alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Terrapene ornata

Terrapene ornata is a species of North American box turtle sometimes referred to as the western box turtle or the ornate box turtle. It is one of two recognized species of box turtle in the United States, having two subspecies. The second recognized species of box turtle is the eastern box turtle,  Terrapene carolina. T. carolina has six subspecies, two of which are endemic to Mexico.

Taxonomy 
There are two subspecies of T. ornata:

Ornate box turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata (Agassiz, 1857)
Desert box turtle, Terrapene ornata luteola (Smith & Ramsey, 1952)

Description 
T. ornata has a shell that is less domed than other species of box turtle, appearing to be slightly flattened. Their coloration is generally black or dark brown, with yellow striping. T. o. luteola tends to have more striping than T. o. ornata.

T. o. ornata are generally more bold in their approach to predators, often stretching their legs and head out in an attempt to look big. T. o. luteola are more likely to close up into their shell and utilize their hinged plastron as protection. 

Both sub-species, although they live in dry, arid environments, will dig deep burrows to escape the heat and allow access to higher humidity content.

Range 
T. ornata ornata is found in the central United States from western Indiana, to eastern Texas, and into Louisiana; it can also be found in Northeastern New Mexico. T. ornata luteola inhabits the driest areas of all the box turtle species, and is found in western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and adjoining areas of northern Mexico.

Conservation
In Indiana, the ornate box turtle is listed as an endangered species.

Symbol

The species became the official state reptile of Kansas in 1986.

References

External links

Chelonia.org: Box Turtles
Ornate Box Turtle, Reptiles and Amphibians of Iowa
Terrapene ornata, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Terrapene
Reptiles described in 1857
Busking Day

Busking days are events organised by councils, municipalities, community groups or other organisations to encourage busking in the town, city or other location on a specific day or number of days in a year. Many busking days have become established events, occurring yearly. Some busking days have transformed into street entertainment festivals where the acts are booked and paid an appearance fee or paid an appearance fee and also allowed to 'hat' the audiences. Hatting being the traditional means that acts receive payment for their performances.

In 2010, PRS for Music called on a national busking day in the UK as well as the creation of 'busk stops' to act as a designated area where buskers can play in every town across the country. The campaign is currently being supported by the member of parliament Kevin Brennan, who raised the idea as an early day motion. Busk in London hosted National Busking Day across the UK in 2015. This has grown to International Busking Day in July 2016, with 120 cities around the world taking part. International Busking Day kick starts the Busk in London Festival, Trafalgar Square.

See also 
Busking
List of busking locations

References

External links 
Busk in London Festival (UK)
International Busking Day (worldwide)
Wymondham Music Festival (Norfolk, UK)
Wymondham Busking Day 2005 (UK)
Wymondham Music Festival (UK)
Takoma Park Folk Festival (US)
Toronto Buskerfest (Canada)
Downtown Buskers Festival (Canada)
Tokyo Busker Festival (Japan)
Ferrara Buskers' Festival (Italy)
Coffs Harbour Buskers & Comedy Festival (Australia)
Chicago buskerfest (US)
All Ireland Busking Festival (Ireland)
Singapore Buskers' Festival (Singapore)
Newburyport, MA Buskers' Festival (USA)
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada International Buskers Festival (Canada)
Phoenix Busking Festival, Tullamore (Ireland)

Street performance
Busking venues
Macropore

In soil, macropores are defined as cavities that are larger than 75 μm. Functionally, pores of this size host preferential soil solution flow and rapid transport of solutes and colloids. Macropores increase the hydraulic conductivity of soil, allowing water to infiltrate and drain quickly, and shallow groundwater to move relatively rapidly via lateral flow. In soil, macropores are created by plant roots, soil cracks, soil fauna, and by aggregation of soil particles into peds.

Macropores may be defined differently in other contexts. Within the context of porous solids (i.e., not porous aggregations such as soil), colloid and surface chemists define macropores as cavities that are larger than 50 nm.

See also
 Characterisation of pore space in soil
 Nanoporous materials

References

Hydrology
Soil physics
Porous media
Miechów (disambiguation)

Miechów is a town in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland.

Miechów may also refer to the following villages: 
Miechów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Miechów, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
Miechów, Masovian Voivodeship, (east-central Poland)

See also
 Miechowo
 Miechów-Kolonia
WMUM-FM

WMUM-FM (89.7 FM) (formerly WDCO-FM) is the Georgia Public Broadcasting (GPB) Public radio station serving Macon and central Georgia.  The station shares a tower with its sister GPB Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member television station, WMUM-TV, in Cochran, its city of license.

The station is a partnership, established in 2006, between Mercer University and GPB.  The station provides local content to central Georgia public radio listeners from its broadcast studio on Mercer's Macon campus.  The studio, constructed in 2006, offers various media-related educational opportunities for Mercer students.  The station's call letters were changed to WMUM-FM (Mercer University Macon) to identify the current partnership with Mercer.

The station, under its former call letters, WDCO-FM, was one of the first GPB radio stations, signing on in 1984.  As WDCO-FM, the station only simulcasted the GPB radio network, with no local origination.  The new broadcast studio airs local programming.

References

External links 
 Georgia Public Broadcasting

Radio stations established in 1985
Mercer University
NPR member stations
MUM-FM
1985 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
SSCV Thialf

The SSCV Thialf is a huge semi-submersible crane vessel operated by Heerema Marine Contractors, and it was the largest crane vessel in the world until the  became the largest in 2019.

