alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore

The Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited, abbreviated as FACT, is an Indian central public sector undertaking headquartered in Kochi, Kerala. It was incorporated in 1943, by Maharajah Sree Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma of the Kingdom of Travancore. It is the first fertiliser manufacturing company in independent India and also the largest Central Public Sector Undertaking (CPSU) in Kerala. The company is under the ownership of Government of India and administrative control of the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.

It has 2 production units - Udyogamandal Complex (UC) at Eloor, Udyogamandal, and Cochin Division (CD) at Ambalamedu. In 1947, FACT started production of ammonium sulphate with an installed capacity of 50,000 MT per annum at Udyogamandal near Kochi. The Caprolactam plant in Udyogamandal was commissioned in 1990. Main products include Ammonia, Sulphuric Acid, Ammonium Phosphate-Sulphate (FACTAMFOS), Ammonium Sulphate, Zincated Ammonium Phosphate, Caprolactam, and also complex fertilizers. Gypsum, Nitric acid, Soda Ash and coloured Ammonium Sulphate are major by-products.

History
The factory commenced production of ammonium sulphate in 1947, at the dawn of Indian independence using wood as the raw material for production of ammonia. With the effect of time, wood gasification became uneconomic and was replaced with naphtha reforming process. Through a series of expansion programmes, FACT soon became the producer of a wide range of fertilizers for all crops and all soil types in India. It became a Kerala State public sector enterprise in 1960 and in 1962, it came under the Government of India. Diversification to full-fledged engineering services (FEW) in the fertilizer field and allied areas followed. The next major step towards diversification was into petrochemicals.

FACT has formed a joint venture company with Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited, named FRBL (FACT RCF Building Products Ltd) for manufacturing load-bearing panels and other building products using phosphogypsum.

References

External links
 Official website

Companies based in Kochi
Fertilizer companies of India
Chemical companies of India
Indian companies established in 1943
Chemical companies established in 1943
Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange
Mahisha Kingdom

Mahisha or Mahishaka was a kingdom in ancient India. The capital, Mahishuru, is currently known as Mysore, a city in Karnataka. This kingdom is mentioned in Mahabharata, though Puranas (especially Markandeya Purana) gives more information. The name Mahisha () means great, powerful.

History
King Mahisha built a vast kingdom with Mahishuru as its center, which was the Mahisha kingdom. The name of 'Mysore', came from its ruler Mahisha.

In the Mahabharata
Bhisma Parva, Mahabharata, Book VI, Chapter 10 describes geography and provinces of ancient India. Mahisha is mentioned in Mahabharata- "There are other kingdoms in the south. They are the Dravidas, the Keralas, the Prachyas, the Mushikas, and the Vanavashikas; the Mahishakas, the Vikalpas, the Mushakas.....".

Karna Parva, Mahabharata Book VIII, Chapter 30 mentions the people who are not righious- "The Karasakaras, the Mahishakas, the Kalingas, the Kikatas, the Atavis, the Karkotakas, the Virakas, and other peoples of no religion, one should always avoid."

Yudhishthira's Rajasuya sacrifice
Yudhishthira, the Kuru king, performed a Rajasuya sacrifice in order to again imperial sovereignty. All his brothers went on extensive military campaigns to extract tribute from all the kingdoms and subjugate those who refused to do so.

'A battle took place between Arjuna and the Dravidas and Andhras and the fierce Mahishakas and the hillmen of Kolwa. Subjugating those tribes without having to accomplish any fierce feats, Arjuna proceeded to the country of the Surashtras, his footsteps guided by the horse.' (14,83)

See also
Kingdoms of Ancient India
Mushika Kingdom

References

Sources

Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated to English by Kisari Mohan Ganguli

External links

Kingdoms in the Mahabharata
Daityas
God Grew Tired of Us

God Grew Tired of Us is a 2006 American documentary film about three of the "Lost Boys of Sudan", a group of some 25,000 young men who have fled the wars in Sudan since the 1980s, and their experiences as they move to the United States. The film was written and directed by Christopher Dillon Quinn.

Synopsis
God Grew Tired of Us chronicles the arduous journey of three Southern Sudanese men, John Bul Dau, Daniel Pach and Panther Bior, to the United States where they strive for a brighter future. As young boys in the 1980s, they had walked a thousand miles to escape their war-ridden homeland, and then had to make another arduous journey to escape Ethiopia.

During the five years they walked in search of safety, thousands died from starvation, dehydration, bomb raids and genocidal murder.  Finally, they found relative safety in Kenya’s Kakuma refugee camp.  In 2001, 3,600 lost boys, including John, Daniel and Panther, were invited by the United States to live in America. Assisted by Catholic Charities International, the three boys uproot their lives and once again embark on a journey, leaving behind thousands of other refugees who, in the course of their traumatic odyssey, have become their adopted extended family.  They must now learn to adapt to the shock of being thrust into the economically intense culture of the United States. They dedicate themselves to doing whatever they can do to help those they left behind in Kakuma, and to discover the fate of their parents and family.

The title comes from a statement by John, in expressing that he thought the suffering and killings he saw during his country's civil war may have been the final judgment on the earth spoken of in the Bible, because "God was tired of us," "tired of the bad things the people were doing."

God Grew Tired of Us was produced, written and directed by Christopher Dillon Quinn and narrated by Nicole Kidman; the executive producer was Brad Pitt.  The title of the documentary is a quote from John Dau discussing the despair he and other Sudanese felt during the civil war.

