople from Versailles, Yvelines
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
Championnat National 2 players
La Liga players
USL Championship players
Le Mans FC players
RC Lens players
Stade Rennais F.C. players
Hércules CF players
Portland Timbers 2 players
2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
French expatriate sportspeople in Spain
French expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Footballers from Yvelines
Île aux Nattes

Île aux Nattes (also officially, but less commonly, called Nosy Nato) is a small island south of Île Sainte-Marie, an island off the east coast of Madagascar. Both belong to the region of Analanjirofo, in the Toamasina Province.

The  archipelago of Sainte Marie is constituted by seven islands: The main island is  Ile Sainte Marie also called Nosy Boraha, Ilot Madame, at the entrance of the Bay of Ambodifotatra, Ile aux Forbans in the middle of this bay, Ile aux Baleines (or Nosy Boeny) in the East, the three  Ilots Sables in the South-East, and Ile aux Nattes in the South. 

Ile aux Nattes and Sainte Marie (Nosy Boraha) are separated by a sound of 200m.

References

Nattes, Ile aux
Toamasina Province
Analanjirofo
Saint Helena at the 2006 Commonwealth Games

The British overseas territory of St Helena was represented at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne by a small team which took 9 days to reach Australia.

Medals

Saint Helena has never won a medal at the Commonwealth Games.

Athletics 

St. Helena was represented in the men's marathon by Erroll Duncan from Ascension Island, who at 45 ran in his first marathon. As Duncan left the stadium, he was given a huge cheer as he was already so far behind the rest of the field. He finished the race in 14th position (last among the completers) with a time of 3:11:21.

Men
Track & road events

Shooting

Swimming 

Men

References

Nations at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Saint Helena at the Commonwealth Games
Milkwood

Milkwood may refer to:

Plant species or genera 
 Alstonia, a widespread genus of evergreen trees and shrubs from the dogbane family Apocynaceae
 Lobelia scaevolifolia, an endemic lobelioid from the island of St Helena
 Sideroxylon inerme, or white milkwood of southern Africa, a member of the Sapotaceae
 Tabernaemontana, a pan-tropical genus of 100-110 species of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae

Music 
 Milkwood (band), Anglo-Canadian rock band formed in 1969

See also   
 Under Milk Wood, a 1954 radio drama
Saint-Août

Saint-Août is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Indre department

References

Communes of Indre
Guided Missile

Guided Missile was a British, London-based, independent record label set up by Paul Kearney in 1994, and active until the early 2000s.

History 
Guided Missile Records focused on releases by underground indie bands through the late 1990s.

A tribute record Orchestral Manoeuvres In The Darkness by Diff'rent Darkness charted at 66 on UK Official Charts Company chart in 2003.

Post history 
Guided Missile continued to at least 2013 as an events promoter, at venues such as The Islington, The Lexington and, until closure, The Buffalo Bar.

Artists
 Bis
 Country Teasers
 God Is My Co-Pilot
 Kling Klang
 Lungleg
 The Male Nurse
 The Yummy Fur

See also
 List of record labels

References

External links
Discogs
45cat

Record labels established in 1994
British independent record labels
Music promoters
Underground punk scene in the United Kingdom
Vijon

Vijon () is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Indre department

References

Communes of Indre
Estadio Tigo La Huerta

The Estadio Tigo La Huerta (formerly known as Estadio Dr. Nicolás Léoz) is a hybrid grass football stadium in Asunción, Paraguay. It is the home venue of Club Libertad. The arena seats 10,100 people.

References

External links
 Libertad Stadium Info
 Stadium pictures

Sports venues completed in 2005
Football venues in Asunción
Sports venues in Asunción
Estadio Dr. Nicolás Léoz
Apostolos Athanassakis

Apostolos N. Athanassakis () is a classical scholar, and the former Argyropoulos Chair in Hellenic Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). Professor Athanassakis, or "Professor A" as he is often referred to by students, served as the faculty in residence in Manzanita Village. Athanassakis taught at UCSB for nearly 30 years in the Classics Department. From 1984 to 1986 he served as head of the Humanities Division at the University of Crete, in Greece.

Bibliography
 Apocolocyntosis divi Claudii (translation, introduction and commentary, 1973)
The Homeric Hymns (translation, introduction and notes). Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976. 
 Vita Sancti Pachomii (translation and introduction, 1977)
 Hesiod: Theogony, Works and Days and Shield of Heracles (translation, introduction and commentary, 1983)
 Essays on Hesiod, Volume I (editor, 1992)
 Essays on Hesiod, Volume II (editor and contributor, 1993)
 Antony of Choziba, The Life of Saint George of Choziba and the Miracles of the Most Holy Mother of God at Choziba (ed. with Tim Vivian, 1993)
 The Life of St. Anthony (with Tim Vivian, 2003)
 The Orphic Hymns: Text, Translation and Notes, Society of Biblical Literature, 1988

References
UCSB Department of Classics Bio
UCSB 2002 Catalog Profile 

Living people
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Vigoulant

Vigoulant () is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Indre department

References

Communes of Indre
Ambassador Theatre

Ambassador Theatre may refer to:
 Ambassador Cinema, Dublin
 Ambassador Theater (Baltimore, Maryland)
 Ambassador Theatre (New York City)
 Ambassador Theater (Washington, D.C.)
 Ambassador Theatre (St. Louis)
 Ambassadors Theatre (London)
 Ambassadors Theatre (Perth)
Gunnar Halvorsen

Gunnar Halvorsen (July 24, 1945 in Arendal – March 6, 2006) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party (AP). He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Aust-Agder in 1993.

He was a municipality council member in Åmli from 1967–1979, and mayor from 1979–1983. In addition he was a member of the Aust-Agder county council from 1975-1993.

Parliamentary Committee duties 
2001 - 2005 leader of the Standing Committee on Defence.
1997 - 2001 member of the Electoral Committee.
1997 - 2001 deputy member of the Enlarged Foreign Affairs Committee.
1997 - 2001 member of the Standing Committee on Defence.
1993 - 1997 member of the Standing Committee on Business and Industry.

External links

1945 births
2006 deaths
People from Åmli
Mayors of places in Aust-Agder
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
21st-century Norwegian politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians
LPT (disambiguation)

LPT is the designation of a parallel port interface on some computer systems.

LPT may refer to:

Finance 
 Listed property trust, an Australian real estate investment trust
 Local property tax (Ireland)

Science and technology 
 Lagrangian particle tracking, in computational fluid dynamics
 Leptotes (plant), an orchid genus
 Line printer, a type of computer printer
 Longest-processing-time-first scheduling, a multi-processor job scheduling method
 Low Power Transceiver experiment, on the Space Shuttle

Other uses 
 East Coast Expressway (Lebuhraya Pantai Timur), Malaysia
 Little Princess Trust, a UK charity

See also
 LPT1-LPT4, DOS device driver names for parallel printers
Vicq-Exemplet

Vicq-Exemplet () is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Indre department

References

Communes of Indre
Verneuil-sur-Igneraie

Verneuil-sur-Igneraie () is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Indre department

References

Communes of Indre
Thurgarton, Norfolk

Thurgarton is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Aldborough and Thurgarton, in the North Norfolk district of the county of Norfolk, England. It lies 6½ miles north of Aylsham and 5½ miles south-west of Cromer, and was once part of the North Erpingham hundred. In 1931 the parish had a population of 186.

History 
The villages name means 'Thurgar's farm/settlement'. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Aldborough.

All Saints Church 
All Saints Church, Thurgarton, is a redundant Anglican church situated in an isolated spot in the north of the parish. Its mediaeval round tower collapsed in 1882 and a vestry was built in its place.

The roof is thatched and the church contains a number of unusual carved bench ends. It is managed by the Churches Conservation Trust.

In 1969 the poet George Barker, who lived at nearby Itteringham, published a poem called At Thurgarton Church.

Buildings 
Thurgarton Hall, an eighteenth-century red-brick Georgian house, is situated next to the church and was once home to the Bacon family. It later became part of the Felbrigg Hall estate. A post mill once stood in the vicinity of the church.

Thurgarton House (also known as Thurgarton Old Hall) was built in 1733 for William Spurrell, the first of four generations of Spurrells to serve as Chief Constable of North Erpingham hundred. A Victorian wing and several brick barns were built in the nineteenth century. The house remained in the Spurrell family until 2014.

Notes

Villages in Norfolk
Former civil parishes in Norfolk
North Norfolk
Urciers

Urciers () is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Indre department

References

Communes of Indre
Tranzault

Tranzault () is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

Geography
The commune is traversed by the river Bouzanne.

Population

See also
Communes of the Indre department

References

Communes of Indre
Thor Knudsen

Thor Haakon Knudsen (30 May 1927 – 10 January 2006) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

He was born in Tønsberg.

During the cabinet Borten he worked as a State Secretary in the Ministry of Defence from January 26 1970 – January 31 1971. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Vestfold in 1977, and was re-elected on two occasions. He was President of the Lagting from 1981 to 1989.

A journalist by education, he worked in Tønsberg Blad from 1949 to 1956, in the Conservative Party Press Bureau from 1956 to 1970 and as editor-in-chief of Sandefjords Blad from 1971 to 1977. He was a member of the board of Norsk Telegrambyrå from 1971 to 1980.

He was also a member of the Norwegian riksmål association, Rotary, the Norwegian Atlantic Committee and the European Movement, and presided the Norges Forsvarsforening from 1989 to 1995.

References

1927 births
2006 deaths
Members of the Storting
Norwegian state secretaries
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Politicians from Tønsberg
20th-century Norwegian politicians
Thevet-Saint-Julien

Thevet-Saint-Julien is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Indre department

References

Communes of Indre
George Ambrose Pogson

George Ambrose Pogson (30 December 1853 – 23 August 1914) was a British diplomate who was the British Consul in Hamburg from 1880 to 1914.

Pogson was born in Headington, Oxfordshire, the son of astronomer Norman Robert Pogson, he had 12 full siblings and two half-siblings. He was married twice. In his first marriage he had a son, Norman Ambrose. His second wife, whom he met in Germany, was Bertha (née Heinemann).

Pogson died in Puerto Rico in 1914. He was buried at sea.

References

1853 births
1914 deaths
British diplomats
Burials at sea
People from Headington