alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Dick Garmaker

Richard Eugene Garmaker (October 29, 1932 – June 13, 2020) was an American basketball player who played professionally in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1955 to 1961.

College career
Garmaker was a 6'3" guard/forward from the University of Minnesota.  He was a 1955 consensus All-American for the Golden Gophers, along with Sihugo Green (Duquesne), Tom Gola (LaSalle), Bill Russell (San Francisco) and Dick Ricketts (Duquesne).

Professional career
He was drafted by the NBA's Minneapolis Lakers twice (in 1954 and again in 1955) and joined the team for the 1955–56 NBA season.  In his four-and-a-half seasons with the Lakers, Garmaker appeared as an NBA All-Star four times.  He had his finest season in 1956–57, in which he ranked tenth in the league in points per game (16.3) and earned a spot on the All-NBA second team.  In 1960, he was traded to the New York Knicks for Ray Felix and a draft pick, and he retired with the Knicks in 1961, having scored 5,597 career points.

Death
Dick Garmaker died at age 87 on June 13, 2020.

NBA career statistics

Regular season

Playoffs

References

External links
Career stats @basketball-reference.com

1932 births
2020 deaths
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Minnesota
Hibbing High School alumni
Junior college men's basketball players in the United States
Minneapolis Lakers draft picks
Minneapolis Lakers players
Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball players
National Basketball Association All-Stars
New York Knicks players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Sportspeople from Hibbing, Minnesota
Brownwood Independent School District

The Brownwood Independent School District is a public school district in Brownwood, Texas (USA). It was established in 1883.

It is best known as the longtime home of high school football coach Gordon Wood, who during his career won nine state championships, seven of them at Brownwood.

In 2009, the school district was rated "recognized" by the Texas Education Agency.

Schools

Grades 9-12 
Brownwood High School

Grades 7-8 
Brownwood Middle School

Grades 5-6 
Brownwood Intermediate School

Grade 4 
Coggin Fourth Grade

Grades K-3 
East Elementary
Northwest Elementary
Woodland Heights Elementary
2005 National Blue Ribbon School

References

External links 
 

School districts in Brown County, Texas
School districts established in 1883
Lepton epoch

In cosmological models of the Big Bang, the lepton epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe in which the leptons dominated the mass of the Universe. It started roughly 1 second after the Big Bang, after the majority of hadrons and anti-hadrons annihilated each other at the end of the hadron epoch. During the lepton epoch, the temperature of the Universe was still high enough to create neutrino and electron-positron pairs. Approximately 10 seconds after the Big Bang, the temperature of the universe had fallen to the point where electron-positron pairs were gradually annihilated. A small residue of electrons needed to charge-neutralize the Universe remained along with free streaming neutrinos: an important aspect of this epoch is the neutrino decoupling. The Big Bang nucleosynthesis epoch follows, overlapping with the photon epoch.

See also
 Timeline of the early universe
 Chronology of the universe
 Cosmology
 Big Bang

References

Physical cosmology
Big Bang
Hadron epoch

In physical cosmology, the hadron epoch started 20 microseconds after the Big Bang. The temperature of the universe had fallen sufficiently to allow the quarks from the preceding quark epoch to bind together into hadrons. Initially, the temperature was high enough to allow the formation of hadron/anti-hadron pairs, which kept matter and anti-matter in thermal equilibrium. Following the annihilation of matter and antimatter, a nano-asymmetry of matter remains to the present day. Most of the hadrons and anti-hadrons were eliminated in annihilation reactions, leaving a small residue of hadrons. Upon elimination of anti-hadrons, the Universe was dominated by photons, neutrinos and electron-positron pairs. One refers to this period as the lepton epoch.

See also
 Timeline of the early universe
 Chronology of the universe
 Big Bang
 
Physics 175: Stars and Galaxies - The Big Bang, Matter and Energy; Ithaca College, New York.

References

Physical cosmology
Big Bang
Pink cusk-eel

The pink cusk-eel, Genypterus blacodes, is a demersal species of cusk-eel found in the oceans around southern Australia, Chile, Brazil, and around New Zealand except the east coast of Northland, in depths of .  Their length is up to , and they live for up to 30 years. Their maximum weight is .

This species has a pinkish yellow body marbled with irregular reddish brown blotches dorsally, with no dorsal spines or anal spines.

Other names in English include ling, Australian rockling, New Zealand ling, kingklip, pink ling, and northern ling.  The South African kingklip is a similar, related species (Genypterus capensis).

This species feeds on crustaceans such as Munida and scampi but also takes fish. It has been caught on the bottom during the spawning season of the blue grenadier (Macruronus novaezelandiae) while feeding on the species. Juveniles of this species are found in shallower shelf waters. This species is oviparous, and its eggs float on the surface in a pelagic mass.

In the month-long NORFANZ Expedition of 2003 which was examining the biodiversity of the seamounts and slopes of the Norfolk Ridge near New Zealand, a single specimen weighing  was collected.

This species is of major importance to commercial fisheries, with catches in 2011 amounting to . It is utilized fresh, frozen or smoked, and can be fried or baked.