Awards
At the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, the film won both the "Grand Jury Prize: Documentary" and the "Audience Award" in the "Independent Film Competition: Documentary" category.

The film also won best documentary at the Deauville Film Festival in France and the Galway Film Festival in Ireland.

Christopher Dillon Quinn was awarded The Emerging Documentary Filmmaker Award by the International Documentary Association in 2007 for directing God Grew Tired of Us.

Music
 Guramayle – Gigi
 Gua – Emmanuel Jal
 Mai Wah Ihtagab – Abd El Gadir Salim

See also
International Rescue Committee

References

External links
 
 
 
 
 
 

Lost Boys of Sudan
2006 films
Documentary films about refugees
American documentary films
2006 documentary films
Films set in Sudan
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
Sundance Film Festival award-winning films
Kanchi Kingdom

Kanchi was a southern kingdom mentioned in the epic Mahabharata. This kingdom took part in the Kurukshetra War.

It is identified as the Kanchi city in Tamil Nadu.

References in Mahabharata

The myth of origin of Kanchis 

Mahabharata, Book 1, Chapter 177

When the sage Vasistha was attacked by king Viswamitra's army, Vasistha's cow, Kamadehnu, brought forth from her tail, an army of Palhavas, and from her udders, an army of Dravidas and Sakas; and from her womb, an army of Yavanas, and from her dung, an army of Savaras; and from her urine, an army of Kanchis; and from her sides, an army of Savaras. And from the froth of her mouth came out hosts of Paundras and Kiratas, Yavanas and Sinhalas, and the barbarous tribes of Khasas and Chivukas and Pulindas and Chinas and Hunas with Keralas, and numerous other Mlechchhas.

In the ancient Indian literature, cow is a symbol of earth or land. Thus the myth mentioned above simply means that, these tribes gathered for the protection of sage Vasistha's land against the army of king Viswamitra.

Kanchis in Kuruksetra War

On the Kaurava Side 

Mahabharata, Book 5, Chapter 161, 162

Kaurava army is protected by the kings of the East, the West, the South and the North, by the Kamvojas, the Sakas, the Khasas, the Salwas, the Kurus of the middle country, the Mlechchhas, the Pulindas, the Dravidas, the Andhras, and the Kanchis.

On the Pandava Side 

Mahabharata, Book 8, Chapter 12

The Parthas, headed by Bhima, advanced against Kaurava army. They consisted of Dhrishtadyumna, Shikhandi, Draupadi's sons, the Prabhadrakas, and Satyaki and Chekitana with the Dravida forces, and the Pandyas, the Cholas, and the Keralas, all possessed of broad chests, long arms, tall statures, and large eyes.  Decked with ornaments, possessed of red teeth, attired in robes of diverse colours, smeared with powdered scents, armed with swords and nooses, equipped with quivers, bearing bows adorned with long locks, and agreeable in speech were the combatants of the infantry files led by Satyaki, belonging to the Andhra tribe, endued with fierce forms and great energy. Other brave warriors such as the Cedis, the Pancalas, the Kaikayas, the Karushas, the Kosalas, the Kanchis, and the Maghadhas, also rushed forward.

See also 

Kingdoms of Ancient India

References

Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated to English by Kisari Mohan Ganguli

Kingdoms in the Mahabharata
Kanchipuram
Pannaivilai

Pannaivilai is a small village covered by Palmyra trees in Tuticorin District, Tamil Nadu, India. PannaiVillai is derived from two tamil word Pannai and villai, which means land which grows or has Palmyra trees. In colloquial language its pannai villaigira thaana idam.  This village has Tucker Higher secondary school.

Geography
Pannaivilai is situated near Eral of Thoothukudi district. On the north side it is surrounded by a big pool called 'Perungulam'.

Demographics
Everybody in the village belongs the Nadar community. Christianity is the main religion followed.

The nearby cities are Tirunelveli (47 km) and Thoothukudi (45 km). The nearest railway stations are Nazareth (25 km) and Kurumbur (13 km). The nearest harbor and airport is situated at Thoothukudi (47 km).

Places of worship 
 Holy Trinity Church, Pannaivilai (CSI Thoothukudi-Nazareth Diocese, Pannaivilai)

Landmark
Pannaivilai puthur is situated on the East of Pannaivilai, on the West is Perungulam Lake, Pandaravilai, Mannarayanthattu, on the South Pannaivilai Bungalow, Perungulam village (Town Panchayat) Eral and on the North is Kombukaranpottal, Nattathi and Sawyerpuram. Pannaivilai is 23 km south of Tuticorin, (District Headquarters) Tuticorin is mainly famous for salt manufacturing, shipping etc.,

Information
Police Station Limit: Eral
Near Railway Station: Tuticorin / Kurumbur / Tirunelveli / Tiruchendur
Near Airport: Tuticorin / Madurai / Trivandrum

External links
Pannaivilai website
Image

Villages in Thoothukudi district
Ijlal Haider Zaidi

Syed Ijlal Haider Zaidi (29 December 1929 – 23 March 2013)) was a member of the Civil Service of Pakistan (CSP). He served in various key administrative and secretarial capacities, including Deputy Commissioner of Peshawar, Director General of Radio Pakistan, Chief Secretary of Azad Kashmir, Chief Secretary of North-West Frontier Province, Federal Defence Secretary.

After his retirement, Zaidi served as an advisor to the Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto. Since 1992 he has been the chairman of the Pakistan-Japan Friendship Association, and in 2008 received a special commendation for his work there from the Japanese ambassador to Pakistan.

