alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Witt's theorem

"Witt's theorem" or "the Witt theorem" may also refer to the Bourbaki–Witt fixed point theorem of order theory.

In mathematics, Witt's theorem, named after Ernst Witt, is a basic result in the algebraic theory of quadratic forms:  any isometry between two subspaces of a nonsingular quadratic space over a field k may be extended to an isometry of the whole space.  An analogous statement holds also for skew-symmetric, Hermitian and skew-Hermitian bilinear forms over arbitrary fields. The theorem applies to classification of quadratic forms over k and in particular allows one to define the Witt group W(k) which describes the "stable" theory of quadratic forms over the field k.

Statement 

Let  be a finite-dimensional vector space over a field k of characteristic different from 2 together with a non-degenerate symmetric or skew-symmetric bilinear form. If {{nowrap|f : U → ''U}} is an isometry between two subspaces of V then f extends to an isometry of V.

Witt's theorem implies that the dimension of a maximal totally isotropic subspace (null space) of V is an invariant, called the index or  of b, and moreover, that the isometry group of  acts transitively on the set of maximal isotropic subspaces. This fact plays an important role in the structure theory and representation theory of the isometry group and in the theory of reductive dual pairs.

 Witt's cancellation theorem 

Let , ,  be three quadratic spaces over a field k. Assume that

 

Then the quadratic spaces  and  are isometric:

 

In other words, the direct summand  appearing in both sides  of an isomorphism between quadratic spaces may be "cancelled".

 Witt's decomposition theorem 

Let  be a quadratic space over a field k. Then
it admits a Witt decomposition:

 

where  is the radical of q,  is an anisotropic quadratic space and  is a split quadratic space. Moreover, the anisotropic summand, termed the core form, and the hyperbolic summand in a Witt decomposition of  are determined uniquely up to isomorphism.

Quadratic forms with the same core form are said to be similar or Witt equivalent'''.

Citations

References 
 Emil Artin (1957) Geometric Algebra, page 121 via Internet Archive
 
 

 

Theorems in linear algebra
Quadratic forms
Punk Goes Pop

Punk Goes Pop is the second album in the Punk Goes... series and the first installment in the long running Punk Goes Pop series created by Fearless Records. It contains a collection of songs by various artists performing covers of pop songs. It was released on April 2, 2002. Its success caused Fearless to release more pop cover albums.  there have been seven total Punk Goes Pop albums, more than any other in the franchise.

Track listing

References

Covers albums
Punk Goes series
2002 compilation albums
Rhufoniog

Rhufoniog was a small sub-kingdom of the Dark Ages Gwynedd, and later a cantref in medieval Wales.

Geography 
The cantref Rhos lay between it and the Irish Sea.  Sometimes the two cantrefi were linked together as "Rhos and Rhufeiniog", which roughly corresponds to the territory of the old county of Denbighshire. The rivers Elwy, Clwyd and Clywedog formed a natural border to the north and east.  As today, the countryside was bleak and isolated.

There were three commotes in Rhufoniog, namely Upper Aled, Lower Aled and River Aled as a border between them, and the commote Ceinmerch (also known as 'Cymeirch' or 'Ystrad') in the north-east between the River Lliwen and the River Clywedog.

History 

The early history of the cantref is unclear.  According to tradition, it was ruled by its eponymous founder Rhufon, the third son of the first King of Gwynedd, Cunedda, and his direct descendants from the year 445 until the year 540 when it was probably absorbed back into direct control of Gwynedd proper.

It formed part of the territory of the Deceangli during the Roman occupation of Wales.  Later, much of the land belonged to the bishops of Bangor and Llanelwy.  By the Middle Ages, Denbigh was its capital.  The cantref was given to the prince Dafydd ap Gruffudd in 1277, then on his death five years later, it was given to Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln.  It was merged with the cantref Rhos to form the Lordship of Denbigh.

Today most of the area now lies in Denbighshire, with the western parts in Conwy.

See also 
Moreith ap Aidan
Perfeddwlad

References 
 The History Files: Post-Roman Celtic Kingdoms: Rhufoniog

Cantrefs
Commotes of Gwynedd
Kingdoms of Wales
5th century in Wales
6th century in Wales
445 establishments
States and territories established in the 440s
540 disestablishments
States and territories disestablished in the 6th century
The Complete In a Silent Way Sessions

The Complete In a Silent Way Sessions is a three-disc box set by trumpeter Miles Davis released by Legacy Records, (Mosaic Records in conjunction with Legacy released the 5 LP set) featuring recordings from the sessions that would produce his 1969 album In a Silent Way as well as transitional pieces from the era. Besides two tracks previously released on the 1968 album Filles de Kilimanjaro, the set also includes material for Columbia outtake compilations Water Babies, Circle in the Round, and Directions. The  box set features previously unreleased music, mostly from the In a Silent Way sessions proper. As well as the CDs, it includes essays by Michael Cuscuna and Bob Belden and details of the recording sessions. It is number five in the Legacy series of Miles Davis' Complete Sessions box sets.

It includes several previously unreleased tracks on CD, namely "Splashdown", "The Ghetto Walk" and "Early Minor", plus a longer, much different version of "Shhh/Peaceful" and two "In a Silent Way" alternate takes.

Track listing 
All tracks composed by Miles Davis, except where noted.