References

 
 
 Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand,  (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982) 

Ophidiidae
Fish of the Pacific Ocean
Fish described in 1801
Taxa named by Johann Reinhold Forster
Electroweak epoch

In physical cosmology, the electroweak epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe when the temperature of the universe had fallen enough that the strong force separated from the electroweak interaction, but was high enough for electromagnetism and the weak interaction to remain merged into a single electroweak interaction above the critical temperature for electroweak symmetry breaking (159.5±1.5 GeV
in the Standard Model of particle physics). Some cosmologists place the electroweak epoch at the start of the inflationary epoch, approximately 10−36 seconds after the Big Bang. Others place it at approximately 10−32 seconds after the Big Bang when the potential energy of the inflaton field that had driven the inflation of the universe during the inflationary epoch was released, filling the universe with a dense, hot quark–gluon plasma. Particle interactions in this phase were energetic enough to create large numbers of exotic particles, including W and Z bosons and Higgs bosons. As the universe expanded and cooled, interactions became less energetic and when the universe was about 10−12 seconds old, W and Z bosons ceased to be created at observable rates. The remaining W and Z bosons decayed quickly, and the weak interaction became a short-range force in the following quark epoch.

The electroweak epoch ended with an electroweak phase transition, the nature of which is unknown. If first order, this could source a gravitational wave background. The electroweak phase transition is also a potential source of baryogenesis, provided the Sakharov conditions are satisfied.

In the minimal Standard Model, the transition during the electroweak epoch was not a first- or a second-order phase transition but a continuous crossover, preventing any baryogenesis,
or the production of an observable gravitational wave background.

However many extensions to the Standard Model including supersymmetry and the two-Higgs-doublet model have a first-order electroweak phase transition (but require additional CP violation).

See also

Chronology of the universe

References

Physical cosmology
Big Bang
Mai Satoda

is a former member of the Hello! Project group Country Musume, singer, model and talent.

Personal life
Her husband is Japanese baseball player Masahiro Tanaka, who pitched for the New York Yankees from 2014 to 2020. They had a little boy in 2016.

Biography
She was also a member of Hello! Project's futsal team, Gatas Brilhantes H.P. She has released one self-titled solo photobook and also a single,  with the comedian duo, Fujioka Fujimaki.

In early 2007, Satoda was added to the unit Pabo () along with Suzanne and Yukina Kinoshita, created by the Fuji TV's quiz show Quiz! Hexagon II. The group released the single "Koi no Hexagon", used as the show's closing theme. She was later added to the group Ongaku Gatas.

Discography and releases

in Hello! Project - Up-Front Group Discography

Singles (Country Musume.)

In Country Musume. ni Rika Ishikawa (Morning Musume.)

In Country Musume. ni Konno to Fujimoto (Morning Musume.)

Singles (Romans)

In Romans

Singles (Mai Satoda with Fujimaki Fujioka)

Mai Satoda with Fujimaki Fujioka

Singles (Ongaku Gatas)

In Ongaku Gatas
 
 
 Come Together (released Sep 10, 2008)
 READY! KICK OFF!! (released Mar 6, 2010)

Albums

In Country Musume.

In Ongaku Gatas
 1st GOODSAL (released Feb 6, 2008)

Other Discography

Singles
 
 
 "Don't leave me" (with Gōda Kazoku, released June 17, 2009)

In Pabo

In Aladdin

Photobooks
 
 My Life (released March 21, 2007)
 Mai-Thai (released December 26, 2007)

References

External links
 里田まいの里田米 - Satoda's personal blog 
 里田まい - hi5 private profile 
 Official Hello! Project profile 
 Up-Front Works: Mai Satoda Official discography entry 
 Hello! Database: Mai Satoda 
  

1984 births
Living people
Japanese female models
Japanese television personalities
Japanese idols
Japanese women pop singers
Country Musume members
Elegies (group) members
7Air members
Singers from Sapporo
Grand unification epoch

In physical cosmology, assuming that nature is described by a Grand Unified Theory, the grand unification epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch, starting at about 10−43 seconds after the Big Bang, in which the temperature of the universe was comparable to the characteristic temperatures of grand unified theories. If the grand unification energy is taken to be 1015 GeV, this corresponds to temperatures higher than 1027 K. During this period, three of the four fundamental interactions — electromagnetism, the strong interaction, and the weak interaction — were unified as the electronuclear force.  Gravity had separated from the electronuclear force at the end of the Planck era.  During the grand unification epoch, physical characteristics such as mass, charge, flavour and colour charge were meaningless.

The grand unification epoch ended at approximately 10−36 seconds after the Big Bang. At this point several key events took place. The strong force separated from the other fundamental forces. 
It is possible that some part of this decay process violated the conservation of baryon number and gave rise to a small excess of matter over antimatter (see baryogenesis). This phase transition is also thought to have triggered the process of cosmic inflation that dominated the development of the universe during the following inflationary epoch.

See also
 Big Bang
 Chronology of the universe
 Ultimate fate of the universe

References

Physical cosmology
Big Bang
57th Academy Awards

The 57th Academy Awards were presented March 25, 1985, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. Jack Lemmon presided over the ceremonies. This ceremony marked the first time that multiple black nominees would win an Oscar, when Prince and Stevie Wonder won for their respective work on Purple Rain and The Woman in Red. Additionally, it was the only time that all five nominees in Best Original Song topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Amadeus won eight awards, including Best Picture. Other winners included The Killing Fields with three awards, A Passage to India and Places in the Heart with two, and Charade, Dangerous Moves, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Purple Rain, The Stone Carvers, The Times of Harvey Milk, Up, and The Woman in Red with one.