Early life and career
Syed Ijlal Haider Zaidi was born on 29 December 1929 in Shahabad, the then Karnal district, British India. He was a B.Sc engineer by profession, and obtained distinguished position in Superior Competitive Services examinations of Pakistan. His grandfather late Engineer Mr. Syed Ghulam Shabbir Zaidi (1860—26 November 1949) was the chief of Shahabad town and renowned philanthropist of the town, and his father late Mr. Syed Muhammad Ibrahim Zaidi (December 1890—11 September 1958) was one of the pioneer Muslim B.Sc engineers of the entire Indian sub-continent, and Aligarh College graduate as well as a poet, novelist, intellectual and prose-writer; and also served as Senior Vice Chairman of Lahore Board of Education during the 1950s. His youngest brother late Mr. Syed Ijmal Haider Zaidi (12 October 1949—29 March 2009), who served as senior Vice President, Habib Bank Limited, Pakistan, was also a lawyer and writer, whose son Mujtaba Haider Zaidi writer, lawyer and columnist of Pakistani English Newspaper The Frontier Post is the pioneer playwright of the Theatre of the Absurd and Stream of Consciousness in Urdu literature and author of first book in support of disputed Power to Veto under the title "Veto Oligarchy: The Fittest Deserve Supremacy".

Death and legacy
Syed Ijlal Haider Zaidi died on the morning of 23 March 2013 in Lahore after a 2-year battle with cancer. He left behind three daughters. Zaidi was an influential member of the establishment. He served as a senior bureaucrat while working very close to four former Presidents of Pakistan including Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, General Zia Ul-Haq, Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Farooq Leghari, and was considered to be the right hand man and the closest aide of the former President Ghulam Ishaq Khan.

References

1929 births
2013 deaths
Pakistani civil servants
Defence Secretaries of Pakistan
Muhajir people
Pakistan Army civilians
Choa Chu Kang Bus Interchange

Choa Chu Kang Bus Interchange is a bus interchange which mainly serves the residential neighbourhood of Choa Chu Kang. It is located at Choa Chu Kang Loop and connected to Choa Chu Kang MRT/LRT station and the Lot One Shoppers' Mall. Opened in 1990, the old bus interchange was one of the oldest surviving bus interchanges in Singapore to remain intact from re-modification while still in service for 28 years until 15 December 2018. The new site opened on 16 December 2018.

History 

Choa Chu Kang used to have a roadside bus terminal along Choa Chu Kang Way. It was later replaced by a bus interchange built beside the MRT station. It was opened on 8 April 1990 and remained operational until 15 December 2018 with little modifications. The old bus interchange was demolished to make way for the Jurong Region Line's Choa Chu Kang station.

Trans-Island Bus Services also had the operating base for Choa Chu Kang since 1990, where bus service SS7 was introduced from Choa Chu Kang to Woodlands, and on 10 March 1996, bus services 925 and 927 were extended to Choa Chu Kang. In 1995, all bus services (175, 185, 188, 190, 300, 302 and 307) with the exception of service 67 were drawn under Choa Chu Kang Bus Package, whereas they were handed over between 25 July 1999 and 26 December 1999, however service 67 was transferred from Tampines Bus Package and 172 was transferred from Jurong West Bus Package on 26 December 1999.

In 2018, the new interchange was built, near to Lot One. It opened on 16 December 2018, and before that, service 308 was merged into service 991 to provide connectivity from Choa Chu Kang to Bukit Batok as well as enhanced connectivity as well as service 974 being launched for commuters travelling to Joo Koon, reducing congestion on services 172 and 180, as well as the East West Line and North South Line.

Bus Contracting Model

Under the new bus contracting model, with the exception of Weekday/Saturday service 925 under Woodlands, the rest of the services are under Choa Chu Kang-Bukit Panjang Bus Package.

References

External links

 Interchange/Terminal (SMRT Buses)

Bus stations in Singapore
Choa Chu Kang
Sillanwali

Sillanwali  (Punjabi, ) is a town of Sargodha District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The town is tehsil headquarters of Sillanwali Tehsil. Located  away from Sargodha city, it lies in the southern area of Sargodha District.

References

Populated places in Sargodha District
Weightlifting at the 2006 Commonwealth Games

The Weightlifting at the 2006 Commonwealth Games was held in a custom-built temporary venue within the Melbourne Convention & Exhibition Centre from March 16 to 24 .

Medal table

Events

Men's events

Women's events

Powerlifting

References

External links
Schedule and Results

 
2006 Commonwealth Games events
2006
2006
2006 in weightlifting
Electoral district of Morialta

Morialta is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. It is a 356 km2 electorate stretching from the Adelaide Hills to the outer eastern and north-eastern suburbs of Adelaide, taking in the suburbs and localities of Auldana, Ashton, Athelstone, Basket Range, Birdwood, Castambul, Cherryville, Cudlee Creek, Forest Range, Gumeracha, Highbury, Kenton Valley, Lenswood, Lobethal, Marble Hill, Montacute, Mount Torrens, Norton Summit, Rostrevor, Summertown, Teringie, Uraidla and Woodforde, as well as part of Chain of Ponds.

Morialta is a word derived from the Kaurna language, originally thought to be marri-yartalla, "marri" meaning east and yertala meaning "flowing water". More recent research has shown that the etymology of the word is marri, meaning "east" and probably yarta, meaning "land, earth, country", or possibly yalta, meaning "cool, fresh, airy"; therefore, probably meaning "eastern land or country". The land used by the Morialta Conservation Park was traditionally occupied by the Kaurna people.

Morialta was the new name adopted in 2002 for the electoral district of Coles, which was first created at the 1970 election and represented over the years by several distinguished MPs, including former Dunstan Labor government Attorney General Len King, and former Premier Des Corcoran. Morialta was won at the 2002 election by Liberal minister Joan Hall, the last member for Coles, on a margin of 4.1 percent, suffering a -2.4 percent swing. At the 2006 election, Hall was thought likely to again hold the seat with a reduced margin, but was defeated by Labor candidate Lindsay Simmons amidst Labor's statewide landslide, receiving a 12 percent two-party preferred swing to finish with a 7.9 percent margin. However, at the 2010 election the electorate there was a swing of 11.1 percent back to the Liberals, with candidate John Gardner defeating Simmons by a margin of 4.1 percent.

Members for Morialta

Election results

Notes

References
 ECSA profile for Morialta: 2018
 ABC profile for Morialta: 2018
 Poll Bludger profile for Morialta: 2018

2002 establishments in Australia
Electoral districts of South Australia
Rock & Republic

Rock & Republic was an American jeans brand founded by Michael Ball in 2002.  Ball is a cyclist who gained design experience by creating his cycling team's uniforms.  Rock & Republic's line of jeans and casual wear "VB Rocks" was designed by singer Victoria Beckham until 2008.

Timelines
From 2007 to 2009, the company sponsored a professional cycling team named Rock Racing.

On April 1, 2010, Rock & Republic filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.  By December 2010, the company had entered into negotiations with VF Corporation to sell the trademark and intellectual property. On April 28, 2011, VF Corporation announced it had signed a long-term licensing deal with Kohl's Corporation to carry a budget version of the Rock & Republic brand with jeans priced at $88 versus $200 plus. In 2019, VF Corporation spun-off its jeans business, including the Rock & Republic, Lee, and Wrangler brands, into a new business called Kontoor Brands.

See also
VF Corporation
Lee (jeans)
Wrangler (jeans)

References 

Clothing brands of the United States
Jeans by brand
2002 establishments in the United States
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2010
Yuthlert Sippapak

Yuthlert Sippapak (, born November 8, 1966 in Loei, Thailand) is a Thai film director, screenwriter and producer. He is best known for his genre-blending films Killer Tattoo (comedy and action) and Buppah Rahtree (comedy and horror).

Biography

Yuthlert Sippapak was born on November 8, 1966, in Loei, Thailand. He graduated from Silpakorn university in bachelor degree of interior design. Then he went to take a fine arts class at The Arts Student League of New York and learned to be a filmmaker by reading the book in Barnes and Noble bookstore. 

He began his career in the film industry as a screenwriter of “O negative” before transitioning to directing. His directorial debut was the 2001 film "Killer Tattoo," which was a critical and commercial success in Thailand.

Sippapak is known for his distinctive style, which often features exaggerated action sequences, dark humor, and horror elements. Some of his notable films include "Buppah Rahtree," "Rahtree Revenge," and "Rahtree Reborn," which are all part of a horror-comedy franchise.

In addition to his work in film, Sippapak has also served as a judge on the Thai version of the reality TV show "Thailand got Talent”

Sippapak's films include: Killer Tatto, a low-budget independent production that was initially overlooked by mainstream audiences and critics; Buppah Rahtree: Flower of the Night, a horror-comedy that tells the story of a ghost who haunts a hotel and seeks revenge on those who wronged her; Pattaya Maniac, a crime-comedy that tells the story of a group of criminals who attempt to rob a jewelry store in Pattaya; and Friday Killer, an action-comedy that tells the story of a hitman who is hired to kill a politician, but ends up getting caught in a web of corruption and intrigue. It won two awards: the Jury Prize and Best Cinematography, at the Shanghai International Film Festival.

Future projects
Since Krasue Valentine, Yuthlert has been tied to a number of upcoming projects. One was a horror film, Mia Ngoo (The Snake's Wife), and the other was about a band of disabled martial arts warriors called Kode Mahagan. The latest project mentioned is Ghost Station, a comedy about a pair of gay men that appears to be a parody of Brokeback Mountain.

Filmography
Killer Tattoo (2001)
February (Khumphaphan) (2003)
Buppah Rahtree (Rahtree: Flower of the Night) (2003)
Sai Lor Fah (Pattaya Maniac) (2004)
Buppah Rahtree Phase 2: Rahtree Returns (2005)
Krasue Valentine (Ghost Valentine) (2006)
Ghost Station (2007)
The Last Moment (2008 Film) (2008)
Kill Tim (2008)
Mia Ngoo (in development)
Kode Mahagan (in development)

References
 Director profile, MovieSeer
 Tung, Chi and Tseng, Ada (December 3, 2004). "Yuthlert Sippapak: Not your everyday director", Asia Pacific Arts, UCLA.
 Williamson, Rob. September 2005. "Take it easy chicken: Yuthlert Sippapak interviewed", Firecracker.

Notes

External links
 
 Yuthlert Sippapak at the Thai Film Database

1966 births
Living people
Yuthlert Sippapak
Yuthlert Sippapak
Yuthlert Sippapak
Yuthlert Sippapak
Pediatrics (journal)

Pediatrics is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Academy of Pediatrics. In the inaugural January 1948 issue, the journal's first editor-in-chief, Hugh McCulloch, articulated the journal's vision: "The content of the journal is... intended to encompass the needs of the whole child in his physiologic, mental, emotional, and social structure. The single word, Pediatrics, has been chosen to indicate this catholic intent."

Pediatrics has been continuously published by the American Academy of Pediatrics since January 1948. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 7.124, ranking it fourth out of 119 journals in the category "Pediatrics".

Editors
The following persons have been editor-in-chief of Pediatrics:
1948–1954 Hugh McCulloch
1954–1961 Charles D. May
1962–1974 Clement A. Smith
1974–2009 Jerold F. Lucey
2009–present Lewis First

References

External links 
 

Academic journals established in 1948
Pediatrics journals
Monthly journals
English-language journals
Gunnar Olavsson Helland

Gunnar Olavsson Helland (July 15, 1852 – 1938) was a Norwegian Hardanger fiddle (hardingfele) maker from Bø in Telemark, Norway.

Biography
Gunnar Olavsson Haugen was a brother-in-law of Knut Eriksson Helland who was married to his sister, Liv Olavsdatter Haugen (1849-1883). In 1871, Gunnar Haugen married the twin sister of Knut Helland, Gunnhild Eriksdatter Helland (1851–1907). Gunnar and Gunnhild were the parents of:  
Olav Gunnarsson Helland (1875–1946)
Knut Gunnarsson Helland (1880–1920)
Gunnar Gunnarsson Helland (1889–1976)
John Gunnarsson Helland (1897–1977)

Following his marriage to Gunnhild, Gunnar Olavsson Haugen re-located to Helland and shortly after began learning the art of making violins from his brother-in-law. He became a successful violin maker, winning prizes and medals both in Norway and abroad. When Knut Helland died in 1880, Gunnar took over both the family farm and the fiddle workshop, at which time he adopted the surname Helland. He had the farm for 26 years and then bought a larger farm below Bø Church (Bø kyrkjelyd), now the site of the trade and research center Hellandtunet Forsknings og Næringssenter.

See also 
The Helland fiddle maker family
Helland (fiddle makers)

References

Footnotes
"Bø-Soga, 1 Kultursoga bind 1" (Bø Lokalhistorie).
"Bø-Soga, 2 Gards og ættesoge, bind 4" (Bø Lokalhistorie, gårds- og slektshistorie).
"Soga om fela", by Steinar Kyvik, Fonna 1946.
"Felemakerslekten Helland", by John Gunnarson Helland, private, typed paper.
"Hardingfele i fire slektledd", Article, interview in Bergens Arbeiderblad 5 October 1963, by Åsmund Nyhammer 
"Bøherad, hardingfelas Cremona" in "Leik og Dans" 1988 pp. 57–71, by Asbjørn Storesund, Halvard Kaasa, editor.
"Morgenbladet", Christiania, Thursday 15 July 1852

External links 
The Helland fiddle maker family

1852 births
1938 deaths
People from Bø, Telemark
Fiddle makers
Norwegian musical instrument makers
Inquisition Symphony (album)

Inquisition Symphony is the second studio album by the Finnish metal band Apocalyptica. The album branches from their previous effort, containing only four Metallica covers. The remainder of the compositions are by Faith No More, Pantera, and Sepultura, as well as three originals by Apocalyptica bandleader Eicca Toppinen. In this album, some songs add percussive beats on the cellos. Max Lilja did the arrangements for "One". A sequel to "Toreador" appeared on the album Reflections.

Track listing
All arrangements by Eicca Toppinen, except for "One" by Max Lilja

Personnel

Apocalyptica
Eicca Toppinen – cello, arrangement, composer
Paavo Lötjönen – cello
Antero Manninen – cello
Max Lilja – cello, arrangement

References

External links 
 Official artist website
 Official Mercury Records website
 Official Universal Music website

1998 albums
Instrumental albums
Covers albums
Apocalyptica albums
Karen Lawrence (singer-songwriter)

Karen Lawrence is an American singer and songwriter who has worked with the L.A. Jets (1994), Karen Lawrence and the Pinz, and Blue by Nature. She sang backup vocals on the song "Get It Up" from the Draw the Line by Aerosmith and sang "Back on the Streets" from the Jeff Beck album Flash.

A stage performer since the age of nine; she fronted her first band, a blues outfit, at the age of 13.She was a front woman for the A&M band 1994: (produced by Jack Douglas). Kerrang! wrote "it was 1994's Karen Lawrence who gave the others the choice of being second best or giving up". In addition to lead vocal and writing credits on Jeff Beck's Beckology, Lawrence composed "Prisoner (Love Theme from Eyes of Laura Mars)", performed by Barbra Streisand.

Blue by Nature was formed in March 1993 when Lawrence and her collaborator of 14 years, rhythm guitarist Fred Hostetler, teamed with Rick Dufay, a former Aerosmith guitarist.

Other notable performances
Karen Lawrence sang the title song of the TV series Misfits of Science.

Discography
 L.A. Jets - L.A. Jets (1976), RCA APL1-1547
 1994: - 1994 (1978), A&M 4709
 1994: - Please Stand By (1979), A&M 4769
 Karen Lawrence and the Pinz - Girls Night Out (1981), RCA AFL1-4006
 Karen Lawrence - Rip and Tear (1986), Revolver REVLP 75
 Blue by Nature - Blue to the Bone (1995), SRD 8, Shattered 9
 Blue by Nature - Live at the Lake (1998), Hostel 55
 Blue by Nature - Hard Daze (2000), Hostel 57

References

External links
 Artist Direct Biography
 Page from the Misfits of Science Wiki on the theme song
 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American women singer-songwriters
Electronic voice alert

Electronic voice alert (EVA) was an option available on many Chrysler K-car-based vehicles in the mid-1980s.

Chrysler and Dodge used technology of the Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips, that were also used in the Speak & Spell toy. The EVA would automatically lower the radio volume and deliver eleven different spoken warning messages to drivers using a speech synthesizer in 24 certain models.

A similar system was used in 1984 to 1986 Nissan 300ZX, Nissan 200SX, and the Nissan Maxima GL and GLE models. The messages are played from a miniature phonograph record, similar as used in speaking dolls.

The EVA was available on the Chrysler LeBaron (and the optional Mark Cross Edition), Chrysler Town and Country Wagon, Chrysler Fifth Avenue, Chrysler New Yorker, Chrysler Laser, Dodge Daytona, and Dodge 600 between 1983 and 1988. Models sold in Canada accommodated both English and French. Models sold in Mexico spoke Spanish.

Generally paired with a digital instrument cluster and considered the height of technology at the time, many drivers grew weary of the system constantly admonishing them to fasten their seatbelts and turned it off via removing a fuse, which sometimes deactivates the fuel gauge. Later models had the option to be turned off via a switch in the glovebox.

References

External links 
Stan Watkins's EVA page

Automotive accessories
Chrysler
Texas Instruments
VB Rocks

VB Rocks was a fashion line designed by Victoria Beckham for Rock and Republic.

History
In 2004, after ending her music career, Victoria Beckham teamed up with Rock and Republic to design her own line of jeans. The original jeans were designed for women to 'lift their bum'. Different types of washes were used and Victoria's Crown logo was put on the back pocket. The jeans were high-end, retailing for $300.

The first jeans (originally 2 designs) and T-shirt (with the VB logo) were released in the UK right before the Christmas Shopping Season. Later the line was released in Japan and finally the U.S. In late 2005, Victoria had her first fashion show with her designs on the runway. These included jackets, T-shirts, jeans, and skirts; all of which have yet to be released to the public. In 2006, VB Rocks expanded to include a full women's line, children's wear, and men's jeans.

As of 2008, the line has since been discontinued. But Victoria continues to design fashion today.

References

External links
Rock and Republic official site

Clothing brands
Jeans
Victoria Beckham
Peter Gordon

Peter Gordon may refer to:

Sports
 Peter Gordon (English footballer) (1932–1990), English association football player
 Peter Gordon (South African footballer) (born 1963), South African football defender
 Peter Gordon (sailor) (1882–1975), Canadian sailor and silver medalist in the 1932 Olympics
Peter Gordon (discus thrower), British athlete and champion at the 1981 UK Athletics Championships

Others
 Peter Gordon (chef) (born 1963), celebrity chef from New Zealand
 Peter Gordon (composer) (born 1951), composer and musician based in New York City
 Peter Gordon (historian), historian and professor at Harvard University
 Peter Gordon (lawyer) (born 1957), Australian lawyer and former Western Bulldogs president
 Peter Gordon (radio presenter), radio presenter in Surrey, England
 Peter Gordon (politician) (1921–1991), New Zealand politician
 Peter Gordon (playwright), British playwright

See also 
 Peter and Gordon, musical duo from the United Kingdom
 Peter Gordon MacKay (born 1965), Canadian cabinet minister
Palais–Smale compactness condition

The Palais–Smale compactness condition, named after Richard Palais and Stephen Smale, is a hypothesis for some theorems of the calculus of variations.  It is useful for guaranteeing the existence of certain kinds of critical points, in particular saddle points. The Palais-Smale condition is a condition on the functional that one is trying to extremize.  

In finite-dimensional spaces, the Palais–Smale condition for a continuously differentiable real-valued function is satisfied automatically for proper maps: functions which do not take unbounded sets into bounded sets.  In the calculus of variations, where one is typically interested in infinite-dimensional function spaces, the condition is necessary because some extra notion of compactness beyond simple boundedness is needed.  See, for example, the proof of the mountain pass theorem in section 8.5 of Evans.

Strong formulation 

A continuously Fréchet differentiable functional  from a Hilbert space H to the reals satisfies the Palais–Smale condition if every sequence  such that:
  is bounded, and
  in H
has a convergent subsequence in H.

Weak formulation 
Let X be a Banach space and  be a Gateaux differentiable functional. The functional  is said to satisfy the weak Palais–Smale condition if for each sequence  such that
 ,
  in ,
  for all ,

there exists a critical point  of  with

References 
 
 
 

Calculus of variations
Electoral district of Playford

Playford is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. Named after the long serving South Australian premier Tom Playford, it is a 22.7 km² suburban electorate in Adelaide's north, taking in the suburbs of Green Fields, Mawson Lakes, Para Hills, Para Hills West, Parafield and Parafield Gardens.

Playford was created as a safe Labor seat and was first contested at the 1970 election, where it was won by Labor candidate Terry McRae. At the 1989 election, McRae resigned from politics, with the seat won by Labor candidate John Quirke. Though typically a safe Labor seat, the seat technically became marginal, reduced to just a 2.7 percent two-party margin at the 1993 election landslide. At the 1997 election, Quirke resigned to enter the Australian Senate, with the seat won by Labor candidate Jack Snelling.

Members for Playford

Election results

Notes

References
 ECSA profile for Playford: 2018
 ABC profile for Playford: 2018
 Poll Bludger profile for Playford: 2018

Electoral districts of South Australia
1993 establishments in Australia
QSF

QSF may refer to:
 Quebec Soccer Federation
 Qalamoun Shield Forces, a Syrian militia
 IATA code for Ain Arnat Airport, an airport in Algeria
 Unofficial code for airports in the San Francisco Metropolitan Area, used in some ticketing systems but not approved by IATA
 An uncompressed variant of the Portable Sound Format
 Extension and file format for data files exported by Qualtrics online survey software
Mountain pass theorem

The mountain pass theorem is an existence theorem from the calculus of variations, originally due to Antonio Ambrosetti and Paul Rabinowitz.  Given certain conditions on a function, the theorem demonstrates the existence of a saddle point.  The theorem is unusual in that there are many other theorems regarding the existence of extrema, but few regarding saddle points.

Statement 
The assumptions of the theorem are:
  is a functional from a Hilbert space H to the reals,
  and  is Lipschitz continuous on bounded subsets of H,
  satisfies the Palais–Smale compactness condition,
 ,
 there exist positive constants r and a such that  if , and
 there exists  with  such that .
If we define:

and:

then the conclusion of the theorem is that c is a critical value of I.

Visualization 

The intuition behind the theorem is in the name "mountain pass."  Consider I as describing elevation.  Then we know two low spots in the landscape: the origin because , and a far-off spot v where .  In between the two lies a range of mountains (at ) where the elevation is high (higher than a>0).  In order to travel along a path g from the origin to v, we must pass over the mountains—that is, we must go up and then down.  Since I is somewhat smooth, there must be a critical point somewhere in between.  (Think along the lines of the mean-value theorem.)  The mountain pass lies along the path that passes at the lowest elevation through the mountains.  Note that this mountain pass is almost always a saddle point.

For a proof, see section 8.5 of Evans.

Weaker formulation 
Let  be Banach space. The assumptions of the theorem are:
  and have a Gateaux derivative  which is continuous when  and  are endowed with strong topology and weak* topology respectively.
 There exists  such that one can find certain  with
.
  satisfies weak Palais–Smale condition on .

In this case there is a critical point  of  satisfying . Moreover, if we define

then

For a proof, see section 5.5 of Aubin and Ekeland.

References

Further reading 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Mathematical analysis
Calculus of variations
Theorems in analysis
Tsuneo Tamagawa

Tsuneo Tamagawa (Japanese: 玉河 恒夫, Tamagawa Tsuneo, 11 December 1925 in Tokyo – 30 December 2017 in New Haven, Connecticut) was a mathematician. He worked on the arithmetic of classical groups.

Tamagawa received his PhD in 1954 at the University of Tokyo under Shōkichi Iyanaga. Tamagawa was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1955/6, 1958, and 1970. He has been on the Yale University faculty since 1963, and became emeritus in 1996.

He introduced the Tamagawa numbers, which are measures for algebraic groups over algebraic number fields. These measures play an essential role in conjectures on arithmetic algebraic geometry, such as those of Spencer Bloch and Kazuya Kato.

Tamagawa's doctoral students included Doris Schattschneider and Audrey Terras.

See also 
 Tamagawa number

External links

Yale Bulletin announcing his emeritus status

References

1925 births
2017 deaths
20th-century Japanese mathematicians
21st-century Japanese mathematicians
University of Tokyo alumni
Yale University faculty
Japanese emigrants to the United States
Scientists from Tokyo
Raju (disambiguation)

Raju may refer to:
 Raju, a Telugu caste of India

People
Raju is an Indian male given name, a hypocorism of Raja, Raj and other Indian names beginning with "Raj".
 Aalap Raju, Indian playback singer
 Alluri Sita Rama Raju, Indian independence movement activist
 AVS Raju, Indian businessman
 Byrraju Ramalinga Raju, Indian businessman, founder-chairman of Satyam Computer Services Ltd.
 Captain Raju (1950–2018), Indian film actor in Malayalam cinema
 Dil Raju, Indian film producer in Telugu cinema
 Gopal Raju, Indian-American editor and journalist
 Kolanka Venkata Raju, Indian musician, mridangam player
 Krishnam Raju, Indian film actor and politician
 M. S. Raju, Indian film producer in Telugu cinema
 M. Venkataraju, Indian film music director
 Maniyanpilla Raju, Indian film actor and producer in Malayalam cinema
 Manohar Raju, Indian-American lawyer and politician, Public Defender of San Francisco
 Manthena Venkata Raju, Indian politician and social worker
 Pallam Raju, Indian politician
 Pusapati Vijayarama Gajapati Raju, Maharaja of Vizianagaram and Indian parliamentarian
 Pusapati Ashok Gajapati Raju, Indian politician, cabinet minister, Member of Parliament
 Prabhas Raju Uppalapati, Indian film actor in Telugu cinema
 Raju Ananthaswamy, Indian music director
 Raju Baruah, member of United Liberation Front of Assam in northeastern India
 Raju Bhatt (Baroda cricketer), Indian cricket player from Baroda cricket team
 Raju Gaikwad, Indian football player
 Raju Kher, Indian film actor in Hindi cinema
 Raju Narisetti, Indian businessman
 Raju Rai, Indian-American badminton player
 Raju Sundaram, Indian film actor, director and choreographer in Tamil cinema
 Raju Shetti, Indian politician
 Raju Shrestha alias Master Raju, Indian film and television actor in Hindi cinema
 Raju Srivastav, Indian standup comedian
 Raju Tamang, Nepalese football player
 Ram Gopal Varma, Indian film director, screenwriter and producer in Hindi and Telugu cinema
 S. M. Raju, Indian civil servant
 Srini Raju, Indian businessman
 T. V. Raju, South Indian music director
 Venkatapathy Raju, Indian cricketer, left arm spin bowler
 Yosri Derma Raju, Malaysian football player
 Raju, a fictional character portrayed by Akshay Kumar in the Indian comedy film series Hera Pheri
 Akshay Kumar (born as Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia), Indian actor, sometimes nicknamed Raju
 Raju Ustad, a fictional villain portrayed by Danny Dengzongpa, from the 1974 Indian film Chor Machaye Shor

Others
 MMA Raju, an Estonian mixed martial arts promotion
 Raju (film), a 2011 short film
 Raju, Iran, a village in Iran

See also
Raja (disambiguation)
Sinhala Kingdom

The Sinhala Kingdom or Sinhalese Kingdom refers to the successive Sinhalese kingdoms that existed in what is today Sri Lanka. The Sinhalese kingdoms are kingdoms known by the city at which its administrative centre was located. These are in chronological order: the kingdoms of Tambapanni, Upatissa Nuwara, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Dambadeniya, Gampola, Kotte, Sitawaka and Kandy.

The Sinhala kingdom ceased to exist by 1815, following the British takeover. While the Sinhala kingdom is claimed to have existed from 543 BCE to 1815 CE, other political entities co-existed in Sri Lanka spanning certain partial periods, including the Jaffna kingdom (which existed 1215–1624 CE), Vanni chieftaincies (which existed from 12th century –1803 CE) and the Portuguese and Dutch colonies (Which existed 1597–1658 CE and 1640–1796 respectively). During these partial periods of time, these political entities were not part of the Sinhala Kingdom, except Jaffna and the Vanni chieftaincies following the invasion by Parakramabahu VI, until his death.

Records by Faxian thero and the Mahavamsa suggests it may have extended to Maldives and parts of India as well.

Epochs according to the Mahavamsa chronology
 Kingdom of Tambapanni (543 BC–505 BC)
 Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara (505–377 BC)
 Kingdom of Anuradhapura (377 BC – 1017 AD)
 Kingdom of Polonnaruwa (1056–1236)
 Kingdom of Dambadeniya (1236–1272)
 Kingdom of Gampola (1345–1408)
 Kingdom of Kotte (1408–1598)
 Kingdom of Sitawaka (1521–1593)
 Kingdom of Kandy (1590–1815)

Notes

References

Names of Sri Lanka
History of Sri Lanka
Former monarchies of South Asia
Ásgeir Helgason

Ásgeir R. Helgason (born 1957) is an Icelandic scientist working at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden. Since 2002 he has been an associate professor in psychology at the Departments of Oncology-Pathology and Public Health at the Karolinska Institutet and Reykjavik University, Iceland.

Ásgeir is best known for his population based research on sexual function and emotional isolation in elderly men and prostate cancer patients, patient trade-off and his work on smoking cessation and quitlines. Helgason was a prime mover in the establishment of the Swedish and Icelandic national quitlines for smoking cessation (1998) and responsible for their development. He was also engaged in the development of a similar telephone-based proactive treatment for people who seek help for controlling their alcohol consumption (alcohol quitline).

Other work includes research on motivational interviewing and palliative care,
followed by an ethical analysis of facilitating death talk in end-of-life care.

Ásgeir has two sons. His  brother-in-law is writer and humourist Tim Moore, his father is scientist Helgi Valdimarsson and he is a brother of scientist Agnar Helgason.

References and sources

PhD thesis (1997): Prostate Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life – a Three Level Epidemiological Approach
Sexual function in middle aged and elderly men: 
Emotional isolation in elderly men: 
Smoking cessation - quitlines: 
SvD - on emotional isolation (Swedish): 
Aftonbladet - on emotional isolation (Swedish): 
DN - on oral tobacco (Swedish): 
DN debatt (Swedish)Samtal om döden/Death talk
List of scientific publications at US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health 
Death talk

1957 births
Asgeir Helgason
Asgeir Helgason
Asgeir Helgason
Living people
Yūtarō

Yūtarō is a common Japanese given name for males.

Possible writings
Yūtarō can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. Here are some examples: 

The characters used for "taro" (太郎) literally means "thick (big) son" and usually used as a suffix to a masculine name, especially for the first son. The "yu" part of the name can use a variety of characters, each of which will change the meaning of the name ("勇" for bravery, "優" for kindness, "悠" and so on).

勇太郎, "bravery, big son"
友太郎, "friend, big son"
優太郎, "kindness, big son"
雄太郎, "male, big son"
悠太郎, "calm, big son"
裕太郎, "abundant, big son"

Other combinations...

勇太朗, "bravery, thick, bright"
勇多朗, "bravery, many, bright"
勇汰朗, "bravery, excessive, bright"
雄太朗, "male, thick, bright"
悠太朗, "calm, thick, bright"

The name can also be written in hiragana ゆうたろう or katakana ユウタロウ.

Notable people with the name

, Japanese footballer for Gainare Tottori
, Japanese football player
, Japanese footballer for Sanfrecce Hiroshima
, Japanese professional footballer
, Japanese baseball player
, Japanese football player 
, Japanese singer-songwriter 
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese baseball player
, Japanese football player
, Japanese baseball player
, Japanese football player 
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese baseball player
, Japanese footballer

Fictional characters
, a character in Rurouni Kenshin manga and anime.
, a character in Haikyu!! with the position of middle blocker from Aoba Johsai High

Japanese masculine given names
Masculine given names