alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Spamtrap

A spamtrap is a honeypot used to collect spam.

Spamtraps are usually e-mail addresses that are created not for communication, but rather to lure spam. In order to prevent legitimate email from being invited, the e-mail address will typically only be published in a location hidden from view such that an automated e-mail address harvester (used by spammers) can find the email address, but no sender would be encouraged to send messages to the email address for any legitimate purpose. Since no e-mail is solicited by the owner of this spamtrap e-mail address, any e-mail messages sent to this address are immediately considered unsolicited.

The term is a compound of the words "spam" and "trap", because a spam analyst will lay out spamtraps to catch spam in the same way that a fur trapper lays out traps to catch wild animals. The provenance of this term is unknown, but several competing anti-spam organizations claim trademark over it.

Industry uses 

An untainted spamtrap can continue to collect samples of unsolicited messages that can be acted on by an automated anti-spam system. The automated system could instantly block any further e-mail messages with the same content, arriving for other e-mail addresses, because the messages would then be considered as bulk unsolicited e-mail, the typical definition of spam. Automation is considered "safe" because no legitimate email messages should be arriving to the spamtrap address.

The source IP address of a sender delivering e-mail to the spamtrap could also be added to a blacklist for source address blacklisting of e-mail.

Vulnerabilities 

 A spamtrap becomes tainted when a third party discovers what the spamtrap e-mail address is being used for. Once this occurs, the third party could target the spamtrap by maliciously sending email to it giving the third party some control over the automated process of what is being considered bulk unsolicited e-mail by the anti-spam system. However, they would be able to subscribe a spamtrap address to an email list only if that list would not use confirmed opt-in.
 Spammers using spamtrap addresses from their mailing lists as sender addresses can cause backscatter when a reply/DSN is sent to the spamtrap address.
 If the spammer puts a spamtrap mailbox address into the TO or CC line, when any of the other addresses "reply-all" or forward the message, it will cause that address to be considered spam, too.
 Many spamtrap addresses show up in search engine results, and anyone can write to these addresses without knowing that all mail will be caught as spam.

Usenet 

A spamtrap can also be a Usenet newsgroup whose sole purpose is to lure cross-posted spam.  For example, the alt.sex.cancel newsgroup charter states that any article posted there may be cancelled immediately.  Thus, a spammer who cross-posts an article to the entire alt.sex.* hierarchy, including alt.sex.cancel, will find that article is quickly cancelled.

See also
Project Honey Pot
Address munging
Anti-spam techniques (e-mail)
Botnets
E-mail address harvesting
List poisoning
Stopping e-mail abuse

References

Spamming
Lydia Fairchild

Lydia Fairchild (born 1976) is an American woman who exhibits chimerism, having two distinct populations of DNA among the cells of her body.  She was pregnant with her third child when she and the father of her children, Jamie Townsend, separated. When Fairchild applied for enforcement of child support in 2002, providing DNA evidence of Townsend's paternity was a routine requirement. While the results showed Townsend to certainly be their father, they seemed to rule out her being their mother.

Fairchild stood accused of fraud by either claiming benefits for other people's children, or taking part in a surrogacy scam, and records of her prior births were put similarly in doubt. Prosecutors called for her two children to be taken away from her, believing them not to be hers. As time came for her to give birth to her third child, the judge ordered that an observer be present at the birth, ensure that blood samples were immediately taken from both the child and Fairchild, and be available to testify. Two weeks later, DNA tests seemed to indicate that she was also not the mother of that child.

A breakthrough came when her defense attorney, Alan Tindell, learned of Karen Keegan, a chimeric woman in Boston, and suggested a similar possibility for Fairchild and then introduced an article in the New England Journal of Medicine about Keegan. He realized that Fairchild's case might also be caused by chimerism. As in Keegan's case, DNA samples were taken from members of the extended family. The DNA of Fairchild's children matched that of Fairchild's mother to the extent expected of a grandmother. They also found that, although the DNA in Fairchild's skin and hair did not match her children's, the DNA from a cervical smear test did match. Fairchild was carrying two different sets of DNA, the defining characteristic of chimerism.

See also 
 Mater semper certa est

References

Further reading
 ABC News: She's Her Own Twin Article on Fairchild 
 Kids' DNA Tested, Parent Informed The DNA Is Not A Match Article on Fairchild's case
 The Stranger Within New Scientist Article on Karen Keegan's case
 Genetic Mosaics Discussion on Tetragametic Humans
 DNA Tests Shed Light on 'Hybrid Humans' NPR recording.

20th-century American women
21st-century American women
1976 births
Applied genetics
Chimerism
Living people
20th-century American people
Billy Matthews (footballer, born 1897)

Robert William Matthews (16 April 1897 – 18 December 1987) was a Welsh footballer who played as a centre-half for Liverpool Football Club in the early 1920s and earned three caps for Wales. During World War I, he took part in the Battle of the Somme, in France.

Williams also played in The Football League for Bristol City, Wrexham, Barrow, Bradford Park Avenue, Stockport County and Chester. His non-league clubs included Northwich Victoria, Oswestry Town, Witton Albion, Sandbach Ramblers, Colwyn Bay and Rossendale United

Later career
Following his retirement from football, Matthews turned to coaching and had a spell as manager of Llangollen. He later became a scout for Blackpool and discovered Glyn James.

