alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Chelford railway station

Chelford railway station serves the village of Chelford in Cheshire, England. The station is  north of Crewe on the Crewe to Manchester Line.

History
Chelford railway station was opened by the Manchester and Birmingham Railway on 10 May 1842.

Chelford railway station once had an engine shed, however this was demolished around 1880.

The station was rebuilt in 1960 by the architect William Robert Headley.

On 4 May 1970 the goods yard at Chelford Railway station was closed.

1894 rail crash

On 22 December 1894 a strong wind blew a high-sided freight wagon into violent contact with other wagons, causing one to overturn and block the main line. An express train between London and Manchester collided with the wagon; 14 people were killed, and 48 injured.

Services

Following the timetable changes in December 2008 there exists an hourly service southbound to Crewe and northbound to Manchester Piccadilly via Stockport.
Services to Manchester via Manchester Airport run 'semi-fast' and skip the station, though a few services via Manchester Airport do call here (mainly at peak times). Services are operated by Northern.

The December 2008 timetable also saw the introduction of a regular 2-hourly Sunday service to Manchester Piccadilly and Crewe.

References

Further reading

External links

 Article includes information on the rail accident, including a photograph
 Crewe-Manchester Community Rail Partnership

Railway stations in Cheshire
DfT Category F2 stations
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1842
Northern franchise railway stations
1842 establishments in England
William Robert Headley railway stations
Arturo Zamora Jiménez

Arturo Zamora Jiménez (born March 30, 1956 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican lawyer and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He is  running as the PRI candidate to the governorship of Jalisco.

Zamora studied law at the Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG). He has worked as lawyer and notary public in his native Jalisco.  He is a divorced father of three.

Political career
In 1982 Zamora joined the PRI; since then he has been an active member of that party.  In 2003 he was elected municipal president of Zapopan.

References

See also
2006 Jalisco state election

1956 births
People from Guadalajara, Jalisco
Living people
20th-century Mexican lawyers
Municipal presidents in Jalisco
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians
University of Guadalajara alumni
Members of the Senate of the Republic (Mexico) for Jalisco
Basutodon

Basutodon was a genus of suchian archosaur from the late Carnian-early Norian-age Upper Triassic Lower Elliot Formation of Lesotho. It is based on teeth that were once confused with prosauropod remains, as with Teratosaurus. Because of this, it is sometimes listed in older dinosaur books as an early theropod, or as a synonym of Euskelosaurus. It was probably neither of these things, though, and is much more likely to be a dubious non-dinosaur.

References

Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera
Prehistoric archosauriforms
Late Triassic reptiles of Africa
Taxa named by Friedrich von Huene
Fossil taxa described in 1932
Recreation Park, Alloa

Recreation Park, also known as Recreation Grounds, The Recs and The Indodrill Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, Scotland. It is the home ground of Scottish Professional Football League team Alloa Athletic, who have played there since 1895. Additionally, Broomhill (formerly BSC Glasgow) of the Scottish Lowland Football League have been groundsharing at Recreation Park since 2016. Central Girls Football Academy have used the stadium for home matches from 2017. The stadium has an artificial playing surface and has a capacity of .

History
Alloa Athletic have played at Recreation Park since 1895. A wooden main stand was built during the 1920s. Around 1950, a terracing cover was built on the Hilton Road Side. A record attendance of 15,467 was set by a 1954–55 Scottish Cup match against Celtic. Floodlights were installed in 1979. A new main stand was opened in 1991. The new main stand cost £350,000, most of which was provided by the Football Trust. By the mid-1990s, when the ground was being used for Rangers reserve team matches, capacity had been restricted to just over 4,000.

An artificial surface was installed at the ground before the 2007–08 season. A seated stand was constructed on the Hilton Road Side in 2008. Clyde played matches at Recreation Park early in the 2012–13 season, while a synthetic surface was being installed at Broadwood Stadium. 

On 12 September 2014, a six-figure sponsorship deal was struck that saw the stadium renamed as The Indodrill Stadium. However, supporters of the club continue to call it Recreation Park, Recreation Grounds or The Recs. In June 2016 it was announced that from the 2016–17 season, Alloa would ground share with Lowland Football League side BSC Glasgow, while the latter continued to work towards their goal of having their own facility.

Structure and facilities
Recreation Park has two seated stands, one on each side, totalling 919 seats. The main stand, which has just over 400 seats, runs approximately half the length of the pitch and is raised above ground level. The other stand, on the Hilton Road Side, is used by away team supporters. The rest of the ground is open terracing, apart from a small cover at the Clackmannan Road End. The Ochil Hills are clearly visible behind the Railway End of the ground. Since 2007, an artificial pitch has been used at Recreation Park. The 3G surface was replaced in 2016 with upgraded MX TriMension technology.

Transport
Alloa railway station, which is within walking distance of Recreation Park, reopened in May 2008. It is served by trains on the Croy Line from Glasgow Queen Street and Stirling. Recreation Park is situated on the A907 road (Clackmannan Road), which runs between Stirling and Dunfermline. Street parking is available in the surrounding area.

References

 Sources

Alloa Athletic F.C.
Football venues in Scotland
Sports venues in Clackmannanshire
Scottish Football League venues
Scottish Professional Football League venues
Sports venues completed in 1895
Lowland Football League venues
1895 establishments in Scotland
Alloa
Broomhill F.C. (Scotland)
Scottish Women's Premier League venues
Villinger

Villinger is a German surname.

