alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Tangri

Tangri may refer to:

Tangri (god) or Tengri a Turkic pagan celestial chief divinity who personifies Heaven
Tengrism, the religion centred on the deity
Tangri river, a seasonal river in Haryana, India
Jyotica Tangri, Indian singer
Nina Tangri, Indian-Canadian politician
Roger Tangri (born 1941), British professor of political science
Sandra Schwartz Tangri (1936–2003), American feminist psychologist
Lot One

Lot One Shoppers' Mall is a shopping mall serving Choa Chu Kang New Town, Singapore. It was built in 1996 and is managed by CapitaMall Trust. It is located next to Choa Chu Kang MRT/LRT and the Choa Chu Kang Bus Interchange.

History
Developed by City Developments Limited, Lot One was completed in August 1996 as the first major shopping mall in Choa Chu Kang. Like a typical suburban mall that time, it featured a Shaw Theatres cinema, an NTUC FairPrice supermarket, a Seiyu (now BHG) department store, the Choa Chu Kang Public Library, a Cathay bowling alley, a video games arcade, a Food Junction food court and slightly over 100 specialty shops.

In 2005, the mall was sold to CapitaLand Ltd.

In July 2007, the mall underwent its first renovation works, such as adding a four-storey retail extension and reconfiguring the shops in the mall. During this period, the food court was relocated from Basement 1 to Level 4, and the public library relocated from Level 3 to Level 4, taking over the former bowling alley. The arcade was re-allocated to a smaller space at Level 5 from Level 4. A roof garden, incorporating a wet and dry playground, was added during the final phase of the renovation. Renovation works were completed in November 2008.

In 2019, the cinema and library were closed for extensive renovation works, in which the cinema had its number of screens doubled to meet the needs of moviegoers in the area, while the library had its space expanded to include more content. Both of them reopened in September and October 2021 respectively. In 2023, BHG closed its store in Lot One.

References

External links
 

CapitaLand
Shopping malls in Singapore
Choa Chu Kang
PSA prepayment model

The PSA Prepayment Model is a prepayment scale developed by the Public Securities Association in 1985 for analyzing American mortgage-backed securities. The PSA model assumes increasing prepayment rates for the first 30 months after mortgage origination and a constant prepayment rate thereafter. This approximates real-world experience that during the first few years, mortgage borrowers:
 Are less likely to relocate to a different home,
 Are less likely to refinance into a new mortgage, and
 Are less likely to make extra payments of principal.

The standard model (also called "100% PSA") works as follows: Starting with an annualized prepayment rate of 0.2% in month 1, the rate increases by 0.2% each month, until it reaches 6% in month 30. From the 30th month onward, the model assumes an annualized prepayment rate of 6% of the remaining balance. Each monthly prepayment is assumed to represent full payoff of individual loans, rather than a partial prepayment that leaves a loan with a reduced principal balance.

Variations of the model are expressed in percent, e.g., "150% PSA" means a monthly increase of 0.3% in the annualized prepayment rate, until the peak of 9% is reached after 30 months. The months thereafter have a constant annualized prepayment rate of 9%.

1667% PSA is roughly equivalent to 100% prepayment rate in month 30 or later.

References 

Mortgage-backed security
Fixed income analysis
Financial models
Northpoint City

Northpoint City, formerly known as Northpoint Shopping Centre, is a suburban shopping mall in Yishun, Singapore. Located opposite Yishun MRT station, the mall houses the Nee Soon Central Community Club, Yishun Public Library as well as the Yishun Bus Interchange, which forms part of the Yishun Integrated Transport Hub (ITH).

The mall was first built in 1992, and was renovated and expanded in 2010. It susbeqeuently underwent a second renovation and expansion from 2017 to 2018. It is currently the largest shopping mall in northern Singapore. The centre has a combined net lettable area of at least  and houses more than 400 tenants.

History
Northpoint City was originally called the Northpoint Shopping Centre, having been first constructed in November 1992 as the first suburban mall to be built in the northern heartlands of Singapore. Cold Storage, Swensen's and Giordano were one of the first few outlets to open in the Northpoint Shopping Centre.

Renamed and expanded
In July 2017, Northpoint Shopping Centre was renamed as Northpoint City, with the existing building becoming its north wing. The south wing of the mall was opened in December 2017, integrating Northpoint City with the Yishun Integrated Transport Hub (ITH) and Nee Soon Central Community Club. It was the first time in Singapore that different public facilities were integrated in this manner. A 920-unit condominium called the North Park Residences was also constructed atop Northpoint City.

Yishun Public Library reopened on 3 February 2018, located at the fourth level of the North Wing. A linkway to the South Wing from the MRT station was also constructed.

Facilities 
The two wings of Northpoint City are connected via an underground garden at in the basement.

Notable tenants include Cold Storage, Harvey Norman, Popular, Timezone, UNIQLO, Kopitiam, Anytime Fitness, NTUC FairPrice, Yishun Public Library and Krispy Kreme.

Transport 
Northpoint City is directly connected to the Yishun Integrated Transport Hub (ITH), which includes Yishun MRT station and Yishun Bus Interchange.

Gallery

See also
 List of shopping malls in Singapore

References

External links
 

Shopping malls in Singapore
Yishun
1992 establishments in Singapore
Walcher (disambiguation)

Walcher (died 1080) was bishop of Durham and earl of Northumbria.