History
The ship was constructed in 1985 as DB-102 for McDermott International by Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. In 1997, it was taken over by Heerema Marine Contractors after discontinuation of their joint venture with McDermott, HeereMac, and renamed Thialf.

Layout
The Thialf has two cranes with a combined maximum lifting capacity of 14,200 metric tons.

It is equipped with a class III dynamic positioning system. Propulsion and position keeping is by six 5,500 kW retractable azimuthing thrusters. For shallow waters there are 12 Flipper Delta anchors, 22.5 t, with 2,500 meter, 80 mm mooring wire.

The hull consists of two pontoons with four columns each. Transit draught is about 12 metres. For lifting operations it will normally be ballasted down to . This way the pontoons (with a draught of 13.6 metres) are well submerged to reduce the effect of waves and swell.

It is able to accommodate 736 people.

Lightship weight is 72,484 t.

Noteworthy projects
 Installing the pylon of the Erasmus Bridge in 1995.
 Decommissioning of the Brent Spar in 1998.
 In 2000 it set a world record of 11,883 t by lifting Shell's Shearwater topsides, beaten by Saipem 7000 in 2004 with the Sabratha deck lifting of 12,150 t.
 In 2004 it installed the topsides on BP's Holstein, at the time the world's largest spar. The lift was a record for the Gulf of Mexico: 7,810 t. The current record for Gulf of Mexico is now held by the Saipem 7000 with the 9,521 t of PEMEX PB-KU-A2 deck installed in March 2007.
 In 2005 it installed the heaviest single piece foundation piles: 2.74 meters diameter x 190 meters long, weighing 818 t each for Chevron's Benguela Belize compliant tower.
 In 2009 the ship became involved in the Alpha Ventus project, the first German offshore windfarm.
 2017-2018: The Thialf was involved in the installation of the platform sections of the Johan Sverdrup Complex—part of the development of the Johan Sverdrup oil field.

Footnotes

External links
 Heerema's Thialf page
 Actual position, status, weather and other updates from SSCV Thialf
 offshore-vessels.net/thialf
 Current position and photos of SSCV Thialf at Digital-Seas.com

Ships built by Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding
Ships of the Netherlands
Crane vessels
Semi-submersibles
1985 ships
Menands Bridge

The Menands Bridge, officially known as the Troy-Menands Bridge, is a four-span through truss bridge that carries New York State Route 378 across the Hudson River in New York connecting Menands with Troy. Built in 1933, the crossing is supported by concrete piers and - even though it was designed and constructed at the end of the first third of the 20th century - was originally fitted with a lift section to accommodate tall ships.

The section's lifting device was removed in 1966, but the elevating towers remained until their removal in the summer of 2000.

Today the bridge has a clearance over the water of , and a horizontal clearance between spans of . In addition, NYSDOT is planning to replace this bridge within the next 10 years.

See also
List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River

References

External links
 Troy-Menands Bridge at Capital Highways

Bridges over the Hudson River
Bridges completed in 1933
Vertical lift bridges in New York (state)
Road bridges in New York (state)
Truss bridges in the United States
Bridges in Albany County, New York
Bridges in Rensselaer County, New York
Sutherland Cup

The Sutherland Cup is the ice hockey Ontario Junior "B" Provincial Championship trophy. The trophy was first awarded in 1934, and named in honour of former OHA and CAHA president, James T. Sutherland. 

The Sutherland Cup is now the championship trophy of the Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League. Until 2007, the Cup served as an interleague provincial championship. From 1976 until 1978, as many as eight leagues competed for the Sutherland Cup in a massive playdown structure that took months to complete.

There is no National Championship for Junior B hockey in Canada, similar championships are held in Western Canada (Keystone Cup), Quebec (Coupe Dodge), Eastern Ontario (Barkley Cup), and Atlantic Canada (Don Johnson Memorial Cup)—leaving five teams at the end of each year with a shared claim to being the best Junior B team in Canada.

Competing leagues
Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League (GOJHL) 2007 to present

Past competing leagues
Border Cities Junior B Hockey League (BCJHL) 1958–1964
Central Junior B Hockey League (CJBHL) 1954–1993
Eastern Junior B Hockey League (EJBHL) 1955–1972
Golden Horseshoe Junior Hockey League (GHJHL) 1974–2007
Metro Junior B Hockey League (MetJHL) 1956–1989
Mid-Ontario Junior B Hockey League (MOJBHL) 1968–1978
Mid-Western Junior Hockey League (MWJBHL) 1977–2007
 Southwestern Junior B Hockey League (SJBHL) 1973–1974
a.k.a. Waterloo-Wellington Junior B Hockey League (WWJHL) 1974–1977
Niagara District Junior B Hockey League (NJBHL) 1956–1979
Southwestern Junior B Hockey League (SWJBHL) 1976–1978
Western Junior B Hockey League (WOJBHL) 1956–1968
Western Ontario Hockey League (WOHL) 1969–2007

Sutherland Cup Champions

(*) advanced to championship round as wild card. Lost in conference final, but advanced based on superior record over the other two conference finalists.

References

External links
GOJHL

Canadian ice hockey trophies and awards
Ice hockey tournaments in Canada
Ontario awards
Ontario Hockey Association
Congress Street Bridge

The Congress Street Bridge carries NY 2 across the Hudson River connecting Watervliet, New York with Troy, New York. 

The bridge has slated improvements to bring multimodal transportation to this bridge.

