alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Norbert von Hellingrath

Friedrich Norbert Theodor von Hellingrath (21 March 1888 – 14 December 1916) was a German literary scholar whose main contribution to literary scholarship is the first complete edition of the works of the poet Friedrich Hölderlin.

Biography
Hellingrath was born in Munich: his father was an army officer and his mother claimed descent from the Byzantine Emperor John VI Cantacuzenus. He studied philosophy at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.

Attracted to Hölderlin's poetry from an early age, in 1910 he provided a prefatory essay for the first publication of Hölderlin's translations of Pindar (published in Jena, 1911).

  
From 1912 to 1914 Hellingrath lived and taught in Paris, during which time he began work on his monumental first-ever "Complete Edition" of Hölderlin, Hölderlins Samtliche Werke, collecting together not only all the poems in their variant forms, the novel Hyperion, the unfinished drama The Death of Empedocles, the articles and translations, but also all traceable letters and written accounts of the poet. The enterprise was planned in six volumes. Hellingrath published Volumes I and V in Munich in 1913, but after the outbreak of World War I, he volunteered for military service and was killed in action during the Battle of Verdun on 14 December 1916 at the age of 28.

Legacy
Volume IV appeared posthumously in Munich in 1916, and the edition was completed after the Armistice by Friedrich Seebass and Ludwig von Pigenot; the remaining volumes appeared in Berlin between 1922 and 1923. Though since superseded by two subsequent complete editions (the Stuttgarter and Frankfurter Ausgabe), Hellingrath's pioneering work continues to have value.

The Berlin Edition led to Hölderlin posthumously receiving the recognition that had always eluded him in life. Due to Norbert von Hellingrath's scholarship and advocacy, Hölderlin has been regarded since 1913 as one of the greatest poets ever to write in the German language.

Stefan George, who Hellingrath was friends with, commemorated him in a poem, "Norbert", published in 1928.

References

1888 births
1916 deaths
Writers from Munich
People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
Military personnel of Bavaria
German military personnel killed in World War I
German male writers
The Pacemakers

The Pacemakers may refer to:
The Pacemakers (funk band), a band led by Bootsy Collins
The Pacemakers Drum and Bugle Corps
Gerry and the Pacemakers
 A series of five BBC2 programmes, transmitted February/March 1965, produced by Antony de Lotbiniere and written by Antony Jay
Journal of Conflict Resolution

The Journal of Conflict Resolution is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on international conflict and conflict resolution. It was established in 1957 and is published by SAGE Publications. The editor-in-chief is Paul Huth (University of Maryland, College Park).

History 
The journal was established in 1957. In 1959, the journal was run by the Center for Research on Conflict Resolution at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. When the Center closed in 1971 due to lack of funding, the journal was run by a team at Yale University. Since 2009, the journal has been run by a team at the University of Maryland. Bruce Russett was a long-time editor-in-chief of the journal prior to Paul Huth's appointment as editor-in-chief in 2009.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus, RePEc, and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 3.491, ranking it 8th out of 69 journals in the category "Political Science" and 5th out of 85 journals in the category "International Relations".

References

External links 
 

SAGE Publishing academic journals
English-language journals
International relations journals
Bimonthly journals
Academic journals established in 1957
Peace and conflict studies
UFM100.3

UFM100.3 is a Chinese-language radio station of SPH Media based in Singapore. UFM100.3 is a highly-charged Mandarin music station targeting at working professionals aged between 35 – 49 years old. The station plays popular and familiar mandarin hits, with engaging lifestyle content and current hot topics for the busy individual. The station is organised under the Chinese Media group, which also includes SPH Media's Chinese media publications such as broadsheet Lianhe Zaobao and Shin Min Daily News.

Accolades 
The station is also recognized by the National Arts Council for its contribution towards Singapore's arts sector, being a recipient of the SG50 Arts Patron Award in 2015, a Distinguished Patron of the Arts Award recipient in 2010, 2011, 2014, a Patron of the Arts Award in 2013 and 2015 and a Friend of the Arts Award in 2012.

See also
 List of radio stations in Singapore

References

External links
  

Radio stations in Singapore
Mandarin-language radio stations
SPH Media
William Beatty

William Beatty may refer to:
Sir William Beatty (surgeon) (1773–1842), Irish surgeon in the Royal Navy
William Beatty (Ontario politician) (1835–1898), member of the 1st Parliament of Ontario
William Henry Beatty (1833–1912), Ontario lawyer and businessman
William Rabb Beatty (1851–1905), Ontario businessman
William H. Beatty (1838–1914), former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California
William Beatty (Pennsylvania politician) (1787–1851), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
Will Beatty (born 1985), American football offensive tackle
William L. Beatty (1925–2001), U.S. federal judge

See also
William Beattie (disambiguation)
William Beattie Nesbitt (1866–1913), Ontario physician and political figure
Ferdinand Wüstenfeld

Heinrich Ferdinand Wüstenfeld (31 July 1808 – 8 February 1899) was a German orientalist, known as a literary historian of Arabic literature, born at Münden, Hanover.

He studied theology and oriental languages at Göttingen and Berlin. He taught at Göttingen, becoming a professor there (1842–90). He published many important Arabic texts and valuable works on Arabic history.