Personnel

Musicians 
 Miles Davis – trumpet
 Wayne Shorter – tenor saxophone (Disc 1: All), soprano saxophone
 John McLaughlin – electric guitar (Disc 2: Tracks 4–7; Disc 3: All)
 Chick Corea – electric piano
 Herbie Hancock – electric piano
 Joe Zawinul – organ (Disc 2; Disc 3)
 Dave Holland – double bass
 Tony Williams – drums
 Jack DeJohnette – drums (Disc 2: Tracks 1–3)
 Joe Chambers – drums (Disc 3: Tracks 1 and 2)

Charts

References

Miles Davis compilation albums
2001 compilation albums
Columbia Records compilation albums
Albums recorded at CBS 30th Street Studio
Ghada Jamshir

Ghada Jamshir () is a Bahraini women's rights activist and an ardent campaigner for the reform of Sharia courts in Bahrain and the Arab States of the Persian Gulf. Jamshir heads the Women's Petition Committee lobbying for a law that would shift jurisdiction over family and women's affairs from Islamic Sharia court to civil courts.

Jamshir has called the Al Khalifa government's reforms "artificial and marginal". In a statement in December 2006 she said,

Jamshir has been outspoken in criticizing the Bahraini government for its role in the Bandargate scandal. In 2007 she alleged that the Interior Ministry was attempting to spy on her.

Backlash by the government
In 2005, the Bahraini government brought three criminal charges against Jamshir for allegedly publicly defaming the Islamic family court judiciary, and faced a jail sentence of up to 15 years. These charges were eventually dropped on 19 June 2005.

Since 2006, Ghada Jamsheer has been under permanent surveillance, there is a 24-hour presence of plainclothes public security officials of the Ministry of the Interior outside her home.

After her criticism of government policies, Bahrain authorities ordered the local media and press to prevent the publication of any news relating to Jamshir. The order came from the Royal Court, through its minister Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmed Al Khalifa. Jamshir also claims that the Minister of the Royal Court gave her a direct threat demanding that she end her public work, after which the regime attempted to install a spy camera in her house, bugged her telephone, and sent individuals to bribe and blackmail her.

In 2006, Time magazine identified Jamshir as one of four heroes of freedom in the Arab world, and Forbes magazine selected her as one of the ten most powerful and effective women in the Arab world.

See also 
Human rights in Bahrain
Women's political rights in Bahrain

References

External links
Ghada Jamsheer's blog
Women's Petition Committee: Appointment of Sharia Judges as political gifts for religious groups 
 Bahrain: Courts Try to Silence Women’s Rights Activist , Human Rights Watch, 2 June 2005
Ghada Jamshir interview
Article on Ghada Jamshir
transcript of interview with Ghada Jamshir
Bahraini women demand unified civil status law

Muslim reformers
Bahraini activists
Bahraini women activists
Bahraini dissidents
Bahraini Muslims
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Bahraini people of Iranian descent
Renata

Renata is a feminine given name of European origin, and a New Zealand surname.

The name is of Latin origin, cf. Renatus. It is a common female name in the Czech Republic, Croatia, Lithuania, Poland and Slovakia.

The cognate names include Renée and Renate.

Notable people with the given name Renata include:

 Renata Adler (born 1938), American author, journalist and film critic
 Renata Alt (born 1965), Slovenian born German politician
 Renata Beger (born 1958), Polish politician
 Renata Berková (born 1975), Czech triathlon athlete
 Renata Borgatti (1894–1964), concert pianist
 Renata Burgos (born 1982), Brazilian swimmer
 Renata Dancewicz (born 1969), Polish actress
 Renata Fast (born 1994), Canadian hockey player
 Renáta Fučíková (born 1964), Czech book illustrator, artist and author of children's books
 Renata Jaworska (born 1979), Polish artist
 Renata Katewicz (born 1965), Polish discus thrower
 Renata Kallosh (born 1943), Ukrainian-American theoretical physicist
 Renata Končić (born 1977), Croatian singer
 Renata Nielsen (born 1966), Danish long jumper
 Renata Przemyk (born 1966), Polish singer-songwriter
 Renata Ruiz (born 1984), Chilean model 
 Renata Salecl (born 1962), Slovene philosopher, sociologist and legal theorist
 Renata Scotto (1934–2023), Italian soprano and opera director
 Renata Soñé, Dominican Republic beauty queen and actress
 Renata Strašek (born 1972), Slovenian javelin thrower
 Renata Tebaldi (1922–2004), Italian opera singer
 Renáta Tolvai (born 1991), Romanian Hungarian singer, dancer and model
 Renata Voráčová (born 1983), Czech tennis player
 Renata Wentzcovitch, Brazilian condensed matter physicist
 Cecilia Renata of Austria (1611–1644), Archduchess, daughter of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor

With a completely different origin, the name "Renata" is a New Zealand Maori transliteration of the name "Leonard", and is a male's name.

Notable people with the surname Renata include:

 Trent Renata (born 1988), New Zealand rugby player

Italian feminine given names
Croatian feminine given names
Czech feminine given names
Hungarian feminine given names      
Polish feminine given names
Feminine given names
Slovene feminine given names
Hyde Street Pier

The Hyde Street Pier, at 2905 Hyde Street, is a historic ferry pier located on the northern waterfront of San Francisco in the U.S. state of California.

