alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Arenópolis

Arenópolis is a municipality in eastern Goiás state, Brazil.  The population was 3,495 (2007) in a total area of 1,074.5 km2.

Location and Connections with Goiânia
Arenópolis is located in the Aragarças Microregion in an isolated and underpopulated region of eastern Goiás.  There are highway connections with Iporá, 42 km.to the east; and Piranhas, 32 km. to the west.  It is between the Rio Piranhas and the Rio Caiapó, both tributaries of the Araguaia River.

The distance to the state capital, Goiânia, is 285 km. and connections are made by GO-060 / Trindade / Turvânia / Israelândia.  
Neighboring municipalities are:
north:  Montes Claros de Goiás and Diorama
south:  Palestina de Goiás
east:  Iporá
west:  Piranhas

Demographic and Political Data
Population density: 3.25 inhabitants/km2 (2007)
Population growth rate 2000/2007: -1,91.%
Urban population: 2,116
Rural population: 1,379
Eligible voters:  2,955 (11/2007)
City government in 2005: mayor (Orestino Vilela Faria), vice-mayor (José Rodrigues de Souza), and 09 councilmembers

Economy
The main economic activities are cattle raising, agriculture, public administration, commerce, and small transformation industries.

There were 85,600 head of cattle in 2006, of which 9,600 were milk cows.
The main agricultural products were rice, corn, manioc, beans, and soybeans.  There was modest production of bananas, hearts of palm, and  coconut.  Commerce had 37 units in 2003 employing 53 workers.

There were 112 automobiles and pickup trucks, 08 trucks, and 96 motorcycles in 2004.
There were no financial institutions reporting in 2007.

Health and education
Hospitals: 01 with 25 beds (2007)
Schools: 05 with 947 students
Infant mortality rate in 2000: 18.31
Infant mortality rate in 1990: 39.22
Literacy rate in 2000: 81.8

Arenópolis had a rating of 0.739 and was ranked 110 out of 242 municipalities in Goiás on the United Nations Human Development Index (2000 data).  Nationally it was ranked 2,173 out of 5,507 municipalities.

History
In 1956 Albino Borges moved into this region located in the municipality of Piranhas.  He began to sell lots to newcomers attracted by the fertile land and soon a small village appeared called Areia, the name of the stream bathing the region.  In 1964 Antônio de Castro moved to the region and worked to raise the village to the category of district, which was achieved in 1971 with the name Arenópolis.  Later, in 1982 Arenópolis was dismembered and became a municipality.

See also
List of municipalities in Goiás

References

Seplan

Municipalities in Goiás
RHF

RHF may refer to:

 Regional health authority or Regionalt helseforetak, of Norway
 Ice Hockey Federation of Russia (Russian Hockey Federation)
 Residence Hall Federation at Virginia Tech campus
 Royal Highland Fusiliers
 Right heart failure or Right-sided heart failure
 RHF Productions, owners of brand Red Hot TV (UK)
 Rhythm Heaven Fever

See also

 
 
 RHFS (disambiguation)
Degernes

Degernes is a  village and parish in Rakkestad municipality in  Østfold county, Norway.

History
Rakkestad was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). It was divided into the parishes of Rakkestad, Degernes, and Os. Degernes was separated from Rakkestad as a municipality of its own on 1 January 1917, but it was merged back into Rakkestad on 1 January 1964.

Degernesis located on Highway 22 towards Halden about eight miles southeast of the community center of Rakkestad. The village of Degernes has today a population of 277 (SSB 2005). The private sector consists largely of agriculture, principally animal husbandry. During the 1950s there was some mining in the municipality.

Degernes Church (Degernes Kirke) is from 1863. It was built of brick and has 350 seats. It was designed by Architect Christian Heinrich Grosch.
The church was restored in 1962. Access to the site is via Rv22 and Fv656. Degernes Hall (Degerneshallen)  is the only sports facility in the municipality. Degernes Hall was finished during 1984. The hall used mostly for team handball and gymnastics.

The oldest settlement of the Fosna-Hensbacka culture in Eastern Norway is found at Høgnipen, located in the southern part of Degernes. The two sites at Høgnipen are called Rørmyr and Mellommyr and are estimated to date back 10,000 years.

Etymology
The municipality (originally the parish) was named after the old farm of Degernes (Norse Digranes), since the first church was built there. The first element is digr 'big', the last element is nes n 'headland'.

Notable residents
Asbjørn Solberg (1893–1977), member of the Norwegian Parliament and former mayor of Degernes

Erik Varden, catholic bishop of Trondheim

References

External links
Degernes Church

Villages in Østfold
Former municipalities of Norway
Algerine (disambiguation)

Algerine means someone from or something related to Algeria or Algiers. It may also refer to:

Ships
, various ships of the Royal Navy
Three ship classes:

In geography
 Algerine Hill, New York, US, a mountain
 Algerine Island, Nunavut, Canada
 Algerine Channel, Nunavut, separating Patterson Island (Findlay Group) and Harrison Island
 Algerine Seamount, a seamount in the Atlantic Ocean

Horses
 Algerine (horse) (1873–c. 1892), an American Thoroughbred racehorse, winner of the 1876 Belmont Stakes

See also
Algerino (disambiguation)
Empress Murong

Empress Murong (慕容皇后, personal name unknown), formally Empress Daowu (道武皇后), was an empress of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China. Her husband was the founding emperor Emperor Daowu (Tuoba Gui).

