alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Thinking outside the box

Thinking outside the box (also thinking out of the box or thinking beyond the box and, especially in Australia, thinking outside the square) is a metaphor that means to think differently, unconventionally, or from a new perspective. The phrase also often refers to novel or creative thinking.

History

The origin of the phrase is unclear. "Think beyond the boundary"-metaphors, that is, metaphors that allude to think differently or with less constraints, seem to have an old history. For example, in 1888, The Annual Register records the phrase think outside the lines.

Since at least 1954, the nine dots puzzle has been used as a metaphor of the type "think beyond the boundary". Early phrasings include go outside the dots (1954), breakthrough thinking that gets outside the nine-dot square (1959), and what are the actual boundaries of the problem? (1963).

In 1969, Norman Vincent Peale writes this in an article for the Chicago Tribune, quote:

In 1970, the phrase think outside the dots appears without mentioning the nine dots puzzle.

Finally, in 1971, the specific phrase think outside the box is attested, again appearing together with the nine dots puzzle. In 1976, the phrase is used in England and 1978 in the USA, both without mentioning the nine dots puzzle.

Beyond the above attestations, there are several unconfirmed accounts of how the phrase got introduced. According to Martin Kihn, it goes back to management consultants in the 1970s and 1980s challenging their clients to solve the "nine dots" puzzle. According to John Adair, he introduced the nine dots puzzle in 1969, from which the saying comes. According to The Creative Thinking Association of America, Mike Vance popularized the phrase "thinking out of the box". Moreover, it is claimed that the use of the nine-dot puzzle in consultancy circles stems from the corporate culture of the Walt Disney Company, where the puzzle was used in-house.

See also
 Egg of Columbus
 Einstellung effect
 Eureka effect
 Functional fixedness
 Gordian Knot
 Kobayashi Maru
 Lateral thinking

References

Further reading
   (more solutions to the nine dots problem - with less than 4 lines!)

External links

 Out-of-the-box vs. outside the box citing Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (OALD), Word of the Month

Creativity
Problem solving skills
Systems thinking
HD 187085

HD 187085 is a yellow–hued star in the southern constellation of Sagittarius. It is too faint to be visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of +7.225. The star is located at a distance of approximately 1,010 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +18 km/s.

This is an ordinary G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G0V, which means it is generating energy through core hydrogen fusion. It is younger than the Sun with an estimated age of 2.7 billion years and is spinning with a leisurely rotation period of around 21 days. The star is 27% larger and 19% more massive than the Sun. It is radiating 2.3 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,117 K.

In 2006, an extrasolar planet was announced orbiting HD 187085, with a minimum mass slightly below that of the planet Jupiter. It is orbiting the host star with a period of around . The orbit overlaps the habitable zone of this star. In 2009, the presence of an infrared excess was announced, suggesting a debris disk orbits the star.

See also
 HD 188015
 HD 20782
 List of extrasolar planets

References

External links
 

G-type main-sequence stars
Planetary systems with one confirmed planet
Circumstellar disks
Sagittarius (constellation)
Durchmusterung objects
187085
097546
Alder Gulch

Alder Gulch (alternatively called Alder Creek) is a place in the Ruby River valley, in the U.S. state of Montana, where gold was discovered on May 26, 1863, by William Fairweather and a group of men including Barney Hughes, Thomas Cover, Henry Rodgers, Henry Edgar and Bill Sweeney who were returning to the gold fields of Grasshopper Creek, Bannack, Montana. They were on their way to Yellowstone Country from Bannack but were waylaid by a band of Crow Indians. After being ordered out of Crow hunting grounds, they crossed the East Slope of the Tobacco Root Mountains and camped for the night in Elk Park, where William "Bill" Fairweather and Henry Edgar discovered gold, while the remaining party was out hunting for meat. Agreeing to keep the new discovery quiet the group of miners returned to the town of Bannack for supplies. However, word leaked out about the new strike, and miners followed the Fairweather party out of town. The party stopped at the Point of Rocks, part way between Bannack and Alder Gulch, and established the Fairweather Mining District in a miners meeting. It was agreed that the discoverers were entitled to two claims and first choice. The first stampede of miners reached Alder Gulch June 6, 1863, and the population swelled to over 10,000 in less than 3 months.  The "Fourteen Mile City" ran the length of the gulch, and included the towns of Junction City, Adobe Town, Nevada City, Central City, Virginia City, Montana, Bear Town, Highland, Pine Grove French Town, Hungry Hollow, and Summit. Upon arrival the miners lived in brush wickiups, dugouts and under overhanging rocks until cabins could be built. The first structure built in Virginia City was the Mechanical Bakery. Virginia City, and Nevada City were the centers of commerce during the height of the Alder Gulch gold rush. In the first year the area had over 10,000 people living there. Montana Territory was established in May 1864, and the first territorial capital was Bannack. The capital then moved to Virginia City, where it remained until 1875.   The Alder Gulch diggings were the richest gold placer deposits ever discovered, and in three years $30,000,000 was taken from them, with $10,000,000 taken out in the first year.  Nowadays, except during summertime, the streets of Virginia City are usually quiet and relatively few visitors find their way to the 16 ton granite monument that marks the spot of that incredible discovery of May 26, 1863.

Alder Gulch is named for the alder bushes that grew along the creek.