Matthews was also a keen cyclist well into his late 70s.

References

External links
Liverpool FC history profile
Article on players to play for Chester and Liverpool (see Billy Matthews)

1897 births
1987 deaths
People from Ruabon
Footballers from Wrexham County Borough
Welsh men's footballers
Wales men's international footballers
Liverpool F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Colwyn Bay F.C. players
New Brighton A.F.C. players
Northwich Victoria F.C. players
Barrow A.F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Bradford (Park Avenue) A.F.C. players
Oswestry Town F.C. players
Witton Albion F.C. players
Rossendale United F.C. players
English Football League players
Men's association football defenders
Sandbach Ramblers F.C. players
British military personnel of World War I
Sam Troughton

Sam John Troughton (born 21 March 1977) is an English actor who has made appearances in Robin Hood (2006-2009), Alien vs. Predator (2004),  Hex (2005), The Town (2012), The Hollow Crown (2016), The Ritual (2017), Peterloo (2018), Chernobyl (2019), The Outlaws (2021), and Litvinenko (2022).

Early life
He is the son of actor David Troughton and the grandson of the second Doctor Who actor Patrick Troughton. His younger brothers are the former Warwickshire cricketer Jim Troughton, and actor William Troughton. Troughton attended Bridgetown Primary School in Stratford-upon-Avon and then Trinity Catholic School in Leamington Spa. He went on to study drama at the University of Hull, graduating in 1998.

Career
Troughton is a Shakespearean actor who has worked with the Royal Shakespeare Company, and has thrice been nominated (2000, 2001, 2002) for the Ian Charleson Awards, awarded to young actors for performances in classic plays.

In 2005, Troughton starred in the horror films Spirit Trap alongside Billie Piper, and Alien vs. Predator, and several television productions including Sky One's Hex. He has appeared in the SAS-themed drama Ultimate Force. From October 2006 he appeared in the BBC Robin Hood series (2006–2009), in which he features as Robin's ex-manservant, Much.

Troughton's stage roles include Orlando in Samuel West's production of Shakespeare's As You Like It at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield. He returned to the RSC as part of the 2009–2011 ensemble, appearing at the Courtyard Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon. In 2009 he played Marcus Brutus in Julius Caesar  and Third Gentleman in The Winter's Tale, and in 2010 he played Romeo in Romeo & Juliet  and King Arthur in Morte D'Arthur at the Courtyard Theatre. Other roles include a stage production of A Streetcar Named Desire in Liverpool. 

He played Thomas in Bull at the Crucible Studio Theatre in Sheffield in 2013  and Edmund in King Lear at the Royal National Theatre in January 2014.

Troughton starred in David Eldridge's new play Beginning at the Royal National Theatre and at the Ambassadors Theatre in 2018. More recently he starred in Chernobyl (2019) as Aleksandr Akimov. Between May and July 2019, he appeared in Rutherford and Son at the Royal National Theatre alongside Roger Allam.

In 2020, Troughton starred in the biographical comedy drama film Mank, alongside a cast which included Gary Oldman, Amanda Seyfried, Lily Collins and Charles Dance. In 2021, he appeared as Mr.Wilder, the community service boss, in The Outlaws, a BBC series created by and starring Stephen Merchant also featuring Christopher Walken.

In 2022, he played Detective Inspector Brian Tarpey in the ITV drama, Litvinenko, detailing the final days and subsequent murder investigation into the death of Russian defector Alexander Litvinenko.

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards

References

External links

British male stage actors
Living people
Actors from Hampstead
Alumni of the University of Hull
1977 births
British male television actors
Troughton family
21st-century British male actors
British male Shakespearean actors
British male film actors
Robert Clay

Robert Clay may refer to:

 Bob Clay (born 1946), British former Labour MP
 Robert E. Clay (1875–1961), African-American educator
It's My Pleasure

It's My Pleasure is the tenth studio album by Billy Preston, released in June 1975 (July in the UK) on A&M Records. The album shows the modernisation of Preston's music, placing a heavier emphasis on synthesizers. It was also his first collaboration with the singer Syreeta Wright who sings on one track. The album is notable for featuring harmonica by Stevie Wonder on two tracks. George Harrison (credited as "Hari Georgeson") also appears, playing guitar on "That's Life".

"Song of Joy" would later be covered by Preston's A&M label mates Captain & Tennille for their album of the same name.

Track listing
All songs by Billy Preston, except where noted.

Side one − Program
 "Fancy Lady" (Preston, Syreeta Wright)  – 5:40
 "Found the Love"  – 3:58
 "That's Life"  – 3:36
 "Do It While You Can" (Preston, Bruce Fisher) – 6:42

Side two − Intermission
 "It's My Pleasure"  – 3:51
 "Song of Joy"  – 3:22
 "I Can't Stand It"  – 6:23
 "All of My Life" (Preston, Russ Rasputin)  – 5:52

Personnel 
Billy Preston – vocals, keyboards, piano
George Harrison – guitar (3, credited as "Hari Georgeson")
Tony Maiden – guitar (8)
Shuggie Otis – guitar (2, 4, 7)
Kenny Burke – bass guitar (8), guitar (5, 8)
Reggie McBride – bass guitar (2, 4, 7)
Stevie Wonder – harmonica (4, 5)
Syreeta Wright – vocals (1)
Ollie E. Brown – drums, percussion (1-5, 7, 8)
Rocky Dijon – congas (1)
Lorna Maxine Waters – backing vocals
Julia Waters – backing vocals
Luther Waters – backing vocals
Oren Waters – backing vocals
Malcolm Cecil, Robert Margouleff (TONTO: The Original New Timbral Orchestra) – synthesizers