Writings and translations

Navavi, Liber concinnitatis nominum (1832)
 (1833–34)
 (1835)
Ibn Challikan, Vitae illustrium virorum (1835–50)
Geschichte der Arabischen Ärzte und Naturforscher (1840)
Navavi, Tahdhib al-Asma, Biographical dictionary of illustrious men (4 bd, 1842–47)
The biographical dictionary of illustrious men, chiefly at the beginning of Islamism; now first ed. from the collation of two mss. at Göttingen and Leiden (1842)
Makrizi, Geschichte der Kopten (1846)
Zakariya al-Qazwini, ‘Aja'ib al-makhluqat, Zakarija Ben Muhammed Ben Mahmud el-Cazwini's Kosmographie (2 vols, 1849)
Ibn Coteiba, Handbuch der Geschichte (1850)
Genealogische Tabellen der arabischen Stämme und Familien (1852)
Register zu den genealogischen Tabellen der arabischen Stämme und Familien (1853)
Ibn Dorejd, Kitab ul-Ishtiqaq, Genealogisch-etymologisches Handbuch (2 bd, 1854)
Vergleichungstabellen der mohammedanischen und christlichen Zeitrechnung (1854)
Ibn Hischam, Das Leben Mohammeds (4 bd. 1857-60)
 Das Leben Muhammed's nach Muhammed Ibn Ishâk; (1858),  Volume: v.01 pt.01
Das Leben Muhammed's nach Muhammed Ibn Ishâk; (1859),  Volume: v.01 pt.02
Das Leben Muhammed's nach Muhammed Ibn Ishâk; (1860), Volume: 02
Geschichte der Stadt Medina (1860)
Chroniken der Stadt Mekka (4 bd, 1857–61)
Jakut, Geographisches Wörterbuch (6 bd, 1866–73)
Bahrein und Jemàma. Nach Arabischen Geographen beschrieben (1874)
Die Statthalter von Agypten (1876)
 
Das Heerwesen der Muhammedaner (1880)
Geschichte der Fatimiden-Chalifen. Nach arabischen Quellen (1881) reprinted 1976
Die Geschichtschreiber der Araber und ihre Werke. (1882)
Die Çufiten in Süd-Arabien im XI. (XVII.) Jahrhundert (1882) (1883)
Der Imam el-Schäfii und seine Anhänger (1889–91)

References 

 

1808 births
1899 deaths
Writers from Hanover
German orientalists
Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
German male non-fiction writers
North Shore Cheetahs

The North Shore Cheetahs are a football club and a member of the Quebec Bantam Football League (QBFL).  They were founded in 2006 after a proposal was accepted at the QBFL's AGM (Annual General Meeting).  The proposed system has both the Cheetahs and the North Shore Lions holding a joint winter evaluation camp.  Throughout the camp, the Lions take the more "polished" players and the Cheetahs (Competing in a lower division) take the rest.  They are a developmental team and the next year, the players have the rights to try out for the Lions once again.

Canadian football teams in Quebec
John 20:19

John 20:19 is the nineteenth verse of the twentieth chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament. It describes what it says is the first appearance of Jesus to his disciples after Resurrection of Jesus, and in a locked room of a house.

Content
The original Koine Greek, according to the Textus Receptus, reads:

In the King James Version of the Bible it is translated as:
Then the same day at evening, being the first day of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled for fear of the Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and saith unto them, Peace be unto you.

The modern World English Bible translates the passage as:
When therefore it was evening, on that day, the first day of the week, and when the doors were locked where the disciples were assembled, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in the midst, and said to them, "Peace be to you."

For a collection of other versions see BibleHub John 20:19

Analysis
The account of Jesus' first appearance in the Gospel of John (20:19–23; ) shows similarity to the account in the Gospel of Luke (Luke 24:36), that it happened in Jerusalem in the evening of his resurrection from the dead.

Only John mentions that the door was locked, and its "reason" (fear of the Jews to persecute them after their leader was executed), but the "function" is to show the 'miraculous nature of Jesus' appearance', that the risen Jesus is 'no longer bound by normal space conditions'. The door was not merely shut but locked (Greek perfect verb: , ).

The words Peace be with you (,  ) is a common traditional Jewish greeting (shalom alekem, or  shalom lekom; cf. ) still in use today; repeated in John 20:21 & 26), but here Jesus conveys the peace he previously promised to his disciples (; ), causing the rapid switch of their emotion from "fear" (verse 19) to "joy" (verse 20).

The number of the disciples present is not certain, although Thomas' absence is singled out in verse 24, and Judas Iscariot left, but some other disciples less tightly connected could be present as well.

References

Sources

External links
Jesus Appears to His Disciples

20:19
John 20:19
Basso

Basso may refer to:

 Basso (surname), an Italian surname
 Basso & Brooke, a fashion label formed by Bruno Basso and Christopher Brooke
 Campanile Basso, a mountain in the Brenta group 
 San Basso, a Baroque-style deconsecrated Roman Catholic church in central Venice, Italy
 49501 Basso, a minor planet
 Basso Bikes, an Italian bicycle manufacturer

Music 

 Bass (voice type), a type of classical male singing voice and has the lowest vocal range of all voice types
 Basso continuo, parts provided the harmonic structure of the music by supplying a bassline and a chord progression
 Basso profondo, the bass voice subtype with the lowest vocal range

See also 

 Baso (disambiguation)
 Bass (disambiguation)
 Bassa (disambiguation)
 Bassi (disambiguation)
Amazorblades

Amazorblades were one of the early British punk rock groups, as chronicled in Henrik Poulsen's book 77: The Year of Punk and New Wave, from Brighton, England. They released a single, "Common Truth" c/w "Mess Around" on Chiswick Records. It was later featured on the Long Shots, Dead Certs And Odds On Favourites (Chiswick Chartbusters Volume Two) compilation album (1978: Chiswick).

