alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Hans van Helden

Hans van Helden (born 27 April 1948) is a former speed skater, originally competing for the Netherlands, later for France.

Life and career

Despite being a very talented speed skater and having an excellent skating style and technique, Van Helden never won any major international tournaments. However, he did become Dutch Allround Champion twice (1976 and 1977) and he did break two world records. Being the then-current world record holder on the 5,000 m, he "only" finished 3rd on that distance during the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, possibly because the ice was in much worse condition during his race than it was when his major rivals (Sten Stensen and Piet Kleine) ran theirs.

In Dutch skating, Van Helden was known as an enfant terrible. His clashes with fellow Dutch skaters, his being fed up with fighting the KNSB (Koninklijke Nederlandsche Schaatsenrijders Bond – the Royal Dutch Skaters Federation), and (in 1980) his marriage to a French skater (Marie-France Vives), led to his naturalisation to French citizenship in December 1981. As a Frenchman, having very little competition from other French skaters, he had no problems qualifying for skating events. This also resulted in a long career as a speed skater and he participated in international competitions until he was 40.

One of his most memorable feats was finishing 4th on the 1,500 m during the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, aged 35, and well ahead of his former compatriots, Dutchmen Hilbert van der Duim, Frits Schalij, and Hein Vergeer.

Records

Personal records

Van Helden was number one on the Adelskalender, the all-time allround speed skating ranking, from 13 March 1976 to 25 December 1976 – a total of 287 days. He has an Adelskalender score of 163.047 points.

World records
Over the course of his career, Van Helden skated two world records:

Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com

Tournament overview

 NC = Did not qualify for the final distance; classification calculated from the three shorter distances
 DQ = Disqualified
 DNQ = Did not qualify for the final distance
source:

Medals won

References

 Eng, Trond. All Time International Championships, Complete Results: 1889 – 2002. Askim, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 2002.
 Teigen, Magne. Komplette Resultater Internasjonale Mesterskap 1889 – 1989: Menn/Kvinner, Senior/Junior, allround/sprint. Veggli, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 1989.

External links
 Hans van Helden at SpeedSkatingStats.com
 The Adelskalender pages maintained by Evert Stenlund

1948 births
Living people
Dutch male speed skaters
French male speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters for France
Olympic speed skaters for the Netherlands
Speed skaters at the 1976 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1984 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the Netherlands
Olympic medalists in speed skating
Medalists at the 1976 Winter Olympics
World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists
World record setters in speed skating
People from Almkerk
Sportspeople from North Brabant
Odisha semi-evergreen forests

The Odisha semi-evergreen forests (also Orissa semi-evergreen forests)  are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of eastern India. The ecoregion covers an area of  on the coastal plain of Odisha state, bounded by the Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests west and north-west, transitioning from the huge ecoregion Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests along the north coastland, and surrounding the smaller ecoregion Godavari-Krishna mangroves along a stretch of the south-east coast by the Bay of Bengal.

Several of Odisha's largest cities, including Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Puri, Chhatrapur, Kendrapara, and Bhadrak, lie within this ecoregion, and it has been extensively cleared for agriculture and urbanization. According to the WWF, 96% of the ecoregion's area has been cleared, and only 4% remains in the original semi-evergreen rain forest. Much of the remaining forest has been degraded by grazing and fuelwood harvesting.

Flora

Fauna 

This ecoregion does not harbour any endemic species, but despite the heavy anthropogenic changes of the landscape and the almost total deforestation, several large mammals are still living here, including elephant and tiger. Important mammals in need of special attention here, includes the tiger, Asian elephant, gaur, dhole (cuon alpinus), sloth bear, and chousingha (tetracerus quadricornis).

The birdlife in the Odisha semi-evergreen ecoregion is quite diverse with 215 known species. The lesser florican (Eupodotis indica) is globally threatened and has found a sanctuary here.

Protected areas

Of the total ecoregion area, about 12.8% is protected.

 Balukhand-Konark Wildlife Sanctuary (70 km2)
 Chilka Wildlife Sanctuary (980 km2), including the Nalbana Bird Sanctuary
 Nandankanan Wildlife Sanctuary (50 km2)

Only tiny fragments of semi-deciduous forest remains in Kapilash Forest Range, Chandaka Forest, Bolagarh Forest and Khallikote Forest.

Conservation 

The original biome of this ecoregion is almost non-existing. According to older surveys, this has been the case since at least 1968. If left to itself, the habitat is believed to be replaced by tropical evergreen forests, not semi-evergreen forests.

Forest management 
A study done by Reddy, Jha, & Dadhwal in this area is being used to shape environmental policies in India to protect biodiversity. Through monitoring long term forest resource changes show a loss in overall species and ecosystem services that can be measured in physical data. The results of this study show a connection between deforestation and habitat fragmentation, and loss of important biodiversity in the ecoregion.

See also
List of ecoregions in India

References

External links

 Geographical ecoregion maps and basic info.

 
Ecoregions of India
Forests of Odisha
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Forests of India
Geography of Odisha
Indomalayan ecoregions
Order of the Nation

The Order of the Nation is a Jamaican honour. It is a part of the Jamaican honours system and was instituted in 1973 as the second-highest honour in the country, with the Order of National Hero being the highest honour.

The Order of the Nation is only conferred on the Governor-General of Jamaica and upon any person who has been appointed as Prime Minister of Jamaica, unless they are already recipients of the Order of National Hero.