Technical
Junie Osaki - art direction
Benno Friedman - photography

References

Billy Preston albums
1975 albums
A&M Records albums
Albums produced by Billy Preston
Albums produced by Malcolm Cecil
Albums produced by Robert Margouleff
Early protein

The classification of viral proteins as early proteins or late proteins depends on their relationship with genome replication.  While many viruses (such as HIV) are described as expressing early and late proteins, this definition of these terms is commonly reserved for class I DNA viruses. (HIV has two stages of protein expression but these are not as a result of two stages of transcription surrounding replication but by the production of the Rev protein which is required for the export of the transcripts of the second set of proteins transcribed form the cell nucleus.)

Early proteins are those produced following entry into the host cell but prior to replication.  The expression of early genes, commonly encoding non-structural proteins, initiates replication of the genome and expression of late genes.

In some, simpler viruses, this pattern of expression is clearly defined, while in those with more complex genomes, such as the herpesviruses, these expression periods overlap.

Example
An example of early gene expression is the expression of the small, middle and large T antigen encoded by the polyomavirus.  The middle T antigen is not required for replication and it acts to enhance transcription by binding host proteins which interact with the late promoter. On the other hand, the large T antigen is required and it acts to initiate replication directly. It binds the viral origin of replication and recruits DNA polymerase and s/s DNA-binding protein such that once its concentration is great enough it blocks the transcription of early genes and initiates genome replication.  It also acts to cause the entry of the host cell into S phase.

References

Viral protein class
IPod Hi-Fi

iPod Hi-Fi is a discontinued speaker system that was developed and manufactured by Apple Inc. and was released on February 28, 2006, for use with any iPod digital music player. The iPod Hi-Fi retailed at the Apple Store for US$349 until its discontinuation on September 5, 2007.

Accolades
The iPod Hi-Fi was praised for its big rich sound, bass response, ease of use, remote performance, and battery options.

Criticism
The iPod Hi-Fi received criticism due to its high price, lack of an AM/FM radio, and the limited functionality of its remote control.

See also 
 HomePod
 HomePod Mini

References

External links
 CNET Review
 PC Magazine Review 
 Stereophile Review
 Independent User Review 

IPod accessories
Apple Inc. peripherals
Products introduced in 2006
Products and services discontinued in 2007
Jean Marchand (painter)

Jean Hippolyte Marchand (21 November 1883 – 1940) was a French cubist painter, printmaker and illustrator with an association with figures of the Bloomsbury Group.

Biography
Marchand was born in Paris and studied at the École des Beaux-Arts under Léon Bonnat from 1902 through 1906.  In 1910 his painting Still Life with Bananas was exhibited in the 1910 Manet and Post-Impressionism show organized by Roger Fry and then in a second show in 1912 organized by Fry with Clive Bell, both at the Grafton Galleries in London.  This led to a kind of adoption of Marchand by the Bloomsbury circle, and his work was bought by the important British collector Samuel Courtauld.

The painter exhibited at the Salon d'Automne, the Salon des Indépendants and the Section d'Or.  Marchand also produced woodcut illustrations for Paul Claudel's book, Le Chemin de la Croix, and for Paul Valery's Le Serpent in 1927.

He was married to painter and printmaker Sonia Lewitska (1880-1937).

Paintings

Illustrations 
 Jean Cocteau, Bertrand Guégan (1892-1943); L'almanach de Cocagne pour l'an 1920-1922, Dédié aux vrais Gourmands Et aux Francs Buveurs

References

External links 
 online images of Marchand's work, invaluable.com, artnet.com (2), invaluable.com (2)
 La Section d’Or; Salon de 1912 sectiondor.wordpress.com
Jean Marchand - Autoportrait 1912 - Martin du Louvre . Paris

1880s births
1940 deaths
19th-century French painters
French male painters
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
Post-impressionist painters
Cubist artists
19th-century French male artists
James Miller (Medal of Honor)

James Miller (September 21, 1836 – March 4, 1914) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the American Civil War.

Biography
Of Norwegian descent, Miller was born in Denmark on September 21, 1836, and enlisted in the U.S. Navy from Massachusetts. He served aboard the steam gunboat . During the Battle of Legareville on John's Island (near Legareville, South Carolina) by the Stono River on December 25, 1863, he continued to take soundings while under fire. For his conduct on this occasion, Quartermaster James Miller received the Medal of Honor and promoted to Acting Master's Mate.

Miller died on March 4, 1914, at age 77 and was buried in Philadelphia. The destroyer , which served in World War II and the Korean War, was named in his honor.

Medal of Honor citation
Quartermaster Miller's official Medal of Honor citation reads:

Served as quartermaster on board the U.S. Steam Gunboat Marblehead off Legareville, Stono River, December 25, 1863, during an engagement with the enemy on John's Island. Acting courageously under the fierce hostile fire, Miller behaved gallantly throughout the engagement which resulted in the enemy's withdrawal and abandonment of its arms.