Band member Chopper went on to join the Oysterband. Fellow member Ben Mandelson (aka Hijaz Mustapha) was a founder member of 3 Mustaphas 3 with Chopper and is now a noted world music record producer. Rob Keyloch is currently running a successful recording studio.

Drummer Steve Harris died on 11 January 2008.

References

External links
 Amazorblades Journal
 Punk vinyls

English punk rock groups
Clen Denning

Clen Charles Denning (28 February 1911 – 9 November 2009) was an Australian rules footballer in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Family
The son of Thomas Clen Denning (1879-1917), and Agnes Caroline Denning (1880-1974), née Gunther, Clen Charles Denning was born at Collingwood, Victoria on 28 February 1911.

He married Winifred Adelaide Newman (1915-2002) in 1938.

Football
Soon after he turned 16, Denning played for Victorian Football Association (VFA) club Oakleigh. He got his start in the VFL after a long wait when Oakleigh coach Frank Maher moved to coach the Carlton Football Club. Denning debuted with Carlton in 1935.

Early in his career, Denning made a name for himself as a promising goalkicker; he scored six goals from his first six kicks—all in his first match—a record that stands to this day.

He only stayed with Carlton until the end of 1937, having played 18 games for 23 goals.

In 1938, he crossed over to the Fitzroy Football Club, as he was said to be unhappy at Carlton. He scored 37 goals in 1939 to be their leading goalkicker. From then on he focused more on a defensive role, becoming a back pocket. He represented Victoria at interstate football in 1941, and in 1944 he was back pocket in Fitzroy's premiership side.

After leaving Fitzroy, Denning played for and coached Ararat. In 1958, he was the inaugural VFA coach of the Dandenong Football Club.

Death
From the October 2009 death of Jimmy Bates until his own death, at Keysborough, Victoria on 9 November 2009, at 98 years old, he was the oldest living former VFL player.

References

External links
 
 
 Clen Denning, at The VFA Project.
 Clen Denning, at Blueseum.
Interview with Clen Denning in September 2007

1911 births
2009 deaths
Carlton Football Club players
Fitzroy Football Club players
Fitzroy Football Club premiership players
Oakleigh Football Club players
Dandenong Football Club coaches
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
VFL/AFL premiership players
People from Collingwood, Victoria
Knut Frænkel

Knut Hjalmar Ferdinand Frænkel (14 February 1870 – c. 10 October 1897) was a Swedish engineer and arctic explorer who perished in the Arctic balloon expedition of 1897 of S. A. Andrée in 1897.

Biography
Frænkel was born in Karlstad, Sweden. He was a major in the Road and Waterway Construction Service Corps, and grew up in mountainous Jämtland in the eastern middle part of Sweden, where he acquired an interest in outdoor activities and sports. He later went to the Palmgren School in Stockholm and graduated with a civil engineering degree from the Royal Institute of Technology in 1896, and was preparing himself to enter the Army engineers when the chance came up in 1897 to join S. A. Andrée's planned balloon expedition to the North Pole. The third participant was Nils Strindberg. Frænkel replaced the meteorologist Nils Gustaf Ekholm, who had participated in the preparations but dropped out in the last moment, critical of the construction of the balloon. 

During the balloon expedition, Frænkel was responsible for writing the detailed protocols of everything done by the participants. After the landing on the ice, he wrote the meteorological journal and was responsible for camp arrangements. Having drifted for weeks, they reached the southwest of Kvitøya Island and landed on 5 October 1897. They made a camp on a nearby height where they perished a few days later. Strindberg died first and was buried by the others, Andrée and Frænkel shortly afterwards.

The remains of the expedition were found by accident by the Norwegian Bratvaag Expedition on 6 August 1930. Andrée and Strindberg were found and brought home, while Frænkel's body was found only at a returning expedition in early September when more of the snow and ice had melted. Frænkel and the other two explorers received a funeral with great honors. After cremation, their ashes were interred together at the cemetery Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm.

References

Other sources

1870 births
1897 deaths
Swedish explorers
Swedish engineers
Swedish balloonists
Explorers of the Arctic
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni
Burials at Norra begravningsplatsen
People from Karlstad
Kvitøya
List of Mobile Suit Gundam Wing episodes

This is a list of episodes from the anime series Mobile Suit Gundam Wing, as well as the OVA Endless Waltz. The series originally aired on TV Asahi in Japan from April 7, 1995, to March 29, 1996, and later aired on Cartoon Network's Toonami programming block in the United States from March 6 to May 11, 2000.

Mobile Suit Gundam Wing

Gundam Wing: Operation Meteor
Though set immediately after the end of Gundam Wing, the original video animation (OVA) features seven clips from each Gundam pilot's perspective during the series.  Each segment is introduced and concluded with scenes depicting what has happened to the five pilots in the direct aftermath of the final battle.

Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz

References

Mobile Suit Gundam Wing
Wing
Episodes
Popular Front for the Liberation of Chad

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Chad (Front Populaire pour la Libération du Tchad or FPLT) was a small insurgent group active during the First Chadian Civil War. Founded in 1968 by Awad Mukhtar Nasser, it was based in Sudan and operated along the Chad-Sudan border. After the fall of François Tombalbaye's regime in 1975, it gave up armed struggle as its leadership reconciled with Félix Malloum's new government.  