Background
Prior to the opening of the Golden Gate Bridge and the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, it was the principal automobile ferry terminal connecting San Francisco with Marin County by way of Sausalito to the north, and the East Bay by way of Berkeley. It was designated part of U.S. Route 101 and U.S. Route 40. The ferries began operation by the Golden Gate Ferry Company. In early-1929, the Golden Gate Ferry Company merged with the competing auto ferry system of the Southern Pacific railroad, with ferry service to the Hyde Street Pier taken over by the new "Southern Pacific-Golden Gate Ferries, Ltd." starting on May 1, 1929.

The pier is part of the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park. Various historical ships are moored to the pier, some available for self-guided or docent-led tours. Among the ships on display or in storage are the Balclutha, an 1886 square rigged sailing ship, as well as C.A. Thayer, Eureka, Alma, Hercules, Eppleton Hall, and over one hundred smaller craft. In 2023, the Hōkūleʻa, a Polynesian double-hulled voyaging canoe, docked here as part of its Moananuiakea voyage, the circumnavigation of the Pacific Ocean.

References

External links

Photo of the Hyde Street Pier in the 1930s, SFPL.
Photo of the Hyde Street Pier 1931, NPS

Ferry terminals in the San Francisco Bay Area
Piers in San Francisco
Lincoln Highway
Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco
U.S. Route 101
U.S. Route 40
Godavari-class frigate

The Godavari-class frigates (formerly Type 16 or Project 16 frigates) were guided-missile frigates of the Indian Navy. The Godavari class was the first significant indigenous warship design and development initiative of the Indian Navy. Its design is a modification of the  with a focus on indigenous content of 72%, a larger hull and updated armaments. The class and the lead ship,  were named after the Godavari River. Subsequent ships in the class,  and  also took their names from Indian rivers.

INS Gomati was the first Indian Navy vessel to have digital electronics in her combat data system. The ships combined Indian, Russian and Western weapons systems.

History
The concept for the Godavari class originated from the lessons learnt in the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971. There was a need for a ship unique to Indian requirements, for deploying a hybrid of indigenously-designed, as well as Russian and European weapons systems. The keel of the lead ship INS Godavari was laid in 1978 at Mazagon Dock Limited in Bombay. She was commissioned in December 1983.

One of the requirements was to deploy two Sea King helicopters from the ship. The Nilgiri-class vessels were too small for this requirement. The final design incorporated a larger hull in order to accommodate this. INS Godavari was decommissioned on 23 December 2015, and her Barak 1 surface-to-air missile will be installed on the flagship . INS Ganga was retired from active service on 28 May 2017, and was decommissioned on 22 March 2018. The last ship of its class, INS Gomati, was decommissioned on 15 May 2022 after 34 years of service.

Design
Although the Directorate of Marine Engineering suggested replacing steam propulsion with gas turbines, it was decided not to do so, since Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited had made heavy investments in facilities and tooling for design of steam turbines and auxiliary systems.

For armaments, the missile and gun package of the Soviet  was installed on the frigate.

Ships of the class

Upgrades
All three ships later underwent an extensive upgrade of weapons and sensors. These include the fitment of the Israeli Barak SAM system, and a new fire control system based on the EL/M-2221 STGR. The P-20 missiles have been retained for now.

Gallery

See also
 List of naval ship classes in service

References

 
Frigate classes
Ships built in India
David Samuels (political scientist)

David Julian Samuels is an American political scientist who is the Distinguished McKnight University Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota.

Samuels earned his BA from Swarthmore College in 1989 and his Ph.D. from the University of California, San Diego in 1998. He joined the faculty of the University of Minnesota in 1998, and was named full professor in 2010. He was awarded a Distinguished McKnight University Professorship in 2012.

Samuels specializes in comparative politics and Brazilian politics. He is the author of Ambition, Federalism, and Legislative Politics in Brazil (Cambridge University Press, 2003) and "Separation of Powers" in the Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics. He has published articles in many of the field's top academic journals, and his work has been cited over 2,600 times. Samuels is co-editor with Ben Ansell and Dawn Teele of Comparative Political Studies.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Minnesota faculty
Swarthmore College alumni
University of California, San Diego alumni
American political scientists
List of municipalities in the state of São Paulo by population

The IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) published the resident population chart of 2010 Brazil Census.

IBGE also published on 2019 the estimate resident population with reference date 1 July 2019.

The following list of municipalities  in the state of São Paulo is compiled from these charts.

The list is sorted by "2019 (estimate)" column. On the "Population 2010" column, some municipalities are not in decreasing sequence.

List

See also
 List of cities in São Paulo

References 

Sao Paulo
Timothy Reuter

Timothy Alan Reuter (25 January 1947 – 14 October 2002), grandson of the former mayor of Berlin Ernst Reuter, was a German-British historian who specialized in the study of medieval Germany, particularly the social, military and ecclesiastical institutions of the Ottonian and Salian periods (10th–12th centuries).

Reuter received his D.Phil. from Oxford in medieval history under the supervision of Karl Leyser (d. 1992), another leading Anglophone scholar of German history. After a brief stint lecturing at the University of Exeter, Reuter spent more than a decade as a Mitarbeiter (academic staff member) at the Monumenta Germaniae Historica in Munich, where he worked on editing the letters of the twelfth-century abbot Wibald of Corvey and (with Dr. Gabriel Silagi) produced the database for a concordance to the work of the medieval canonist Gratian.

In 1994, Reuter was appointed to a professorship at the University of Southampton, where he remained until his death in 2002. At Southampton, he headed a number of educational and research initiatives that promoted medieval history and scholarship.