Walcher may also refer to:

Surname
Achim Walcher (born 1967), Austrian cross-country skier
Jacob Walcher (1887–1970), German politician
Josef Walcher (1954–1984), Austrian alpine ski racer
Kathleen Walcher (fl. 2003–2006), American politician
Rocky Walcher (born 1961), American golfer

Given name
Walcher of Malvern (died 1135), prior of Great Malvern

See also
 Walcheren
Manifest

Manifest may refer to:

Computing
 Manifest file, a metadata file that enumerates files in a program or package
 Manifest (CLI), a metadata text file for CLI assemblies

Events
 Manifest (convention), a defunct anime festival in Melbourne, Australia
 Manifest (urban arts festival), put on by Columbia College Chicago, in Illinois, US

Film and television
 Manifest: The Chryzinium Era, a 2017 American short film
 Manifest (TV series), a 2018 American drama series
 "Manifest" (Luke Cage), a television episode

Music

Albums
 Manifest (Amaranthe album), 2020
 Manifest (Impaled Nazarene album), 2007
 Manifest (Linda Sundblad album), 2010
 Manifest!, by Friends, 2012
 Manifest, by Chessie, 2008

Songs
 "Manifest", by Andrew Bird from My Finest Work Yet
 "Manifest", by the Fugees from The Score
 "Manifest", by Gang Starr from No More Mr. Nice Guy
 "Manifest", by Sepultura from  Chaos A.D.
 "Manifest", by Starset from Divisions

Other uses
 Manifest (transportation), a document listing the cargo, passengers, and crew of a vehicle
 Manifest, Louisiana, US, an unincorporated area
 Democracy Manifest, Queensland police incident

See also
 Manafest, Canadian musician
 Manifesta, a European contemporary arts biennale
 Manifestation (disambiguation)
 Manifesto (disambiguation)
Tamamo-no-Mae

Tamamo-no-Mae (, , also ) is a legendary figure in Japanese mythology. One of the stories explaining the legend comes from Muromachi period genre fiction called otogizōshi. In the otogizōshi Tamamo-no-Mae was a courtesan under the Japanese Emperor Konoe (who reigned from 1142 through 1155).

Legends
Stories of Tamamo-no-Mae being a legendary fox spirit appear during the Muromachi period as otogizōshi (prose narratives), and were also mentioned by Toriyama Sekien in Konjaku Hyakki Shūi. Edo period folklore then conflated the legend with similar foreign stories about fox spirits corrupting rulers, causing chaos in their territories.

In the story told by Hokusai, formed in the Edo period, the nine-tailed fox first appeared in China and possessed Daji, a concubine of the Shang dynasty's last ruler King Zhou. She enchanted the king and brought on a reign of terror that led to a rebellion that ended the Shang dynasty. The fox spirit fled to Magadha of Tianzhu (ancient India) and became Lady Kayō (), concubine of the crown prince Banzoku (; based on Indian tales of Kalmashapada the man-eater), causing him to cut off the heads of a thousand men. It was then defeated again, and fled the country. The same fox returned to China around 780 BC and was said to have possessed Bao Si, a concubine of the Zhou dynasty King You. It was again chased away by human military forces.

The fox stayed quiet for some period. Then she appeared in Japan as Tamamo-no-Mae, the most favoured courtesan of Emperor Toba. She was said to be a most beautiful and intelligent woman, being able to answer any question asked. She caused the Emperor to be extremely ill and was eventually exposed as a fox spirit by the astrologer Abe no Yasuchika, who had been called to diagnose the cause of the Emperor's poor health. A few years later, the emperor sent Kazusa-no-suke () and Miura-no-suke () to kill the fox in the plains of Nasu.

In the 1653 Tamamo no sōshi (), an addendum was added to the story describing that the spirit of Tamamo-no-mae embedded itself into a stone called the Sesshō-seki. The stone continually released poisonous gas, killing everything that touched it. The stone was said to have been destroyed in the Nanboku-chō period by the Buddhist monk Gennō Shinshō (), who exorcised the now-repentant fox spirit. He held a Buddhist memorial service after the deed, allowing the spirit to finally rest in peace. 

The stone split in two on March 5, 2022. Cracks in the stone had been seen several years before the split, possibly allowing rainwater to penetrate and weaken it, so it is highly likely that the stone cracked naturally. Some humorously speculated that this had freed Tamamo-no-Mae, and social media in Japan predicted that dark forces had been released.

Notes

References

External links 
 

Literature featuring anthropomorphic foxes
Japanese folklore
Kitsune (fox)
Female legendary creatures
Budu (sauce)

Budu (Jawi: بودو; , , ) is an anchovies sauce and one of the best known fermented seafood products in Kelantan and Terengganu in Malaysia, the Natuna Islands (where it is called  or ), South Sumatra, Bangka Island and Western Kalimantan in Indonesia (where it is called rusip), and Southern Thailand. It is mentioned in A Grammar and Dictionary of the Malay language, With a Preliminary Dissertation, Volume 2, By John Crawfurd, published in 1852.

History
It is traditionally made by mixing anchovies and salt in a ratio ranging from 2:1 to 6:1 and allowing the mix to ferment for 140 to 200 days. It is used as a flavouring and is normally eaten with fish, rice, and raw vegetables.

It is similar to the  in Philippines,  in Indonesia,  in Burma,  in Vietnam,  or  in Japan, Colombo cure in the Indian subcontinent,  in China, and  in Korea.

