alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Sapranthus

Sapranthus is a genus of flowering woody plants in the family Annonaceae. The genus was first described in 1866 by Berthold Carl Seemann.

Description 
Plants in this genus are shrubs or trees. The flowers are solitary and terminal and have six petals. The flowers have a characteristic foetid odour (giving the generic name) and are pollinated by beetles.

Species
Plants of the World Online gives the following as accepted species:
 Sapranthus campechianus (Kunth) Standl.
 Sapranthus chiapensis Standl. ex G.E.Schatz
 Sapranthus hirsutus van Rooden ex G.E.Schatz
 Sapranthus isae J.G.Vélez & Cogollo
 Sapranthus microcarpus (Donn.Sm.) R.E.Fr.
 Sapranthus palanga R.E.Fr.
 Sapranthus violaceus (Dunal) Saff.
 Sapranthus viridiflorus G.E.Schatz
 Sapranthus pinedai Ortiz-Rodriguez

Further reading

References

Annonaceae genera
Annonaceae
Taxa described in 1866
Taxa named by Berthold Carl Seemann
GCJ

GCJ may refer to:
 Google Code Jam, programming competition hosted by Google
 GCJ-02, a geodetic datum used in China
 General Council of the Judiciary, the constitutional body governing the Judiciary of Spain
 GNU Compiler for Java
 Grand Central Airport, in Midrand, South Africa
 Knight Grand Commander of the Order of Saint Joachim
Renault Reinastella

The Renault Reinastella is an automobile created by the French car maker Renault. The original Reinastella was a luxury-class car manufactured between 1929 and 1933.

The car was unveiled at the 1928 Paris Motor Show as the Renault Renahuit. The original Reinastella was the first of Renault's Stella series, high-end luxury automobiles intended to compete with contemporary marques such as Hispano-Suiza, Rolls-Royce, Daimler, Lincoln, Packard, and Cadillac.  The Stellas, or Grand Renaults, were marked with a star riveted to the radiator grille above the famous Renault lozenge, a reference to models with names that ended in "-stella", which was a conscious reference to the Latin word for a "star"., while "reina" is Spanish for "queen".

The Reinastella was, at 5.3 meters (17 feet)  long and 2 meters (six feet) wide,  the biggest car ever produced by Renault upon its market debut.  It weighed about 2.5 tons and was the first Renault to be fitted with a 7.1 liter, 8-cylinder engine, delivering a top speed of .  It was also the first Renault to have its radiator placed ahead of the engine, leading the way for all future Renaults.

The hood of the Reinastella was longer than that of the later Nervastella and Vivastella, but like those later models the Reinastella was available in different trims: a closed sedan, berline, and town car.  Coachbuilding was by leading French coachworkers, exhibiting the luxurious fittings of the golden age of classic bodywork.  These models were produced until 1931.

In 1933, a coupé, the Reinasport, was introduced. It was a lighter and more economical car, designed to compete with British and American models in the difficult economic environment of the Great Depression.

In its day, the Reinastella had the same cachet of luxury and privilege in the Francophone world that Rolls-Royce had in Britain and America.  As a result, it may sometimes appear in contemporary popular media as a symbol of wealth.  For example, it appears in The Adventures of Tintin series of Belgian comics The Blue Lotus (1936) and The Crab with the Golden Claws (1941). (The depictions may be of a Vivastella in taxi configuration.)

The high proportion of aluminium used in construction made all the Stellas desirable for recycling during World War II.  Only a few hundred examples of the vehicle were produced, and most of those that survive are in museum collections.

The name was also used for a prototype flying car in 1992. The flying car made its public debut in Circle-Vision 360° film, Le Visionarium, an attraction at the Disneyland Park at Disneyland Resort Paris, which Renault sponsored from 1992 until 2002. The prototype still can be seen at some special auto fairs in Europe.

References

Renault vehicles
Cars introduced in 1929
Ryan G. Manelick

Ryan G. Manelick (December 14, 1972 – December 14, 2003) was an American defense contractor.

He was employed by Ultra Services of Istanbul, Turkey when he was killed in Baghdad, Iraq on December 14, 2003, his birthday, just after leaving Camp Anaconda. He was survived by three children.

On October 9, 2003 his colleague, Kirk von Ackermann disappeared. Von Ackermann's car was found empty on a road between Kirkuk and Tikrit, with his equipment and $40,000 still inside. The case was investigated by Major Procurement Fraud Unit (MPFU) at U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command (HQCID). Ackermann was never found.

Manelick graduated from Conestoga Valley High School in 1991.

See also
Jim Kitterman

References
Obituary for Ryan G. Manelick Lancaster Online, December 18, 2003
Bay Area civilian vanishes in Iraq Colin Freeman, San Francisco Chronicle, November 11, 2003
Suspicion surrounds missing Bay Area man Colin Freeman, San Francisco Chronicle, February 13, 2005
Death of a Contractor Dan Halpern, Rolling Stone, March 8, 2007
Iraq Coalition Casualties: Contractors  Iraq Coalition Casualty Count
The Missing Man blog with links to articles on Manelick & von Ackermann

1972 births
2003 deaths
American people of the Iraq War
Conestoga Valley High School alumni
Coruscant Nights

Coruscant Nights is a trilogy of novels by Michael Reaves. The series is set in the Star Wars universe a year after Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith. Rather than follow closely after each these, the books follow the same group of characters. Characters from the Medstar Duology reappear here.

