alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Moulin Rouge (disambiguation)

Moulin Rouge, the French term for "Red Mill", is a famous Paris cabaret.

Moulin Rouge may also refer to:

Art, entertainment and media

Films
 Moulin Rouge (1928 film), a British silent film directed by Ewald André Dupont
 Moulin Rouge (1934 film), an American film directed by Sidney Lanfield
 Moulin Rouge (1941 film), a French film directed by André Hugon and Yves Mirande
 Moulin Rouge (1952 film), a British film directed by John Huston
 Moulin Rouge!, 2001 film directed by Baz Luhrmann

Theater 

 Moulin Rouge! (musical), 2018 musical

Literature
 Moulin Rouge, a novel by Pierre La Mure and the basis for the 1952 film

Music
 Moulin Rouge (band), a Slovenian popular music group
 "It's April Again", also known as "The Song from Moulin Rouge" or "Moulin Rouge" or "Where Is Your Heart", from the 1952 film Moulin Rouge
 Moulin Rouge! Music from Baz Luhrmann's Film, soundtrack to the 2001 film
 Moulin Rouge! Music from Baz Luhrmann's Film, Vol. 2, volume two of the soundtrack of the 2001 film

Periodicals
 Moulin rouge (magazine), a Russian magazine

Visual art
 At the Moulin Rouge, a painting by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Enterprises
 Moulin Rouge Hotel, a hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada
 Moulin Rouge Cinema, a movie theater in Tehran

See also

 
 Rouge (disambiguation)
 Moulin (disambiguation)
Danangombe

Danangombe (formerly Dhlo-Dhlo or Ndlo Dlo, alternative spellings Danamombe per National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Dananombe and Danan'ombe) is a Zimbabwean archaeological site, about eighty kilometres from Gweru, in the direction of Bulawayo and about 35 kilometres south of the highway. It is not often visited due to the poor quality roads in the area. The remains on the site resemble those of Khami. Nearby are the smaller ruins at Naletale, that were occupied at the same time. The original name used by the Kalanga people is unknown as Dhlo-Dhlo (the name in Sindebele) was applied to the site later and it is unclear whether the name of Danangombe retains elements of the original name.

Danan(g)ombe (together with Khami and Naletale) was one of the centres of the Rozvi culture, which had succeeded the Torwa.

It is not to be confused with Danangombe Hill near Mutare.

Layout
The site consists of a ruined town dating from the 17th or 18th century AD, and therefore probably occupied just after the abandonment of the site at Khami. The town plan follows a similar layout to Khami but is on a smaller scale. It is therefore a deliberate attempt to sustain the society and culture that had been established at Khami. The most extensive foundations are on the highest ground and it appears that all the dwellings were constructed using walls of wood-reinforced mud, as all traces of these have been lost. The site was destroyed in the 1830s when the Matabele arrived in the area. See Mapungubwe, Great Zimbabwe, and Khami.

Sources and external links
Zimbabwe Khami Ruins from Bulawayo1872
Zimbabwe History from Africanet
Zimbabwe Information from Solomons Guide
K. Chikuse Effects of Ndebele raids on Shona power (proving the synonymity of Dhlodhlo and Danangombe)

References 

Archaeological sites in Zimbabwe
Former populated places in Zimbabwe
Archaeological sites of Eastern Africa
Annette von Aretin

Annette von Aretin (23 May 1920 in Bamberg – 1 March 2006 in Munich) was christened Marie Adelheid Kunigunde Felicitas Elisabeth, Freiin von Aretin.

She was the first Bavarian television announcer. She gained popularity by appearing on the panel of Robert Lembke's quiz show Was bin ich? (What is my profession?), which was broadcast on German national television, for 34 years.

External links 
 
 

1920 births
2006 deaths
People from Bamberg
German baronesses
German television personalities
Durandus

Durandus is the latinized form of the French name Durand. It may refer to:
Durandus of Liège (died 1024/5), bishop of Liège
Durandus of Troarn (c. 1012 – 1089), French Benedictine monk and writer
Durand of Huesca (c. 1160 – 1224), Spanish theologian also known as Durandus of Huesca
Guillaume Durand  (c. 1230 – November 1, 1296), French liturgist,  theologian and Bishop of Mende, also known as Durandus of Mende
Durandus of Saint-Pourçain (c. 1275 – 13 September 1332 / 10 September 1334), French Dominican theologian
Ernest Jones (disambiguation)

Ernest Jones (1879–1958) was a Welsh neurologist, psychoanalyst, and Sigmund Freud's official biographer.

Ernest Jones may also refer to:

Sportspeople

American football
Ernest T. Jones (born 1970), head football coach at Alcorn State University
Ernest Jones (defensive lineman) (born 1971), American football player
Ernest Jones (linebacker) (born 1999), American football player

Other sportspeople
Ernest William Jones (1870–1941), Anglo-Welsh cricketer and trans-European shipping magnate
Ernest Jones (footballer) (1871–1959), Australian rules footballer
Ernest Jones (golfer) (1887–1965), English professional golfer
Ernest Jones (rugby league), rugby league footballer of the 1910s and 1920s for Great Britain, England, and Rochdale Hornets
Ernest Mint Jones (born 1910), American baseball player

Other people
Ernest Charles Jones (1819–1869), English poet, novelist, and Chartist
Ernest Lester Jones (1876–1929), hydrographic and geodetic engineer
Ernest LaRue Jones (1882–1955), aviation pioneer, see Early Birds of Aviation
Ernest Jones (trade unionist) (1895–1973), English coal miner
Ernest Jones (retailer), a national jewellery retailer in the United Kingdom, owned by Signet Group
Ernest W. Jones (1910–2005), Canadian politician

See also
Ernie Jones (disambiguation)
Xhosa clan names

Iziduko (pl.) in Xhosa are family names that are considered more important than surnames among Xhosa people. Many Xhosa persons can trace their family history back to a specific male ancestor or stock. Mentioning the clan name of someone is the highest form of respect, and it is considered polite to enquire after someone's clan name on meeting. The clan name is also sometimes used as an exclamation by members of that clan.

When a woman marries, she may take her husband's surname, but she always keeps her own clan name and adds the prefix "Ma-" to it. A man and a woman who have the same clan name may not marry, as they are considered to be related.

References

Sources
 Mlungisi Ndima (1988). A History of the Qwathi People from the Earliest Times to 1910. MA Thesis. Rhodes University.
 Kirsch et al. Clicking with Xhosa (2001). Cape Town: David Phillips Publishers. p. 22.
 Makuliwe, Mpumelelo T.A. Iziduko zabantu abathetha IsiXhosa: isikhokelo kwintetho yesintu.

Clan names
Damian Dame

Damian Dame was an American R&B group that was active in the early 1990s. It consisted of Bruce Edward "Damian" Broadus (September 13, 1966 – June 27, 1996) and Debra Jean "Deah Dame" Hurd (September 20, 1958 – June 27, 1994).

Career
In 1991, Damian Dame became the first act signed to LaFace Records, co-founded by Kenny "Babyface" Edmonds, for whom Hurd once sang backing vocals. The duo released their eponymous debut album on May 14, 1991, yielding the singles "Exclusivity" and "Right Down to It," which peaked at #1 and #2 respectively on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart as well as #42 and #90 on the Billboard Hot 100 respectively, and "Gotta Learn My Rhythm."

Deaths
Hurd was killed in a car accident in Atlanta, Georgia, on June 27, 1994; she was 35 years old. Broadus died of colon cancer at the age of 29 on June 27, 1996, exactly two years after Hurd's death, and less than a week after his first solo album, 199Sex, was released.

References

American contemporary R&B musical groups
American soul musical groups
American musical duos
Contemporary R&B duos
Geffen Records artists
LaFace Records artists
20th-century American singers
Male–female musical duos
Overflow flag

In computer processors, the overflow flag (sometimes called the V flag) is usually a single bit in a system status register used to indicate when an arithmetic overflow has occurred in an operation, indicating that the signed two's-complement result would not fit in the number of bits used for the result. Some architectures may be configured to automatically generate an exception on an operation resulting in overflow.

An example, suppose we add 127 and 127 using 8-bit registers. 127+127 is 254, but using 8-bit arithmetic the result would be 1111 1110 binary, which is the two's complement encoding of −2, a negative number. A negative sum of positive operands (or vice versa) is an overflow. The overflow flag would then be set so the program can be aware of the problem and mitigate this or signal an error. The overflow flag is thus set when the most significant bit (here considered the sign bit) is changed by adding two numbers with the same sign (or subtracting two numbers with opposite signs). Overflow cannot occur when the sign of two addition operands are different (or the sign of two subtraction operands are the same).

When binary values are interpreted as unsigned numbers, the overflow flag is meaningless and normally ignored.  One of the advantages of two's complement arithmetic is that the addition and subtraction operations do not need to distinguish between signed and unsigned operands.  For this reason, most computer instruction sets do not distinguish between signed and unsigned operands, generating both (signed) overflow and (unsigned) carry flags on every operation, and leaving it to following instructions to pay attention to whichever one is of interest.

Internally, the overflow flag is usually generated by an exclusive or of the internal carry into and out of the sign bit.

Bitwise operations (and, or, xor, not, rotate) do not have a notion of signed overflow, so the defined value varies on different processor architectures. Some processors clear the bit unconditionally (which is useful because bitwise operations set the sign flag, and the clear overflow flag then indicates that the sign flag is valid), others leave it unchanged, and some set it to an undefined value. Shifts and multiplies do permit a well-defined value, but it is not consistently implemented. For example, the x86 instruction set only defines the overflow flag for multiplies and 1-bit shifts; multi-bit shifts leave it undefined.

References

Computer arithmetic
Soran

Soran may refer to:

Places
Soran Emirate, a Kurdish principality
Soran District, a region within the Kurdish Autonomous Region in northern Iraq
Soran, Iraq, a seat of the district government
Sawran, Syria, a town in Syria near Aleppo

Fictional characters
Setsuna F Seiei (Soran Ibrahim), protagonist of the Japanese anime series Mobile Suit Gundam 00
Tolian Soran, character in the film Star Trek Generations

Other
 Soran (band), a South Korean rock band
 Sōran Bushi, a traditional song and dance in Japan
 Soran clan, a Kurdish clan
 Soran Ebrahim, Kurdish actor in the film Turtles Can Fly
Central Council of Muslims in Germany

The Central Council of Muslims in Germany (ZMD; ) is an Islamic organization in Germany. With 15,000 to 20,000 members, mainly German, German Arab, and German Turkish Muslims, it has less than half the size of the Islamrat für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

The Central Council was founded in 1994 by Nadeem Elyas, and since 2006 it has been led by Ayyub Axel Köhler. Its secretary-general is Aiman Mazyek. It is located in Cologne, Germany.

Affiliated organizations also belonging to Islamisches Konzil in Deutschland 

The following organizations belong to the Central Council of Muslims in Germany and to the Islamic Council in Germany (Islamisches Konzil in Deutschland):

Islamische Gemeinschaft in Deutschland,
Muslimische Studentenvereinigung,
Union Islamisch-Albanischer Zentren in Deutschland,
Union der Türkisch-Islamischen Kulturvereine in Europa and
Verband islamischer Gemeinden der Bosniaken
The former leader of the Islamic Council in Germany, Abdullah al-Turki, is the leader of the Muslim World League (seat in Saudi Arabia).

Affiliated organizations also belonging to Islamische Gemeinschaft in Deutschland 

Islamisches Zentrum München and Islamisches Bildungswerk belong to the Islamische Gemeinschaft in Deutschland and to the Central Council of Muslims in Germany.
The Islamische Gemeinschaft is affiliated to the Central Council of Muslims in Germany and to the Muslim Brotherhood.

Affiliated organizations also belonging to Islamische Avantgarden 

Islamische Avantgarden were founded by the former leader of the Syrian division of the Muslim brotherhood. Islamisches Zentrum Aachen and Bundesverband für Islamische Tätigkeiten belong to the Islamische Avantgarden and the Central Council of Muslims in Germany.

The other affiliated organizations 

Islamische Religionsgemeinschaft Berlin belongs to the Central Council of Muslims in Germany and is dominated by the Islamische Gemeinschaft Milli Görüş.
Islamisches Zentrum Hamburg is an affiliated organization and is dominated by the government of Iran.
Islamische Gemeinschaft in Hamburg is close to the Islamic Centre Hamburg and an organization affiliated to the Central Council of Muslims in Germany.
Haus des Islam is an affiliated organization, which is close to the Islamisches Zentrum Aachen of the Muslim Brotherhood. The other affiliated organizations are
Deutsche Muslim-Liga Bonn,
Deutsche Muslim-Liga Hamburg,
Haqqani Trust - Verein für neue deutsche Muslime, and
Islamische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sozial- und Erziehungsberufe.

See also 
 Council on American-Islamic Relations
 Islam in Germany
 Islamic Commission of Spain
 French Council of the Muslim Faith
 Muslim Council of Britain
 Muslim Council of Sweden
 Muslim Executive of Belgium

External links
  http://www.zentralrat.de/ Website of the Zentralrats der Muslime in Deutschland
  http://www.zentralrat.de/3035.php Islamic Charta of 20.02.2002
 https://web.archive.org/web/20061230082555/http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/places/germany.htm
 

Islamic organisations based in Germany
Organisations based in Cologne
Islamic organizations established in 1994
1994 establishments in Germany
Winchester Royals

The Winchester Royals are a collegiate summer baseball team in Winchester, Virginia. They play in the Northern division of the Valley Baseball League. Founded in 1979, the Royals are the most successful team in the history of the Valley League, with thirteen Championships won — in 1979, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1987, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, and 2004. This is one more than the Harrisonburg Turks, and seven more than the Waynesboro Generals, which are the second and third most winning teams in the history of the Valley League.

The Royals play their home games at Bridgeforth Field, a 1,500-seat stadium located within the city-run Jim Barnett Park.

Notable players
Notable former players who went on to play in the major leagues include Jimmy Key, Reggie Sanders, Kevin Kouzmanoff, Tyler Thornburg, and Kyle Snyder. Dayton Moore served as the Winchester manager in 1992 and 1993 and went on to become the general manager of the Kansas City Royals.

References

External links
Winchester Royals
Valley Baseball League

Amateur baseball teams in Virginia
Valley Baseball League teams
Winchester, Virginia
Baseball teams established in 1979
1979 establishments in Virginia
Tonight You're Mine

Tonight You're Mine is a 1980 album by Eric Carmen. It peaked at #160 on the Billboard album chart. It contained the singles "It Hurts Too Much" (#75 US Billboard Hot 100 and number three in South Africa) and "All For Love".

Track listing 
All tracks composed by Eric Carmen
 "It Hurts Too Much" - 4:09
 "Lost In The Shuffle" - 4:00
 "All For Love" - 3:59
 "Tonight You're Mine" - 3:59
 "Sleep With Me" - 4:01
 "Inside Story" - 3:37
 "Foolin' Myself" - 5:33
 "You Need Some Lovin'" - 4:02

Personnel 
 Eric Carmen – lead vocals, arrangements, electric guitar (1), backing vocals (6), acoustic piano (7)
 Duane Hitchings – acoustic piano (1-6, 8), synthesizers (1)
 Billy Peek – electric guitar (1, 2, 6), guitar solo (2), rhythm guitar (8)
 Davey Johnstone – acoustic guitar (1, 4), electric guitar (2, 4, 6), backing vocals (4, 6)
 Fred Tackett – acoustic guitar (1, 4, 6), guitar (3, 5)
 Steve Lukather – lead guitar (8)
 Kenny Passarelli – bass (1, 2, 4, 6-8)
 Bob Glaub – bass (3, 5)
 Carmine Appice – drums (1, 2, 4, 6, 8)
 Rick Shlosser – drums (3, 5, 7)
 Paulinho da Costa – percussion (1, 4)
 Harry Maslin – percussion (3, 5)
 David Woodford – saxophone (1, 6)
 Calvin H. Biggar – bagpipes (4)
 Angus MacKay – bagpipes (4)
 David Stanley Moyle – bagpipes (4)
 Argyle Watterston – bagpipes (4)
 Barry Fasman – string arrangements (1, 3, 5, 7)
 Laura Creamer – backing vocals (1, 4)
 Jim Haas – backing vocals (1, 3, 4)
 Jon Joyce – backing vocals (1, 4)
 Dee Dee Maslin and the Shuflettes – backing vocals (2)
 Steve Farber – backing vocals (3)
 Joanne Harris – backing vocals (3)

Production 
 Harry Maslin – producer, engineer, mixing 
 Rick Ash – assistant engineer 
 Frank D'Amico – assistant engineer
 Sheridan Eldridge – assistant engineer
 Bill Thomas – assistant engineer
 John Van Nest – assistant engineer
 Ria Lewerke-Shapiro – art direction, design, photography 
 Recorded and Mixed at Cherokee Studios (Los Angeles, California) and Allen Zentz Recording (San Clemente, California).

References

Eric Carmen albums
1980 albums
Arista Records albums
Erich Kästner Gemeinschaftsschule Elmshorn

Erich Kästner Gemeinschaftsschule Elmshorn (KGSE), formerly known as Kooperative Gesamtschule Elmshorn, is a German Cooperative Comprehensive School in Elmshorn-Hainholz. The KGSE is a Gesamtschule (comprehensive school) situated in Elmshorn; as such, allowing pupils to study alongside each other for one of the three German major school qualifications: Hauptschulabschluss, Realschulabschluss (roughly equivalent to GCSEs in the UK) and Abitur (equivalent of A-Levels in the UK).

Eponym
The school is named after Erich Kästner, a respected German children's writer, maybe best known for the book Emil and the detectives.

Description
Elmshorn is a city  of 52000 inhabitants in Schleswig-Holstein 30mins travelling time north of Hamburg. The school has about 1350 students, who come from the neighbourhood. It is an Ganztagsschule (de) with lessons starting at 8.00 and continuing until 3.00 pm, three days a week and 1.00pm otherwise but open into the evening. 
 It shares a space with the district library.

Building
The old building was beyond repair so the pupils were decanted into a temporary building, then moved into this new build in 2015. The design contact was placed with Böge Lindner K2 Architekten. The school is  light and airy, in three storey building constructed in 2015. All rooms have natural light and opening windows give natural ventilation. The building occupies a prominent cornersite, and the building are arranged along a spine, called the school street. They feature corridors that open to multi-storey light-wells, and multi-storey halls and sports halls. The individual blocks are built round courtyards.

Academics

Gesamtschule are not common in Germany. They are mainly found in Bremen and Saarland. They exist in two forms: Integriete (integrated) where the pupils are taught together throughout and Koopertive (cooperative) where the pupils are streamed and are only integrated for sport.

References

External links
School website

Schools in Schleswig-Holstein
Educational institutions with year of establishment missing
Pinneberg (district)
Eric Carmen (1975 album)

Eric Carmen is the debut album by American rock and roll musician and singer-songwriter Eric Carmen. It is also his first of two self-titled albums, the other released in 1984. It peaked at No. 21 on the Billboard album chart upon its release in 1975, the highest position of his career, and generated the No. 2 pop single "All by Myself" in the same year.  The song reached No. 1 on the Cashbox and Record World charts.  The album also included two follow-up Top 40 hits, "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" (#11), and "Sunrise" (#34), both of which charted in 1976.

All tracks were written by Eric Carmen except the Drifters' song "On Broadway", which was written by Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil, Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller.  This LP also contained Carmen's original version of "That's Rock and Roll", which became a No. 3 hit for Shaun Cassidy in 1977.

The album was Carmen's first solo production after leaving the Raspberries, a power pop group which scored several Top 40 hits in the early 1970s.

Songs
All compositions by Eric Carmen with the exception of "Never Gonna Fall In Love Again", whose melody he borrowed from Russian composer Sergei Rachmaninoff's Symphony No. 2 in E minor, "All By Myself", with elements from Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor, and "On Broadway", which was written by Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil, Mike Stoller and Jerry Leiber. The uptempo Track number 6, "My Girl" — not to be confused with the well-known Temptations hit from 1965 — also exploits a theme from Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 2.

Cash Box said of the opening track and third single "Sunrise" that "There's a beautiful introduction, with horns and everything, and then the music breaks into some serious rock ’n’ roll. Carmen's voice is in top form, and he makes the melody soar." Billboard said of it that Carmen's "wonderfully unmistakable sad tenor voice attacks an uptempo lyric message this time and produces the effect of a breaking heart desperately winning through to an optimistic outlook. The melody and production are a sleek counterpoint to Carmen's emotional singing." "Sunrise" peaked at #34 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Track listing
 "Sunrise" – 5:21
 "That's Rock 'n' Roll"  – 3:10
 "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" – 3:45
 "All by Myself" – 7:11
 "Last Night" – 2:57
 "My Girl" – 3:02
 "Great Expectations" – 3:03
 "Everything"  – 2:01
 "No Hard Feelings" – 5:40
 "On Broadway" – 3:26

Personnel
Eric Carmen - lead vocals, guitar, keyboards
Dan Hrdlicka - lead guitar, backing vocals
Steve Knill - bass, backing vocals
Richard Reising - synthesizer, organ, backing vocals
Dwight Krueger, Michael McBride - drums, percussion, backing vocals
Jackie Kelso - uncredited flute solo on "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again"
Hugh McCracken - slide guitar solo on "All By Myself"
Technical
Jack Sherdel - engineer
Robert L. Heimall - art direction, design
Norman Seeff - photography

Charts

Singles

Year-end charts

References

Eric Carmen albums
1975 debut albums
Albums produced by Jimmy Ienner
Arista Records albums
Rhino Records albums
Universal key

The universal key or universal scale is a concept employed in music theory in which specific notes or chord symbols in a key signature are replaced with numbers or Roman numerals, allowing for a discussion describing relationships between notes or chords that can be universally applied to all key signatures.

For example, in the key of E-flat major, the notes of the scale would be replaced like so:
E becomes scale degree 1
F becomes scale degree 2
G becomes scale degree 3
A becomes scale degree 4
B becomes scale degree 5
C becomes scale degree 6
D becomes scale degree 7

Triads (common practice style)

When used with chord symbols, the Roman numerals represent the root of a triad built on the associated scale step.  In music theory based on the practices of the common practice period and its derivations the chord numerals are often written in upper case for chords in the major family, and in lower case for chords in the minor family, with the usual "m" or "—" minor chord quality suffix omitted outright:

E becomes I
Fm7 becomes ii7
Gm7 becomes iii7
Amaj7 becomes IV maj7
B7 becomes V7
Cm7 becomes vi7
Dø7 becomes viiø7

When representing the triads rooted in a minor key, the upper or lower case of the numerals indicate both its chord quality and that the key is minor:

Cm7 becomes i7
Dø7 becomes iiø7
E becomes III
Fm7 becomes iv7
Gm7 becomes v7
Amaj7 becomes VI maj7
B7 becomes VII7

A major drawback of using this method is its lack of use of accidentals. While in the numeric system, flats and sharps can be represented either by the use of fractions (e.g. an A natural in the scale above becomes ) or, more commonly in written text, by inserting an accidental before the number (e.g. the same note becomes 5 or 4).

Triads (jazz and popular style)

In music theory aimed towards jazz and popular music, all triads are represented by upper case numerals, followed by a symbol to indicate if it is not a major chord (e.g. "m" for minor or "ø" for half-diminished):

Emaj7 becomes I maj7
Fm7 becomes IIm7
Gm7 becomes IIIm7
Amaj7 becomes IV maj7
B7 becomes V7
Cm7 becomes VIm7
Dø7 becomes VIIø7

When representing the triads rooted in a minor key, accidentals are used to indicate the chromatic alteration from the assumed major key roots indicated by numerals that don't have accidentals:

E minor:

Em7 becomes Im7
Fmø7 becomes IIø7
Gmaj7 becomes IIImaj7 (the assumed pitch for the root of a III numeral in E is G, and the  is required to indicate that, in E minor, this chord is rooted on G)
Am7 becomes IVm7
Bm7 becomes Vm7
Cmaj7 becomes VImaj7
D7 becomes VII7

This will frequently result in numerals whose accidentals are different than those of the actual root note, as they are referring to a change from the assumed pitch and not an absolute pitch:

D minor:

Dm7 becomes Im7
Emø7 becomes IIø7
Fmaj7 becomes III maj7 (the assumed pitch for the root of a III numeral in D is F, and the  is required to indicate that, in D minor, this chord is rooted on F)
Gm7 becomes IVm7
Am7 becomes Vm7
Bmaj7 becomes VI maj7
C7 becomes VII7

Further reading
Baxter, John (2010). Deluxe Encyclopedia Of Mandolin Chords, p. 11. Mel Bay. .

Musical scales
I Hope You're Sitting Down/Jack's Tulips

I Hope You're Sitting Down, also known as Jack's Tulips, is the 1994 debut album by Lambchop.

Track listing
 “Begin” – 3:30
 “Betweemus” – 5:26
 “Soaky in the Pooper” – 4:16
 “Because You Are the Very Air He Breathes” – 6:11
 “Under the Same Moon” – 4:55
 “I Will Drive Slowly” – 4:44
 “Oh, What a Disappointment” – 4:26
 “Hellmouth” – 2:52
 “Bon Soir, Bon Soir” – 3:32
 “Hickey” – 5:51
 “Breathe Deep” – 4:13
 “So I Hear You’re Moving” – 3:47
 “Let’s Go Bowling” – 5:29
 “What Was He Wearing?” – 3:18
 “Cowboy on the Moon” – 2:40
 “Or Thousands of Prizes” – 4:53 (City Slang edition only)
 “The Pack-Up Song” – 1:53

Personnel
Sourced from AllMusic.

Lampchop
 Kurt Wagner - vocals, guitar
 Paul Niehaus - guitar, trombone, vocals
 Marc William Trovillion - bass
 John Delworth - Farfisa and Hammond organs
 Jonathan Marx - clarinet, alto sax, vocals
 Deanna Varagona - alto sax, banjo, cello, vocals
 Allen Lowrey - drums, percussion
 Scott C. Chase - percussion

References

1994 debut albums
Lambchop (band) albums
Merge Records albums
New India Assurance

The New India Assurance Co. Ltd., is an Indian public sector general insurance company based in Mumbai. It is the largest nationalised general insurance company of India on the basis of gross premium collection inclusive of foreign operations. It was founded by Sir Dorabji Tata in 1919, and was nationalised in 1973.

Previously, it was a subsidiary of the General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC). But when GIC became a re-insurance company following the passage of the IRDA Act 1999, its four primary insurance subsidiaries New India Assurance, United India Insurance, Oriental Insurance and National Insurance became autonomous.

Offices

The company, with its registered Head office in Mumbai, has about 31 regional offices, 6 Large Corporate Offices, 447 Divisional Offices, 578 Branches, 27 Direct Agent Branches and 1,239 Micro Offices, Elmo Auto hub, 2 centralised legal hubs totaling 2329 offices.

The company operates in 28 countries as of 2015-16. The foreign operations details are as follows:

Workforce

The company's achievements include:

 Market leadership position for four consecutive decades.
 The ratio of available solvency margin to required solvency margin standing at 2.3 times(Global).
 Total net worth of ₹28,895 crores.
 Total assets - crossed ₹61720 crores.
 Only Indian General Insurance Company to have presence in 28 countries.

Rating 
NIA is the only direct insurer in India rated A-(Excellent – Positive outlook) by AM Best. CRISIL reaffirmed its AAA/STABLE rating, indicating that the company has the highest degree of financial strength.

References

External links
 

General insurance companies of India
Financial services companies based in Mumbai
Financial services companies established in 1919
Government-owned insurance companies of India
Companies nationalised by the Government of India
Indian companies established in 1919
Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange
Else Reppen

Else Reppen (14 November 1933 – 28 February 2006) was a Norwegian philanthropist, Pentecostal and a strict advocate of temperance. During her lifetime she was well known of serving others and caring little for herself. In 1984, she founded "Action Poland" which later became known as "Friends of Poland". This is a small group of people that transports food, clothing and other necessities in a bus every September to institutions such as churches and orphan homes in Poland. From 1996 to 2005, she served as President of the Norwegian WWCTU, World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

Early years and marriage
Else Reppen was born in Flekkefjord, Vest-Agder in southern Norway on 14 November 1933 to Nils and Sofie Staaby. They were a working-class family, her father being Flekkefjord's first typographer, her mother staying at home with 8 children. After having completed the obligatory primary education, which lasted for 7 years those days, she began working. In 1952, she married Magne Reppen (d. 1992), also of Flekkefjord. They became members of Pinsemenigheten Salen (a local Pentecostal congregation) early, as Else Reppen later explained it: "When we realized the importance of the Baptism of the Holy Ghost". Their first child, Sissel Reppen, was born a year later, in 1953. In 1960, Nils Terje Reppen was born.

References

Norwegian philanthropists
1933 births
2006 deaths
Woman's Christian Temperance Union people
20th-century philanthropists
People from Flekkefjord
20th-century women philanthropists
Piano Technicians Guild

The Piano Technicians Guild (PTG) is an International organization for Registered Piano Technicians,  headquartered in Kansas City, Kansas. The PTG was formed in 1957 from the merger of the American Society of Piano Technicians and the National Association of Piano Tuners.

Membership categories and requirements 

The PTG is primarily an American professional association with open membership. It states that anyone with a professional or avocational interest in piano technology may join. The title of Registered Piano Technician (RPT) must be earned by passing a series of examinations. There are three examinations: a written multiple choice test consisting of questions covering all areas of piano technology and tuning, a tuning exam, and a technical exam, where the examinee demonstrates competence in common repairs and regulation of grand and upright actions. For the tuning exam, RPTs perform a standardized piano tuning on a piano that has been master tuned. A master tuning is one that is performed by a group of technicians until they all agree no improvements on the tuning can be made. The results of this "master tuning" are then stored on an electronic tuning device. The piano is then detuned so the examinee can tune it, and the results are compared to the master tuning for scoring.

Education and conventions 
Guild members improve their skills through training offered by local chapters and seminars held on the regional and national level. The Piano Technicians Guild also publishes a monthly technical magazine, the Piano Technicians Journal.

References

External links
Piano Technicians Guild web site
Official Facebook Page

String instrument organizations
Organizations established in 1957
1957 establishments in the United States
Organizations based in Kansas City, Kansas
Cassie Yates

Cassandra Yates (born March 2, 1951) is an American actress known for her performances on television.

Early years 
Yates was born and raised in Macon, Georgia. Her mother named her after the character Cassandra portrayed by Betty Field in Kings Row. When Yates was young, her family moved from Atlanta to Dublin, Georgia.

After studying art, Yates was a commercial illustrator before she began cutting hair and eventually opened her own beauty shop. Her first contact with acting came through night classes and performances in plays at little theaters.

Career 
Her most high-profile role was probably in Dynasty as Sarah Curtis. Yates also appeared in the 1981 TV version of John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men. She appeared in various television series, including McMillan & Wife; Rich Man, Poor Man Book II; The Bionic Woman; The Streets of San Francisco; Barnaby Jones; Quincy, M.E.; Vega$; Simon & Simon; Magnum, P.I.; Hotel; Cagney & Lacey; Thirtysomething and Murder, She Wrote in the 1984 episode "Deadly Lady".

In 1978, she starred as Laura Coe, a disc jockey, in the movie FM. She also played roles in two films directed by Sam Peckinpah: Convoy (1978), and The Osterman Weekend (1983). Her other film credits include Rolling Thunder (1977), F.I.S.T. (1978), The Evil (1978), St. Helens (1981) and Unfaithfully Yours (1984).

Filmography

References

External links
 

1951 births
Living people
American television actresses
Actors from Macon, Georgia
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
American film actresses
Council for European Studies

The Council for European Studies (CES),  based at Columbia University, is an academic organization for the study of Europe. It offers scholarships and research grants, publications, and an annual conference.

History
The Council for European Studies was founded in 1970 with a grant from the Ford Foundation.  First located at the University of Pittsburgh and later moved to Columbia University, its current institutional host, CES was originally formed as a limited consortium of Western European studies programs at eight major U.S. universities: University of California Berkeley, Columbia University, Harvard, Princeton, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, and Yale.  However, it ceased to be a consortium of eight in 1972, when twenty other universities were invited to become institutional members.

Since that time, its institutional membership has grown substantially.  Its institutional members currently include over 100 universities, colleges, and institutes around the world. Moreover, although membership was once restricted to institutions, CES has opened its membership rolls to individuals and now counts about 1,200 individuals as organization members. Membership provides access to the full range of CES fellowship and award competitions, publications, research resources, and professional development opportunities.

The Council for European Studies is an independent, 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.

Grants, Fellowships, and Awards
CES sponsors a variety of fellowship and award competitions for graduate students and scholars of European Studies, which are available exclusively to individual CES members, as well as students, faculty, and researchers affiliated with CES member institutions.
 Mellon-CES Dissertation Completion Fellowships
 Alliance-CES Pre-Dissertation Research Fellowships 
 Harriman-CES Pre-Dissertation Research Fellowships
 SAE-CES Pre-Dissertation Research Fellowships 
 European Studies First Book Award
 European Studies First Article Prizes
 Conference Travel Grants

International Conference of Europeanists
The Council for European Studies hosts an annual conference.

Publications
CES is a leading publisher of research on Europe. The organization's publications include:
 EuropeNow
 Perspectives on Europe
 Reviews & Critical Commentary (CritCom)
 European Studies Newsletter

Former publications
 CES Resource Guide

Research networks
The following research networks are currently supported by the Council for European Studies:
 Business in Politics and Society
 Critical European Studies
 European Culture
 European Integration and the Global Political Economy – New Directions
 Gender and Sexuality
 Health & Wellbeing
 Historical Study of States and Regimes
 Immigration
 Law
 Political Economy and Welfare
 Political Parties, Party Systems and Elections
 Race and Racism in Europe
 Radicalism and Violence
 Social Movements
 Territorial Politics and Federalism
 Transnational Memory and Identity in Europe

References

External links
Official website
Facebook
Twitter
Reviews and Critical Commentary

References

European studies
Columbia University
Scale of vowels

A scale of vowels is an arrangement of vowels in order of perceived "pitch".

A scale used for poetry in American English lists the vowels by the frequency of the second formant (the higher of the two overtones that define a vowel sound).  Starting with the highest,

{| class="IPA wikitable"
! vowel
! example
|- 
|iː
|key
|-
|eɪ
|cane
|-
|aɪ
|kite
|-
|ɪ
|kit
|-
|ɛ
|ken
|-
|æ
|cat
|-
|ɝː
|cur
|-
|ʌ
|cut
|-
|ɑː
|cot, car
|-
|aʊ
|cow
|-
|ɔɪ
|coy
|-
|ɔː
|caught, core
|-
|ʊ
|could
|-
| oʊ
| coat
|-
| uː
| cool, cute
|}

In technical terms, this listing goes from front vowels to back vowels.  It is by no means precise enough for phonology.  For one thing, the sounds with  or  as the second symbol are diphthongs, during which the formants change. Also, many American accents and practically all from other countries will require different lists. Nonetheless this scale has been used in poetry.  For instance, one can identify lines that generally go upward—
O love, be fed with apples while you may… (Robert Graves)
/oʊ ˈlʊv bi ˈfɛd wɪθ ˈæ.pl̩z ˈwaɪl ju ˈmeɪ/

or downward—
When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom'd… (Walt Whitman)
/wɛn ˈlaɪ.læks ˌlæst ɪn ðə ˈdɔɹ.jɑɹd ˌblumd/

A pendeka (from the Greek for "fifteen") is a poem containing each of the above vowels once.  The following example, which goes up the scale, is intended strictly as a mnemonic.

Mood: no good, brought voice
Down, not up, perhaps
Ends with—Hi, baby!

Not to be confused with

The high- and low-frequency vowels described here are not the high vowels and low vowels of linguistics.  Those are vowels where the tongue is high (as in "cool" and "key") or low (as in "car") respectively.  Also, this scale is not the sonority hierarchy.

References
   For the pendeka, see the 1982 edition, .

Prosody (linguistics)
Melody
Cold turkey (disambiguation)

Going cold turkey means withdrawing from a habit or addiction abruptly.

Cold Turkey or cold turkey may also refer to:

Film
 Cold Turkey (1951 film), an animated short film starring Pluto
 Cold Turkey (1971 film), a comedy by Norman Lear
 Cold Turkey (2003 film), an Australian film directed by Steven McGregor
 Cold Turkey (2013 film), an independent film starring Alicia Witt

Other uses
 "Cold Turkey", a 1969 song by John Lennon
 "Cold Turkey", a song by Yung Beef from ADROMICFMS 4
 "Cold Turkey" (Bump in the Night), a television episode wherein a turkey comes to life

See also
 Turkey (bird)
 Turkey (country)
Rotational temperature

The characteristic rotational temperature ( or ) is commonly used in statistical thermodynamics to simplify the expression of the rotational partition function and the rotational contribution to molecular thermodynamic properties. It has units of temperature and is defined as

where   is the rotational constant,  is a molecular moment of inertia,  is the Planck constant,  is the speed of light,  is the reduced Planck constant and  is the Boltzmann constant.

The physical meaning of  is as an estimate of the temperature at which thermal energy (of the order of ) is comparable to the spacing between rotational energy levels (of the order of ). At about this temperature the population of excited rotational levels becomes important. Some typical values are given in the table. In each case the value refers to the most common isotopic species.

References

See also
Rotational spectroscopy
Vibrational temperature
Vibrational spectroscopy
Infrared spectroscopy
Spectroscopy

Atomic physics
Molecular physics
Percy Wickman

Percy Dwight Wickman (June 10, 1941 – July 3, 2004) was a Canadian politician and well-known activist for people with disabilities.  He was born in Thunder Bay, Ontario.

Wickman served as an alderman on Edmonton City Council from 1977 to 1986. He made headlines when he was elected as Liberal MLA for Edmonton-Whitemud after unseating Alberta premier Don Getty in the 1989 election, despite the fact Getty had otherwise won a majority government. In 1993 election and 1997 election Wickman was re-elected as the MLA for Edmonton Rutherford. Wickman retired from politics in 2001. He wasn't just a politician he helped many people with disabilities. He himself was in a wheelchair.

Wickman died in 2004 due to a paraplegic-related infection at the age of 63. He will be greatly missed by his family and others.

References

Further reading

External links
Death of Percy Wickman
Embarrassment for Getty CBC Archives

1941 births
2004 deaths
Alberta Liberal Party MLAs
Canadian politicians with disabilities
Northern Alberta Institute of Technology alumni
Politicians from Thunder Bay
Politicians with paraplegia
Kim Morgan Greene

Kim Morgan Greene is an American actress, known for her performance as Channing Carter Colby in the Dynasty spin-off series The Colbys.

Greene played Nicole Love on Another World from 1983 to 1984,  and later starred as Channing Carter Colby in season two of The Colbys. Greene appeared as Melissa Cassidy, a late-night radio talk-show host and sex therapist, on the crime drama Silk Stalkings, and played Cloe's mother Katie in the 2007 film Bratz.

In 2002, Greene played Roxie Hart in Chicago at the North Shore Music Theatre outside of Boston. Since 2018, Greene has been a member of the Broadway Theater Project.

References

External links

American film actresses
American soap opera actresses
American television actresses
Living people
Actors from North Carolina
21st-century American women
Year of birth missing (living people)
Front Royal Cardinals

The Front Royal Cardinals are a collegiate summer baseball team in Front Royal, Virginia, USA, playing in the northern division of the Valley Baseball League. They play their home games at Bing Crosby Stadium, which is located within the Warren County-run Gertrude E. Miller Recreational Park.

References

External links
Valley Baseball League
Front Royal Cardinal Baseball

Amateur baseball teams in Virginia
Valley Baseball League teams
Front Royal, Virginia
Baseball teams established in 1984
1984 establishments in Virginia
For Screening Purposes Only

For Screening Purposes Only is the debut studio album by UK dance-punk trio Test Icicles, released in 2005. It was critically praised for being unique and compelling in an increasingly homogenous indie music scene. Following the group's split in February 2006, the album remains Test Icicles' only LP.

Title 

The name of the album is derived from the 1999 film Thicker Than Water. In the movie the phrase "For screening purposes only" appears on screen whenever any violence occurs in the film. Band member Rory Atwell has also stated that the first song on the album, "Your Biggest Mistake", is about the film.

Composition
The sounds on Screening Purposes fit somewhere between "cleaned-up" death-disco and "manicured" noise rock and dons "dance-punk verve and hardcore mayhem". It also digs into "hook-filled, slash-and burn" post-hardcore.

However, the trio bring in eclectic sounds of avant-pop, doom metal, funk and hip hop throughout.

Track listing 

Track listings and writing credits.

"Your Biggest Mistake" - 4:01 (Sam Mehran)
"Pull the Lever" - 3:58 (Rory Attwell)
"Interlude" - 0:52 (Instrumental)
"Boa vs. Python" - 3:02 (Sam Mehran)
"Circle. Square. Triangle" - 3:06 (Sam Mehran, Rory Attwell, Devonte Hynes)
"Catch It!" - 3:38 (lyrics by Devonte Hynes, music by Sam Mehran)
"Maintain the Focus" - 3:35 (Sam Mehran)
"Snowball" – 3:12 (Rory Attwell)
"What's Your Damage?" - 4:09 (Sam Mehran)
"All You Need Is Blood" - 4:07 (Devonte Hynes + reversed rap by Sam Mehran)
"Sharks" – 3:42 (Sam Mehran)
"Dancing on Pegs" - 2:16 (Rory Attwell)
"Party on Dudes (Get Hype)" - 12:30 (Sam Mehran)
"What's Michelle Like?" (Sam Mehran, Rory Attwell, Devonte Hynes) (US Bonus Track) (UK Hidden Track)
"What's In the Box?" (Rory Attwell) (US Bonus Track)
""Circle. Square. Triangle (MC Lars Edit)" - 3:06 (Sam Mehran, Rory Attwell, Devonte Hynes) (Japan Bonus Track)
""Circle. Square. Triangle (James Ford Remix)" - 3:14 (Sam Mehran, Rory Attwell, Devonte Hynes) (Japan Bonus Track)

References 

2005 debut albums
Domino Recording Company albums
Test Icicles albums
Albums produced by James Ford (musician)
Dev Hynes albums
Ingo Appelt

Ingo Appelt (born 11 December 1961 in Innsbruck) is an Austrian bobsledder who competed from the late 1980s to early 1992.

He was Bobsleigh World Cup combined men's champion in 1987–8, and four-man champion in 1987-8 and 1988–9. Competing in two Winter Olympics, Appelt won the gold medal in the four-man event at Albertville in 1992. He also won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1990 FIBT World Championships in St. Moritz. Appelt retired from bobsledding at the 1992 games.

Appelt became a Member of Tyrolean Parliament for the Freedom Party of Austria, but meanwhile he works again as a jeweller and jewellery designer in Fulpmes.

References
Bobsleigh four-man Olympic medalists for 1924, 1932-56, and since 1964
Bobsleigh four-man world championship medalists since 1930
DatabaseOlympics.com profile
List of combined men's bobsleigh World Cup champions: 1985-2007
List of four-man bobsleigh World Cup champions since 1985

1961 births
Sportspeople from Innsbruck
Living people
Austrian male bobsledders
Austrian jewellers
Austrian politicians
Bobsledders at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Olympic bobsledders for Austria
Olympic gold medalists for Austria
Olympic medalists in bobsleigh
Medalists at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Recipients of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
List of Virgin Atlantic destinations

The following is a list of current and former destinations served by Virgin Atlantic and its subsidiary Virgin Atlantic International .

Passenger

Cargo
In addition to the previously listed destinations served with scheduled passenger service, Virgin Atlantic has also operated scheduled, cargo-only flights on its passenger aircraft to the following destinations :

References

Lists of airline destinations
Virgin Atlantic
SkyTeam destinations