The fish product is the result of hydrolysis of fish and microbial proteases. The flavor and aroma of budu are produced by the action of proteolytic microorganisms surviving during the fermentation process. Palm sugar and tamarind are usually added to promote a browning reaction, resulting in a dark brown hue. The ratio of fish to salt is key to the final desired product. Different concentrations of salt influences the microbial and enzymatic activity, resulting in different flavours. The microorganisms found during budu production are generally classified as halophilic. The microorganisms play important roles in protein degradation and flavour and aroma development.

Budu is a traditional condiment among the ethnic Malays of east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, particularly in the state of Kelantan and Terengganu. Budu has been declared a Malaysian heritage food by the Malaysian Department of National Heritage. Even ethnic Chinese in Kelantan are involved in budu production. Anchovy and its products like budu are high in protein and uric acid, thus not recommended for people with gout. The uric acid content in anchovies, however, is lower than that in tuna.

Budu made from anchovy sauce has shown potential as an anti-cancer agent. As a food sourced from fish it also has potential as brain food.

A powdered form of budu was developed by a Politeknik Kota Bharu (PKB) student in 2011. This allows for easier storage and transport as it is lighter and less prone to bottle breakage.

See also

References

External links
  Kehebatan budu Kelantan
 The Unique Cina Kampung, The Star online

Malaysian condiments
Malay cuisine
Fish sauces
Umami enhancers
Kelantan
Dried fish
Anchovy dishes
Ian Robertson (Australian rules footballer)

Ian Anthony Robertson (born 25 January 1946 in Footscray, Victoria) is a former Australian rules footballer in the VFL and currently a football commentator.

Robertson was born in Footscray and recruited to the Carlton Football Club from Dalyston after the Footscray Football Club refused a request for a trial with the club. Robertson debuted in 1967 with the Blues and was a solid midfielder.

The fact that he was taken from Footscray's recruitment zone became an issue two years into Robertson's career, when the Bulldogs asked for their rights to him as a player. Ken Greenwood was cleared to the Bulldogs from Carlton and the dispute was resolved.

In 1968, 1970 and 1972, Robertson was a member of Carlton's premiership sides and was a serviceable player. He had played 125 games and kicked 86 goals for Carlton between 1966 and 1974, before moving to Footscray (in an ironic twist) late in 1974, only notching up 4 games and 1 goal.

In the 1980s Robertson became a Football commentator for the Seven Network, continuing this role until 2001 when the Seven Network lost the rights. He was signed with Fox Footy Channel in 2002 but left the network midway through the 2002 season for unknown reasons.  In 2004 he was a radio commentator for 95.5 K-Rock in Geelong.

References 

1946 births
Australian rules football commentators
Carlton Football Club players
Carlton Football Club premiership players
Living people
Western Bulldogs players
Oakleigh Football Club players
Oakleigh Football Club coaches
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
VFL/AFL premiership players
People from Footscray, Victoria
Relief mapping (computer graphics)

In computer graphics, relief mapping is a texture mapping technique first introduced in 2000 used to render the surface details of three-dimensional objects accurately and efficiently. It can produce accurate depictions of self-occlusion, self-shadowing, and parallax. It is a form of short-distance ray tracing done in a pixel shader. Relief mapping is highly comparable in both function and approach to another displacement texture mapping technique, Parallax occlusion mapping, considering that they both rely on ray tracing, though the two are not to be confused with each other, as parallax occlusion mapping uses reverse heightmap tracing.

See also

 Shaded relief

References

External links
 Manuel's Relief texture mapping

3D computer graphics
Texture mapping
Malcolm Alker

Malcolm Alker (born 4 November 1978) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a . He spent his entire professional career with the Salford City Reds, making over 350 appearances between 1997 and 2010. He also served as the club's captain for many years.

Background
Malcolm Alker was born in Wigan, Greater Manchester, England.

Career
Alker started his junior career with Orrell St James before moving to Wigan St Patricks. He joined the Salford Reds in May 1997, and he made his début later that year against the Sheffield Eagles.

In 2000, Alker captained Salford City Reds for the first time at the age of 21 in the absence of regular captain Darren Brown.

Alker played his entire professional rugby league career at Salford City Reds. He has represented Lancashire and England.

Alker reached his testimonial year with Salford City Reds in 2006. His testimonial match took place during the 2007 pre-season against the Wigan Warriors, which the Warriors won 20–15.

In January 2009, Alker was stripped of the club captaincy following a breach of club rules during their pre-season training camp in Jacksonville, Florida. He was re-appointed as captain two months later.

In August 2010, Alker announced that he would be retiring at the end of the season, but would remain at the club in a coaching role.

In March 2011, it was announced that head coach Shaun McRae would be taking sick leave, with Alker jointly taking charge of coaching duties alongside fellow assistant Phil Veivers and Director of Football Steve Simms during his absence. In April 2011, Alker filed a complaint against Salford after being dismissed from a training session. After failing to come to an agreement, the club announced that Alker would be "taking time away from the club to undergo surgery on his neck".

Personal life
In 2012, Alker released his autobiography, The Devil Within. In the book, Alker admitted use of cocaine and banned growth hormones during his playing days.

Alker was sentenced to four years imprisonment on 12 January 2018 for the armed robbery of a KFC restaurant and a Tesco Express store in Wigan on 31 October 2017.