In addition Reuter served as a liaison between the worlds of Anglo-American and German medieval studies. Among his contributions in this area were numerous book reviews in German and British publications, a translation of Gerd Tellenbach's monograph on the history of the church in the High Middle Ages (The Church in Western Europe from the tenth to the early twelfth century, Cambridge, 1993) and the posthumous editing and publishing of his mentor Karl Leyser's papers (Communications and Power in Medieval Europe, 2 vols., Hambledon & London, 1992). His own monograph, Germany in the Early Middle Ages, 800-1056 (Harlow, Essex & New York, 1991) remains a standard English-language survey of the subject.

At the time of his death of brain cancer, Reuter was working on a history of the medieval episcopacy.  His collected papers are posthumously published as Medieval Polities and Modern Mentalities (Cambridge, 2006).

The collection Challenging the Boundaries of Medieval History: The Legacy of Timothy Reuter, edited by Patricia Skinner, was published in 2009 as volume 22 in the University of York Studies in the Early Middle Ages (Brepols, Turnhout, Belgium).

Main works

References

External links 
Obituary for Timothy Reuter by fellow-medievalist Janet L. Nelson

1947 births
2002 deaths
Academics of the University of Southampton
20th-century German historians
German male non-fiction writers
20th-century British historians
Sour Punch

Sour Punch is a brand of sour candy, manufactured by American Licorice Company. It was one of the first brands to enter the sour candy market in the 1990s. The product is sold in five forms: Straws, Bites, Bits, Ropes, and Twists. Like many other sour candies, they are coated with sour sugar. One serving size of Sour Punch twists contains 150 calories. The candy is suitable for the lactose intolerant, as it does not contain any milk products.

Original flavors 
 Chargin' Cherry
 Strikin' Strawberry
 Orange
 Zappin' Apple
 Zip Zappin' Watermelon
 Blue Razmatazz (Blue raspberry)
 Grape
 Discontinued flavors: Lemon (reintroduced in 2015 in the "Rainbow Straws" pack)

References

External links 
 Official website
 Sour Punch @ American Licorice Company

American Licorice Company brands
Allegro (typeface)

Allegro is a serif typeface intended for display use. It was designed by Hans Bohn for the Ludwig & Mayer type foundry of Frankfurt, and released in 1936.

Allegro is inspired by the Didone style dating from around the start of the nineteenth century onwards, that emphasised alternation of very thick and very thin strokes. However, it emphasises this through breaks in the letter where thin strokes would normally be found, producing an effect similar to stencilled lettering, with a slight inclination suggesting handwriting and ball terminals and swashes suggesting music. Allegro is particularly used for decorative purposes, such as on book jackets.

Allegro has been digitised and is sold by Bitstream. Its description of Allegro writes that it blends:

 characteristics of roman and italic, fat face and stencil, modern and script.

See also 
 Samples of display typefaces

References

External links
 Fonts in Use
 1955 specimen (digitised by Florian Hardwig)

Serif typefaces
Display typefaces
Letterpress typefaces
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1936
Samuel Mitchell

Samuel Mitchell may refer to:

Samuel Mitchell (Western Australian politician) (1838–1912), Western Australian politician
Samuel Mitchell (VC) (1841–1894), Victoria Cross recipient
Samuel Alfred Mitchell (1874–1960), Canadian astronomer
Samuel Augustus Mitchell (1790–1868), American geographer
Samuel Brown Wylie Mitchell (1828–1879), founder of Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity
Samuel James Mitchell (1852–1926), South Australian politician and judge
Samuel N. Mitchell (1846–1905), American lyricist

See also
Samuel L. Mitchill (1764–1831), American doctor and politician
Sam Mitchell (disambiguation)
American Licorice Company

American Licorice Company is an American candy manufacturer founded in Chicago, Illinois in 1914, and headquartered in La Porte, Indiana. The company has manufacturing facilities in Union City, California and La Porte.

History
In 1925, the company began West operations in San Francisco, California. That same year, it produced a set of licorice shoes for Charlie Chaplin's character to eat in the film The Gold Rush.

In 1971, the San Francisco facility relocated to Union City, California.

In November 1999, American Licorice Co. joined with Ferrara Pan, Spangler, Goetze's, and NECCO to form the Candy Alliance LLC. The Alliance works to promote the mutual interests involved, through the coordination of ingredient purchasing to get lower prices, the creation of cooperative marketing and distribution programs, and the cross-licensing and development of joint products.

In 2008, The Food Network program Unwrapped featured a four-minute segment on the making of Sour Punch straws. As of 2008, American Licorice Company also manufactures the Sour Extinguishers brand of candy.

In 2011, workers at the American Licorice Company went on strike to maintain their healthcare benefits.

On 22 August 2012 the company recalled one pound bags of Red Vines Black Licorice Twists due to traces of lead.

On June 28, 2023, it was announced that American Licorice would merge with Seattle-based Theo Chocolate.

Brands

Snaps
Red Vines
Fruit Vines
Sour Punch
Super Ropes
Sour Extinguishers

References

External links
Official website

 
Companies based in Indiana
History of Chicago
History of San Francisco
Food and drink in the San Francisco Bay Area
Union City, California
Companies based in Union City, California
Liquorice (confectionery)
American companies established in 1914
Food and drink companies established in 1914
Confectionery companies based in California
1914 establishments in Illinois
Mille Lacs Kathio State Park

Mille Lacs Kathio State Park, also known as Kathio Site, is a Minnesota state park on Mille Lacs Lake.  The park preserves habitation sites and mound groups, believed to date between 3000 BC and 1750 AD, that document Dakota Indian culture and Ojibwe-Dakota relationships.  The park contains 19 identified archaeological sites, making it one of the most significant archaeological collections in Minnesota.  The earliest site dates to the Archaic period and shows evidence of copper tool manufacture.  The Dakota lived in this area roughly until the 18th century, when many bands of them were moving southward into the prairies and river areas of southern Minnesota.  At the same time, Ojibwe (Anishinaabe) were moving in from the east.  Ojibwe oral tradition, published by William Whipple Warren, suggests that there was a battle in which they successfully took control of the area from the Lakota.