In 1979 the FPLT reemerged, always under the leadership of Nasser. With few or no roots in Chad, the group was formed mainly to participate to the peace conferences that were being held in Nigeria, where it was meant to represent Sudanese interests. But this plan failed since the FPLT played no part neither in the Kano Accord, nor in the Lagos Accord. All the same the FPLT remained Sudan's main agent in the country till 1982 when Sudan gave all its support to Hissène Habré's government, with the consequent decline of the FPLT.

References

Rebel groups in Chad
Ruthless Records (Chicago)

Ruthless Records was the name of a Chicago punk record label. Founded in 1981 by the Effigies, it was not a real business, but a name used by Chicago and Minneapolis punk bands from 1981 to 1990: Big Black, the Effigies, End Result, Naked Raygun, Rifle Sport and Urge Overkill. The Effigies operated the label from its creation in 1981 until 1984, when they found the label to be distracting from their priorities with the band. They handed the label over to Big Black founder Steve Albini, who ran the label until it dissolved in 1990.

Ruthless Records was an independent label run as a cooperative by Jon Babbin (later founder of Criminal IQ Records), The Effigies, Naked Raygun and Steve Albini of Big Black fame. After the release of The Effigies' Haunted Town EP, frontman John Kezdy was dissatisfied with the way Autumn Records handled their expenses and decided to start the label with Babbin. Naked Raygun and Big Black came on board shortly after and all three acts worked together to get their initial records released. It wasn't really a company or anything of that sort, just a way for these bands to get their records out. The bands themselves were pretty much responsible for the creation and costs of their own records; Ruthless was just a central name/address to give the appearance of a record company to join like-minded bands.

The latter half of Ruthless' existence (from about 1985 on) was run almost exclusively by Steve Albini and most of the releases were by bands outside Chicago. The label ended around 1990.

Roster

Appliances SFB
Big Black
Black Spot
Brick Layer Cake
Circle Seven
Dark Arts
Dig Dat Hole
The Effigies
End Result
Naked Raygun
Primos
Rifle Sport
Urge Overkill

Label discography

 Effigies – "Bodybag"/"Security" 7", 1982
 Big Black – Lungs EP, (RRBB02, December 1982)
 Effigies – We're Da Machine EP, (E1003, 1983)
 Circle Seven – Suburban Hope 12" (1000, 1983) 
 Naked Raygun – Basement Screams 12", (03, 1983)
 Naked Raygun – Flammable Solid 7", (311057, 1983)
 Big Black – Bulldozer EP, (RRBB07, December 1983)
 Big Black – Live Cassette, (Recorded at 950, November 1983)
 Effigies – For Ever Grounded LP, (1984)
 Effigies – Haunted Town 12", (1984 Re-release)
 Effigies – Fly on a Wire LP, (1985)
 End Result – Ward EP, (1985)
 Rifle Sport – "Plan 39"/"Dub" (RRRS-013, 1985)
 Rifle Sport – "Complex EP" (RRRS-014, 1985)
 Urge Overkill – Strange, I 12" (1986) 
 Dark Arts – Long Way From Brigadoon 12" (1986)
 Appliances sfb – "Them"/"Green Door" (1987)
 Rifle Sport – White (Made in France) LP (1987)
 Black Spot – Burn LP (1989)
 Rifle Sport – Live at the Entry, Dead at the Exit LP/CD (1989)
 Brick Layer Cake – Eye For An Eye, Tooth For A Tooth 12" (1990)
 Rifle Sport – Primo (Big Money-Ruthless BMI-011, 1991)
 Rifle Sport – "Little Drummer Boy"/"Shanghaied" (Big Money-Ruthless BMI-012, 1991)

See also 
 List of record labels
 Chicago Record Labels

References

External links
 Official Effigies site
 Ruthless Records on Discogs

American record labels
Record labels established in 1981
Record labels disestablished in 1990
Punk record labels
Companies based in Chicago
Tano North Municipal District

Tano North Municipal District is one of the six districts in Ahafo Region, Ghana. It was formerly part of the then-larger Tano District since 1988, until the western part of the district was split off to create Tano North District in December 2004; thus the remaining part has been renamed as Tano South District. It was later elevated to municipal district assembly status in April 2018 to become Tano North Municipal District. The municipality is located in the eastern part of Ahafo Region and has Duayaw-Nkwanta as its capital town.

List of settlements

External sources
 
 District: Tano North District

References

Districts of Ahafo Region
Tano South Municipal District

Tano South Municipal District is one of the six districts in Ahafo Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Tano District in 1988, until the western part of the district was split off to create Tano North District in December 2004; thus the remaining part has been renamed as Tano South District. It was later elevated to municipal district assembly status in April 2018 to become Tano South Municipal District. The municipality is located in the eastern part of Ahafo Region and has Bechem as its capital town.

Background
In the district there are three health centres and one hospital. Educational facilities include pre-school facilities, schools and a college. The industry within the district focuses on processing wood and agricultural products.

List of settlements

Sources
 
 District: Tano South District

References

Districts of Ahafo Region
Saint Eunan

Saint Eunan ( ) may refer to Adomnán, abbot of Iona.

