alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Heavyweight

The heavyweight boxing competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens was held from 18 to 28 August at Peristeri Olympic Boxing Hall. This is limited to those boxers weighing between 81 and 91 kilograms.

Competition format
Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. This event consisted of 28 boxers who have qualified for the competition through various tournaments held in 2003 and 2004. The competition began with a preliminary round on 18 August, where the number of competitors was reduced to eight, and concluded with the final on 28 August. 

All bouts consisted of four rounds of two minutes each, with one-minute breaks between rounds. Punches scored only if the white area on the front of the glove made full contact with the front of the head or torso of the opponent. Five judges scored each bout; three of the judges had to signal a scoring punch within one second for the punch to score. The winner of the bout was the boxer who scored the most valid punches by the end of the bout.

Schedule 
All times are Greece Standard Time (UTC+2)

Qualifying Athletes

Results

References

External links
 Official Olympic Report

Heavyweight
Gauche

Gauche may refer to:
 Literal left-hand-referenced relative direction:
 A style of Western fencing using the main-gauche, i.e. the parrying dagger, normally held in the left hand
 Rive Gauche, on the southern (i.e., left, when facing down the direction of flow) bank of the Seine in Paris, France
 Stereochemistry:
 Gauche conformation, a torsion angle of ±60° in alkane stereochemistry
 Gauche effect, a characterization in which the gauche rotamer is more stable than the anti rotamer
 Gauche (Scheme implementation), an implementation of the Scheme programming language
 "Gauche the Cellist",  short story by  Kenji Miyazawa about the eponymous hypothetical cellist
Laura Gauché (born 1995), French alpine ski racer

See also 
 Left (disambiguation)
Būtingė

Būtingė (German: Butendiekshof or Budendiekshof) is a small village at the coast of the Baltic Sea in the north of Lithuania, at the border to Latvia. It belongs to Palanga City Municipality, and is situated  north of the town Palanga. The village has long time belonged to Livonia, and is a part of Lithuania since 1921.

The Būtingė oil terminal, a part of ORLEN Lietuva, has been in operation since 1999. The terminal is somewhat controversial because of fear of oil spills, which have occurred. Since July 2006 the Būtingė oil terminal is the only way for supplying ORLEN Lietuva (former Mažeikių Nafta) with oil, because the Russian partner state controlled Lukoil corporation has cut off the supply through the Druzhba pipeline from Russia.

References

Villages in Klaipėda County
Oil terminals
Palanga City Municipality
Dawson Island

Dawson Island () is an island in the Strait of Magellan that forms part of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, 100 km south of the city of Punta Arenas in Chile, and part of the Municipality of Punta Arenas. It is located southeast of Brunswick Peninsula. It is often lashed with harsh Antarctic weather. The settlements are Puerto Harris, Puerto San Antonio and Puerto Almeida.

History 
This area was inhabited for thousands of years by the indigenous peoples. At the time of European encounter, the Kawésqar lived on the island (they were called the Alcalufe by the Yahgan and the Europeans adopted that term). They lived west of the Yahgan and throughout the islands west of Tierra del Fuego.

Beginning in the late 19th century, Europeans began to settle in the region, developing large sheep ranches on the main island. Miners also flocked to the area in search of gold. Chile used Dawson Island for an internment camp for the Selknam and other native people, to get them out of areas that settlers were trying to develop. Major sheep ranchers hired armed men to hunt down the indigenous people for bounty in the Selk'nam genocide, as they persisted on hunting in their former territory and considered sheep as game.

In 1890, the Chilean government granted Salesian missionaries from Italy a 20-year concession to Dawson Island to educate, care for, and try to assimilate indigenous peoples into European-Chilean culture. One of the structures from the Salesian operation remains. It has been designated a Chilean national monument.

After the 1973 Chilean coup d'état, the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet used the island to house political prisoners suspected of being communist activists, including government ministers and close friends of the deposed President Salvador Allende, most notably Orlando Letelier, Luis Corvalán, Clodomiro Almeyda and José Tohá. They were under the strict control of the Chilean Navy as each individual case was investigated. In addition, according to an International Red Cross report in 1974 and the Report of the Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation (Rettig Report) some 99 political detainees were held here who were sentenced to forced labor. Others have estimated that as many as 400 prisoners were held at the two camps.  Members of the International Red Cross, BBC, and Brazilian press corps were permitted to visit the camps. In 1974 the military said they had transferred elsewhere or released detainees from both camps.

In September 2009 director Miguel Littín released a film called Dawson Isla 10. It was based on a memoir of the same name written by Sergio Bitar, a former political prisoner during the Augusto Pinochet regime.

See also

References 

Internment camps
Islands of Tierra del Fuego
Strait of Magellan
Prison islands
Flag of Otago

Otago is one of the few regions of New Zealand to have officially adopted a flag.

Otago has long been associated with several symbols and colours. The St. Andrew's Cross is one such symbol, in recognition of the former province's Scottish settlement. Another, used on the original arms of the province, is the eight-pointed star.

Traditionally, the province (as the region is still called) has always been associated with the colours blue and gold, these colours representing Otago's original foundation, on the wealth of gold taken from the rivers of the province during the 1860s gold rush. The blue also again harks back to the flag of Scotland.