See also

List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: M–P

Notes

References

 

1836 births
1914 deaths
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
Union Navy sailors
People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War
Quartermasters
Foreign-born Medal of Honor recipients
Danish emigrants to the United States
American people of Norwegian descent
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Berndt–Hall–Hall–Hausman algorithm

The Berndt–Hall–Hall–Hausman (BHHH) algorithm is a numerical optimization algorithm similar to the Newton–Raphson algorithm, but it replaces the observed negative Hessian matrix with the outer product of the gradient. This approximation is based on the information matrix equality and therefore only valid while maximizing a likelihood function. The BHHH algorithm is named after the four originators: Ernst R. Berndt, Bronwyn Hall, Robert Hall, and Jerry Hausman.

Usage
If a nonlinear model is fitted to the data one often needs to estimate coefficients through optimization. A number of optimisation algorithms have the following general structure. Suppose that the function to be optimized is Q(β). Then the algorithms are iterative, defining a sequence of approximations, βk given by
,

where  is the parameter estimate at step k, and  is a parameter (called step size) which partly determines the particular algorithm. For the BHHH algorithm λk is determined by calculations within a given iterative step, involving a line-search until a point βk+1 is found satisfying certain criteria. In addition, for the BHHH algorithm, Q has the form

and A is calculated using

In other cases, e.g. Newton–Raphson,  can have other forms. The BHHH algorithm has the advantage that, if certain conditions apply, convergence of the iterative procedure is guaranteed.

See also
Davidon–Fletcher–Powell (DFP) algorithm
Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) algorithm

References

Further reading
V. Martin, S. Hurn, and D. Harris, Econometric Modelling with Time Series, Chapter 3 'Numerical Estimation Methods'. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Estimation methods
Optimization algorithms and methods
Sadie Coles HQ

Sadie Coles HQ is a contemporary art gallery in London,  owned and directed by Sadie Coles. The gallery focuses on presenting the work of established and emerging international artists. It was at the forefront of the Young British Artists movement.

History
Sadie Coles HQ opened in April 1997 and has since operated from a variety of distinctive spaces. Its inaugural exhibition at 35 Heddon Street, by American painter John Currin, was followed by Sarah Lucas’s exhibition ‘The Law’ in lofts on St John Street.

Between 2010 and 2013, Sadie Coles HQ was located at both New Burlington Place – a  space on the site of Nigel Greenwood's gallery during the 1980s and 90s – and on South Audley Street.

In 2013, Sadie Coles HQ moved to its current location, a  first floor gallery on Kingly Street in what was formerly the La Valbonne nightclub. In November 2015, it opened a third location in a glass-fronted  space on Davies Street in Mayfair designed by 6a architects

Since her inaugural exhibition, Coles has followed the same formula for each of her invitations. Taking the graphic identity of the gallery itself – a grey block that represents the gallery space and is found on all her branded material – she uses the same block on the invitations, allowing each artist to choose their own colour. A piece of the artist’s work is then shown on the inside of the card.

In 2014, Sadie Coles was listed as one of 'the most powerful people in the art world' by The Guardian.

From February to December 2012, Situation, a temporary space, showed works by Sarah Lucas. The extended display included works both new and historical, mainly by Lucas and occasionally involving other artists.

Artists
Sadie Coles HQ represents numerous living artists, including:
 Alvaro Barrington 
 Steve Dowson
 Sarah Lucas (since 1997) 
 Carl Andre
 Matthew Barney
 Avner Ben-Gal
 Frank Benson
 John Bock
 Don Brown
 Spartacus Chetwynd
 Steven Claydon
 John Currin
 Sam Durant
 Angus Fairhurst
 Urs Fischer
 Jonathan Horowitz
 David Korty
 Gabriel Kuri
 Jim Lambie
 Lawrence Lek
 Hilary Lloyd
 Sarah Lucas 
 Helen Marten
 Hellen van Meene
 Victoria Morton
 JP Munro
 Laura Owens 
 Simon Periton
 Raymond Pettibon
 Elizabeth Peyton
 Richard Prince
 Ugo Rondinone
 Wilhelm Sasnal
 Gregor Schneider
 Daniel Sinsel
 Andreas Slominski
 Christiana Soulou
 Rudolf Stingel
 Ryan Sullivan
 Martine Syms (since 2017) 
 Nicola Tyson
 Paloma Varga Weisz
 TJ Wilcox
 Jordan Wolfson 
 Andrea Zittel

In addition, the gallery manages various artist estates, including: 
 William N. Copley

References

Further reading
Sadie Coles and Jonathan Harris, "Sadie Coles HQ: Anatomy of a gallery in the age of globalised contemporary art" in Art, Money, Parties: New Institutions in the Political Economy of Contemporary Art, ed. Jonathan Harris, University of Chicago Press, 2005.

External links
Sadie Coles HQ website
Sadie Coles HQ at Ocula
Sadie Coles HQ at Royist

 

Event venues established in 1997
Contemporary art galleries in London
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Tourist attractions in the City of Westminster
Art galleries established in 1997
1997 establishments in England
Nervous laughter

Nervous laughter is laughter provoked from an audience's expression of alarm, embarrassment, discomfort or confusion, rather than amusement.  Nervous laughter is usually less robust in expression than "a good belly laugh", and may be combined with confused glances or awkward silence on the part of others in the audience.  Nervous laughter is considered analogous to a courtesy laugh, which may be rendered by more of a conscious effort in an attempt to move a situation along more quickly, especially when the comedian is pausing for laughter.