The name may also refer to:

 St Eunan's Cathedral (disambiguation), Christian churches
 St Eunan's College, a school
 St Eunan's GAA, a Gaelic football and hurling club
Graziella Magherini

Graziella Magherini (; born 23 August 1927 in Florence) is an Italian psychiatrist at the Santa Maria Nuova Hospital in Florence, Italy.

Stendhal syndrome

Graziella Magherini is best known for her 1989 book La sindrome di Stendhal (The Stendhal syndrome), which introduced this term to indicate a psychosomatic illness affecting individuals when exposed to art. After nearly 20 years of experience with patients at Santa Maria Nuova Hospital in Florence, Italy, Magherini began to note certain pathological abnormalities in a select group of her patients. Foreign visitors who had arrived in droves to indulge in the sumptuous beauty and art of the city were stricken by sudden and mysterious psychosomatic episodes that were induced by their identification with select and "personalized" art. "The Stendhal Syndrome occurs most frequently in Florence, because we have the greatest concentration of Renaissance art in the world."

Her study The Stendhal Syndrome (La Sindrome di Stendhal), published in 1989, is a description of her statistical methodology and, most importantly, a detailed description of some of her most interesting cases. Many of the case histories describe a foreigner who arrives in Florence, Italy and is overwhelmed by unrelenting depictions of Renaissance art and culture.

In the 'Inge Case,' Inge arrives from a Scandinavian country where she teaches Italian to children. Her marriage is unsatisfactory and she is filled with the guilt of leaving her failing father, for whom she is a caregiver. Her Florence trip is the first she has taken in many years. Upon arrival she immediately feels 'out of sorts' and when she attends an Italian class for a second day, she notices someone has taken her seat from the day before. Inge takes this as a sign that no one wants her in Florence. Suddenly, she is afflicted with an overwhelming sense of paranoia. Later, she visits one of Florence's famous cathedrals. She is drawn to one version of The Last Supper. Inge has palpitations and sees flashes of lights. In between flashes she sees herself in the painting, as one of the women carrying a fruit basket to the table of Jesus. After steady decline in her mental condition she is admitted to the Santa Maria Nuova Hospital for observation.

From these cases, Magherini has some startling conclusions about the effects of artwork on the psyche. During the mirroring between art and subject, a sublime, aesthetic, and uncanny event occurs. The art experience hooks a repressed trauma beneath the conscious sea of the subject rapidly pulling the trauma to the surface. The subject acts much like a distressed fish out of water. Magherini's job was to unhook the patient from this episode while under observation and gently place the patient back into the society.

A related condition is the Jerusalem syndrome.

See also
 Stendhal syndrome
 Stendhal
 The Stendhal Syndrome, a psychological thriller film based on Magherini's book
 Culture shock
 Paris syndrome

Published works
 - Total pages: 219

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Italian psychiatrists
21st-century Italian women writers
Italian women psychiatrists
Binary splitting

In mathematics, binary splitting is a technique for speeding up numerical evaluation of many types of series with rational terms. In particular, it can be used to evaluate hypergeometric series at rational points.

Method
Given a series

where pn and qn are integers, the goal of binary splitting is to compute integers P(a, b) and Q(a, b) such that

The splitting consists of setting m = [(a + b)/2] and recursively computing P(a, b) and Q(a, b) from P(a, m), P(m, b), Q(a, m), and Q(m, b). When a and b are sufficiently close, P(a, b) and Q(a, b) can be computed directly from pa...pb and qa...qb.

Comparison with other methods
Binary splitting requires more memory than direct term-by-term summation, but is asymptotically faster since the sizes of all occurring subproducts are reduced. Additionally, whereas the most naive evaluation scheme for a rational series uses a full-precision division for each term in the series, binary splitting requires only one final division at the target precision; this is not only faster, but conveniently eliminates rounding errors. To take full advantage of the scheme, fast multiplication algorithms such as Toom–Cook and Schönhage–Strassen must be used; with ordinary O(n2) multiplication, binary splitting may render no speedup at all or be slower.

Since all subdivisions of the series can be computed independently of each other, binary splitting lends well to parallelization and checkpointing.

In a less specific sense, binary splitting may also refer to any divide and conquer algorithm that always divides the problem in two halves.

References

 Xavier Gourdon & Pascal Sebah. Binary splitting method
 David V. Chudnovsky & Gregory V. Chudnovsky. Computer algebra in the service of mathematical physics and number theory. In Computers and Mathematics (Stanford, CA, 1986), pp. 09–232, Dekker, New York, 1990.
 Bruno Haible, Thomas Papanikolaou. Fast multiprecision evaluation of series of rational numbers. Paper distributed with the CLN library source code.
 Lozier, D.W. and Olver, F.W.J. Numerical Evaluation of Special Functions. Mathematics of Computation 1943–1993: A Half-Century of Computational Mathematics, W.Gautschi, eds., Proc. Sympos. Applied Mathematics, AMS, v.48, pp. 79–125 (1994).
 Bach, E. The complexity of number-theoretic constants. Info. Proc. Letters, N 62, pp. 145–152 (1997).
 Borwein, J.M., Bradley, D.M. and Crandall, R.E. Computational strategies for the Riemann zeta function. J. of Comput. Appl. Math., v.121, N 1-2, pp. 247–296 (2000).
 Karatsuba, E.A. Fast evaluation of transcendental functions. (English. Russian original) Probl. Inf. Transm. 27, No.4, 339-360 (1991); translation from Probl. Peredachi Inf. 27, No.4, 76–99 (1991).
 Ekatherina Karatsuba.  Fast Algorithms and the FEE method

Computer arithmetic algorithms
ARP Little Brother

The ARP Little Brother, produced from 1975 to 1977, is a keyboardless monophonic expander module, sold as an add-on for another ARP synthesizer. It was controlled by connecting the control voltage (CV) output of an ARP synthesizer's keyboard to the Little Brother's CV input. 