A stand-alone follow-up novel to the trilogy, The Last Jedi, was released in 2013, which was also written by Reaves, along with Maya Kaathryn Bohnhoff.

External links
 Star Wars official Cargo Bay site
 

Book series introduced in 2008
Star Wars Legends novels
2008 novels
Del Rey books
Opening ceremony

An opening ceremony, grand opening, or ribbon-cutting ceremony marks the official opening of a newly constructed location or the start of an event. Opening ceremonies at significant events such as the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, and the Rugby World Cup might involve thousands of participants and be watched worldwide. Such tournaments often also include a closing ceremony at the end of the event.

Ribbon cutting

A ribbon cutting is a ceremonial event to mark the opening of a new business or a newly renovated business location. It typically involves cutting a ribbon with giant scissors, speeches and presentations by local officials and business owners, and tours of the new facilities. Members of the local community often attend the event, the local chapter of the chamber of commerce, the media, and other guests. It is seen as a celebration of the business and the community it serves.

The ritual originated in the ancient ceremony to open the Cloth Fair at Bartholomew the Great, London. Since 1133, the Lord Mayor of London would open the fair each year by ceremonially cutting a piece of cloth.

Soft launch or opening
In the case of physical establishments, its grand opening might be preceded by a "soft opening" or "soft launch" in which the establishment begins to operate with little promotion to allow testing of operations, procedures, and facilities.

See also

 Ceremonial first pitch
 Ceremonial first puck
 Golden spike
 Groundbreaking
 Olympic Games ceremony
 Ship naming and launching
 Topping out

References

External links
 Planning Your Ribbon Cutting or Groundbreaking Ceremony

Ceremonies
Opening ceremonies
Ribbon symbolism
Rituals attending construction
Elgeseter Bridge

Elgeseter Bridge () is a bridge in the city and municipality of Trondheim in Trøndelag county, Norway.  It is part of the European route E6 highway which passes over the Nidelva river and connects Prinsens street in the Midtbyen area of Trondheim with Elgeseter street in the Elgeseter area of Trondheim in the south.  The Trondheim city council decided on 17 March 1949 that the bridge should be built. Elgeseter bridge was opened in 1951 after a construction period of 2 years.

History
The main entryway into Trondheim for hundreds of years has been at Elgeseter; the first bridge here is mentioned in 1178. It was on this bridge that the battle between the birkebeiners and the baglers took place in 1199. Two years after the city was destroyed by fire in 1681, the Old Town Bridge () was built. Until then the Elgeseter Bridge was the only connection across the Nidelva. The bridge has been reconstructed many times. In the 16th century it was for a period called "Gårdsbroen" and "Kanikke bro". After the Old Town Bridge was completed, the bridge to Elgeseter fell to decay, and collapsed. 
In 1863 a wooden railway bridge was constructed at that location for the Trondhjem-Størenbanen railway line to Trondheim. This bridge was called "Kongsgårds bro".  The railway bridge was converted into a roadway bridge in 1885, after the train station was relocated to Brattøra.

Media gallery

See also
List of bridges in Norway
List of bridges in Norway by length

References

Railway bridges in Trøndelag
Road bridges in Trøndelag
Bridges completed in 1863
Bridges completed in 1951
1951 establishments in Norway
1863 establishments in Norway
Buildings and structures in Trondheim
Coastal Grand Mall

Coastal Grand Mall is  super-regional shopping mall is located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, located off of US Highway 17 and Harrelson Blvd. and was built in 2004. It is the second largest mall in the state behind the Haywood Mall in Greenville. The mall's anchors include Belk, Dillard's, and JCPenney with Dick's Sporting Goods/Golf Galaxy, Old Navy, and Books-A-Million being "junior anchors." There are over 170 specialty stores and a 14 screen Cinemark movie theater located off of the food court.  It is the newest of two malls in Myrtle Beach, with Myrtle Beach Mall being the elder of the two.

The mall carries a tropical/beach theme throughout, with a boardwalk theme in the food court.  The mall also has an outside entertainment pavilion, which houses various restaurants and stores.  There are also several out-parcels to the mall, including many restaurants and various other stores.

History
The mall which opened in 2004 was constructed under the development of CBL & Associates Properties in partnership with Burroughs and Chapin, who also owned the former Myrtle Square Mall, which closed upon the opening of Coastal Grand.  The mall was designed by the architectural firm MSTSD from Atlanta, GA. The original planned name for the mall was "Mall Of South Carolina." It quickly became the dominant mall in the Myrtle Beach area.

In March 2008, JCPenney opened a new  store. This was the chain's second store in Myrtle Beach, as it continues to operate its older store at Myrtle Beach Mall, but will be closing in April 2020.

In 2019, Dicks Sporting Goods announced it will be relocating to a new wing near Dillard's, it will also receive a Golf Galaxy location as well. The former Dicks building will be occupied by Wilmington-based Flip N Fly Trampoline Park, this will be the second location of the trampoline park chain as they have a location at Mayfaire Town Center (also owned and managed by CBL Properties) in Wilmington, NC.

On July 6, 2020 it was announced that the mall has filed a lawsuit against Bed Bath and Beyond saying that the retailer  owes about $72,000 worth of rent which it hasn't paid in April, May or June. The store occupies more than 25,000 square feet of the mall.

On November 8, 2020, it was announced that Sears would be closing as part of a plan to close 7 stores nationwide. The store closed on January 24, 2021.