For many years, these colours were seen in a wide variety of different designs intended to represent Otago. Popular designs included flags quartered in blue and gold, or in blue with a gold saltire. A vertically divided design in blue and gold with the word "Otago" in white fimbriated in black was also popular and can still be seen in use in the province.

In 2004, a campaign was started by prominent local author and regional councillor Neville Peat to decide on a design for a flag for the region as a whole (and more specifically for use by the Otago Regional Council).

The design (chosen in late 2004 from several hundred entries submitted) was designed by Gregor Macaulay. It is blazoned Per fess dancetty azure and or, two mullets of eight points in pale counterchanged. The design represents the blue skies over the hills of Otago separated by a zigzag dividing line, similar to that found on the flag of the province's main centre, Dunedin. The two eight-pointed stars were taken from the former Otago Provincial Council's seal, and also represent the sun shining over the lakes and the hills of Central Otago.

References

Flag
Flags of New Zealand
Flags adopted through competition
Otago
Guwahati Refinery

Guwahati Refinery was set up at Noonmati in Guwahati on 1 January 1962. Guwahati Refinery is the first Public Sector refinery of India and belongs to Indian Oil Corporation Limited. The refinery was inaugurated by Late Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of independent India. The refinery was built with Romanian Collaboration and has a capacity of 1.0 million metric tonnes per annum. This refinery process crude oil from Upper Assam Oil Fields, India and helps cater energy need of the region.
Major Products of this refinery are

 LPG,
 Motor Spirit (Petrol),
 Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF),
 Kerosene,
 High Speed Diesel,
 Light Diesel Oil and
 Raw Petroleum Coke.

With growing environmental consciousness, Guwahati Refinery, Indian Oil Corporation Limited has also ventured into ecologically friendly fuel and subsequently installed 3 new units: the ISOSIV, the Hydrotreater and the INDMAX. The ISOSIV unit produces Lead Free Petrol by the Molecular Sieve Technology, which separates Octane rich MS components from feed naphtha. The Hydrotreater Unit (HDT) enables the Refinery to produce High Speed Diesel of very low sulphur and cetane number conforming to BIS specifications. The HDT also produces ATF, Superior Kerosene Oil with high smoke point and low sulphur. The Indane Maximization (INDMAX) technology developed by R&D Centre of Indian Oil installed at the Refinery is designed to achieve LPG yield as high as 44% through Fluidized Catalytic Cracking of residual feed stocks like Reduced Crude Oil, Coker Fuel Oil and Coker Gasolene. The INDMAX unit also enables Guwahati Refinery to upgrade all its residual products to high value distillate products and make it a zero residue Refinery.

References

Further reading

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/22979919.cms

Energy in Assam
Oil refineries in India
Economy of Guwahati
Companies based in Assam
Indian Oil Corporation
India–Romania relations
Indian Oil Corporation buildings and structures
1962 establishments in Assam
Act utilitarianism

Act utilitarianism is a utilitarian theory of ethics that states that a person's act is morally right if and only if it produces the best possible results in that specific situation. Classical utilitarians, including Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Henry Sidgwick, define happiness as pleasure and the absence of pain.

Overview
To understand how act utilitarianism works, compare the consequences of watching television all day tomorrow to the consequences of doing charity work tomorrow. One could produce more overall happiness in the world by doing charity work tomorrow than by watching television all day tomorrow. According to act utilitarianism, then, the right thing to do tomorrow is to go out and do charity work; it is wrong to stay home and watch television all day.

Act utilitarianism is based on the principle of utility, which is the basis of all utilitarian theories and is best summed up in Bentham's well-known phrase, "the greatest happiness for the greatest number". Jeremy Bentham supported his theory with another famous quote of his, that "Nature has placed mankind under two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as determine what we shall do." Bentham's utilitarianism is a hedonistic theory and starts with the premise that people are in their very nature hedonistic. This means that he believed people would actively seek out pleasure and avoid pain, if given the opportunity.

Critics sometimes cite such prohibitions on leisure activities as a problem for act utilitarianism. Critics also cite more significant problems, such as the fact that act utilitarianism seems to imply that specific acts of torture or enslavement would be morally permissible if they produced enough happiness.

Act utilitarianism is often contrasted with a different theory called rule utilitarianism. Rule utilitarianism states that the morally right action is the one that is in accordance with a moral rule whose general observance would create the most happiness. Act utilitarianism evaluates an act by its actual consequences whereas rule utilitarianism evaluates an action by the consequences of its general or universal practice (by all other persons, and perhaps into the future and past as well). Rule utilitarianism is sometimes thought to avoid the problems associated with act utilitarianism.

See also

Brad Hooker
Peter Singer
Preference utilitarianism
Two-level utilitarianism

References

Utilitarianism
Ethical theories
Barauni Refinery

Barauni Refinery is an oil refinery located in Begusarai city in the state of Bihar, operated by Indian Oil Corporation (IOCL). It was the dream project of Shri Krishna Singh the first chief minister of Bihar. It was built in collaboration with the Soviet Union, with limited participation from Romania, at a cost of Rs. 49.4 crores and went on stream in July 1964. The initial capacity of 1 million tonnes per year was expanded to 3 million tonnes per year by 1969. The present capacity of this refinery is 6.100 million tonnes per year. Indian Oil Corporation has planned to expand its capacity from 6 million tonnes per year to 9 million tonnes per year at the cost of $1.94 billion.

