alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Said-Khasanom Abumuslimov

Said-Khasan Abumuslimov (also spelled Sait-Khassan Abumuslimov and Said-Hassan Abumuslimov) is a historian, writer and publicist. In the years 1996–1997 he was acting vice president of the breakaway Chechen Republic of Ichkeria under acting president Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev.

Biography 
He was born on February 1, 1953, in the Kazakh SSR.

In 1974, Abumuslimov and Khozh-Ahmed Noukhaev co-founded the Chechen separatist group Obshina.

He studied History and German Language at the Lomonosov University in Moscow, finishing in 1981. In 1990, he received his PhD.

Between 1990 and 1994, Sait-Khassan Abumuslimov lectured history at the State University in Grozny. He also took part in the drafting of the Chechen Constitution.

Later, he served in a number of government positions under Chechen separatist president Dzhokhar Dudayev and under Dudayev's successor Yandarbiyev.

In 1996-97 he was the vice-president to Zelimkhan Yandarbiev.

Since 1999, Abumuslimov has lived outside Chechnya and has been conducting academic research on different topics. He is member of the Academic Forum for International Security and of the German-Caucasian Society.

References 

Vice presidents of Chechnya
1953 births
Chechen historians
Chechen politicians
Chechen writers
Living people
People of the Chechen wars
Politicians of Ichkeria
HNoMS Viking (1891)

HNoMS Viking was a 1. class gunboat built for the Royal Norwegian Navy. Like the other Norwegian gunboats of her era, she carried a heavy armament on a diminutive hull. The vessel was built at the Naval Yard at Horten, and had yard number 72.

Viking served with the Royal Norwegian Navy until stricken in 1920. Later she was used as a hospital ship by the Norwegian Red Cross.

References

 Naval history via Flix: KNM Viking, retrieved 17 March 2006
 Viking (First Class Gunboat, 1891-1920), retrieved 17 March 2006

Ships built in Horten
1.-class gunboats
1891 ships
Hospital ships
Training excavation

Training excavations are normally run by university departments or large contractors and employ professional archaeologists to teach the basics of archaeological methodology, including photography, stratigraphy,  illustration and draughtsmanship as well as survey and finds treatment.  

The main element of a training excavation is the student or paying volunteer.  Often the excavation site is large and rural, and can be worked on over the summer period for several weeks, with many groups arriving over the period for training.  Many sites are only excavated due to this type of practice, where development is not pressing for completion and more time can be taken in the long term investigation of the site and training of new archaeologists.  The standard of  training on an excavation can be variable, with some sites run by academic archaeologists who are not up to date with current practice.

External links
In the UK there are many places to work on a training excavation, and three websites provide details:
Current Archaeoogy
UK Archaeology Opportunities
British Archaeological Jobs Resource

Methods in archaeology
Mandelbrot (cookie)

Mandelbrot (), with a number of variant spellings, and called mandel bread or kamish in English-speaking countries and kamishbrot in Ukraine, is a type of cookie found in Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine and popular amongst Eastern European Jews. The Yiddish word mandlbroyt literally means almond bread, a reference to its common ingredient of almonds. It is typically formed by baking a loaf which is then cut into small slabs and twice-baked in order to form a crunchy exterior. The cookies were popular in Eastern Europe among rabbis, merchants and other itinerant Jews as a staple dessert that kept well.

Its precise origin is unknown, as is its historic relationship with biscotti, a similar Italian cookie. It is made with oil and not butter and so is pareve and can be served as part of the Shabbat dinner.  

The basic ingredients are flour, sugar, eggs and oil. Additional ingredients vary between bakers, but common additions include almonds, walnuts, cinnamon, chocolate chips or diced candied fruit. Mandelbrot is called kamishbrot in Ukraine, and the two terms are often used interchangeably in the United States.

See also
 List of almond dishes
 List of cookies

References

External links
Recipe for Mandelbrot

Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine
Jewish baked goods
Almond cookies
Twice-baked goods
Filling

Filling may refer to:

 a food mixture used for stuffing
 Frosting used between layers of a cake
 Dental restoration
 Symplectic filling, a kind of cobordism in mathematics
 Part of the leather crusting process

See also
 Fill (disambiguation)
2nd Nunavut Legislature

The 2nd Nunavut Legislature lasted from 2004 to 2008. The government of premier Paul Okalik was sustained for a second term after the members of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut re-elected him as premier.

The legislature began after the second general election on February 16, 2004 when 19 members were returned with six of those being incumbents.

Membership in the 2nd assembly

Members elected in the 2nd general election

Membership changes

References

External links
Legislative Assembly of Nunavut official website

2
Legislature, 2
Legislature, 2
National Center for University Entrance Examinations

The  is an Independent Administrative Institution that administers the National Center Test for University Admissions and law school entrance exams in Japan.

The institution is under the control of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Its offices are located in Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo.

History 
 1977 Established as the preparation organization for the Common first-stage exam
 1979 First common first-stage exam
 1988 Started providing information on universities through the videotex with its Heart System (ハートシステム)
 1990 Became the administrator of the National Center Test for University Admissions
 2003 Began administering law school entrance exams

See also
 Independent Administrative Institution (IAI), 2001
 List of Independent Administrative Institutions (Japan)

External links 
 Daigaku Nyushi Center website
 Heart System website

Testing and exams in Japan
Independent Administrative Institutions of Japan
1977 establishments in Japan
Government agencies established in 1977
Pituophis catenifer affinis

Pituophis catenifer affinis, commonly known as the Sonoran gopher snake, is a nonvenomous subspecies of colubrid snake that is endemic to the southwestern United States. It is one of six recognized subspecies of the gopher snake, Pituophis catenifer.