References

External links 
Coastal Grand Mall
CBL Properties page for Coastal Grand Mall

2004 establishments in South Carolina
CBL Properties
Shopping malls established in 2004
Shopping malls in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
Inpyeong-dong

Inpyeong-dong is a dong in Tongyeong City, in far southeastern South Korea.  A peninsula, it is joined to land on the east.  Inpyeong-dong also includes several small islands.

The Tongyeong campus of Gyeongsang National University is located in Inpyeong-dong.  The highest point in the dong is Cheonamsan, 258 meters above sea level.

See also
Geography of South Korea
Subdivisions of South Korea

Tongyeong
Neighbourhoods in South Korea
World Biographical Information System Online

The World Biographical Information System Online (or WBIS Online) is an online database that contains biographical articles from international lexica and encyclopedias in various languages.

Claiming to be "the most comprehensive biographical database available", WBIS Online is based on a bibliography of biographical sources published by K. G. Saur Verlag of Walter de Gruyter, each covering a continental region, countries or languages or cultural areas and  available in digitalized microfiches. The use is free in Germany, people can use the database either in public libraries, where they are already registered as a user, or at home after proof of their residence in Germany, free of charge and unlimited.

References

Online person databases
International biographical dictionaries
Mirovia

Mirovia or Mirovoi (from Russian мировой, mirovoy, meaning "global") was a hypothesized superocean which may have been a global ocean surrounding the supercontinent Rodinia in the Neoproterozoic Era, about 1 billion to 750 million years ago. Mirovia may be essentially identical to, or the precursor of, the hypothesized Pan-African Ocean, which followed the rifting of Rodinia. The Panthalassa (proto-Pacific) Ocean developed in the Neoproterozoic Era by subduction at the expense of the global Mirovia ocean.

Geologic evidence suggests that the middle Neoproterozoic, the Cryogenian period, was an extreme ice age so intense that Mirovia may have been completely frozen to a depth of 2-km. This is part of the Snowball Earth hypothesis.

See also
Panthalassa

References

Plate tectonics
Historical oceans
Obedience thru Suffering

Obedience thru Suffering is the debut studio album by the American sludge metal band Crowbar, released in 1991.

Track listing

Music videos
"Subversion"

Line-up
Kirk Windstein – vocals, rhythm guitar
Kevin Noonan – lead guitar
Todd Strange – bass
Craig Nunenmacher – drums

References

Crowbar (American band) albums
1991 debut albums
Rules of the road

Rules of the road  may refer to:

Transportation
Rules of the Road (Ireland), the official road safety manual for Ireland
Rules of the road in China
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea

Arts and entertainment
Rules of the Road (Anita O'Day album), 1993
Rules of the Road (Lee Kernaghan album), 2000 album
Rules of the Road, a 1993 documentary film by Oliver Herbrich
Rules of the Road, a 1993 short film by Su Friedrich

See also
Rule of the road (disambiguation)
Australian Road Rules
Road Rules (TV series)
Time Heals Nothing

Time Heals Nothing is the third studio album by American sludge metal band Crowbar, released in 1995 through Pavement Music. The album was rereleased in 2000 by Spitfire Records with new album artwork, courtesy of Rich DiSilvio.

Track listing

Personnel
Kirk Windstein – vocals, rhythm guitar
Matt Thomas – lead guitar
Todd Strange – bass
Craig Nunenmacher – drums
Tito "Bad Boy Bobby Ray" Ralph – vocals on track 5
David Farrell – engineering
Bernie Grundman – mastering

Music videos
"The Only Factor"

References

Crowbar (American band) albums
1995 albums
Crescentia alata

Crescentia alata, variously called Mexican calabash, jícaro, morro, morrito, or winged calabash, is a plant species in the family Bignoniaceae and in the genus Crescentia, native to southern Mexico and Central America south to Costa Rica.

Description
It is a small tree growing to 8 m tall. It has hard, cannonball-like fruit 7–10 cm diameter, that are difficult to break into. It is believed that these fruit characteristics evolved as a defense mechanism against seed predation by long-dead megafauna of the region. However, now it seems to be a counter-productive strategy (an evolutionary anachronism), as the seeds inside the fruits cannot germinate unless the shells are broken open, and with the exception of horses and humans, no animals currently living in its native range can break open the fruits.

It has been observed that domestic horses may smash the fruit with their hooves and eat the pulp and seeds (suggesting that they may serve as seed distribution vectors).

Daniel Janzen suggested that gomphotheres (extinct elephant-like animals) may have previously been responsible for the dispersal of C. alata seeds. With their extinction, C. alata became threatened with the possibility of habitat loss and suffered an extremely limited ability to migrate, but the introduction of a new vector, in the form of domestic horses, has allowed the species to maintain its viability. C. alata is, not surprisingly, most often found in open areas, such as pastures and fields. It is also cultivated for its gourd-like fruits, which may be hollowed and dried and used as containers for food and drink. In Central America, dried and painted gourd - like fruits are used by local people for making artisanal handicrafts such as piggy banks and ornaments.

Historical usage
The fruit plays a role in the Popol Vuh (book of myths of the Mayan civilization). After the first generation of hero twins, 1 Hunajpu and 7 Hunajpu, fail and are killed in the ball game in Xibalba, the demonic Xibalbans hang their skull in this tree. The skull later spits in the hand of the Xibalban princess Ixquic, thus impregnating her and begetting the second, successful generation of Maya Hero Twins.