While presenting the Best Picture award, Laurence Olivier forgot to list the nominees and simply tore open the envelope to declare: "Amadeus!". Upon accepting the award on the film's behalf, producer Saul Zaentz had the presence of mind to mention the other Best Picture nominees during his speech to make up for Olivier's flub.

Awards

Nominees were announced on February 6, 1985. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger ().

Honorary Academy Awards
 James Stewart "for his fifty years of memorable performances. For his high ideals both on and off the screen. With the respect and affection of his colleagues."
 National Endowment for the Arts "in recognition of its 20th anniversary and its dedicated commitment to fostering artistic and creative activity and excellence in every area of the arts."

Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award
 David L. Wolper

Special Achievement Academy Award
 The River – Kay Rose for Sound Effects Editing

Presenters and performers

The following persons, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers.

Presenters

Performers

Multiple nominations and awards

These films had multiple nominations:

11 nominations: Amadeus and A Passage to India
7 nominations: The Killing Fields and Places in the Heart
5 nominations: 2010: The Year We Make Contact and The River
4 nominations: The Natural
3 nominations: Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes and A Soldier's Story
2 nominations: The Bostonians, Broadway Danny Rose, The Cotton Club, Footloose, Ghostbusters, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and Under the Volcano

The following films received multiple awards.

8 wins: Amadeus
3 wins: The Killing Fields
2 wins: A Passage to India and Places in the Heart

See also
42nd Golden Globe Awards
5th Golden Raspberry Awards
1984 in film
 Submissions for the 57th Academy Award for Best Foreign Film
 27th Grammy Awards
 36th Primetime Emmy Awards
 37th Primetime Emmy Awards
 38th British Academy Film Awards
 39th Tony Awards

References

Academy Awards ceremonies
1984 film awards
1985 in Los Angeles
1985 in American cinema
March 1985 events in the United States
Academy
Television shows directed by Marty Pasetta
110393 Rammstein

110393 Rammstein, provisional designation , is a background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 11 October 2001, by French astronomer Jean-Claude Merlin at the Le Creusot Observatory in France. The asteroid was named after the German industrial metal band Rammstein.

Orbit and classification 

Rammstein is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,630 days; semi-major axis of 2.71 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.

The body's observation arc begins with its first observation made by LONEOS at Lowell Observatory in September 2001, less than a month prior to its official discovery observation at Le Creusot.  A telescope is required to see Rammstein, as its maximum brightness is  of the brightness of the faintest objects that can be seen with the unaided eye.

Physical characteristics 

The asteroid's spectral type is unknown.

Diameter and albedo 

Rammstein has not been observed by any of the space-based surveys such as the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite or the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. Based on a generic magnitude-to-diameter conversion, the asteroid measures 3.0 and 5.5 kilometers in diameter based on an absolute magnitude of 15.0 and a geometric albedo of 0.20 and 0.06, which roughly correspond to a body of carbonaceous and stony composition, respectively (both types are common in the central asteroid belt). The Minor Planet Center (MPC) similarly estimates the object's mean-diameter to be between 3 and 6 kilometers.

Rotation period 

As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of Rammstein has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, shape and poles remain unknown.

Naming 

This minor planet was named after the German NDH-Metal band Rammstein, which in turn took its name from the city of Ramstein after the tragic 1988 air show disaster at Ramstein Air Base (also see Ramstein air show disaster). The official naming citation was published by the MPC on 19 February 2006 ().

References

External links 
 Further information about the observatory
 
 

110393
Discoveries by Jean-Claude Merlin
Named minor planets
110393 Rammstein
20011011
John McMurtrie

John McMurtrie (born 1969) is a British music photographer. He makes portraits of musicians, usually in the heavy rock arena. He has shot covers for Metal Hammer magazine and Total Guitar magazine and also contributes to Rolling Stone (USA) and Q magazine (UK).

He is the official photographer for Iron Maiden and author of the book Iron Maiden: On Board Flight 666, a behind-the-scenes photo documentary. It includes photographs taken during the Somewhere Back In Time Tour (2008–09) and The Final Frontier Tour (2010–11) aboard the band's custom Boeing 757, Ed Force One. A presentation of the book was held from 5 to 31 August 2011 at the British Music Experience at the London O2.

On 20 November 2014, the paperback version of On Board Flight 666 was published by Orion.

IRON MAIDEN ROYAL MAIL STAMPS - John Photographed 5 of the 8 Special postal stamps issued in Feb 2023.

On 29 March 2012 at the 2011 Professional Photographer of the Year awards, McMurtrie won the Best Portfolio award and was runner-up for News Editorial Photographer of the Year.
He was a runner-up for News Photographer of the Year in 2011 and was nominated for the 2012 Terry O'Neill award.

He was listed in Professional Photographer magazine's "100 Photography Heroes" 2013 special issue.

