alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Leo McKay Jr.

Leo McKay Jr. (born June 19, 1964) is a Canadian novelist and short story writer from Stellarton, Nova Scotia. He also is a periodic contributor to The Globe and Mail.

Early life 

McKay was born and raised in the town of Stellarton, Nova Scotia, where he graduated from Stellarton High School in 1982.  He grew up in the small working class Stellarton neighborhood called the Red Row, a neighborhood of hundred-year-old mining company duplexes and a tight-knit community of working-class people. His parents grew up in the same neighborhood. His mother, Georgina Bellick, was the daughter of Polish and Ukrainian immigrants.  His father, Leo McKay Sr., who lived in the Red Row until his death in 2011, was a riveter at the railcar factory in nearby Trenton before becoming a career labour leader, social activist, New Democrat politician, and eventually a member of Stellarton Town Council.

He studied English at St. Francis Xavier University, French at Laval, Creative Writing at the University of British Columbia and Education at Dalhousie.  He lived in Asia for four years.

Career 

McKay teaches English at Cobequid Educational Centre in Truro, Nova Scotia.

McKay became one of the first recognized literary writers to embrace social media. During the 2010 CBC Canada Reads competition, McKay used Facebook, Twitter and especially YouTube, to promote his 2003 novel Twenty-Six as one of the Best Canadian Novels of the previous decade. He used hand-shot, self-produced videos called "Twenty-six Reasons Why You Should Vote for Twenty-Six For Canada Reads 2010". The novel made the 40 book long list, and that success spurred McKay to further use of social media as a promotional tool.

In the spring of 2012, McKay used an online funding site, Indiegogo.com, to fund the independent publication of a new novel, Roll Up the Rim. That campaign raised $10,000 in 30 days, and was chosen by Indiegogo.com as an example of how to run a successful online funding campaign.

Recognition 
McKay's debut short story collection, Like This, was short-listed for the Giller Prize in 1995 and received the Dartmouth Book Award for fiction in 1996.

His first novel, Twenty-Six, was published in 2003. It became a national bestseller, and won the 2004 Dartmouth Book Award.

Published works
 Like This (1996)
 Twenty-Six (2003)
 Roll up the Rim (2013)

References

External links
 Author's page on agent's website
 Author's blog

1964 births
Living people
Canadian male novelists
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Canadian male short story writers
People from Pictou County
People from Truro, Nova Scotia
Writers from Nova Scotia
20th-century Canadian short story writers
21st-century Canadian short story writers
21st-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Frontal nerve

The frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic nerve (V1), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). It supplies sensation to the skin of the forehead, the mucosa of the frontal sinus, and the skin of the upper eyelid. It may be affected by schwannoma.

Structure 
The frontal nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (V1), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). The frontal nerve branches immediately before entering the superior orbital fissure. In then travels superolateral to the annulus of Zinn between the lacrimal nerve and inferior ophthalmic vein. After entering the orbit it travels anteriorly between the roof periosteum and the levator palpebrae superioris. Midway between the apex and base of the orbit it divides into two branches, the supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve.

Functions 
The two branches of the frontal nerve provide sensory innervation to the skin of the forehead, mucosa of the frontal sinus (an air sinus), and the skin of the upper eyelid.

Clinical significance 
The frontal nerve may rarely be affected by schwannoma, a benign nerve tumor affecting its myelin sheath. This may be between the superior orbital fissure and the supraorbital foramen or supraorbital notch. It may cause damage to the adjacent orbital part of the frontal bone. A CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging may be used to identify the extent of the cancer. A biopsy may be taken to confirm a diagnosis. Surgery may be used to remove the schwannoma.

Additional images

References 

Ophthalmic nerve
Lacrimal nerve

The lacrimal nerve is the smallest of the three main branches of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) (itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)).

It enters the orbit outside the common tendinous ring and passes forward along the side wall of the orbit.

It provides sensory innervation to the skin and both surfaces of conjunctiva at the lateral portion of the upper eyelid.

It also receives a parasympathetic secretomotor communicating branch for the lacrimal gland which it conveys to the gland.

Structure

Origin 
The lacrimal nerve branches from the ophthalmic nerve immediately before traveling through the superior orbital fissure to enter the orbit.

At the superior portion of the lateral wall of the orbit, it also receives a secretomotor communicating parasympathetic branch from the zygomaticotemporal nerve for the lacrimal gland.

Course 
It enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure outside (lateral to) the common tendinous ring, coursing lateral to the frontal nerve and trochlear nerve (CN IV). Once inside the orbit, it travels anterior-ward along (the superior portion of) the lateral wall of the orbit upon the superior margin of the lateral rectus muscle; here, it receives a secretomotor branch for the lacrimal gland from the zygomaticotemporal nerve. It is accompanied by the lacrimal artery along its course through the orbit. It travels through the lacrimal gland, supplying the gland with sensory and parasympathetic branches, then continuing anteriorly as a few small sensory branches. It pierces the orbital septum to reach its terminal target tissues.

Distribution

Sensory 
The lacrimal nerve provides sensory innervation to:

 the lacrimal gland
 a small area of skin over the lateral portion of the upper eyelid
 both surfaces (i.e. ocular and palpebral) of the conjunctiva at the lateral portion of the upper eyelid (i.e. the conjunctiva at the superior fornix)
 skin of the lateral forehead and scalp.

Parasympathetic 
At the superior portion of the lateral wall of the orbit, the lacrimal nerve receives a secretomotor communicating parasympathetic branch (containing post-ganglionic fibres for the lacrimal gland from the pterygopalatine ganglion) from the zygomaticotemporal nerve which it conveys to the lacrimal gland.