References

Sources
 Dictionary of American History 11 by James Truslow Adams, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940

External links 
  Brief Alder Gulch information
  Montana Heritage Commission website

American gold rushes
Landmarks in Montana
Geography of Madison County, Montana
Mining in Montana
Waswanipi, Quebec

Waswanipi () is a Cree community in the Eeyou Istchee territory of central Quebec, Canada, located along Route 113 and near the confluence of the Chibougamau and Waswanipi Rivers. It has a population of 459 people (Canada 2021 Census). Waswanipi is a compound word composed of wâswân (a place to fish at night using a torch) and -pî (lake), meaning "torch-fishing lake" but colloquially translated as "light over the water" referring to the traditional night-time fishing method of luring fish to light by using torches.

The original location of the village was on an island in Lake Waswanipi (). It was the site of a Hudson's Bay Company trading post until 1965 when the post was closed. Its residents dispersed until 1978 when the new village of Waswanipi was built about 47 km upstream the Waswanipi River from the former location.

Languages Spoken
Waswanipi is a trilingual community, the majority of its residences speaking the Southern East Cree dialect of the Cree language. Aside from the elderly people, who tend to be monolingual Cree speakers, the majority of the population speaks, in addition to Cree, either English or French, some speaking both.

Education 
The Cree School Board operates two schools: Willie J. Happyjack Memorial School (ᐧᐃᓖ ᒉᐄ ᐦᐋᐲᒑᒃ ᒋᔅᑯᑕᒫᒉᐅᑲᒥᒄ) and Rainbow Elementary School (ᐲᓯᒧᔮᐲ ᒋᔅᑯᑕᒫᒉᐅᑲᒥᒄ), along with Jolina Gull-Blacksmith Memorial School.  Happyjack has 536 students.

See also
Grand Council of the Crees

References

External links
Official Site of Waswanipi
Info on Waswanipi by Municipality of Baie-James

Cree villages in Quebec
Innu communities in Quebec
Hudson's Bay Company trading posts
Eeyou Istchee (territory)
Volgogradsky Prospekt (Moscow Metro)

Volgogradsky Prospekt () is a Moscow Metro station in the Nizhegorodsky District, South-Eastern Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line, between Proletarskaya and Kuzminki stations. Volgogradsky Prospekt was opened on 31 December 1966 as part of the Zhadovsky radius and is named after the nearby Avenue that leads on from the centre of Moscow into an intercity highway all the way to the southwest of Russia, although not directly to Volgograd. The station was built to a slight modification of the standard 1960s pillar-trispan decoration showing the first signs of innovative design, as architects V. Polikarpova and A. Marova did. The platform is narrowed (as the station was never designed to carry large passenger crowds). The white ceramic tiles on the walls are arranged on 45 degrees to the platform and are decorated with metallic artworks out of anodized aluminium depicting the Battle of Stalingrad (artist E. Ladygin). The pillars are faced with white marble whilst the floor with grey granite. The station has two underground vestibules with glazed concrete pavilions which allow passengers access to the Talalikhin and Novostapovskaya streets as well as directly to the AZLK automobile plant..

External links
metro.ru
mymetro.ru
KartaMetro.info — Station location and exits on Moscow map (English/Russian)

Moscow Metro stations
Railway stations in Russia opened in 1966
Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line
Railway stations located underground in Russia
Emu Ridge, Australian Capital Territory

Emu Ridge is a housing estate in the suburb of Belconnen, located in the district of Belconnen, in Canberra, within the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) of Australia. Emu Ridge is bounded by Benjamin Way, College Street, Eastern Valley Way and Belconnen Way; Hennessy Street and Condell Street are the two main thoroughfares, with many cul-de-sacs off these.

Nomenclature

Many people consider Emu Ridge to be a suburb name, and it is widely used in Canberra, even on some (though not most) official maps. It does not, however, have any official standing as a place name. There are other instances of estate names becoming de facto suburb names in Canberra, such as Gleneagles, in the suburb of Kambah, Harcourt Hill, in the suburb of Nicholls, and Swinger Hill in the suburb of Phillip. These are all discrete estates within larger suburbs, but none of these names have been officially gazetted by the Australian Capital Territory Government. In recent years an application was made to the ACT Government by residents of Swinger Hill to have their estate name officially recognised as a suburb name, but this was rejected. The ACT Government has, however, erected official suburb signs for Swinger Hill, which it has not done for other estates.

Emu Ridge became especially popular as a name because in Belconnen's case "Belconnen" has been used as the name of the entire district, as well as the central suburb in that district. This has also happened in Canberra's newest district Gungahlin, to Belconnen's north. Other urban districts in Canberra have names for their central suburbs – or town centre suburbs – that are different from the district's name: Phillip in Woden Valley, Greenway in Tuggeranong, and Weston in Weston Creek; Civic, or City, is considered the centre of North Canberra (and Canberra as a whole), while no one suburb is readily identifiable as South Canberra's centre, although Manuka – a shopping precinct in the suburbs of Griffith and Forrest, Forrest – may be considered by many to be that district's centre.

Political representation 

For the purposes of Australian federal elections for the House of Representatives, Emu Ridge is in Fenner.

For the purposes of Australian Capital Territory elections for the ACT Legislative Assembly, Emu Ridge is in the Ginninderra electorate.