She was the youngest daughter of the Later Yan emperor Murong Bao (Emperor Huimin).  When Northern Wei launched a major attack against Later Yan in 396, causing Murong Bao to abandon the capital Zhongshan (中山, in modern Baoding, Hebei) in 397, she was unable to follow her father in flight, and when Zhongshan fell to Northern Wei later that year, she was captured by Tuoba Gui and made one of his consorts.  In 400, after he had declared imperial title, he considered whom to create empress. He had favored Consort Liu, the daughter of the Xiongnu chief Liu Toujuan (劉頭眷) the most, and she also bore his oldest son Tuoba Si.  However, the Tuoba Tribe's traditions dictated that when the ruler were to consider whom to make his wife, he was to make the candidates try to forge golden statues by hand, as a way of discerning divine favor.  Consort Liu was unable to forge a golden statue, while Consort Murong was able to, and so was created empress.  Her mother Lady Meng, also captured by Northern Wei, was created the Lady of Piaoyang.

Nothing more is known about Empress Murong.  She was implied to be still alive in 402, when Later Qin's emperor Yao Xing rejected Emperor Daowu's overture to marry one of his daughters, because Yao Xing's refusal was based on his information that Emperor Daowu already had Empress Murong as empress.

References 
 Book of Wei, vol. 13.
 History of the Northern Dynasties, vol. 13.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 111, 112.

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|-

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Northern Wei empresses
Later Yan people
4th-century births
5th-century deaths
Mobon of Goguryeo

King Mobon (30–53, r. 48–53) was the fifth king of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.

Background and reign
According to the Samguk Sagi, a 12th-century Korean history of the Three Kingdoms, Mobon was the eldest son of Goguryeo's third king Daemusin. Although Mobon was the crown prince at the time of Daemusin's death, because of Mobon's youth, Daemusin's younger brother Minjung ascended to the throne.  Mobon became king upon Minjung's death. However, in the Samguk Yusa, Mobon is described as Minjung's older brother.

The Samguk Sagi notes that Mobon's character was fierce and stubborn, and he incurred the resentment of the common people. In 49, he attacked the Beiping, Yuyang, Shanggu, and Taiyuan commanderies of Han Dynasty, several times, but later signed a treaty with Han.

He was killed by a court official named Duro, from Mobon. He was buried in Mobon-won.

He named his son Ik the crown prince, but upon Mobon's death, there was a power struggle for the throne.  Some scholars believe that Mobon was the last of the Hae surname line that began with Goguryeo's second king Yuri, and the sixth king Taejo began the Go surname lineage (then retroactively attributing the Go surname to the founding monarch Jumong).

Controversy surrounding later reign
Many of the main Korean sources, such as the Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa, state that King Mobon was a great king who thought for his people initially, but turned into a ruthless tyrant in the later part of his reign. However, in observing the events that are mentioned in the same Korean sources, such things as the opening of all food storages to relieve the people of their hunger and destitution and the expansion of territories are mentioned, which are not acts that are characteristic of a tyrant. With this in mind, some scholars suspect that the records and public image of King Mobon may have been an attempt by the supporters of Taejo of Goguryeo to justify their coup de'tat. These scholars further support the theory that the difference in last names in the early Goguryeo rulers is due to a shift in power among the Five Noble Families.

See also
History of Korea
Three Kingdoms of Korea
List of Korean monarchs

References

Goguryeo monarchs
53 deaths
1st-century monarchs in Asia
30 births
1st-century Korean people
Flaminio Bertoni

Flaminio Bertoni (Masnago, Italy, 10 January 1903 – Paris, France, 7 February 1964) was an Italian automobile designer from the years preceding World War II until his death in 1964. Before his work in industrial design, Bertoni was a sculptor.

Working at Citroën for decades, Bertoni designed the Traction Avant (1934), 2CV, the H van, the DS, and the Ami 6. The DS was often exhibited at industrial design showcases, such as the 1957 Milan Triennale Exposition, and inspired French coach builder Henri Chapron, who produced coupé and cabriolet versions of the DS.

The province of Varese dedicated a museum to his memory. It opened in May 2007.

References

External links
 Biography on flaminiobertoni.it
 Expo Bertoni
 Flaminio Bertoni. Life, Genius and Works (documentary – 2007)
 

1903 births
1964 deaths
Italian automobile designers
Artur Partyka

Artur Jerzy Partyka (born 25 July 1969 in Stalowa Wola, Poland) is a former Polish high jumper and two-time Olympic medalist. He won twelve national titles in a row, starting in 1989. He represented ŁKS Łódź.

His father is Algerian, his mother is Polish. He was one of the leading high jumpers of the 1990s. Partyka is one of only 21 competitors to clear the height of 2.38 metres or more. With that height he set the Polish record in high jump.

He won the bronze medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona and the silver medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. He was also a three-time medalist at the outdoor World Championships: a two-time silver medalist (1993 and  1997) and a one-time bronze medalist (1995). He was also a silver medalist at the indoor World Championships in 1991. He also won two medals at the outdoor European Championships: silver in 1994 and gold in 1998. He won the gold medal at the indoor European Championships in 1998.

For his sport achievements, he received the Golden Cross of Merit in 1996.

Partyka has been the director of the indoor Pedros Cup in 2007, 2008, and 2009; a meet that takes place in Bydgoszcz. The competition was limited only to high jumpers and pole vaulters, but as of 2009, world-class field shot put was added.

Competition record

See also
Polish records in athletics

External links
 Artur Partyka 

 Profile on Polish Olympic Committee

1969 births
Living people
Polish male high jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Poland
Olympic silver medalists for Poland
Olympic bronze medalists for Poland
Polish people of Algerian descent
Algerian people of Polish descent
People from Stalowa Wola
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists
Athletes from Podkarpackie Voivodeship
World Athletics Championships athletes for Poland
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Regiment Potchefstroom Universiteit

Regiment Potchefstroom Universiteit (Afrikaans for Potchefstroom University Regiment) is an artillery regiment of the South African Army. As a reserve unit, it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit. It is part of the South African Army Artillery Formation.

History

1 Observation Battery
The original regiment was formed in 1946, when the South African Army was reorganised for peacetime.  It was initially called 1 Observation Battery, and in 1950 it was renamed 1 Observation Regiment.

On being affiliated with the Potchefstroom University in 1960, it was given the name Regiment Potchefstroomse Universiteit.

Structure
In terms of organisation the regiment was structured with:
a RHQ and Radar Battery at University of Potchefstroom,
a Survey Battery at the University of the Orange Free State and
 an Observation and Sound Ranging Battery at the University of Pretoria.

Affiliated Division
During the bush war the regiment served with:

 8th South African Armoured Division
 82 Mechanised Brigade It was mobilised with the brigade in 1988 for Operation Packer and Operation Displace.

and with

 7 South African Infantry Division

Amalgamation with 25 Field Regiment
25 Field Regiment was amalgamated with Potchefstroom University (RPU) during September 1991.

Regimental Emblems

Insignia

References

South African Army
Artillery regiments of South Africa
Military units and formations in Potchefstroom
Military units and formations established in 1946
Salvadora (snake)

Salvadora is a genus of colubrid snakes commonly called patchnose snakes or patch-nosed snakes, which are endemic to the western United States and Mexico. They are characterized by having a distinctive scale on the tip of the snout.

Species and subspecies
The following species and subspecies are recognized.

Salvadora bairdi  – Baird's patchnose snake
Salvadora deserticola  – Big Bend patchnose snake
Salvadora grahamiae  – mountain patchnose snake
Salvadora gymnorhachis 
Salvadora hexalepis  – western patchnose snake 
Salvadora hexalepis hexalepis  – desert patchnose snake
Salvadora hexalepis klauberi  – Baja California patchnose snake
Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis  – Mojave patchnose snake
Salvadora hexalepis virgultea  – coast patchnose snake
Salvadora intermedia  – Oaxacan patchnose snake
Salvadora lemniscata  – Pacific patchnose snake
Salvadora lineata  – Texas patchnose snake
Salvadora mexicana  – Mexican patchnose snake

References

Further reading
Baird SF, Girard CF (1853). Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part I.—Serpents. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xvi + 172 pp. (Salvadora, new genus, p. 104).
Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (Genus Salvadora, p. 135).
Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. . (Genus Salvadora, p. 194).
Stebbins RC (2003). A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Third Edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series ®. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. xiii + 533 pp. . (Genus Salvadora, p. 356).
Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes) (Genus Salvadora, p. 644).
Zim HS, Smith HM (1956). Reptiles and Amphibians: A Guide to Familiar Species: A Golden Nature Guide. New York: Simon and Schuster. 160 pp. (Genus Salvadora, pp. 88, 156).

External links

Salvadora
Snake genera
Taxa named by Spencer Fullerton Baird
Taxa named by Charles Frédéric Girard
Australian Labor Party Caucus

The Australian Labor Party Caucus comprises all the elected members of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in both Houses of the national Parliament. The Caucus determines some matters of policy, parliamentary tactics, and disciplinary measures against disobedient MPs. It is alternatively known as the Federal Parliamentary Labor Party (FPLP).

The Caucus is also involved in the election of the federal parliamentary leaders from among its members, as well as his or her dismissal. The leader has historically been a member of the House of Representatives, but though by convention a prime minister is the person who has the support of a majority in the House of Representatives, in the ALP all members (including senators) have an equal vote in the election of the leader, who may then become prime minister. Since October 2013, a ballot of both the Caucus and by the Labor Party's rank-and-file members has determined the party leader and the deputy leader. Bill Shorten was the first leader elected under the new system in late 2013. In government, the federal Caucus also chooses the Ministers, with the portfolios then allocated by the Labor Prime Minister. 

The word "Caucus" has American roots and was introduced to the ALP by King O'Malley, an American-born Labor member of the first federal Parliament in 1901. In the non-Labor parties, such party meetings are more commonly described as a "party room".

Party factions
The Caucus is divided along formal factional lines, with most voting taking place on a bloc factional basis, especially in the case of appointments, and may involve cross-factional deals. The two biggest factions are the National Right and the National Left. Each of these factions contains smaller state-based factions, such as (on the Right) the Victorian Labor Unity group and (on the Left) the Victorian Socialist Left. Members who are not associated with either faction are described as Independents. The two main factions hold factional meetings once a week during Parliamentary sitting weeks.

Factional discipline has declined considerably in recent years. During the leadership contest between Kim Beazley and Mark Latham in December 2003, for example, members of both Left and Right were found in the camps of both candidates. Some of the most hostile relations in the Caucus are between members of the same faction: the relationship between Beazley and Simon Crean is one example.

Factional allegiances in the Caucus tend to be closely related to state political loyalties, and also to trade union affiliations. Large unions such as the Australian Workers' Union, the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union and the Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees Association, regard as "theirs" Members and Senators who formerly held office in those unions, or who have received union support in gaining their preselections, and expect them to act in the union's interests.

