alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Bellusaurus

Bellusaurus (meaning "Beautiful lizard", from Vulgar Latin bellus 'beautiful' (masculine form) and Ancient Greek sauros 'lizard') was a small short-necked sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) which measured about  long. Its fossils were found in Shishugou Formation rocks in the northeastern Junggar Basin in China.

Discovery and naming

The type and only known species is Bellusaurus sui, formally described by Dong Zhiming in 1991. The remains of Bellusaurus were found in the Shishugou Formation in the northeastern Junggar Basin in China. Seventeen individuals were found in a single quarry, suggesting that a herd had been killed in a flash flood. Some features suggest they may have all been juveniles. Bellusaurus sui was derived from the Latin bellus meaning small, delicate, and beautiful, as these sauropods were small and lightly built. The specific name, sui, was named in honor of Senior Preparator Youling Sui, a notable restorer of dinosaur remains. Bellusaurus was the last restoration undertaken by Mr. Sui.

Fossil record
Bellusaurus sui is known from a large amount of disarticulated material of juvenile individuals.

Description

The length of Bellusaurus has been estimated to be , although this is based on juvenile individuals.

Classification 
Bellusaurus was originally placed in the Brachiosauridae by Dong. More recent phylogenetic analyses have recovered Bellusaurus outside Neosauropoda or near the base of Macronaria. In 2023, a study proposed that Bellusaurus is a mamenchisaurid.

References

External links
 Bellusaurus in the Dino Directory

Macronarians
Jurassic China
Fossils of China
Paleontology in Xinjiang
Fossil taxa described in 1990
Taxa named by Dong Zhiming
Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia
Eine florentinische Tragödie

, Op. 16, is an opera in one act by Alexander von Zemlinsky composed in 1915–16 to a libretto adapted by the composer from a German translation by  of Oscar Wilde's unfinished play A Florentine Tragedy.

Performance history
The opera was premiered at the Staatsoper Stuttgart on 30 January 1917 under the direction of Max von Schillings. Further productions followed in Prague, Vienna and Graz the same year. The work was also staged in Leipzig (1922), Aachen (1924), Schwerin (1925), and Freiburg im Breisgau (1927). The last production during Zemlinsky's lifetime was in Brno in 1928. It lasts under one hour and is generally paired with another work when performed.

The score is published by Universal Edition Vienna.

Roles

Instrumentation 
3  flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 3 oboes (3rd doubling English horn), 3 clarinets in B flat/A (3rd doubling E flat clarinet), bass clarinet, 3 bassoons (3rd doubling contrabassoon);
6 horns, 4 trumpets, 3 trombones, bass tuba;
timpani, percussion (cymbals, bass drum, side drum, triangle, tambourine, tam-tam, sleigh bells, xylophone, glockenspiel), harp, celesta, mandoline;
strings

Synopsis
Place: Simone's residence in Florence
Time: 16th-century

Simone, a Florentine merchant, suspects that he is being cuckolded by Prince Guido whom he discovers at home with his wife Bianca on returning from a business trip. He sells Guido a robe and offers the prince everything that he has in his house; Guido chooses Bianca. Simone takes Bianca to her room and asks her to spin, which she refuses to do. After he leaves, Bianca declares that she hates her husband and wishes him dead. Overhearing this, Simone reflects further on adultery and death. He leaves Guido and Bianca alone together and the two lovers express their devotion. When Guido is about to go home, Simone challenges him to a fight, first with swords, then with daggers, before Simone finally overcomes Guido and strangles him. Bianca, admiring her husband's strength, rushes to embrace him and the two are reconciled as the curtain falls.