References

External links
 

1969 births
Living people
British photographers
Rock music photographers
Gimme! Coffee

Gimme! Coffee is a coffee roaster and third-wave coffee shop, based in New York, with espresso bars in Ithaca and Trumansburg. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Gimme! announced the permanent closure of the Manhattan and Brooklyn based locations and also began an Ithaca-area delivery service. Gimme! Coffee also has a wholesale service that caters to coffee and espresso establishments. In January 2020, Colleen Anunu replaced founder Kevin Cuddeback as CEO after he served 20 years in the role.  Anunu then transitioned the company into a worker-owned cooperative, which it remains since July 25, 2022. A focus at Gimme is to form relationships with farmers who grow coffee. As part of this bond between consumer and producer, the farmer may receive a price premium, which in turn, can help them improve their operations.

Awards
In 2006, the New York Times named Gimme! Coffee among the best espresso bars in New York City. Gimme! Coffee received a Good Food Award, in the coffee category, for 2011 and 2012. Roast magazine chose Gimme! Coffee as winner of their 2013 Roaster of the Year contest (macro category). Dark Forest Chocolate collaborated with Gimme! Coffee to make an espresso based chocolate bar that won a Good Food Award in 2019.

Unionization 
In May 2017, the upstate New York Gimme employees formed a union through the Tompkins County Workers' Center. In February 2018, the group ratified its first union contract. Only 3 years later, in March 2021, the baristas voted to decertify their union, citing interpersonal challenges and unresolved issues with Workers United.

College Partners
In August 2014, Gimme! opened an espresso bar in Gates Hall on Cornell University main campus.

Subsequently, in 2017 an agreement was reached with Ithaca College to begin serving Gimme Coffee on campus.

See also
 List of coffeehouse chains

References

Further reading
 "Courtyard Café is abuzz with a new brew" by Franklin Crawford, Cornell Chronicle, March 2005
 "Masters of the Bean" by Brendan Vaughan, Chow, September 2005
 "New Roastery Eases Growing Pains" by Katherine Graham, The Ithaca Journal, August 16, 2006
 "Best U.S. Coffee Bars" by Nick Pandolfi, Food & Wine, September 2008

External links
 

Coffeehouses and cafés in the United States
Restaurants in New York (state)
Companies based in New York (state)
Restaurants established in 2000
2000 establishments in New York (state)
National Cryptologic School

The National Cryptologic University (NCU) (formerly known as the National Cryptologic School, or the NCS) is a school within the National Security Agency that provides training to members of the Intelligence Community.

The National Cryptologic University is a Cryptologic Training School within the National Security Agency (NSA). It is responsible for designing, developing, and delivering curriculum in cryptology, information assurance, language, and leadership.

It was opened on November 1, 1965, and is now housed on multiple campuses, including the NSA's Friendship Annex facility in Linthicum, Maryland.

It was renamed from the National Cryptologic School to the National Cryptologic University in 2022.

NCU courses are provided to the civilian and military population of the NSA, as well as the Intelligence Community, the military services, and the Central Security Service (CSS). Many of the courses are accredited by the American Council on Education and the Council on Occupational Education, and are eligible for transfer credits at a variety of educational institutions.

Training is delivered via computer-based methods, as well as in the traditional classroom setting. Employees have access to thousands of web-based training courses developed by NSA, as well as those offered by a variety of vendors and agencies throughout the Intelligence Community.

See also 
Dundee Society
Zendian problem
Government Code and Cypher School

References

External links 
 
 
 

National Security Agency
Cryptologic education
Universities and colleges accredited by the Council on Occupational Education
Wenyukela

Wenyukela is an album by the South African isicathamiya group Ladysmith Black Mambazo. The album was expected to have (and it did have) a solemn touch; it was the first album release after the murder of leader Joseph Shabalala's wife Nellie, in May 2002. It was released on 5 March 2003. A British version with four extra tracks was released under the title Raise Your Spirit Higher: Wenyukela. An American version titled Raise Your Spirit Higher was released in January 2004.

Track listing
 "Wenyukela (Raise Your Spirit Higher)"
 "Uqinisil' Ubaba (The Lord is the Light and the Truth)"
 "Selingelethu Sonke"
 "Wangibambezela (Don't Waste His Time)"
 "Wenza Ngani? (How Did You Do That)"
 "Udidekil' Umhlaba (Lord's Work)"
 "Iyahlonipha Lengane"
 "Wamlul' Umshado (Beautiful Wedding)"
 "Because I Love You"
 "Black Is Beautiful"
 "Music Knows No Boundaries"
 "Fak' Ibhande (Don't Drink and Drive)"
 "Tribute"

References

2003 albums
Ladysmith Black Mambazo albums
Registered cardiovascular invasive specialist

A registered cardiovascular invasive specialist or RCIS assists a cardiologist with cardiac catheterization procedures in the United States.  These procedures can determine if a blockage exists in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle and can help diagnose other problems.

To become registered they have to pass the registry proctored by CCI (Cardiovascular Credentialing International). The exam consists of 170 multiple choice questions.  Some questions involve mathematical computation as well as pictures where one must identify anatomy and equipment.  To be registry eligible, they must have worked in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory for at least one year or have graduated from a registry–eligible program.

See also
 Cardiac catheterization

References

Cardiology
Eish merahrah

Eish merahrah (, , "smoothed-out bread", "spread-out bread") is a flatbread, made with ground fenugreek seeds and maize, eaten in Egypt. It is part of the traditional diet of the Egyptian countryside, prepared locally in village homes in Upper Egypt. The loaves are flat and wide, and usually about 50 cm in diameter. A soft dough is made with the maize flour and left to ferment overnight with a sourdough starter, shaped into round loaves, and then allowed to rise or “proof” for 30 minutes before being flattened into round disks and baked. 