Variation 
Occasionally, the lacrimal nerve is replaced by the zygomaticotemporal nerve, and vice versa.

Additional images

References

Ophthalmic nerve
List of The Life and Times of Juniper Lee episodes

The Life and Times of Juniper Lee is an American cartoon series. It lasted for three seasons on Cartoon Network, debuting on May 30, 2005, and lasting until April 9, 2007. The show spanned 40 episodes across 3 seasons. All the episodes are directed by Frank Squillace.

Series overview

Episodes

Season 1 (2005)

Season 2 (2005-06)

Season 3 (2006-07)

Shorts (2006–07)

Lists of Cartoon Network television series episodes
Life and Times of Juniper Lee, The
Pichichi

Pichichi may refer to

 Pichichi (footballer) (1892–1922), Spanish footballer
 Pichichi Trophy – a trophy named in honour of the above awarded to the top goalscorer in Spain's La Liga each season
 

fr:Meilleurs buteurs du championnat d'Espagne de football#Classement des Pichichi par saison
Hivinau

The hivinau is a dance from Tahiti where the dancers turn in pairs around the orchestra. It is often either the first or the last dance of a dance festival or used as a transition between two dances.

Although an old dance, it is not traditional, the name hivinau probably derived from a yell by the officers of any passing European ship: "Heave now!", and the subsequent turning of the wheel with anchor chain by the crew.

The dance has two circles, one of men, another of women, turning around the centre axis where the orchestra sits, as whether the anchor is to be heaved. Every time a male and female dancer meet each other, they turn to each other, yell: "Hiri, haʻa, haʻa" and may perform some knee or hip shakes respectively.

References
P. O'Reilly; La danse a Tahiti

Dances of Tahiti
Supraorbital

Supraorbital refers to the region immediately above the eye sockets, where in humans the eyebrows are located. It denotes several anatomical features, such as:

Supraorbital artery
Supraorbital foramen
Supraorbital gland
Supraorbital nerve
Supraorbital ridge
Supraorbital vein
Primasheet

Primasheet is a rubberized sheet explosive identical to Detasheet. Manufactured by  Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense Company Primasheet comes in two varieties: Primasheet 1000 is PETN based and Primasheet 2000 is RDX based. Both are waterproof and are supplied in continuous rolls.

Primasheet 1000 
Primasheet 1000 is PETN based, and contains 65% PETN, 8% nitrocellulose, and 27% plasticizer. Primasheet 1000 is olive green colored, and manufactured in 1.0, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 mm thicknesses.

Primasheet 2000 
Primasheet 2000 is an RDX-based rubberized sheet explosive.  It contains 88.2% RDX with the remainder plasticizer. It is equally as powerful as C4.

SX2 
A British military explosive, also manufactured by Ensign-Bickford.  This is very similar or identical to commercial Primasheet 2000.

References 

Explosives
Rubberized explosives
DSC Wanne-Eickel

DSC Wanne-Eickel is a German association football club that plays in Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia.

History
The club was founded in 1954 as TB Eickel when it left Sportfreunde Wanne-Eickel, a short-lived union it had formed with SV Preußen 04 Wanne, in 1950. It took on the name DSC Wanne-Eickel in 1969. In addition to a football team the club has departments for judo, model airplane flying, bowling, handball, watersports and physical fitness.

A third division side since 1960, it earned promotion to the 2. Bundesliga Nord late in the 1970s and played the 1978 and 1979 seasons there. The club voluntarily bowed out in spite of 11th and 13th-place finishes well clear of the relegation zone in the face of dismal attendance and an increasingly untenable financial situation. It returned to third division play where it played until the early 1990s before slipping to the Verbandsliga Westfalen-Sudwest (V). The football department became independent in 2000 and from the 2003–04 season played in the tier VI Landesliga Westfalen-West, gaining promotion to the Verbandsliga Westfalen again in 2005.

The club now plays in the Westfalenliga, formerly the Verbandsliga.

Honours
The club's honours:
 Westfalenliga
 Champions: 1978, 2006
 Westphalia Cup
 Winners: 1986

Stadium
DSC plays in the Sportpark Wanne-Süd (capacity 16,000) built in 1956. A seating grandstand was added in the early 1990s.

External links
 Official website 
 The Abseits Guide to German Soccer

 
Football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in North Rhine-Westphalia
Association football clubs established in 1954
1954 establishments in West Germany
Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia
2. Bundesliga clubs
Correlation immunity

In mathematics, the correlation immunity of a Boolean function is a measure of the degree to which its outputs are uncorrelated with some subset of its inputs. Specifically, a Boolean function is said to be correlation-immune of order m if every subset of m or fewer variables in  is statistically independent of the value of .

Definition 
A function  is -th order correlation immune if for any independent  binary random variables , the random variable  is independent from any random vector  with .

Results in cryptography 
When used in a stream cipher as a combining function for linear feedback shift registers, a Boolean function with low-order correlation-immunity is more susceptible to a correlation attack than a function with correlation immunity of high order.

Siegenthaler showed that the correlation immunity m of a Boolean function of algebraic degree d of n variables satisfies m + d ≤ n; for a given set of input variables, this means that a high algebraic degree will restrict the maximum possible correlation immunity.  Furthermore, if the function is balanced then m + d ≤ n − 1.

References

Further reading
 Cusick, Thomas W. & Stanica, Pantelimon (2009). "Cryptographic Boolean functions and applications". Academic Press. .