Moving to green fuel 
Barauni Refinery was earmarked for its operational excellence in 2009 after winning the TPM excellence award in Category A. State-of-art eco-friendly technologies enabled the Refinery to produce environment-friendly green fuels complying with international standards. Barauni Refinery fully switched over to BS-III diesel w.e.f 1 June 2010. 1st batch of BS-III petrol was dispatched through Barauni Kanpur Pipeline (BKPL) on 13 August 2010. Bihar & Jharkhand was declared BS-III compliant since September 2010. New units like NHDT and ISOM for Motor Spirit Quality up-gradation were added in 2010.

Product Profile 
Barauni Refinery is primarily a diesel producing Refinery with over 54% of its product mix as HSD. Other products include kerosene, petrol, LPG, Naptha, Raw Petroleum Coke (RPC), sulphur and bitumen. It caters to fuel demands of the states of Bihar, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh. Nepal Oil Corporation also sources its fuel including, LPG from Barauni Refinery. Currently, over 42% of the dispatch of products at Barauni Refinery is through road followed by pipelines and rail.

See also
 Barauni IOC Township
Indian Oil

References

External links
 Barauni Refinery in IOC 

Oil refineries in India
Energy in Bihar
Barauni
India–Soviet Union relations
Soviet foreign aid
India–Romania relations
Indian Oil Corporation buildings and structures
Energy infrastructure completed in 1964
1964 establishments in Bihar
20th-century architecture in India
Miss Arizona USA

Miss Arizona USA is the beauty pageant that selects the representative for the state of Arizona in the Miss USA pageant, and the name of the title held by its winner. The pageant is directed by Casting Crown Productions.

Arizona's most successful placements were in 1965 and 1980, when Jane Nelson and Jineane Ford, respectively, placed as the first runner-up. Ford later became Miss USA 1980 after the original winner Shawn Weatherly was crowned Miss Universe 1980. Arizona's most recent placement was in 2016, when Chelsea Myers placed in the Top 15.

The longest reigning titleholder was Yesenia Vidales in 2020 at 1 year, 6 months and 5 days, while Cassidy Jo Jacks was the shortest reigning titleholder in 2021 ended her reign at 10 months and 19 days.

The current Miss Arizona USA is Isabel Ticlo of Phoenix and was crowned in Gilbert on May 30, 2022. Ticlo represented Arizona at Miss USA 2022.

Gallery of titleholders

Results summary

Placements in Miss USA
1st Runners-Up: Jane Nelson (1965), Jineane Ford (1980)
2nd Runners-Up: Susanne Pottenger (1971), Diane Martin (1987), Alicia-Monique Blanco (2009)
3rd Runners-Up: Ruth Hayes (1969), Sherry Nix (1973)
Top 10/11/12: Carlys Peterson (1974), Toni Abranovic (1977), Ana Rupert (1979), Cassie Hill (1981), Michelle Ducote (1985), Lee Anne Locken (1989), Maricarroll Verlinde (1991), Dannis Shephard (1992), Stacey Kole (1998)
Top 15/16/20: Jerri Michaelson (1962), Diane McGarry (1963), Roxanne Neeley (1966), Judianne Magnusson (1967), Danielle Demski (2004), Brenna Sakas (2006), Brittany Brannon (2011), Jordan Wessel (2014), Maureen Montagne (2015), Chelsea Myers (2016)

Arizona holds a record of 26 placements at Miss USA.

Awards
Miss Congeniality: Cara Jackson (1999)
Miss Photogenic: Jineane Ford (1980), Brittany Brannon (2011)
Best State Costume: Daria Sparling (1984), Michelle Ducote (1985), Maricarroll Verlinde (1991)

Winners

Color key

Notes

References

External links

Official website
 

Arizona
Arizona culture
Women in Arizona
1952 establishments in Arizona
Recurring events established in 1952
Annual events in Arizona
Events in Phoenix, Arizona
Haldia Refinery

Haldia Refinery is an oil refinery operated by Indian Oil Corporation, located in Haldia city in the state of West Bengal. This refinery has a capacity of 8 million tonnes per year. This refinery was commissioned in 1975 and is situated 136 km from Kolkata, at the junction of Haldi and Hooghly River. This refinery can produce various fuel products like LPG, Naphtha, Petrol, Mineral Turpentine Oil, Superior Kerosene, Aviation Turbine Fuel, High Speed Diesel, Jute Batching Oil.

History
Two sectors were commissioned in January 1975 for processing 2.5 MMTPA of Middle East crude - one for producing fuel products and the other for Lube base stocks.
The fuel sector was built with French collaboration and the Lube sector with Romanian collaboration. The refining capacity of the Refinery was increased to 2.75 million tonnes per year in 1989 through debottlenecking measures.

References

External links
 Haldia Refinery
 IndianOil Refining

Oil refineries in India
Indian Oil Corporation
Energy in West Bengal
Haldia
Indian Oil Corporation buildings and structures
1975 establishments in West Bengal
Energy infrastructure completed in 1975
20th-century architecture in India
Mathura Refinery

The Mathura Refinery, owned by Indian Oil Corporation, is the sixth refinery of IndianOil located in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India. The refinery processes low sulphur crude from Bombay High, imported low sulphur crude from Nigeria, and high sulphur crude from
the Middle East.