These loaves can be kept for one to two weeks in an airtight container. The addition of fenugreek seeds is thought to increase the protein content, storage length, and digestibility of the bread.

References

Arab cuisine
Egyptian breads
Flatbreads
Sourdough breads
Peng Xiuwen

Peng Xiuwen (; 7 February 1931 – 28 December 1996) was a noted Chinese conductor and composer. He was a native of Wuhan, Hubei province, in central China.

Peng learned to play the erhu beginning at age seven.  In 1956, he became the conductor and director of China Broadcasting Chinese Orchestra, an orchestra of Chinese traditional (and modernized traditional) instruments, based in Beijing.

Peng Xiuwen arranged numerous traditional music pieces for the Chinese orchestra. Among these is a piece of orchestral music inspired by Tang dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu's famous poem "Spring River in the Flower Moon Night" (Chun Jiang Hua Yue Ye, 春江花月夜) first written by Liu Raozhang (柳堯章) in 1925 based on an older tune for pipa. It has since entered the classical repertoire for the traditional Chinese instrument guzheng. He also adapted music pieces originally written for a Western orchestra to be played in a Chinese orchestra, such as Dance of the Yao People, as well as Bizet's Carmen suite.

References

External links
Peng Xiuwen interview (in Chinese)

1931 births
1996 deaths
Chinese male composers
Chinese conductors (music)
Musicians from Wuhan
20th-century composers
Chinese composers
20th-century Chinese musicians
20th-century conductors (music)
20th-century male musicians
UTC+08:30

UTC+08:30 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +08:30.

History
This time zone became the Local Mean Time in Davao Oriental and in easternmost areas of the Philippines from January 1, 1845, until May 10, 1899, by the virtue of Claveria's decree to reform the country calendar by skipping December 31, 1844, that redrew the International Date Line from being west of the country to go east and made the Philippines have same dates with the rest of Asia. The whole archipelago was an entire day behind its neighboring Asian territories for 323 years, 9 months, and 2 weeks since Magellan's arrival in Limasawa on March 16, 1521, that caused by the tricky and unmentioned international date line during the 16th century.

UTC+08:30 was Standard Time of South Korea from 1954 to 1961 and it was the time zone of North Korea from 2015 to 2018. This time was also used for Changpai Time Zone in northeast China between 1918 and 1949.

See also
Time in China
Time in North Korea
Time in South Korea

References

 

UTC offsets
Time in North Korea
Irkut (river)

The Irkut (; Buryat and , Erhüü gol) is a river in the Buryat Republic and Irkutsk Oblast of Russia. It is a left tributary of the Angara. It flows out of lake Ilchir which is situated 50 km away from the highest peak of the Eastern Sayan Mountains, Munku-Sardyk. The length of the river is . The area of its basin is . The Irkut freezes up in late October or mid-November and stays icebound until late April or early May. The city of Irkutsk is located at the mouth of the Irkut on the Angara.

References

Rivers of Irkutsk Oblast
Rivers of Buryatia
Peacekeeping Monument

Reconciliation: The Peacekeeping Monument is a monument in Ottawa, the capital of Canada, commemorating Canada's role in international peacekeeping and the soldiers who have participated and are currently participating, both living and dead.

It is located between St. Patrick Street and Murray Street, in the centre of the intersection where they meet Mackenzie Avenue and Sussex Drive; this places it just south of the National Gallery of Canada and just north of the American Embassy and Major's Hill Park. Artist Jack Harman built the three soldiers with architects Richard and Gregory Henriquez designing the site concept and monument  structures. Cornelia Oberlander was the landscape architect. The monument was completed in 1992.

The work, entitled Reconciliation, depicts three peacekeeping soldiers — two men and a woman — standing on two ridges of stone which cut through the broken debris of war and converge at a high point, which symbolizes the resolution which peacekeeping brings.  The base of the monument includes Lester Pearson's 1956 quote "We need action not only to end the fighting but to make the peace... My own government would be glad to recommend Canadian participation in such a United Nations force, a truly international peace and police force", as well as the French translation.

In 1995, the Monument was commemorated on the year's $1 coin, following the 1994 commemoration of the National War Memorial.

See also

 Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
 National War Memorial (Canada)
 The Ottawa Memorial

References

National Capital Commission - Reconciliation: The Peacekeeping Monument

Gough, P.J. (2002) ‘Invicta Pax’  Monuments, Memorials and Peace ; an analysis of the Canadian Peacekeeping Monument, Ottawa, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 8, 3. pp. 201–223, ISSN 1352-7258.

Canadian military memorials and cemeteries
Monuments and memorials in Ottawa
Military history of Canada
Peace monuments and memorials
Drei (Glashaus album)

Drei (Three) is the third studio album by German band Glashaus. Entirely written and produced by Moses Pelham and Martin Haas, it was released on 8 May 2005 via 3p Records. Drei debuted and peaked at number 4 on the German Albums Chart, becoming the trio's highest-charting album to date. It marked Cassandra Steen's final album with the band until her hiatus.