The seeds are edible and high in protein with a licorice-like sweet taste, used in Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua to make a kind of horchata called semilla de jícaro.

References

 

alata
Flora of Central America
Flora of Southern Mexico
Trees of Belize
Trees of Costa Rica
Trees of El Salvador
Trees of Guatemala
Trees of Honduras
Trees of Mexico
Trees of Nicaragua
Taxa named by Carl Sigismund Kunth
Clyde's Adventure

Clyde's Adventure is a platform game released for IBM PC compatibles by Moonlite Software in 1992. Originally, Episode 1 was shareware, while Episode 2 was available only upon registration. Moonlite software has since released the entire game as freeware.

Gameplay
The objective of the game is to explore castles, collect gems, and find the exit. 

Clyde, the main character, has a supply of energy that depletes whenever he walks, jumps, or falls from a great height.  If his energy reaches 0, it causes Clyde to die with a shriek.  With no "enemies," Clyde's Adventure is predominantly a puzzle game.  The challenge comes from avoiding traps, using Clyde's magic wand to manipulate the environment, and finding the most efficient route before Clyde runs out of energy.

The game has two chapters, "Lost Treasure of Tahookaboo" and "The Vanished King", each containing 16 castles.

Legacy
A sequel, Clyde's Revenge, was released in 1995.

In 2012 there was an attempt to finance a version for modern platforms with new features, named Clyde's Adventure Reborn, via crowdfunding on Kickstarter.

References

External links

DOS games
DOS-only games
1992 video games
Video games developed in the United States
Lifesblood for the Downtrodden

Lifesblood for the Downtrodden is the eighth studio album by American sludge metal band Crowbar, released on February 8, 2005 through Candlelight Records. Its working title in 2004 had been You Don't Need an Enemy to Have a War. It is dedicated to the memory of guitarist Dimebag Darrell, who died after the band had recorded the album. The song "Coming Down" appeared on Fear Candy 13, a compilation CD issued by British extreme metal magazine Terrorizer.

Track listing

Music videos
 "Dead Sun" (filmed in Miami, Florida, around August 2004 and directed by John-Martin Vogel and Robert Lisman)
 "Slave No More" (filmed in Miami, Florida, on June 21, 2005 and directed by John-Martin Vogel)

Personnel
Crowbar
Kirk Windstein – vocals (tracks 1–11), rhythm guitar (tracks 1–10)
Steve Gibb – lead guitar, rhythm guitar (track 11)
Rex Brown – bass, acoustic guitar, keyboards
Craig Nunenmacher – drums

Additional musicians
 Sid Montz – piano on "Lifesblood"

Production
 Rex Brown – producer
 Warren Riker – producer, engineering, mixing
 Scott "Ish" Campbell – engineering, mixing (track 11)
 Brett "Cosmo" Thorngren – mastering

References

2005 albums
Crowbar (American band) albums
Candlelight Records albums
'Mamohato Bereng Seeiso

Mamohato Bereng Seeiso (née Princess Tabitha 'Masentle Lerotholi Mojela) (28 April 1941 – 6 September 2003) served as the Regent Head of State of Lesotho on three occasions: 5 June to 5 December 1970, 10 March to 12 November 1990 and 15 January to 7 February 1996.

Biography 
'Mamohato was born at Tebang, located in the District of Mafeteng. She was the youngest child of Lerotholi Mojela (1895–1961), Chief of Tsakholo.

The princess was sent to study at Bath Training College of Home Economics in the United Kingdom.

A year after the death of her father, she married Moshoeshoe II. During her reign, she helped improve children's education in Lesotho.

The queen died on September 6, 2003, of heart failure while at a Catholic retreat for the Order of Saint Cecilia at the Auray Mission in Mantsonyane.

Charity work and legacy 
There is a hospital named for her, the Queen 'Mamohato Memorial Hospital.

The queen, known as the "Mother of the Nation", created Hlokomela Bana ("Take Care of Children" in Sesotho) in the 1980s to provide care and support for some of the most vulnerable children in Lesotho. Hlokomela Bana works closely with principal chiefs to identify what support can be best provided to those who have lost their parents or are living with disabilities.

Family
She was the wife of King Moshoeshoe II and the mother of King Letsie III, Prince Seeiso and Princess Constance Christina 'Maseeiso.

Titles
1941–1962: Tabitha 'Masentle Lerotholi Mojela.
1962–1966: HRH Princess 'Mamohato Bereng Seeiso.
1966–1996: HM The Queen.
5 June – 5 December 1970, 10 March – 12 November 1990, 15 January – 7 February 1996: HM The Queen Regent
1996–2003: HM Queen 'Mamohato Bereng Seeiso, The Queen Mother

References

1941 births
2003 deaths
20th-century women rulers
20th-century regents
Female regents in Africa
Heads of state of Lesotho
House of Moshesh
Lesotho women in politics
Lesotho Christians
African queen mothers
4th Marine Logistics Group

The 4th Marine Logistics Group (4th MLG) is a reserve logistics unit of the United States Marine Corps.  The group is headquartered at New Orleans, Louisiana while its subordinate units are spread across the United States.