Nervous laughter is a physical reaction to stress, tension, confusion, or anxiety. Neuroscientist Vilayanur S. Ramachandran states "We have nervous laughter because we want to make ourselves think what horrible thing we encountered isn't really as horrible as it appears, something we want to believe." Psychologist and neuroscientist Robert Provine, from the University of Maryland, studied over 1,200 "laughter episodes" and determined that 80% of laughter isn't a response to an intentional joke. 

Unhealthy or "nervous" laughter comes from the throat. This nervous laughter is not true laughter, but an expression of tension and anxiety. Instead of relaxing a person, nervous laughter tightens them up even further. Much of this nervous laughter is produced in times of high emotional stress, especially during times where an individual is afraid they might harm another person in various ways, such as a person's feelings or even physically.

People laugh when they need to project dignity and control during times of stress and anxiety. In these situations, people usually laugh in an unconscious attempt to reduce stress and calm down, however, it often works otherwise. Nervous laughter is often considered fake laughter and even heightens the awkwardness of the situation.

People may laugh nervously when exposed to stress due to witnessing others' pain. For instance, in Stanley Milgram's obedience experiment, subjects ("teachers") were told to shock "learners" every time the learners answered a question incorrectly.  Although the "learners" were not actually shocked, the subjects believed they were. As they were going through the study, many of the "subjects showed signs of extreme tension and conflict". Milgram observed some subjects laughing nervously when they heard the "learners'" false screams of pain. In A Brief Tour of Human Consciousness, neuroscientist V.S. Ramachandran suggests that laughter is used as a defense mechanism used to guard against overwhelming anxiety. Laughter often diminishes the suffering associated with a traumatic event.

If the individual is shy or bashful and appears nervous when talking, they are likely to exhibit nervous laughter. Individuals who are shy and introverted who find themselves the center of conversational attention often become "giddy" with nervous laughter; this is an unconscious response caused by the brain over-thinking due to social anxiety or inexperience.

References

Laughter
August Howaldt

August Ferdinand Howaldt (23 October 1809 – 4 August 1883) was a German engineer and ship builder. The German sculptor Georg Ferdinand Howaldt was his brother.

Biography
Born in Braunschweig, the son of the silversmith David Ferdinand Howaldt, with whom he got his first practice working in metal, Howaldt made an apprenticeship in Hamburg and became a practical mechanicus.

In 1838 he moved to Kiel, where he married Emma Diederichsen. In Kiel he founded together with the Kiel entrepreneur Johann Schweffel the "Maschinenbauanstalt Schweffel & Howaldt", a company initially building boilers for industry and the new railroad companies in between Hamburg and Kiel and agricultural machinery for the surrounding estates in Holstein.

In 1849 Schweffel & Howaldt built its first steam engine for naval purposes for the Von der Tann, a gunboat for the small navy of Schleswig-Holstein, and the Brandtaucher, the first German incendiary diver or submarine designed by Wilhelm Bauer. The Brandtaucher is today an exhibit of the German Forces Military History Museum in Dresden. Schweffel & Howaldt also built two tugs in 1860 and 1864. When he passed his company to his sons Georg, Bernhard and Hermann Howaldt, who continued in 1879 under the name Gebrüder Howaldt. The firm merged with Georg's shipyard in Kiel in 1889 to become Howaldtswerke AG, today known as Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW).

References
 Christian Ostersehlte: Von Howaldt zu HDW. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg 2004, 
 August Ferdinand Howaldt in: Biographisches Lexikon für Schleswig-Holstein und Lübeck, Vol 12 Neumünster 2006, p. 201 ff.

External links

1809 births
1883 deaths
Scientists from Braunschweig
Engineers from Lower Saxony
German shipbuilders
German company founders
German industrialists
19th-century German businesspeople
People from the Duchy of Brunswick
Businesspeople from Kiel
Submarine pioneers
Billy Preston (album)

Billy Preston (sometimes referred to Do What You Want) is the eleventh studio album by American soul musician Billy Preston, released in 1976 on A&M Records. It includes the singles "I've Got the Spirit" and "Girl", both of which were top 50 hits on Billboards Soul Singles chart in the US. Preston recorded the album in Malibu, California in March 1976, shortly before joining the Rolling Stones on their two-month European tour.

The song "Do What You Want" is a remake of the 1969 original from Preston's debut album for Apple Records, That's the Way God Planned It. Two other tracks, "Let the Music Play" and "When You Are Mine", are re-recordings of songs that appeared on Preston's 1970 album Encouraging Words. In a 1974 interview for the NME, Preston said that he and George Harrison, his former producer, were "both convinced that some of those Apple cuts were among the best I've ever done and could still have a chance of being hits. They missed out first time around largely because of the internal dissension at Apple."

Track listing
All songs by Billy Preston, except where noted.