Around the time of contact in the 1850s, loggers came to the area.  The next 50 years resulted in a large quantity of trees being felled and floated down the Rum River or across Mille Lacs Lake to sawmills.

The name "Kathio" is actually a corruption of "Izatys", a name the Mdewakanton Dakota people gave themselves.  Explorer Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut visited the area in 1679.  He named the area "Izatys", but his poor handwriting led people to mistake the "Iz" as a "K".  Further errors led to the name being transliterated to "Kathio".

The Kathio Historic District site was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964.

See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Minnesota
National Register of Historic Places listings in Mille Lacs County, Minnesota
Rum River State Forest

References

External links

Mille Lacs Kathio State Park website, at Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

1957 establishments in Minnesota
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
IUCN Category V
National Historic Landmarks in Minnesota
Native American history of Minnesota
Protected areas established in 1957
Protected areas of Mille Lacs County, Minnesota
State parks of Minnesota
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
National Register of Historic Places in Mille Lacs County, Minnesota
Veolia Water Technologies & Solutions

Veolia Water Technologies & Solutions (formerly SUEZ Water Technologies & Solutions) is a water technology company. It is part of Veolia Group and has operations in 130 countries in a variety of industries, including food and beverage, metals and mining, power, pharmaceutical, oil and gas, chemicals, petrochemicals, pulp and paper, and utilities.

History
William H. Betz and L. Drew Betz founded Betz as a water purification business in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1925. It later became Betz Laboratories and then Betz International.

BetzDearborn & Hercules, Inc.
In 1996, Betz acquired the Grace Dearborn water-treatment and process chemicals business from W. R. Grace and Company At that time Dearborn had 2,500 employees and sales of $400 million per year, while Betz claimed 4,100 employees and $800 million in revenue.
In 1998, the combined BetzDearborn Inc. was acquired by Hercules Inc. for $2.4 billion in cash and $700 million in assumed debt.

GE Betz
In 2002, General Electric acquired BetzDearborn from Hercules Inc. and became known as GE Betz and was part of GE Infrastructure. At that time, the company had approximately $1 billion in revenue and a sales force of 2,000. In the years that followed its purchase of BetzDearborn, GE also acquired Osmonics, Inc., Ionics, and membrane producer Zenon Environmental Systems, and by 2006 had combined them into GE Water & Process Technologies In 2008, GE restructured its subsidiaries and GE Water & Process Technologies became part of GE Energy Infrastructure. In 2012, GE Energy was reorganized and the original Betz operations and the rest of GE Water & Process Technologies are now part of GE Power & Water

Suez
In 2017, Suez closed on the purchase of GE Water and Process Technologies

Notes

General Electric Infrastructure subsidiaries
Companies based in Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Water companies of the United States
American companies established in 1925
1925 establishments in Pennsylvania
China Federation for Defending the Diaoyu Islands

China Federation for Defending the Diaoyu Islands () is a non-governmental organization which maintains that the Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands are a part of Chinese territory in the Senkaku Islands dispute. The territorial rights to the islands are disputed between the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, and Japan, which currently has control over the islands.

In the early morning of March 24, 2004, seven activists from the group landed on the islands, planning to stay for several days.  That afternoon, they were detained by the Japanese coast guard. The incident gave the territorial dispute renewed media attention and worsened Sino-Japanese relations.

See also
2012 China anti-Japanese demonstrations
Action Committee for Defending the Diaoyu Islands
Anti-Japanese sentiment in China

References

External links
Private Group Plans to Lease, Develop Diaoyu Islands in China Internet Information Center.
New Sino-Japanese strain over disputed islands in Asia Times.

China–Japan relations
Political organizations based in China
Mass start

Mass start is a format of starting in some racing sports such as long-distance running in sport of athletics, speed skating, long-distance cross-country skiing and biathlon.

There are usually many competitors in such an event, and in order for all the competitors to have the same environmental conditions, which, among other things,  include temperature, wind speed, rain or shine, etc., they need to start at the same time and same place and proceed along the same course. But the large number of competitors makes it impossible to fit all of them at the same starting line. So the athletes stand in a pack before they begin: some are behind others, sometimes by dozens of meters or more, depending on the number of competitors.

The tradition is that all the athletes start at the same time, the gun time, and use the same starting line and same finishing line as those in the front of the pack. This means that those in the back of the pack have to run an extra distance. One's position in the pack at starting is determined either based on their previous records, or chosen by the participant based on their own expectation and etiquette. Usually, the best athletes take the front positions.

Modern electronic technology has made it possible to get the time lapsed for each individual athlete from their crossing the starting line to their crossing the finishing line, the chip time. This is also called transponder timing. However, this has the disadvantage that the race finish is not simultaneous, so the race results do not match the finish line order. Other ways to avoid disadvantage towards those in the back of the pack are individual starts (where athletes start one at a time) and interval starts (where athletes are released in small batches). Chip time is normally not used to determine top positions. The first to reach the finish shall be the winner.