References

Suburbs of Canberra
Jean-Baptiste Mondino

Jean-Baptiste Mondino (born Aubervilliers, France on 21 July 1949) is a French fashion photographer and music video director. He has directed music videos for Madonna, David Bowie, Sting, Björk, Don Henley, Neneh Cherry, Axel Bauer and Les Rita Mitsouko.  Mondino has also photographed the covers and album packaging for the Marianne Faithfull albums Before The Poison (2005) and Easy Come, Easy Go  (2008), Shakespear's Sister's Hormonally Yours (1992), Alain Bashung's Osez Joséphine (1991), Chatterton (1994), Mylène Farmer's Désobéissance (2018), J.'s We Are the Majority (1992) and Prince's Lovesexy (1988). He also designed the titles for the Anglo-French TV music show Rapido. 

The video for Don Henley's "The Boys of Summer", which Mondino directed, swept the MTV Video Music Awards in 1985, winning "Best Video", "Best Direction", "Best Art Direction" and "Best Cinematography". This video paired him with compatriot cinematographer, Pascal Lebègue, with whom he would later shoot several other notable music videos in black and white, such as "Russians" for Sting and "Justify My Love" for Madonna.

Music video filmography

See also 
 Fashion
 Fashion on the Internet

References

External links
Official website
Mondino Monde: The Work Of Jean-Baptiste Mondino

Watch Mondino's video for C'est comme ça (Les Rita Mitsouko)
Interview with Lumiere magazine

1949 births
Living people
French people of Italian descent
People from Aubervilliers
Fashion photographers 
French music video directors
French photographers
Alphadelphia Association

Alphadelphia Association was a Fourierist commune established near Galesburg, Michigan, in Comstock township, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, in 1844. A German, Dr. H. R. Schetterly, was the leader. Three thousand acres (12 km2) of land were purchased, and a large mansion was built. At one time probably 300 members were admitted. The common property was valued at $43,897.21 in 1846. It was disbanded in 1848.

Two of the primary founders were the Rev. Richard Thornton, and the Rev. James Billings, both Universalist preachers. They published the Association's paper, the Alphadelphia Tocsin, from 1844 to 1846.

References

Kalamazoo County, Michigan
Intentional communities in the United States
Populated places established in 1844
1844 establishments in Michigan
1848 disestablishments in Michigan
Washington State Community College

Washington State Community College (WSCC) is a public community college in Marietta, Ohio. It was established in 1971 as Washington Technical College and moved to its current location in 1991.

Notable alumni
Travis Flores - Children's book author, actor, and activist

References

External links
Official website

Community colleges in Ohio
Universities and colleges established in 1971
Buildings and structures in Marietta, Ohio
Education in Washington County, Ohio
1971 establishments in Ohio
Ray Aguilar

Ray Aguilar (born October 24, 1947) is an American politician and businessman serving as a member of the Nebraska Legislature from the 35th district. His appointment in 1999 made him the first Latino in the legislature. In November 2020, Aguilar defeated sitting Senator Dan Quick to regain his seat in legislature. Aguilar is a member of the Republican Party.

Early life and education
Aguilar was born in Grand Island, Nebraska. He graduated from Grand Island Senior High School in 1965 and attended Central Community College.

Career 
Aguilar worked as building and grounds supervisor for Grand Island Central Catholic middle and high school. He later owned a janitorial service, which he operated at the time of his departure from the Nebraska legislature.

In 1996, mayor Ken Gnadt appointed Aguilar to the Grand Island city council to serve the five months remaining in the term of a councilman who had moved outside the city limits. In 1998, Aguilar ran for election to the same council seat; he was defeated by incumbent Bob Sorensen, who received 892 votes to Aguilar's 850.

In 1999, governor Mike Johanns appointed Aguilar to fill a vacancy in the Nebraska Legislature, created by the resignation of Chris Peterson. Upon taking his seat, he became the first Latino in the Legislature.

In 2000, Aguilar ran for election to the seat. In the nonpartisan primary, Aguilar, a Republican, ran against Democrat Lonnie Logan, a member of the Hall County Board of Supervisors, and Libertarian Larry Gibreal, a realtor. When the primary election was held, Aguilar received 4183 votes, or 62.2% of the total; Logan received 2200 votes, or 32.7%; and Gibreal received 342 votes, or 5.1%. As the top two vote-getters, Aguilar and Logan moved on to the general election, in which Aguilar won the seat with 8090 votes, or 73.1% of the total; Logan received 2946 votes, or 26.6%; and there were 31 write-in votes, constituting 0.3%.

In 2004, Aguilar ran unopposed for a second four-year term in the legislature. Under Nebraska's term-limits law, he was ineligible to run for a third consecutive term in 2008. He was succeeded in the Legislature by Mike Gloor, a Republican from Grand Island.

In 2020, Aguilar announced his candidacy to return to the Nebraska Legislature. With 12,295 votes counted in Hall County, Aguilar won the seat back from State Senator Dan Quick with 53.4% of the vote, according to preliminary unofficial results.

Personal life 
He and his wife, Susan Ann Aguilar, have nine children.

References

1947 births
Hispanic and Latino American state legislators
Living people
People from Grand Island, Nebraska
Republican Party Nebraska state senators
Character Map (Windows)

Character Map is a utility included with Microsoft Windows operating systems and is used to view the characters in any installed font, to check what keyboard input (Alt code) is used to enter those characters, and to copy characters to the clipboard in lieu of typing them. Other operating systems have apps which do the same things that Character Map does; for example, Apple MacOS Character Viewer (formerly Character Palette).