Geographic range

It is found from central Texas across the Southwestern United States to southeastern California, Arizona, and south into the northern states of Mexico.

Description
Adults average  in total length. The maximum recorded total length is .

The saddle-shaped dorsal blotches are reddish brown, except for near and on the tail, where they are dark brown or blackish.

The rostral is about as long as it is broad, not elongated as in other Pituophis subspecies.

Habitat
It primarily inhabits the Sonoran Desert ecosystem of the Southwest USA, and into northern Mexico.

Diet
They feed on small rodents, hence the common name gopher snake.

Behavior
They are moderately defensive but can be tamed, and become very gentle. They have hard tough skin on their noses used to burrow into gopher holes and the burrows of other rodents. During the winter they brumate. They invade gopher holes and holes of other burrowing rodents and eat what they need to stay alive in the invaded burrow.

Reproduction
P. c. affinis is oviparous. Adult females lay 7-22 eggs in July or August. The eggs average . The hatchlings are about  in total length.

References

Further reading
 Hallowell, E. 1852. Descriptions of new Species of Reptiles inhabiting North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 6: 177–182. (Pityophis affinis, p. 181.)

External links
Wildlifenorthamerica.com: Fact Sheet for the Sonoran Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer affinis)

catenifer affinis
Snakes of North America
Reptiles of Mexico
Reptiles of the United States
Fauna of Northern Mexico
Fauna of the Southwestern United States
Fauna of the Sonoran Desert
Fauna of the Colorado Desert
Taxa named by Edward Hallowell (herpetologist)
Berwick College

Berwick College is a co-educational, public school for years 7 to 12 situated in the outer Melbourne metropolitan suburb of Berwick. It was once the largest single campus government secondary college in Victoria.

In 2006 the school started downsizing with the majority of a block of portables removed. The school consists of approximately 1500 students and 200 teachers, principals and aides.

At the state election in 2006, the Victorian Labor Party canvassed plans to build a junior campus of Berwick Secondary in the Timbarra Estate. This school would serve students in years seven to nine. The campus had been proposed, at past state elections, to act as a stand-alone campus. These ideas, however, were later rejected by the Government due to feasibility concerns.

Berwick College has been subject to an act of student violence on school grounds. On 21 August 2019 police were called to Berwick Secondary College about 1.30pm after reports that about 15 to 20 students were involved in a fight resulting in the arrest of three students aged between 14 and 16.

Notable alumni 
 Buddy Murphy (born 1988), professional wrestler, graduated in 2006.

References

External links
BC official website
BSC LOTE Centre for Language Excellence
City of Casey profile

Public high schools in Victoria (state)
Educational institutions established in 1977
1977 establishments in Australia
Buildings and structures in the City of  Casey
Tatiana Day

Tatiana Day (, Tatyanin den), also known as Tatyana's Day or Students Day, is named after Saint Tatiana, a Christian martyr in 3rd-century Rome during the reign of Emperor Alexander Severus. It is also the name day for the name Tatiana. The Russian Orthodox Church celebrates St. Tatiana's feast on 12 January Julian, which corresponds to 25 January Gregorian in the 20th and 21st centuries. In Russia, the day is known as Students Day, commemorating the end of the winter university exams session.

Background 
On 12 January 1755 Julian (23 January 1755 Gregorian), Empress Elizabeth of Russia signed a decree for the establishment of the first Russian university, which was constructed in Moscow and put under the care of the first Russian Minister of Education Ivan Shuvalov (that day was his mother's name day). In 1791, the Church of Saint Tatiana was built in the university campus, and the Russian Orthodox Church declared Saint Tatiana the patron saint of students.

Tatiana Day has come to be celebrated as Students Day in countries of the former Russian empire. The observance has a long tradition of festive activities and celebrations. In 1885, Chekhov wrote about Tatiana Day, "This year everything was drunk, except the water from the Moscow river, and only because it was frozen". The day begins with a traditional service conducted at the University's church followed by speeches and the awarding of prizes. Later in the day, many students host or attend parties and public events. Although originating in Moscow, St. Tatiana's Day celebrations have spread to most university towns.

Tatiana Day also coincides with the end of the first term of the traditional academic year for Russian students, so the holiday also functions as a day of celebration for the completion of final exams.

References

External links
  St. Tatiana's Chapel at the Moscow State University
  Site for the St. Isaac's Cathedral
 Martyrdom of St. Tatiana of Rome (includes icon)

Observances in Russia
Observances in Ukraine
Student culture
Education in Russia
Education in Ukraine
Folk calendar of the East Slavs
Eastern Orthodox liturgical days
Moscow State University
January observances
Outer Drive

Outer Drive is a bypass road which encircles both the eastern and western portions of the Detroit, Michigan region. It resembles a jagged horseshoe and was not originally intended to move traffic as much as it was to provide a pleasurable drive around the City of Detroit and some of its suburbs.