People with the name include:

Alexander Villinger (born 1953), German composer
, (1889–1967), German sportsman and cinematograph
, (1860–1946), Swiss feminist
Walther Villiger, Swiss astronomer
Werner Villinger (1887–1961), psychiatrist
International Congress of Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences

The International Congress of Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences is a biennial conference discussing topics of heraldic and genealogical interest. The Congress brings together scholars and other interested persons from all the nations of Europe and from many countries around the world. The first Congress was held in Barcelona in 1929; at the second Congress, held in 1953, it was decided that future meetings would be held every two years (there have been two exceptions).

Memorable 22nd Congress held in Ottawa in 1996 "for the first time beyond the birthplace of modern scientific studies in genealogy and heraldry" had Honourable Roméo LeBlanc, Governor General of Canada and his wife Her Excellency Mrs Diana Fowler LeBlanc as its patrons. The 2006 congress in St. Andrews, had The Princess Royal as its patron, and the 2008 congress in Quebec City had Michaëlle Jean, Governor General of Canada as its patron.

The main themes of the Congresses have changed greatly over the years, and some disciplines have ceased to form any part of the Congresses' study. Abandoned subjects include sphragistics and iconography, which were dealt with at Paris, and vexillology, which was to have been one of the themes at Congresses after Bern. Genetics, which had been a subject of discussion at Stockholm in 1960, did not reappear until the Ottawa Congress of 1996. Chivalric orders were another discarded subject, despite featuring in the congresses held at Rome/Naples, Madrid, Stockholm and Edinburgh, as well as in a few papers presented at Madrid in 1982.

List of congresses 
Over the years the meeting have been held in different cities:

References

Heraldry
Genealogy
Genealogical societies
Recurring events established in 1929
Euskelosaurus

Euskelosaurus ("good leg lizard") is a sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Late Triassic of South Africa and Lesotho. Fossils have only been recovered from the lower Elliot Formation in South Africa and Lesotho, and in one locality in Zimbabwe.

History of discovery

In 1863, Alfred Brown recovered fossil material consisting of limb bones and vertebrae, in the lower Elliot Formation in the southeastern Free State. In 1866, Thomas Henry Huxley first described Euskelosaurus from Brown's fossil material, and named the holotype specimen Euskelosaurus brownii after Brown. Harry Seeley later described Euskelosaurus in 1894, as did Friedrich von Huene in 1902. Since then, other researchers, including Robert Broom, have mentioned Euskelosaurus in their papers, although later papers refer to the material under the name Plateosauravus.

Description

Euskelosaurus is considered to have been a large, robust member of the sauropodomorph clade. Estimates from the existing fossil material measure this dinosaur at about  in length and  in weight. With such parameters it was the largest of the non-sauropod ("prosauropod") sauropodomorphs. Its bones are robust and it had a graviportal limb arrangement, a key character trait of basal sauropodomorphs.

Classification
While paleontologists generally consider Euskelosaurus a basal plateosaurid sauropodomorph, it has recently been considered a nomen dubium and a “waste-basket” taxon with poorly understood phylogenetic relationships, warranting further study.

References

Plateosauridae
Late Triassic dinosaurs of Africa
Paleontology in Lesotho
Fossils of South Africa
Fossils of Zimbabwe
Fossil taxa described in 1866
Taxa named by Thomas Henry Huxley
Ankeveen

Ankeveen is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Wijdemeren, and lies about 5 km west of Bussum.

The village was first mentioned in 1344 as Tankenveen, and means "peat excavation of Tanke (person)". Ankeveen is a stretched out peat concession village.

The buitenplaats Berg en Vaart was built near Ankeveen between 1779 and 1782 by an Amsterdam wine merchant. It is surrounded by a large park designed in the 18th century.

West of the village, there is a fen area, the  which is a result of the peat excavation in the area.

Until 1966, Ankeveen was a separate municipality. In 2002, it became part of the municipality of Wijdemeren.

Gallery

References

Populated places in North Holland
Former municipalities of North Holland
Wijdemeren
Kortenhoef

Kortenhoef is a village in North Holland, Netherlands with a population of about 6,780. It is an important part of the municipality of Wijdemeren, and lies about 5 km northwest of Hilversum. Kortenhoef was a separate municipality until 1966, when it was merged with 's-Graveland retaining the latter name; it merged with Loosdrecht and Nederhorst den Berg to form the new municipality of Wijdemeren in 2002.

The village was first mentioned in 1235 as Curtenhoven, and means "short piece of land". It refers to the narrow plots of the peat excavation area. Kortenhoef developed in the 12th century as a linear settlement.

The Dutch Reformed church is a single aisled church with needle spire. The tower and choir were built during the second half of the 14th century. The former town hall was built in Renaissance Revival style in 1910. It was extended in 1930.

Kortenhoef was home to 534 people in 1840. Around 1900, it became a painter's village due to the landscape surrounding the village.

Gallery

References

Former municipalities of North Holland
Populated places in North Holland
Wijdemeren
Stoa of Zeus

The Stoa of Zeus at Athens, was a two-aisled stoa located in the northwest corner of the Ancient Agora of Athens. It was built c. 425 BC–410 BC for religious purposes in dedication to Zeus by the Eleutherios ("pertaining to freedom"): a cult founded after the Persian War. Stoas were not commonly used for religious purposes, but were typically built for promenades and meetings.