Structure

See also
Faceless men

References

Bibliography
 "Who's Who in the Factional Zoo," a table appearing on page 415-416 of The Latham Diaries by Mark Latham.

Caucus
Political terminology in Australia
Baliza

Baliza is a municipality in eastern Goiás state, Brazil.  The population was 5,280 (2020) in a total area of 1,783.00 km2.

Location
Baliza is located in the Aragarças Microregion and is on the Araguaia River, 54 kilometers southwest of Aragarças.  There is a paved road with connections to Piranhas, 95 km. to the east.

The distance to the state capital, Goiânia, is 415 km.  Highway connections are made by GO-060 / Trindade / Turvânia / Israelândia / Iporá / Piranhas / BR-158 / Bom Jardim de Goiás / GO-421 / GO-194.

Municipal boundaries are with:
north and west: Mato Grosso and Aragarças
south:  Doverlândia
east:  Bom Jardim de Goiás

Demographic and political information
Population density: 1,85 inhabitants/km2 (2007)
Population growth rate 1996/2007: -1,86.%  (The population declined  14,34% in the period 2000/2006)
Urban population in 2007: 1,043
Rural population in 2007: 2,256 
Eligible voters: 2,498 (09/2007)
City government: mayor (Humberto Robson Grossi), vice-mayor (Antenor Gonçalves Ferreira Neto), and 09 councilpersons

Economy
The main economic activities are cattle raising, agriculture, tourism, commerce (18 units), wood extraction and processing, and small transformation industries.  Public administration is one of the largest employers.  There is also a substantial informal economy.

There were 62,000 head of cattle in 2007.  The main agricultural products were bananas, charcoal, hard woods, rice (500 ha.), manioc, corn (1,000 ha.), and soybeans (2,5800 ha.).

There were no financial institutions registered in 2007.

Agricultural data 2006
Number of farms:  776
Total area:  132,815 ha.
Area of permanent crops: 4,848 ha. (bananas)
Area of perennial crops: 6,877 ha. (soybeans, corn, rice)
Area of natural pasture:  66,797 ha. 
Area of woodland and forests:  44,638 ha.
Cattle herd: 62,000
Number of workers: 1,850
Number of farms with tractors: 73
Number of tractors:  98    IBGE

Health and education
Infant mortality in 2000: 19.78
Literacy rate in 2000: 79.5
Hospitals:  none in 2007
Schools:  4 with 823 students in 2006
Baliza is rated 0.715 on the United Nations Human Development Index and is ranked 186 out of 242 municipalities in Goiás.  Nationally it is ranked 2,727 out of 5,507 municipalities.

History
The settlement of this region began in 1924 with the discovery of diamonds along the banks of the João Velho River by two prospectors, Cosme and Borges.  Soon many prospectors arrived with their families and a settlement began with the name of "Baliza", the name of a large rock in the middle of the Araguaia River.  In 1930 the town was raised to the category of district in the municipality of Rio Bonito, now called Caiapônia.  In 1936 it became a municipality.  Soon the diamonds ran out and the families emigrated to other regions.  Baliza was almost totally abandoned with its urban population declining to 883 in the 1980 census.

See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
Microregions of Goiás

References

Frigoletto

Municipalities in Goiás
Populated places established in 1924
1924 establishments in Brazil
Hanoi Rocks discography

This is a complete discography of the Finnish rock band Hanoi Rocks. The band have released eight studio albums throughout their career and sold approximately 1 million records worldwide.

Albums

Studio albums

Live albums

Compilations 
 Million Miles Away (1984) (Japan only) (Japan: 3,930)
 Up Around the Bend, Super Best (1984) (Japan only)
 The Best of Hanoi Rocks (1985)
 Dead by Christmas (1986)
 The Collection (1989)
 Tracks from a Broken Dream (1990) (Japan: 11,370)
 Story (1990) (Japan only) (Japan: 3,810)
 Strange Boys Play Weird Openings 4-CD Box Set (1992) (Japan only)
 Lean On Me (1992) (Japan: 12,020)
 All Those Glamorous Years...Best of Hanoi Rocks & Michael Monroe (1996) (Japan only)
 Decadent, Dangerous, Delicious (2000)
 Hanoi Rocks 4-CD Box Set (2001)
 Up Around the Bend...The Definitive Collection (2004)
 Lightning Bar Blues – The Albums 1981–1984 (2005)
 This One's for Rock'n'roll – The Best of Hanoi Rocks 1980–2008 (2008)
 Ripped Off – Odd Tracks and Demos (2009) (Japan only)
 Strange Boys (2016)
 Mental Beat 1980–1985 (2016)

Singles

References

External links 
 Discography on the official Hanoi Rocks website
 Discography on the first Hanoi Rocks Website

Hanoi Rocks
Discographies of Finnish artists
Rock music group discographies
Lulwa Al Awadhi

Lulwa Al Awadhi is a leading Bahraini women's rights advocate and the Secretary General of the Supreme Council for Women, the main women's organisation in Bahrain. She holds the rank of 'honorary cabinet minister', which she was given in 2002 when the Council was established as part of the opening of civil society in the small Gulf Kingdom.
She has been at the forefront on the Council's campaign to get parliament to introduce a Personal Status Law to protect women's rights in issues of divorce and inheritance. This has led her to clash with Islamists who have promised 'blood on the streets' if women are given such rights. She has been one of the few political leaders in Bahrain to challenge Islamists directly, saying that they are not respecting women's rights and instead of engaging in debating are personalising confrontations. However, she has been careful to keep debate on the proposed law within religious terms, telling the Gulf News: "I was the first Bahraini women and lawyer to realise that in the seventies there was a difference between religious rulings and what is being implemented."

She has been key in drawing up the Supreme Council's strategy to assist female candidates contest 2006's election. Since 2002 women have had the right to vote and contest parliamentary and local elections, and Al Awardhi has urged women to fully utilise their rights: "Women must be able to identify all relevant provisions in the Constitution and the means to exercise their political rights."

Al Awadhi's background is in Law, and along with Haya Rashed Al Khalifa (who subsequently went on to become the President of the United Nations General Assembly) she became one of the first two practising female lawyers in the 1970s.

See also
List of first women lawyers and judges in Asia

References

See also
Women's Political Rights in Bahrain
Politics of Bahrain

Human rights in Bahrain
21st-century Bahraini women politicians
21st-century Bahraini politicians
Bahraini women's rights activists
Living people
Bahraini people of Iranian descent
Year of birth missing (living people)
Book of Song

The Book of Song (Sòng Shū) is a historical text of the Liu Song Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties of China.  It covers history from 420 to 479, and is one of the Twenty-Four Histories, a traditional collection of historical records.  It was written in 492–493 by Shen Yue from the Southern Qi dynasty (479–502).

The work contained 100 volumes at the time that it was written, but some volumes were already missing by the time of the Song Dynasty.  Later editors reconstructed those volumes by taking material from the History of the Southern Dynasties, plus a few works such as the Historiette of Gao by Gao Jun, though many of those volumes were no longer in their original condition.

History
The Book of Song was based on records compiled beginning in the Liu Song. He Chentian 何承天 (370–447) was commissioned by the imperial court of the time in 439.  He compiled biographies and also treatises on astronomy and music. Compilation was later continued by Shan Qianzhi 山謙之 ( 440–456), and Xu Yuan 徐爰 (394–475).  The Qi court commissioned Shen Yue in 487 to complete the Book of Song.

Contents
The first ten juan or volume are annals of the Liu Song emperors, 30 juan contain treatises, and 60 juan are dedicated to biographies.

Translations
There are no known full translations to English. Dien includes partial translations of The Disputation at Pengcheng, a conflict in present-day Xuzhou. Dien compares the Northern Wei and Liu Song accounts of this one in a long series of conflicts between the two states. The Liu Song account is included in volume 59 of the Book of Song. Holcombe translates a fragment of volume 54 on a land petition.

References

External links 

 Book of Song 《宋書》 Chinese text with matching English vocabulary

History books about the Northern and Southern dynasties
Northern and Southern dynasties literature
Twenty-Four Histories
5th-century history books
Liu Song dynasty
Sixteen Kingdoms
5th-century Chinese books
Victoria, Guyana

Victoria is located on the Atlantic coast of Guyana,  east of Georgetown and bordered by Cove and John to the west and Belfield to the east. It was the first village in Guyana to be bought by the combined resources of Africans who had recently won their freedom from slavery. The village is often also claimed to be the first African village that was bought by freed slaves from the trans-Atlantic slave trade.

History
The community was initially established as a plantation called Fort Wellington. In November 1839, 83 ex-slaves from five nearby estates (Douchfour, Ann's Grove, Hope, Paradise and Enmore) pooled their resources and bought Plantation Northbrook for 30,000 guilders, or $10,283.63. Each of the 83 owned one lot of land. After its purchase it was renamed Victoria, presumably in honor of England's Queen Victoria, although some suggest it may have been named as such in honor of the freed slaves' victory.

It is credited with one of the first codes of local government in Guyana, established in 1845. The village grew up to become one of the leading exporters of products made from coconuts and cassava.

The first church built there, a Congregationalist church, named after William Wilberforce, the abolitionist, was erected in 1845. A memorial tablet was placed in the church honoring William Africa Baptiste, known as 'Boss Africa', who became accepted as the Father of the village. Baptiste, who died in 1881, was the first village schoolmaster. Wilberforce Congregational Church at Victoria still stands today.

Pioneering Guyanese playwright, Bertram Charles was born in Victoria and in 1963, organized a series of Creole Breakfasts in order to stimulate artistic and cultural life in the area. .

William Nicholas Arno's History of Victoria Village gives an account of the origins and development of the village.

Notes
 Guyana Jottings
 The Village Movement Chapter 54
 Article from Guyana Tribune, reprinted at Land of Six Peoples

References

Populated places in Demerara-Mahaica
History of Guyana
Roos (disambiguation)

Roos may also refer to:

People
 Roos (surname)
 Roos Abels (born 1999), Dutch fashion model
 Roos Drost (born 1991), Dutch field hockey player
 Roos Hoogeboom (born 1982), Dutch racing cyclist
 Roos van Montfort (born 1989), Dutch model, January 2014 Playboy centerfold model
 Roos Vermeij (born 1968), Dutch politician
 Roos Vonk (born 1960), Dutch psychologist and columnist

Places
 Roos, a village in East Yorkshire, England

Sports
 Roos, a common short name for the North Melbourne Football Club Kangaroos, an Australian rules football club
 Roos, a common short name for the Triabunna Football Club Kangaroos, an Australian rules football club
 Doonside Roos, an Australian rugby league football club
 Wyong Roos, an Australian rugby league football club
 Lake Macquarie Roos, a Newcastle and Hunter Rugby Union club
 Golden Gate Roos, a United States Australian Football League Australian rules football team based in San Francisco
 Kansas City Roos, the athletic teams of the University of Missouri–Kansas City
 Roos, the short form of the State University of New York at Canton Kangaroos, the school's athletic teams
 Roos, the short form of the Austin College Kangaroos, the school's athletic teams
 Roos Field, Eastern Washington University's football stadium

Other uses
 Roos, a common nickname for kangaroos
 Roos, short for KangaROOS, a brand of shoe with a pocket inside
 Roos, short for Roos Instruments, a manufacturer of Semiconductor automatic test equipment

See also
 Roo (disambiguation)

Dutch feminine given names
Feminine given names
Hypocorisms
St. Peter's

St. Peter's or similar terms may mean:

Places

Australia 
St Peters, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney
St Peters, South Australia

Canada 
St. Peter's, Nova Scotia
St. Peters Canal, Cape Breton Island

Channel Islands 
St Peter's, Guernsey

Ireland 
St. Peters, County Roscommon, a civil parish in County Roscommon

Malta 
St. Peters, a hamlet in Żabbar, Malta.

Switzerland 
St. Peter's Island, in Lake Biel

United Kingdom 
St Peters, Thanet, Kent, England
St Peter's (Wolverhampton ward), a ward of Wolverhampton City Council, West Midlands, England
St Peter the Great, Worcester, also called St Peter's, suburb in Worcester, England

United States 
St. Peters, Missouri, a city
Saint Peter's Village, Chester County, Pennsylvania

Religious institutions
St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City, within Rome, Italy
Old St. Peter's Basilica, the building that once stood on the spot where the Basilica of Saint Peter stands today in Rome
St. Peter's Abbey (disambiguation), various
St. Peter's Cathedral (disambiguation), various
St. Peter's Church (disambiguation), various

Educational institutions
St Peter's College (disambiguation)
St Peter's School (disambiguation)
Saint Peter's University, a Jesuit university in Jersey City, New Jersey
St Peters Lutheran College, a private high school in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
St Peter's Academy, a secondary school in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England
St Peter's Catholic College, South Bank, a secondary school in South Bank, North Yorkshire, England
St Peter's Collegiate Girls' School, a private school in Adelaide, South Australia
St Peter's College, Auckland, a boys' secondary school in Auckland, New Zealand
St Peter's, Sunderland, a university campus in England

People
Crispian St. Peters (1939–2010), British singer, best known for his hit single "The Pied Piper"

Railway stations
 St. Peters railway station, Newcastle upon Tyne, closed
 St Peter's Metro station, Newcastle upon Tyne

Others
St. Peter's Brewery, a brewery in Suffolk, England
St. Peter's College Boat Club, Oxford
St. Peter's keys, a three-legged Lewis, used to lift large stones
Saint Peter's Peacocks, athletic teams of Saint Peter's University
St. Peters RFC, rugby union team from the town of Roath, Cardiff, South Wales, UK
Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
St. Peter's fish, a name given to certain species of tilapia

See also
St. Peter's Church (disambiguation)
St. Peter (disambiguation)
Sprachregelung

Sprachregelung is a German language term meaning "speech code". It refers to a formal or informal agreement, or order, that certain things should be expressed in specific ways in official communications by an organization or by a political entity. It can also cover such concepts as agreed "lines-to-take", talking points, and the exertion of message discipline.  An example came in January 1945 when Ribbentrop sent emissaries to contact the Western Allies in Sweden and Switzerland, aiming to negotiate a separate peace; they carried with them a list of Sprachregelungen to ensure they gave the same message.
 
A certain number of Sprachregelungen are adopted by most mid-sized to large companies in Germany, to avoid confusing and seemingly contradictory messages being given out, and to enhance the outward appearance of unity, but also to avoid negative-sounding statements about the company by replacing them with more or less appropriate euphemisms.

The term is most commonly used in connection with media and politics when it comes to disputed or sensitive subjects. The Cold War period was especially rich in these conventions, especially in the way the two Germanys referred to themselves and each other. For example, during the immediate post-war decades the Federal Republic of Germany did not recognize the German Democratic Republic as a separate state, and so one Sprachregelung adopted over time was that the latter was only to be referred to in quotation marks: even the abbreviated form DDR always appeared as "DDR".

In West Berlin the Sprachreglung required the two parts of the city be referred to as Berlin (West) and Berlin (East), implying that a single city had been occupied and divided.  On the other hand, the GDR adopted the Sprachregelung that East Berlin was never to be referred to as such, but always as "Berlin, capital of the GDR", whereas West Berlin was always to be written and pronounced as the single word "Westberlin". This was supposed to avoid recognition of the continuing allied occupation of the whole city of Berlin, and to imply West Berlin had an entirely separate political identity.

Also, euphemisms of Nazi Germany, like "final solution" for what is today known as the Holocaust, have been regarded as a case of Sprachregelung as recounted in Hannah Arendt's coverage of the trial of Eichmann in Jerusalem.

See also
 Message discipline
 Talking point
 Newspeak

References

German language
Namco Classic Collection

Namco Classic Collection is the title of the two arcade games that are compilations that contain original and "arrangement" versions of six of Namco's most popular video games:

Namco Classic Collection Volume 1 (1995) - Galaga, Xevious and Mappy
Namco Classic Collection Volume 2 (1996) - Pac-Man, Rally-X and Dig Dug

Bandai Namco Entertainment franchises

ja:ナムコクラシックコレクション
Gry

Gry or GRY may refer to:

People
 Gry (given name), a female given name used primarily in Scandinavia, equivalent to the English Dawn
 Gry Bagøien, female singer in the band Gry and now Æter
 Gry Johansen (born 1964), Danish pop singer
 Jørgen Gry (1915–1993), Danish field hockey player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics

Other uses 
 Gry (band), a former Danish band
 Barclayville Grebo language
 Glenroy railway station, in Victoria, Australia
 Goraya railway station, in Punjab, India
 -gry puzzle, a word puzzle
 Grímsey Airport, in Iceland
Al-Turk

al-Turk or el-Turk and their variant casings, are portions of Arabic names, often adopted as a last name (or treated as such) in Western contexts.

Those with it in their names include:
 Ishaq al-Turk (fl. 8th century), Persian religious leader
 Ismail Fatah Al Turk (1934-2004), Iraqi artist
 Riyad al-Turk (born 1930), Syrian activist
 Mostapha al-Turk (born 1973), British fighter
 Omar El Turk (born 1981), Lebanese basketball player
 Hala Al Turk (born 2002), Bahraini child singer.

Arabic-language surnames
Seiji Matsuyama

is a Japanese manga artist from Fukuoka Prefecture. He is known for drawing many works featuring women with extremely large breasts, and he himself refers to himself as a "boobie manga artist" in his doujinshi and other publications. He is married to fellow manga artist .

History
Matsuyama graduated from Fukuoka Daiichi High School and Yoyogi Animation Academy's Manga and Comic Professional Training Course. In 1994, he made his debut in Tokuma Shoten's Monthly MANGA BØYS and serialized his best-known work Eiken in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion. He also publishes doujinshi (completely new works, derivative works of The Idolmaster and other series, and spin-offs of existing works, including Eiken) under his own name (as an individual, but without a specific circle name).

In addition to his own works, he created the cover illustration for the Idolmaster comic anthology vol. 1 (Ichijinsha). He also drew an illustration for the introduction article of the Xbox 360 version of The Idolmaster in Weekly Shōnen Champion (issue #8, 2007).

As a result of a friendly relationship with Masahiko Ishikawa, a railfan and one of the creators of "Railworks" in Shogakukan, he created a manga about a female railfan, Tetsuko na Sanshimai, among others.

After working on Yuritetsu, which was in the same genre, Matsuyama changed his drawing style to a more shōjo manga-like touch, and began to expand his artistic style. His favorite station is Umi-no-Nakamichi Station (former station) on the Kashii Line, and his favorite Shinkansen is the 800 series.

On November 11, 2008, Matsuyama married Aine Kazuki (later known as Sayu Matsuyama), who drew storyboards for KimiKiss: After Days.

Works

Manga
Ura Kendou Zero
Eiken (2001–2006)
Zokusei (Jan. 2006-Aug. 2007)
Okusama wa Shougakusei (Dec. 2006-Aug. 2008)
Kotoko no Michi (2007)
Bukkake (2007) 
Zen Mantoku from Black Jack 21 (2006)
Yanhobo 2 (2009) 
Tetsukko na 3 Shimai (2009–2010)
Jinsei: La Bonne Vie (2014–2015) 
Gal Tetsu (Dec. 2020 - Aug. 2022) 

IllustrationsEiken'' (anime; end credit illustration)

References

External links
  

1975 births
Living people
Manga artists
Cebeci

Cebeci is a Turkish word. It may refer to:

 Cebeci (corps), a part of Ottoman artillery corps
 Cebeci Asri Cemetery, a cemetery located in the Cebeci quarter of Ankara, Turkey
 Cebeci İnönü Stadium, a multi-purpose stadium in Ankara, Turkey .
 Cebeci–Smith model, a viscosity model used in computational fluid dynamics analysis
Juan de Albi

Juan de Albi was a Spanish Carthusian of the Convent Val-Christ, near Segovia, date of birth uncertain; died 27 December 1591. He was familiar with the Oriental languages, especially Hebrew, and had the reputation of being a skilled commentator. His work is: Sacrarum semioseon, animadversionum et electorum ex utriusque Testamenti lectione commentarius et centuria (Valencia, 1610); it was re-edited in Venice, 1613, under the title Selectæ Annotationes in varia utriusque Testamenti loca difficiliora.

See also

References

Year of birth missing
1591 deaths
Carthusians
Holonephros

The holonephros is the kidney of the larvae of cyclostomes and the Gymnophiona. The entire mass of nephrogenic tissue gives rise to this kidney, which is usually of simple form with a single tubule in each segment.

External links
 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy, BIOLOGY 308, Urogenital System, Richard Fox, Lander University

Urinary system
Apple Monitor II

The Apple Monitor II is a CRT-based green monochrome 12-inch monitor manufactured by Sanyo for Apple Computer; for the Apple II personal computer family. Apple did not introduce the monitor until halfway through the lifespan of the II series. The business-oriented Apple III had its own Apple Monitor III long before. Many home users of Apple II computers used their televisions as computer monitors before the Monitor II was released. It featured an inner vertical-swiveling frame. This allowed users to adjust the viewing angle up or down to suit their taste without the addition of a tilt-and-swivel device. The Monitor II was widely adjustable for the time, including adjustments for the size and location of the image on the screen.  These adjustments had a very small influence on the picture, however, much to the dislike of some users.  The Monitor II was designed for the Apple II+, but was used widely throughout the Apple II product line, most recognizably on the Apple IIe.

References

External links

Apple II peripherals
Apple Inc. displays
Ferdi Tayfur

Ferdi Tayfur (; born Ferdi Tayfur Turanbayburt, 15 November 1945) is a Turkish singer, actor, director, songwriter and screenwriter. He was born in Hurriyet neighbourhood of Adana, Turkey and he has led a successful career in arabesque music. The artist, who has earned nine golden certifications in total, is renowned for his songs, which he has included in motion pictures as well. In the Turkish media, he is commonly known as "Ferdi Baba". Having released more than 30 albums and over 30 films, he founded Ferdifon Records in 1982 and also entered the construction sector in 2009.

Life 
Tayfur was born in Adana and his father Cumali Bey named him after his favorite voice actor Ferdi Tayfur. His father wanted his son to have a proper education, but after he was murdered when exiting a casino, Tayfur left school and led a life in poverty, with his mother marrying another man after his death. He revealed that he wanted to study but could not do so because of lack of opportunities. In his childhood, he worked as an apprentice in a candy store owned by his stepfather, and there he learned how to read. Tayfur, who later worked on the farm and contributed to the family's income, started singing at weddings during the same years. Later, he participated in Adana Radio's music contest.

Tayfur made deals with Seda Plak in 1968 to release two records, but the recordings were not well received. He then went back to Adana to work on the farm. As well, he continued to work on his music career. After a three-year break he released his new record, Huzurum Kalmadı. In 1973, he released Kır Çiçekleri under the label Görsev Plak. In 1974, he released another record Bana Gerçekleri Söyle. In 1975, he signed a new contract with Elenor Plak. After the release of Bırak Şu Gurbeti, he became widely known with the release of his song Çeşme.

Music career 
Tayfur's first album, which included songs written by himself, made a good sale in the years when he started his musical career but due to financial difficulties, he sold two songs to Elenor Plak's proprietor Atilla Alpsakarya who eventually gave them to Gülden Karaböcek. Tayfur continued to publish his records and eventually became widely known with his song "Çeşme", and in 1977 he was cast in a leading role alongside Necla Nazır in a movie with the same title. The film was watched by 12 million people at the time.

Alongside releasing albums, he gave numerous concerts. 200,000 people attended his concert in Gülhane Park in 1993.

Discography

Filmography

Clips

Books 
 Şekerci Çırağı, novel, Kora Yayın, (2003)
 Yağmur Durunca]], novel, Kora Yayın, (2008) 
 Bir Zamanlar Ağaçtım, novel, Kora Yayın, (2013)
 Paraşütteki Çocuk, novel, (2014)

TV shows 
1993: Yetiş Emmioğlu, TV presenter (Show TV)
2009: Korolar Çarpışıyor, contestant (Show TV)
2009: Boynu Bükük Şarkılar, TV presenter (Kanal 7)

References

1946 births
People from Adana
Living people
Turkish male television actors
Turkish singer-songwriters
Turkish male singers
Turkish Muslims
Turkish folk-pop singers
Turkish male film actors
Apple Monitor III

The Apple Monitor III (stylized monitor ///) is a 12-inch green phosphor (A3M0039) or white phosphor (A3M0006) CRT-based monochrome monitor manufactured by Sanyo and later Hitachi for Apple Computer; for the Apple III personal computer, introduced in 1980. As Apple's first monitor in their business line of machines, it preceded the Apple Monitor II by several years. The Apple Monitor III's main feature was the fine mesh on the CRT to reduce glare. It was also notable for having a very slow phosphor refresh, which adversely created a ghosting effect with any video movement. The Apple Monitor III was also compatible with the entire Apple II series and numerous other computers through its standard composite video input jack.

A monitor stand for the Monitor III was available from Apple, to accommodate the narrower width of the Apple II case.

References

External links 

 
 

h

Apple II peripherals
Apple Inc. displays
Tim Pekin

Tim Pekin (born 22 January 1965) is a former Australian rules footballer in the VFL/AFL.

Recruited from Colac-Coragulac, Pekin debuted with the Fitzroy Football Club in 1984 and was a solid contributor in many positions on the ground. His consistency meant he played 107 games for the club (for 15 goals). 

Pekin was delisted from the cash-strapped Lions at the end of 1989 due to his refusal of a lower salary, so went to the St Kilda Football Club where he was also a noted performer. He also went on to make a name for himself at the Saints, passing the 100-game barrier at a second club to end up with 112 games at the Saints (37 goals).

References

External links
 
 

1965 births
Living people
Fitzroy Football Club players
St Kilda Football Club players
Colac Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Scanning gate microscopy

Scanning gate microscopy (SGM) is a scanning probe microscopy technique with an electrically conductive tip used as  a movable gate that couples capacitively to the sample and probes electrical transport on the nanometer scale. Typical samples are mesoscopic devices, often based on semiconductor heterostructures, such as quantum point contacts or quantum dots. Carbon nanotubes too have been investigated.

Operating principle
In SGM one measures the sample's electrical conductance as a function of tip position and tip potential. This is in contrast to other microscopy techniques where the tip is used as a sensor, e.g., for forces.

Development
SGMs were developed in the late 1990s from atomic force microscopes. Most importantly, these had to be adapted for use at low temperatures, often 4 kelvins or less, as the samples under study do not work at higher temperatures. Today an estimated number of eleven research groups worldwide use the technique.

References 

Scanning probe microscopy