References

External links
(archived by web.archive.org) Salford profile
Super League profile
 ĎŔƑ "My life in rugby league: Malcolm Alker" interview at TotalRL.com
Statistics at rugbyleagueproject.org

1978 births
Living people
21st-century English criminals
England national rugby league team players
English rugby league players
Lancashire rugby league team players
Rugby league players from Wigan
Rugby league hookers
Salford Red Devils captains
Salford Red Devils players
Wigan St Patricks players
Sean Rutgerson

Sean Rutgerson (born 9 February 1978) is the head coach of the United States and a former professional rugby league footballer. His primary position was as , but he also played in the . Over his career, Rutgerson played for the North Sydney Bears and the Canberra Raiders in the Australian National Rugby League, Salford City Reds in the  Super League and the Jacksonville Axemen in the AMNRL.

Playing career
Rutgerson started his professional career in Australia with the North Sydney, where he played. After two years at North Sydney, he moved to the Canberra Raiders where he spent four years and scored his first try at the top level.

He signed for Salford City Reds in 2004 and played three seasons in Super League. He then moved to the US, where he played for the Jacksonville Axemen and also took on a coaching role at the club.

In the 2000 Rugby League World Cup Rutgerson represented South Africa. In all three games for South Africa, Rutgerson started in the , rather than his typical position as .

Coaching
Rutgerson was appointed assistant coach of the USA national team under Brian McDermott in 2015, eventually taking over from McDermott as head coach in 2018.

References

External links
Salford Squad Profile: Sean Rutgerson
Salford City Reds Website Homepage

1978 births
Living people
Australian expatriate rugby league players
Australian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Australian people of South African descent
Australian rugby league coaches
Australian rugby league players
Canberra Raiders players
Expatriate rugby league players in the United States
Jacksonville Axemen coaches
Jacksonville Axemen players
North Sydney Bears players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Rugby league props
Rugby league second-rows
Salford Red Devils players
South Africa national rugby league team players
United States national rugby league team coaches
Wyler's

Wyler's is a food and beverage brand established by Wyler's Company in 1931. The brand is now owned by Kraft Heinz for bouillon and dry soup mixes and by The Jel Sert Company for powdered drink mixes.

History
The spouses Silvain and Arma Wyler established Wyler's Company in 1931 selling its first product, chicken bouillon cubes. Wyler's began manufacturing bouillon cubes in Chicago in the 1940s and developed bouillon powder, dry soup mixes and powdered drink mixes in the 1950s. 

Borden acquired Wyler's Company in 1961.

The Wyler's powdered drink business was sold to Lipton in 1986. Jel Sert bought the Wyler's powdered drink business from Lipton parent Unilever in 1994.

When Borden exited the food business in 2001, it sold the Wyler's bouillon and dry soup business to H. J. Heinz Company. H. J. Heinz Company would merge with Kraft Foods in 2015, creating Kraft Heinz.

References

External links
  (Food brand)
  (Drink brand)

Heinz brands
Jel Sert brands
Food product brands
Drink brands
Products introduced in 1931
Simon Finnigan

Simon Finnigan (born 8 December 1981) is a rugby league coach and former player who was most recently the head coach of the Widnes Vikings in Betfred Championship and was previously head coach at Newcastle Thunder and an assistant coach at the Toronto Wolfpack. An Ireland international , he played in the Super League for the Widnes Vikings, Salford City Reds, Bradford Bulls and the Huddersfield Giants, and in the Championship for the Leigh Centurions.

Background
Simon Finnigan was born in Warrington, Cheshire, England, he grew up in Australia, playing for the Penrith Panthers junior teams before joining Widnes Vikings in 2003.

Club career
Finnigan played three season in Super League for Widnes Vikings, before leaving following the club's relegation at the end of the 2005 Super League season. He subsequently joined Salford City Reds, where he played for two seasons before again leaving when the club was relegated at the end of the 2007 Super League season. He signed for Bradford Bulls in September 2007 and stayed for one year before joining Huddersfield Giants in 2009. He rejoined Widnes Vikings in 2011, before finishing his career with Leigh Centurions in 2013. He announced his retirement from the sport in January 2014.

Representative
He was named in the Ireland training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup, and the Ireland squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup.

He was again named in the Ireland squad for the 2013 Rugby League World Cup, and made two appearances in the tournament, his final rugby league match being Ireland's defeat against Australia.

Statistics

Club career (Super League)

Representative career

Coaching career
After retiring as a player, Finnigan moved into coaching become assistant coach at the Toronto Wolfpack. In 20219 he became head coach of Newcastle Thunder then in League 1, the third tier of rugby league in the United Kingdom.

Finnigan was appointed the head coach of the Widnes Vikings in the Championship (the second tier) in November 2020 but left the club in April 2022 by "mutual consent".

References

External links
Toronto Wolfpack profile
Statistics at rugbyleagueproject.org
(archived by web.archive.org) Bradford Bulls profile
(archived by web.archive.org) Ireland profile

1981 births
Living people
Bradford Bulls players
English rugby league players
English people of Irish descent
Huddersfield Giants players
Ireland national rugby league team players
Irish rugby league players
Leigh Leopards players
Newcastle Thunder coaches
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Warrington
Rugby league second-rows
Salford Red Devils players
Toronto Wolfpack coaches
Widnes Vikings coaches
Widnes Vikings players
Ian Sibbit

Ian Sibbit (born 15 October 1980), also known by the nickname of "Sibs", is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a second row.

Sibbit signed for Salford in 2004 from the Warrington Wolves having also played for Melbourne Storm. He also went on to play for Bradford Bulls.