The refinery, which cost Rs.253.92 crores to build, was commissioned on 19 January 1982. Construction began on the refinery in October 1972. The foundation stone was laid by Indira Gandhi, the former prime minister of India. The FCCU and Sulphur Recovery Units were commissioned in January, 1983. The refinery was commissioned with a refining capacity of 6.0 million tonnes per year and The refining capacity of this refinery was expanded to 7.5 million tonnes per year in 1989 by debottlenecking and revamping. A DHDS Unit was commissioned in 1989 for production of HSD with low sulphur content of 0.25% wt. ( max.). The present refining capacity of this refinery is 8.00 million tonnes per year.

In January 2009, the plant shut down for a period of time due to a strike.

It is located about 50 kilometers away from the Taj Mahal. It is currently asking the Indian government to allow an expansion, raising the capacity to 11 million tonnes. The refinery also wants to create a new garbage disposal site, which has garnered new outrage from environmental activists because the site will be located even closer to the Taj Mahal and Mathura. The Indian government hired a panel to examine the effects of the refinery on the Taj Mahal. The panel found that the air has high levels of  suspended particulate matter, caused by factory emissions, dust, construction, and exhaust from automobiles. These are causing the Taj Mahal to change color. However, contribution of Mathura Refinery for causing pollution has not been established.

In 1998 the plant was awarded the "Best of all" Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award.
Presently Mathura Refinery is producing BS VI standard fuels and supplying to Delhi NCR. A corporate MyStamp of the refinery has also been published by the Postal Department for recognising the contributions of the refinery towards environment conscience.

See also
 Panipat Refinery

References

Oil refineries in India
Mathura
Indian Oil Corporation
Energy in Uttar Pradesh
India–Soviet Union relations
Soviet foreign aid
Indian Oil Corporation buildings and structures
1982 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
Energy infrastructure completed in 1982
20th-century architecture in India
Daula

Daula may refer to

 Daula (moth), a genus of moth
 Daula (month), the first month of the Mandaean calendar
 al-Dawla, an element in numerous honorific titles throughout the Islamic world
 Daula, a village in Bagpat district, Uttar Pradesh, India
 Daula, Sultanpur Lodhi, a village of Kapurthala district, Punjab State, India
 Daula, or davula, a double-headed cylindrical drum in Sri Lanka

See also
Daulat (disambiguation)
Mumbai Refinery (HPCL)

The HPCL Mumbai refinery is one of the most complex refineries in the country, is constructed on an area of 321 acres. This versatile refinery which is the first of India's modern refineries, symbolizes the country's industrial strength and progress in the oil industry. Mumbai Refinery has grown over the years as the main hub of petroleum products. The refinery has reached to present level through several upgradation and restructuring processes.

History
The Mumbai Refinery was commissioned by Esso Standard in 1954, with an installed capacity of 1.25 million tonnes per year. The lube refinery, Lube India Ltd, was commissioned in 1969 with a capacity of 165 million tonnes per year of Lube Oil Base Stock (LOBS) production.

Crude processing capacity increased to 3.5 million tonnes per year during 1969. In 1974, the Government of India took over Esso and Lube India by the Esso (Acquisition of Undertakings in India) Act 1974 and formed HPCL.

Expansion of the fuels block was carried out by installing new 2 million tonnes per year crude units in 1985. A second expansion of Lube Refinery took place to increase the capacity of the refinery to 335 million tonnes per year, so far the largest in India. The installed capacity of the refinery was later enhanced to 6.5 million tonnes per year.

The current installed capacity of the refinery is 9.5 million tonnes per year

References

Buildings and structures in Mumbai
Oil refineries in India
1954 establishments in Bombay State
Economy of Mumbai
Energy in Maharashtra
Hindustan Petroleum
Hindustan Petroleum buildings and structures
Felix Otto (mathematician)

Felix Otto (born 19 May 1966) is a German mathematician.

Biography

He studied mathematics at the University of Bonn, finishing his PhD thesis in 1993 under the supervision of Stephan Luckhaus.
After postdoctoral studies at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of New York University and at Carnegie Mellon University, in 1997 he became a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. From 1999 to 2010 he was professor for applied mathematics at the University of Bonn, and currently serves as one of the directors of the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig.

Honours

In 2006, he received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 
which is the highest honour awarded in German research. In 2009, he was awarded a Gauss Lecture by the German Mathematical Society. In 2008 he became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.

References

 DFG portrait

1966 births
Living people
20th-century German mathematicians
University of Bonn alumni
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences alumni
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Bonn
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
Studienstiftung alumni
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners
21st-century German mathematicians
Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
Max Planck Institute directors
Mumbai Refinery (BPCL)

Mumbai Refinery came into stream in January 1955 under the ownership of Burmah-Shell Refineries Ltd. Following the Government's acquisition of the Burmah-Shell, name of the Refinery was changed to Bharat Refineries Limited on 1976. In August 1977, the company was given its permanent name, viz. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL).

The installed capacity of 5.25 million tonnes per year was increased to 6 million tonnes per year in 1985. The present refining capacity of the refinery is 6.9 million tonnes per year. It was expanded to 12 million tonnes per year in a Refinery Modernization Project undertaken by the company. The project added CDU/VDU, HCU, LOBS, HGU units in additions to the required utilities such as DG, Salt Water Systems etc.