Overview
The tool is usually useful for entering special characters. It can be opened via the command-line interface or Run command dialog using the 'charmap' command.

The Advanced view check box can be used to inspect the character sets in a font according to different encodings (code pages), including Unicode code ranges, to locate particular characters by their Unicode code point and to search for characters by their Unicode name. For Unicode fonts, the characters can be grouped by their Unicode subrange. Although the Unicode standard already extends character field to plane 16 and many codepoints of plane 1 are assigned with characters, this tool still only supports code points on plane 0 (between U+0000 and U+FFFF). Additionally, it does not display certain characters in that range for reasons unexplained.

With all versions of Windows the utility can be started by entering charmap in the Start / Run dialog box.
On Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7, the utility is in All Programs → Accessories → System Tools → Character Map in the Start Menu. On Windows 10, the utility is in the Windows Accessories folder in the Start Menu. Beginning with Windows Vista, the user can also type the name of the utility in the Start Menu search box/Cortana.

A secondary character map program is accessible in a text field on Windows 10 computers, using the keyboard shortcut , or the  key in Windows 10's virtual touch keyboard, which is mainly used for the purposes of using emoji, but also allows access to a smaller set of special characters.

The Windows NT series of operating systems from Workstation and Server 4.0 build 1381 and the Windows 9x-series from Windows 95 onwards also contain the character map, as do versions of Windows CE using a GUI based on these systems' explorer.exe, introduced with Windows 95.  Another version of the character map is found in the Progman.exe-based Windows 3.11 and Windows NT 3.51.

Other operating systems

Other operating systems such as some Unix-Linux variants with GUIs, the HP-48 series graphing calculators and others also have a similar accessory.

The OS/2 analogue of the character map called the Characters Map is available from third parties for systems from OS/2 Warp 3 onwards to current ArcaOS versions. The MacOS version is included in the Font Book app, and is shown when viewing the "Repertoire" of a font. A Linux GNUstep character map application, "Charmap", is developed by GNU Savannah.

See also
 gucharmap (GNOME Character Map)
 BabelMap (includes tools for entering Chinese characters)

References

External links
Character Map Utility Windows XP and Vista
Using special characters (Character Map): frequently asked questions

Windows components
Sam Easton

Sam Easton (born October 4, 1979) is a Canadian actor.

Biography
Easton was born in  Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He studied at Humber College, winning the Phil Hartman Comedy Award for best student in 2000  Later that same year he was nominated for the Tim Sims Award.  Easton has had supporting roles in The L Word,  Underclassman, Final Destination 3, and Howie Do It

Filmography

References

External links
 Sammy Easton on ComedyNightLife.com
 

1979 births
Living people
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Male actors from Vancouver
21st-century Canadian male actors
Humber College alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
Amelia Island affair

The Amelia Island affair was an episode in the history of Spanish Florida.

The Embargo Act (1807) and the abolition of the American slave trade (1808) made Amelia Island, on the coast of northeastern Florida under Spanish rule, a resort for smugglers with sometimes as many as 150 ships in its harbor. In June, 1817, Gregor MacGregor, a Scottish adventurer styling himself the "Brigadier General of the United Provinces of New Granada and Venezuela, and General-in-Chief of the Armies of the Two Floridas", came to Amelia Island. A peripatetic military adventurer, MacGregor, purportedly commissioned by Simón Bolívar, had raised funds and troops for a full-scale invasion of Florida, but squandered much of the money on luxuries. As word of his conduct in the South American independence wars reached the United States, many of the recruits in his invasion force deserted. MacGregor led an army of 150 men, including recruits from Charleston and Savannah, some War of 1812 veterans, and 55 musketeers, in an assault of Fort San Carlos on June 29, 1817. The commander, Francisco Morales, struck the Spanish flag and fled. MacGregor raised his flag, the "Green Cross of Florida", a green cross on a white ground, over the fort and proclaimed the "Republic of the Floridas". On September 4, faced with the threat of Spanish reprisal, and lacking money and adequate reinforcements, MacGregor abandoned his plans to conquer Florida and departed Fernandina for the Bahamas with most of his officers, leaving a small detachment of men at Fort San Carlos. The garrison and a force of American irregulars, organized by Bram Yasho and former Pennsylvania congressman Jared Irwin, repelled the Spanish attempt to reassert authority.

His followers were soon joined by Louis-Michel Aury, formerly associated with MacGregor in South American adventures, and previously one of the leaders of a group of buccaneers on Galveston Island, Texas. After assuming control of Amelia, Aury created an administrative body called the "Supreme Council of the Floridas", directed his secretaries Pedro Gual Escandón and Vicente Pazos Kanki to draw up a constitution, and invited all Florida to unite in throwing off the Spanish yoke. For the few months that Aury controlled Amelia Island, the flag of the revolutionary Republic of Mexico was flown. This was the flag of his supposed clients who were still fighting the Spanish in their war for independence at the time.  The United States, which had plans to annex the peninsula, sent a naval force which captured Amelia Island on December 23, 1817. In his December 2, 1817, message to the 15th United States Congress, President James Monroe described the affair as "a mere private, unauthorized adventure":

References 

Conflicts in 1817
1817 in the United States
Spanish Florida
United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
Amelia Island Affair
June 1817 events
Amelia Island
Ecstasia Sanders

Ecstasia Lenore Sanders is an American-Canadian actress. She's known for her supporting roles in Final Destination 3 (2006) and Dr. Dolittle 3 (2006).