External links
New York Times: "You Clocked What?  For Marathon Runners It's Gun vs. Chip."

Endurance games
Sport of athletics terminology
Skiing competitions
Dachhiri Sherpa

Dawa Dachhiri Sherpa () (born November 3, 1969) is a Nepali cross-country skier and runner who has competed since 2003. Competing in three Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of 86th in the 15 km event at Sochi in 2014.

Skiing 

At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec, Sherpa finished 127th in the individual sprint event while being lapped in the 30 km mixed pursuit event.

His best career finish was eighth in a 15 km event in Bulgaria in 2009.

Ultrarunning 

He previously held the record for the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc, an ultramarathon held in the Alps, having completed the first edition of this race in 20h05m in 2003.

Olympic Winter Games

World Championships

References

External links
 

1969 births
Living people
People from Solukhumbu District
Sherpa people
Nepalese male cross-country skiers
Cross-country skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic cross-country skiers for Nepal
Cross-country skiers at the 2003 Asian Winter Games
Cross-country skiers at the 2007 Asian Winter Games
Male ultramarathon runners
Trail runners
Aldinga

Aldinga may also refer to:

Aldinga, South Australia, a locality
Aldinga Bay, a bay
Aldinga Football Club, an Australian rules football club
Aldinga Airfield, an airfield

See also
Aldinga Beach, South Australia
Aldinga Scrub Conservation Park
Aldinga Reef Aquatic Reserve
Epanterias

Epanterias is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur from the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian age Upper Jurassic upper Morrison Formation of Garden Park, Colorado. It was described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1878. The type species is Epanterias amplexus. This genus is based on what is now AMNH 5767, parts of three vertebrae, a coracoid, and a metatarsal. Although Cope thought it was a sauropod, it was later shown to be a theropod. Gregory S. Paul reassessed the material as pertaining to a large species of Allosaurus in 1988 (which he classified as Allosaurus amplexus). Other authors have gone further and considered E. amplexus as simply a large individual of Allosaurus fragilis. In 2010, Gregory S. Paul and Kenneth Carpenter noted that the E. amplexus specimen comes from higher in the Morrison Formation than the type specimen of Allosaurus fragilis, and is therefore "probably a different taxon". They also considered its holotype specimen not diagnostic and classified it as a nomen dubium.

Etymology
The generic epithet translates to "buttressed" in Greek, in reference to the vertebrae. The word amplexus refers to the copulatory position of Amphibians in which males clasp their mates. Therefore, the specific epithet means "clasping buttressed vertebrae" in Latin.

References

External links 
 Article about Epanterias and its taxonomic validity - web Dinosauria (in Czech)

Allosaurids
Late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America
Paleontology in Colorado
 
Nomina dubia
Fossil taxa described in 1878
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope
Cash (disambiguation)

Cash is legally recognized money in such forms as banknotes and coins.

Cash also may refer to:

Currency
 Cash (currency), various Asian units
 Cash (Chinese coin), also called "方孔錢" (fāng kǒng qián)
 Chinese cash (currency), also called "文" (wén)
 Vietnamese cash (văn), a historical Vietnamese currency unit and a specific copper coin

Places in the United States 
 Cash, Arkansas, a city
 Cash, Georgia, an unincorporated community
 Cash, Kentucky, an unincorporated area
 Cash, Michigan
 Cash, South Carolina, an unincorporated community and census-designated place
 Cash, Texas, an unincorporated community

People 
 Cash (surname), a list of people
 Cash Asmussen (born 1962), American thoroughbred horse racing jockey
 Cashman Cash Peters (born 1956), British writer
 Amir "Cash" Esmailian, Iranian-Canadian music industry executive 
 Chri$ Ca$h (1982–2005), stage name of American wrestler Christopher Bauman

Arts and entertainment

Films
 Cash (1933 film), a British film by Zoltan Korda
 Cash (2007 film), Bollywood film set in Cape Town, South Africa
 Cash (2008 film) (stylized as Ca$h), French film directed by Eric Besnard
 Cash (2010 film) (stylized as Ca$h), American thriller directed by Stephen Milburn Anderson
 Cash (2021 film) Indian comedy drama
 the protagonist of Cash McCall, a 1960 American film
 Gabriel Cash, a protagonist of Tango & Cash, a 1989 American film

Music 
 C.A.S.H. (album), a 2010 album by Cassidy
 "Cash", a song by Patti Smith from her 2004 album Trampin'
 "Cash", a song by Brockhampton from Saturation
 "Cash", a song by Lil Baby from Harder Than Ever

Other arts and entertainment 
 Cash: The Autobiography, an autobiography of Johnny Cash
 "Cash" (The Young Ones), an episode of the British sitcom

CASH 
 Combat Support Hospital, a type of US-military field-hospital
 Composers and Authors Society of Hong Kong
 Cortical androgen-stimulating hormone

Other uses 
 Cash (mass) (厘 lí), a traditional Chinese unit of mass or weight
 Cash's, an English manufacturer of ribbons and other woven products
 MetaBank (Nasdaq: CASH), an American bank headquartered in South Dakota

See also 
 Cash Cash, an American band
 
 
 Cache (disambiguation)

ja:キャッシュ
Stacey Bailey

Stacey Dwayne Bailey (born February 10, 1960) is a former American football wide receiver. He played college football at San Jose State. He was drafted in the third round (63rd overall) of the 1982 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons.