Side one
 "Do What You Want" – 2:56
 "Girl" (Preston, Bruce Fisher)  – 3:15
 "Bells" (Preston, Fisher)  – 3:20
 "I've Got the Spirit" (Preston, Doug Jones)  – 3:57
 "When You Are Mine" – 2:48

Side two
 "Bad Case of Ego" – 2:56
 "Take Time to Figure It Out" (Preston, Jones)  – 3:14
 "Let the Music Play" (Preston, Jesse Kirkland) – 3:00
 "Simplify Your Life" (George Johnson, Louis Johnson)  – 3:46
 "Let's Make Love" (Preston, Fisher)  – 2:46
 "Ecstasy" – 4:04

Personnel 
Billy Preston - Hammond organ, piano, organ, Hohner Clavinet, synthesizers, Hohner Pianet, vocals
Jeff Beck - lead guitar on "Bad Case of Ego"
Steve Beckmeier - guitars
Ollie E. Brown: Drums
Keni Burke - bass guitar
Merry Clayton - backing vocals
Olivia Foster - backing vocals
George Johnson - bass on "Simplify Your Life"
Tony Maiden - rhythm guitar on "Bad Case of Ego"
Stephanie Spruill - percussion, backing vocals
Alvin Taylor - drums
Tower of Power Horn Section:
Greg Adams - flugelhorn, trumpet
Emilio Castillo - tenor saxophone
Mic Gillette - flugelhorn, trumpet, piccolo
Steve Kupka - baritone saxophone
Lenny Pickett - tenor saxophone
Malcolm Cecil - synthesizer programming 
Technical
Norman Seeff - photography

References

1976 albums
Billy Preston albums
Albums produced by Billy Preston
Albums produced by Robert Margouleff
A&M Records albums
Sadie Coles

Sadie Judith Coles  (born February 1963) is a British art dealer. She is the owner of Sadie Coles HQ, a contemporary art gallery in London, that has been at the forefront of the Young British Artists movement.

Early life
Coles was born in February 1963. She studied at Middlesex University in the early 1980s and received a degree in art history and film studies.

Career
Coles spent six years working for Anthony d'Offay, before opening her own gallery, Sadie Coles HQ in 1997.

In 2003, Coles served on the selection committee for the first edition of Frieze Art Fair.

In 2014, The Guardian named her in their "Movers and makers: the most powerful people in the art world".

Coles was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to art.

Personal life
Coles is divorced from German fashion photographer Juergen Teller, with whom she has one child.

References

1963 births
Living people
Art dealers from London
Alumni of Middlesex University
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Kreileroord

Kreileroord is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Hollands Kroon, and lies about 21 km north of Hoorn.

The settlement started around 1930 as Dorp IV (village IV). In the 1950s, the current name was selected. It refers to a peat excavation are on the former island of Creil in the former Zuiderzee. See also: the village Creil in the Noordoostpolder. The village was officially founded in 1957 for farm workers.

References

Populated places in North Holland
Hollands Kroon
1957 establishments in the Netherlands
Battle of Southwold Bay

The Battle of Southwold Bay off the Suffolk coast can refer to any of a number of exchanges in the Second and Third Anglo-Dutch Wars, namely

 13 June 1665 - Battle of Lowestoft
 7 June 1672 - Battle of Solebay
Akte

Akte may refer to:
Mount Athos, a mountain in northern Greece, known as Akte in Classical times
Akte, a Maya archaeological site near Lake Petén Itzá in northern Guatemala
Slootdorp

Slootdorp is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Hollands Kroon, and lies about 19 km southeast of Den Helder.

The village has recently begun a revitalisation project where municipal owned dwellings to the centre have been replaced with modern homes.

The village is a local hub for farming and a small number of shops. Despite current economic trends, Slootdorp's population has been steadily dwindling.  This has left the now rather quaint township in the ideal position of slowly becoming an enclave for those seeking a "Green Change"

The village is serviced by a number of the districts canals which intersect here.  A number of local businesses still use these canals as the main method of transport of goods.

Gallery

References

Populated places in North Holland
Hollands Kroon
Cougar Fund

The Cougar Fund is a non-profit educational organization concerned with protecting the cougar throughout the Americas. It is based in Jackson, Wyoming.

History 

The Cougar Fund was founded in 2001 by the writer Cara Blessley Lowe and the photographer Tom Mangelsen after a first-hand experience observing a lion and her three cubs on the National Elk Refuge in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Frequent collaborators, Blessley Lowe and Mangelsen produced a book called Spirit of the Rockies: The Mountain Lions of Jackson Hole and a subsequent documentary short film on the historical event. These two pieces went on to garner major national media attention, broadly publicizing the principal issues facing cougars at the dawn of the 21st century: lack of scientific data on cougar populations within state game agencies, inadequate regulations on protection for female cougars and their dependent young, and a dwindling natural habitat further fragmented by human development.

In 2002, Jane Goodall joined the Board of Directors of the Cougar Fund. Since 2010, the Humane Society Wildlife Land Trust supports the Cougar Fund.

Description 

The Cougar Fund is a 501(c)3 non-profit educational organization based in Jackson, Wyoming, concerned with protecting the cougar throughout the Americas. The Cougar Fund educates the public on the value of cougars in nature and promotes the gathering and application of sound science in their management.

Important to The Cougar Fund is an ethic of collaborative efforts in approaching predator conservation and management.  There is room for all stakeholders to participate in The Cougar Fund, and its membership base includes hunters and non-hunters alike.