Early life 
The daughter of performers, Ecstasia Sanders was born in San Diego, California. At an early age, her family moved to Vancouver, British Columbia. Sanders initially appeared in commercials at an early age, before moving to other acting roles. She is currently studying at the Lyric School of Acting.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links 
 Ecstasia Sanders on Facebook
 Ecstasia Sanders on Instagram
 

1985 births
Actresses from San Diego
Actresses from Vancouver
Canadian child actresses
Canadian film actresses
Canadian television actresses
Living people
Black Canadian actresses
Canadian people of African-American descent
American emigrants to Canada
Arnie Risen

Arnold Denny "Stilts" Risen (October 9, 1924 – August 4, 2012) was an American professional basketball player.

A 6'9" (2.06 m) center, he led the Ohio State University Buckeyes to two straight Final Four appearances. Risen had transferred to Ohio State from Eastern Kentucky State Teacher's College.

Risen played professionally in the NBA for ten seasons (1948–1958) as a member of the Rochester Royals and Boston Celtics. Risen was a four-time All-Star and two-time NBA Champion, and he scored 7,633 points in his NBA career. He was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1998, Ohio State's Varsity "O" Hall of Fame in 2004, the College Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006, and the Ohio Basketball Hall of Fame in 2008. Because he settled in Beachwood, Ohio, after his professional career, he was also inducted into the Greater Cleveland Sports Hall of Fame in 2008.

Risen died in Beachwood on August 4, 2012, at the age of 87.

BAA/NBA career statistics

Regular season

Playoffs

References

External links

Risen's Basketball Hall of Fame page

1924 births
2012 deaths
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Kentucky
Boston Celtics players
Centers (basketball)
Eastern Kentucky Colonels men's basketball players
Indianapolis Kautskys players
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
National Basketball Association All-Stars
National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball players
People from Williamstown, Kentucky
Rochester Royals players
Sportspeople from the Cincinnati metropolitan area
Tom Baker (Nebraska politician)

Thomas C. Baker (born 1948)  is a politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska.  He served two terms in the Nebraska Legislature from 1999 to 2007.

Baker was born on August 24, 1948, in McCook, Nebraska. He graduated from Trenton High School in 1966, and from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 1971 with a B.S. in agronomy with a secondary teaching certificate in science.

In the 1998 election, he defeated Steven D. Smith for the seat in the legislature vacated by Owen Elmer, representing the 44th Nebraska legislative district.  In 2002, he ran unopposed for re-election.  Nebraska's term-limits law prevented his running for a third consecutive term in 2006, and he was replaced by Mark Christensen.  In 2007, he was appointed by governor Dave Heineman to the state Board of Educational Lands and Funds. He resigned from the Board in 2009 to run for his old seat in the legislature, but lost to Christensen in the 2010 election.

In the legislature, Baker sat on the Revenue and Rules committees and was chairperson of the Transportation and Telecommunications Committee.

References

External links
 

1948 births
Living people
Nebraska state senators
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
People from Hitchcock County, Nebraska
People from McCook, Nebraska
Susan Roosevelt Weld

Susan Roosevelt Weld is an American educator who is a former professor at Harvard specializing in ancient Chinese civilization and law.  She also was General Counsel to the Congressional-Executive Commission on China.  She was the First Lady of Massachusetts from 1991 until 1997.

Career

Weld is currently an Adjunct Professor and Executive Director of the Law Asia Leadership program at Georgetown University Law School. She serves on the Advisory Council of the US-China Education Trust.

Personal life and ancestry 
She is the daughter of Quentin Roosevelt II, and Frances Blanche Webb, and granddaughter of Theodore Roosevelt Jr., great-granddaughter of Theodore Roosevelt. She is the grand-niece of Kermit Roosevelt, Quentin Roosevelt, Archibald Roosevelt, Ethel Roosevelt Derby and Alice Roosevelt Longworth.

She graduated from Radcliffe College of Harvard University in 1970, from Harvard Law School in 1974, and from Harvard University with a PhD, in 1990, in East Asian Languages and Civilizations.

She was married to former Massachusetts governor William Weld from July 7, 1975, until she divorced him in 2002.
She is the mother of five children by Weld: David Minot, Ethel Derby, Mary Blake, Quentin Roosevelt and Frances Wylie.

She is a second cousin of her former husband's opponent in the 1994 Massachusetts gubernatorial race, Mark Roosevelt, grandson of her grandfather's brother Kermit Roosevelt.

Selected works

Books
Covenant in Jin's Walled Cities: The Discoveries at Houma and Wenxian,  Harvard University Press, 1990.

References

See also
 Weld family

 
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Roosevelt family
Schuyler family
First ladies and gentlemen of Massachusetts
American people of Dutch descent
Harvard University faculty
Bulloch family
Radcliffe College alumni
Georgetown University Law Center faculty
Harvard Law School alumni
Tiger Trap

Tiger Trap was an American twee-pop foursome composed of high school friends Angela Loy and Rose Melberg, with Heather Dunn and Jen Braun. The group recorded for K Records. The name "Tiger Trap" comes from the very first Calvin and Hobbes cartoon, and was used prior to the formation of the band by Rose Melberg for a solo set in 1991 at the first night of the International Pop Underground Convention, Love Rock Revolution Girl Style Now, inspiring the Beat Happening song of the same name. Formed in Sacramento, California in 1992, they managed to garner something of a cult following before disbanding only a year later. Their last concert took place at Bottom of the Hill, San Francisco, in December 1993. Bands they played with include Heavenly, Unwound, Shadowy Men on a Shadowy Planet, Girl Trouble, Mecca Normal, Beat Happening, and Tsunami.

Along with Beat Happening, Lois, Tullycraft, and Black Tambourine, Tiger Trap is considered to be one of the most influential bands of the American twee pop movement.  Melberg went on to become a solo artist as well as playing with the bands The Softies, Go Sailor, and Gaze.  Dunn went on to play drums with Lois, the reformed Raincoats, and Dub Narcotic Sound System.

Discography

Singles & EPs
 "Words and Smiles" from a split 7-inch with Bratmobile (Four Letter Words Records, 1992)
 "Supercrush" b/w "You and Me" and "Hiding" (released as volume 36 of the International Pop Underground series, 1993)
 Sour Grass EP (K Records, 1993)
 "Alien Space Song" from split single with Henry's Dress (Slumberland Records, 1994)

Studio albums
 Tiger Trap (K Records, 1993)

Compilations and other appearances
 "Baby Blue", from Julep (Another Yoyo Studio Compilation) (Yoyo Recordings, 1993)
 "Hiding" re-released on the International Hip Swing compilation [assembled of songs from the International Pop Underground singles series] (K Records, 1993)
"Supreme Nothing", from the Stars Kill Rock compilation (Kill Rock Stars, 1992)
 "Girl with a Guitar" from The Blood Orgy of the Leather Girls soundtrack (Planet Pimp Records, PPR-009, 1994)

References

External links
 [ Tiger Trap at allmusic]

All-female bands
Indie pop groups from California
Indie rock musical groups from California
K Records artists
Musical groups from Sacramento, California
Musical groups established in 1992
Drayton Valley Thunder

The Drayton Valley Thunder is a junior ice hockey team in the Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL).  The Thunder are members of the Canadian Junior Hockey League and are eligible to compete for the Doyle Cup and National Junior A Championship. They play in Drayton Valley, Alberta, Canada, at the Drayton Valley Omni-Plex.

History
In 1998, The Drayton Valley Thunder were awarded as an expansion franchise in the Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL) and began play in the South Division for the 1998–99 season. One year after finishing sixth in the South, ahead of only their fellow expansion team Crowsnest Pass Timberwolves, the Thunder improved in their second season and won the division. The addition of other expansion teams shifted the Thunder into the North Division in 2000–01, where they won another division title.

In 2002, the Thunder captured the Rogers Wireless Cup as AJHL champions.  The Thunder lost to the Chilliwack Chiefs of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) in the Doyle Cup Pacific Junior A Championship.

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T/OTL = Ties/Overtime losses, SOL = Shootout losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

NHL alumni

Matt Berlin
Clarke MacArthur
Kael Mouillierat
Darren Reid
Ben Scrivens
Nick Tarnasky

See also
 List of ice hockey teams in Alberta

References

External links
Drayton Valley Thunder website
Alberta Junior Hockey League website

Alberta Junior Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Alberta
Ice hockey clubs established in 1998
1998 establishments in Alberta
Big Hits and Nasty Cuts

Big Hits and Nasty Cuts: The Best of Twisted Sister is a greatest hits compilation by American heavy metal band, Twisted Sister. It was released in 1992 by Atlantic Recording Corporation for the United States and by WEA International Inc. for the rest of the world. The track list consists solely of songs from their first three albums, omitting any material from Come Out and Play and Love Is for Suckers, except outside of the United States where "Bad Boys of Rock 'n' Roll" was replaced with "Be Chrool to Your Scuel" from Come Out and Play.

The album received a Parental Advisory sticker for the live tracks, which contain some profanity.

Track listing
 "We're Not Gonna Take It" - 3:39
 "I Wanna Rock" - 3:03
 "I Am (I'm Me)" - 3:35
 "The Price" - 3:49
 "You Can't Stop Rock 'n' Roll" - 4:42
 "The Kids Are Back" - 3:17
 "Shoot 'Em Down" - 3:54
 "Under the Blade" - 4:40
 "I'll Never Grow Up, Now!" - 4:08
 "Bad Boys (Of Rock 'n' Roll)" - 3:19
 "What You Don't Know (Sure Can Hurt You)" (live) - 5:09
 "Destroyer" (live) - 4:37
 "Tear It Loose" (live) - 3:05
 "Run for Your Life" (live) - 3:38 (US version only)
 "It's Only Rock 'n' Roll" (live) - 10:12
 "Let the Good Times Roll" / "Feel So Fine" (live) - 4:15

Credits

Twisted Sister
Dee Snider - lead vocals
Eddie "Fingers" Ojeda - lead & rhythm guitars
Jay Jay French - rhythm & lead guitars
Mark "The Animal" Mendoza - bass
A. J. Pero - drums

References

Twisted Sister albums
Albums produced by Tom Werman
1992 compilation albums
Atlantic Records compilation albums
Ananias Club

The Ananias Club was a euphemism used by American press in 1906–07 during the administration of President Theodore Roosevelt, to refer to public figures that the President accused of dishonesty. The press employed the euphemism to avoid printing the word "liar."

Origins
The first recorded use of the word was employed by the press in 1906 to avoid the "short and ugly word" (liar) in connection with the "mutual accusations of inveracity" which arose between President Theodore Roosevelt and Senator Benjamin Tillman of South Carolina over the railroad rate bill. The phrase was adopted to describe any person President Roosevelt accused of dishonesty. The name derived from the story of Ananias, who fell dead when he lied to the apostle Peter about a financial transaction.

Members

so-called "nature fakers"
Congressman Butler Ames
banker Wharton Barker
industrialist Henry Melville Whitney

Later uses
Franklin D. Roosevelt used the expression "Ananias Club" in his first press conference as President of the United States in reference to his policy on the use of background material provided by the White House:
Then there are two other matters we will talk about: The first is "background information", which means material which can be used by all of you on your own authority and responsibility, not to be attributed to the White House, because I do not want to have to revive the Ananias Club.

References

External links
The American Presidency Project

Theodore Roosevelt
Mersalyl

Mersalyl (Mersal) is an organomercury compound and mercurial diuretic. It is only rarely used as a drug, having been superseded by diuretic medications that do not contain mercury and are therefore less toxic. It features a Hg(II) centre. Mersalyl was originally adapted from calomel (Hg2Cl2), a diuretic discovered by Paracelsus.

See also

References

Acetic acids
Benzamides
Mercurial diuretics
Phenol ethers
Mersal

Mersal may refer to:

Arts 
Mersal (film), a 2017 Tamil language action thriller film.
Mersal (soundtrack), a soundtrack to the 2017 film
Mersal al-Gharam, a 2004 Syrian novel by Fawwaz Haddad, also known as The Love Messenger

People 
 Iman Mersal (born 1966), Egyptian poet
 Hatem Mersal (born 1975), Egyptian former long jumper
 Mahmoud Mersal (born 1940), Egyptian former Olympic boxer
 Ragab Mersal (born 1945), Egyptian former Olympic table tennis sport
 Nafi Mersal (born 1960), Egyptian sprinter

Other uses 
 Mersalyl, an organomercury compound used as drug
Miss Iowa USA

The  Miss Iowa USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Iowa in the Miss USA pageant. It is directed by Future Productions based in Savage, Minnesota since 2008.

While Iowa has not been greatly successful in the past four decades, they were one of the most consistent states in the first decade of the pageant's existence.  The second Miss USA to win the Miss Universe Crown was Carol Morris of Iowa in 1956. The most recent placement was Baylee Drezek in 2019, placing Top 15.

Jamie Solinger, Miss Teen USA 1992 and Miss Iowa USA 1998, crowned her sister Jaclyn Solinger as Miss Iowa USA 1999.

The current titleholder is Randi Estabrook of Mitchellville and was crowned on May 21, 2022 at Des Moines Marriott Downtown in Des Moines. She represented Iowa for the title of Miss USA 2022.

Gallery of titleholders

Results summary

Placements
Miss USA: Carol Morris (1956)
5th Runner-up: Carlyn Bradarich (2014)
Top 10/12: Jan Hoyer (1993), Jensie Grigsby (2000)
Top 14/15/19/20: Marilyn Shonka (1953), Ione Lucken (1954), Judy Hall (1957), Kay Nielson (1959), Trudy Shulkin (1960), Baylee Drezek (2019)

Iowa holds a record of 10 placements at Miss USA.

Awards
Miss Congeniality: Dana Ruth Mintzer (1983), Rebecca Hodge (2012)

Winners 
Color key

1 Age at the time of the Miss USA pageant

References

External links

Iowa
Iowa culture
Women in Iowa
Recurring events established in 1952
1952 establishments in Iowa
Annual events in Iowa
George Elliott

George Elliott may refer to:

Politicians
George Elliott (Canadian politician) (before 1800–1844), Irish-born member of Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
George Elliott (British politician) (1847–1925), MP for Islington West, 1918–1922
George Adam Elliott (1875–1944), Canadian member of House of Commons and Legislative Assembly of Ontario

Sportsmen
George Elliott (cricketer) (1850–1913), English right-handed batsman
George Elliott (Australian rules footballer) (1885–1917), with Melbourne University Football Club
George Elliott (footballer, born 1889) (1889–1948), Middlesbrough FC centre forward / inside right
George Elliott (American football) (born 1932), quarterback, halfback and coach

Writers
George P. Elliott (1918–1980), American poet, novelist and essayist
George Elliott (Canadian writer) (1923–1996), reporter, editor and short story author
George A. Elliott (born 1945), Canadian mathematician specializing in operator algebras

Others
George Elliott (spy) (before 1555–after 1581), English confidence man, a/k/a George Eliot, who arrested Edmund Campion
George Elliott (surgeon) (c. 1636–1668), English military doctor
George F. Elliott (1846–1931), American major general, Marine Corps Commandant
George Elliott (bishop) (born 1949), Canadian suffragan bishop

Ships
USS George F. Elliott (AP-13)
USS George F. Elliott (AP-105)

See also
George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield (1717–1790), British Army officer
George Eliot (disambiguation)
George Elliot (disambiguation)
Take the Cannoli

Take the Cannoli: Stories From the New World is a collection of essays by Sarah Vowell, originally published by Simon & Schuster in 2000. In it, she discusses everything from her obsession with The Godfather (the title of the book comes from a line from Godfather caporegime Peter Clemenza), music lessons, and the intersection of Michigan and Wacker in Chicago to her experience retracing her ancestors' journey on the Trail of Tears and more.

Reception
The A.V. Club called the book a "surprisingly successful assessment of American life free from the trappings of grandiosity."

References

External links
Excerpt from The New York Times
Excerpt from The Guardian

2000 non-fiction books
Books by Sarah Vowell
Non-fiction books about The Godfather
Mercury(II) nitrate

Mercury(II) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula Hg(NO3)2.xH2O. These colorless or white soluble crystalline salts are occasionally used as a reagent. It is made by treating mercury with hot concentrated nitric acid. Neither anhydrous nor monohydrate has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The anhydrous material is more widely used.

Uses
Mercuric nitrate has been used in mercuration of ketones. Mercuric nitrate was formerly used in carroting felt for hats.

Health information
Mercury compounds are highly toxic.  The use of this compound by hatters and the subsequent mercury poisoning of said hatters is a common theory of where the phrase "mad as a hatter" came from.

See also
 The Hatter
 Mercury poisoning
 Gilding

References

External links
 ATSDR - Toxic Substances Portal - Mercury (11/14/2013)
 ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Mercury (11/14/2013)
 ATSDR - ALERT! Patterns of Metallic Mercury Exposure, 6/26/97 (link not traceable 11/14/2013)
 ATSDR - Medical Management Guidelines for Mercury (11/14/2013)
 ATSDR - Toxicological Profile: Mercury (11/14/2013)
 Safety data (MSDS) (link not traceable 11/14/2013)
 Mercuric Nitrate (ICSC)
 Mercury
 Mercury Information Packages
 How to Make Good Mercury Electrical Connections, Popular Science monthly, February 1919, Unnumbered page, Scanned by Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=7igDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT14

Mercury(II) compounds
Nitrates
Oxidizing agents
Yushima Station (Iwate)

is a railway station in the city of Ichinoseki, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

Lines
Yushima Station is served by the Tōhoku Main Line, and is located 427.0 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Tokyo Station.

Station layout
The station has two opposed side platforms connected to the station building by a footbridge.  The platforms are not numbered. The station is unattended.

Platforms

History
Yushima Station opened on 1 July 1954. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987. Much of the station platform collapsed during the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and was rebuilt by March 2012.

See also
 List of Railway Stations in Japan

References

External links

  

Railway stations in Iwate Prefecture
Tōhoku Main Line
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1954
Ichinoseki, Iwate
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Patrick Bourne

Patrick Bourne (born April 11, 1964) is an American politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska. He is a former member of the Nebraska Legislature and an attorney in Omaha, Nebraska.

Bourne was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He graduated from Southeast Community College in 1984,  University of Nebraska at Omaha in 1994 and Creighton University School of Law in 1997.

He was elected in 1998 to represent the 8th  Nebraska legislative district and reelected in 2002.  In his final term, he sat on the Education and Nebraska Retirement Systems committees as well as the Committee on Committees and the chairperson of the Judiciary committee. Due to term limits, he was not able to run for re-election in 2006.

References

1964 births
Living people
Democratic Party Nebraska state senators
Creighton University School of Law alumni
Anti Horse Thief Association

The Anti Horse Thief Association was a vigilance committee, organized at Fort Scott, Kansas, in 1859 to provide protection against marauders thriving on border warfare.  It resembled other vigilance societies in organization and methods, although it did not share some of the shadier tactics of other vigilance committees and members of the Regulators.  It achieved great success in apprehending offenders over a wide area.  Though it initially focused on horse theft, it diversified into other areas while still retaining the original name.

See also
Bentonville Anti-Horse Thief Society
The Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves
Stolen Horse International

References

"Kansas: a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc." (1912)

External links
 Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Anti-Horse Thief Association
 Anti Horse Thief Association
 The Horse Thief Detectives

American vigilantes
Kansas in the American Civil War
Missouri in the American Civil War
People of the American Old West
Organizations established in 1859
1859 establishments in Kansas Territory
Khulan

Khulan may refer to:
 Khulan, a Mongolian word for a subspecies of the onager called the Mongolian wild ass, Equus hemionus hemionus,
 Khulan, a common female name in Mongolia:
 Khulan khatun ( – ), wife of Genghis Khan
 Khulan (wife of Anatole)
 Chuluuny Khulan, Mongolian actress
 Khashbatyn Khulan, Mongolian politician

See also 
 Kulan (disambiguation)
Chronology of computation of π

The table below is a brief chronology of computed numerical values of, or bounds on, the mathematical constant pi (). For more detailed explanations for some of these calculations, see Approximations of .

The last 100 decimal digits of the latest 2022 world record computation are:
   4658718895 1242883556 4671544483 9873493812 1206904813 2656719174 5255431487 2142102057 7077336434 3095295560

Before 1400

1400–1949

1949–2009

2009–present

See also
 History of pi
Approximations of π

References

External links
 Borwein, Jonathan, "The Life of Pi"
 Kanada Laboratory home page
 Stu's Pi page
 Takahashi's page

Pi
History of mathematics
Pi
Pi algorithms