See also
List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River

References

Bridges over the Hudson River
Bridges in Rensselaer County, New York
Road bridges in New York (state)
Steel bridges in the United States
Girder bridges in the United States
Decalepis hamiltonii

Decalepis hamiltonii is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is endemic to Peninsular India and known by its names of maredu kommulu, nannari kommulu or madina kommulu in Telugu, makali beru or vagani beru in Kannada and magali kizhangu in Tamil is a plant whose root is used in Ayurvedic medicines and for use in pickles and to make sharbat.

The English name of swallowroot is sometimes used for the plant and studies have shown that it has insecticidal activity and a potential use in control of stored grain pests. The active ingredient in the root was synthesized and encapsulated with beta-cyclodextrins. The roots were also subjected to supercritical carbon-dioxide based extraction at the Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.
The plant is often confused with Hemidesmus indicus, Indian sarsaparilla 
The root contains antioxidants and extraction methods for it have been patented.

The popularity of Decalepis in the international market has recently made its price soar and sends worrying signals about it getting being endangered due to over-exploitation.

References

Periplocoideae
William St. Clair Tisdall

William St. Clair Tisdall (1859–1928) was a British Anglican priest, linguist, historian and philologist who served as the Secretary of the Church of England's Missionary Society in Isfahan, Persia.

Career
Tisdall was the principal at the Training College in Amritsar and later was the missionary in charge of the C.M.S. Muhammadan Mission in Bombay.

He was fluent in several Middle Eastern languages, including Arabic, and spent much time researching the sources of Islam and the Qur'an in the original languages. He also wrote grammars for Persian, Hindustani, Punjabi and Gujarati.

As an early scholar of Gujarati grammar, he defined three major varieties of Gujarati: a standard 'Hindu' dialect, a 'Parsi' dialect and a 'Muslim' dialect.

Recent criticisms of Tisdall
Clinton Bennett, in his Victorian Images of Islam (1992), paints Tisdall as a confrontationalist perpetuating a traditional Christian anti-Muslim polemic. 

Tisdall was one of thirteen authors whose essays were compiled in The Origins of The Koran: Classic Essays on Islam’s Holy Book, a 1998 book edited by Ibn Warraq. In reviewing the compilation, religious studies professor Herbert Berg panned the inclusion of Tisdall's work as "not a particularly scholarly essay". Berg concluded "[i]t seems that Ibn Warraq has included some of the essays not on the basis of their scholarly value or their status as 'classics', but rather on the basis of their hostility to Islam. This does not necessarily diminish the value of the collection, but the reader should be aware that this collection does not fully represent classic scholarship on the Quran".

Tisdall accuses Muhammad of inventing revelations according to what he believed to be the need of the moment.

Bibliography
 The Gospel of St. John in the original Greek : (the revisers' text) : together with literal interlinear translations into Urdu and Persian, and Persian notes upon certain difficult passages, Printed at the Allahabad Mission Press for the Punjab Bible Society, Allahabad, 1890
 A simplified grammar of the Gujarātī language together with a short reading book and vocabulary, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1892 (Trübner's Collection of Simplified Grammars of the Principal Asiatic and European Languages); reprinted Bombay, D. B. Taraporevala, n.d.; New York, Frederick Ungar, 1961; New Delhi: Asian Educational Series, 1986
 A Manual of the Leading Muhammadan Objections to Christianity, London:  Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1904
  The Original Sources of the Qu'ran: Its Origin In Pagan Legends and Mythology, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1905

References

1859 births
1928 deaths
History of Quran scholars
British orientalists
Namal Institute

The Namal University is a private university in Rikhi, Mianwali District, Punjab, Pakistan.

Overview

The Institute is located on 30 km, Talagang Mianwali Road near Namal Lake. Initially, it was established as an affiliated college of the University of Bradford, UK.
Later in 2019 Namal College acquired a DAI (Degree Awarding Institute) status and thus became Namal Institute. Imran Khan was sweeper at Namal Education Foundation which is the sponsoring body of Namal Knowledge City including this institute. The initial 40 kanal of land area for this institute was provided by a local resident Ghulam Muhammad Seelu. Now it has more than 1000 acres of land overlooking the Namal Lake. There are more than 300 students studying in this institute for whom more than 90% are on financial support.

Academic programs
The Institute offers following four-year degree programs:
 BSc (Hons) Computer Science
 BSc Electrical Engineering
 Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
 BSc (Hons) Mathematics

Academic partnerships
Namal Institute has a close  relationship with University of Mianwali and also an advisory relationship with Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS).

References

External links
 NAMAL official website

Universities and colleges in Mianwali District
Educational institutions established in 2008
2008 establishments in Pakistan
Engineering universities and colleges in Pakistan
Imran Khan
Army Institute of Technology

Army Institute of Technology is an engineering college located in Pune, Maharashtra, India. It is affiliated to the University of Pune. Only wards of army personnel are admitted in this institute. AIT is operated by the Army Welfare Education Society (AWES) and has the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army (COAS), as the president of its board of governors.

Governance 
AIT has a one-tier governance structure. At the highest level is the Board of Governors with the COAS as president, and the VCOAS and all Army Commanders (except the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, South Western Command) as Vice Presidents. The managing director of AWES is designated as the Member Secretary, with the following officers being Members: DCOAS (IS & T), DCOAS (P & S), Adjutant General (AG), Quartermaster General (QMG), Master General Ordnance (MGO), Military secretary (MS), Engineer-in-Chief, three Heads of Arms/Services in rotation, Director General (Discipline, Ceremonials & Welfare) and the Judge Advocate General (JAG).
This is followed by a twelve-member Governing Body, which includes nominees from AICTE, the University of Pune and the Government of Maharashtra, and a ten-member Local Managing Committee, which includes representatives from each of the teaching faculties.