References

Oil refineries in India
Economy of Mumbai
Bharat Petroleum buildings and structures
1955 establishments in Bombay State
Dave Longaberger

Dave W. Longaberger (1934–1999) was an American businessman who founded the now-defunct Longaberger Company, which made handcrafted maple wood baskets and accessories and became notable in the Newark, Ohio area for the "Big Basket Building" that became the company headquarters in 1997. Dave had two daughters,             Tami Longaberger, who was CEO of the Longaberger Company, and Rachel Longaberger Stukey, President of the Longaberger Foundation.

Longaberger grew up in a poor family of 14. He suffered from a stuttering problem and epilepsy, and did not graduate from High School until he was 21. He began his basket business in 1971.

Legacy 
Longaberger was also a philanthropist, focusing on Dresden, Ohio. He gave millions of dollars to the local community and schools, and provided much-needed services to the community.

Longaberger was interested in history. Later, after he became prosperous, Longaberger undertook the restoration of many historic buildings in the Dresden, Ohio, area. Some of the buildings saved were:

The Captains House (1850),
The Dresden Hotel (early 20th century),
The Dresden Iron Mill (circa 1880),
The Dresden Woolen Mill (circa 1890),
The Prospect Place Estate (1856),
The Cox House, Trinway (circa 1900),
The Dresden railway station.

Additionally, Longaberger purchased and refurbished many other historic buildings on Main Street in Dresden, Ohio.

References

Deaths from kidney cancer
People with epilepsy
People from Dresden, Ohio
1999 deaths
1934 births
People associated with direct selling
20th-century American businesspeople
Nagapattnam Refinery

The Nagapattnam Refinery also known as Cauvery Basin Refinery was the second oil refinery constructed by Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited.  It is situated at Kaveri Basin at Nagapattinam. The initial unit was set up in Nagapattinam with a capacity of 0.5 million metric tonnes per annum in 1993 but later on in 2002 this was boosted to 1 million metric tonnes per annum.  LPG is separated out in a gas treating unit built in 1996.

References

Oil refineries in India
Companies based in Tamil Nadu
Energy in Tamil Nadu
Indian Oil Corporation buildings and structures
1993 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Energy infrastructure completed in 1993
Buildings and structures in Nagapattinam district
20th-century architecture in India
Jürgen Gauß

Jürgen Gauß (Juergen Gauss) is a German theoretical chemist.

Gauß was born on 13 August 1960 in Konstanz. He studied chemistry at the University of Cologne from 1979 till 1984. After finishing his PhD thesis on abinitio calculations at the University of Cologne in 1988, he did postdoctoral studies at the University of Washington in Seattle and at the University of Florida in Gainesville about quantum theory. He did his habilitation in 1994 at the University of Karlsruhe on abinitio calculations of NMR-shifts. In 1995, he became professor at the University of Mainz.

In 2005, he received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, which is the highest honour awarded in German research.

References
 Portrait at the Deutschen Forschungsgesellschaft

1960 births
Living people
University of Cologne alumni
University of Washington alumni
University of Florida alumni
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
21st-century German chemists
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners
People from Konstanz
Computational chemists
20th-century German chemists
Gurunath

Gurunath is a commonly used term when praising what is considered by devotees the ultimate source of compassion, love and truth - irrespective of sectarian divides whether they may be devotees of Shiva, the Lord of Transformation in the Hindu pantheon (Shaivaite) or of Vishnu, the Lord of Preservation and Sustenance in the Hindu pantheon (Vaishnav) or any other devotee (bhakta) of a Hindu God or Goddess.

The first part of the refrain "Bolo Sri Sat Gurunath Maharaj ki" is chanted by the leader of the kirtan, bhajan, devotional chanting of religious scriptures or highly devotional compositions made by individuals respectively, or devotional discourse. Then the congregation responds in unison with "Jai!". This refrain, which is normally chanted at the end of a bhajan or kirtan, may be translated from Sanskrit as "Say/Chant/Proclaim ("Bolo") the name of the Spiritual Mentor who is the essence of Truth ("Sri Sat Guru") who is Lord ("Nath") and King ("Maharaj")..."Yes!""

Spiritual title
Gurunath is also a spiritual title given to a householder Nath Guru by Shri Gurudev Mahendranath, who wrote that he had coined the term in 1986: "So I have coined a word—Gurunath ... This word can be the Western term for the same thing as Gurudev and it circumvents any religious or Eastern connections."
Shri Gurudev Mahendranath bestowed this title on at least two members of his lineage, Shri Gurunath Lokanath (1986) and Shri Gurunath Kapilnath (1989).