The Little Brother had a single voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with selectable waveforms, and a sub-octave divider that could produce up to three additional tones simultaneously at -1, -2 and -3 octave intervals. It also had an LFO, and a pitch bend/master tuning knob. However, it had no voltage controlled filter (VCF), voltage controlled amplifier (VCA) or envelope generator (EG or ADSR). When used with other ARP synths to "fatten up" their sounds, the Little Brother's audio output had to be patched into the external audio input of its companion synthesizer, essentially adding an extra VCO and LFO to the system.  

It was commonly sold with the ARP Axxe, and was given away for free with the purchase of an ARP Odyssey during a summer 1976 promotion. However, it could be used with any analog synthesizer that had the necessary 1v/octave CV output and external audio input connections.

References

External links 
 ARP Little Brother at VintageSynth.com
 ARP Little Brother at SynthMuseum.com

ARP synthesizers
Monophonic synthesizers
Analog synthesizers
Royal Wardrobe

The Royal Wardrobe (also known as the King's Wardrobe) was a building located between Carter Lane and St Andrew's Church, just to the north of what is now Queen Victoria Street in the City of London, near Blackfriars. It was used as a storehouse for royal accoutrements, housing arms and clothing among other personal items of the Crown.

History

The Royal Wardrobe was not, first and foremost, a building, but a department of the Royal Household (and later a Department of State) in medieval and early modern England.

The building in Blackfriars was a 14th-century house sold to King Edward III shortly after the death of its owner in 1359. It served primarily as a storehouse for the king's state and ceremonial robes, as well as those pertaining to members of the Royal Family and Household, to ambassadors, ministers, Knights of the Garter and various other office-holders. Cloths and hangings, as used at coronations, funerals and other occasions of state, were also kept here; as were items such as beds and other furnishings for royal and official use. These items had previously been kept in the Tower of London, but space there was increasingly in demand for storage of arms, armour and ammunition (all of which was also in the keeping of the Wardrobe). The Wardrobe was also responsible for keeping the accounts of the Royal Household; this work too was undertaken at Blackfriars, and it was there that the books were kept.

The Wardrobe was used to house orphans during the Commonwealth of England. Samuel Pepys records that a party of children sang to Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich when he was appointed as Master of the Royal Wardrobe during the Restoration but he was unmoved, the orphans were evicted, and the Wardrobe resumed its usual function.

The Royal Wardrobe was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and was not rebuilt on the same site, but relocated, first to Buckingham Street in the Savoy, and later, again, to Great Queen Street.

The building's legacy survives in the street names Wardrobe Terrace and Wardrobe Place, built on the site of the Wardrobe, and in the curious designation of the nearby church, St. Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe (also destroyed in the fire, but built anew by Sir Christopher Wren).

References

Former buildings and structures in the City of London
Eunan

Eunan ( ) is a common name:

 Adomnán ( 679–704), abbot of Iona
 Eunan O'Halpin, Irish academic
 Eunan O'Kane (born 1990), Irish professional footballer
 Eunan O'Neill (born 1982), Irish television presenter

Eunan may also refer to:
 St Eunan's Cathedral (disambiguation), Christian churches
 St Eunan's College, a school
 St Eunan's GAA, a Gaelic football and hurling club

English-language masculine given names
Masculine given names
4th Visual Effects Society Awards

The 4th Visual Effects Society Awards, given in Los Angeles on February 15, 2006, at the Hollywood Palladium, honored the best visual effects in film and television of 2005.  An edited version of the ceremony was broadcast on HDNet.

Winners and nominees
(Winners in bold)

Honorary Awards
George Melies Award for Pioneering:
John Lasseter

Board of Directors Award:
Jim Morris

Film

Television

Other categories

References

External links
 Visual Effects Society

2005
Visual Effects Society Awards
Visual Effects Society Awards
Visual Effects Society Awards
Visual Effects Society Awards
Yvonne Nèvejean

Yvonne Feyerick Nèvejean (1900 - 1987) was one of the leaders of an organisation that helped hide Jewish children in Nazi-occupied Belgium during World War II.  She was instrumental in hiding about 4000 children, many with Catholic families and institutions.  After the war she was honoured inside and outside Belgium. In 1965, she was designated as Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem, the Holocaust Remembrance Authority in Jerusalem, and in 1996 a stamp was issued in Belgium bearing her image.

Born on November 15, 1900, in Gentbrugge, Nèvejean studied at the University of Ghent (Gand) and then in the USA where she was awarded a Master of Arts in Social and Political sciences at New York State University. After her return to Belgium in 1928, she started to work at the  National Agency for Children (Oeuvre Nationale de l'Enfance; ONE), an organization that operated a network of children's homes throughout Belgium. She subsequently rose to head this organisation.

The Nazis began to deport Belgian Jews in the summer of 1942. At that time Nèvejean was approached by the Comité de Défence des Juifs en Belgique, Belgium's main Jewish underground organization (founded in 1942 by :fr:Hertz Jospa), and asked to rescue Jewish children separated from their parents. Acting essentially on her own, Nèvejean agreed to have ONE place children with families and in institutions in order to protect them. Ultimately, she saved the lives of some 4,000 Jewish children.