Mission
Provide general and direct support and sustained combat service support above the organic capabilities of the support element of the Marine Air-Ground Task Force  (MAGTF). These supported units may be in garrison, combat, and/or in separate locations. The MLG will Support the MAGTF in amphibious assaults and subsequent operations ashore

Current units
The 4th Marine Logistics Group (MLG) comprises a Headquarters and Service Battalion along with two Combat Logistics Regiments (CLR), each CLR contains two Combat Logistics Battalions. 4th MLG also contains an Engineer Support Battalion, a Medical Battalion, and a Dental Battalion:
Headquarters and Service Battalion (HSB)
 Combat Logistics Regiment 4 (CLR 4)
 Combat Logistics Battalion 23 (CLB 23)
 Combat Logistics Battalion 453 (CLB 453)
 Combat Logistics Regiment 45 (CLR 45)
 Combat Logistics Battalion 25 (CLB 25)
 Combat Logistics Battalion 451 (CLB 451)
 6th Engineer Support Battalion (6th ESB)
 4th Medical Battalion
 4th Dental Battalion

History
On 6 February 1966, the Headquarters of the 4th Force Service Support Regiment was activated at the Armed Forces Reserve Center in Midland, Texas. During January 1968, the headquarters relocated to the Marine Reserve Training Center, Orlando, Florida. The headquarters again relocated to the Navy and Marine Corps Reserve Training Center, Atlanta, Georgia during 1971. In May 1976, the unit was redesignated the 4th Force Service Support Group, Fleet Marine Force. In January 1987, the headquarters relocated to Marietta, Georgia. The flag of the 4th FSSG was moved to its present site in New Orleans in February 1992.

See also

 Organization of the United States Marine Corps
List of United States Marine Corps logistics groups

References

This article includes text in the public domain from the United States Marine Corps.

External links
 4th MLG's official website
Philippine trademark law

Republic Act No. 8293, otherwise known as the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines, defines a trademark as “any visible sign capable of distinguishing goods”. Early jurisprudence has taken it to mean “a sign, device or mark by which the articles produced or dealt in by a particular person or organization are distinguished or distinguishable from those produced or dealt in by others, and must be affixed to goods or articles”.

Defining concepts in trademark law

International sources
On September 27, 1965, the Philippines adopted pertinent provisions of the Lisbon Act of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property by reference as part of the Intellectual Property Code.  As a multilateral treaty, the Paris Convention seeks to “protect industrial property … and at the same time repress unfair competition”. It also “provides for the protection of internationally well-known marks” and “applications claiming the priority date of an earlier-filed application in Member Countries”.
	
Another treaty pertinent to intellectual property rights, particularly trademarks, is the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO), which the Philippines ratified on December 16, 1994, and which treaty took effect only on January 1, 1995. Annexed to this is the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) which aims to “reduce distortions … in international trade … promote effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights…. [and] adhere to minimum standards of protection set by several conventions.... The TRIPS Agreement seeks to grant adequate protection of intellectual property rights by creating a favorable economic environment to encourage the inflow of foreign investments, and strengthening the multilateral trading system to bring about economic, cultural, and technological independence.”

Statutory bases
The first trademark law in place in the Philippines was that which Queen Maria Cristina of Spain promulgated on October 26, 1888. This law accorded trademark rights to the person who registered first.   

This law was replaced on March 6, 1903 by Act No. 666 or the Trademark and Trade Name Law of the Philippine Islands, which abandoned prior registration in favor of actual use of the mark as the basis for trademark rights. The Philippines, being then a territory of the United States, incorporated into Act 666 principles upon which the U.S. trademark law was founded on. 

Republic Act No. 166 repealed Act 666 in 1946, and was itself expressly repealed on January 1, 1998 when Republic Act No. 8293 was enacted in compliance with the WTO TRIPS Agreement.

See also
 Constitution of the Philippines
 Intellectual property organization
 United Kingdom trademark law
 United States trademark law

References 

Trademark law by jurisdiction
Philippine legislation
Philippine intellectual property law
Gone (Kelly Clarkson song)

"Gone" is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson, from her second studio album, Breakaway (2004). Written by Kara DioGuardi and co-written and produced by John Shanks, "Gone" is a pop song about a woman leaving her lover in search for a better relationship. "Gone" was well received by music critics, though it garnered comparisons with similarly titled "Since U Been Gone". Two years after Breakaways release, "Gone" charted in the Billboard Pop 100 chart at number 77. Clarkson has also performed the song in concert tours, primarily during the Breakaway World Tour from 2005 to 2006 and the Stronger Tour in 2012.

Background and composition 
"Gone" was written by Kara DioGuardi and John Shanks, with Shanks also serving as the song's producer. It was one of the two collaborations by DioGuardi and Shanks for Kelly Clarkson's second studio album, Breakaway, along with "You Found Me". Written by in the key of D minor, "Gone" is a pop rock song with a length of 3 minutes and 25 seconds. Clarkson describes it as "feisty".

Critical response 
"Gone" received generally positive reviews from critics, who compared the song to  "Since U Been Gone", which is also a track from Breakaway. Charles Merwin of Stylus Magazine wrote that "Gone" "sounds like as though it's grafted the most tame version of Akufen, Christina Aguilera, and latin guitar on top of one another into a hugely satisfying pop masterpiece". The music site, Popservations.com, included it as one of "Clarkson's Best Non-Singles", they wrote that the song "has all the makings of another Clarkson smash, a solid pop-rock production (the stop-start guitar, the filtered drum loop as the chorus kicks in) in which she pointedly tells some loser ex that she's now 'Miss Independent'."