Name
Gurunath is a family name and a given name for males in India and Bangladesh.  Some notable persons named Gurunath include:
 Gurunath Aabaji Kulkarni (1923–1987) -  a short story writer in Marathi 
 Gurunath Sengupta (1848–1914) - a Sanskrit scholar and writer from Bangladesh
 Gurunath Vidyanidhi (1862–1931) - a Sanskrit scholar, writer and poet from Bangladesh

See also

 Lineage
 Guru
 Guru–shishya tradition
 Parampara
 Sampradaya
 Lineage (Buddhism)
 List of Hindu gurus
 Lifestyle
 Akhara
 Apprenticeship
 Chillum 
 Darshan
 Gurukula
 Kaupinam
 Kacchera
 Langota
 Others
 Aghori
 Charismatic authority
 Godman
 Guru Gita
 Hindu reform movements
 Lama
 Lifestyle guru
 Nath
 Religious conversion
 Shramana
 Sikh gurus
 Sifu
 Sensei

Notes

References
Shri Gurudev Mahendranath|Mahendranath, Shri Gurudev in The Open Door. International Nath Order. Retrieved March 8, 2006

Surnames of Indian origin
Indian masculine given names
Masculine given names
Yogiraja

Yogiraja () is a title of Shiva, meaning "King of Yoga." It is also an honorific often given to an advanced yogi, especially a teacher of yoga.
Forms of Shiva
Boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Light heavyweight

The light heavyweight boxing competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens was held from 14 to 29 August at Peristeri Olympic Boxing Hall. This is limited to those boxers weighing between 75 and 81 kilograms.

Competition format
Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. This event consisted of 28 boxers who have qualified for the competition through various tournaments held in 2003 and 2004. The competition began with a preliminary round on 14 August, where the number of competitors was reduced to 16, and concluded with the final on 29 August. As there were fewer than 32 boxers in the competition, a number of boxers received a bye through the preliminary round. Both semi-final losers were awarded bronze medals.

All bouts consisted of four rounds of two minutes each, with one-minute breaks between rounds. Punches scored only if the white area on the front of the glove made full contact with the front of the head or torso of the opponent. Five judges scored each bout; three of the judges had to signal a scoring punch within one second for the punch to score. The winner of the bout was the boxer who scored the most valid punches by the end of the bout.

Schedule 
All times are Greece Standard Time (UTC+2)

Qualifying Athletes

Results

References

External links
 Official Olympic Report

Light Heavyweight
Cullen Bay (album)

Cullen Bay is an album by the Scottish traditional folk band The Tannahill Weavers, released in 1990. The band is joined on several tracks (Braw Burn the Bridges, Jenny Dang the Weaver and A Night Visitor's Song) by cittern-player Stuart Morison. Cullen Bay itself is at Cullen, Moray on the coast of the Moray Firth, west of Spey Bay between the towns of Elgin and Banff.  The album was recorded at Pierhouse Studios, Edinburgh, Scotland.

Track listing
The Standard on the Braes O'Mar / The Haughs O' Cromdale
The Fiddler / The Fiddler's Jig / Jenny Dang the Weaver / The Reel of Tulloch
Joy of My Heart
Aikendrum
Samuel the Weaver / The Panda / Thunderhead / The Cannongate Twitch / Allan MacDonald's Reel
Kintail
A Night Visitor's Song
Cullen Bay / Dalnahassaig / S'Iomadh Rud a Chunnaic Mi / Alick C. MacGregor
Braw Burn the Bridges

Personnel
Roy Gullane - guitar, vocals
Iain MacInnes - Highland bagpipes, Scottish small pipes, whistles
John Martin - fiddle, 'cello, vocals
Phil Smillie - flute, whistles, bodhrán, vocals
Les Wilson - bouzouki, keyboards, bass pedals, vocals

References

1990 albums
The Tannahill Weavers albums
IAAS

IAAS can refer to the following:

Organisations
 International Association for Astronomical Studies, a youth astronomy and aerospace research group based out of Denver, Colorado with a 40+ year history of success in the youth STEM fields. 

 Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors, former name of the British professional body Association of Building Engineers
 International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures
 Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, institute of Tribhuvan University, Nepal
 International Association of Students in Agricultural and Related Sciences, Belgium-based international organisation
 International Association for Ambulatory Surgery, Belgium-based international organisation
 Independent Academies Assured Services

Other
 Infrastructure as a service, a cloud computing service model
 Indian Audits and Accounts Service, an Indian Civil Service
Jamnagar Refinery

The Jamnagar Refinery is a private sector crude oil refinery owned by Reliance Industries in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. The refinery was commissioned on 14 July 1999 with an installed capacity of . Its current installed capacity is . It is currently the largest refinery in the world.

History

On 25 December 2001, Reliance Petroleum Limited (RPL) announced the commissioning of its refinery into a Special Economic Zone in Jamnagar district of Gujarat, India. The completion of the RPL refinery has enabled Jamnagar to emerge as a 'Refinery land', housing the world's largest refining complex with an aggregate refining capacity of  of oil per day, more than any other single location in the world.

The globally competitive RPL refinery was commissioned in 36 months. RPL contracted several companies having expertise in engineering construction and refining like Bechtel, UOP LLC and Foster Wheeler (Multinational Company) amongst others. There were plans for the pipeline to process High Pour Point crude oil extracted at Barmer, Rajasthan, although this would require an electrically heated traced pipeline to be set up from Barmer to Jamnagar.

The entire complex, as of 2013, consists of manufacturing and allied facilities, utilities, off-sites, port facilities and a township (415 acres) with housing for its 2,500 employees, on over  of land. If all of the pipes used in the refinery were laid out, one after another, they would connect the whole of India from north to south.

Export expansion during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic

In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic the domestic demand for polymer strongly declined in India. As a result, in order to keep production and sales running, Reliance Industries Limited management decided to refocus the production of polymer on export markets. With the help of the Maersk shipping and logistics group, exports from the Jamnagar Refinery were quadrupled to over 10,000 x 40' containers, which transported and exported through Port Pipavav.

See also
List of oil refineries
Petrochemicals
Chemical engineering

References

External links
 

Oil refineries in India
Reliance Industries
Jamnagar district
1999 establishments in Gujarat
Energy infrastructure completed in 1999
Companies based in Gujarat
Energy in Gujarat
Manufacturing plants of Reliance Industries
Indian companies established in 1999
20th-century architecture in India
Insyde Software

Insyde Software () is a company that specializes in UEFI system firmware and engineering support services, primarily for OEM and ODM computer and component device manufacturers. They are listed on the Gre Tai Market of Taiwan and headquartered in Taipei, with offices in Westborough, Massachusetts, and Portland, Oregon. The company's market capitalization of the company's common shares is currently around $115M.

Overview

The company's product portfolio includes InsydeH2O BIOS (Insyde Software's implementation of the Intel Platform Innovation Framework for UEFI/EFI), BlinkBoot, a UEFI-based boot loader for enabling Internet of Things devices, and Supervyse, which is a full-featured systems management/BMC firmware for providing out-of-band remote management for server computers.

Insyde Software was formed when it purchased the BIOS assets of SystemSoft Corporation (NASDAQ:SYSF) in October, 1998.  Initially 
Insyde Software was a privately held company that included investments from Intel Pacific Inc., China Development Industrial Bank, Professional Computer Technology Limited (PCT), company management and selected employees. At that time, Insyde Software's management team consisted of Jeremy Wang, Chairman (also the Chairman of PCT); Jonathan Joseph, President (a former founder of SystemSoft); Hansen Liou, the General Manager of Taiwan Operations and Asia-Pacific Sales, and Stephen Gentile, the Vice President of Marketing.

Shortly after the initial investment, the company was introduced by Intel to a new BIOS coding architecture called EFI (now UEFI) and the two companies began working together on it. In 2001, the two companies entered into a joint development agreement and Insyde’s first shipment of the technology occurred in October 2003 as InsydeH2O UEFI BIOS. Since that time, UEFI has become the mainstay of Insyde’s business.

On 23 January 2003, Insyde Software announced its initial public offering on the GreTai Securities Market (GTSM) based in Taipei, Taiwan.

Products

InsydeH2O UEFI BIOS

The product is a proprietary licensed UEFI BIOS firmware that supports Intel and AMD. PC manufacturers buy the BIOS source code and modify the source code to meet their specific BIOS needs. For the firmware's security vulnerabilities, the company publishes the security advisory, and provides the updates on the CVE fixes and patches to their customers.

See also
 List of companies of Taiwan
 BIOS features comparison

References 

Software companies established in 1998
BIOS
Software companies of Taiwan
Companies based in Taipei
Electronics companies of Taiwan
Taiwanese brands
Taiwanese companies established in 1998
2003 initial public offerings
Companies listed on the Taipei Exchange
Yarnscombe

Yarnscombe is a small village and parish in the Torridge area of Devon, England. It is situated approximately  from Great Torrington and  from Barnstaple. In the year 2001 census the population was recorded at 300.

Parish Church
The parish church is dedicated to St Andrew. The nave, chancel and transeptal north tower probably date from the 13th century, while the south aisle and porch are 15th century. A vestry was added in 1846. The position of the tower is unusual for Devon. The Church contains some medieval tiles and glass. The 15th century altar-tomb on the north side of the chancel is that of John (or Nicholas) Cockworthy, of the estate of Cockworthy in the parish,  and his wife. The church was repaired in 1852.

Village Hall

The Village Hall which is available to hire for parties, wedding receptions etc. The Hall is also home to a variety of activities such as a Youth Club, Bingo, Badminton, Skittles Teams and Short Mat Bowling, all of which are open to new members/participators.

Methodist Church
Yarnscombe Methodist Church was built in 1908 replacing a wood building built in 1861. The original building was a Bible Christian chapel described by the North Devon Journal as "a wooded structure, built upon six wheels, the object of which is to prevent its becoming the property of the owner of the soil on the expiration of the lease on which it is granted to the present lessee." Shortly after the foundation stones for the new church were laid, the Bible Christian Church in England merged with other Methodist denominations to form the United Methodist Church. The Yarnscombe United Methodist Church closed in 1993, and the building was converted to a private residence.

History
Historically it formed part of Hartland Hundred. It falls within Torrington Deanery for ecclesiastical purposes.

Historic estates
Langley, the historic seat of a junior branch of the Pollard family.

External links 

 Yarnscombe Website, The official website of the village
 Yarnscombe Online, site created by some of the youth of the village
 Devon Libraries Local Studies Service
 GENUKI Yarnscombe

Villages in Devon
Torridge District
Yeongnyu of Goguryeo

Yeongnyu of Goguryeo (?–642) was the 27th monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, from 618 to 642.

Family
Father: King Pyeongwon (평원왕, 平原王)
Grandfather: King Yangwon (양원왕, 陽原王)
Unknown wife
Son: Prince Hwangwon (환권, 桓權)
Son: Prince Bokdeok (복덕, 福德)
Daughter: Lady Muyeong (고무영, 高務營)
Daughter: Lady Sukyeong (고숙영, 高肅營)

Background
He was the younger half-brother of the 26th monarch Yeong-yang, and son of the 25th king Pyeongwon. He assumed the throne when Yeong-yang died in 618.