It is different from others in that it was a stoa rather than a temple (the common building used for religious purposes). Scholars believe the building also served other civic purposes due to its central location. Researchers think the structure may have been built by Mnesikles, the architect who built the Propylaia. The Propylaia was the Periclean gateway to the Acropolis. In the late first century BC a two-room annex was added, possibly for the cult of the Roman imperial family. The building in all was 43.56 meters by 10.73 meters.

References

Bibliography

External links
Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios

Ancient Agora of Athens
Ancient Greek buildings and structures in Athens
Stoas in Greece
Nieuw-Loosdrecht

Nieuw-Loosdrecht is a village in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It is a part of the town of Loosdrecht and the municipality of Wijdemeren. It lies about 4 km west of Hilversum.

The village was first mentioned in 1415 as "optie aeker, dair nu die Zypkerc op staet". The current name means "new ferry over the drainage canal". Nieuw (new) has been added to distinguish from Oud-Loosdrecht.

The Dutch Reformed Sijpe Church has built in 1400. Castle museum Sypesteyn has built 1911 and 1926 as a replica of the 1568 castle. The museum contains a large art collection. The castle is surrounded by a 17th century park.

Gallery

References

Populated places in North Holland
Wijdemeren
No Need for Alarm

No Need for Alarm is the second solo studio album by American hip hop musician Del the Funky Homosapien. It was released in 1993 through Elektra Records. Recording sessions took place at Hyde Street Studios in San Francisco and at Chung King House of Metal in New York City. The album spawned the two singles "Catch A Bad One", and "Wrong Place" Production was handled by Del himself along with A-Plus, Casual, Domino, Jay-Biz, Snupe and Stimulated Dummies.

The album peaked at number 125 on the Billboard 200 chart.

Critical reception
Nathan Rabin of AllMusic called the album "a challenging, unique, and uncompromising follow-up, one well worth picking up for anyone interested in either the evolution of West Coast hip-hop or just the evolution of one of its most talented, eccentric, and gifted artists".

Track listing

Personnel
 Teren Delvon Jones – vocals, producer (tracks: 3, 9, 10, 13)
 Unicron – vocals (track 7)
 Adam "A-Plus" Carter – vocals (track 8), turntables (tracks: 5, 7, 11, 14), producer (track 14)
 Jon "Casual" Owens – vocals (track 8), producer (tracks: 2, 7)
 Duane 'Snupe' Lee – vocals (track 8), producer (track 1)
 Toure Batiste Duncan – turntables (track 1)
 Jamie "Jay-Biz" Suarez – turntables (tracks: 12, 13), production (track 12)
 Damian "Domino" Siguenza – producer (tracks: 4, 8, 11)
 Stimulated Dummies – producers (tracks: 5, 6)
 Matt Kelley – engineering (tracks: 1-4, 7-14)
 John Gamble – engineering (tracks: 5, 6)
 Tim Latham – mixing
 Ross Yeo – assistant engineering
 Adam Cudzin – assistant mixing
 Joe Thomas – assistant mixing
 Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – mastering
 Scott Idleman – design
 Carl Posey – photography

Charts

References

External links

1993 albums
Del the Funky Homosapien albums
Elektra Records albums
Albums produced by Dante Ross
Albums produced by John Gamble (record producer)
Albums produced by A-Plus (rapper)
Albums recorded at Chung King Studios
Oud-Loosdrecht

Oud-Loosdrecht is a village in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It is a part of the town of Loosdrecht and the municipality of Wijdemeren; it lies about 6 km west of Hilversum.

History
The village was first mentioned in 1384 as "van der Loesdrecht". The current name means "old ferry over the drainage canal". Oud (old) has been added to distinguish from Nieuw-Loosdrecht.

It contains a large amount of Rijksmonumenten.

Gallery

References

Populated places in North Holland
Wijdemeren
Enrique Ibarra Pedroza

Juan Enrique Ibarra Pedroza (born August 16, 1952, in Tototlán, Jalisco) is a Mexican politician who in 2006 ran as the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) candidate to the 2006 Jalisco gubernatorial election.

Ibarra holds a bachelor's degree in law from the Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG).  He was an active member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in his native Jalisco; he served as local deputy in the Congress of Jalisco from 1983 to 1986 and from 1992 to 1995. He also served in the Chamber of Deputies of Mexico.

In November 2005 he resigned to the PRI because he wanted to run for governor since 1996 so he changed to the PRD and they make him the PRD candidate in Jalisco. He lost the election in third place against the PAN candidate.

See also
2006 Jalisco state election

References 

1952 births
Living people
University of Guadalajara alumni
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Mexican people of Basque descent
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
Party of the Democratic Revolution politicians
Members of the Congress of Jalisco
20th-century Mexican politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians
Deputies of the LIV Legislature of Mexico
Westar (disambiguation)

Westar is an American satellite telecommunication system.