Rankings

Army Institute of Technology was ranked 172 among engineering colleges by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2022.

References 

Colleges affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University
Engineering colleges in Pune
1994 establishments in Maharashtra
Educational institutions established in 1994
Green Island Bridge

The Green Island Bridge crosses the Hudson River in New York, connecting Green Island with Troy, passing through Starbuck Island.  It opened September 12, 1981.

History
The original Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad bridge was a wood-truss covered bridge built in 1832.  On May 10, 1862, it caught fire from the sparks of a passing locomotive and soon fell into the river. Parts of the burning structure, floating with the current, imperiled the steamboats and the smaller craft tied up along the wharves.  The devastating wind-driven fire also consumed more than 500 buildings covering  of downtown Troy.  This bridge was replaced by a second wooden bridge.

In 1884 a steel railroad bridge replaced the second wooden bridge.  The steel bridge was really two parallel bridges owned by the Delaware and Hudson Railroad. When rail service ended in Troy on July 27, 1963, it was converted for automobile traffic.  Until then the northern span was a rail bridge, and the southern span was a toll bridge for cars, trolleys, and pedestrians.  It had a lift span added in 1924-25 for river shipping. This bridge failed on March 15, 1977, due to flooding caused by  of heavy weekend rains, coupled with melting snows and heavy runoff.  The flood-induced scour undermined the lift span pier, causing the western lift tower and roadbed span of the bridge to collapse into the Hudson River.

The current Green Island Bridge (shown in the photos) was opened four-and-a-half years later on September 12, 1981.  Construction costs topped $23,000,000.   The bridge is a vertical lift bridge which is raised only occasionally for river traffic.  The two metal-covered frames, which straddle the roadway, house the counterweights and lift mechanisms. The lift bridge joins Troy and Center Island (once known as Starbuck Island), an island in the river.  There is another bridge that connects Center Island with the village of Green Island (which is no longer an island).

See also
List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River
List of reference routes in New York

References

External links

 Historic Photos of Green Island Bridge   (scan down page to "Hudson River Bridge" section)
Green Island Bridge at Capital Highways

Vertical lift bridges in New York (state)
Bridges over the Hudson River
Bridges completed in 1832
Covered bridges in New York (state)
Bridges completed in 1884
Bridges completed in 1981
Bridges in Rensselaer County, New York
Wooden bridges in New York (state)
Road bridges in New York (state)
Former toll bridges in New York (state)
Girder bridges in the United States
William Tate (soldier)

Chef de brigade William Tate was the Irish-born American commander of a French invasion force known as La Légion Noire ("The Black Legion") which invaded Britain in 1797, resulting in the Battle of Fishguard.

In 1793, French Consul Michel Ange Bernard Mangourit wanted to capture Florida from Spain.  He commissioned William Tate as a French Colonel to raise and lead a force of Americans.  Tate was instructed to recruit from outside the United States, but he recruited from the region of the Carolinas, especially rural settlers. In February 1794, Jean Antoine Joseph Fauchet, arrived in Philadelphia as the new French ambassador, and rescinded Tate's commission.

South Carolina threatened to arrest Tate for treason, and he fled to France in 1795, where he was given command of the Légion Noire during the 1797 invasion of Britain. The 1,200 to 1,400-strong Légion Noire landed at Carregwastad Point, near the Welsh port of Fishguard, on February 22 but surrendered three days later at the Battle of Fishguard.  After brief imprisonment, Tate was returned to France in a prisoner exchange in 1798, along with most of his invasion force. This was the last invasion of the British mainland by foreign forces.

Tate reportedly held a grudge against the British because his family had been killed by pro-British Native Americans in the American War of Independence, and he advocated Irish republicanism.

Many historians, following E. H. Stuart Jones, the author of The Last Invasion of Britain (1950), have suggested that William Tate was about 70 years old in 1797; he was in fact 44.

Notes

References 



French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
Year of death missing
18th-century American people
1744 births
General Confederation of Liberal Trade Unions of Belgium

The General Confederation of Liberal Trade Unions of Belgium (ACLVB or CGSLB) is the smallest of Belgium's three major trade union federations.

Unlike the other socialist and catholic federations, the ideology of the ACLVB-CGSLB is explicitly liberal. The federation traces its origins to 1891 and its membership numbered 295,600 in 2016.

Most trade unionists belong directly to the federation, but it has one affiliate, the Free Syndicate of the Public Services.  This represents all public sector workers.

Presidents
1920–1942: Paul Lamborelle
1944–1959: Adolphe Van Glabbeke
1959–1989: Armand Colle
1989–1994: Willy Waldack
1994–2006: Guy Haaze
2006–2015: Jan Vercamst
2015–present: Mario Coppens

References

Bibliography

External links

Official site

Trade unions in Belgium
Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD
European Trade Union Confederation
Curcuma amada

Curcuma amada, or mango ginger is a plant of the ginger family Zingiberaceae and is closely related to turmeric (Curcuma longa). The rhizomes are very similar to common ginger but lack its pungency, and instead have a raw mango flavour.

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of the species is a subject of some confusion as some authorities have considered the name Curcuma mangga as identical while others describe it as a distinct species with C. mangga being found in southern India while C. amada is of east Indian origin.