The Jewish underground financed Nèvejean's extensive rescue operation, but when their funds were not sufficient, Nèvejean found funding from banks and from the London-based Belgian government in exile and the Joint (American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee). The Gestapo tried to stop Nevejean's operations, and arrested some rescuers and rescuees, but they were generally unsuccessful due to the brave stand made by
Nèvejean and other Belgians, such as the Queen Mother Elizabeth and Leon Platteau of the Belgian Ministry of Justice, also designated "Righteous Among The Nations" by Yad Vashem.

A Belgian priest, Father Joseph André, of Namur was also prominent in this movement.

References

 Mordechai Paldiel, Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, New York: Macmillan, vol. 3, pp. 1059–1060. Photo
 Maxime Steinberg, L'Etoile et le Fusil, (1986) Bruxelles: Vie Ouvrière, tome 3, pp. 103–105

External links
 Yvonne Nèvejean – her activity to save Jews' lives during the Holocaust, at Yad Vashem website

1987 deaths
Belgian Righteous Among the Nations
1900 births
People from Ghent
Belgian women
Tian Hu

Tian Hu is a fictional character and antagonist in Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. He is one of the three rebel leaders in the Song dynasty along with Fang La and Wang Qing, that the Liangshan heroes have to defeat in the final chapters of the novel. He only appears in the longest versions of the stories which include these extra chapters.

Life
Tian Hu was originally a hunter from Qinyuan County, Weisheng Prefecture (威胜府), Shanxi. He possesses great physical strength and excels in martial arts. The government of the Song dynasty is corrupt and people are suffering from extreme poverty and natural disasters. Tian Hu uses the opportunity to spread rumours and incite people to follow him in rebelling against the government.

As the local government is weak and lacks a capable military force to suppress Tian Hu's rebels, Tian conquers and overrun five prefectures and 56 counties in a short time. Tian Hu establishes for himself a domain in the Hebei and Shanxi region and proclaims himself "King of Jin". He also builds a palace for himself in Fenyang.

After the Liangshan outlaws have been granted amnesty by Emperor Huizong, the emperor sends them on military campaigns to drive away the Liao invaders in the north and suppress the rebel forces on Song territory as a form of service to the Song Empire. The Liangshan heroes successfully defeated the Liao invaders, followed by Tian Hu and Wang Qing's rebel forces, without suffering much casualties. Tian Hu is captured by Liangshan's "Featherless Arrow" Zhang Qing after his defeat.

References

Further reading
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Water Margin characters
Fictional characters from Shanxi
Wang Qing (Water Margin)

Wang Qing is a fictional character and antagonist in Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. He is one of the three rebel leaders in the Song dynasty along with Fang La and Tian Hu, that the Liangshan heroes have to defeat in the final chapters of the novel. He only appears in the longest versions of the stories which include these extra chapters.

Life
The novel describes Wang Qing as a seven chi tall muscular and handsome man with eyes like a phoenix's, thick brows and a high forehead. He comes from a wealthy family in the Song Empire's capital, Dongjing (東京; present-day Kaifeng, Henan). The young Wang Qing was a street rascal who indulged in gambling, prostitution and drinking. When his parents scolded him about his behaviour, he would turn violent and hurl abuse at them, such that they did not dare to bother about him anymore. After leading an extravagant lifestyle for six to seven years, Wang Qing squandered his family's fortune and becomes a military officer in Dongjing.

Wang Qing started his rebellion against the Song Empire in Fangzhou (房州; present-day Fang County, Hubei) after resisting arrest and killing government soldiers. He robs Fangzhou's treasury and granary with his followers and split the money and grain at different locations near Fangzhou. Within a short period of time, Wang Qing builds up his own military force by raiding nearby villages and towns.

With help from his adviser Li Zhu, Wang Qing seizes control of Jingnan (荊南; present-day Jingzhou, Hubei) and declares himself the "King of Chu" (). After learning of Wang Qing's rebellion, many other bandits and outlaws in the Hubei region pledge their support to him and become part of his Chu kingdom. Within three to four years, Wang Qing has seized control of six prefectures of the Song Empire. He builds himself a palace in Nanfeng (南豐; around present-day Danjiangkou, Hubei). Wang Qing's Chu kingdom expands to eight prefectures later, covering parts of present-day Hubei, Chongqing and Sichuan.

After the Liangshan outlaws receive amnesty from Emperor Huizong, they go on military campaigns to drive back invaders from the Liao Empire in the north and suppress rebel forces on Song territory as a form of service to the Song Empire. After defeating the Liao invaders and Jin kingdom (established by Tian Hu), the Liangshan heroes turn their attention to the Chu kingdom and ultimately emerge victorious. Wang Qing is captured by Liangshan's Li Jun, charged with treason by the Song Empire, and eventually executed by lingchi.

References

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Water Margin characters
Fictional characters from Henan
JTCC

JTCC may refer to:

Japanese Touring Car Championship
Junior Tennis Champions Center - tennis training center in College Park, Maryland
John Tyler Community College
Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
Visual Effects Society

The Visual Effects Society (VES) is an entertainment industry organization representing visual effects practitioners including artists, animators, technologists, model makers, educators, studio leaders, supervisors, PR/marketing specialists and producers in film, television, commercials, music videos, and video games. It has about 4,000 members in 42 countries.  Since 2002 it has produced the Visual Effects Society Awards which honor the best work of the previous year in various categories.