Track listing

Personnel
 Martin Haas - keyboard
 Ken Taylor - bass
 Raphael Zweifel - strings

Production
 Executive producers: Martin Haas, Moses Pelham
 Producer: Martin Haas, Moses Pelham
 Vocal assistance: Ali & Stauros, Julian Dettmering, Philipp Heilmann, Paul-Jakob Dettmering, Karl Haas, Benjamin Haas-Formell, Maximilian Haas-Formell, Charles Simmons
 Mixing: Martin Haas, Moses Pelham
 Mixing assistance: Birger Pucs
 Mastering: Chris Athens
 A&R: Moses Pelham
 Art Direction: Jens Klingelhöfer, Nachtwandler, Moses Pelham

Charts

Weekly charts

References

External links

2005 albums
Glashaus albums
Miss New York USA

The Miss New York USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of New York in the Miss USA pageant. It is directed by D&D Productions.

The current titleholder is Rachelle Di Stasio of New York City who was crowned on August 6, 2023. She will represent New York for the title of Miss USA 2023

Background
New York is one of the most successful states at Miss USA, and is ranked third in terms of number and value of placement across all years of competition. New York's strongest run was an unbroken string of placements from 1957 to 1966. New York also had a streak of 3 consecutive 1st runner-up placements from 1972 to 1974. In 1954, Karin Huitman was 2nd runner-up. She later moved up to be 1st runner-up, as the original 1st runner-up, Miss Virginia USA was dethroned due to underage (she was 16). As there was no rule in 1954 that if Miss USA won Miss Universe, first runner-up became Miss USA, Karin was only 1st runner-up. Huitman went on to become Miss World USA 1954 and 1st runner-up at Miss World 1954.

New York has the third (equal) highest number of Miss USA victories. They also have the third highest number of semi-finalist (or better) placings (33).

Four Miss New York USAs have competed at Miss Teen USA, including one who went on to win the Miss USA crown: Kimberly Pressler and the other inherited the Miss USA title: Shanna Moakler. Of these, only three held the title Miss New York Teen USA; one represented Rhode Island (Moakler) and one New Hampshire (Maureen Murray).  Only one Miss New York USA has competed at Miss America.

Gallery of titleholders

Results summary

Placements in Miss USA
Miss USAs: Jackie Loughery (1952), Mary Therese Friel (1979), Kimberly Pressler (1999)
1st runner-up:  Karin Hultman (1954), Mary Rodite (1960), Alberta Phillips (1972), Susan Carlson (1973), Barbara Cooper (1974), Shanna Moakler (1995)
2nd runner-up: Renee Roy (1954)
3rd runner-up: Alexa Currey (1961)
4th runner-up: Arlene Nesbitt (1959)
Top 6: Jennifer Gareis (1994)
Top 10/11/12: Janet Kadlecik (1955), Patricia O'Kane (1955), Virginia Fox (1958), Jeanne Marie Quinn (1963), Debra Sue Maurice (1980), Jennifer Mikelinich (1983), Maureen Murray (1991), Wendy Mock (1993), Carrie Tucker (2000), Karla Cavalli (2002), Meaghan Jarensky (2005),  Hannah Lopa (2017), Andreia Gibau (2020)
Top 15/16/20: Reta Knapp (1953), Sanita Pelkey (1957), Sherralyn Patecell (1962), Dorothy Langhans (1964), Gloria Jon (1965), Nancy Self (1966), June West (1968), Rosemary Hradek (1969), Christina Tefft (1970), Amber Collins (2011), Thatiana Diaz (2015)

New York holds a record of 37 placements at Miss USA.

Awards
Miss Photogenic: Barbara Cooper (1974)
Best State Costume: Nancy Self (1966)

Winners
Color key

Notes

Pageant Hosts 2020: Augusto Valverde (TV Host from Global Child) & Hanna Lopa

References

External links
Official site of Miss New York USA
Miss New York USA 2004 Jaclyn Nesheiwat on Wikimedia Commons

New York
New York (state) culture
 
 
Recurring events established in 1952
1952 establishments in New York (state)
Ura e Shtrenjtë

Ura e Shtrenjtë is a small village in the valley of the river Kir in northern Albania. It was part of the former municipality of Postribë, in Shkodër County. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Shkodër. It is a very small and poor community  making a basic living off the land. The farmers produce a variety of crops, from corn and beans, to raising livestock. Supported by Oxfam, the farmers have also expanded in honey production. The honey is very aromatic, as its source as a mixture of wild chestnut, sage and thyme pollen.

The village is divided in two by a deep gorge, which used to be crossed by a large stone bridge.

A few years ago, the waters of the river were so high that the old bridge was washed away. The community did not have the resources or the money to replace it with a similar one, so all they could do was to lay down a narrow metal plank to serve as a bridge. But not only is this extremely unsafe, it is also little use when, in the springtime, melting snow from the mountain causes the river to swell again. The waters swallow the little makeshift bridge, and can stay that high for up to five or six weeks. During that time, people on one side of the village are totally cut off from the rest of the community and outside world.

References

External links 
 Albania Bridge
 Oxfam- Beekeeping in Ure e Shtrentje
 BBC- Building bridges

Populated places in Shkodër
Villages in Shkodër County
Höhr-Grenzhausen

Höhr-Grenzhausen () is a town in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a centre for the ceramic industry in the Kannenbäckerland with a professional college for ceramics, another for ceramic form, and many others, hence the nickname Kannenbäckerstadt (roughly, “Jug Baking Town”).