Westar may refer to:

 Westar Energy, an American electric utility
 Westar Institute, a non-profit institute promoting religious literacy
 Westar Rules, the name used by the West Australian Football League between 1997 and 2000

See also

 Wester (disambiguation)
 West (disambiguation)
 Star (disambiguation)
 
 Western Star (disambiguation)
 Star of the West (disambiguation)
Nemo iudex in causa sua

Nemo judex in causa sua (also written as , ,  or ) is a Latin brocard that translates as "no one is judge in their own case". Originating from Roman law, it was crystallized into a phrase by Edward Coke in the 17th century and is now widely regarded as a fundamental tenet of natural justice and constitutionalism. It states that no one can judge a case in which they have an interest. In some jurisdictions, the principle is strictly enforced to avoid any appearance of bias, even when there is none: as Lord Chief Justice Hewart laid down in Rex v. Sussex Justices, "Justice must not only be done, but must also be seen to be done".

History 
The Latin brocard  has its origins in the Roman legal tradition and is codified within the Corpus Juris Civilis. In 376 AD, an imperial decree established the principle that "no one shall decide his own case or interpret the law for himself" () (Code 3.5.1). Additionally, the Digest records Julianus's statement that "it is unfair for someone to be the judge of their own affairs" () (Digest 5.1.15-17).

From these Roman sources, the principle has endured into modern times and can be traced in Martin Luther's 1526 work Whether Soldiers, Too, Can Be Saved (, meaning "no one should be their own judge"), in Ulrich Zwingli's In Exodum (1527) in Jean Bodin's The Six Books of the Republic (1576) and in Hobbes's Leviathan (1651) ("And seeing every man is presumed to do all things in order to his own benefit, no man is a fit Arbitrator in his own cause").

In the 17th century, the English jurist Edward Coke turned the idea into a phrase when he wrote that "it is a maxim in law ". Coke used the principle to instruct the king that he could not personally judge a dispute between himself and his subject. Moreover, In the famous Bonham's Case of 1610 Coke ruled that the College of Physicians could not sit as judges in a case to which they were a party, and he was understood also to have affirmed that that the principle could not be overridden by statutory provision. 

Since then, the rule against bias has been recognised as a fundamental tenet of natural justice in the common law tradition and a cornerstone of constitutionalism.The maxim has been invoked by the United States Supreme Court in various cases, such as the 1798 case Calder v. Bull ("a law that makes a man a Judge in his own cause [...] is against all reason and justice") and the 1974 case Arnett v. Kennedy ("we might start with a first principle: '[N]o man shall be a judge in his own cause.' Bonham's Case, 8 Co. 114a, 118a, 77 Eng. Rep. 646, 652 (1610)").

See also
Audi alteram partem
Judicial disqualification
List of legal Latin terms
Brocard (law)

References

Sources

Further reading 

Brocards (law)
Legal rules with Latin names
Legal doctrines and principles
Muyeveld

Muyeveld or Muijeveld is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Wijdemeren, and lies about 8 km southwest of Hilversum.

According to Van der Aa, the hamlet was formerly known as "Mijndenveld", referring to the nearby polder and hamlet of Mijnden.

References

Populated places in North Holland
Wijdemeren
National Teaching Fellowship

The National Teaching Fellowship Scheme (NTFS) is an award for excellence in teaching in higher education for teaching fellows in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The scheme was first administered by the Higher Education Academy, which subsequently became Advance HE in 2018. The scheme was started in 2000 and there are now more than 900 national teaching fellows (NTFs) across the UK. In 2016 an additional team award, the Collaborative Award for Teaching Excellence (CATE) was launched. This award recognises teams for their collaborative work and excellent practice in teaching and learning.

Awards are made annually from a process that requires applicants to provide an evidenced and endorsed case of their approaches to teaching, and how their work has impacted on teaching and learning in higher education, within their institution and beyond. The application is assessed by three independent reviewers against set criteria.

Although the majority of NTF applicants are academic staff who teach, many work in professional services and management, for example library services or careers, and/or undertake pedagogical research. The NTFS scheme is managed and facilitated by Advance HE, formerly the Higher Education Academy. The Head of the Excellence Awards at Advance HE is currently Nicola Watchman Smith, previously Catriona Bell. The NTFS and CATE Awards are open to all UK-based higher education providers who hold Advance HE membership status, including colleges and private providers. The schemes take place on an annual basis, with winners announced in August of each year.

Laureates
 there are over 915 National teaching fellows, with up to 55 individuals receiving the award each year. Current and former national teaching fellows include

 Lara Alcock
 Tim Birkhead
 Duncan Lawson
 Robert Eaglestone
 Sally Fincher 
 Adam Hart 
 Jane Setter
Sarah Speight

References

Higher education in England
Overmeer

Overmeer is a neighbourhood of Nederhorst den Berg and former village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Wijdemeren, and lies about 8 km northwest of Hilversum. Overmeer used to be a separate village, but has now grown together with the town of Nederhorst den Berg.

References

Populated places in North Holland
Wijdemeren
Belodon

Belodon (meaning "arrow tooth") is a genus of phytosaur, a crocodile-like reptile that lived during the Triassic. Its fossils have been found in Europe and elsewhere. The type species, Belodon plieningeri, was named by prolific German paleontologist Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer in 1844.

Many other species were also named, among them Belodon buceros (named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1881), Belodon kapfii (von Meyer, 1861), Belodon lepturus (Cope, 1870), Belodon priscus (originally described as Compsosaurus priscus by Joseph Leidy in 1856), Belodon scolopax (Cope, 1881), and Belodon validus (Othniel Charles Marsh, 1893). Some paleontologists of the late 19th and early 20th century believed Belodon was synonymous with Phytosaurus or Machaeroprosopus.

References

External links
 Phytosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide from Dinosauria.com

Phytosaurs
Prehistoric reptile genera
Late Triassic reptiles of Europe
Late Triassic reptiles of North America
Fossil taxa described in 1844
Taxa named by Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer
Hinderdam

Hinderdam is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Wijdemeren, and lies about 15 km southeast of Amsterdam.

Hinderdam consists of about 20 houses.

References

Populated places in North Holland
Wijdemeren
Peter Philp

Denis Alfred Peter Philp (10 November 1920 - 5 February 2006), was a Welsh dramatist and antiques expert, best known for his television series, Collectors' Club.

Philp was born in Cardiff, and attended Penarth grammar school, but opted to enter the family antiques business, A. T. Philp & Sons, instead of going to university.  The premises were in Cardiff's Royal Arcade, where they remained until 1968.  He served in the RAF during the Second World War, and married Pamela Ayton in 1940.  They had two sons.  In the meantime, he continued to write plays, as he had done since his schooldays, and his major success was Castle of Deception (1951); this won him the title of Most Promising Young Playwright at the Edinburgh Festival.  He lived for a time near Monmouth, but later returned to Cardiff.  In 1958, the first programme in the series, Collectors' Club, was shown on television, and Philp also wrote a column on antiques for The Times.  He published several books on the subject of antiques.

Works

Non-fiction
Furniture of the World (1974)
The Antique Furniture Expert (1991)
Field Guide to Antique Furniture (1992)

Plays
Castle of Deception (1951)
A Quiet Clap of Thunder (1961)

References 

 https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/peter-philp-bk5pwzgs592

Welsh television presenters
Mass media people from Cardiff
1920 births
2006 deaths
People educated at Stanwell School
20th-century Welsh dramatists and playwrights
Stoa Amphiaraion

Stoa Amphiaraion  (also known as the Enkoimeterion) is located on the east side of the Sanctuary of Amphiaraios, southeast of the Theatre. It was built c. 360 BC. The two-aisled stoa opens towards the southeast with an outer Doric colonnade of forty-one columns and an inner Ionic colonnade of seventeen columns. Before its destruction, two small rooms were separated from the rest of the stoa by two columns with a screen between them, with a bench running the length of the back wall. Pilgrims would migrate to the stoa and sleep there, awaiting an oracle's advice. The rooms may have served as shelter specifically for female pilgrims. A level area in front of the stoa may have been used as a track. This stoa likely replaced an existing one, located farther southwest on the terrace where the later row of dedications stood.

Colonnades
Charaton

Charaton (Olympiodorus of Thebes: Χαράτων) was one of the first kings of the Huns.

Etymology
The name is found in Greek as Χαράτων (Kharatōn). Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen notes that the -ton element might be an artifact of the Greek transcription, and the name may actually have ended in -tom, -ton, -to, -ta, or -t.

Omeljan Pritsak, following an earlier suggestion by A. Vámbéry, derived the root Chara- from Altaic xara - qara, with the meaning of "black" and "great; northern". He derived the second part -ton from a Saka loanword into Turkic,  > *taun > tōn, "garment, clothing, mantel". Pritsak concluded that the name Qara-Ton (black clad; with black coat) was an intentionally cryptic term for horse, possibly related to Hunnic totemism.

Maenchen-Helfen noted that the above proposal is "phonetically sound", but questioned whether the word ton had been loaned into Turkic in the fifth century. He suggests that if Charaton did in fact mean "black coat", then it could have been the name of Charaton's clan or tribe rather than his personal name; he compares the Kyrgyz tribal name Bozton (Gray Coats).

F. Altheim suggested that the name is a title from *qara-tun, meaning "black people", with black referencing the direction north.

Maenchen-Helfen also suggests an Iranian etymology as an potential alternative, with chara- deriving from a word akin to Parthian hara, xara (dark), as in the Parthian name Charaspes. He further notes that the -ton element is also found in the Scythian name Sardonius and the Ossetian name Syrdon.

History
In the end of 412 or beginning of 413, Charaton received the Byzantine ambassador Olympiodorus sent by Honorius. Olympiodorus travelled to Charaton's kingdom by sea, but does not record whether the sea in question was the Black Sea or the Adriatic Sea. As the History deals exclusively with the Western Roman Empire, it was probably the Adriatic, and Olympiodorus visited them somewhere in the Pannonian Basin. Olympiodorus recounts;

"Donatus and the Huns, and the skillfulness of their kings in shooting with the bow. The author relates that he himself was sent on a mission to them and Donatus, and gives a tragic account of his wanderings and perils by the sea. How Donatus, being deceived by an oath, was unlawfully put to death. How Charaton, the first of the kings, being incensed by the murder, was appeased by presents from the emperor."

Although some scholars such as E. A. Thompson and Hyun Jin Kim have read Donatus as being a previous ruler, others, such as Franz Altheim and Otto Maenchen-Helfen, reject this assumption. Maenchen-Helfen argues that the name Donatus was common in the Roman Empire and that Donatus may have been a Roman who fled the empire to live with the Huns, as others are known to have done.

References

Sources
 
 
 
 

Hunnic kings
5th-century monarchs in Europe
5th-century Hunnic kings
Laminated object manufacturing

Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) is a rapid prototyping system developed by Helisys Inc. (Cubic Technologies is now the successor organization of Helisys) In it, layers of adhesive-coated paper, plastic, or metal laminates are successively glued together and cut to shape with a knife or laser cutter.  Objects printed with this technique may be additionally modified by machining or drilling after printing. Typical layer resolution for this process is defined by the material feedstock and usually ranges in thickness from one to a few sheets of copy paper.

Process
The process is performed as follows:

 Sheet is adhered to a substrate with a heated roller.
 Laser traces desired dimensions of prototype. 
 Laser cross hatches non-part area to facilitate waste removal.
 Platform with completed layer moves down out of the way.
 Fresh sheet of material is rolled into position.
 Platform downs into new position to receive next layer.
 The process is repeated until full model or prototype prepared.

Note

Low cost due to readily available raw material.
Paper models have wood like characteristics, and may be worked and finished accordingly.
Dimensional accuracy is slightly less than that of stereolithography and selective laser sintering but no milling step is necessary.
Relatively large parts may be made, because no chemical reaction is necessary.

References

Further reading
 Laminated Object Manufacturing
 Additive manufacturing method

3D printing processes
Horstermeer

Horstermeer is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Wijdemeren, and lies about 8 km northwest of Hilversum.

The statistical district "Horstermeer", which covers the village and the surrounding Horstermeerpolder, has a population of around 770.

Dutch mainland separation 
As of 18 February 2010, the village separated from the Dutch government as the republic "Horstermeerpolder", in a protest against flooding their area. As district politics did not listen to their protest, they separated from the main country. A serious act Dutch police are not allowed on their grounds, and they use military vehicles as protection. Although often joked everywhere in the Netherlands to separated from main Dutch politics, this is a first time it actually happened. (translated newslink)

References

Populated places in North Holland
Tahir Mohsan

Tahir Mohsan is the founder of Time Computers in 1987, Supanet, Tpad and 6G Internet. Mohsan was born and educated in Blackburn and is one of five brothers. He comes from a family of Pakistani origin, and has been one of the richest young Britons.

History and career 
In 1987, at the age of 16, he founded Time Computers, which went on to become Britain's largest manufacturer of PCs, with a turnover of over $750 million. He moved to Dubai in 2003, to develop the brand of Time in the Middle East and South East Asia. Time Group continues in the United Kingdom, Middle East and the Far East, supplying computers, notebooks, plasma screens and TFT screens around the world. And in January 2002, he acquired Tiny Computers.

In 1996, he became a non executive director of the East Lancashire Training & Enterprise Council.

Mohsan also owns the United Kingdom's fifth largest Internet service provider Supanet, currently under the control of his brother Zuber Mohsan who is the company's managing director the Mohsans family investment companies have interests in the IT and property industries across Europe, the Middle East and Asia. These range from hardware manufacturing and sales to Internet services, software development and Voice over IP technology company Tpad.

In 1999, he was asked to become a non executive director of the newly founded University for Industry, chaired by Lord Dearing. In the same year, he had bestowed on him an Honorary Fellowship, from the University of Lancashire, for services to industry.

Also in 2000, he was asked by the Chairman of the East Lancashire Training and Enterprise Councils and Business Link to set up a business support agency for integrating the ethnic businesses of Lancashire into the main population. The results was the Asian Business Federation, which was launched in June 2000. As part of Enterprise4All, the ABF covers the whole North West region and continues to thrive under the chairmanship of Mohsan.

He was approached by the group of Hilton Hotels, to become an independent co opted trustee. In May 2006, Mohsan set up the VoIP telephony company Tpad, which specialises in providing business telephone systems and solutions to businesses, the public sector and corporates around the world. Tpad has its headquarters in Jersey, with service centres and presence in the UAE, India, Hong Kong, United States, United Kingdom and Canada.

Awards and nominations
In January 2014, Mohsan was nominated for the Entrepreneur of the Year Award, at the British Muslim Awards.

References 

English businesspeople
Pakistani businesspeople
English people of Pakistani descent
English Muslims
Living people
English expatriates in the United Arab Emirates
British businesspeople of Pakistani descent
Year of birth missing (living people)
Highway 5 (Israel–Palestine)

Highway 5 or the Trans-Samaria Highway (, Kvish Hotze Shomron), is one of Israel's main highways, connecting the Mediterranean coast immediately north of Tel Aviv with the central Sharon plain and eastwards to Ariel and other Israeli settlements in the northern West Bank.

The name Highway 5 is commonly used to describe the section of the highway running from the road's western end at the Glilot Interchange until it reaches the main entrance of Ariel. In this capacity it intersects and creates a connection between four important arterial freeways in the northern Tel Aviv area: The Coastal Highway (Highway 2), the Ayalon Highway (Highway 20), Geha Highway (Highway 4) and the Cross-Israel Highway (Highway 6).

An alternate name for the entire highway is Kvish Hotze Shomron meaning the Trans-Samaria Highway though often this name is used when referring specifically to the section of the road in the West Bank, i.e., past the Green Line, where it continues east towards the Jordan Valley in the West Bank. This section from the Green Line to its eastern end has also been dedicated as "Derekh Haim" (Haim's Road, but also "Way of Life") after the late Haim Landau, a former Israeli Minister of Transportation.

History

Highway 5 initially reached Rosh HaAyin located inside of the green line, and served mainly the densely populated Gush Dan metropolitan area. In the West Bank, the main road was still the old Road 505, which, since the events of the Second Intifada in 2000, has been partially closed to Jewish transportation. In the beginning of the 1990s, with the growth of Ariel and the settlements around it, arose the need for a more modern and wider road, than the single-lane low-quality Road 505. Therefore, Highway 5 was extended some  to the east of the Green Line, ending almost within sight of Ariel and serving the largest block of the Israeli settlements in the northern West Bank, counting about 50,000 people, as well as the Barkan Industrial Park. At the time, this section of Highway 5 was one of the biggest infrastructure projects that Israel had undertaken in the West Bank. As of 2017 the road terminates at a roundabout at the Ariel junction where it merges into Road 505 which continues east past Ariel until Petza'el, which is located on Route 90, the north–south road parallel to the Israel-Jordan border in the Jordan Valley.

The western section of the highway consists of between 3 and 5 lanes in each direction, which reduces in number as the highway heads eastward. As of 2017, the westward section surrounding Gush Dan is one of the most congested in Israel.

Highway 531, is a freeway which parallels Highway 5 and runs approximately  to the north, was opened in 2017, and also contains a rail system. A toll fast lane project is planned along Highway 5.

Interchanges and Junctions

References

Limited-access roads in Israel
Roads in Israel
Roads in Israeli-occupied territories
Michael Wiesenberg

Michael Wiesenberg is a technical writer, author, and former poker player.

Career 
Wiesenberg played poker professionally for 10 years before becoming a technical writer. He contributed for many years to the original Gambling Times magazine, writing about keno and poker. He had a biweekly column in the original Poker Player for five years and in Pan Player + for two (a defunct magazine for panguingue players). He had a monthly column for three years in Dr. Dobb's Journal, a computer magazine, and a monthly column for two years in A+, a magazine for Apple Computer users. He has contributed articles to PC Publishing, MicroTimes, Gambling Times, InfoWorld, Gaming & Wagering Business, Casino & Sports, and was an occasional contributor of articles to inCider, The San Jose Mercury, The San Francisco Chronicle, Science '84, and Desktop Publishing. He has also constructed crosswords for national crossword puzzle magazines and newspapers. His puzzles appeared monthly for five years in LA Direct, and seven years online at Poker Pages and Puzzle Planet, and has had puzzles in the New York Times. In 2011, he contributed a crossword puzzle to the Los Angeles Times that contained no instances of the letter E. He was also the editor for four years of two newsletters sent twice-monthly through Card Player's website and the content editor of the site.

He wrote the rules and games descriptions sections for online poker cardrooms Full Tilt Poker and Planet Poker.

Publications

References

External links
Card Player articles

American poker players
American technology writers
American male journalists
American gambling writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Bienosaurus

Bienosaurus (meaning "Bien's lizard") is a  dubious genus of thyreophoran dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic (probably Sinemurian) Lower Lufeng Formation in Yunnan Province in China.

Discovery and species 
 
In 1938, Bian Meinian, known in the West as Mei Nien Bien, discovered a fragmentary dinosaur skull. In 2001, Dong Zhiming named and described the specimen as the type species Bienosaurus lufengensis. The generic name honours Bian. The specific name refers to the Lufeng formation.

Bienosaurus is based on holotype IVPP V15311 (in 2001 incorrectly given the inventory number IVPP V 9612). It consists of a partial right lower jaw with teeth and several cranial fragments.

Phylogeny 
Dong in 2001 placed Bienosaurus in the Scelidosauridae, considering these to be part of the Ankylosauria. Later publications suggested a general position basal in the Thyreophora. In 2019 a study confirmed this, concluding Bienosaurus was a nomen dubium, possibly identical to Tatisaurus from the same formation.

See also 

 Timeline of ankylosaur research

References 

Thyreophorans
Sinemurian life
Early Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia
Jurassic China
Fossils of China
Paleontology in Yunnan
Fossil taxa described in 2001
Taxa named by Dong Zhiming
Ornithischian genera
American snout

The American snout or common snout butterfly (Libytheana carinenta) is a member of the subfamily Libytheinae in the brush-footed butterfly family, Nymphalidae. This species is found in both North and South America. The larval host plants are Celtis species on which the eggs are laid singly. Massive migrations of this species often attract attention in the Texas and Mexican newspapers.

Description
Snout butterflies have prominent elongated mouthparts (labial palpi) which, in concert with the antennae, give the appearance of the petiole (stem) of a dead leaf. Snouts often take advantage of this superb camouflage by hanging upside down under a twig, making them nearly invisible. Wings are patterned black-brown with white and orange markings. The forewings have a distinctive squared off, hook-like (falcate) tip.

The caterpillars appear humpbacked, having a small head, swollen first and second abdominal segments, and a last abdominal segment which is tapered and rounded. They are dark green with yellow stripes along the top and sides of the body, and have two black tubercles on the top of the thorax. Their food is the common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) tree.

Migrations
This species is known to be migratory, and some years the migrations are so huge as to darken the sky in places. Migrations from South Texas northward occur at irregular intervals when southern populations explode, often affecting San Antonio, the Texas Hill Country, and Austin. Other migrations have been observed in Arizona, Kansas, and the Lake Erie Islands. Migrations occur from June through October, and are thought to be triggered by droughts followed by heavy summer rains: the droughts reduce a parasitoid that would otherwise limit butterfly populations, whereas the rains induce the spiny hackberry to grow new leaves which provide food for caterpillars. Furthermore, whereas the droughts send the butterflies into a sort of hibernation, the rains bring them out of it all at once to lay eggs, causing a population explosion. In Texas, years in which migrations were observed include 1921, 1978, 1996, 2018, 2020, and 2022.

References

External links

 Tree of Life Libytheinae
 American Snout Butterfly: Reference quality large format closeup photographs Cirrus Digital Imaging
  American snout on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures website

Butterflies of North America
Butterflies of the Caribbean
Libytheana
Butterflies described in 1777
Nymphalidae of South America
Taxa named by Pieter Cramer
Goostrey railway station

Goostrey railway station serves the village of Goostrey in Cheshire, England. The station is on the Crewe to Manchester Line 10½ miles (16 km) north east of Crewe.

History
The line was built by the Manchester and Birmingham Railway Company and completed on 10 August 1842.  Goostrey station was added by the London & North Western Railway Company, opening on 1 September 1891. In a 1971 photo a keystone on the platform at the foot of a mast had the MBR coat of arms and an inscription, 'MBR 1844 G. W. Buck Engineer'. In 1958 it had been removed from the Manchester side of the road bridge at the station, when it was rebuilt to provide clearance for the electric wires; the keystone on the Crewe side showed W. Baker as engineer, but was broken when it was removed.

Service 

There is generally an hourly service southbound to Crewe and northbound to Manchester Piccadilly via Stockport with a limited number of services a day to Manchester via Manchester Airport (peak hours only).

The May 2018 timetable also saw the introduction of an hourly Sunday service to Manchester Piccadilly and Crewe. Services are operated by Northern.

Friends of Goostrey Station

A Friends Group was founded on 1 May 2012.

References

Further reading

External links

 Crewe-Manchester Community Rail Partnership
 Official website for the Friends of Goostrey Station

Railway stations in Cheshire
DfT Category F2 stations
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1891
Northern franchise railway stations
Castle of Deception (play)

Castle of Deception is a play by Peter Philp and was first performed on October 16, 1952.  It won for its author the title of Most Promising Young Playwright at the Edinburgh Festival of that year.

Plot 
The central character lives in a pseudo-Gothic castle full of fake works of art.  There he entertains several guests of equally bogus reputation.

References 

Plays by Peter Philp
1951 plays
Anyone's Daughter

Anyone's Daughter is a German progressive rock band founded in 1972 in Stuttgart by Uwe Karpa und Matthias Ulmer.  They are considered Progressive rock, similar to German bands like Eloy and Novalis.

History 
The band started out playing covers of Deep Purple and others, and gave themselves the name after the Deep Purple song was released in 1971. The group went through a number of personnel changes before they released their first album Adonis, in 1979.

Their third album was their first album in their native language; German.  "Piktors Verwandlungen," a 40-minute piece of music written for a fairy tale by German author Hermann Hesse, was narrated by the band's singer and bassist Harald Bareth.

Upon the release of two more albums and after Bareth's departure in 1984 due to military service commitments, the band drifted apart.

Karpa and Ulmer briefly reformed the group in 1986 with new musicians. The songs that were recorded at that time were released onto the album "Last Tracks"; the group's last release until they reunited again in 2000.

Two years after, they performed in Calw, in a festival honouring German author Hermann Hesse. On this occasion "Piktors Verwandlungen" was narrated by Heinz Rudolf Kunze.

After the release of two more studio albums, the group became a trio, releasing a live album.  Uwe Karpa left the group in 2015 due to solo project commitments, leaving Matthias Ulmer the sole remaining consistent member.

Line-ups 
1972-197? Uwe Karpa (g), Matthias Ulmer (k, voc), Sascha Pavlovic (dr)

197?-1978 Uwe Karpa (g), Matthias Ulmer (k, voc), Hans Derer (dr), Harald Bareth (voc, b)

1978-1981 Uwe Karpa (g), Matthias Ulmer (k, voc), Kono Konopik (dr), Harald Bareth (voc, b)

1981-1984 Uwe Karpa (g), Matthias Ulmer (k, voc), Peter Schmidt (dr), Harald Bareth (voc, b)

1986 Uwe Karpa (g), Matthias Ulmer (k, voc), Goetz Steeger (dr, voc), Michael Braun (voc, k), Andi Kemmer (b)

2000-2006 Uwe Karpa (g), Matthias Ulmer (k, voc), Peter Kumpf (dr), Andre Carswell (voc), Raoul Walton (b)

2006-2015 Uwe Karpa (g), Matthias Ulmer (k, voc), Andre Carswell (voc)

2015-2017: Uwe Metzler (g), Matthias Ulmer (k, voc), Andre Carswell (voc)

2018–present: Uwe Metzler (g), Matthias Ulmer (k, voc), Peter Kumpf (dr), John Vooijs (voc)

Discography 
 Adonis (1979)
 Anyone's Daughter (1980)
 Piktors Verwandlungen (1981)
 In Blau (1982)
 Neue Sterne (1983)
 Live (1984)
 Last Tracks (1986)
 Danger World (2001)
 Requested Document Live 1980-1983 (2001)
 Requested Document Live 1980-1983: Vol. 2 (2001)
 Wrong (2004)
 Trio Tour (2006)
 Calw Live (2011)
 Living the Future (2018)

External links
Reviews at gnosis2000.net
 Official website
 Steppenwolf meets Steppenwolf - Anyone's Daughter 2002 in Calw

German progressive rock groups
Brain Records artists