Bradford Bulls

He signed a two-year deal with the Bradford Bulls for 2011's Super League XVI. He is not seen as a direct replacement for Steve Menzies but is seen as a back-up player. Statistics do NOT include pre-season friendlies.

2011 - 2011 Season

Sibbit appeared in two of the four pre-season games. He played against Halifax and Wakefield Trinity Wildcats.

Ian featured in Round 1 and 2 against Leeds Rhinos and Wigan Warriors. His next game would be in Round 4 (Wakefield Trinity Wildcats) the in Round 5 (Huddersfield Giants). Sibbit then appeared in Round 9 (Hull F.C.). Ian featured in three consecutive games from Round 12 (Catalans Dragons) to Round 14 (Hull Kingston Rovers). He appeared in another three consecutive game between Round 17 (St. Helens) and Round 19 (Leeds Rhinos). Sibbit then featured in Round 24 (Hull Kingston Rovers) until Round 26 (Crusaders). He also featured in the Challenge Cup games against Halifax and Wigan Warriors. He scored a try against Halifax.

2012 - 2012 Season

Sibbit featured in three of the four pre-season friendlies. He played against Castleford Tigers, Dewsbury Rams and Hull FC.

Ian featured in two consecutive games from Round 1 (Catalans Dragons) to Round 2 (Castleford Tigers). He missed Rounds 3-15 and Round 4–5 in the Challenge Cup due to an injury. He featured in two consecutive games from Round 16 (Castleford Tigers) to Round 17 (St. Helens). He was injured for Rounds 18–27. Sibbit announced his retirement from the game on 5 September 2012.

References

External links
Salford City Reds profile
(archived by web.archive.org) Reds profile
Salford City Reds Media Guide 2009

1980 births
Living people
Bradford Bulls players
England Knights national rugby league team players
English rugby league players
Melbourne Storm players
Rugby league players from Wigan
Rugby league second-rows
Salford Red Devils players
Warrington Wolves players
Laddering

Laddering is an investment technique that requires investors to purchase multiple financial products with different maturity dates.

Benefits 
Laddering avoids the risk of reinvesting a large portion of assets in an unfavorable financial environment. Each "rung" of the ladder is a bond of a specific maturity date and the "height" of the ladder is the difference between the shortest maturity bond and the longest maturity bond. The more rungs in the ladder (10 or more is recommended), the better the diversification, the more stable the yield, and the higher the average yield. For example, a person has both a 2015 matured CD and a 2018 matured CD. Even if the interest rate is low in 2015 when one certificate is to be renewed, half of the income is locked in until 2018.

Laddering can free up capital as needed. A person may purchase a shorter term bond in the event that he needs the capital soon to fund his children's tuition while purchasing other longer term bonds that mature later as retirement spending with a more favorable rate, assuming the economy is experiencing a normal yield curve during this time.

Laddering can also be used as an overall retirement planning approach for all retirement investments. The idea is to separate CDs, cash, bonds, annuities, and others into different "ladders" (or "buckets" or "baskets") depending on when the asset is expected to be liquidated to fund the retirement revenue stream. Low-risk assets are used at the start of retirement (and usually have an expected lower rate of return, due to lacking a risk premium). Higher-risk assets would be placed in a basket used at the end of retirement.

This strategy is useful for a diversified portfolio, with other assets in the stock market etc. Generally an initial investment of $10,000-$20,000 is required in order to purchase 5-10 bonds with different maturities for a specific timeline.

IPO laddering
Laddering also describes a process where, in order to purchase shares at a given price, investors must also agree to purchase additional shares at a higher price.  This artificially inflates the price of the stock and allows insiders to buy at the lower price, with a guarantee that they will be able to sell at a higher price.  This practice has resulted in investigations of national and global banks by the SEC after the stock market collapse.

References 

Investment
CISV (disambiguation)

CISV may refer to:

 Centro Italiano Studi Vessillologici (Italian Centre of Vexillological Studies)
 CISV International formerly known as Children's International Summer Villages
Palisades Tahoe Aerial Tram

The Palisades Tahoe Aerial Tram (originally called the Squaw Valley Aerial Tramway) is a  long aerial tramway at the Palisades Tahoe ski resort in Olympic Valley, California. It was inaugurated in 1968, and was called the Cable Car. At its opening, it was the largest tramway in the world, built by an Austrian company Garaventa. It carries passengers from the Base Camp at 6,200 feet (1,889m) elevation to High Camp at 8,200 feet (2,499m) elevation. The tram operated operates year-round.

Pioneer Ski Area of America
Pioneer Ski Area of America is a California Historical Landmark No. 724 Located at Palisades Tahoe Aerial Tram in Placer County.
The historical marker at Palisades Tahoe Aerial Tram reads: 
The VIII Olympic Winter Games of 1960 commemorated a century of sport skiing in California. By 1860 the Sierra Nevada-particularly at the mining towns of Whiskey Diggings, Poker Flat, Port Wine, Onion Valley, La Porte, and Johnsville, some 60 miles north of Squaw Valley-saw the first organized ski clubs and competition in the western hemisphere. 
California Registered Historical Landmark No.724
Plaque placed by the California State Park Commission in Cooperation with the California Historical Society and the Organizing Committee, VIII Olympic Winter Games, February 14, 1960. Rededicated by Squaw Valley Ski Corporation, February 1996.

Plumas-Eureka State Park also have a Pioneer Ski Area of America marker for Johnsville Ski Area, Plumas, California Historical Landmark 723.