Early years
Bailey attended Terra Linda High School in San Rafael, California and was a letterman in football. He then attended San Jose State University. As a freshman in 1978, he appeared in 12 games. He recorded 23 receptions for 354 yards. As a sophomore in 1979, he appeared in 11 games. He recorded 44 receptions for 674 yards and three touchdowns. In 1980, as a junior, he appeared in 11 games. He recorded 30 receptions for 686 yards and four touchdowns. For the season, he was named All-Conference. As a senior in 1981, he appeared in 12 games. He recorded 27 receptions for 517 yards and six touchdowns. He was also named an All-American as well as All-Conference.

Career statistics

Professional career
Bailey was selected in the third round (63rd overall) of the 1982 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons. As a rookie, he appeared in five games. He recorded two receptions for 24 yards and one touchdown. In 1983, he appeared in 14 games (12 starts). He recorded 55 receptions for 881 yards and six touchdowns. The following season, 1984 was statistically his best, as well as only full 16 game season. He started all 16 games, and recorded 67 receptions for 1,138 yards and six touchdowns. In 1985, he appeared in 15 games (13 starts). He recorded 30 receptions for 364 yards. In 1986, he appeared in six games (one start). He recorded three receptions for 39 yards. In 1987, he appeared in seven games (six starts). He recorded 20 receptions for 325 yards and three touchdowns. In 1988, he started all 10 games he appeared in. He recorded 17 receptions for 437 yards and, the final two touchdowns of his career. In 1989, he appeared in 15 games. He recorded eight receptions for 170 yards. In 1990, he appeared in just three games (one start). He recorded four receptions for 44 yards before his season was ended by an injury, in October 1990. He was released in September 1990 during final cuts.

Career statistics

Personal life
, Bailey is an instructor at Football University. His son, Sean, was a wide receiver for the University of Georgia.

References

External links
 Football University bio

1960 births
Living people
Sportspeople from San Rafael, California
Players of American football from Marin County, California
American football wide receivers
San Jose State Spartans football players
Atlanta Falcons players
West Twin River

The West Twin River may refer to any of the following rivers in the United States:

 West Twin River (Washington)
 West Twin River (Wisconsin)
Volusia Bar Light

The Volusia Bar Light was a river lighthouse marking the inlet of the St. Johns River into the south end of Lake George, Florida.

History
The light was removed in 1916, but a foghorn remained active until 1943. The building was burned by vandals in 1974. The foundation pilings still show above the water.

The keeper, A. J. Anderson, was murdered in 1938. Mariners noticed that the light was unattended. His body was found floating face-down in the river after he had been missing for more than a week. An autopsy established that his neck had been broken. The lighthouse had been ransacked, and Anderson had apparently struggled with his attacker. The murder has never been solved.

References

 - retrieved February 27, 2006

Lighthouses completed in 1886
Houses completed in 1886
Lighthouses in Florida
1886 establishments in Florida
East Twin River

East Twin River may refer to:

 East Twin River (Washington), US
 East Twin River (Wisconsin), US

See also
 East River (disambiguation)
Flag of Santa Barbara, California

The flag of the city of Santa Barbara was created in  1920, and was adopted as the official city flag in 1923. The tower is in red on white, the colors of Saint Barbara. The red and gold (the rosette and ribbon of the king of Spain) recall the city's Spanish origins.

The tower in the left-hand corner is the tower in which Saint Barbara (patron saint and namesake) was trapped during her execution.

The flag is used in governmental chambers and on promotional materials, and prominently displayed outdoors in the city's downtown and on some city government buildings. The flag bears some resemblance to the flags of Ossetia.

References

External links
 Waymark

Santa Barbara, California
Santa Barbara
1923 establishments in California
Santa Barbara
Bill Etra

William Etra (March 27, 1947 – August 26, 2016) was a live video pioneer and the co-inventor (with Steve Rutt) of the Rutt/Etra Video Synthesizer.

Etra was born in Manhattan and raised in Lawrence, Nassau County, New York.

Etra worked briefly as a professional cameraman, then studied film at New York University. He began teaching experimental television at NYU before he graduated.

In 1971, Etra and video artists Steina and Woody Vasulka started a performance space at The Kitchen.

Using the Rutt-Etra synthesizer, Etra made Narcissikon with his wife Louise.“This was my first Rutt-Etra piece. The initial picture is Louise sitting against a black background.  She’s got an output monitor she can watch, and I put it in a circle wipe, feed it into the Rutt-Etra synthesizer, get a white line wipe, put Louise’s face into that, take it out of the Rutt-Etra, and outline it in the synthesizer, and Louise is on the intercom, and she’s talking to me and I’m talking to her, and we actually ran through it twice."

Another early piece was Heartbeat, in which Louise Etra sits in a chair in a studio, while a circle bounces on screen, blipping in time to her amplified heartbeat.  Bill comes in and kisses her; the sound grows; the circle bounces larger.  Then he goes back to the control room, she relaxes, and the circle returns to normal.

At WNET, Etra created a video based on an Edgar Allan Poe story, Silence, with David Silver narrating. “That scared me so much I stayed away from narrative for years and years,” Etra commented.

Etra attempted a symphonic work at  the Strasenburgh Planetarium in Rochester, New York, when Central Maine Power Music Company played space music, to the accompaniment of the star maps of the planetarium, plus Etra’s video pictures of the musicians projected onto the stars.