Uses

Mango-ginger is a popular spice and vegetable due to its rich flavor, which is described as sweet with subtle earthy floral and pepper overtones and similar to that of raw mango. It is used as an addition to salads and stir fries, in South Asian and Southeast Asian as well as Far East Asian cuisines. 

Mango ginger are used in making pickles in south India and chutneys in north India. It is served as chutney in community feasts in Nepal's southern plains. Mango ginger and elephant foot yam pickle is popular in Nepal's southern plains.

References

Edible plants
amada
Taxa named by William Roxburgh
Collar City Bridge

The Collar City Bridge (also known as the Hoosick Street Bridge) carries NYS Route 7 (NY 7) across the Hudson River connecting Colonie, New York with Troy, by way of passing over Green Island.  Though the northern terminus of Interstate 787 (I-787) is unclear, there is sign evidence of a concurrency at least halfway across the bridge.

History

The bridge had been planned since the 1950s, but did not open to traffic until 1981 connecting Troy and Green Island to I-787. By the end of the decade, the Route 7 Freeway was completed with a connection to the bridge.  The bridge's official name, a reference to the City of Troy's nickname, was selected by an elderly couple in nearby Berlin.

See also
 
 
 
 List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River

References

 

Bridges over the Hudson River
Bridges completed in 1981
Road bridges in New York (state)
Interstate 87 (New York)
Bridges on the Interstate Highway System
Bridges in Rensselaer County, New York
Bridges in Albany County, New York
Girder bridges in the United States
Bob Christian

Robert Douglas Christian (born November 14, 1968) is a former American football fullback who played ten seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Chicago Bears, the Carolina Panthers, and the Atlanta Falcons from 1992 to 2002. He was drafted by the Falcons in the 12th round of the 1991 NFL Draft. He was selected by the Carolina Panthers in the 1995 NFL Expansion Draft.

College career 
Christian played college football for Northwestern University where he set records (since broken) for career rushing, single season rushing, and single game all-purpose yards.

Professional career 
Christian played with Chicago Bears and Carolina Panthers prior to signing with Atlanta in 1997 and had 831 yards and 12 touchdowns on 193 carries in 135 games, including 85 starts. He had 230 receptions for 2,048 yards and seven touchdowns. Christian retired on March 13, 2003, after 11 seasons in the NFL.

Current career 
After spending time training and guiding aspiring athletes with TCBOOST Sports Performance, founded by his brother Tommy, he is now following his dream of flying and serves as a captain for Omaha based JetLinx in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

References

External links 
Bob Christian NFL Football Statistics - Pro-Football

1968 births
Living people
People from Florissant, Missouri
American football fullbacks
Northwestern Wildcats football players
Chicago Bears players
Carolina Panthers players
Atlanta Falcons players
Players of American football from St. Louis County, Missouri
McCluer North High School alumni
Toshihiko Nakajima

was a Japanese actor and voice actor from Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture who was affiliated with Gekidan 21 Seiki Fox at the time of his death. He was previously affiliated with Ken Production.

Filmography

Anime
Carlos in Cowboy Bebop
Lemint in Fushigiboshi no Futagohime
Kojiro Murdoch & Tad Elsman in Gundam Seed
Hachiemon, Rikichi in Inuyasha
Clyde in Outlaw Star
Masami Hirukawa in Paranoia Agent
Montand in Princess Tutu
Da Ruma in Tenchi Muyo! GXP
Paul in Di Gi Charat Nyo!
Landbullet in Transformers: Galaxy Force
Chief Nagase in ToHeart Remember my Memories
Yagi-chan in Hajime no Ippo
Tome-san in Detective Conan
Farmer Brown and the Yamato no Orochi in Ranma ½
Doctor (ep5) in Rumiko Takahashi Anthology
Customer 1, Kohran's Father, Man, Operator A, Police Officer B & Supervisor in Sakura Wars
Movie Orator in Sakura Wars OVA
Wise Men Staff in Sakura Wars: The Movie

Films
Hachiemon in Inuyasha the Movie: Affections Touching Across Time
Hachiemon in Inuyasha the Movie: The Castle Beyond the Looking Glass
Wanton in Ranma ½: Battle at Togenkyo! Get Back the Brides

Dubbing
Captain America (Lieutenant Colonel Louis (Michael Nouri))

Sound director
Blade
Chaos Head
Infinite Stratos
Kanokon
Kobato.
RideBack
Sands of Destruction

References

External links
Toshihiko Nakajima at IMDB
Toshihiko Nakajima at Ryu's Seiyuu Infos

1962 births
2017 deaths
Male voice actors from Nagoya
Japanese male voice actors
Japanese voice directors
Ken Production voice actors
Ashina Xichun

Ashina Xichun, also known as Chuluo Khagan (Turkic: Çula Han, , Middle Chinese: (Guangyun) , died 620), was the khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, and second son of Yami Qaghan. He succeeded his elder brother Shibi and ruled for 18 months.

Reign 
Since Ashina Shibobi was still a minor, Ilteber shad () succeeded his elder brother as khagan, also creating him Nipu shad and appointing eastern territories to him. He terminated the campaign started by his brother after receiving a large tribute from Tang.

Nevertheless, he created Yang Zhengdao, a posthumous son of Yang Jian, as puppet King of Sui (隋國王). Starting to plan a major assault as advised by Liang Shidu, he became allied to Wang Shichong and Dou Jiande. As part of the plan, he requested Dou to cross the Taihang Mountains and meet him at Jin (晉州, roughly modern Linfen, Shanxi) and Jiang (絳州, roughly modern Yuncheng, Shanxi) Prefectures.