1978 disaster
During a blizzard in 1978 a car carrying 44 passengers became dislodged from one of the two cables. It fell 75 feet before the second cable halted its fall, causing the car to bounce back up.

The cable that had become disconnected sprung upwards, and broke its connection to the tower. The 17 ton cable fell downwards slicing into the car as in bounce on the first cable, instantly killing three passengers. The final casualties were 4 killed and 22 injured.

See also
Funitel
Palisades Tahoe
VIII Olympic Winter Games
California Historical Landmarks in Placer County

References

Aerial tramways in the United States
Transportation buildings and structures in Placer County, California
Transportation buildings and structures in California
1968 establishments in California
Olympic Valley, California
Tram accidents
Transport disasters
Grey-headed lapwing

The grey-headed lapwing (Vanellus cinereus) is a lapwing species which breeds in northeast China and Japan. The mainland population winters in northern Southeast Asia from northeastern India to Cambodia.  The Japanese population winters, at least partially, in southern Honshū.

This species has occurred as a vagrant in Russia, the Philippines, Indonesia, New South Wales, Australia and Sri Lanka, as well as Sweden and England.

Description
The grey-headed lapwing is 34–37 cm long. It has a grey head and neck, darker grey breast band and white belly. The back is brown, the rump is white and the tail is black. This is a striking species in flight, with black primaries, white under wings and upper wing secondaries, and brown upper wing coverts.

Adults of both sexes are similarly plumaged, but males are slightly larger than females. Young birds have the white areas of plumage tinged with grey, a less distinct breast band, and pale fringes to the upperpart and wing covert feathers. The call of the grey-headed lapwing is a sharp chee-it.

Behaviour
This species nests from April to July in wet grassland, rice fields and marshland edges. It winters in similar habitat and is then gregarious. It feeds in shallow water on insects, worms and molluscs.

References

Hayman, Marchant and Prater, Shorebirds 
Robson, Craig  A Field Guide to the Birds of Thailand 

Vanellus
Birds of Japan
Birds of Manchuria
Articles containing video clips
Birds described in 1842
Taxa named by Edward Blyth
Lila Morillo

Lila Morillo (born Lila Rosa Bozo Morillo on August 14, 1940 in Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan actress and singer. She is popularly known as La Diva de Venezuela, La Reina del Cocotero and also as La Maracucha de Oro.

Biography
Lila was born in Maracaibo. She was born to Silvestre de Jesús Bozo Bozo (1914-2013) and Ana Magdalena Morillo de Bozo (1920-2017) She moved to Caracas with her family to try her luck in show business. She made her debut in 1955 as a singer next to Mario Suárez with whom she made her first record.

In 1963 she made her acting debut in the film Isla de sal which also helped launch her music career Later, she participated in other films and also ventured into television by starring in the telenovela María Mercé, La Chinita in 1970 where she starred alongside Carlos Cámara. She obtained another starring role in the telenovela La doña produced by RCTV.

Personal life
At a young age, she met José Luis Rodríguez "El Puma" who became a singer and actor himself. They got married, and the couple had two daughters Liliana Morillo and Lilibeth Morillo. In the 1970s, Lila and her husband became paparazzi fodder all the way to the 1980s, appearing on covers of multiple gossip magazines in Latin America. The couple had a highly publicized divorce in 1986 after 20 years of marriage. In 2020, she made headlines after endorsing then US president and Republican candidate Donald Trump for re-election.

Filmography

Telenovelas
 Pablo y Alicia (1969)
 María Mercé, La Chinita (1970)
 La doña (1972)
 Iliana (1977)
 Macarena (1992) 
 Viva la Pepa (2002)
 Cosita rica (2004)

Film
 Isla de sal (1964)

References

External links

Lila Morillo Discography

1940 births
Living people
Illeists
People from Maracaibo
Venezuelan television actresses
20th-century Venezuelan women singers
20th-century Venezuelan actresses
21st-century Venezuelan actresses
Golden Mosque

Golden Mosque can refer to:

 Sunehri Masjid, Lahore
 Sunehri Masjid (Chandni Chowk)
 Sunehri Masjid (Red Fort)
 Al-Askari Mosque in Iraq
 Masjid Al-Dahab in the Philippines
 Dian Al-Mahri Mosque in Indonesia

Mosque disambiguation pages
Éclaireurs Neutres de France

The Éclaireurs Neutres de France (Neutral (= interreligious) Scouts of France, ENF) is a non-aligned French Scouting association, founded in 1947 by Marcel Lepage and serving 3,000 to 4,000 members of both genders. 

The association has no political or religious involvement and is open to all without distinction of religion or race and respects the convictions of everyone. ENF is not a coeducational or mixed organisation although coeducation is accepted for the Cub Scouts, it has two distinct sections for girls and boys.

History
Some sources argue that the ENF is a spinoff from another French Scouting association, the Éclaireurs de France. The ENF claims on their website that this would be a statement in contradiction with its founding principles of openness and mutual respect.

Although, initially a traditional Scouting association, it has evolved to adapt itself to modern life and standards of health and safety imposed by French Ministry of Youth and Sports, from which it has an official approval.

Memberships and affiliations

On the national level, the association is a member of the Conférence Française de Scoutisme.

Since 2000 a number of smaller associations joined the ENF for official approval, some of them religious:
Europa Scouts (Catholic)
Scouts et Guides Saint Louis (Catholic)
Scouts et Guides de Riaumont (Traditionalist Catholic, with connections to the Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter).
Thus the association has changed from a single organization to a kind of federation of differing Scouting organizations with different spiritual backgrounds which is unique for French Scouting.