Members of the order and their spouses are styled "The Most Honourable", and members wear the insignia of the order as a decoration while appending the post-nominal letters ON to their name. The motto of the order is "One Nation Under God".

In 2002, all deceased former Prime Ministers of Jamaica were posthumously awarded the Order of the Nation.

References 
Inline

General
Order of the Nation, Office of the Prime Minister.

 
Nation, Order of
Awards established in 1973
Queen's Gardens, Croydon

The Queen's Gardens is a public garden in the centre of Croydon, South London. The gardens are bordered by Croydon Town Hall, Bernard Weatherill House, the site of the former Taberner House, Park Lane and Katharine Street.

In their present form, and under their present name, the gardens and their central fountain were opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1983. The area had previously consisted of the smaller Town Hall Gardens, and the site of Croydon's police station. The Town Hall Gardens had originally been laid out in the 1890s on the site of the disused spur railway line leading to Croydon Central station. 

The gardens now comprise areas of lawn with standard trees, a central fountain with benches, and a sunken garden area with formal flower beds and trees exploiting the former track bed and station wall complete with original railings on top. Situated just across from Croydon's register office, the gardens are popular for wedding photographs. A subway exits the park under Park Lane into an underground car park and across to the Fairfield Halls: the gardens are regularly used as a route between the Council offices and the underpass.

The cancelled Park Place development featured proposals to radically alter the Queen's Gardens, with a more formal and modern planting style, an ice rink, space for performances and entrance into the Park Place shopping centre. The gardens remain part of the Croydon Vision 2020 regeneration plan.

After Taberner House was demolished in 2014–2015, the former site was redeveloped with completion expected in late 2021. The new housing created extended into the Queen's Gardens itself and there was some concern that the former urban ornamental park had effectively been absorbed into the new project for the use of the residents.

Gallery

See also
List of Parks and Open Spaces in Croydon
Croydon parks and open spaces

References

(1997) Hidden History in Croydon's Parks, Croydon Council

Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Croydon
Croydon 2020
Urban public parks in the United Kingdom
Maureen Macmillan

Maureen Macmillan (born 9 February 1943 in Oban) is a Scottish Labour Party politician. She was a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Highlands and Islands list from 1999 until 2007.

Prior to her election she worked as a teacher of English at Millburn Academy in Inverness and in a voluntary capacity with Ross-shire Women's Aid of which she was a founding member.  Apart from her work in her native Highlands, she is particularly credited as being the force behind the Protection from Abuse (Scotland) Act 2001 which extended protection of victims of domestic violence to unmarried couples.  The Bill was promoted by the then Scottish Parliament Justice and Home Affairs Committee and became the first Committee Bill ever to be enacted into law by the Scottish Parliament.

References

External links
 
Maureen MacMillan MSP profile at the site of Scottish Labour

1943 births
Living people
People from Oban
Scottish schoolteachers
Labour MSPs
Members of the Scottish Parliament 1999–2003
Members of the Scottish Parliament 2003–2007
Female members of the Scottish Parliament
20th-century Scottish women politicians
Tecumseh High School

Tecumseh High School can refer to:

Tecumseh High School (Indiana) in Lynnville, Indiana
Tecumseh High School (Michigan) in Tecumseh, Michigan
Tecumseh High School (Franklin Furnace, Ohio) 
Tecumseh High School (New Carlisle, Ohio) 
Tecumseh High School (Oklahoma) in Tecumseh, Oklahoma
Guanylate cyclase 2C

Guanylate cyclase 2C, also known as guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), intestinal guanylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase-C receptor, or the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor (hSTAR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GUCY2C gene.

Guanylyl cyclase is an enzyme found in the luminal aspect of intestinal epithelium and dopamine neurons in the brain.  The receptor has an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane region, a region with sequence similar to that of protein kinases, and a C-terminal guanylate cyclase domain.  Tyrosine kinase activity mediates the GC-C signaling pathway within the cell.

Functions
GC-C is a key receptor for heat-stable enterotoxins that are responsible for acute secretory diarrhea.  Heat-stable enterotoxins are produced by pathogens such as Escherichia coli.  Knockout mice deficient in the GC-C gene do not show secretory diarrhea on infection with E. coli, though they do with cholera toxin.  This demonstrates the specificity of the GC-C receptor.

In medicine
Guanylate cyclase 2C is the target of linaclotide and plecanatide, oligopeptide agonists used for the treatment of chronic constipation.

References

Further reading

External links
GCC testing for colorectal cancer staging
GC-C knock-out mice
 

EC 4.6.1
GC-C

GC-C may refer to:
 Guanylyl cyclase C, an enzyme
 Prodelphinidin B3 (Gallocatechin 4→8 catechin dimer), a condensed tannin
NGC 6751

NGC 6751, also known as the Glowing Eye Nebula, is a planetary nebula in the constellation Aquila. It is estimated to be about 6,500 light-years (2.0 kiloparsecs) away.

NGC 6751 was discovered by the astronomer Albert Marth on 20 July 1863. John Louis Emil Dreyer, the compiler of the New General Catalogue, described the object as "pretty bright, small". The object was assigned a duplicate designation, NGC 6748.

The nebula was the subject of the winning picture in the 2009 Gemini School Astronomy Contest, in which Australian high school students competed to select an astronomical target to be imaged by Gemini.

NGC 6751 is an easy telescopic target for deep-sky observers because its location is immediately southeast of the extremely red-colored cool carbon star V Aquilae.

Properties
NGC 6751, like all planetary nebulae was formed when a dying star threw off its outer layers of gas several thousand years ago. It is estimated to be around 0.8 light-years in diameter.