Cryptography
Boolean algebra
Michael McCrary

Michael Curtis McCrary (born July 7, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end for ten seasons with the Seattle Seahawks and the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL) between 1993 and 2002. McCrary was a two-time Pro Bowler in 1998 and 1999. McCrary was inducted to the Ravens Ring of Honor in 2004. McCrary is now doing commentary for the Ravens on WBAL-AM.

Early years
When McCrary was a young boy his mother wanted to place him in a day care which was located across the street from his home.  However, it wasn't racially integrated and she sued the day care to allow Michael's admittance. The case went to the United States Supreme Court Runyon v. McCrary in 1976. One of the justices who dissented was former football star Byron "Whizzer" White; a quarter-century later, in 2000, McCrary won the Byron "Whizzer" White NFL Man of the Year Award. He later attended George C. Marshall High School in Fairfax County, Virginia.

College career
McCrary played college football at Wake Forest University from 1989–92, setting school records for sacks in a season (16) and in a career (30), records he still holds.

When being scouted by NFL scouts they found his vertical leap was measured at 36 inches; and at 250 pounds, he came in at 4.59 seconds in the 40-yard sprint.

Professional career

McCrary was drafted in the seventh round by the Seattle Seahawks in the 1993 NFL Draft. He spent four seasons  as a defensive end as well as playing on special teams before signing with Baltimore following the 1996 season.

McCrary started all 16 games with the Ravens at defensive end during the 1998 season. That season, he led the team in quarterback sacks, and he finished second on the team in tackles. He was elected to the Pro Bowl along with five other Ravens' teammates, Bennie Thompson, Peter Boulware, Jermaine Lewis, Ray Lewis, and Jonathan Ogden. 

In 1999, he again started all 16 games for the Ravens, and was elected to his second Pro Bowl. The following season, McCrary would again start all 16 games as the Ravens would have one of the greatest statistical defenses in NFL history, finishing 12-4 and allowing an NFL record 10.3 points per game. In the playoffs, McCrary would have 6 sacks, including 2 in Super Bowl XXXV, which McCrary and the Ravens won 34-7.

Due to various injuries, McCrary retired in August 2003, ending his stint with the Ravens. McCrary finished 2nd on franchise sack list with 51 sacks, now 3rd behind Terrell Suggs (125 QB sacks) and Peter Boulware (70 QB sacks).

References

1970 births
Living people
American football defensive ends
Seattle Seahawks players
Baltimore Ravens players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football players
People from Vienna, Virginia
Players of American football from Fairfax County, Virginia
Pa'o'a

The pāōā (often written as paoa, as the Tahitian is not punctilious about writing accents), is a modern dance from Tahiti where the dancers sit on their knees in a circle on the ground, sing and tap with their hands on their thighs on the rhythm of the music, which is a quite repetitive scanning refrain. Selected members, one boy and one girl, dance inside the circle. The whole scenario has something of a rooster fight (not common on Tahiti). Coincidentally the theme of the dance is usually from the hunt or from fishing.

References

Further reading
Patrick O'Reilly; La danse à Tahiti

Dances of Tahiti
Octopus Islands Marine Provincial Park

Octopus Islands Marine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is located between Quadra Island and Maurelle Island in Okisollo Channel.

External links

 Octopus Islands Provincial Park infopage

Provincial Parks of the Discovery Islands
Provincial parks of British Columbia
1974 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1974
Marine parks of Canada
Holz

Holz [holts] is a German surname meaning wood or timber, and may refer to:

 Arno Holz (1863–1929), German poet and dramatist
 Betty W. Holz (1919–2005), American mathematician
 George Holz, American photographer
 Joshua Holz, creator of the 2016 Damn Daniel internet meme
 Justa Holz-Mänttäri, translation scholar
 Karl Holz (executive) (born 1952), current chairman and CEO of Euro Disney SCA
 Karl Holz (Gauleiter) (1895–1945), German Nazi NSDAP Gauleiter of Franconia and SA Gruppenführer
 Karl Holz (violinist) (1798–1858), Austrian violinist and friend of Beethoven
 Paul Holz (1952-2017), German football midfielder
 Richard E. Holz (1914–1986), American brass band composer

Other uses
 Short for Holzblasinstrumente, see woodwinds

See also 
 Holt (disambiguation)
 Holtz
 Holzer

German-language surnames
Surnames of Jewish origin
Contrapasso

In  Dante's Inferno, contrapasso (or, in modern Italian, contrappasso, from Latin  and , meaning "suffer the opposite") is the punishment of souls "by a process either resembling or contrasting with the sin itself." A similar process occurs in the Purgatorio.

One of the examples of contrapasso occurs in the fourth Bolgia of the eighth circle of Hell, where the sorcerers, astrologers, and false prophets have their heads turned back on their bodies such that it is "necessary to walk backward because they could not see ahead of them." This alludes to the consequences of predicting the future by evil means and displays the twisted nature of magic in general. This example of contrapasso "functions not merely as a form of divine revenge, but rather as the fulfillment of a destiny freely chosen by each soul during his or her life."

The word contrapasso can be found in Inferno, in which the decapitated Bertran de Born declares:  (XXVIII.142), which was translated by Longfellow as "thus is observed in me the counterpoise", and by  Singleton as "thus is the retribution observed in me." Dante believes that De Born is in the ninth Bolgia of schismatics for causing Henry the Young King's rebellion against his father, Henry II of England. De Born is decapitated as a contrapasso for his supposed act of political decapitation in undermining a rightful head of the state.

Dante inherited the idea of "contrapasso" from various theological and literary sources. These include Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica as well as medieval ‘visions’ such as Visio Pauli, Visio Alberici, and Visio Tnugdali.

See also 
 Naraka, in Indian religions where punishments resemble sins committed in life

Notes 

Inferno (Dante)
Italian words and phrases
Edward Ray

Edward Ray may refer to:

Ed Ray (academic) (born 1944), American economist and academic administrator
Ted Ray (golfer) (1877–1943), British professional golfer
Eddie Ray (born 1947), former professional American football player
Frank Edward "Ed" Ray (1921–2012), American bus driver who saved a group of students during the 1976 Chowchilla kidnapping
Edward Wiley Ray (born 1926), record company executive, record producer and songwriter

See also
Edward Wray, Groom of the Bedchamber to James I
Ted Ray (disambiguation)
Mictyris

Mictyris is a genus of brightly coloured crabs, placed in its own taxonomical family, the Mictyridae. It inhabits the central Indo-West Pacific region. These crabs congregate on mud flats or beaches in groups of a few thousand, and filter sand or mud for microscopic organisms. They congregate during low tide, and bury themselves in the sand during high tide or whenever they are threatened. This is done in wet sand, and they dig in a corkscrew pattern, leaving many small round pellets of sand behind them.

Species

The genus contains eight species: 

The predictable behaviour of these crabs has led them to be used in experiments in a form of billiard ball computer.

References

External links

Ocypodoidea

Crustaceans
Ted Ray

Ted Ray may refer to:

Ted Ray (comedian) (Charlie Olden, 1905–1977), British comedian
Ted Ray (golfer) (Edward Ray, 1877–1943), British golfer

See also
Ted Wray, Canadian politician
Edward Ray (disambiguation)
The Point of View of My Work as an Author

The Point of View of My Work as an Author (subtitle: A Direct Communication, Report to History) is an autobiographical account of the 19th-century Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard's use of his pseudonyms.

Overview
The work was written in 1848, published in part in 1851 (as On my Work as an Author), and published in full posthumously in 1859. This work explains his pseudonymous writings and his personal attachment to those writings. Walter Lowrie, a Kierkegaardian translator and scholar, called this an autobiography "so unique that it has no parallel in the whole literature of the world."

However, Kierkegaard did make the following remarks in The Point of View that cast doubt on whether he regarded the pseudonymous writings as highly as he did his Christian writings. He published Either/Or under the pseudonym, Victor Eremita, February 20, 1843, and Two Edifying Discourses, May 16, 1843 under his own name. The Point of View is his own interpretation of his work up to 1848. He had just published Works of Love in 1847, where he attempted to explain how to love your neighbor as yourself.

Criticism
Benjamin Nelson wrote the Preface to Lowrie's 1962 translation of Kierkegaard's Point of View. He noted the dates the book was written and published. 
Consider the principal dates associated with The Point of View — 1859, the year when the work was first published, and 1848, the year when it was written. Both dates recall publications which revolutionized the worlds of thought and experience: the former, the Origin of Species, by a retiring British botanist, Charles Darwin; the latter, The Communist Manifesto, by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Kierkegaard’s fellow auditor — along with Bakunin, Herzen, Feuerbach and other notable figures — of Schelling’s Berlin lectures in 1841. 
Is it not odd that we look to this melancholy and splenetic Dane, who seemed to so many of his forward-looking contemporaries a ‘misanthropic traitor against mankind’, to be a foremost champion in the defense against the perversions of thought and existence which have been sired by the humanitarian spokesmen for ‘scientific eugenics’ and ‘scientific socialism’? Benjamin Nelson’s Preface to The Point of View by Soren Kierkegaard 1859 Lowrie translation 1962 p. xviii

Notes
 Essential Kierkegaard, p. 449

References
 Hong, Howard V. and Edna H. Hong, eds. (2000).  The Essential Kierkegaard. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 544. ; 
 Søren Kierkegaard, The Point of View of My Work as An Author: A Report to History, and related writings, written in 1848, published in 1859 by his brother Peter Kierkegaard. Translated with introduction and notes by Walter Lowrie, 1962, Harper Torchbooks. pp. 170.

1859 books
Books by Søren Kierkegaard
Philosophy essays
William Evans Hoyle

Dr William Evans Hoyle FRSE (28 January 1855 – 7 February 1926) was a British zoologist. A specialist in deep sea creatures, he worked on classification and illustrations from the Challenger expedition from 1882 to 1888.

Life
Hoyle was born in Manchester, the son of William Jennings Hoyle, an engraver.

He was educated at Owens College and at Exeter College and Christ Church, Oxford where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts in 1877, Master of Arts in 1882 and a Doctor of Science, he was also Member of the Royal College of Surgeons.

He was the Director of the Manchester Museum from 1889 to 1909 and then was the first director of the National Museum of Wales from 1909 up to his retirement in 1926. Trained as a medical anatomist, Hoyle is most famous for his monographic studies on cephalopods from major exploring expeditions of his era including the Challenger, the Albatross, the British National Antarctic Expedition and the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition.

In 1883 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir John Murray, Morrison Watson, John Gray McKendrick and James Cossar Ewart.

Hoyle authored many first descriptions of cephalopods, including (but not limited to) those tabled below.

In 1906 he served as President of the Museums Association of Great Britain.

He died in Porthcawl in Wales on 7 February 1926.

Family
He married twice: firstly in 1883 to Edith Isabel Sharp (d.1916); secondly in 1918 to Mrs Florence Ethel Mabel Hallett, a widow.

Artistic Recognition
There is a portrait of Hoyle in oils at the National Museum of Wales.

References

External links
 
 Hoyle Cephalopoda
 photo from Hoyle's cephalopod collection

1855 births
1926 deaths
English malacologists
Teuthologists
Directors of museums in the United Kingdom
People associated with Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales
Manchester Museum people
Cosmopolitan Bloodloss

"Cosmopolitan Bloodloss" is the lead single from Glassjaw's 2002 studio album, Worship and Tribute. Two differing versions were released in the US and the UK.

As with many Glassjaw songs, "Cosmopolitan Bloodloss" is lyrically ambiguous and oddly phrased. It mentions a nervous female and someone at an airport "addressing most littlest." It is widely speculated this song is written from the perspective of someone who is opposed to abortion, with Daryl Palumbo himself being pro-choice. Aiding the song's complexity are its many independent layers of guitar which help give it an aggressive and somewhat paranoid feel. The song was featured in the video game Legends of Wrestling II in 2002.

Music video
Both versions of the single contain the "Cosmopolitan Bloodloss" music video which found marginal airplay on music TV networks. Directed by Patrick Hoelk, it features Vincent Gallo and has the band performing in an alley in New York City. Their loud music awakens Gallo who then begins physically confronting strangers as he walks the streets of New York. He eventually finds the alley the band is performing in, walks up to them, and unplugs their equipment just before the song is finished. He then gives them a long, angry stare as the video fades to black.

An alternate ending was shot for the video in which Gallo walks up to the band, produces a pistol, and shoots each member. It was deemed too violent for TV but can be found online.

Track listing

US version
 "Cosmopolitan Bloodloss" – 3:04
 "Trailer Park Jesus" – 4:30
 "El Mark" – 3:40

UK version
 "Cosmopolitan Bloodloss" – 3:04
 "El Mark" – 3:40
 "The Number No Good Things Can Come of" – 5:05

References

2002 singles
Glassjaw songs
2002 songs
List of Royal Australian Air Force independent aircraft flights

This is a list of independent Royal Australian Air Force aircraft flights.  It includes flights which did not form part of a parent squadron and flying units of less than squadron status.

Air ambulance units
No. 1 Air Ambulance Unit RAAF
No. 2 Air Ambulance Unit RAAF

Air-sea rescue flights
No. 111 Air-Sea Rescue Flight RAAF
No. 112 Air-Sea Rescue Flight RAAF
No. 113 Air-Sea Rescue Flight RAAF
No. 114 Air-Sea Rescue Flight RAAF
No. 115 Air-Sea Rescue Flight RAAF

Air observation post flights
No. 16 Air Observation Post Flight RAAF
No. 17 Air Observation Post Flight RAAF

Communication units

No. 1 Communication Unit RAAF
No. 2 Communication Unit RAAF
No. 3 Communication Unit RAAF
No. 4 Communication Unit RAAF
No. 5 Communication Unit RAAF
No. 6 Communication Unit RAAF
No. 7 Communication Unit RAAF
No. 8 Communication Unit RAAF
No. 9 Communication Unit RAAF
No. 10 Communication Unit RAAF
No. 11 Communication Unit RAAF
No. 12 Communication Unit RAAF
No. 13 Communication Unit RAAF
No. 30 Communication Unit RAAF

Forward air control flights
No. 4 Forward Air Control Flight RAAF 
Forward Air Control Development Unit RAAF

Transport flights
No. 9 Local Air Supply Unit RAAF 
No. 10 Local Air Supply Unit RAAF 
No. 12 Local Air Supply Unit RAAF 
No. 33 Flight RAAF
No. 200 Flight RAAF
Governor-General's Flight RAAF
RAAF Special Transport Flight
RAAF Transport Flight (Japan)
RAAF Transport Flight Vietnam
Transport Support Flight RAAF
Transport Flight Butterworth RAAF

Miscellaneous flights
No. 1 Long Range Flight RAAF
No. 5 Flight RAAF
No. 82 Wing Training Flight RAAF
No. 101 Flight RAAF
No. 201 Flight RAAF
Antarctic Flight RAAF
Lincoln Conversion Flight RAAF
Seaplane Training Flight RAAF
Survey Flight RAAF
Target Towing and Special Duties Flight RAAF
RAAF Washington Flying Unit

See also

References

Australian Air Force independent aircraft flights
 
Air
Royal Australian Air Force lists
Shooting at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 300 metre free rifle, three positions

The 300 m rifle three positions event was one of five free rifle events of the competitions in the Shooting at the 1900 Summer Olympics events in Paris. They were held from August 3 to August 5, 1900. 30 shooters from 6 nations competed, with five shooters per team. Medals were given for individual high scores in each of the three positions, overall individual high scores, and the scores of the five shooters were summed to give a team score. The three positions event was won by Emil Kellenberger of Switzerland. Anders Peter Nielsen of Denmark took silver, while Ole Østmo of Norway and Paul Van Asbroeck of Belgium tied for bronze.

Background

This was the first appearance of the men's 300 metre three-positions rifle event, which was held 11 times between 1900 and 1972. Two of the three world champions since the world championships began in 1897 were competing: Achille Paroche of France (1898) and Lars Jørgen Madsen of Denmark (1899); of the total nine medalists to date, seven competed at the Olympics. The Olympic event doubled as the 1900 world championship.

Competition format

The competition had each shooter fire 120 shots, 40 shots in each of three positions: prone, kneeling, and standing. The target was 1 metre in diameter, with 10 scoring rings; targets were set at a distance of 300 metres. Thus, the maximum score possible was 1200 points. Medals were also awarded for team results, adding the individual three-positions scores together. For the only time in Olympic history, medals were awarded for scores in each of the three positions.

Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

Emil Kellenberger set the initial Olympic record for the 120-shot format at 930 points.

Schedule

Results

The scores from the three positions were summed, giving a total possible of 1200 points.

References

 International Olympic Committee medal winners database
 De Wael, Herman. Herman's Full Olympians: "Shooting 1900". Accessed 3 March 2006. Available electronically at .
 

Men's rifle military three positions
Men's 300m 3 positions
Youth Dub

Youth Dub is a bonus disc released in conjunction with Matisyahu's second studio album Youth. Both discs were released on March 7, 2006. Youth Dub is included with some copies of Youth and is available as a limited edition, stand-alone album. Producer Bill Laswell made a King Tubby style dub remix of Youth, adding effects and bringing to the fore the music of the backing band Roots Tonic rather than Matisyahu's vocals. Laswell was so impressed with the band that he invited them back into his studio and teamed up for an all-instrumental dub album, Roots Tonic meets Bill Laswell.

The cover artwork is a papercut designed by artist Dena Levie.

Track listing
 "Youth Dub"
 "Fire & Dub"
 "Spark Seekers"
 "Dub Warrior"
 "WP Dub"
 "Daughters Dub"
 "One Woman"
 "Fire of Heaven Dub"
 "Chop 'Em Down Dub"
 "Nigun"

External links
Official Site
Youth lyrics

Matisyahu albums
2006 remix albums
Epic Records remix albums
Communes of Benin

The departments of Benin are subdivided into 77 communes, which in turn are divided into arrondissements and finally into villages or city districts. Prior to 1999 provinces were broken down into 84 districts, titled either urban or rural.  Before independence, the six provinces were subdivided into Cercles, cantons, préfectures and villages or towns.

The communes are listed below, by department:


Alibori 

Banikoara
Gogounou
Kandi
Karimama
Malanville
Segbana

Atakora 

Boukoumbé
Cobly
Kérou
Kouandé
Matéri
Natitingou
Pehonko
Tanguiéta
Toucountouna

Atlantique 

Abomey-Calavi
Allada
Kpomassè
Ouidah
Sô-Ava
Toffo
Tori-Bossito
Zè

Borgou 

Bembèrèkè
Kalalé
N'Dali
Nikki
Parakou
Pèrèrè
Sinendé
Tchaourou

Collines 

Bantè
Dassa-Zoumè
Glazoué
Ouèssè
Savalou
Savé

Donga 

Bassila
Copargo
Djougou Rural
Djougou Urban
Ouaké

Kouffo 

Aplahoué
Djakotomey
Klouékanmè
Lalo
Toviklin
Dogbo-Tota

Littoral 

Cotonou

Mono 

Athiémé
Bopa
Comé
Grand-Popo
Houéyogbé
Lokossa

Ouémé 

Adjarra
Adjohoun
Aguégués
Akpro-Missérété
Avrankou
Bonou
Dangbo
Porto Novo
Sèmè-Kpodji

Plateau 

Ifangni
Adja-Ouèrè
Kétou
Pobè
Sakété

Zou 

Abomey
Agbangnizoun
Bohicon
Cové
Djidja
Ouinhi
Za-Kpota
Zangnanado
Zogbodomey

References

Sources 
 
 http://www.ambassade-benin.org/article20.html (French)

 
Subdivisions of Benin
Benin, Communes
Benin 2
Communes, Benin
Benin geography-related lists
Net premium valuation

A net premium valuation is an actuarial calculation, used to place a value on the liabilities of a life insurer.

Background
It involves calculating a present value for the contractual liabilities of a contract, and deducting the value of future premiums. Both contractual liabilities, and future premiums in this calculation allow only for mortality and interest. The key with a net premium valuation is that the premiums being valued are theoretical measures - they make no reference to the actual premiums being charged by the insurer.

This technique is a well-established actuarial valuation method, that became popular because of its simplicity, consistency, and ease of calculation.

New methods
With the advent of computers, the more complicated so-called gross premium valuation calculation (which is also more realistic than the net premium valuation) has become much more feasible, and is displacing the archaic net premium valuation further from its historical position of prominence.

See also
Gross premiums written
 Life Assurance
 Term life insurance
 Permanent life insurance
 Whole life insurance
 Universal life insurance
 Variable universal life insurance
 Corporate-owned life insurance
 Servicemembers' Group Life Insurance
 Segregated funds
 Annuity
 Independent financial advisers
 Estate planning
 Retirement plan
 False insurance claims

Life insurance
Robotman

Robotman may refer to:

 Robotman (Cliff Steele), a DC Comics superhero and member of the Doom Patrol
 Robotman (Robert Crane), a Golden Age DC Comics superhero and a member of the All-Star Squadron
 Robotman, original name of Monty, an American syndicated comic strip by Jim Meddick
 "Robot Man", a 1960 song by Connie Francis
 "Robot Man", a 1981 song from the Rick Wakeman album 1984 featuring Chaka Khan
 "Robot Man", a 1975 song by Scorpions from the album In Trance

See also

 
 
 
 
 Mr. Robot (disambiguation)
 Man (disambiguation)
 Robot (disambiguation)
 Roboman (disambiguation)
 Android (disambiguation)
 Metalman (disambiguation)
Laugh to Laugh: Ang Kulit!

Laugh to Laugh: ! is a Philippine television gag show broadcast by QTV. Hosted by Ryan Yllana, Boy 2 Quizon, Jaja Gonzales, Boom Boom Gonzales and Julia Clarete, it premiered on November 11, 2005. The show concluded on April 28, 2006.

2005 Philippine television series debuts
2006 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
Philippine comedy television series
Q (TV network) original programming
Supratrochlear nerve

The supratrochlear nerve is a branch of the frontal nerve, itself a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) from the trigeminal nerve (CN V). It provides sensory innervation to the skin of the forehead and the upper eyelid.

Structure

Origin 
The supratrochlear nerve is the smaller of the two terminal branches of the frontal nerve (the other being the supraorbital nerve). It arises midway between the base and apex of the orbit where the frontal nerve splits into said terminal branches.

Course 
The supratrochlear nerve passes medially above the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle. It then travels anteriorly above the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. It exits the orbit through the supraorbital notch or foramen. It then ascends onto the forehead beneath the corrugator supercilii muscle and frontalis muscle. It finally divides into sensory branches.

The supratrochlear nerve travels with the supratrochlear artery, a branch of the ophthalmic artery.

Branches 
Before exiting the orbit, the supratrochlear nerve emits a descending branch to the infratrochlear nerve.

Function 
The supratrochlear nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin and conjunctiva of the upper eyelid, and the skin of the inferomedial forehead. It may also provide sensory innervation to part of the periosteum of the frontal bone.

Clinical significance 
The supratrochlear nerve may be anaesthetised for surgery of parts of the scalp. This can be used for small lesions of the scalp. It can also be used for more extensive injury to the scalp. It is often anaesthetised alongside the supraorbital artery.

Etymology 
The supratrochlear nerve is named for its passage above the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle.

Additional images

References

External links 
 
 
  ()
  ()
 http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_47/47-2.HTM

Ophthalmic nerve
Kootenay Lake Provincial Park

Kootenay Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It encompasses five widely dispersed parks around Kootenay Lake: Kootenay Lake Provincial Park (Davis Creek site), Kootenay Lake Provincial Park (Lost Ledge sites), Kootenay Lake Provincial Park (Midge Creek site), Kootenay Lake Provincial Park (Campbell Bay site), and Kootenay Lake Provincial Park (Coffee Creek site).

All of the parks are located in south central British Columbia.

Kootenay Lake Provincial Park (Davis Creek and Lost Ledge sites)
43 hectares.

Kootenay Lake Provincial Park (Midge Creek site) 
223 hectares.

Kootenay Lake Provincial Park (Campbell Bay site)
25 hectares.

Kootenay Lake Provincial Park (Coffee Creek site)
52 hectares.

References

External links
Kootenay Lake Provincial Park (Davis Creek and Lost Ledge sites)
Kootenay Lake Provincial Park (Midge Creek site)
Kootenay Lake Provincial Park (Campbell Bay site)
Kootenay Lake Provincial Park (Coffee Creek site)

Provincial parks of British Columbia
Regional District of Central Kootenay
Year of establishment missing
Epoch (comics)

Epoch, in comics, may refer to:

Epoch (DC Comics), a DC Comics time-traveling character
Epoch (Marvel Comics), a Marvel Comics character, the offspring of Eon
 Epoch (Top Cow/Heroes and Villains), a comic series about a super-natural tournament featuring main character Jonah Wright

See also
Epoch (disambiguation)
Jolly Bus

Jolly Bus was an English bus company operating in Sunderland from 1923 until 1995.

History
In July 1923, WH Jolly commenced operating a service from South Hylton to Sunderland. Following the closure of the railway it was extended from the outskirts of Sunderland into the city centre.

The Jolly Bus ran from Claxheugh Road (map) in South Hylton to Evesham (map) and Sunderland city centre (map).

The Jolly Bus trademark features were both the colour, cream with a brown stripe, and the rear seat, made of varnished wooden slats.  WH Jolly also ran a small number of coaches.

After deregulation,  pressure from other services and the announcement of the Tyne & Wear Metro extension to Sunderland and South Hylton caused the company to cease operations on 1 July 1995.

After the company closed the buses were sold to other companies. It is believed Duple Dominant bodied Bedford YMT KTY 23X was sold to Emsworth & District before being donated to Asia Bus Response, as a response to the Tsunami Disaster of 26 December 2004.

Duple Dominant bodied Bedford YMTs BGR 683W and BGR 684W were sold to Minsterley Motors, the latter operated until at least 2006 as a school bus for Mary Webb School and Science College in Pontesbury. It has since been preserved.

References

External links
Stuart's World Buses gallery
Sunderland District Omnibuses Buses Sunderland Antiquartians Society

1923 establishments in England
1995 disestablishments in England
Former bus operators in Tyne and Wear
Gotham Independent Film Awards 2005

The 15th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards, presented by the Independent Filmmaker Project, were held on November 30, 2005 and were hosted by Kyra Sedgwick. The nominees were announced on October 25, 2005.

Winners and nominees

Special awards

Celebrate New York Award
 Mad Hot Ballroom

Gotham Tributes
 Matt Dillon
 Jim Jarmusch

References

External links
 

2005
2005 film awards
The Happy Bullets

The Happy Bullets is an indie pop band from Dallas, Texas that formed in 2003.

The Happy Bullets began when indie songwriters Jason Roberts and Tim Ruble met while working together at an art gallery in a suburb of Dallas. After a home recording demo was released and played on local radio, Roberts quickly recruited his wife, Andrea to learn bass guitar while lending vocal support to several of the band's more pop-oriented songs. Additional members were later added including Josh McKibben, a landlord, of The Sons of Sound, James Porter from The Tah Dahs and Drawn By Jaymz, and Kris Youmans of The Paper Chase.

2004 saw the release of The Happy Bullets first record, Blue Skies and Umbrellas and was quickly followed up in 2005 with The Vice and Virtue Ministry, engineered by Stuart Sikes (Modest Mouse, Cat Power, the Promise Ring) and released on the upstart Dallas indie label Undeniable Records. The latter gained the band critical acclaim on the national college radio circuit and led to shared bills with Mates of State, Architecture in Helsinki, and Of Montreal.

In 2006, the Happy Bullets toured throughout the United States performing in Austin, Texas at the SXSW Music Festival, Athens, Georgia at the 2006 Athens Popfest, and at CMJ Music Festival in New York City.

Discography

Blue Skies and Umbrellas (2004)
The Vice and Virtue Ministry (2005)
Hydropanic at the Natatorium (2010)

External links
The Happy Bullets Official Website

Indie pop groups from Texas
Musical groups from Dallas
Musical groups established in 2003
Massachusetts Route 31

Route 31 is a  north–south state highway in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. It runs from Dudley on the Connecticut border to Ashby on the New Hampshire border.

Route description

Route 31 begins in Dudley at the Connecticut border, where it is known as Dresser Hill Road. Dresser Hill Road begins in Quinebaug, Connecticut, at Route 197 where it is a short (approximately ) local road erroneously signed as Connecticut Route 31 changing to Route 31 at the Massachusetts state line, then proceeding through Dudley and into Charlton, winding over Dresser Hill with several moderately steep grades and some tight corners.

In Charlton, it intersects U.S. Route 20 a few miles east of the I-90 and I-84 interchange. This provides its only connection with an interstate highway. In Charlton, it is known as Masonic Home Road and Brookfield Road. It then passes Lambs Pond. 

Route 31 then enters Spencer, where it parallels the Podunk Pike (Route 49) for several miles. As Charlton Road, it passes the Spencer State Forest. In the center of Spencer, it crosses Route 9. It then turns north towards Paxton; this stretch is scenic and hilly. Several warning signs are seen here for sharp corners warning of a maximum safe speed of .

After a couple long, sweeping corners through a forest of pine trees, Route 31 enters Paxton. Paxton Center School comes after a treed-in section. The intersections of Route 31, Route 122, and Route 56 comprise Paxton Center. Route 31 is variously known as West Street and Holden Street in Paxton; it runs east–west in this section. It passes over a hill past Richards Memorial Library, then uses Grove Street for approximately . 

In Holden, Route 31 passes Asnebumskit Pond and is bridged over Kendall Reservoir. After the intersection with Route 122A it passes Gale Free Public Library and heads north once again. The road heads into an increasingly rural area as the hills get steeper and longer. 

Route 31 then enters Princeton and begins climbing very steeply; it gains about  in approximately . Entering the center of Princeton, it joins Route 62 and turns east to avoid going over Mount Wachusett. The mountain is instead connected by Mountain Road. After separating from Route 62, Route 31 joins Route 140 and becomes Fitchburg Road near Paradise Pond.

It passes through a portion of Leominster State Forest in Westminster before an interchange with a freeway segment of Route 2. After this interchange, Route 31 becomes a city street, having shared roadway with Route 2A and a wrong-way concurrency with Route 12. It then passes through downtown Fitchburg. As it leaves Fitchburg it is called Ashby State Road. In Ashby, it connects with Route 119 before reaching the New Hampshire state border, where it becomes New Hampshire Route 31.

The stretch of Route 31 from Paxton Center to Holden Center is named the Chief Robert J. Mortell Memorial Highway, after Paxton chief of police Robert Mortell, who was killed in the line of duty on February 1, 1994, in the deeply wooded area bordering Route 31.

Major intersections

References

External links

Mass. Rt. 31 endpoint photos

031
Octavia (opera)

The Roman Unrest, or The Noble-Minded Octavia (German: Die römische Unruhe, oder Die edelmütige Octavia), commonly called Octavia, is a singspiel in three acts by Reinhard Keiser to a German libretto by . It premiered on 5 August 1705 at the Oper am Gänsemarkt, Hamburg.

The work was written in response to Handel's now-lost Nero, using the same period, material and plot but with Feind substantially improving the libretto. It unites the insidious machinations of the mad emperor Nero, including the assassination plots against his stepsister and wife Octavia, the Pisonian conspiracy and its suppression, with a multicoloured sub-plot of the philosophical instructions of the wise Seneca versus the amusing observations of a clown named Davus. The action is held together by the interweaving of all these plots.

It has an abundance of slippery allusions, grotesque elements like a ballet of the dead, which seems to have been taken from a Shakespearean comedy, but above all shows its librettist's opposition to happy endings beloved of his Hamburg audiences.

Octavia is notable among Keisers's work for its lavish orchestration; it is the first recorded use of horns in an opera, and one aria calls for five bassoons.

Roles

References 
Notes

Sources
 Octavia, score in a supplementary volume of the Handel Werkausgabe, editora Friedrich Chrysander and Max Seiffert, Leipzig 1902

Operas
German-language operas
1705 operas
Operas by Reinhard Keiser
Opera world premieres at the Hamburg State Opera
Cultural depictions of Nero
Cultural depictions of Claudia Octavia
Cultural depictions of Seneca the Younger