Sections
The association is organised in three age branches:
ages 8 to 11: The pack (Cubs), light blue shirt, dark blue short and beret with the cub insignia
ages 12 to 16: The troop (Scouts), khaki shirt, dark blue short or trousers and brown smokey-bear hat for boys, white shirt and dark blue smokey-bear hat for girls
ages 17 and onwards: The clan (Rovers), dark blue shirt for boys and same as Scouts for girls, the tie is a tartan

See also
Scouting in France

External links
Official website 

Non-aligned Scouting organizations
Scouting and Guiding in France
Youth organizations established in 1947
1947 establishments in France
Omalo

Omalo () is a principal village in the historical region of Tusheti, Georgia. Administratively, it is part of the Akhmeta District in Kakheti. It lies between the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range and the Pirikita Range of Tusheti.  Due to Omalo's high mountain location on the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range and the absence of well-maintained roads, it is largely isolated from the rest of Georgia for most of the year. The only access road is through the Abano pass at 2,850 metres (9,350 ft)  The fortress of Keselo is a landmark in Zemo (upper) Omalo, this place served as a refuge for locals in wartime.

See also
 Kakheti
 Keselo
 Omalo Ethnographic Museum

References

External links 
 Pictures of Omalo

Populated places in Kakheti
Tiflis Governorate
Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia
Cyrillaceae

The Cyrillaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas. The family comprises two genera, Cliftonia and Cyrilla, each containing a single species, Cliftonia monophylla and Cyrilla racemiflora. However, additional species of Cyrilla are now often recognized and the genus is in need of taxonomic revision.

In the past, many botanists included a third genus, Purdiaea, in the family, though recent research has shown this genus is better placed in the closely related family Clethraceae.

Fossil record
Fossil Cyrilla and Cliftonia leaves, wood and pollen have been reported from the Neogene Lower Rhine region brown coal. Leaf fragments of Cyrilla have been found frequently in brown coals of central Europe. The Cyrillaceae formed part of the Tertiary bog flora where they constituted an important component of the shrubby vegetation. Among fossil Cyrilla from the Tertiary of Europe is †Cyrilla thomsonii described from the Miocene of Librar, Germany and the Bełchatów, Poland. † Cyrilla hungarica described from the Miocene of Magyaregregy in Hungary.

References

Ericales families
Ericales
Executioner's Bastion

The Executioner's Bastion is a bastion situated at Stará baštová Street in the historic center of Košice, Slovakia.

Its name is derived from the fact that the bastion was situated near a medieval executioner's house. It is semicircular building with eight cannon chambers erected around the year 1500. The bastion was converted in the years 1920–1930 to the needs of the East Slovak Museum.

The Memorial House of Francis II Rákóczi is a part of the Executioner’s Bastion. It is a replica of his house in the Turkish exile in Tekirdağ. The exhibition in the memorial house presents relics reminding the life of the last leader of the anti-Habsburg uprising, the history of the replica of his house in Rodosto and the funeral of Rákóczi and his brothers-in-arms in Košice in 1906.

The bronze sculpture of Francis II Rákóczi was unveiled on April 3, 2006 in front of the house.

Buildings and structures in Košice
Rákóczi family
Fortifications in Slovakia
Tourist attractions in Košice
Edmund Heath

Edmund Heath (September 13, 1813 – January 21, 1883) was a Quebec lumber merchant and political figure. He was a Conservative member of the 1st Canadian Parliament representing Pontiac.

He was born in Bristol, England in 1813. He settled in Clarendon township in Lower Canada, where he entered the timber trade. Heath helped found the Bytown and Prescott Railway in 1853. In 1855, he was appointed Crown lands agent at Fort-Coulonge. He also served as major in the Pontiac county militia. He was elected to the 6th Parliament of the Province of Canada representing Pontiac in 1857; he was defeated in the election of 1861. In 1867, he was elected to the House of Commons.

He died at Clarendon in 1883.

References
 
 

1813 births
1883 deaths
English emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada East
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Immigrants to Lower Canada
Anglophone Quebec people
Bulbophyllum fletcherianum

Bulbophyllum fletcherianum, the tongue orchid, Fletcher's bulbophyllum or Spies' bulbophyllum, is a rare orchid native to southern New Guinea. It prefers sunny rock outcrops or mossy tree branches, but besides being lithophytic or epiphytic, it can also be pseudo-terrestrial. The tongue orchid requires high humidity and moist roots.

It is one of the largest species of orchid in the world, with leaves growing to almost 1.8 meters (6 feet) or even 2.1 meters (7 feet) with a width of up to 30 cm (one foot) from a pseudobulb the size of an orange. The leaf is pendant and can be green, or purple with green edges, and is the largest leaf of any known orchid. It is allied to other large orchid species such as B. phalaenopsis and B. macrobulbon.

The flowers are maroon and spike-shaped, and release an over-powering aroma which attracts blowflies and carrion beetles for pollination.  The fragrance of these flowers, like those of B. beccarii, have been compared to a whole herd of dead elephants.

Melbourne Royal Botanic Gardens 
The specimen at the Tropical House, Melbourne Royal Botanic Gardens was collected in Papua New Guinea in the early 1970s by a local orchid collector, and is mounted on cork oak. As of 2006, it has flowered just three times: in 1980, 2002, and 2005.