Reign
In China, the Sui dynasty was followed by the Tang dynasty in 618, the year of Yeongnyu's ascension. Goguryeo was recovering from the Goguryeo–Sui War, and the new Tang emperor was still completing its internal unification. Neither being in a position for new hostilities, Goguryeo and Tang exchanged emissaries and upon Tang's request, conducted a prisoner exchange in 622.

In 624, Tang officially presented Taoism to the Goguryeo court, which sent scholars the following year to study Taoism and Buddhism.

However, as Tang gained strength, in 631, it sent a small force to destroy a monument to Goguryeo's victory over the Sui. In response, Goguryeo built the Cheolli Jangseong defensive wall along the western border, a 15-year project begun in 631 under the supervision of Yeon Gaesomun.

During this time, Goguryeo continued its battles to recover lost territory from the southern Korean kingdom Silla. Silla's Kim Yu-sin took Goguryeo's Nangbi fortress in 629.

Fall, death and succession
Yeongnyu and some of the government officials planned to kill some of the more powerful military officers. They planned first to kill Yeon Gaesomun, whose power and influence were rapidly overtaking the throne's. The young man eventually discovered the plot, and immediately went to Pyongyang to kill the plotters, including the king. Yeongnyu was killed in 642.

Yeon Gaesomun placed Yeongnyu's nephew, Bojang, on the throne.

In popular culture
 Portrayed by Choi Jong-hwan in 2006-2007 SBS TV series Yeon Gaesomun.
 Portrayed by Kim Yeong-cheol in 2013 KBS2 TV series The Blade and Petal.
Portrayed in the 2017 KBS TV series Chronicles of Korea.

See also
List of Korean monarchs
Three Kingdoms of Korea
History of Korea

References

Goguryeo monarchs
642 deaths
Year of birth unknown
7th-century Korean monarchs
Fairland, Gauteng

Fairland is a residential suburb in northern  Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. The area is neighboured by Northcliff, Cresta and Darrenwood and is one of the most leafy suburbs in the city. Fairland was developed on land that was originally a farm called Weltevreden.
Statistics indicate that Fairland has some of the lowest crime statistics within Johannesburg.

Facilities
Major shopping centres around Fairland include: Cresta Shopping Centre, Clearwater Shopping Centre, EL Corro Shopping Centre, Fairland Walk Shopping Centre, Trade Centre, Makro etc.

There are a number of schools in the area, namely Laerskool Fairland, and Cliffview Primary School.

References

Johannesburg Region C
Kiara (given name)

Kiara (  or  ) is a  given name with various origins.

It may be a variant of the Italian name Chiara, meaning bright, or the Irish name Ciara, meaning dark-haired. 

In Japan, Kiara is an uncommon name typically given to males; its meaning is dependent upon the characters used to spell the name. It has also been used for girls in Japan in recent years and classified as part of a trend for kira-kira or shiny names notable for using uncommon kanji characters to spell names that have novel meanings or pronunciations. For instance, the given name of Kiara Sato (Japanese: 佐藤 妃星), a member of the Japanese idol girl group AKB48 Team 4, uses kanji characters meaning princess and star.

Usage
The name has been in wide use worldwide. In the United States it has been among the top 1,000 names for newborn girls since 1988. It also has been rarely used for American boys.

People
Kiara (singer) (born 1963), Venezuelan singer-songwriter
Kiara Advani (born 1992), Indian actress
Kiara Bisaro (born 1975), Canadian mountain biker
Kiara Bowers (born 1991), Australian rules footballer
Kiara Brinkman (born 1979), American writer 
Kiara Fontanesi (born 1994), Italian professional motocross racer
Kiara Fontanilla (born 2000) American-born soccer player for the Philippines women's national football team
Kiara Kabukuru (born 1975), American fashion model
Kiara Laetitia (born 1979), Italian rock singer and entrepreneur
Kiara Leslie (born 1995), American professional basketball player
Kiara Muhammad (born 1998), American actress
Kiara Munteanu (born 1997), Australian gymnast
Kiara Nirghin (born 2000), South African inventor, scientist and speaker
Kiara Nowlin (born 1995), American gymnast
Kiara Ortega (born 1993), Puerto Rican dancer and beauty pageant title holder
Kiara “Kiki” Pickett (born 1999), American professional soccer player
Kiara Rodriguez (born 2002), Ecuadoran Paralympic athlete
Kiara Saitō (齋藤樹愛羅)(born 2004), Japanese idol
Kiara Sasso (born 1979), Brazilian actress
Kiara Sato (佐藤妃星) (born 2000), a member of AKB48 Team 4, Japanese idol

Fiction
Kiara, fictional character in the film The Lion King II: Simba's Pride
Kiara “Kie” Carrera, a character in the Netflix series Outer Banks
Sessyoin Kiara, fictional character in the PSP game Fate/Extra: CCC and mobile gacha game Fate/Grand Order

See also
Kiiara (Kiara Saulters, born 1995), American singer
Kiara (disambiguation)
Keira (disambiguation)

Notes

cs:Kiara
pt:Kiara
Feminine given names