NGC 6751 has a complex bipolar structure. There is a bright, inner bubble (shown in the photo), as well as two fainter halos. (The outer halo, with a radius of 50 is extremely faint and is broken, while the inner halo with a radius of 27 is roughly spherical). On both the west and east sides of the inner shell, knots can be seen that are surrounded by faint "lobes". These lobes are actually a ring, and the eastern side is nearer than the western side. As a whole, the system is approaching the Solar System with a heliocentric radial velocity of −31.7 km/s.

The central star of the nebula has a similar spectrum to a Wolf–Rayet star (spectral type [WC4]), and has an effective temperature of about 140,000 K and a radius of about . It is losing mass at a rate of  per year, and its surface composition is mostly helium and carbon.

The winning image of the 2009 Gemini Astronomy Contest shows a nebula at the top left of NGC 6751. This 80 x 40 arcsec nebula was discovered in 1990 by Hua & Louise at the Newton focus of the Foucault telescope, 120cm in diameter at Observatoire de Haute Provence (O.H.P.) Saint Michel l'Observatoire.

See also
 List of planetary nebulae

References

External links
 
 
 NGC 6751 seds.org
 

Planetary nebulae
6751
Aquila (constellation)
177656
Tammouz

Tammouz may refer to:

Tammuz (deity), Babylonian and Sumerian god
Tammuz reactor, an Iraqi nuclear power plant
Tamouz (band), an Israeli band
Christine May

Christine May (born 23 March 1948, in Dublin) is a Scottish Labour Co-operative politician. She was the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Central Fife constituency from 2003 to 2007. 

Raised and educated in Dublin, Christine worked in the catering industry in Dublin and then London, and first moved to Scotland in 1984, where she became a college lecturer.

She was elected to the Central Fife seat after former First Minister Henry McLeish stood down as MSP following a scandal relating to the sub-letting of his constituency office – dubbed "Officegate" by the media. She had previously been leader of Fife Council from 1998. She represented a ward in Kirkcaldy as a councillor, and still lives in the town, which is just outside the Central Fife constituency. Her constituency office was based in Glenrothes, adjacent to Fife Council's headquarters.

In 2007, she lost her constituency to SNP politician Tricia Marwick.

References

External links 
 
 Christine May MSP personal site
 Christine May MSP profile at the site of Scottish Labour

1948 births
Living people
Labour Co-operative MSPs
Councillors in Fife
Members of the Scottish Parliament 2003–2007
Politicians from Dublin (city)
Female members of the Scottish Parliament
Scottish Labour councillors
People from Kirkcaldy
Women councillors in Scotland
West Bengal Board of Secondary Education

The West Bengal Board of Secondary Education is the West Bengal state government administered autonomous examining authority for the Standard 10 examination (or secondary school level examination) of West Bengal, India. It has come into force by the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education Act-1963.

See also
 West Bengal Board of Madrasah Education
 West Bengal Board of Primary Education
 West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education
 School Education Department, West Bengal

References

External links
 

Education in West Bengal
State secondary education boards of India
1951 establishments in West Bengal
Government agencies established in 1951
State agencies of West Bengal
Educational boards based in Kolkata
NGC 6781

NGC 6781 is a planetary nebula located in the equatorial constellation of Aquila, about 2.5° east-northeast of the 5th magnitude star 19 Aquilae. It was discovered July 30, 1788 by the Anglo-German astronomer William Herschel. The nebula lies at a distance of  from the Sun. It has a visual magnitude of 11.4 and spans an angular size of .

The bipolar dust shell of this nebula is believed to be barrel-shaped and is being viewed from nearly pole-on. It has an outer angular radius of ; equivalent to a physical radius of . The total mass of gas ejected as the central star passed through its last asymptotic giant branch (AGB) thermal pulse event is , while the estimated dust mass is .

The magnitude 16.88 central star of the planetary nebula is a white dwarf with a spectral type of DAO. It has an M-type co-moving companion at a projected separation of under . The white dwarf progenitor star had an estimated initial mass of . It left the AGB and entered the cooling stage around 9,400 years ago.

References

External links

Planetary nebulae
6781
Aquila (constellation)
The Sound of the Trio

The Sound of the Trio is a 1962 live album by the Oscar Peterson Trio, recorded in 1961 at the London House jazz club in Chicago.

Three other Oscar Peterson Trio albums were also released featuring music from the London House concerts: The Trio, Something Warm, and Put On a Happy Face. The complete  sessions were released in 1996 as The London House Sessions.

Track listing
Side One
"Tricrotism" (Originally Tricotism) (Oscar Pettiford) – 11:10
"On Green Dolphin Street" (Bronislaw Kaper, Ned Washington) – 8:55
Side Two
  "Thag's Dance" (Oscar Peterson) – 5:43
"Ill Wind" (Harold Arlen, Ted Koehler) – 5:36
"Kadota's Blues" (Peterson) – 11:15

2000 CD reissue bonus tracks
  "Scrapple from the Apple" (Charlie Parker) – 9:29
"Jim" (Caesar Petrillo, Milton Samuels, Nelson Shawn) – 9:13
"Band Call (Duke Ellington) – 7:47
"The Night We Called It a Day" (Tom Adair, Matt Dennis) – 5:08
"Billy Boy" (Traditional) – 2:35