He worked for Warner-Atari, Sun Microsystems, and Lucasfilm, and produced digital video for New York clubs and theater.

References

Books 
Price, Jonathan, 'Video Visions: a Medium Discovers Itself', New American Library, New York City, 1977, ASIN: B00ECDT4V2

External links 
https://archive.org/details/BillEtraSteveRuttInterview

1947 births
2016 deaths
American video artists
Hofstra University alumni
New York University alumni
People from Lawrence, Nassau County, New York
Sailmaker's whipping

The sailmaker's whipping is one of the most durable and stable of rope whippings known. According to The Ashley Book of Knots, "palm-and-needle whipping, or sailmaker's whipping, is the most satisfactory of all."

Technique

Palm and needle whipping 

Using a needle, the twine (generally a waxed cord) is pushed through a strand of the rope at least two times to secure the end, then wrapped multiple times around the rope, to a width generally of the rope.  Then the needle is pushed diagonally through each strand, then run once up the furrow between strands. This can be doubled by going around more than once, then finished with a final diagonal after which the excess twine is cut. Ashley also includes a technique to be used if the rope strands are too thick for one thrust of a needle to go through diagonally. The needle work makes it less able to slide.

Sailmaker's whipping 
What Ashley describes as a superficially similar technique, visually, to #3446 is included in The Ashley Book of Knots as #3448. It has the advantage that it doesn't need a needle, strictly speaking. Multiple sources give this separate technique the term sailmaker's whipping.

The twine is first threaded diagonally through the rope strands, leaving an excess loop in the middle of the twine.  The twine is wrapped around the rope and then the loop is fit over one of the strand ends, the rope having been opened, such that the loop fits into the groove between strands. The remainder of the twine is pushed through the open part of the rope and fit into the last groove, or in the case of a 4 strand rope, two loops can be used. Finally a reef (square) or a string of reef (square) knots is tied between the two twine ends.  Then this string of reef (square) knots is pulled or worked through the rope to bury the ends under the wraps.

Alternatives 

The West Country whipping is a quick practical method using twine, having several advantages: it can be tied without a needle; it is simple to understand and remember; if the whipping fails, the loose ends can usually be re-tied to temporarily prevent the rope's end from fraying.

See also
List of knots

References

External links 

de:Genähter Takling
PressPass

PressPass was a 60-minute show which airs six times a week, Sunday to Friday, and features robust soccer discussion between presenters Andrew Orsatti, Adrian Healey, Dan Thomas and analysts including Robbie Mustoe, Gabriele Marcotti, Tommy Smyth, Janusz Michallik, Shaka Hislop, Robbie Earle, Steve Nicol, Stewart Robson, Craig Burley, Sid Lowe, Julien Laurens, Raphael Honigstein, Martin Ainstein, Steve McManaman, Frank Leboeuf and Martin Keown.

Broadcasts
The show aired in Australia, New Zealand, the Caribbean, United Kingdom, Ireland, Africa, Israel, the Middle East and the United States.

Format
Andrew Orsatti, Adrian Healey and Dan Thomas alternated as the main hosts. A personality-driven show, it often featured outlandish comments involving Smyth, an Irishman fond of using the term "Auld Onion Bag" when referring to goals scored. The hosts' job was to stimulate debate on a variety of global topics.

During the European club season, ESPN FC Press Pass paid particular attention to the Premier League, La Liga, Serie A and the Bundesliga.

Orsatti, Healey, Mustoe, Smyth, Thomas, Hislop and Michallik often commentated on soccer matches shown on ESPN.

Former presenters of the program include Derek Rae, Dave Roberts and Alison Bender.

Guest analysts
Former Liverpool and Scotland player Steve Nicol became a regular contributor after leaving his post as Head Coach of MLS club New England Revolution.
1998 World Cup Winner Frank Leboeuf who collected multiple trophies in his time at Chelsea, including two FA Cups and a UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, appeared on an infrequent basis from ESPN's studios in Los Angeles.

References

ESPN.com
Association football television series
Paul Morwood

Paul Morwood (born 2 March 1959) is a former Australian rules footballer in the Victorian Football League.

South Melbourne/Sydney
He started his career with South Melbourne (like his younger brothers Tony Morwood and Shane Morwood).

St Kilda
He crossed to St Kilda, debuting in the same match as fellow former Swan Silvio Foschini who had been granted a court ruling in a restraint of trade against South Melbourne. Peter Kiel made way for Morwood. Tony Lockett also made his debut in the same match.

Morwood also won the Saints' best and fairest in 1985.

Later career
After three years with St. Kilda, he moved back to the Swans in 1986 (now based in Sydney) for one year before finishing his career at Collingwood in 1987. He decided to retire at the end of that season due to his outside business interest, which was running a hotel.

External links
 Goals kicked by the Morwoods af AFL.com.au
 Morwood's debut for St Kilda
 
 

Trevor Barker Award winners
St Kilda Football Club players
Collingwood Football Club players
Sydney Swans players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Living people
1959 births
Fanam

Fanam was the currency used historically in major parts of South India, especially during the British Raj. Fanam is the anglicized form of the native word , meaning "coin" or "wealth" (punch marked coins). It may specifically refer to: 
Madras fanam, a currency issued in Madras Presidency, now part of Tamil Nadu, India
Travancore fanam, a currency issued in Travancore State, now part of Kerala, India

See also
Panam (disambiguation)
Fana (disambiguation)
Pana (disambiguation)