Together with the communities of Hillscheid, Hilgert and Kammerforst it has formed the Verbandsgemeinde of Höhr-Grenzhausen – a kind of collective municipality – since 1971.

Geography
Höhr-Grenzhausen lies roughly 10 km west of Montabaur, and 10 km northeast of Koblenz.

Politics

Town council

(as of municipal election on 13 June 2004)

Town partnerships
Höhr-Grenzhausen maintains partnerships with these towns:
 Laigueglia, Riviera, Italy (since 1972)
 Semur-en-Auxois, Burgundy, France (since 1987)

Culture and sightseeing

Museums
In the town are found the Westerwald Ceramics Museum (Keramikmuseum Westerwald) and a museum of the town's history.

Buildings
 Evangelical church
 Grenzau Castle
 Limes Germanicus, a UNESCO World Heritage site, in particular the Ferbach fort

Sport
Höhr-Grenzhausen's outlying centre of Grenzau is home to the TTC Zugbrücke Grenzau, a table tennis club involved in Bundesliga play. Likewise, the Rhineland-Palatinate table tennis Olympic base is found here.

Economy and infrastructure

Economy
RASTAL GmbH & Co. KG, which is a business established in Höhr-Grenzhausen, is one of Europe's biggest manufacturers of decorated drinking vessels, especially beer glasses.

Since the 1500s, the area has been one of the most productive salt-glazed pottery centers in Europe. In the mid 16th century, potters from Raeren in Belgium migrated into the Westerwald, bringing with them some of their moulds. This type of pottery was taken to the New World and was found in the early Chesapeake settlements.

Gray Westerwald pottery is easily recognized with its curling blue flourishes, often in simple floral and leaf patterns. It is still molded by hand and fired in wood-burning kilns throughout the area. The town-wall is decorated all along its full length with huge ceramic pots made by various potters of the area. The International Ceramics Market & Museum Festival is held the first weekend in June, featuring around 150 exhibitors from all over Europe, including Spain, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Poland and Hungary.

Notable people
 Karlheinz Zöller (1928–2005), musician

See also
German Ceramics Society
Waechtersbach ceramics
Darmstadt Artists' Colony

References

Further reading
 

Towns in Rhineland-Palatinate
Westerwaldkreis
German pottery
Frig

Frig may refer to:

 Frig (Anglo-Saxon goddess), a love goddess in Anglo-Saxon paganism
 Frig (interjection), an English word
 Frig (film), a French film
 Len Frig (born 1950), Canadian ice hockey defenceman

See also
 Frigg (disambiguation)
Pittsburg, Alabama

Pittsburg is a community in Lawrence County, Alabama, United States. It has a latitude of 34.52528 and a longitude of -87.20583.  Its elevation is .c The community was named after the industrial heritage of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

References

Unincorporated communities in Alabama
Unincorporated communities in Lawrence County, Alabama
Decatur metropolitan area, Alabama
Crossatron

In electronics, a crossatron is a high-power pulsed modulator device that consists of a cold cathode gas-filled tube that combines features of thyratrons, vacuum tubes, and power semiconductor switches. This switch is capable of operating with voltages in excess of 100 kilovolts by the use of deuterium gas fill to increase the Paschen breakdown voltage, axial molybdenum cathode corrugations to provide a higher current capability, and a Paschen shield that is formed from molybdenum. The terminal curvature of the Paschen shield and of the adjacent portion of the anode are selected to establish a voltage stress at the curved Paschen shield surface within the approximate range of 90–150 kV/cm in response to a 100 kV differential. The cold cathode gives the crossatron an advantage of achievable lifetime and reliability in comparison to a hydrogen-filled thyratron.

It features instant start and rugged operation while enduring high temperatures, high radiation, electromagnetic pulse, and repeated overvoltage and overcurrent events. Crossatron switch applications in power conditioning include high-voltage phase-control-rectifier service, high-frequency DC-to-AC inverter modulation, voltage regulation, command charging, and fault protection. Pulsed power applications include high-speed discharging of capacitors and pulse forming networks, repetitive opening of inductive-energy-storage circuits, modulation of square wave pulses in hard-tube modulators, and fault protection.

References

https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a223766.pdf

Gas-filled tubes
Switching tubes
Deuterium
Starokostiantyniv

Starokostiantyniv (; , or Konstantynów;  Alt Konstantin) is a city in Khmelnytskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Starokostiantyniv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population:

History

Starokostiantyniv was founded in the 16th century when Konstanty Ostrogski built a fortress at the village of Kolishchentsi. The surviving Starokostiantyniv Castle was constructed by his son between 1561 and 1571. The village grew into a town which became known as "Old Constantine's Town" (Kostiantyniv Staryi) to prevent confusion with "New Constantine's Town" in the vicinity. It became a private town of Poland, owned by the Ostrogski family. It was part of Polish Volhynian Voivodeship. 1648 saw the Battle of Starokostiantyniv.

In 1939, 6,743 Jews were living in the city, accounting for 31 percent of the total population. The Jewish community was murdered in mass executions perpetrated from August 1941 until November 1942.

Until 18 July 2020, Starokostiantyniv was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Starokostiantyniv Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three, the city of Starokostiantyniv was merged into Khmelnytskyi Raion.