Personnel
Oscar Peterson - piano
Ray Brown - double bass
Ed Thigpen - drums

References

Oscar Peterson live albums
Albums recorded at The London House, Chicago
Albums produced by Norman Granz
1962 live albums
Verve Records live albums
Steve Bell

Steve Bell may refer to:

 Steve Bell (news anchor) (1935–2019), first anchor of the ABC News program World News This Morning, previously reporter for WOWT-TV
 Steve Bell (cartoonist) (born 1951), English cartoonist
 Steve Bell (musician) (born 1960), Canadian musician
 Steve Bell (soccer) (born 1975), retired American soccer midfielder
 Steve Bell (Ackley Bridge), fictional character
 Steven Bell (born 1976), Australian rugby league player
 Steven Bell (footballer) (born 1985), Scottish footballer

See also
 Stephen Bell (1965–2001), English footballer
John Allen Nelson

John Allen Nelson is an American actor and screenwriter. He is best known for his roles on television as Warren Lockridge on Santa Barbara, John D. Cort on Baywatch, Walt Cummings in 24 and Silas Bunch in Crazy Ex-Girlfriend. He is also known for starring in the cult classic science fiction comedy horror  film Killer Klowns from Outer Space.

Career
Nelson portrayed original series character Warren Lockridge on the American soap opera Santa Barbara from August 1, 1984, to April 29, 1986. He starred as the title character in the low-budget 1987 comedy-fantasy Hunk where a nerd was transformed into a golden-tanned, muscular hunk after "leasing" his soul to the Devil.

Nelson co-starred with in the 1988 cult/sci-fi epic Killer Klowns from Outer Space.

Nelson co-starred (and later recurred) in the early seasons of the series Baywatch as "John D. Cort," a lifeguard who is ultimately forced to retire because of retinitis pigmentosa. Later, Nelson co-starred with fellow Baywatch alum Gena Lee Nolin in the syndicated Sheena, Queen of the Jungle.

Nelson also co-wrote the screenplay for the martial arts-yarn Best of the Best 2, which was released in 1993, as well as American Yakuza starring Viggo Mortensen.  The following year, in 1994, Nelson co-wrote and co-starred in the movie Criminal Passion which featured Joan Severance and Anthony Denison.

Nelson may be best known for his role as Walt Cummings in 24, or the role of Senator Jeffrey Collins in the 2006 Fox drama Vanished.

Nelson also appeared as Paul, Monica Geller's boyfriend (also known as "The Wine Guy") in the first episode of Friends. His most recent role was in a 2017 episode of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links 

American male television actors
Living people
American male soap opera actors
American male film actors
American television writers
American male television writers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Jing County

Jing County or Jingxian may refer to:

Jing County, Anhui (泾县), China
Jing County, Hebei (景县), China
Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County, formerly Jing County (靖县)
Jīngxiān, a class of Xian or immortals in Taoist lore.

See also
Jin County (disambiguation)
Jinxian County
Jinxiang (disambiguation)
Max Winkler

Max Winkler (7 September 1875 – 12 October 1961) was a politician and senior political appointee in the local government of West Prussia, the national government of the German Empire, the Nazi government of the German Reich, and the post-war government of West Germany.

Origins 

Born in Karrasch, Germany (now Karaś, Poland), Winkler came from a family of teachers.  As a teenager, he was working for the postal service by 1891.  By 1914 he was a city councillor in Graudenz, West Prussia (now Grudziądz, Poland), and by November 1918 was the last mayor of German Graudenz.  This portion of West Prussia was part of the Polish Corridor, ceded to the Second Republic of Poland, following World War I, to provide it access to the Baltic Sea.

From 1919 Winkler was a member of the Landtag in Prussia for the German Democratic Party, and between 1920 and 1933 served as Reich Trustee for Ceded German Areas.

German film 

As head of Cautio Treuhand GmbH, a German holding company, Winkler was trusted with the task of economically and culturally supporting ethnic German communities in other countries, and establishing the "fortification" of German minority newspapers. After Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Nazi Germany in 1933, Winkler was instrumental in the Gleichschaltung (bringing in line) of the press.

Winkler did not join the ruling Nazi Party until 1937. In the same year, the Führer named him "Reich Commissioner for the German Film Industry". In this function, by order of Joseph Goebbels's Propaganda Ministry, he decreed appointments and instructions which curtailed the industry's entrepreneurial freedom. This included the nationalization of controlling interests in all German film production companies, most importantly Universum Film AG and Tobis Film.  Winkler's Cautio holding company also financed the creation of Continental Films within occupied France, producer of 30 feature films between 1941 and 1944, for example The Murderer Lives at Number 21.

Between 1939 and 1945, Winkler was leader of the Main Trusteeship Office East (Haupttreuhandstelle Ost), responsible for the administration of seized industrial and property assets in Poland during World War II.

After World War II 

After the war, Winkler was held in an internment camp while the Denazification court in Lüneburg considered his fate. By 11 August 1949, the court had classified Winkler as "uncharged" and released him.  He then became a staffer at a film company. Under orders from the new West German government, Winkler was involved in the attempted Denazification of the Universum Film AG company—whose product was so associated with the Third Reich that reissues of its non-political catalogue were proving difficult to market.

Winkler died in 1961 in Düsseldorf.

References

External links
 

1875 births
1961 deaths
People from Iława County
People from the Province of Prussia
German Democratic Party politicians
Nazi Party politicians
Members of the Landtag of Prussia
Mayors of Grudziądz
German film producers
Menahem ben Solomon

Menahem ben Solomon ben Isaac was a rabbi and author of the Sekel Ṭob and the Eben Boḥan.