Board of directors 

 President: Rick Hopkins
 Vice-President, Co-Founder: Thomas D. Mangelsen
 Treasurer, Co-Founder: Cara Blessley Lowe
 Members:
 Marc Bekoff
 Patricio Robles Gil
 Jane Goodall, DBE
 Corinne E. Rutledge

Bibliography

References

External links 
 Official website

Cat conservation organizations
Non-profit organizations based in Wyoming
Jackson, Wyoming
Environmental organizations established in 2001
2001 establishments in Wyoming
William Capell

William Capell may refer to:

William Capel (died 1515), Lord Mayor of London
William Capell, 3rd Earl of Essex (1697–1743), 3rd Earl of Essex
William Capell, 4th Earl of Essex (1732–1799), 4th Earl of Essex
William Capel (sportsman) (1775–1854), sportsman and priest
William Jennings Capell (born 1953), American heir presumptive to the earldom of Essex

See also
William Kapell, pianist
Borghild Tenden

Borghild Tenden (born 23 June 1951) is a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

She was born in Stryn. After finishing her secondary education in 1970, she studied for two years at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences and four years at the University of Oslo. Graduating as a teacher, she worked at Valler Upper Secondary School from 1978 to 1993 and also took further courses in law and sociology. From 1993 to 1996 she held a job as adviser to the Liberal Party parliamentary caucus, and from 1996 to 2005 she worked as an informational adviser in Parliament.

Standing for political election, she served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Akershus from 1997 to 2001, and was elected as a full representative in 2005. She served as the first deputy chair the Standing Committee on Transport and Communications.

Although the 2009 parliamentary election ended badly for the Liberal Party, Tenden won a seat in Akershus. She and Trine Skei Grande from Oslo made up the Liberal Party's parliamentary delegation. Incidentally, this was the first time a Norwegian parliamentary caucus consisted only of women.

Ahead of the 2013 election she was offered the second ballot spot behind Abid Raja. She declined, choosing to not fight head-to-head for the first ballot spot, and retired from politics.

Tenden had also been a member of Bærum control committee from 1999 to 2003, deputy member of Bærum municipal council from 1999 to 2007 and a member from 2007 to 2011, as well as a member of Akershus county council from 2003 to 2007. She was deputy leader of Akershus Liberal Party from 1994 to 1996 and leader of Bærum Liberal Party from 1998 to 2001. Outside of politics, she sat on the  council and sat on the central board of the European Movement Norway.

References

1951 births
Living people
People from Stryn
University of Oslo alumni
Norwegian schoolteachers
Members of the Storting
Liberal Party (Norway) politicians
Bærum politicians
Women members of the Storting
21st-century Norwegian politicians
21st-century Norwegian women politicians
Katie King

Katie King may refer to:
Katie King (ice hockey) (born 1975), American Olympic athlete
Katie King (professor), University of Maryland women's studies professor
Katie King (spirit), name given by spiritualists to what they believed to be a materialized spirit

See also
Catherine King (disambiguation)
Vera Lysklætt

Vera Lysklætt (born 29 January 1954 in Jøssund) is a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party (V). She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Finnmark in 2005. She came in on a leveling seat, in spite of low local support in the county with only 818 votes, or 2 percent.

She was a member of Karasjok municipal council from 1999 to 2003.

Parliamentary Committee duties 
2005 - 2009 member of the Standing Committee on Local Government and Public Administration.

External links
Stortinget.no - Bio
Valgtriller mellom Raymond og Vera (Close race between Raymond and Vera, article in Norwegian)

1954 births
Living people
Liberal Party (Norway) politicians
Women members of the Storting
Members of the Storting
21st-century Norwegian politicians
21st-century Norwegian women politicians
Ed Weir

Samuel Edwin Weir (March 14, 1903 – May 15, 1991) was an American collegiate and professional football player.  He was the first Nebraska Cornhuskers football player elected to the College Football Hall of Fame and is known as one of Nebraska's greatest athletes.  In 2005 the Omaha World-Herald, as part of a series on the 100 Greatest Athletes of Nebraska, named Weir the 19th best athlete in the state's history.

Biography
Born in Superior, Nebraska in 1903, Weir played on the line at Nebraska and was captain of the 1923 team that beat the "Four Horsemen" of the University of Notre Dame. He was elected All-American in 1924 and 1925.

Weir turned down offers to play professionally in Jacksonville in 1925. He went on to play professionally for the Frankford Yellow Jackets of the National Football League (NFL). In 1927, he and several teammates took over the coaching job in mid-season and achieved a 6–9–3 record, as Weir earned All-Pro honors. The following year, Weir coached the team to an 11–3–2 record, good for a second-place league finish.

Weir was a member of Acacia fraternity, and the track and field complex was later named in his honor.

References

External links
 Nebraska profile
 

1903 births
1991 deaths
American football tackles
Frankford Yellow Jackets coaches
Frankford Yellow Jackets players
Nebraska Cornhuskers football coaches
Nebraska Cornhuskers football players
College track and field coaches in the United States
All-American college football players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
People from Superior, Nebraska
Players of American football from Nebraska
Burials in Nebraska
Berwyn Mountain UFO incident

On 23 January 1974 on the Berwyn Mountains in Llandrillo, Merionethshire, Wales, lights and noises were observed that were alleged to be related to a UFO sighting on Cadair Berwyn and Cadair Bronwen. Scientific evidence indicated that the event was generated by an earthquake combined with sightings of a bright meteor widely observed over Wales and northern England at the time.

History 
On the evening of 23 January 1974, residents of the Berwyn Mountains area in northern Wales reported a loud noise and a bright light in the sky. When UFOlogists claimed that a UFO crashed and the British Government covered up the military's recovery of a crashed spaceship, some tabloid newspapers jokingly labelled it "The Roswelsh Incident".