Credits and personnel 
Credits adapted from the Breakaway liner notes.

Recording
Recorded at Henson Recording Studios, Hollywood, California

Personnel

 Lead Vocals – Kelly Clarkson
 Production, Guitar, Keyboards – John Shanks
 Drums – Jeff Rothschild
 Bass – John Shanks, Paul Bushnell
 Mixing, Recording – John Shanks, Jeff Rothschild
 Pro-Tools engineering – John Hanes

 Assistance – Glenn Pittman
 Additional Engineering – Mark Valentine, Lars Fox
 Recording – Ryan Tedder, Craig Durrance
 Production coordination – Shari Sutclihe
 Songwriting – Kara DioGuardi, John Shanks

Charts

Cover versions 
Mexican pop band RBD released a Spanish cover of the song titled "Me Voy" for their second studio album, Nuestro Amor (2005). They would later re-record the original version in English for the Japanese edition of their first English-language studio album Rebels (2006).

References 

2004 songs
Kelly Clarkson songs
Songs written by Kara DioGuardi
Songs written by John Shanks
Song recordings produced by John Shanks
New Killer Star

"New Killer Star" is a song written and performed by David Bowie in 2003 for his album Reality. This was the first single from the album.

While it is uncertain what the song is really about (like other Bowie songs), the lyrics make oblique reference to life in post-9/11 New York City.  However the video clip, directed by Brumby Boylston of National Television, tells a surreal story using lenticular-postcard-like images of a spaceship almost crashing into the modern American heartland. Bowie himself said of the song: "I'm not a political commentator, but I think there are times when I'm stretched to at least implicate what's happening politically in the songs that I'm writing.  And there was some nod, in a very abstract way, toward the wrongs that are being made at the moment with the Middle Eastern situation. I think that song is a pretty good manifesto for the whole record."

The song title is a play on the words 'nuclear star'.

The b-side is a cover of Sigue Sigue Sputnik's "Love Missile F1-11"

Music video
The music video features lenticular images throughout.

Track listing

CD: ISO-Columbia / COL 674275 1 (Italy) 
 "New Killer Star" - 4:40
 "Love Missile F1-11"

CD: ISO-Columbia / 38K 3445 (Canada)
 "New Killer Star" (Edit) - 3:42
 "Love Missile F1-11"

DVD: ISO/Columbia COL 674275 9 (Austria)
 "New Killer Star (Video version)" - 3:40
 "Reality (Electronic Press Kit)"
 "Love Missile F1-11"

Charts

Personnel
According to Chris O'Leary:
 David Bowie – vocals, rhythm guitar, Korg Trinity, keyboards
 Earl Slick – guitar
 David Torn – guitar
 Gail Ann Dorsey – background vocals
 Sterling Campbell – drums
 Catherine Russell – background vocals
 Tony Visconti – bass
 Mark Plati – bass

Production
David Bowie – producer
Tony Visconti – producer, engineer
Mario J. McNulty – engineer

See also
 List of anti-war songs

References

2003 singles
Columbia Records singles
David Bowie songs
Music about the September 11 attacks
Songs written by David Bowie
Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti
JME

JME or Jme may refer to:

People
 Jme (born 1985), English grime MC and record producer
 J-Me (born 1985), Burmese rapper

Technology
 JME Molecule Editor, a Molecule Editor applet
 jMonkeyEngine, a Java scenegraph API

Other uses
 Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, a neurological disease
Trondhjem–Støren Line

The Trondhjem–Støren Line () was Trøndelag's first railway. It opened in 1864, ten years after the Trunk Line between Oslo and Eidsvoll opened. The 49 kilometer long (later 51.1 km) railway line was narrow gauged () and went between Trondheim and the Støren village in Midtre Gauldal municipality in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. The railway had its station, Trondhjem Kalvskinnet Station, in Prinsens gate, crossed the Nidelva river on a newly constructed railroad bridge to Elgeseter, the Elgeseter Bridge.

In 1877 the line was joined with the Røros Line, which went through the Østerdalen between Røros and Hamar. In 1884 the railway tracks were relocated to the west side of the Nidelva and joined with the Meråker Line and the new railway station at Brattøra, which had opened in 1882. This went through a tunnel at Nidareid to Brattøra. In 1918 new tracks were laid to Heimdal over Selsbakk.

Gauge conversion 

In 1921 the railway was converted to standard gauge and became a part of the Dovre Line.

See also 
 Rail transport in Norway
 List of gauge conversions
 Narrow gauge railways in Norway

References 

Railway lines in Trøndelag
Railway lines in Norway
Dovre Line
Røros Line
Railway lines opened in 1864
1864 establishments in Norway
Ilamchetchenni

Ilamchetchenni (Iḷamcēṭceṉṉi; ) was an early Tamil king of the Chola dynasty during the Sangam period. He was a great warrior and ruled the Chola kingdom with Uraiyur as the capital. He married a Velir princess from Alundur and their child was Karikala Chola. Ilamchetchenni Chola was succeeded by his son, Karikala Chola, who is considered one of the greatest among the Early Cholas.

Claims 
N.K. Sastri claims that this is the period when the Maurya dynasty established its empire from Persia to southern India.  Bindusara, son of Chandragupta Maurya, conquered much of India besides Kalinga and the Cholas. Fragmentary Sangam poems in the Purananuru state that Ilamchetchenni Cholan successfully resisted Mauryan invasion in the southern region of the Indian subcontinent. Sastri claims that Ilamchetchenni reigned from 501 BCE to 470 BCE, when the Cholas dominated the Chera and Pandya dynasties.

See also
 Early Cholas
 Chola dynasty
 History of India
 History of South India

Notes

References 
 Mudaliar, A.S, Abithana Chintamani (1931), Reprinted 1984 Asian Educational Services, New Delhi.
 Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1935). The CōĻas, University of Madras, Madras (Reprinted 1984).
 Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955). A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002).

Chola kings
4th-century BC Indian monarchs
Slammiversary (2006)

The 2006 Slammiversary was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, which took place on June 18, 2006 from the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the second event under the Slammiversary chronology and marked the fourth anniversary of the promotion. Seven professional wrestling matches were featured on the event's card.

In October 2017, with the launch of the Global Wrestling Network, the event became available to stream on demand.

Results

Six-man elimination match

King of the Mountain match statistics

References

External links
ImpactWrestling.com - the official website of Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
A recap of TNA Slammiversary 2006 at 411mania.com

Slammiversary
2006 in professional wrestling in Florida
Events in Orlando, Florida
Professional wrestling in Orlando, Florida
June 2006 events in the United States
2006 Total Nonstop Action Wrestling pay-per-view events
Serpent eel

The serpent eel or sand snake-eel (Ophisurus serpens) is an eel found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, western Mediterranean Sea, western Indian Ocean, western Pacific Ocean and the north-east and west coast of North Island in New Zealand. It is an elongated, slender fish with a length of up to 250 centimetres. It spends the day with its body immersed in the sediment, emerging into the open water at night.

Description
The serpent eel is an elongated slender fish, attaining a length of up to , with a maximum diameter of , although  is a more common total length. The long, tapering snout has the upper jaw longer than the lower jaw. The teeth are sharply pointed and are normally visible; the front nostril is halfway between the tip of the snout and the eye, and the hind nostril is protected by a valve and concealed in a groove closer to the eye. The gape extends as far back as the eye, which has an almond-shaped pupil during the day and a circular pupil at night. The branchial opening is small, and is positioned just in front of the short pectoral fins. Both the dorsal fin and the anal fin are long and low, starting well behind the pectoral fins; there are no pelvic fins or tail fin, and the lateral line is clearly demarcated. The general colour is pale brownish-green, with dark punctuations on the snout and often with silvery reflections on the flanks; the belly is pale. Juvenile fish have a less elongated snout, and are a silvery colour.

Distribution and habitat
The  serpent eel is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, where its range extends from Senegal to Portugal, and the Mediterranean Sea. It has also been recorded from other parts of the African coast and the Indian Ocean, as well as from Australia and New Zealand; this disjunct distribution may indicate that two similar species, looking much alike, are involved. It inhabits soft muddy and sandy sediments, mostly on the continental shelf, at depths down to about .

Biology
This fish is nocturnal, spending the day immersed in the sediment with just its head projecting. To bury itself, it wriggles its body and works its way into the sediment tail first. It shows marked fidelity to its burrow, having been observed using the same location for more than a month. It is seldom seen by day because of its secretive habits and cryptic colouration. At night it emerges to feed, the diet probably consisting of fish of a suitable size, and crustaceans.

References

External links 
 
 Serpent Eel @ Fishes of Australia

serpent eel
Fish of the East Atlantic
Marine fish of Africa
Fish of the Mediterranean Sea
Marine fish of Australia
Fish of the North Island
serpent eel
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Washington/Wells station

Washington/Wells is a station on the Chicago "L" system, located in downtown Chicago, Illinois on The Loop.  The station opened on July 17, 1995.  Washington/Wells is located a few blocks from several major attractions and business centers, such as Chicago City Hall, the Civic Opera House, and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The station is also three blocks east of Ogilvie Transportation Center, terminal for the Union Pacific North, Northwest, and West line Metra trains. The station is located between Washington and Madison on Wells Street in downtown Chicago.

History
The Washington/Wells station replaced two former Loop stations, Randolph/Wells and Madison/Wells. The CTA did the same on the Wabash side of the Loop, replacing Randolph/Wabash and Madison/Wabash with Washington/Wabash.

Station layout
The station is located  between Washington and Madison Streets and is constructed of steel and concrete, with wooden platforms. A large mezzanine is accessible by stairs just south of Washington on either side of Wells, and the station is also accessible via elevators. Just past several turnstiles are stairwells leading to the platform level; the easternmost stairs go to the Inner Loop platform while the westernmost go to the Outer Loop platform. Both platforms are also serviced by elevators. It is possible to go from one platform to the other without leaving the paid area, making Washington/Wells a transfer station. The platforms are from Washington to Madison; the platforms continues over Madison Street. There are auxiliary exits on both ends of both platforms to the east sides of Washington and Madison. Both platforms can handle eight-car trains, the longest on the CTA system.

Service
Washington/Wells serves the Brown Line (which travels counterclockwise on the Outer Loop track), and the Orange Line, Purple Line Express (weekday rush hours only), and Pink Line (which travel clockwise on the Inner Loop track).

Bus connections
CTA
  J14 Jeffery Jump 
  20 Madison (Owl Service) 
  37 Sedgwick (Weekdays only)
  56 Milwaukee 
  60 Blue Island/26th (Owl Service) 
  124 Navy Pier 
  157 Streeterville/Taylor (Weekdays only)

References

External links

Washington/Wells Station Page at Chicago-'L'.org
Brown Line Train schedules at CTA official site
Orange Line Train schedules at CTA official site
Purple Line Train schedules at CTA official site
Pink Line Train schedules at CTA official site
Washington Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
Madison Street closed entrance from Google Maps Street View

CTA Brown Line stations
CTA Orange Line stations
CTA Purple Line stations
CTA Pink Line stations
Historic American Engineering Record in Chicago
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1995
Duke Keomuka

Martin Hisao Tanaka (April 22, 1921 – June 30, 1991) was an American professional wrestler better known as Duke Keomuka. He is the father of wrestler Pat Tanaka and referee Jimmy Tanaka.

Biography
Because he was a Japanese American in California during World War II, Tanaka was interned at Manzanar following the signing of Executive Order 9066.

In the 1950s, Keomuka formed a very successful tag team with Hiro Matsuda. Keomuka was also a top wrestler in the 1950s and the 1960s while competing in Texas before settling in Florida.

Keomuka died on June 30, 1991, at the age of 70. His son was scheduled for a match teaming up with Paul Diamond (who at the time worked as Kato of the Orient Express tag team) to take on Haku and The Barbarian but didn't arrive as his father died the day before the match, so his manager Mr. Fuji took his place.

Championships and achievements
50th State Big Time Wrestling
NWA Hawaii Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Championship Wrestling from Florida
NWA World Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (4 times) - with Hiro Matsuda
Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling
NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Mid-Atlantic version) (2 times) - with Mr. Moto
Midwest Wrestling Association
MWA Ohio Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Sato Keomuka
Southwest Sports, Inc. / Big Time Wrestling
NWA Brass Knuckles Championship (1 time)
NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (6 times)
NWA Texas Tag Team Championship (14 times) - with Danny Savich (5), Ivan Kalmikoff (1), Mr. Moto (2), Don Evans (1), Tiny Mills (1), Kinji Shibuya (1), Tony Martin (1), Tokyo Joe (1) and John Tolos (1)
NWA World Tag Team Championship (6 times) - with Taro Miyaki (2), Mr. Moto (1), Tony Martin (1), Antonio Inoki (1) and Fritz Von Erich (1)

References

External links
 

1921 births
1991 deaths
American male professional wrestlers
American sportspeople of Japanese descent
Japanese-American internees
Professional wrestlers from California
Professional wrestling promoters
WCWA Brass Knuckles Champions
20th-century professional wrestlers
NWA World Tag Team Champions (Florida version)
NWA Texas Heavyweight Champions
NWA World Tag Team Champions (Texas version)
Melodious blackbird

The melodious blackbird (Dives dives) is a New World tropical bird.

Description 
The adult is a medium-sized blackbird with a rounded tail. The male is  long and weighs . The slightly smaller female is  long and weighs . The adult plumage is entirely black with a bluish gloss, and the bill, legs and feet are also black. The iris is brown. Females are identically plumaged to the males; young birds are brownish black and lack iridescence. There are no subspecies.

Voice 
The song is a duet between pairs, with a see note, followed by a whit and a northern cardinal-like whistle. The call is a metallic .

Distribution and habitat 
D. dives is a resident breeder from coastal eastern and south-eastern Mexico to Costa Rica. Its range is expanding. El Salvador was colonized in the 1950s, and eastern Guatemala in the 1960s. Prior to 1989 there was only one Costa Rican record, but it is now easily seen at least as far south as San José, and it is expected to colonize Panama.

The melodious blackbird inhabits a wide range of habitats, but avoids dense forest and thick undergrowth. It has adapted to human habitation and can be seen in gardens and on lawns. The melodious blackbird forages mainly on the ground for insects but will also take nectar and ripening maize ears as well as other plants, such as the fruits of the gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba) and Trophis racemosa.

Behaviour

Breeding 
Breeding birds are highly territorial, and adults will attack predators like the brown jay, but small flocks form outside the nesting season. A breeding pair will give a display in which each bird spreads its tail, extends its wings, and ruffles its plumage.

Both sexes build a cup nest of plant material  high in a bush or tree and line it with mud and dung. The female lays three or four brown-blotched blue eggs, which she incubates alone, although the male helps with feeding the chicks. This species is not known to be parasitised by cowbirds, which presumably has also contributed to its success.

Status 
This species has benefited from deforestation, which has allowed its rapid range expansion through the creation of suitable habitat.

References

Further reading

 Jaramillo, Alvaro & Burke, Peter (1999): New World Blackbirds. Christopher Helm, London. 
 Stiles, F. Gary & Skutch, Alexander Frank (1989): A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Comistock, Ithaca.

External links

 
 
Photo and article at birdguatemala.org
 

melodious blackbird
Birds of Central America
Birds of Mexico
Birds of the Yucatán Peninsula
Birds of Belize
Birds of Guatemala
Birds of Honduras
Birds of El Salvador
Birds of Nicaragua
Birds of Costa Rica
melodious blackbird
melodious blackbird
Jacquinia pungens

Jacquinia pungens (syn. Jacquinia macrocarpa subsp. pungens) is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae, native to southern Mexico. It is a shrub growing to 4 m tall, with lanceolate to oblong evergreen leaves 4–7 cm long, with a sharply pointed apex. The flowers are yellow, orange, or red, produced in tight racemes. The fruit is a yellow berry.

Images

Primulaceae
Flora of Mexico