The presence of twenty-five Italian glosses in his works indicates that he lived in Italy. The Sekel Ṭob, written in 1139 at Rome, is a midrashic compilation on the Pentateuch. 
The substance of the old midrashim is quoted in smooth and ornate language, from which foreign words are excluded, the general method being that of Tobiah ben Eliezer's Leḳaḥ Ṭob, which is frequently quoted, both with and without acknowledgment.

Menahem's sources, in addition to the Targumim, are the whole of the earlier midrashic literature as well as the literature of geonic mysticism.  He interprets also halakic authors, especially Alfasi and R. Hananeel, explaining verses as well as single words literally, although he expressly states that the midrashic interpretation is deeper and more thorough. Sekel Ṭob is frequently quoted both for its exegesis and for its halakic decisions. In the Middle Ages it was still intact, but now only the portion from Gen. xv. 1 to Ex. xi. 2 (edited by Buber, Berlin, 1900) is in existence, in two separate manuscripts in the Bodleian Library.

Of Menahem's other work, the Eben Boḥan, only fragments are extant (Munich MS. No. 55). A part of it has been translated by Dukes, and it has been analyzed in detail by Bacher. This work, completed at Rome in 1143, in five months, was intended to prepare the author's three young sons for the study of the Bible. Menahem undertook to prepare for the first time in Hebrew a comprehensive manual of the Hebrew language and of Biblical exegesis. The work was divided into fifty parts; the first part, by far the largest and most valuable, was a dictionary of the Hebrew language; the other parts, now known only by their chapter-headings, dealt with grammar. The author follows chiefly Menahem ben Saruq; occasionally, and with diffidence, however, he advances his own views, and the entire conception of the form and contents of the work shows a certain degree of independence. It was intended, according to Bacher, to uphold Menahem b. Saruḳ's system against the teachings of Ḥayyuj and Ibn Janaḥ, introduced about that time (1143) into Italy by Abraham ibn Ezra.

Bibliography
Zunz, Z. G. pp. 71, 108;
Bacher, Die Hebr. Sprachwissenschaft (Winter and Wünsche, Die Jüdische Litteratur, ii. 185);
idem, Bibelexegese (ib. ii. 272);
idem, Einleitung zum Sechel Tob, pp. i., lx., Berlin, 1900;
Dukes, Kobeẓ 'al-Yad, part 1, Esslingen, 1846;
Kirchheim, in Orient, Lit. vii. 439;
Steinschneider, Hebr. Bibl. xvii. 28 et seq., 134 et seq.;
Bacher, "Der Prüfstein des Menahem b. Salomo", in Grätz Jubelschrift, pp. 94–115.

12th-century Italian rabbis
Rabbis from Rome
Medieval Hebraists
Waverly High School

Waverly High School may refer to:

United States
Waverly High School (Illinois), Waverly, Illinois
Waverly High School (Kansas), Waverly, Kansas
Waverly Senior High School, Lansing, Michigan
Waverly High School (Nebraska), Waverly, Nebraska
Waverly Junior and Senior High School, Waverly, Tioga County, New York
Waverly High School (Ohio), Waverly, Ohio
Waverly High School (South Dakota), Waverly, Codington County, South Dakota
Waverly Central High School, Waverly, Tennessee

Elsewhere
Waverley High School, Australia, Glen Waverley, Melbourne, Australia
Waverley High School, New Zealand, Taranaki Region, New Zealand

See also
New Waverly High School, New Waverly, Texas
Waverly-Shell Rock Senior High School, Waverly, Iowa
Howard Lake-Waverly-Winsted High School, Howard Lake, Minnesota
Asphodel Meadows

In Greek mythology, the Asphodel Meadows or Asphodel Fields () was a section of the ancient Greek underworld where the majority of ordinary souls were sent to live after death. It was one of the three main divisions of the underworld along with Elysium, where righteous souls were granted eternal reward, and Tartarus, where vicious souls were granted eternal punishment. In his Odyssey, Homer locates the Fields of Asphodel close to the Land of dreams. He further refers to them as the dwelling place of the spirits of men who have abandoned their earthly labors.

Name 
The name of the land, inspired by the plant Asphodelus, appears in the literature as far back as Homer's Odyssey, where it features in Odysseus’ survey of the underworld. Many ancient Greek poets and Homeric commentators understand the adjective asphodelòs to mean 'flowery', 'fragrant', or 'fertile'.  According to others, the unattractive plant was chosen by the Greeks because of its ghostly gray colour which is appropriate to the shadowy atmosphere of the underworld. A different proposal explains the name of the land as 'field of ashes' basing it on sphodelos or spodelos, an alternative version of the name that could be related to "σποδός", spodós ('ashes', 'embers').

Later depictions
The Asphodel Meadows is most probably where the souls of people who lived mediocre lives remain. Its relationship to other places in the Greek afterlife remains uncertain.

For later Greek poets the very ancient pre-Homeric association of the asphodel flower with a positive form of afterlife as well as the enlarged role of Elysium as it became the destination of more than just a few lucky heroes, altered the character of the meadows. Greek poets who wrote after Homer's time describe them as untouched, lovely, soft and holy. Such an evolutionary change is quite common: "Like most cultures throughout human history, both ancient and modern, the Greeks held complex and sometimes contradictory views about the afterlife".

Some depictions describe it as a land of utter neutrality. That is, while the inhabitants were in life neither good nor evil, so they are treated in the afterlife. Other depictions have also stated that all residents drink from the river Lethe before entering the fields, thus losing their identities. This somewhat negative outlook on the afterlife for those who make little impact was perhaps passed down to encourage militarism in Greek cultures (as opposed to inaction). In fact, those who did take up arms and became heroes were rewarded with everlasting joy in the fields of Elysium.

Edith Hamilton suggested in 1999 that the asphodel of these fields are not exactly like the asphodel of our world, but are "presumably strange, pallid, ghostly flowers." Others have suggested, in 2002, that they were actually narcissi.

References

Works cited
 

Afterlife places
Locations in the Greek underworld
Mundell–Tobin effect

The Mundell–Tobin effect suggests that nominal interest rates would rise less than one-for-one with inflation because in response to inflation the public would hold less in money balances and more in other assets, which would drive interest rates down. In other words, an increase in the exogenous growth rate of money increases the nominal interest rate and velocity of money, but decreases the real interest rate. The importance of the Mundell–Tobin effect is in that it appears as a deviation from the classical dichotomy. Robert Mundell was the first to show expected inflation has real economic effects. A similar argument was introduced by economist James Tobin.

See also
Solow–Swan model

References

Inflation
V16

V16  may refer to:

Aircraft 
 Fokker V.16, a German experimental aircraft
 Mil V-16, a Soviet helicopter
 McDonnell Douglas AV-16, a proposed ground-attack aircraft

Other uses 
 Cadillac V-16, an American car
 V16 engine, a sixteen-cylinder engine
 V16 warning beacon lights
 V16, a grade in bouldering
 V16, a family history of malignant neoplasm, in the ICD-9 V codes
Franz Ittenbach

Franz Ittenbach (18 April 1813, Königswinter – 1 December 1879, Düsseldorf) was a German religious painter, in the Nazarene style, associated with the Düsseldorfer Malerschule.

Life and work

Ittenbach began his art education as a student of Kaufmann, then left to study under  in Cologne. In 1832, Ittenbach became a pupil, at the age of 19, of the Düsseldorf Academy, where he also received private lessons from its president, Schadow. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. He was a member of the Nazarene movement and associated himself mainly with three of his friends and fellow-students: Karl Müller and Andreas Müller, and Ernst Deger. The four men travelled about in Germany, studying and painting together. From 1839 to 1842, Ittenbach lived in Italy.  On his return, he stayed in Munich for some time.  In 1849, he returned to Düsseldorf.  He died there in 1879.  From 1859 until his death, he was a member of the artists' club "Malkasten".

Ittenbach was exceedingly religious and persistently declined any commissions for mythological or pagan subjects. As a rule, he devoted his energies exclusively to church decoration. He would precede the execution of his greatest works with devout religious exercises, including confession and communion.

His finest paintings are said to be found at Bonn, in the St. Remigius, and in Breslau in a church dedicated to the same saint. There is also a remarkable "Holy Family" dated 1861, painted for Prince Liechtenstein in his private chapel near Vienna. Most of his other works can be found in various Catholic churches in Germany. His only important fresco was painted in 1844 in a church at Remagen.

Ittenbach was a popular painter in court circles, a member of most of the European academies, and the recipient of many medals and decorations. He painted a few portraits, although his main work was his altar-pieces.

References

Further reading

External links

1813 births
1879 deaths
People from Königswinter
19th-century German painters
19th-century German male artists
German male painters
German romantic painters
Catholic painters
Nazarene painters
Fresco painters
Kunstakademie Düsseldorf alumni
Romantic painters
Düsseldorf school of painting
Yabloko-United Democrats

The Yabloko — United Democrats (; Yabloko — Obyedinonnyye demokraty) was a coalition between Yabloko party and the Union of Right Forces formed for the Moscow municipal elections on December 4, 2005.

During the campaign, the coalition declared its opposition to the policies of President Vladimir Putin and called for the restoration of political and media freedoms, curtailed by the Putin administration. Yabloko-United Democrats won 11% of the vote and became one of only three parties (along with United Russia and the Communist Party) to enter the new Moscow City Duma. Its deputies in the Duma are Yevgeny Bunimovich (Yabloko), Sergei Mitrokhin (Yabloko) and Ivan Novitsky (Union of Right Forces).

Electoral results

Moscow City Duma elections 

2005 establishments in Russia
Defunct political party alliances in Russia
Liberal parties in Russia
Union of Right Forces
Yabloko
Seilbahn Zugspitze

The Seilbahn Zugspitze is an aerial tramway running from the Eibsee Lake to the top of Zugspitze in Bavaria, Germany. It  holds the world record for the longest freespan in a cable car at  as well as the tallest lattice steel aerial tramway support tower in the world at . Construction of the system began in 2015 and it opened on 22 December 2017.

This cable car replaced the original Eibsee Cable Car which closed on 2 April 2017 leaving no service for eight and a half months (access to Zugspitze was still possible via the rack railway and the Gletscherbahn Cable Car).

History 

The original Eibsee Cable Car, which opened in 1963, was a cable car which connected the lower station ( above sea level) near lake Eibsee  with the top station at  above sea level next to the summit of Zugspitze, Germany's highest mountain on the border to Austria.

The cable car from Lake Eibsee was built to provide a faster access to the Zugspitze from its German side, as the rack railway from Garmisch-Partenkirchen does not go directly to the summit and takes much longer. Both the original Eibsee Cable Car and its replacement Seilbahn Zugspitze belong to Bayerische Zugspitzbahn Bergbahn AG, the company operating the rack railway and most cable cars, gondola lifts and chairlifts in the Garmisch-Partenkirchen area. It is thus possible to make round trips using both the rack railway and the cable car. On the Austrian side, there is the Tyrolean Zugspitze Cable Car which starts at Ehrwald and meets the Seilbahn Zugspitze at the top.

Technical 

The technical details of the Eibsee Cable Car and the replacement Seilbahn Zugspitze are summarised in the following table.

Incidents 

On 12 September 2018, during an emergency training exercise, the chain of the chain hoist used to lower the rescue vehicle onto the running ropes broke dropping the vehicle onto the ropes before the hoisting rope could be attached. Consequently, the rescue vehicle ran down the ropes unrestrained into the passenger gondola that was approximately  below the mountain station. As both the rescue vehicle and the gondola were empty during the exercise, nobody was hurt. The gondola was damaged beyond repair (there is no information on the fate of the rescue vehicle, but there is no indication that a replacement is required).

The tramway remained closed until a replacement gondola was available. It reopened on 21 December 2018. It is not possible to operate the system with one gondola as each gondola counter-balances the other. Installing a temporary counter-weight would necessitate recertification of the system. This was a previously unknown failure scenario and has required other similar aerial tramway systems to review their safety assessments. In particular: to devise a method by which the rescue vehicle is restrained while being lowered onto the running ropes rather than afterwards.

See also 
 Bavarian Zugspitze Railway

References

External links
 Description and pictures on Seilbahngeschichte.de (German)
 
 

Cable cars in Germany
1963 establishments in Germany
Gant-Hohtälli Cable Car

The Gant-Hohtälli Aerial Tramway is a large-cab cable car near Zermatt, Switzerland. It is  long and spans an elevation of some . This cable car is notable in that it runs over the tallest aerial lift pylon in Switzerland, with a height of .

External links
Seilbahnen.org website (German)
The Gant-Hohtälli tramway pillar
 

Cable cars in Switzerland
Transport in Zermatt
Mary Mulligan

Mary Mulligan (born 12 February 1960, Liverpool) is a Scottish Labour Party politician, and formerly Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Linlithgow constituency from 1999 to 2011. She lost her seat to the Scottish National Party's Fiona Hyslop in the 2011 Scottish Parliament election.

She was appointed Deputy Minister for Health and Community Care upon Jack McConnell becoming First Minister in 2001. After the reshuffle following the 2003 election she became Deputy Minister for Communities. She resigned from this position in October 2004 in order to concentrate on preventing St John's Hospital in Livingston being downgraded. This hospital served many of her constituents. Nevertheless, services were cut from the hospital as planned.

Mulligan was Labour's Shadow Minister for Housing and Communities. She was a member of the Scottish Parliament Local Government and Communities Committee.

References

External links 
 
Mary Mulligan MSP Official Website
Mary Mulligan profile at the site of Scottish Labour

1960 births
Living people
Politicians from Liverpool
Labour MSPs
Members of the Scottish Parliament 1999–2003
Members of the Scottish Parliament 2003–2007
Members of the Scottish Parliament 2007–2011
Ministers of the Scottish Government
Women members of the Scottish Government
20th-century Scottish women politicians
Wayne High School

Wayne High School can refer to:

Wayne High School (Indiana) in Fort Wayne, Indiana
Wayne High School (Nebraska) in Wayne, Nebraska
Wayne High School (New York) in Ontario Center, New York
Wayne High School (Ohio) in Huber Heights, Ohio
Wayne High School (West Virginia) in Wayne, West Virginia
Wayne High School (Utah) in Bicknell, Utah
Wayne County High School (Georgia) in Jesup, Georgia
Wayne County High School (Kentucky) in Monticello, Kentucky
Wayne County High School (Mississippi) in Waynesboro, Mississippi
Wayne Memorial High School in Wayne, Michigan
Sonatina (Bartók)

Sonatina, Sz. 55, BB. 69 is a piece for solo piano written in 1915 by Hungarian composer Béla Bartók. Initially entitled Sonatina on Romanian folk tunes, it is based on folk tunes Bartók collected in his neighbour country Romania, which, even though he proclaimed Hungarian folk music was clearly superior, was a direct source of inspiration all along his active years.

Structure 

This sonatina consists of three movements and, according to Bartók's notes, takes 3 minutes 47 seconds to perform:

Though Bartók arranged it in three movements, the piece actually consists of five different folk tunes: he used two in the first movement, in an ABA form, and two in the last movement, which he then combines snatches of in the coda.  In a radio broadcast of the Sonatina in 1944, Bartók described the piece:
This sonatina was originally conceived as a group of Rumanian folk dances for piano. The three parts which Mrs. Bartók will play were selected from a group and given the title of Sonatina. The first movement, which is called "Bagpipers", is a dance – these are two dances played by two bagpipe players, the first by one and the second by another. The second movement is called "Bear Dance" – this was played for me by a peasant violinist on the G and D string, on the lower strings in order to have it more similar to a bear’s voice. Generally the violin players use the E string. And the last movement contains also two folk melodies played by peasant violin players.

Bartók arranged this piece for orchestra sixteen years later. He called the orchestral version Transylvanian Dances, Sz. 96, BB 102.

Notable recordings 

Notable recordings of this composition include:

References

External links 

Compositions by Béla Bartók
Bartok
1915 compositions
Rawlins Cross, St. John's

Rawlins Cross (also Rawlin's), formed by the intersection of Prescott and Flavin Streets, Monkstown, Rennies Mill, Queens, and Military Roads, is a well known St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador landmark. Military Road, built in 1773, was one of the first roads in this area that joined Fort William with Fort Townsend. Monkstown Road (formerly Georgetown Road) was built in the early 19th century and Prescott Street around 1840. It is on the edge of Monkstown, which is part of the Georgetown Improvement Area and Downtown St. John's.

Rawlins Cross takes its name from the Rawlins family who had a grocery store there from at least 1864. Another early business was grocer, James G Pennicuick. T J Eden later had a grocery business in Rawlins Cross, which was bought out by W J Murphy in 1919, as well as  O'Mara-Martin Drugs, established in 1892. W J Murphy had initially worked in the drugstore, and T J Eden's before establishing a grocery store nearby at the top of Prescott Street. 

It was the site of the first traffic light for the city that was manually operated by a police constable. A commemorative plaque for the St. John's Electric Light Company is located at Rawlins Cross, although the business was established on nearby Flavin Street in 1885.

The popular Newfoundland Celtic Rock band, Rawlins Cross, formed in 1988, takes its name from this St. John's landmark.

References

Neighbourhoods in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
History of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Sydney John Smith

Sydney John Smith,  (September 23, 1892 - July 15, 1976), was a Canadian politician, farmer, rancher and businessman who served as Speaker of the Senate of Canada from 1966 to 1968.

Life and work
Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Smith was educated at Lisgar Collegiate Institute before moving to Saskatchewan with his family. He studied at New York University through correspondence courses and played football with the Regina Roughriders as well as working as an automobile salesman.

He eventually settled in Gull Lake, Saskatchewan where he became an alderman and then mayor from 1921 to 1925.

Smith attempted to win a seat in the Saskatchewan legislature as a Liberal in 1934 but was defeated.

He then moved to Kamloops, British Columbia where he raised cattle and grew hops as well as involving himself in selling automobile sales and heavy equipment. He organized several businesses, Sydney Smith Ltd., Sydney Smith U Drive Ltd., Sydmar Estates Ltd., and the Highway Equipment Co. Ltd., among others, and held a number of directorships in other firms.

In 1951 and 1952 he was chairman of the British Columbia Hospital Insurance Inquiry Board.

Smith entered British Columbia politics in the 1949 provincial election and was elected as MLA for the Kamloops riding for the British Columbia Liberal Party (then in a coalition with the Conservative Party) but was defeated after one term with much of the rest of the Coalition caucus (his successor in the Kamloops seat was Phil Gaglardi, part of what would become the new Social Credit cabinet). He served as president of the British Columbia Liberal Association from 1953 to 1959 and was summoned to the Senate on January 3, 1957, on the advice of Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent.

He was appointed Speaker of the upper house in early 1966 on the advice of Lester Pearson and served for two years. He stepped down as Speaker in September 1968 and then resigned from the Senate on December 31 due to ill health.

He died in Victoria, British Columbia in 1976.

References

1892 births
1976 deaths
Businesspeople from Ottawa
BC United MLAs
Politicians from Ottawa
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Members of the United Church of Canada
Speakers of the Senate of Canada
Canadian senators from British Columbia
20th-century Canadian businesspeople
Brigham Young University Centennial Carillon Tower

The BYU Centennial Carillon is a bell tower containing a carillon on the campus of Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah, United States.

Description
The bell tower was dedicated in October 1975 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the school's founding. Built in a simple, modern style designed by architect Fred L. Markham, it is  tall with 99 steps up a spiral stair case and 11 steps up a ladder to the carillon. The carillon contains 52 bells and the bells range in size from 25 lbs to 4,730 lbs. 

The carillon tolls a tune based on the hymn "Come, Come, Ye Saints," followed by the hour, and tolls a chime on the half-hour. The hour and half-hour strikes are controlled by an automated system. Carillonneurs may also play the instrument by means of a keyboard located directly below the belfry, in a small room reached by a spiral staircase that ascends through the center of the tower.

The carillon was constructed by Paulsen Construction Company with Markham & Markham Architects and Engineers doing the design work. BYU is owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and its carillon is the only such instrument the church owns. LDS churches rarely feature bell towers, and the only temple to contain even a single bell is the Nauvoo Illinois Temple.

See also
 List of carillons in the United States

References

External links

Towers completed in 1975
Brigham Young University buildings
Bell towers in the United States
Carillons
Tourist attractions in Provo, Utah
1975 establishments in Utah
West Point High School

West Point High School can refer to:

West Point High School (Alabama) in Cullman, Alabama
West Point High School (Arizona) in Tolleson, Arizona
West Point High School (Mississippi) in West Point, Mississippi
West Point High School (Nebraska) in West Point, Nebraska
West Point High School (Virginia) in West Point, Virginia
V20

V20 or V-20 may refer to:

Aircraft 
 Fokker V.20, a Dutch experimental aircraft
 LFG V 20, a German seaplane
 Pilatus UV-20A Chiricahua, an American utility transport aircraft

Automobiles 
 Lexus ES (V20), a Japanese executive car
 Toyota Camry (V20), a Japanese sedan

Electronics 
 Canon V-20, a MSX microcomputer
 NEC V20, a microprocessor
 LG V20, a smartphone

Other uses 
 ATC code V20 Surgical dressings, a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
 V20 engine, an engine with twenty cylinders
 V20, health supervision of infant or child, in the ICD-9 V codes
 Vulnerably Twenty, a bloc of the Climate Vulnerable Forum