However he died from illness, possibly poisoned by the Minister of Ceremonies () Zheng Yuanshu (鄭元璹). Perpetrators were executed by Illig Qaghan.

Family 
He married the Sui dynasty's Princess Yicheng (義成公主) in heqin, the former wife of Qimin in levirate marriage along with other wives. Issues:

 Ashina Momo (阿史那摸末, 607 - 649) - was titled Yushe shad (郁射設) and married to someone of Imperial Li (李) clan.
 Ashina Wushi (阿史那勿施, d.683)
 Ashina Dachen (阿史那大臣)
 Ashina Yanchen (阿史那彦臣)
 Ashina Dichen (阿史那帝臣)
 Ashina Mingchen (阿史那名臣)
 Ashina Jianchen (阿史那諫臣)
 Ashina She'er (阿史那社爾, 609-655) - was titled To shad in youth and married to Princess Hengyang (衡陽公主), daughter of Gaozu.
 Ashina Daozhen (阿史那道真) - a general in Tang army.
Ashina Danai (阿史那大奈), later changed his name to Shi Danai (史大奈) - a general in Tang army.

References

Sources

Zongzheng, Xue (1992). "A History of Turks". Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press. . p. 208-213.

Year of birth missing
620 deaths
Göktürk khagans
Ashina house of the Turkic Empire
7th-century monarchs in Asia
Mertensia virginica

Mertensia virginica (common names Virginia bluebells, Virginia cowslip, lungwort oysterleaf, Roanoke bells) is a spring ephemeral plant in the Boraginaceae (borage) family with bell-shaped sky-blue flowers, native to eastern North America.

Description
Virginia bluebells have rounded (ovate) and gray-green leaves, borne on stems up to  tall. The leaves are up to  long, smooth (entire) along their margins, petiolate at the bottom of the flower stem, and sessile at the top. 

The inflorescence is a nodding group, or cyme of flowers located at the end of the arched stems. The flower buds are pink, and the opened flowers are usually light blue, but occasionally pink and rarely white. The flowers have 5 shallow lobes fused into a tube at the base of the flower, five stamens, and a central pistil (carpel).

Distribution and habitat
M. virginica is native in the United States from Kansas in the west, to Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia in the south, and to Maine in the northeast. It is native in Canada in Ontario and Quebec. The plant can be found in rich, moist woods and on low, wooded hillsides. They often form large groups.

Ecology
The plant develops very early in the spring and flowers mid-spring. In early summer, each fertilized flower produces four seeds within wrinkled nuts. The plant then goes dormant till the next spring. 

The flowers attract long-tongued bees, such as bumblebees, butterflies, moths, skippers, hummingbird moths, flower flies, bee flies, and hummingbirds.

Uses 
Virginia bluebells had several uses in traditional Native American medicine, including as a pulmonary aid, tuberculosis treatment, and treatment for whooping cough (Cherokee,) root infusion antidote for treating poison, and root decoction venereal to treat venereal issues (Iroquois.) . Native Americans believed a tonic made from this plant could help heal those who were under-the-weather. 

Mertensia virginica is edible, including the flowers. 

In cultivation, M. virginica has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Nomenclature
Mertensia virginica is the type species for the genus Mertensia and was first described by Linnaeus in 1753 as Pulmonaria virginica. The genus Pulmonaria is today restricted to 19 species in the tribe Boragineae. When Albrecht Wilhelm Roth erected the genus Mertensia in 1797, he named the Virginia bluebell as Mertensia pulmonarioides, apparently unaware that Linnaeus had already named it in his Species Plantarum. Roth's name is a superfluous synonym and has been used in recent literature.

References

External links

Wildflower.org: Native Plant Identification Network
Missouri Plants: Mertensia virginica
Illinois Plant Information Network: Mertensia virginica
RHS Plant Selector: Mertensia virginica
Pulmonaria  Species Plantarum vol. 1  Botanicus
Nomenclature of the Virginia bluebell  Volume 21, View Book  SIDA, contributions to botany  BHL
 

virginica
Flora of Eastern Canada
Flora of the Eastern United States
Runoff (hydrology)

Runoff is the flow of water across the earth, and is a major component in the hydrological cycle. Runoff that flows over land before reaching a watercourse is referred to as surface runoff or overland flow. Once in a watercourse, runoff is referred to as streamflow, channel runoff, or river runoff.
Urban runoff is surface runoff created by urbanization.

Background

Surface runoff

Urban runoff

Channel runoff

Model

Curve number

References

Hydrology
BPC

BPC may refer to:

Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation, a government tourism organization of Bangladesh
Bâtiment de projection et de commandement (projection and command ship), the Mistral class of amphibious assault ships
Battery Park City, a neighborhood in New York City
Bible Presbyterian Church, an American Protestant denomination
 Bits per component (or per channel, or per color), bpc, defining color depth
Blais Proteomic Center, Molecular Biology Core Facilities, at Dana–Farber Cancer Institute
British Phosphate Commission
Bournemouth and Poole College, England
BPC (time signal), a low frequency time code time signal from China
BPitch Control, a German record label 
Brewton–Parker College, Mount Vernon, Georgia, U.S.
British Patient Capital, a subsidiary of the British Business Bank
British Pharmaceutical Codex, supplementing the British Pharmacopoeia
British Pharmacopoeia Commission, responsible for the British Pharmacopoeia
British Phosphate Commission, managed extraction of phosphate from Christmas Island, Nauru, and Banaba Island 1920–1981
British Polling Council, an association of market research companies
British Poultry Council, a national trade group for the poultry meat industry
Burns Philp, Australian Securities Exchange code
British Purchasing Commission, an organisation in the Second World War
Business process customization, a function in process management software
(Can't Live Without Your) Love and Affection

"(Can't Live Without Your) Love and Affection" is a song by American rock band Nelson. It was released in 1990 on DGC Records and backed with "Will You Love Me?". The song was based on a crush on Cindy Crawford. The music video features model and actress Judie Aronson who first appears on the cover of a magazine called "Vague", a parody of Vogue magazine. 

The song topped the Billboard Hot 100 on September 29, 1990, becoming the only single from the band to top the chart. This made the Nelson family, in which Nelson's own Matthew and Gunnar Nelson are the sons of Ricky Nelson, the only family to have three generations of number one singles.

The production on the single and its B-side, "Will You Love Me?", was done by David Thoener and Marc Tanner. It also appears as the first track on Nelson's album, After the Rain.  The song is used in Beavis and Butt-Head.  American boyband Natural covered the song for their 2002 album Keep It Natural.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

1990 songs
1990 debut singles
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Cashbox number-one singles
Geffen Records singles
Songs written by Marc Tanner
Nelson (band) songs
Troy–Waterford Bridge

The Troy–Waterford Bridge carries U.S. Route 4 across the Hudson River in New York connecting Waterford with Troy. The bridge is two lanes wide, with sidewalks on both sides. The bridge serves as a replacement for the 1804-built Union Bridge, which burned on July 10, 1909.

The Waterford Bridges, which include the current bridge and the original 1804 bridge, were designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2013.

The Troy-Waterford Bridge uses the same piers as the original 1804 bridge, and if that bridge is counted, it was the first bridge across the Hudson River south of the Adirondacks. At first it carried pedestrians and horse drawn vehicles, but a railroad track was added to it when the locomotive was invented. The current bridge has no railroad tracks.

See also
 
 
 
 List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River

References

Bridges over the Hudson River
Bridges completed in 1804

Road bridges in New York (state)
U.S. Route 4
Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System
Bridges in Rensselaer County, New York
Bridges in Saratoga County, New York
Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks
Truss bridges in the United States
1909 establishments in New York (state)
Himalaya Kingdom

The Himalaya kingdom was a mountainous country in the Himalayas, mentioned in the Puranas. In the puranas, Himavat was its ruler and his daughter Parvati was a princess from this kingdom.  The Indian epic Mahabharata doesn't mention a kingdom named Himalaya, but mentions many kingdoms in the Himalaya mountains like the Kuninda, Parvata, Nepa, Kirata, Kimpurusha, and Kinnara.

References in Mahabharata 
It was told that Arjuna made an expedition to the kingdoms in the mountainous Himalayan regions (2:27).  Having conquered all the Himalayas and the Nishkuta mountains and arriving at the White mountains, he encamped on its breast (2:26). Pandavas saw with delight the extensive domains of Suvahu, situated on the Himalayas, abounding in horses and elephants, densely inhabited by the Kiratas and the Tanganas, and crowded by hundreds of Pulindas (3:140). Pandavas were mentioned as mining gold from the gold mines of Himalayas at (14:63,64).

See also 
 Kingdoms of Ancient India
 Nepa Kingdom
 Parvata Kingdom
 Kirata Kingdom

References 
 Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated to English by Kisari Mohan Ganguli

External links
 Himalaya Kingdom

Kingdoms in the Puranas
Stripe-necked mongoose

The stripe-necked mongoose (Urva vitticolla) is a mongoose species native to forests and shrublands from southern India to Sri Lanka.

Characteristics 

It is rusty brown to grizzled grey, has a stout body and short legs, a black stripe that runs laterally on both sides of its neck. Its short tail is mostly black, but grey at the base. Head to body length is 46-50 cm with tail length of 32 cm. Males are larger and heavier than females with the weight of 3.1 kg. Females weigh about 1.7 kg.

Distribution and habitat 

The stripe-necked mongoose is distributed in the Western Ghats and in Sri Lanka.
In 1911, one individual was observed in southern Andhra Pradesh.

Behaviour and ecology 

It is diurnal and feeds on frogs, crabs, mouse deer, black naped hares, rodents, fowl, and reptiles. It generally avoids human habitation. They usually inhabit in riparian habitats or near abandoned tanks. In Sri Lanka, they are sparsely found within protected ranges such as national parks and sanctuaries. However, populations are commonly found over 2000 m altitude. Even though reproduction habits are unclear, pups have been noticed in mid-May.

Taxonomy
There are two subspecies. U. vitticolla vitticolla is from the provinces of Western Ghats, Coorg and Kerala, and has more of a reddish tint to its fur. The other, U. vitticolla inornata, is found in the Kanara province, and lacks a reddish tint to its fur.

See also
 Indian grey mongoose
 Ruddy mongoose

References

Pocock, R.I. (1941). The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia, 2nd Edition, 2. Taylor & Francis, London, U.K.
 Prater, S. H. (1971). The Book of Indian Animals – 3rd Edition.Bombay Natural History Society. Oxford University Press, Bombay, 324pp.
 Corbet, G.B. & J.E. Hill (1992). Mammals of the Indo-Malayan Region: A Systematic Review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
 Van Rompaey, H. & Jayakumar, M. N. (2003). The Stripe-necked Mongoose, Herpestes vitticollis. Small Carnivore Conservation 28: 14–17.
 Mudappa, D. (2013). Herpestids, viverrids and mustelids, pp. 471–498. In: Johnsingh, A.J.T. & N. Manjrekar (eds.). Mammals of South Asia -1. Universities Press, Hyderabad, India.
 Menon, V. (2014). Indian Mammals - A Field Guide. Hachette India, Gurgaon, India, 528pp.
 Sreehari, R. & P.O. Nameer (2016). Small carnivores of Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, southern Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(11): 9306–9315; https://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2311.8.11.9306-9315
 Nayak, A.K., M.V. Nair & P.P. Mohapatra (2014). Stripe-necked Mongoose Herpestes vitticollis in Odisha, eastern India: A biogeographically significant record. Small Carnivore Conservation 51: 71–73.

stripe-necked mongoose
Mammals of India
Mammals of Sri Lanka
Fauna of South India
stripe-necked mongoose
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN
Alternant matrix

In linear algebra, an alternant matrix is a matrix formed by applying a finite list of functions pointwise to a fixed column of inputs.  An alternant determinant is the determinant of a square alternant matrix. 

Generally, if  are functions from a set  to a field , and , then the alternant matrix has size  and is defined by

or, more compactly, . (Some authors use the transpose of the above matrix.) Examples of alternant matrices include Vandermonde matrices, for which , and Moore matrices, for which .

Properties
 The alternant can be used to check the linear independence of the functions  in function space. For example, let   and choose . Then the alternant is the matrix  and the alternant determinant is  Therefore M is invertible and the vectors  form a basis for their spanning set: in particular,  and  are linearly independent.

 Linear dependence of the columns of an alternant does not imply that the functions are linearly dependent in function space. For example, let   and choose . Then the alternant is  and the alternant determinant is 0, but we have already seen that  and  are linearly independent. 

 Despite this, the alternant can be used to find a linear dependence if it is already known that one exists. For example, we know from the theory of partial fractions that there are real numbers A and B for which  Choosing    and  we obtain the alternant . Therefore,  is in the nullspace of the matrix: that is, . Moving  to the other side of the equation gives the partial fraction decomposition 

 If  and  for any  then the alternant determinant is zero (as a row is repeated).

 If  and the functions  are all polynomials, then  divides the alternant determinant for all  In particular, if V is a Vandermonde matrix, then  divides such polynomial alternant determinants. The ratio  is therefore a polynomial in  called the bialternant. The Schur polynomial  is classically defined as the bialternant of the polynomials .

Applications
 Alternant matrices are used in coding theory in the construction of alternant codes.

See also
 List of matrices
 Wronskian

References
 
 
 

Matrices
Determinants
Nepa Kingdom

Nepa (also known as Nipa, Neepa) was a mountainous kingdom mentioned in the ancient Sanskrit epic Mahabharata. Its modern equivalent is identified as the Kingdom of Nepal, a country located in the mountainous terrain of the Himalayas.

References in Mahabharata

Nepas and king Yudhishthira 
Nepas was mentioned as a tribe who was under the sway of the Pandava king Yudhishthira:-  The Nipas, the Chitrakas, the Kukkuras, the Karaskaras, and the Lauha-janghas  were living in the palace of Yudhishthira like bondsmen (MBh 2:49). Nepas gave tribute to Yudhishthira during his Rajasuya sacrifice:- Numerous Chinas, Sakas, Uddras and many barbarous tribes were living in the woods, while many Vrishnis, Harahunas, and dusky tribes of the Himavat, and many Nipas were residing in regions on the sea-coast, waiting with tributes at the gate (of king Yudhishthira) (2:5).

Bhima's list of kings 
The Nepa king is mentioned in a list of kings whose acts lead to the destruction of their own race, much like in the case of Duryodhana, whose acts lead to the destruction of the Kuru race.

When Dharma became extinct, Kali was born in the race of Asuras flourishing with prosperity and blazing with energy. So was Udavarta born among the Haihayas, Janamejaya among the Nepas, Vahula among the Talajanghas, proud Vasu among the Krimis, Ajavindu among the Suviras, Rushardhik among the Surashtras, Arkaja among the Valihas, Dhautamulaka among the Chinas, Hayagriva among the Videhas, Varayu among the Mahaujasas, Vahu among the Sundaras, Pururavas among the Diptakshas, Sahaja among the Chedis and Matsyas and Vrishaddhaja among the Praviras, Dharana among the Chandra-batsyas, Bigahana among the Mukutas and Sama among the Nandivegas (5:74).

Other References 
At (13:34) we found the following passage where Nepas are mentioned as Nipas:- The Bhrigus conquered the Talajanghas. The son of Angiras conquered the Nipas. Bharadwaja conquered the Vitahavyas as well as the Ailas.

See also 
Kingdoms of Ancient India

References 
Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated to English by Kisari Mohan Ganguli

External links

Kingdoms in the Mahabharata
History of Nepal
Hub Tehsil

Hub Tehsil () is located in Hub District (former Lasbela District before 2022), Balochistan, Pakistan.

The tehsil is administratively subdivided into seven Union Councils and is headquartered at the city of Hub.

History 
Hub Tehsil was previously part of Lasbela District.

See also 
 Sonmiani
 Somiani Spaceport
 Sonmiani Beach
 Lasbela District
 Hub, Balochistan
 Hub Industrial and Trading Estate

References

Tehsils of Lasbela District
Populated places in Hub District