References 

fletcherianum
Epiphytic orchids
Orchids of New Guinea
Orchids of Papua New Guinea
X-Men: The 198

X-Men: The 198 is a comic book limited series that was published by Marvel Comics and set in the Marvel Universe shortly after the House of M and Decimation events.  The five-issue series began publication in January 2006.

The series focuses on the supporting cast of the X-Men, whose ranks have been severely depleted following Decimation.

Plot
In House of M #7, the Scarlet Witch removes the powers of the overwhelming majority of the world's mutants in an event, eventually called "M-Day". As a reaction, the United States government forms a superhuman-monitoring Office of National Emergency (ONE), and sets up a team of human-piloted Sentinel robots (Sentinel Squad ONE) to monitor the Xavier Institute.  X-Men: The 198 revolves around the tension and conflicts of the 198 mutant refugees on the Xavier Institute grounds and the Sentinel Squad ONE. Tensions also rise between X-Men.

Xavier's Mansion Mutant Sanctuary
After the events of Decimation, many of the remaining mutants sought refuge at the Xavier Institute. Due to the suggestion of Erg, they are referred to as  The 198.  These include the following:

The list excludes Xavier Institute staff members and the remaining student body as well as the Sentinel Squad O*N*E.

The 198 Files
The 198 Files is a database maintained by O*N*E that attempts to classify and provide intelligence on the mutants whose powers remained after M-Day. The one-shot X-Men: The 198 Files is set in the style of a government dossier and sent to O*N*E's deputy director Valerie Cooper. It provides the classification of 134 of the 198 mutants supposedly unaffected by M-Day and was released in January 2006 as a counterpart to the five-part limited series The 198 which shows the conflict of the remaining mutants seeking refuge at the Xavier Institute, and the Sentinel Squad O*N*E.

Bibliography
X-Men: The 198 Files (January 2006)
X-Men: The 198 #1-5 (January–May 2006)

2006 comics debuts
Victor Reinganum

Victor Reinganum (1907–1995) was a British artist and illustrator, probably best known for his illustrations on book dustjackets, including the first editions of Muriel Spark's The Ballad of Peckham Rye (1960) and The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1961).

Reinganum was born in London, England, on 13 September 1907 and died on 24 January 1995, aged 87.

During 1925–1928, Reinganum studied at Heatherley School of Fine Art and the Académie Julian, Paris, also taking private lessons with Léger. In 1928, he joined Elstree Studios and was an art director there until 1929 when he became a freelance illustrator. He was a prolific contributor to the Radio Times, including the cover of at least one Christmas issue. In 1960 he designed the first Radio Times cover to mark the Eurovision Song Contest.

The book Surrealism in England – 1936 and After (1986) says of him:

References

External links
 Diagram (1939) in the Tate Gallery, UK
 The Three Graces (1968) in the Paisnel Gallery, London
 Victor Reinganum at artprice.com
 Victor Reinganum at classiccrimefiction.com
 Christmas 1941 issue of Radio Times, page 2, with illustration by Reinganum

1907 births
1995 deaths
Artists from London
English illustrators
British surrealist artists
Alumni of the Heatherley School of Fine Art
Académie Julian alumni
Coregonus albula

Coregonus albula, known as the vendace or as the European cisco, is a species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It is found in lakes in northern Europe, especially Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Russia and Estonia, and in some lakes of Norway, the United Kingdom, northern Germany, and Poland. It is also found in diluted brackish water in the Gulfs of Finland and Bothnia, both of which are in the Baltic Sea.

The length of an adult is normally about . The maximum age is about ten years. 

The vendace is traditionally the most important target of freshwater fisheries in parts of Fennoscandia and Russia. Vendace roe is considered a delicacy, which has been granted a PDO status in the Swedish Bothnian Bay archipelago (Kalix löjrom).

Description
The vendace is a slim and streamlined fish with an adipose fin - an additional small fin on the back between the dorsal fin and the tail (caudal fin) which is typical in the salmon family. Its lower jaw is longer than the upper one. It is similar in appearance to both the common whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus sensu lato), whose upper jaw is longer than its lower one, and the peled (Coregonus peled), whose jaws are of equal length. The back is bluish green or brown, the flanks are silvery and the belly white. This fish seldom grows more than  long.

Biology
Vendace mainly feed on zooplankton, such as small crustaceans and their larvae, but larger fish also feed on floating insects and fish fry. The fish live in schools made up of large groups of individuals. They lay their eggs on pebbly or sandy ground, some in shallow water and others at depths of down to . The fish mature at a young age and most spawn for the first time in their second year, but a few may breed in their first autumn.

Systematics 
The European vendace is very closely related to the Siberian Coregonus sardinella (sardine cisco) and also to C. peled, although phenotypic differences are clear.

Within the vendace, taxonomic subdivisions have been suggested both on geographical grounds and between sympatric ecotypes.
FishBase lists the British populations of vendace as a separate species, Coregonus vandesius, but this distinction is not accepted by all scientists.

Coregonus albula generally breeds in the autumn, but in several North European lakes distinct spring-spawning populations of vendace exist, some of which have been described as separate species: in Sweden, as Coregonus trybomi, and in two lakes of northern Germany, as Coregonus fontanae and Coregonus lucinensis. These populations are sympatric with autumn-spawning vendace and seem to have evolved post-glacially from them independently in each lake.

See also
Cisco
Nanbanzuke

References 

albula
Fish described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Freshwater fish of Europe