Notable people
Abraham Goldfaden, poet and playwright, considered father of the modern Jewish theatre
Ben-Zion (1897–1987), painter born in Starokostyantyniv
Jakub Weinles, Polish painter
Anatoliy Bondarchuk, hammer thrower who won the gold medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Blank family, ancestors of Vladimir Lenin
Chana Orloff (1888–1968), art deco and figurative art sculptor

Gallery

References

External links
 Weather in Starokostiantyniv.
 The murder of the Jews of Starokostiantyniv during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.

Cities in Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Volhynian Voivodeship (1569–1795)
Starokonstantinovsky Uyezd
Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine
Cities of regional significance in Ukraine
Holocaust locations in Ukraine
Nadalj

Nadalj () is a village located in the Srbobran municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,202 people (2002 census).

Historical population

1961: 2,441
1971: 2,163
1981: 2,042
1991: 1,952

Notable people
 Momčilo Tapavica, tennis player, weightlifter, wrestler and architect.

See also
List of places in Serbia
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina

References
Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.

External links

Nadalj

Places in Bačka
South Bačka District
Srbobran
AES52

AES52 is a standard first published by the Audio Engineering Society in March 2006 that specifies the insertion of unique identifiers into the AES3 digital audio transport structure.

Background
The AES3 transport stream continues to be used extensively in both discrete and network based audio systems alongside audio stored as files. Audio content is moving towards being handled by asset management systems and descriptive metadata is associated with that content is also being stored within systems. In order to provide a mechanism for AES3 transport streams to have similar abilities to work with content management systems, some form of unique label is required which can provide the link with these systems. One of the unique labels currently standardised in the media industry is the SMPTE UMID (SMPTE 330M-2004) while another commonly used in the Information Technology area is the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) UUID.

Operation
The standard specifies the method for inserting unique identifiers into the user data area of an AES3 stream. This specifically covers the use of UUID as well as a basic or extended SMPTE UMID but can be extended to embed other data types into the AES3 stream by registering these with the AES so the standard can be updated to include these by following AES due process.

External links 
 AES52-2006 from the AES standards web site

Audio engineering
Audio Engineering Society standards
Unique identifiers
Broadcasting standards
Ogunlade Davidson

Ogunlade Davidson (26 May 1949 – 8 October 2022) was a Sierra Leonean scientist who was co-chair of the Working Group III, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change from 1997 until 2001, during the 4th Assessment Report. He was also an IPCC Vice-Chair from 2008-2014. From 1996 to 2000, he held the post of  Dean of the   Faculty of Engineering, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone.

Davidson was appointed Minister of Energy and Water Resources of Sierra Leone during the Ernest Bai Koroma Administration.

Davidson died in 8 October 2022, at the age of 73.

References

1949 births
2022 deaths
Academic staff of Fourah Bay College
Sierra Leone Creole people
Sierra Leonean scientists
Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences
Stephen Kellogg (politician)

Stephen Wright Kellogg (b. Shelburne, Massachusetts, April 5, 1822 – d. Waterbury, Connecticut, January 27, 1904) was an American politician, attorney, military officer and judge.

He worked on his father's farm until he was twenty, in the winter attending or teaching school. In the fall of 1842 he entered Amherst College, but remained there only two terms; then he joined the class of 1846 at Yale College, where he was a member of Skull and Bones and was graduated with highest honors. Among his classmates and fellow Bonesmen was the Hon. Henry Baldwin Harrison, his lifelong friend.

After a few months of school teaching he entered the Yale Law School, and was admitted to the bar in June, 1848. First he began to practice in Naugatuck, Connecticut, where he remained until 1854, and then having been elected judge of probate for the district of Waterbury, he removed to that then small city. He held this office for seven years. In 1854 the legislature appointed him judge of the New Haven County Court. From 1866 to 1869, and 1877 to 1883, he was the City Attorney of Waterbury, Connecticut; and until a short time before his death he was constantly occupied in the practice of his profession.

Meantime his active mind and restless energy found congenial occupation in the stirring political events of the times. In 1851 he was clerk of the Connecticut State Senate; in 1853 a senator himself; in 1856 a member of the House; and he was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1860, of 1868, and of 1876. Three times he was elected to US Congress from the usually Democratic second district, and his perseverance and success in protecting and advancing both the public and personal interests of his constituents were remarkable.  In 1875, he lost his bid for re-election to James Phelps, but even in this election Kellogg received over 45% of the vote.

He was Colonel of the Second Regiment, Connecticut National Guard, from 1863 to 1866, and Brigadier-General from 1866 to 1870. He was the author and promoter of legislation organizing the active militia in an efficient body known as the Connecticut National Guard. He never lost interest in public affairs, and to them, until within a few weeks of his death, aged 81, his voice and pen were often devoted.

He died on January 27, 1904, in Waterbury and was interred at Riverside Cemetery.

Notes

External links

1822 births
1904 deaths
Burials at Riverside Cemetery (Waterbury, Connecticut)
Connecticut state court judges
People from Shelburne, Massachusetts
Politicians from Waterbury, Connecticut
People of Connecticut in the American Civil War
Republican Party Connecticut state senators
Republican Party members of the Connecticut House of Representatives
Yale Law School alumni
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Connecticut
Military personnel from Connecticut
19th-century American politicians
Yale College alumni
19th-century American judges
Members of Skull and Bones