Scientific evidence indicates the event was generated by an earthquake combined with sightings of a bright meteor widely observed over Wales and Northern England at the time.

Declassified Ministry of Defence documents also suggest the incident was caused by the combined effects of an earthquake and a meteor. The Institute of Geological Sciences (now British Geological Survey) reported that a magnitude 3.5 earthquake was felt at 8:38 p.m. that night over a wide area of northern Wales and as far as Formby in England - 13 miles north of Liverpool. It was not immediately identified as an earthquake, hence the police investigation. However, the magnitude of the shock was such that had it been due to an aircraft crash, the resulting crater would have been large enough to be easily visible. The unusual lights reported may have been simply the meteor, but may also have included the phenomenon known as earthquake light.

In popular culture 
The incident was the subject of a segment on BBC1's The One Show on 2 March 2021.

A 2017 episode of Ancient Aliens speculated that a UFO crashed at Berwyn and its wreckage was likely taken to Rudloe Manor.

See also
UFO sightings in the United Kingdom

References

External links 
MOD response to this incident
Listing National Archive records AIR 2/18873 and AIR 2/18874 relating to this event
Richard D. Hall documentary including local exploration and interviews

1974 in Wales
Conspiracy theories in the United Kingdom
UFO sightings in Wales
January 1974 events in the United Kingdom
Miyolangsangma

Miyolangsangma is the Tibetan Buddhist goddess who lives at the top of Chomolungma (Mount Everest). She is one of the five long-life sisters and her virtue is Inexhaustible Giving. She started out as a malevolent demoness and was converted by a great Buddhist. Now she is the Goddess of inexhaustible giving and of Everest and the Khumbu area in general. She rides a golden tigress, and hands out the jewels of wishes to those deserving. Many climbers of Chomolungma beseech her favor at the traditional stupa in which a Buddhist monk prays for them and they go through certain ceremonies. 

It is said that Tenzing Norgay followed her up Everest and that she allowed him to be the first to summit Everest.

References 

Dharmapalas
NGC 5102

NGC 5102 is a lenticular galaxy in the Centaurus A/M83 Group of galaxies. It was discovered by John Herschel in 1835.

Distance measurements

At least two techniques have been used to measure the distance to NGC 5102. The surface brightness fluctuations distance measurement technique estimates distances to spiral galaxies based on the graininess of the appearance of their bulges.  The distance measured to NGC 5102 using this technique is 13.0 ± 0.8 Mly (4.0 ± 0.2 Mpc).  However, NGC 5102 is close enough that the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) method may be used to estimate its distance.  The estimated distance to NGC 5102 using this technique is 11.1 ± 1.3 Mly (3.40 ± 0.39 Mpc).  Averaged together, these distance measurements give a distance estimate of 12.1 ± 0.7 Mly (3.70 ± 0.23 Mpc).

References

External links

Lenticular galaxies
Unbarred lenticular galaxies
Centaurus
Centaurus A/M83 Group
5102
Astronomical objects discovered in 1835
Muscatel

Muscatel ( ) is a type of wine made from muscat grapes.  The term is now normally used in the United States to refer to a fortified wine made from these grapes rather than just any wine made from these grapes.  This fortified muscatel became popular in the United States when, at the end of prohibition, in order to meet the large demand for wine, some poor strains of muscat grapes (used normally for table grapes or raisins) mixed with sugar and cheap brandy were used to produce what has since become infamous as a wino wine.  This kind of fortified wine has, in the United States, damaged the reputation of all muscat-based wines and the term muscatel tends no longer to be used for these "better" wines in the United States. In other markets the term Muscatel, or Moscatel, refers to a wide range of sweet wines based on these grapes.

In 16th-century Germany elderflower infused Salvia sclarea was added to Rhine wines to make a more potent varietal that was called "Muscatel", giving the plant one of its common names "muscatel sage".

See also 
 Moscatel de Setúbal

References

Fortified wine
Cleonae

Cleonae or Cleonæ or Kleonai () may refer to:

Cleonae (Argolis), a city of ancient Argolis, Greece, now in Corinthia, Greece
Cleonae (Chalcidice), a city of ancient Chalcidice, on Mount Athos, Greece
Cleonae (Phocis), a town of ancient Phocis, Greece
Ernie Courtney

Edward Ernest (Ernie) Courtney (January 20, 1875 – February 29, 1920) was a third baseman in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Beaneaters (), Baltimore Orioles (), New York Highlanders (), Detroit Tigers () and Philadelphia Phillies (-). Courtney batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He was	born in Des Moines, Iowa.

Career

In a six-season career, Courtney posted a .245 batting average with five home runs and 200 RBI in 558 games played. He led the National League in games played in .

External links
Baseball Almanac
Ernie Courtney
Baseball Reference

Baltimore Orioles (1901–02) players
Boston Beaneaters players
Detroit Tigers players
New York Highlanders players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Major League Baseball third basemen
Baseball players from Des Moines, Iowa
1875 births
1920 deaths
Watsonville Hayseeds players
Watsonville Gardiners players
San Francisco A's players
Stockton Wasps players
Sacramento Senators players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Providence Grays (minor league) players
Memphis Turtles players
Burials in New York (state)