A boulevard for the vast majority of its length, Outer Drive includes travel through beautiful subdivisions, school sites, and park areas. First proposed in 1918, it immediately won acceptance and eventually evolved into the thoroughfare which exists today. A 1929 article in Michigan Women magazine, predicted a "...great pleasure boulevard..." that would be "...like a necklace around Detroit...." However, in an article dated August 4, 2004, in the Metro Times, Michigan author Curt Guyette described Outer Drive as "...one of the oddest city thoroughfares in the country." Outer Drive was once famous for the elm trees that lined the wandering roadway at one time, but in a circa-1983 WXYZ-TV report about Outer Drive, reporter Erik Smith of the local ABC affiliate, declared that "...now, it may be more famous for its potholes."

While mostly within the Detroit city limits, Outer Drive also ventures into the cities of Allen Park, Dearborn, Dearborn Heights, Ecorse, Lincoln Park, and Melvindale.

At its western starting point at Jefferson Avenue in Ecorse near the Detroit River, the thoroughfare meanders northwesterly to Michigan Avenue, where it makes a northeast bend along the River Rouge; it then continues northeasterly with several 90 degree angle turns until Outer Drive ends at Livernois Avenue. Outer Drive then resumes on Detroit's east side, over-taking State Fair Avenue, Conner Avenue, Alter Road, Chandler Park Drive, and Whittier Avenue, with its eastern terminus at Mack Avenue at the northern edge of the City of Grosse Pointe Park, but not actually entering that city. Outer Drive is notable for having several isolated divided portions. There are three such segments. The largest is the westernmost section, beginning at Jefferson Avenue in Ecorse and ending at Livernois Avenue in Detroit—this particular sector is . The middle section is between Dequindre Road (at East State Fair Avenue) and at East McNichols Road (between the Mount Olivet Cemetery and the Coleman A. Young International Airport); that section is  entirely within Detroit. The easternmost section is between Conner Avenue (near Gratiot Avenue) and Mack Avenue; this portion is  and likewise completely inside Detroit.

See also
Grand Boulevard (Detroit)

References

Metro Times Article about the history of Outer Drive

Metro Detroit
Streets in Michigan
Tatiana of Rome

Saint Tatiana was a Christian martyr in 3rd-century Rome during the reign of Emperor Severus Alexander.

Biography 
According to legend, she was the daughter of a Roman civil servant who was secretly Christian, and raised his daughter in the faith. This was dangerous, and one day the jurist Ulpian captured Tatiana and attempted to force her to make a sacrifice to Apollo. She prayed, and miraculously, an earthquake destroyed the Apollo statue and part of the temple.

Tatiana was then blinded, and beaten for two days, before being brought to a circus and thrown into the pit with a hungry lion. But the lion did not touch her and lay at her feet. She was then sentenced to death, and after being tortured, Tatiana was beheaded with a sword on January 12, around AD 225 or 230.

Veneration

Tatiana is venerated as a saint, and her feast day is on January 12 (for those churches which follow the traditional Julian Calendar, January 12 currently falls on January 25 of the modern Gregorian Calendar). The miracles performed by Saint Tatiana are said to have converted many people to the fledgling religion. Her skull was translated in 1955 from Bistrița Monastery to the Cathedral of Saint Demetrius in Craiova, Romania, and is enshrined with the relics of Saints Sergius and Bacchus and those of Patriach Nephon II of Constantinople. 

Saint Tatiana is patron saint of students. In Russia and Belarus, Tatiana Day is semi-formally celebrated as "Students' Day."

The similarity of her life with those of Martina and Prisca has led some to question whether they may even all be the same person, or if perhaps similar hagiographies were assigned to them posthumously. There is no early evidence of veneration of either Martina or Tatiana in Rome, and Prisca (or Priscilla) is hard to identify.

References
Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. .

External links 
Martyrdom of Saint Tatiana (includes icon)
Martyr Tatiana of Rome, and those who suffered with Her Orthodox icon and synaxarion
The Holy Female Martyr Tatiana Prologue from Ochrid

Year of birth unknown
Ante-Nicene Christian female saints
Italian saints
3rd-century Christian martyrs
Virgin martyrs
Christian martyrs executed by decapitation
226 deaths
William the Rich

William the Rich may refer to:
 William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen (1487–1559)
 William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1516–1592)
 William Jennens (1701–1798) William the Miser, William the Rich, 'the richest commoner in England' who died intestate. The legal case dragged on for over 100 years.
Ryan Watkins

Ryan Edward Watkins (born 9 June 1983) is a Welsh cricketer. He played for Glamorgan as a left-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler.

As a teenager, he captained Gwent and Wales before signing a development contract with the Welsh County side.

Watkins made his debut in 2005 and contributed with both the bat and the ball during 2006, when he was consistently in the first XI.

Watkins also holds the record by a Glamorgan outfielder for holding the most catches in a match: he caught seven in a County Championship match against Kent County Cricket Club..

In 2009 he set a new Glamorgan record for Twenty20 cricket bowling with 5/16 against Gloucestershire, but was released by the side after the 2009 season.

References

1983 births
Living people
Cricketers from Abergavenny
Glamorgan cricketers
Wales National County cricketers
Welsh cricketers
Wiltshire cricketers
Common first-stage exam

The  was a standardized test administered in Japan and used for university admissions from 1979 to 1989.

The subjects tested basic skills and covered the following subjects: Japanese literature, mathematics, English, social studies and science.  The exam was administered by the National Center for University Entrance Examinations, an Independent Administrative Institution. The test was superseded by the National Center Test for University Admissions.

Origins
The idea of a standardized test was discussed in the 1960s by the Ministry of Education. In the 1970s, the exam became a reality following approval by the government and ruling party. It was intended to reduce the exam stress encountered by high school seniors battling for a place in their choice of college.

A decision was made in 1988 to change the name of the exam, and this was implemented in 1990.

Testing and exams in Japan
1979 establishments in Japan
1989 disestablishments in Japan
Philip Phillips (archaeologist)

Philip Phillips (11 August 1900 – 11 December 1994) was an influential archaeologist in the United States during the 20th century.   Although his first graduate work was in architecture, he later received a doctorate from Harvard University under advisor Alfred Marston Tozzer.  His first archaeological experiences were on Iroquois sites, but he specialized in the Mississippian culture, especially its Lower Mississippi Valley incarnation.

Career
In 1937, he was appointed assistant curator of Southeastern Archaeology at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard.  In 1949, he became its curator; and remained an honorary curator from his 1967 retirement until his death.

His professional collaborations with James A. Ford, James Bennett Griffin, and Gordon Willey have become some of the standard works of American archaeology.

His professional obituary, including a summary of his life's accomplishments, was written by his lifelong colleague and collaborator Gordon R. Willey.  It was published in 1996 by the Society for American Archaeology. "

Personal life
Phillips married Ruth Wilma Schoellkopf (daughter of business magnate Jacob F. Schoellkopf Jr.) in 1922 in Buffalo, New York. In 1942, the Phillips resided in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1955 their son Bradley Sawyer Phillips (1929–1991) married the poet V. R. Lang (1924–1956). 

Phillips died at his home in Bolton, Massachusetts in 1994. Phillips had restored the Whitcomb Inn and Farm, the oldest house in Bolton, and had donated land to preserve for public use in the town.

Published works
Phillips' published works include:
Brain, Jeffrey P. and Philip Phillips. 1996. Shell Gorgets: Styles of the Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric Southeast. Peabody Museum Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Phillips, Philip. 1970. Archaeological Survey in the Lower Yazoo Basin, Mississippi, 1949-1955. Peabody Museum Papers, vol. 60. Harvard University, Cambridge.
Phillips, Philip and J. A. Brown. 1975-83. Pre-Columbian Shell Engravings from the Craig Mound at Spiro, Oklahoma. (6 volumes) Cambridge, Peabody Museum Press.
Phillips, Philip and J. A. Brown. 1984. Pre-Columbian Shell Engravings from the Craig Mound at Spiro, Oklahoma. (2-volume softbound edition) Cambridge, Peabody Museum Press.
Phillips, Philip, James A. Ford, and James B. Griffin. 1951. Archaeological Survey in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, 1940-1947. Peabody Museum Papers, vol. 25. Harvard University, Cambridge.
Willey, Gordon R. and Philip Phillips. 1958. Method and Theory in American Archaeology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

References

Willey, Gordon R. Obituary: Philip Phillips 1900-1994. American Antiquity, Vol. 61, No. 1. (Jan., 1996), pp. 39–43.

Pre-Columbian scholars
Harvard University alumni
American Mesoamericanists
Mesoamerican archaeologists
20th-century Mesoamericanists
1900 births
1994 deaths
Schoellkopf family
20th-century American archaeologists
Teodora Ungureanu

Teodora Ungureanu (born 13 November 1960) is a Romanian former gymnast who competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics. She is a three-time Olympic medalist (two silver and one bronze) and a world championships silver medalist. After retiring from gymnastics she has enjoyed a successful career as a gymnastics coach.

Gymnastics career
Ungureanu began gymnastics at the age of nine. She trained in Bucharest until she was 12, when she joined the gymnastics school run by Béla Károlyi and his wife, Márta. 

At her first Romanian National Championships, in 1971, she placed first in the all-around in the children's division. While Ungureanu was a skilled athlete, medalling at various World Cup and international events, she was frequently overshadowed by her more celebrated teammate and friend, Nadia Comăneci (who was born the day before Ungureanu's first birthday). She placed second to Comăneci at various events, including the Romanian Nationals. At the 1976 Summer Olympics, Ungureanu barely missed an all-around bronze, finishing fourth. She did win two individual medals in the event finals, a bronze on the balance beam and a silver on the uneven bars, and shared in the team's silver medal. Ungureanu's final meet was the 1979 World University Games, where she finished first in the all-around.

Post retirement
Following her retirement, she married Romanian Olympic gymnast Sorin Cepoi and began working with the Troup Cornea travelling circus. She and her husband eventually moved to France, where they coached for eight years before going to the United States in 1993. In 2001, she was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame. Currently, Ungureanu and her husband own Dynamic Gymnastics club in Westchester, New York. Ungureanu coached four-year national team member and 2011 world champion Sabrina Vega until 2012 at Dynamic Gymnastics. Ungureanu is also rated as an International Gymnastics Official and serves as a judge at various competitions.

Competitive history

References

External links

Bio at romanian-gymnastics.com
List of competitive results at Gymn Forum
Whatever Happened to Teodora Ungureanu?
Profile at GymnasticaBio.com
Dynamic Gymnastics Homepage

1960 births
Living people
Romanian female artistic gymnasts
Romanian emigrants to the United States
American gymnastics coaches
American sportswomen
Olympic gymnasts for Romania
Olympic silver medalists for Romania
Olympic bronze medalists for Romania
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Gymnasts at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Sportspeople from Reșița
21st-century American women
Makoto Kaneko (businessman)

is the Founder, President, CEO and Representative Director of Zuken Inc., a public listed multinational corporation in the Tokyo Stock Exchange. He also owns the exclusive golf club, The King Kamehameha Golf Club in Hawaii.

Makoto Kaneko is better known as a prominent horse owner in Japan. He is the owner of Deep Impact, one of the most famous racehorses in Japanese history. Kaneko has also become the first racehorse owner to win all of the 8 major races of Japan as well as the Japan Cup.

Makoto Kaneko's famous racehorses 
Black Hawk
He won the Sprinters Stakes and the Yasuda Kinen.
Kurofune
He has 4 course records. Because of his strength, He was called "White Secretariat".
To the Victory
She won the Queen Elizabeth II Commemorative Cup and challenged the Dubai World Cup twice. Her younger brother Silent Deal is also Makoto's horse.
Utopia
He was traded to Godolphin Racing.
King Kamehameha
He won the Tokyo Yushun (Japanese Derby) for the first time as Kaneko's horse.
Kane Hekili
He was also one of the strongest dirt-horses in Japan. He won 7 GI dirt-races.
Deep Impact
He won 7 GI races including the Japanese Triple Crown in 2005, and challenged the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe held in 2006.
White Vessel
He was the first white horse in Japan Racing Association history to win a race. His father is Kurofune and mother is Shirayukihime who is also a white horse; White Vessel is a full brother of Yukichan.
Yukichan
She was the first white horse in Japan Racing Association history to win a graded race.
Apapane
She won the Japanese Fillies' Triple Crown in 2010.
Lovely Day
Winner of the 2015 Takarazuka Kinen and Tenno Sho (Autumn)
Makahiki
Winner of the 2016 Japanese Derby.
Wagnerian
Winner of the 2018 Japanese Derby.
Sodashi
The first white horse to win a grade 1 race.

References 

1945 births
Businesspeople from Tokyo
Japanese chief executives
Japanese racehorse owners and breeders
Living people
Waseda University alumni
Aldric of Le Mans

Saint Aldric (c. 800 – 7 January 856) was Bishop of Le Mans in the time of Louis the Pious.

Life
Aldric was born into a noble family, of partly Saxon and partly Bavarian extraction, about the year 800. At the age of twelve he was placed by his father in the court of Charlemagne, in the household of his son Louis the Pious at Aix la Chapelle. Aldric was highly esteemed by both monarchs, but at the age of twenty-one he withdrew to Metz and became a priest. He was then recalled to the court by Louis, who took him as his chaplain and the guide of his conscience.

Nine years after his ordination, Aldric was made Bishop of Le Mans. He was consecrated on the 22nd of December. The emperor arrived at Mans three days after, and kept the Christmas holy-days with him. He was a learned and pious prelate, devoted to the poor and to the religious interests of his Diocese. Apart from being conspicuously virtuous, he showed a practical turn in building aqueducts and ransoming captives, as well as building new churches and restoring monasteries.

In the civil wars which followed the death of Louis, Aldric's loyalty to Charles the Bald resulted in his expulsion from his see, and he withdrew to Rome.  Gregory IV reinstated him. In 836, as an emissary of the Council of Aix la Chapelle Aldric visited Pepin I, who was then King of Aquitaine, with Erchenrad, Bishop of Paris, and persuaded Pepin to order that all the possessions of the Church which had been seized by his followers should be restored.

Aldric took part in the Councils of Paris in 846 and Tours in 849. The two last years of his life he was confined to his bed by a palsy. He died at Le Mans on 7 January 856 and was buried in the church of Saint Vincent, having been bishop for twenty-four years.

He was succeeded by Robert (bishop of Le Mans).

References

Relevant works
Actus Pontificum Cenomannis (in urbe degentium), compiled during Aldric's episcopate.
ed. Margarete Weidemann, Geschichte des Bistums Le Mans von der Spätantike bis zur Karolingerzeit: Actus Pontificum Cenomannis in urbe degentium und Gesta Aldrici. 3 vols. Mainz, 2000.
Gesta (Domni) Aldrici, which relates how Aldric translated the bodies of the saints and former bishops of Le Mans: Julianus, Turibius, Pavatius, Romanus, Liborius and Hadoindus to his cathedral.
ed. Margarete Weidemann, Geschichte des Bistums Le Mans von der Spätantike bis zur Karolingerzeit: Actus Pontificum Cenomannis in urbe degentium und Gesta Aldrici. 3 vols. Mainz, 2000.

Further reading
Goffart, Walter A. The Le Mans forgeries: a chapter from the history of church property in the ninth century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1966. Contents.

800s births
856 deaths
Bishops of Le Mans
9th-century French bishops
9th-century Christian saints
Saints of West Francia
9th-century writers in Latin
Letter writers in Latin
Writers from the Carolingian Empire
Zillebeke

Zillebeke (also known as Zellebeck) is a village in the Flemish province of West Flanders in Belgium. It is a former municipality which is now part of Ypres.

History
On 3 March 1914 the then municipality was granted the arms of the last Lords of Zillebeke, the Canton family, Viscounts of Winnezeele, which had in 1740 acquired the Ancien Régime estate of Zillebeke.

During World War I, like other parts of Ypres, it was the site of bipartisan heroism, with Victoria Crosses being won by three soldiers in the area – John Henry Stephen Dimmer, John Franks Vallentin, and John Carmichael. The village was mentioned in the Wipers Times, the most well-known of the trench magazines that were published by soldiers fighting on the front lines of the Great War.

The 1st Battalion of The Irish Guards suffered huge casualties defending the village and playing a major part in stopping the German breakthrough to the Channel Ports between 1 and 11 November 1914 as part of the First Battle of Ypres.

Located in or close to Zillebeke are Hill 60, the Hill 62 Memorial, The Bluff, the Sanctuary Wood Museum Hill 62 and the Sanctuary Wood CWGC Cemetery. Within Zillebeke Churchyard CWGC Cemetery, which forms part of the churchyard at Zillebeke Catholic parish church, there is a section with war graves of soldiers from aristocratic backgrounds; this plot is called The Aristocrat's Cemetery.

The nearby villages of Hollebeke and Voormezele were merged into Zillebeke in 1970. In 1976, the enlarged Zillebeke was merged into the city of Ypres.

See also
 Railway Dugouts Burial Ground (Transport Farm) CWGC Cemetery
 RE Grave Railway Wood CWGC Cemetery

References

 
 Belgian Civil heraldry – shows the coat of arms

Ypres
Populated places in West Flanders
Fureai

Fureai () is a Japanese term to refer to the formation of emotional connection between people of different age group and/or profession within the community.

Etymology
The word "Fureai" is composed of fure from  fureru (触れる to touch/make contact) and ai (合い  mutuality/both sides/together). It could be translated as "contact; connectedness; rapport".

Linguistic definition
"Fureai" approximates the English expressions for "mutual touch" or "mutual contact".

Generally, the word "Fureai"" is used in the following contexts:

 Only applied for socially-beneficial realms (such as welfare, education and environmental protection)
 Evaluates emotional relationship while excluding exchange of technical knowledge and/or arrangement of political/economic interests
 makes it necessary that humans (or between human(s) and animals) keep in face to face contact, excluding connections by Internet, mobile phones and other IT devices.

The following are examples of correct usage in Japan:

 Fureai between children and carers at a kindergarten
 Fureai between children and animals at a zoo
 Fureai with Nature
 Fureai between an enka singer and the elderly
 Fureai between nurses and patients

The following examples would not be correct Japanese usage:

 Fureai by way of Internet
 Fureai between Yakuzas and Politicians
 Fureai between executives of local businesses
 Fureai among IT experts

History of usage
"Fureai" is a relatively recent addition to Japanese, first usage recorded in the 1970s and 1980s.

The acceptance of Fureai reflects Japan's socioeconomic transformation, particularly the collapse of traditional communities.  Most Japanese had been living, since its economic growth in 1950s and 1960s, in their rural community with agriculture, fishing and/or forestry as its main industry, with their own extended family where the elderly lived together with their offspring, but the popularization of nuclear family and individualism made some people, especially the elderly, suffer from social exclusion.  The traditional childrearing method also disappeared as a result of such a social change, giving rise to delinquency in the adolescence and the concept "Fureai" became popular in Japan as a means to solve such social issues by trying to create their emotional relationship.

Difference from solidarity
"Fureai" is somewhat similar to "solidarity", which refers to the union of people in order to achieve a common social goal.  "Fureai," on the other hand, does not imply any goal, but merely to offer some emotional connection.

See also
 Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
 Fureai Kippu
Physical intimacy
Internet influences on communities

References

Japanese words and phrases
Andrei Lankov

Andrei Nikolaevich Lankov (; born 26 July 1963) is a Russian scholar of Asia and a specialist in Korean studies and Director of Korea Risk Group, the parent company of NK News and NK Pro.

Early life and education
Lankov was born on 26 July 1963, in Leningrad, Soviet Union (modern day Saint Petersburg). He completed his undergraduate and graduate studies at Leningrad State University in 1986 and 1989, respectively. He also attended Pyongyang's Kim Il-sung University in 1985.

Career
Following his graduate studies, Lankov taught Korean history and language at his alma mater, and in 1992 went to South Korea for work; he moved to Australia in 1996 to take up a post at the Australian National University, and moved back to Seoul to teach at Kookmin University in 2004. Lankov has written in Russian (his native language), Korean, and English. He runs a North Korea-themed Livejournal blog in Russian, where he documents aspects of life in North (and South) Korea, together with his musings and links to his publications. He has written a column for the English-language daily The Korea Times for 15 years and also for Bloomberg News and Al Jazeera English.

Lankov has been a regular contributor to NK News and its premium research platform NK Pro since 2012. In May 2017, he became a Director of Korea Risk Group, the parent company of these platforms and committed to writing exclusively for the firm, outside of his academic commitments.

Books

References

External links

Unofficial, 'fan-made' channel on Telegram

The interview with Lankov (Video) by RT
North Korea's missionary position by Andrei Lankov, Asia Policy
The Natural Death of North Korean Stalinism by Andrei Lankov, Asia Policy (January 2006)
Pyongyang Strikes Back: North Korean Policies of 2002–08 and Attempts to Reverse "De-Stalinization from Below" by Andrei Lankov, Asia Policy (July 2009)
The Death of Juche? A roundtable discussion about the growth of markets in North Korea at Center for Free Enterprise, (28 September 2011)

1963 births
Living people
People from Saint Petersburg
Koreanists
Russian expatriates in North Korea
Russian expatriates in South Korea
Russian expatriates in Australia
Experts on North Korea
Saint Petersburg State University alumni
Kim Il Sung University alumni
Academic staff of Kookmin University
Academic staff of the Australian National University
Academic staff of Saint Petersburg State University
Soviet expatriates in North Korea
Jason Tunks

Jason Tunks (born May 7, 1975 in London, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian former discus thrower who has represented Canada in the Olympics in Atlanta 1996, Sydney 2000 and Athens 2004. He currently holds the Canadian National Record for discus at .
 
Tunks was inducted into the London (Ontario) Sports Hall of Fame in 2012, and the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in 2014.

Major events 

IAAF World Championships in Athletics

 1997 World Championships in Athletics at Athens - 9th - 62.30 m (204.40 ft)
 1999 World Championships in Athletics at Seville - 20th - 60.20 m (197.51 ft)
 2001 World Championships in Athletics at Edmonton - 9th - 63.79 m (209.28 ft)
 2003 World Championships in Athletics at Paris - 11th - 62.21 m (204.10 ft)
 2005 World Championships in Athletics at Helsinki - 8th - 63.77 m (209.22 ft)

Commonwealth Games

 1998 Commonwealth Games at Kuala Lumpur - 3rd - 62.22 m (204.13 ft)
 2002 Commonwealth Games at Manchester - 2nd - 62.61 m (205.41 ft)
 2006 Commonwealth Games at Melbourne - 2nd - 63.07 m (206.92 ft)

Pan American Games

 1999 Pan American Games at Winnipeg - 3rd - 61.75 m (202.59 ft)
 2003 Pan American Games at Santo Domingo - 1st - 63.70 m (208.99 ft)

World Cup in Athletics

 2002 World Cup at Madrid - 5th - 62.89 m (206.33 ft)

Goodwill Games

 1998 Goodwill Games at Uniondale, New York - 4th - 62.53 m (205.15 ft)
 2001 Goodwill Games at Brisbane - 7th - 61.70 m (202.43 ft)

Progression

Personal life 
Tunks is married to Dianne Tunks (née Olson) and has four  known children: Brayden, Rylan, Jenna and Julia (born 20 July 2006), who is the #1 on the World U18 Female Discus leaderboard.

See also
 Canadian records in track and field

References

External links 

 
 Athletics Canada profile

1975 births
Living people
Athletes from London, Ontario
Canadian male discus throwers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1999 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2003 Pan American Games
Olympic track and field athletes for Canada
SMU Mustangs men's track and field athletes
Pan American Games track and field athletes for Canada
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Canada
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Pan American Games gold medalists for Canada
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Competitors at the 1998 Goodwill Games
Competitors at the 2001 Goodwill Games
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Wikipedia requested images
HNoMS Frithjof (1895)

HNoMS Frithjof was a 1. class gunboat (built for the Royal Norwegian Navy. Like the other Norwegian gunboats of her era, she carried a heavy armament on a diminutive hull. The vessel was built at the Naval Yard at Horten, and had yard number 76.

Frithjof served with the Norwegian Navy as a gunboat and cadet training ship until stricken in 1928.

References

 Naval history via Flix: Frithjof,
 Viking (First Class Gunboat, 1891-1920), retrieved 17 March 2006

Ships built in Horten
Frithjof
1895 ships
Training ships of the Royal Norwegian Navy
Lough Mahon

Lough Mahon () is a sea lough in the north-western part of Cork Harbour. Its area is about .

Several Cork suburbs, such as Mahon, Douglas, Rochestown, Blackrock and Ballinlough as well as the town of Passage West are on its southern and western shores. To the north is Little Island and to the east Great Island.

Lough Mahon falls within the Cork Harbour "Special Protection Area", as designated under the EU Birds Directive, and is an important habitat for a number of bird species and migrating waders in particular.

References 

Sea loughs of the Republic of Ireland
Landforms of County Cork
Geography of Cork (city)
Jai Narayan Vyas

Jai Narayan Vyas (18 February 1899 – 14 March 1963) was an Indian politician and the third chief minister of the State of Rajasthan. He hailed from Jodhpur city and was a leader of Indian National Congress party.

Early life

He was born on 18 February 1899 in a Brahmin family to Pandit Sewaramji Vyas and Shrimati Gopi Devi in Jodhpur.

Political career

Pre-independence
Vyas and other Jodhpuri political activists formed the Marwar Hitkarni Sabha (Marwar Improvement Society) in the early 1920s in Jodhpur State, aimed at freeing the state from the rule of "aliens": a chief minister and other non-Jodhpuri officials both Indian and English. Its motto was "Marwar [Jodhpur] for the Marwaris" and its design to protect local interests from the effects of administrative reform.63 The maharaja gave the Sabha his blessing, while Vyas saw his role in it as his first contribution to the freedom movement. The organization was banned in 1924.

Later he formed the Jodhpur Praja Mandal (1934) with Bhanwarlal Sarraf, the Youth League, and the Marwar Lok Parishad (1938) with inspiration of Subhashchander Bose. He guided his movements from Ajmer, whenever he had trouble in his home state of Jodhpur.

Post-independence
On 3 March 1948 he became the Prime Minister of Jodhpur State. He relinquished his office on 7 April 1949. He was chief minister of the state of Rajasthan twice, first time from 26 April 1951 to 3 March 1952 and a second time from 1 November 1952 to 12 November 1954.

He lost in first election of Rajasthan legislative assembly in 1952. So Tika Ram Paliwal has been made the chief minister of Rajasthan. Later he won the by-election for Kishangarh and again took over the post on 1 November 1952.

He was also the member of Rajya Sabha from 20 April 1957 to 2 April 1960 and from 3 April 1960 till his death on 14 March 1963 in New Delhi. His remains were cremated in Chandpole, Jodhpur.

Honors
The Jai Narain Vyas University in Jodhpur, his home town, is named after him.
Jai Narayan Vyas Colony in Bikaner, is also named after him

References

External links

 Former Chief Ministers of Rajasthan
 Previous members of the Rajya Sabha 1952–2003

1899 births
1963 deaths
Chief Ministers of Rajasthan
People from Jodhpur
Rajasthani people
Members of the Constituent Assembly of India
Chief ministers from Indian National Congress
Rajya Sabha members from Rajasthan
Union technique de l'électricité et de la communication

The Union Technique de l'Electricité et de la Communication (UTE) is the French national organisation for normalisation in the domain of electronics. It is a member of the International Electrotechnical Commission and of the CENELEC.

It was founded in 1907 as the Union des syndicats de l'électricité from a merger of the Syndicat professionnel des industries électriques and the Syndicat professionnel des usines d'électricité.

Florent Guillain was one of the first presidents.

References

External links
 

Electrical safety standards organizations
Trade associations based in France
Hung Fa Chai

Hung Fa Chai () is a hill in the New Territories of Hong Kong. With a height of , it lies  to the northeast of Robin's Nest, just inside the Frontier Closed Area south of the border with Shenzhen in mainland China. On old Colonial maps of Hong Kong, it was marked as Ben Nevis, after the highest mountain in Scotland. It is the most northerly of all Hong Kong's hills over  featured in the list of mountains, peaks and hills in Hong Kong.

Hung Fa Chai () has the same 'red flower' root () as Robin's Nest while Chai () can mean either 'stockaded village', 'camp' or 'mountain stronghold'.

See also 

 Robin's Nest

References 

Mountains, peaks and hills of Hong Kong
Sha Tau Kok
Closed Area
Watkinson

Watkinson is a surname of English origin. At the time of the British Census of 1881 Watkinson Surname at Forebears, its frequency was highest in Nottinghamshire (4.1 times the British average), followed by Cambridgeshire, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Suffolk, Lincolnshire, Essex and Cheshire. The name Watkinson may apply to:

Surname
Angela Watkinson (born 1941), British politician
Carolyn Watkinson (born 1949), British baroque singer
Colin Watkinson, British cinematographer
David Watkinson (born 1954), British rugby league player
Dr. Ernest A. Watkinson (1912–2011), Canadian physician, diplomat, and public health advocate
Eddie Watkinson (born 1979), American artist
Harold Watkinson (1910–1995), British businessman and politician, the only Viscount Watkinson
Lee Watkinson (born 1966), American poker player
Murray Watkinson (1939–2004), New Zealand rower, brother of Peter Watkinson
Mike Watkinson (born 1961), English cricketer
Peter Watkinson, New Zealand rower, brother of Murray Watkinson
William Watkinson "Billy" (1922–2001), English footballer
William Watkinson (jockey) "Willie" (1886–1926), Tasmanian jockey, winning rider of Jack Horner at the 1926 Grand National

See also 
 Watkins (surname)

English-language surnames
Jean-Marie Tjibaou

Jean-Marie Tjibaou (January 30, 1936 – May 4, 1989) was a French politician in New Caledonia and leader of the Kanak independence movement. The son of a tribal chief, Tjibaou was ordained a Catholic priest but abandoned his religious vocation for a life in political activism.

Career 
During the 1970s, he undertook a thesis in ethnology at the Sorbonne. While he did not complete his studies, he became engaged in cultural and ethnicity issues on New Caledonia. In 1975 he arranged the Melanesia 2000 festival, which emphasized the Kanak identity.

He was appointed mayor of Hienghène in 1977 and, in 1979, he was made territorial councillor in the newly formed Independence Front, and the head of the pro-independence Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front in 1984.

Assassination 
On 4 May 1989, he was murdered along with  in Ouvéa by another Kanak, . A cultural leader in the promotion of the indigenous Kanak culture, Wéa was shot dead by Tjibaou's bodyguards after the attack. Witnesses said other gunmen were involved.

Honors 
The modern Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre, designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano, is named in his honour.

See also 

 List of peace activists

References

External links 
Tjibaou Cultural Center website 

1936 births
1989 deaths
Assassinated New Caledonian politicians
Assassinated French politicians
Mayors of places in New Caledonia
New Caledonian writers
Laicized Roman Catholic priests
Kanak people
University of Paris alumni
École pratique des hautes études alumni
People from North Province, New Caledonia
20th-century assassinated French politicians
1980s assassinated politicians
Thousand Homes Scheme

The Thousand Homes Scheme was a public housing scheme in Adelaide, South Australia, financed through the State Bank with government support after the First World War.

History
In 1924, to address a housing shortage, the South Australian Government inaugurated the Thousand Homes Scheme to provide affordable housing, particularly for returned soldiers and their families and lower income groups.

Most of the houses were built in Colonel Light Gardens, a planned garden suburb development. South Australian Government town planner W S Griffiths amended part of Charles Reade's original plan of the suburb so that 363 houses could be fitted into the south of the suburb, at the expense of some public areas. A new area west of Goodwood Road was purchased and added to the suburb for a further 332 houses.

See also
 Colonel Light Gardens
 South Australian Housing Trust
 Colonel Light Gardens Historical Society

References

Public housing in Australia