The VES List of the Most Influential Visual Effects films
In 2007, the Visual Effects Society unveiled their list of the 50 most influential films in visual effects. Due to ties, there were actually 51 films in the list. The films were:

1. Star Wars (1977)
2. Blade Runner (1982)
3. 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
(tie) The Matrix (1999)
5. Jurassic Park (1993)
6. Tron (1982)
7. King Kong (1933)
8. Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)
9. Alien (1979)
10. The Abyss (1989)
11. The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
12. Metropolis (1927)
13. A Trip to the Moon (1902)
14. Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
15. The Wizard of Oz (1939)
16. Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
17. Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
18. Titanic (1997)
19. The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
20. Jason and the Argonauts (1963)
(tie) E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
22. Toy Story (1995)
23. Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)
24. The Ten Commandments (1956)
25. The War of the Worlds (1953)
(tie) Forrest Gump (1994)
(tie) Citizen Kane (1941)
(tie) The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958)
(tie) 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954)
30. The Terminator (1984)
31. Aliens (1986)
32. Mary Poppins (1964)
33. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
34. Forbidden Planet (1956)
35. Babe (1995)
36. The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951)
(tie) The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)
38. King Kong (2005)
39. Planet of the Apes (1968)
40. Fantastic Voyage (1966)
41. Jaws (1975)
42. Ghostbusters (1984)
43. Sin City (2005)
44. Superman (1978)
45. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
46. The Lost World (1925)
(tie) Return of the Jedi (1983)
48. What Dreams May Come (1998)
49. An American Werewolf in London (1981)
50. Darby O'Gill and the Little People (1958)
(tie) The Fifth Element (1997)

In 2017, an additional 21 films were added to the list:

300 (2007)
Apollo 13 (1995)
Avatar (2009)
Back to the Future (1985)
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008)
District 9 (2009)
Ex Machina (2015)
Gertie the Dinosaur (1914)
Godzilla (1954)
Gravity (2013)
Inception (2010)
Independence Day (1996)
Life of Pi (2012)
Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)
The Mask (1994)
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)
Starship Troopers (1997)
The Thing (1982)
Total Recall (1990)
Transformers (2007)
Young Sherlock Holmes (1985)

See also
 VFX Union

References

External links

 VES Awards

Entertainment industry societies
Walter Meanwell

Walter E. Meanwell (26 January 1884 – 2 December 1953) was an English college men's basketball coach in the 1910s, 1920s and 1930s. The Leeds, England native coached in the U.S. for the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1911–1917, 1920–1934) and the University of Missouri (1918–1920) to an overall record of 290–101.

Meanwell became the fourth basketball coach in University of Wisconsin–Madison history in 1911. After earning a doctorate degree in 1915, he was nicknamed "Doc" or "Little Doc" (due to his 5'6" frame). During World War I era, he served in the United States Army Medical Corps and became a captain. After a two-year stint at University of Missouri, Meanwell was back at Wisconsin. The Badgers won or shared four Big Ten titles under his guidance (1921, 1923–24, 1929). His 1912, 1914, and 1916 Wisconsin teams were retroactively named national champions by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Porretta Power Poll. Meanwell taught a style of game that featured short passing, crisscross dribbles and a tight zone defense. In 1934 he retired from coaching and practiced medicine in Madison, Wisconsin, until his death. He was inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a coach in 1959.

Head coaching record

References

External links
 
 
 

1884 births
1953 deaths
British emigrants to the United States
English basketball coaches
Missouri Tigers athletic directors
Missouri Tigers men's basketball coaches
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Sportspeople from Leeds
United States Army officers
University of Missouri faculty
Wisconsin Badgers athletic directors
Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball coaches
Hairy-footed flying squirrel

The hairy-footed flying squirrel (Belomys pearsonii) is a flying squirrel found in the mountains of the eastern Himalaya, Southeast Asia, southern China, and the island of Taiwan. It lives at elevations of  above sea level.

The fur is red-brown on the top and white at the bottom. Characteristic are the long hair at the feet, which even covers the claws to protect against the cold in the higher altitudes. The body has a length of about 22 cm; the tail is another 13 cm long.

Taxonomy and systematics
As hairy-footed flying squirrel is related to the complex-toothed flying squirrel, some taxonomists have included the species to the genus Trogopterus. However, its status as distinct genus is now generally accepted. The species is named after John Thomas Pearson.

There are four subspecies: Belomys pearsonii pearsonii, B. m. blandus, B. m. kaleensis, and B. m. trichotis. B. m. kaleensis is endemic to Taiwan. It appears to be genetically distinct from Vietnamese specimens, which themselves represented two distinct lineages (of unknown subspecies). All three lineages are distinct enough to be recognized as separate species.

References

Flying squirrels
Rodents of Asia
Mammals of Bhutan
Rodents of China
Rodents of India
Rodents of Laos
Rodents of Myanmar
Mammals of Nepal
Mammals of Taiwan
Rodents of Thailand
Rodents of Vietnam
Mammals described in 1842
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
Belomys

Belomys is a genus of squirrels that contains a single extant species, the hairy-footed flying squirrel (Belomys pearsonii).

Fossil species include the Pleistocene Belomys thamkaewi and the Late Pliocene Belomys parapearsoni, both from Southeast Asia.

References

Rodent genera
Flying squirrels
Mammal genera with one living species
Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas