alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Southern Pacific Railroad of Mexico

The Southern Pacific Railroad of Mexico  was a railroad subsidiary of the Southern Pacific Railroad in Mexico, operating from Nogales, Sonora, to Mazatlán, Sinaloa.  The Sonora Railway was constructed by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway between 1879 and 1882.   In 1898 the Santa Fe leased the Sonora Railway to the Southern Pacific in return for the latter railroad's line from Needles to Mojave, California.  This arrangement continued until December 1911, when the Southern Pacific purchased both the Sonora Railway and the New Mexico and Arizona. The following June, the Sonora Railway became part of the Southern Pacific Railroad in Mexico." 

The main line ran 1,095 miles from the Sonoran town of Nogales, just across the border from Arizona, to the city of Guadalajara, stopping at several northwestern cities and port towns along the way. Owned by the Southern Pacific Company, which operated a highly profitable railroad system north of the border, the SP de Mex transported millions of passengers as well as millions of tons of freight over the years, both within Mexico and across its northern border. Daniel Lewis (2007) reports it rarely turned a profit, and contends that SP executives, urged on by the media of the day, operated with a reflexive imperialism that kept the company committed to the railroad long after it ceased to make business sense. 

It was sold to the Mexican government in 1951, becoming the Ferrocarril del Pacifico.

Passenger operations
Until the mid-20th century it operated several local and mixed trains, in addition to the following long distance night train:
 El Costeno, #9 northbound, #10 southbound --Nogales - Guadalajara - Mexico City, D.F., with coordinated service with the Southern Pacific Railroad's Argonaut train to Los Angeles (#6 eastbound, #5 westbound).

The train was renamed as El Yaqui, #9 northbound, #10 southbound by 1949, with a bus replacing the section between Tucson and Nogales. When the SP of Mexico was absorbed into the Ferrocarril de Pacifico El Yaqui took the numbers #1 northbound, #2 southbound.

References

 
  online review
 Robert A. Trennert, Jr., "The Southern Pacific Railroad of Mexico," The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Aug., 1966), pp. 265–284 online at JSTOR

See also
 List of Mexican railroads

Defunct railway companies of Mexico
Mexico
Emeraldia

is a puzzle arcade game released by Namco in 1993. On March 26, 2009, it was re-released on the Wii Virtual Console.

Gameplay

This game has three modes of play; Adventure, Normal, and Versus. In all three modes, both players must line up blocks of a particular colour - and when three blocks have been lined up (vertically), they will crack. Once a fourth block of that same color lands on the three cracked ones, they will all shatter; for Adventure Mode, the object is to get the trapped sea creatures down to the bottom of the screen. After each ocean has been cleared, the player receives an item which can be activated by pushing the stick up and pressing the button - however, each item can only be used once, and only in the ocean that follows the one it was received at the end of. At the end of the "Mystic Ocean", the player has to defeat a sea demon named Jamir, by cracking the block he is possessing with his face; he will then go on to possess a different block, and once the blocks he possesses have been cracked six times, he will be defeated. However, the game is not over at this point - as there is still one more stage that has to be cleared (called the "Escape Stage"), where the player must get seven pink dolphins and one blue one (which appear as part of the block groups) down to the bottom of the screen.

Reception

In Japan, Game Machine listed Emeraldia in their September 1, 1993 issue as being the eighth most popular table arcade game at the time.

Notes

References

External links
 

1993 video games
Arcade video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Namco arcade games
Video games developed in Japan
Virtual Console games
Puzzle video games
Japan-exclusive video games
1920 in association football

The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1920 throughout the world.

Events

Winners club national championship 
Argentina: Boca Juniors, River Plate
Austria: Rapid Vienna
Belgium: Club Brugge
Denmark: B 1903
England: Liverpool F.C.
France: no national championship
Germany: 1. FC Nürnberg
Hungary: MTK Hungária FC
Iceland: Víkingur
Italy: Internazionale Milano F.C.
Luxembourg: CS Fola Esch
Netherlands: Be Quick
Paraguay: Club Libertad
Poland: not finished due to Polish-Soviet War; most probably champions would have been Cracovia
Scotland: For fuller coverage, see 1919-20 in Scottish football.
Scottish Division One – Rangers
Scottish Cup – Kilmarnock
Sweden: Djurgårdens IF
Uruguay: Nacional
Greece: 1913 to 1921 - no championship titles due to the First World War and the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922.

International tournaments
 1920 British Home Championship (October 25, 1919 – April 10, 1920)

Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium (August 28 – September 2, 1920)
 
 
 
 South American Championship 1920 in Chile (September 11, 1920 – October 3, 1920)

Births
 January 15 – Anton Malatinský, Slovak international football player and coach (died 1992)
 January 31 – Bert Williams, English international goalkeeper (died 2014)
 March 3 – Elio Bianchi, retired Italian professional footballer
 April 14 – Schubert Gambetta, Uruguayan international footballer (died 1991)
 June 26 – Ernst Melchior, Austrian international footballer (died 1978)
 August 31 – Walter Atkinson, English professional footballer (died 2009)
 November 7 – Ignacio Eizaguirre, Spanish international footballer (died 2013)

Deaths

Clubs founded 
 Cagliari Calcio
 Empoli FC

References 

 
Association football by year
1919 in association football

The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1919 throughout the world.

Events
Due to the First World War several European leagues remain suspended.

Football League First Division expanded from 20 to 22 teams - Chelsea are saved from relegation while Arsenal are promoted despite finishing only fifth in the Second Division.
15 January: Espérance Sportive de Tunis is founded in the capital Tunis, Tunisia. It's the first club formed in Tunisia.
October: Leeds City expelled from the English Football League.
17 October: Leeds United are founded.

Winners club national championship
Argentina: Boca Juniors, Racing Club
Austria: Rapid Vienna
Belgium: no national championship
Denmark: Akademisk Boldklub
England: no national championship
France: no national championship
Germany: no national championship
Hungary: MTK Hungária FC
Iceland: KR
Italy: no national championship
Luxembourg: Sporting Club Luxembourg
Netherlands: Ajax Amsterdam
Paraguay: Cerro Porteño
Scotland: 
Division One: Celtic F.C.
Scottish Cup: No competition
Sweden: GAIS
Uruguay: Nacional
Greece: 1913 to 1921 - no championship titles due to the First World War and the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922.

International tournaments
1919 Far Eastern Championship Games in China (May 12–15, 1919)
 China

 South American Championship 1919 in Brazil (May 11, 1919 – May 29, 1919)

Births
 January 1 – Zyber Lisi, Albanian footballer
 January 18 – Toni Turek, German footballer (died 1984)
 January 23 – Bob Paisley, English footballer and manager (died 1996)
 February 12 – Ferruccio Valcareggi, Italian footballer and manager (died 2005)
 June 5 – Stan Armitage, English footballer (died 1997)
 July 10 – Chale Silva, Colombian professional footballer (d. 2009)
 July 13 – Jack Wheeler, American professional footballer (died 2009)
 July 19 – Nordine Ben Ali, Algerian-French former association football player and manager (died 1996)
 December 5 – Hennes Weisweiler, German footballer and manager (died 1983)
 December 25 – Fikret Kırcan, Turkish footballer (died 2014)

Deaths

Clubs founded 
 Leeds United F.C.
 U.S. Salernitana 1919
 Piacenza Calcio 1919
 Valencia CF
 Real Murcia
 Elo Kuopio

References 

 
Association football by year
Bundesautobahn 28

is an autobahn in northwestern Germany, connecting the cities of Leer and Oldenburg with via Bremen. Originally ending near the city of Delmenhorst, an extension connecting the A 28 to the A 1 has been finished in 2009.

Exit list 

 

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External links 

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Saison

Saison (French, "season," ) is a pale ale that is highly carbonated, fruity, spicy, and often bottle conditioned.   It was historically brewed with low alcohol levels, but modern productions of the style have moderate to high levels of alcohol.  Along with several other varieties, it is generally classified as a farmhouse ale.

History 
'Bière de saison' is first mentioned in the early 19th century. It was most widely known as a beer from the industrial city of Liège, where it was brewed by professional breweries as a keepable version of the city's spelt beer that had been produced for a few centuries. It was made with malted spelt, unmalted wheat and only a small amount of barley malt. It was typically brewed in winter and drunk after four to six months.

While Liège's saison disappeared after the First World War, it continued to be brewed, generally as a barley-only beer, by professional breweries in the province of Hainaut, who sold it as a 'cuvée réservée' luxury beer, which was 'to be served at room temperature like a good wine' and 'to be poured with care'.

In the late 1980s, American importer Don Feinberg was urged by beer writer Michael Jackson to import Brasserie Dupont's saison to the United States. It was Feinberg who re-styled saison as a 'farmhouse ale': 'People asked: is it a wheat beer? Is it a lambic? I told them it was a hoppy farmhouse ale.' 

Saison's reputation was further cemented by Phil Markowski's 2004 book Farmhouse ales and has since become a popular beer style worldwide. It was however only these developments in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s that cemented saison's reputation as a 'farmhouse ale': in older sources it is never indicated as such and though there has been a limited tradition in Belgium of brewing on farms or brewing for farm workers, it seems to have been conflated with saison only from the 1980s onwards.

Modern saisons are not exclusively brewed seasonally anymore. Generally they are highly carbonated, fruity and spicy — sometimes from the addition of spices.

Composition 
The type of malt determines the color of the saison, and although most saisons are of a cloudy golden color as result of the grist being mostly pale or pilsner malt, the use of darker malts results in some saisons being reddish-amber. Some recipes also use wheat.

Spices such as orange zest, coriander, and ginger may be used. Some spice character may come through due to the production of phenols during fermentation at warm temperatures.

Modern examples brewed in the US tend to copy the yeast used by the Dupont Brewery, which ferments better at warmer temperatures like  than the standard  fermenting temperature used by other Belgian ales.

References 

Bibliography
 All About Beer Magazine, Volume 24 Number 4, September 2003
 The Beers of Wallonia, John Woods and Keith Rigley, Stourside Press (1996),

External links 

 A seasonal search for the phantom of brewing, Michael Jackson, BeerHunter.com

Beer styles
Beer in Belgium
Ferrocarriles Unidos de Yucatán

Ferrocarriles Unidos de Yucatán (UdeY) was a  narrow gauge railroad that operated in the states of Yucatán and Campeche in Mexico from 1902 to 1975.

History
The Ferrocarriles Unidos de Yucatán (United Railways of Yucatan) was founded on November 1, 1902, by the merger of three railroads; F. C. Merida a Valladolid, F. C. Merida a Calkini, and F. C. Merida a Peto, operating in the Yucatán Peninsula.

The last two 4-4-0 steam locomotives (Nos. 80 and 81) built by Baldwin Locomotive Works were made for this railroad in 1946. Locals nicknamed its locomotives as toros de fuego (bulls of fire).

Other than a standard gauge line between Yucatán's capital city of Mérida and the port of Progreso,  all lines in the Peninsula were narrow gauge. 
In 1950, rail lines were finally connected from the rest of Mexico, which used . After the rail unification, the FUdeY line between Merida and Campeche and thence the rest of Mexico was converted to standard. In 1975, the company was merged into Ferrocarriles Unidos del Sureste.

Five of the railroad's steam locomotives were bought by Roger Broggie on behalf of The Walt Disney Company in 1969. Four of them built by Baldwin Locomotive Works between 1916 and 1928, were completely rebuilt and significantly altered to resemble locomotives built in the 1880s. Additionally, their fireboxes were modified to burn ultra-low-sulfur No. 2 diesel oil as opposed to bunker oil and wood. They are currently operating on the Walt Disney World Railroad (WDWRR) circling Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom park in Bay Lake, Florida. The remaining locomotive built in 1902 by Pittsburgh Locomotive and Car Works, was not restored due to its poor condition and was sold to an unknown locomotive broker. Some of its parts were salvaged to repair the four Baldwin locomotives.

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Museo de los Ferrocarriles de Yucatán (Yucatán Railway Museum, in English and Spanish)

3 ft gauge railways in Mexico
Unidos de Yucatán
Electrocaloric effect

The electrocaloric effect is a phenomenon in which a material shows a reversible temperature change under an applied electric field. It is often considered to be the physical inverse of the pyroelectric effect.  It should not be confused with the Thermoelectric effect (specifically, the Peltier effect), in which a temperature difference occurs when a current is driven through an electric junction with two dissimilar conductors.

The underlying mechanism of the effect is not fully established; in particular, different textbooks give conflicting explanations. However, as with any isolated (adiabatic) temperature change, the effect comes from the voltage raising or lowering the entropy of the system. (The magnetocaloric effect is an analogous, but better-known and understood, phenomenon.)

Electrocaloric materials were the focus of significant scientific interest in the 1960s and 1970s, but were not commercially exploited as the electrocaloric effects were insufficient for practical applications, the highest response being 2.5 degrees Celsius under an applied potential of 750 volts.

In March 2006 it was reported in the journal Science that thin films of the material PZT (a mixture of lead, titanium, oxygen and zirconium) showed the strongest electrocalorific response yet reported, with the materials cooling down by as much as ~12 K (12 °C) for an electric field change of 480 kV/cm, at an ambient temperature of 220 °C (430 °F). The device structure consisted of a thin film (PZT) on top of a much thicker substrate, but the figure of 12 K represents the cooling of the thin film only. The net cooling of such a device would be lower than 12 K due to the heat capacity of the substrate to which it is attached.

Along the same lines, in 2008, it was shown that a ferroelectric polymer can also achieve 12 K of cooling, nearer to room temperature (yet above 70 °C) than PZT.

With these new, larger responses, practical applications may be more likely, such as in computer cooling or batteries. In the long-term the electrocaloric effect might moreover be used in high-efficiency heat pumps.

References

Further reading
  

Cooling technology
Heat pumps
Electric and magnetic fields in matter
Interoceanic Railway of Mexico

The Interoceanic Railway of Mexico (Ferrocarril Interoceánico de México) was one of the primary pre-nationalization railways of Mexico. Incorporated in Great Britain in 1888 to complete an unfinished project and compete with the Mexican Railway, it completed a  narrow gauge main line from Mexico City to Veracruz in 1891. Branches included Mexico City to Puente de Ixtla (the constructed part of an incomplete line to Acapulco), Puebla to Cuautla, Atencingo to Tlancualpicán, and a cutoff between Oriental and Santa Clara (bypassing Puebla). Through subsidiary Mexican Eastern Railroad, the Interoceanic acquired a branch from San Marcos to Teziutlán in 1902, and in January 1910 it began operating the Mexican Southern Railway from Puebla to Oaxaca under lease. The Mexican government acquired control of the Interoceanic in 1903, and subsequently sold it to the National Railroad of Mexico in exchange for ownership of that company.

Although the National Railroad became part of Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México (National Railways of Mexico) in January 1909, the Interoceanic and its two subsidiaries remained separate companies. Following privatization in the 1990s, Transportación Ferroviaria Mexicana (now Kansas City Southern de México) acquired most of the main line of the former Interoceanic, while several branches, including the old line to Puebla and the Mexican Southern, were assigned to Ferromex. A portion of the former Interoceanic and a station have been preserved as a heritage railway and museum in Cuautla.

See also 
 Ferrocarril Transístmico
 Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec

References

External links
—Rinconestudiantil.com: Photos of the heritage railway in Cuautla
—Rypn.org: An account of travel on and photos of the FC Interoceanico and the Heritage Railway

Heritage railways in Mexico
Defunct railway companies of Mexico
3 ft gauge railways in Mexico
Museums in Morelos
Railway museums in Mexico
Railway companies established in 1888
Railway lines opened in 1891
Railway companies disestablished in 1903
Porfiriato
Transport companies disestablished in 1903
Magenta Devine

Magenta Devine (born Kim Taylor; 4 November 1957 – 6 March 2019) was a British television presenter, journalist and music promoter best known for presenting the travel programme Rough Guide and youth programme Reportage on BBC2 in the 1990s. She later presented Young, Gifted and Broke for ITV.

Career
Devine originally worked for Tony Brainsby, a publicist for Queen, Thin Lizzy and Whitesnake. While still living with boyfriend (ex-Generation X bassist) Tony James, she became the music promoter for James's new band Sigue Sigue Sputnik. She began her television career in 1986 as a presenter of BBC Wales's pop music show Juice. Following her breakup with James, producer Janet Street-Porter booked Devine to be a presenter on Channel 4's youth programme Network 7. She then moved after Street-Porter to BBC2 to present DEF II, of which Rough Guide was a feature before it became a separate programme.

Devine appeared on Richard & Judy in 2004, and on Extreme Celebrity Detox in 2005. Her voice-over work included advertisements for Peugeot, Motorola, Toyota, and Sea France. In 2006, Devine fronted an Office of Fair Trading (OFT) campaign that urged consumers in the travel market to book with a member of Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA). In 2001, she narrated a BBC Four programme, The New Romantics – A Fine Romance, on the New Romantic movement.

Apart from being a television presenter, she also was UN Goodwill Ambassador in 1998, and campaigned for women's rights.

Later life and death
Devine sought treatment in the 1990s for heroin addiction and depression. In 2003, she was declared bankrupt by London's High Court.

Devine died on 6 March 2019, after a short illness for which she was undergoing treatment at a central London hospital.  She was 61 years old.

Television programmes
BBC Wales's pop music show Juice, presenter
Channel 4's youth programme Network 7 (1987)
BBC2's DEF II
BBC2's Rough Guides to the World
BBC2's Reportage (1988—94)
Young, Gifted and Broke ITV documentary series
This Morning with Richard & Judy (1996) interviewee
Extreme Celebrity Detox (2005)

BBC Four programme The New Romantics – A Fine Romance (2001) on the New Romantic movement as narrator
Big Mouth (2005), an aftershow of Big Brother, as guest panellist

References

External links

Magenta Devine – a life in pictures at The Guardian

1957 births
2019 deaths
British television personalities
Channel 4 presenters
English television presenters
English travel writers
British women travel writers
English voice actresses
Music promoters
People from Hemel Hempstead
Women music promoters
1918 in association football

The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1918 throughout the world.

Events
Due to the First World War several European leagues remain suspended.

Winners club national championship
Argentina: Racing Club
Austria: Floridsdorfer AC
Belgium: no national championship
Denmark: KB
England: no national championship
France: no national championship
Germany: no national championship
Hungary: MTK Hungária FC
Iceland: Fram
Italy: no national championship
Luxembourg: CS Fola Esch
Netherlands: Ajax Amsterdam
Paraguay: Cerro Porteño
Scotland:
Division One: Rangers F.C.
Scottish Cup: No competition
Sweden: IFK Göteborg
Uruguay: Peñarol
Greece: 1913 to 1921 - no championship titles due to the First World War and the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922.

Births 
 May 18 – Franjo Wölfl, Croatian and Yugoslavian international footballer (died 1987)
 October 24 – Rafael Iriondo, Spanish international footballer and manager (died 2016)
 December 16 – Pierita (Andrés Domínguez Candal), Spanish footballer (died 1978)

Deaths

References 

 
Association football by year
Ian Dean

Ian Dean (3 July 1970 – 13 August 2018) was an English professional wrestler, best known as Doc Dean. He worked for All Star Wrestling, often teaming with Robbie Brookside as The Liverpool Lads. In 1997, he participated on New Japan Pro-Wrestling's Best of the Super Juniors tournament, defeating Jushin Thunder Liger. He also worked televised matches for World Championship Wrestling in the late 1990s.

Professional wrestling career
Dean made his debut at the age of 14 in 1984 for All Star Wrestling (ASW). He worked for the promotion throughout the 1980s and 1990s. He teamed with Robbie Brookside to form The Liverpool Lads, a successful tag team in Britain. Together, they held the ASW British Tag Team Championship twice. They team disbanded after Dean turned on partner Brookside, setting up a feud between the two. They were the subject of a BBC2 video diary that captured matches, backstage footage, and details about life on the road. On occasions, Dean teamed up with the third member of The Liverpool Lads, Frankie Sloan. The three toured Africa, Asia, and Europe. As a singles wrestler, Dean also held the ASW British Welterweight Championship twice.

In 1997, Dean attended the Best of the Super Juniors tournament for New Japan Pro-Wrestling, during which he defeated Jushin Thunder Liger and Chavo Guerrero Jr. He met Chris Jericho in Japan, who later recounted their time together in his autobiography A Lion's Tale: Around the World in Spandex. Later that year, he signed a contract with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and appeared on WCW Saturday Night and WCW Main Event as enhancement talent. Dean worked for WCW until July 1998, when he decided to retire from wrestling due to injuries.

Personal life
Dean set up his own plumbing business in Florida shortly after retiring. He later had to quit his job due to neck and back injuries.

He had three children. His had his son Adam with female wrestler Klondyke Kate.

On 13 August 2018, Dean died from a heart attack at his home in Orlando, Florida; he was 48 years old. After his death, Klondyke Kate opened a fundraising page to raise money to send Dean's body across the Atlantic to be buried in his hometown of Liverpool.

Championships and accomplishments
All Star Wrestling
ASW British Tag Team Championship (2 times) - with Robbie Brookside
ASW British Welterweight Championship (2 times)

European Wrestling Union
EWU European Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Robbie Brookside

Other Championships
British Commonwealth Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

References

1970 births
2018 deaths
English male professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Liverpool
English emigrants to the United States
British Commonwealth Junior Heavyweight Champions
Bundesautobahn 29

is an autobahn in northwestern Germany. It connects the city of Wilhelmshaven to Oldenburg and the A 1, running very roughly from north to south.

Traffic currently is light, but an increase in freight traffic is to be expected when the JadeWeserPort in Wilhelmshaven becomes operational.

Exit list 

 

 
 

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External links 

 History of the Ahlhorn Highway Airstrip

29
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1917 in association football

The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1917 throughout the world.

Events
Due to the First World War several leagues remain suspended throughout Europe.

Full date unknown:
 C.D. Palhavã, a Portuguese football club from, Palhavã is founded.

Winners club national championship
Argentina: Racing Club
Austria: Rapid Vienna
Belgium: no national championship
Denmark: KB
England: no national championship
France: no national championship
Germany: no national championship
Hungary: MTK Hungária FC
Iceland: Fram
Italy: no national championship
Luxembourg: US Hollerich
Netherlands: Go Ahead
Paraguay: Club Libertad
Scotland:
Division One: Celtic F.C.
Scottish Cup: No competition
Sweden: Djurgårdens IF
Uruguay: Nacional
Greece: 1913 to 1921 - no championship titles due to the First World War and the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922.

International tournaments
1917 Far Eastern Championship Games (May 9–11, 1917)
 China

 South American Championship 1917 in Uruguay (September 30, 1917 – October 14, 1917)

Births
 September 20 – Obdulio Varela, Uruguayan international footballer (died 1996)
 October 12 – Roque Máspoli, Uruguayan international footballer (died 2004)
 December 12 – Fred Stansfield, Welsh international footballer (died 2014)

Deaths 
 August 10 - Jimmy Speirs, Scottish footballer and scorer of 1911 FA Cup Final winning goal

References 

 
Association football by year
The Narrow

The Narrow is an alternative rock band from Pretoria, South Africa.

Biography
The band was formed in 2002 by guitarists Emile and Sid, bassist Jow Feldtmann and drummer Nelius de Lange. Shortly thereafter Emile brought in his former Not My Dog bandmate Hanu de Jong as the band's vocalist, completing the line up.

In early 2003 the band released their debut album Self Conscious to wide critical acclaim and a South African Music Awards (SAMA) nomination. In June that same year founding guitarist Sid left the band and was replaced by Deon Kruger.

In 2004 the band released their follow-up album Travellers. The album earned the band their second SAMA nomination and the single "Lonely-Lonely" helped launch the band to greater recognition and popularity.

In 2005 the band remastered and re-released both their albums, with added tracks of old and new unreleased material.

After a slew of international stints the band underwent a brief hiatus in 2007 but became active again in 2008.

In 2010 they released their 3rd full-length album You Don't Get to Quit, earning them their third SAMA nomination. In 2012 the band released Understated, featuring acoustic versions of previously released material.

The band are known for their intense and energetic live shows, becoming important fixtures and regular headliners of various major South African rock festivals such as Oppikoppi, Ramfest, Woodstock and Seasons Wither. The band has opened up for various international acts, including The Used, Violent Femmes, In Flames, Underoath and Deftones.

Band members
 Hanu de Jong - Vocals
 Emile de Jong - Guitar
 Deon Kruger - Guitar
 Jow Feldtmann - Bass
 Nelius De Lange - Drums

Touring
 Schalk Boshoff - Drums
 Ryan Greenwood - Drums

Discography
Full Length
 2003 Self Conscious
 2004 Travellers
 2005 Self Conscious (special edition)
 2005 Travellers (special edition)
 2010 You Don't Get to Quit
 2017 Dream of Perelandra

EPs
 2004 Split
 2006 Sharing The Turbulence
 2015 Crocodiles

Compilations
 2010 Definitively Recycled
 2012 Understated (acoustic album)

References

External links
 The Narrow site
 MySpace
 Facebook

South African heavy metal musical groups
Megingjörð

In Norse mythology, the megingjörð ( , meaning "power-belt") is a belt worn by the god Thor. The Old Norse name megin means power or strength, and gjörð means belt.

According to the Prose Edda, the belt is one of Thor's three main possessions, along with the hammer Mjölnir and the iron gloves Járngreipr. When worn, the belt is described as doubling Thor's already prodigious strength.

In verse 7 of the skaldic poem Þórsdrápa (Thorsdrapa, Lay of Thor) written by the 10th-century poet Eilífr Goðrúnarson, in the service of Jarl Hákon Sigurðarson, refers to Thor's power-belt.

Harðvaxnar sér herðir
halllands of sik falla
(gatat maðr) njótr (hin neytri)
njarð- (ráð fyrir sér) gjarðar.
Þverrir lætr nema þyrri
Þorns barna sér Mǫrnar
snerriblóð til svíra
salþaks megin vaxa.

The line "njótr njarðgjarðar" literally means "he who benefits from the mighty belt", referring to Thor's magical belt/girdle of strength/power, Megingjörð. 

In Gylfaginning, which is the first part of Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda, after Prologue, verse 45 refers to Thor's power-belt.

En er kom at dagan, þá gekk Þórr út ok sér mann, hvar lá skammt frá honum í skóginum, ok var sá eigi lítill. Hann svaf ok hraut sterkliga. Þá þóttist Þórr skilja, hvat látum verit hafði of nóttina. Hann spennir sik megingjörðum, ok óx honum ásmegin. Ok í því bili vaknar sá maðr ok stóð skjótt upp, en þá er sagt, at Þór varð bilt einu sinni at slá hann með hamrinum ok spurði hann at nafni.

The line "Hann spennir sik megingjörðum, ok óx honum ásmegin" means "He girded himself with his belt of strength, and his divine strength grew" ("He" being Thor).

Notes

References

 Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. 

Artifacts in Norse mythology
Thor
Belts (clothing)
1916 in association football

The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1916 throughout the world.

Events
Numerous national championships in Europe are suspended for the duration of the First World War, with a notable exception of the Netherlands, which continues throughout the hostilities.
25 April: Football Association of Thailand founded.
Thailand: Army United F.C. is founded.

Winners club national championship
Argentina: Racing Club
Austria: Rapid Vienna
Belgium: no national championship
Denmark: KB
England: no national championship
France: no national championship
Germany: no national championship
Hungary: no national championship
Iceland: Fram
Italy: no national championship
Luxembourg: US Hollerich
Netherlands: Willem II
Paraguay: Olimpia
Scotland:
Division One – Celtic
Scottish Cup – No competition
Sweden: AIK
Uruguay: Nacional
Greece: 1913 to 1921 - no championship titles due to the First World War and the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922.

International tournaments
 South American Championship 1916 in Argentina (July 2, 1916 – July 17, 1916)

Births

Deaths

Clubs founded 
 Army United F.C.
 RCD Mallorca

References 

 
Association football by year
Kris Fillat

Kris Fillat (Buchanan) (born November 7, 1970, in San Diego, California) is a former field hockey player from the United States, who made her international senior debut for the Women's National Team in 1990. She was a member of the team that finished fifth at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia.  She won a bronze medal at the 1995 Pan American Games.

Life
She was a student at the University of Iowa, where she played for the Hawkeyes, as a forward.

She is the founder of the brand GoodOnYa which  includes GoodOnYa deli, GoodOnYa bar and GoodOnYa hydrate.

International senior tournaments
 1990 – World Cup, Sydney, Australia (12th)
 1991 – Pan American Games, Havana, Cuba (3rd)
 1994 – World Cup, Dublin, Ireland (3rd)
 1995 – Pan American Games, Mar del Plata, Argentina (2nd)
 1995 – Champions Trophy, Mar del Plata, Argentina (3rd)
 1996 – Summer Olympics, Atlanta, United States (5th)
 1998 – World Cup, Utrecht, The Netherlands (8th)
 1999 – Pan American Games, Winnipeg, Canada (2nd)
 2000 – Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Milton Keynes, England (6th)

References

External links
 
 Profile on U.S. Field Hockey

1970 births
Living people
American female field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for the United States
Sportspeople from San Diego
Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Iowa Hawkeyes field hockey players
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in field hockey
Field hockey players at the 1991 Pan American Games
Field hockey players at the 1995 Pan American Games
Field hockey players at the 1999 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1991 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1995 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games
Megat Yunus

Dato' Megat Yunus bin Megat Mohd Isa was a Malaysian politician.

He was born in 1907. His parents were Megat Mohd Isa Bin Megat Ismail and Wan Rasiah Binti Temenggong Wan Hussain of Kota Lama Kanan, Kuala Kangsar, Perak.

He was conferred the title Orang Kaya Besar Maharaja Diraja of Perak - one of the Four Major Chiefs (Orang Besar Empat) of Perak. He was one of the signatories to the Perak State Constitution of 1948. He was also one of the founding members of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) - Perak Branch, together with the late Dato' Seri Dr Megat Khas and the late Dato' Panglima Bukit Gantang Abdul Wahab.

He died in 1964 and was buried in the compound of the Kota Lama Kanan Mosque, Kuala Kangsar. One of his sons, Dato' Seri Megat Jaafar Bin Megat Yunus, inherited the Orang Kaya Besar title in 1985.

1907 births
1964 deaths
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian Muslims
United Malays National Organisation politicians
Frank Schätzing

Frank Schätzing (; born 28 May 1957) is a German writer, mostly known for his best-selling science fiction novel The Swarm (2004).

Life 
Schätzing was born in Cologne and studied communication studies; he later ran his own company, an advertising agency named INTEVI, in Cologne. Schätzing became a writer in 1990, and penned several novellas and satires. His first published novel was the historical Tod und Teufel (Death and the Devil) in 1995, and in 2000 his thriller Lautlos.

Schätzing achieved his greatest success in 2004 with the science fiction thriller The Swarm.

Works

Novels 

 Death and the Devil (original title: Tod und Teufel, 1995, ) (audiobook: 1999/2003, )
 Mordshunger, 1996,  (audiobook: 2006, )
 Die dunkle Seite (1997), 
 Lautlos (2000),  (audiobook: 2000, )
 The Swarm (original title: Der Schwarm, 2004, ) (audiobook: 2004, )
 Limit (2009),  (audiobook: 2009, )
 Breaking News (2014) 
 Die Tyrannei des Schmetterlings (2018)  (audiobook: 2018, )

Short stories 

Collections:
 Keine Angst (1999),  (audiobook: 2001, ), collection of 13 short stories:
 "Wollust", "Der Puppenspieler", "Keine Angst", "Ein Zeichen der Liebe", "Schulfreundinnen", "Der Teppich", "Dampf", "Bistecca Mafia", "Kricks Bilder", "Stühle, hochgestellt nach Mitternacht", "Ertappt!", "Vrrooomm!", "Moritat"

Non-fiction 

 Nachrichten aus einem unbekannten Universum (2006),  (audiobook: 2006, ), science
 Was, wenn wir einfach die Welt retten?: Handeln in der Klimakrise (2021),  (audiobook: 2021, ), science

As editor 

 Die tollkühnen Abenteuer der Ducks auf hoher See (2006), author Carl Barks,

Prizes 
 2005 Goldene Feder (Der Schwarm)
 2005 Deutscher Science Fiction Preis (Der Schwarm)
 2005 Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis (Der Schwarm)
 2004 "Corine" (in the category belletristic literature)

Adaptations 

 Die dunkle Seite (2008), TV movie directed by Peter Keglevic, based on novel Die dunkle Seite
 Mordshunger (2008), TV movie directed by Robert Adrian Pejo, based on novel Mordshunger
 The Swarm (2023), series directed by Barbara Eder, Luke Watson and Philipp Stölzl, based on novel The Swarm

External links 
 
 Biography 
 
 
 Reviews of Nachrichten aus einem unbekannten Universum, Der Schwarm, Lautlos, Die dunkle Seite, Tod und Teufel 
 Review of Der Schwarm audiobook 
 Biography at Buchtips.net 
 Uma Thurman buys rights to 'The Swarm'
 
 Frank Schätzing in NRW Literatur im Netz 

1957 births
Living people
Writers from Cologne
German crime fiction writers
German science fiction writers
Bancarella Prize winners
German male novelists
Tracey Larson

Tracey Larson (born May 1, 1978 in Lower Bucks, Pennsylvania) is a field hockey player from the United States, who made her international senior debut for the Women's National Team in 1999. Playing as a midfielder, the former student of the Penn State University was a member of the team, that won the silver medal at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

International senior tournaments
 2000 – Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Milton Keynes, England (6th)
 2001 – Americas Cup, Kingston, Jamaica (2nd)
 2002 – Champions Challenge, Johannesburg, South Africa (5th)
 2002 – 10th World Cup, Perth, Australia (9th)
 2003 – Champions Challenge, Catania, Italy (5th)
 2003 – Pan American Games, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (2nd)
 2004 – Pan American Cup, Bridgetown, Barbados (2nd)
 2004 – Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Auckland, New Zealand (6th)

External links
 Profile on US Field Hockey

1978 births
Living people
American female field hockey players
Pennsylvania State University alumni
Sportspeople from Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Female field hockey midfielders
Field hockey players at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in field hockey
21st-century American women
Flags of the lieutenant governors of Canada

As the viceregal representative of the monarch of Canada, the lieutenant governors of the Canadian provinces have since Confederation been entitled to and have used a personal standard. Within a lieutenant governor's province, this standard has precedence over any other flag, including the national one, though it comes secondary to the Sovereign's Flag for Canada. The provincial viceregal flags are also subordinate to the governor general's personal standard, save for when the governor general is present as a guest of the lieutenant governor.

In 1980, a new design was introduced and is used by each province's lieutenant governor, except for Quebec and Nova Scotia. Common frame of each flag consists of the escutcheon of the arms of the province circled with ten gold maple leaves (representing the ten provinces) surmounted by a St. Edward's Crown on a field of blue. Though approved in 1980, most provinces adopted this new common design in 1981, with Newfoundland being the last in 1987. The personal standard is flown at the office or home of the lieutenant governor and from flagpoles of buildings where official duties are carried out to indicate presence of the lieutenant governor. It is also attached to the front fender of the car or on the provincial landau that the lieutenant governor is riding in. The standard is never flown on a church or inside a church, nor is it ever lowered to half-mast. Should a lieutenant governor die while in office, the standard is taken down until a successor is sworn in.

Current

Historical

For the other provinces many of them used a defaced Union Jack with the vice-regal arms in the centre.

See also

Flag of the governor general of Canada
List of Canadian flags
Royal standards of Canada

References

 Lieutenant Governors' Flags – Canadian Heritage website

Lieutenant Governors
Canada
Morning dew

Morning dew may refer to:

 Dew

Music
 "Morning Dew", a song written by Bonnie Dobson
 "Morning Dew", a song from the album Day and Night by Schiller
 "Achim Isul", a 1970s Korean protest song in the Norae Undong style by Kim Min-ki, eventually banned in Korea
 "Morning Dew", a Bad Lip Reading parody of Jay-Z, Bruno Mars, and Lady Gaga, found on YouTube
 Morning Dew (shipwreck), a pleasurecraft which sank, in 1997; see
Megat Jaafar

Megat Jaafar bin Megat Yunus was appointed by the Sultan of Perak in 1985 to the title Orang Kaya Besar Maharaja Diraja - one of the Four Major Chiefs (Orang Besar Empat) of Perak. Prior to that he was in the Malayan Civil Service (MCS). His father, Dato' Megat Yunus Bin Megat Mohd Isa was also a bearer of the same title - Orang Kaya Besar Maharaja Diraja of Perak.

He died in 2003. One of his sons, Maj (R) Megat Mustapha Kamal Bin Megat Jaafar was one of the founding committee members of Persatuan Keturunan Megat Terawis Malaysia.

People from Perak
2003 deaths
Year of birth missing
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian Muslims
Malayan Civil Service officers
Japanese ivy

Japanese ivy may refer to:
 Hedera rhombea, see ivy
 Parthenocissus tricuspidata, also known as Japanese creeper, Boston ivy, Grape ivy, Japanese ivy, a flowering plant in the grape family (Vitaceae) native to eastern Asia in Japan, Korea, and northern and eastern China
Dag Vag

Dag Vag is a Swedish band formed in 1978. The lead singer was Per Odeltorp (1948–2012), popularly known as Stig Vig. Their early punk sound became, after a while, increasingly more reggae-like. The band referred to it as "transcontinental rock-reggae". Their popularity peaked in the 1980s, but they are still active.

Dag Vag sometimes toured with Swedish punk band Ebba Grön and made a cameo in their documentary film Ebba the Movie.

Members

Current line up
 Tage Dirty - drums (1978–present)
 Zilverzurfarn - guitar, vocals (1978-2007, 2010–present)
 Teka Pukk - guitar (2008–present)

Former members
 Stig Vig - bass, vocals (1978-2012)
 Bumpaberra - keyboards  (1978, 1981-1983, 1988-1990, 1999-2001)
 Beno Zeno - guitar (1979-1981, 1988-1992, 1999-2001, 2004-2010)
 Per Cussion - percussion, keyboards (1981-1983)
 Kopp Te - saxophones, flute (1981-1983, 1989-1992, 1999)
 Olsson - guitar (1978-1979)

Discography

Studio albums
1979 - Dag Vag
1979 - Scenbuddism (Live)
1980 - Palsternacka
1982 - 7 lyckliga elefanter
1983 - Almanacka
1989 - Helq
1992 - Halleluja!
2006 - Kackerlacka
2007 - Klassiker
2012 - Nattmacka

Singles
1978 - Dimma (under the name Dag Vag & Svagsinta)
1978 - Flyger
1980 - Hellre en raket
1981 - Blöt dröm
1981 - Popitop
1983 - Samma sång
1989 - Du får aldrig nog
1989 - Tiden går
1990 - En gång till!
1991 - Nya skor
1992 - Hämta mej
1992 - Fyrverkeri
2006 - En del av dej

EP
2011 - epette

References

External links
www.dagvag.se - Official web page

Swedish musical groups
Reggae rock groups
Musical groups established in 1978
Ferrocarril Sonora–Baja California

The  Ferrocarril Sonora–Baja California is a former railroad line of Mexico that built the line from Mexicali, Baja California, to Benjamín Hill, Sonora in 1948. It interchanged with the Southern Pacific Railroad at Calexico, California, and with the Ferrocarril del Pacifico in Benjamin Hill, Sonora. Before 1960, The SP-controlled Inter-California railroad provided trackage rights for the SBC from Pascualitos to the International Border. SBC took control of that part after the demise of the Inter-Cal.

SBC provided passenger and freight service throughout its existence. It was headquartered in Mexicali, B.C. and had major repair and overhaul shops for its equipment in the town of Benjamin Hill, Sonora. From 1970 into the FNM merger, the SBC also controlled the 44-mile freight-only "Ferrocarril Tijuana y Tecate" UB line from border to border. SP, Kyle Railways and later the San Diego and Imperial Valley Railroad operated the line, paying a fee to the SBC, and later to FNM.

It was absorbed into Nacionales de México in 1987, thus becoming a fallen-flag. The last passenger train from Mexicali to Benjamin Hill operated in 1997. Today the line continues to provide daily modern freight service, including intermodal. It is now known as Ferromex's Puerto Penasco Subdivision and designated by the SCT as the "U" and "UA" lines of the Mexican rail system.

S-BC F Unit Roster

See also
List of Mexican railroads
Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Mexico
Ferromex

References

External links
 Mexlist

Sonora-Baja California
Sonora-Baja California
History of Baja California
History of Sonora
Transportation in Baja California
Transportation in Sonora
Railway companies established in 1948
1987 disestablishments in Mexico
Railway lines opened in 1948
Railway companies disestablished in 1987
Mexican companies established in 1948
Broomehill, Western Australia

Broomehill is a town on the Great Southern Highway between Katanning and Albany, in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. Its local government area is the Shire of Broomehill-Tambellup.

History 

The town of Broomehill owes its creation to the Great Southern Railway, which was completed in 1889. The railway runs from Beverley to Albany. Broomehill is named after Sir Frederick Napier Broome (1842–1896) who was then the Governor of Western Australia.

Gold bearing quartz was discovered by the station master around Broomehill in 1889.

In the same year Patrick Garrity purchased two lots facing Jasper Street and built a galvanised iron hotel. By 1905 the hotel had been rebuilt in brick with more extensions added in 1908. Known as the Broomehill Hotel and later as the Imperial Hotel, the two storey tuck pointed building is now heritage listed.

The townsite was gazetted by the Western Australian Land Company in 1890, which was recognised by the state government in 1897. A group of settlers from the now extinct town of Eticup moved to the present site of Broomehill to help establish a township after the construction of the railway was completed. These settlers included the Withams, the Walshes, and the Curnows. These three families worked hard to establish the early structures. A Victorian named Hamilton acquired  of land around the townsite in 1890; T. W. Powell also acquired  near the town from the Western Australian Land Company.

A branch of the Commercial Bank of Australia was opened in the town-site in 1891.

In 1892, a police station and post office were also established.
The Imperial Hotel was operating in the town by late 1892.

The Broomehill Agricultural Hall was opened by T. Norris, a settler of the area, in 1898.
The population of the town was 72 (37 males and 35 females) in 1898.

A local Progress association was formed in 1905 with C.J. Darcy taking the position of chairman.

Broomehill Football Club had been established in or before 1907, playing games against surrounding towns such as Katanning.

A cooperative was discussed in 1920 with insufficient capital being raised, in 1921 the cooperative commenced operations after having taken over the premises of Messrs E. Garrity and Company.
The official spelling of Broomehill was changed from two words to one in 1959.

Economy
The main industry in town is wheat farming with the town being a Cooperative Bulk Handling receival site. There is also some sheep farming, while more recently farmers have diversified into viticulture and aquaculture (in the form of barramundi farming).

Features
The Holland Track, a well known walking and 4WD track, begins in Broomehill and ends in Coolgardie. The  track was established in 1893 by the pioneer John Holland through the bush via Newdegate to the goldfields at Coolgardie.

References

External links 

Towns in Western Australia
Shire of Broomehill-Tambellup
Grain receival points of Western Australia