Recordings 
[Conductor/Bianca/Guido/Simone]
Friedrich Pleyer/Sigune Von Osten/Werner Götz/Heinz Jürgen Demitz, Fonit Cetra (1980, live at La Fenice)
Gerd Albrecht/Doris Soffel/Kenneth Riegel/Guillermo Sarabia, Schwann (1984)
Riccardo Chailly/Iris Vermillion/Heinz Kruse/Albert Dohmen, Decca (1996)
James Conlon/Deborah Voigt/David Kuebler/Donnie Ray Albert, EMI (1997, live in Cologne)
Armin Jordan/Iris Vermillion/Victor Lutsiuk/Albert Dohmen, Naive (2004)
Vladimir Jurowski/Heike Wessels/Sergey Skorokhodov/Albert Dohmen, LPO (2014)
 Bertrand de Billy/Heidi Brunner/Charles Reid/Wolfgang Koch, Capriccio (2018)

References
Notes

Sources
 Batta, András (2000), Opera – Komponisten, Werke, Interpreten (Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Dutch translation)
 Clayton, Alfred (1992), "Florentinische Tragödie, Eine" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London)

External links

Operas by Alexander Zemlinsky
1917 operas
Operas set in Florence
One-act operas
German-language operas
Operas based on works by Oscar Wilde
Operas
Operas based on plays
Vansittart Bowater

Sir Thomas Vansittart Bowater, 1st Baronet,  (29 October 1862 – 28 March 1938) was a British Conservative Party politician who served as Lord Mayor of London from 1913 to 1914 and as one of the city's Members of Parliament (MPs) from 1924 to 1938.

Career
Bowater was the son of William Vansittart Bowater and his wife, Eliza Jane née Davey. On 8 June 1887, he married Emily Margaret Spencer and they later had six children. From 1905 to 1906, he was a Sheriff of the City of London. In 1906, he was knighted by King Edward VII. Bowater was subsequently elected as Lord Mayor of London in 1913 and on finishing this post a year later, he was created Baronet Bowater, of Hill Crest in the Borough of Croydon. His wife died in 1924 and a year later he married Alice Mary Hoskins. Bowater was later one of two MPs for the City of London from 1924 to 1938. He also held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (DL).

Honours and awards
During his life Bowater received several national and foreign honours:
 Knight Bachelor
 Honorary Colonel of the 10th Royal Fusiliers
 Baronet Bowater, of Hill Crest, Croydon
 Commander of the Order of Leopold of Belgium
 Officer of the Order of the Crown of Belgium
 Commander 1st Class of the Order of Dannebrog of Denmark
 Commander of the Legion of Honour of France
 Grand Commander of the Order of the Redeemer of Greece
 Knight 1st Class of the Order of St. Olaf of Norway

References

External links 
 

1862 births
1938 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Deputy Lieutenants in England
20th-century lord mayors of London
20th-century English politicians
Sheriffs of the City of London
UK MPs 1924–1929
UK MPs 1929–1931
UK MPs 1931–1935
UK MPs 1935–1945
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the City of London
People from Cheetham Hill
Charleville railway station

Charleville railway station is a station on the Cork to Dublin Railway line in Ireland.

It is located a mile outside the town of Charleville, mostly in North County Cork, Ireland though the border with County Limerick, Ireland crosses the track alignment diagonally, towards the northern end of the platforms. It is a small station with three through platforms, though the third is rarely used.

Although there was a commuter service to Charleville for numerous years, it was discontinued in 2004 due to low take-up.

In December 2005, services were further reduced to the station. In particular, the 21:00 services from Heuston to Cork no longer stop there.

The station opened on 19 March 1849 and was closed for goods traffic on 6 September 1976.

Until March 1967 Charleville was also the junction for the Cork Direct Line, the shorter route between Limerick and Cork which left the[Limerick to Foynes line at Patrickswell.

References

External links
Irish Rail Charleville station website

Iarnród Éireann stations in County Cork
Railway stations in County Cork
1849 establishments in Ireland
Railway stations in the Republic of Ireland opened in 1849
Blikanasaurus

Blikanasaurus is a genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur from the late Triassic of  South Africa. The generic name Blikanasaurus is derived from Greek, meaning "lizard from Blikana". The species name cromptoni is taken from the surname of  A.W. “Fuzz” Crompton, an American paleontologist who led numerous field expeditions in Elliot Formation outcrop localities in South Africa. Blikanasaurus is only known from partial hindlimb bones that were recovered from the lower Elliot Formation (LEF) in the Eastern Cape.

History of discovery

Blikanasaurus was first discovered by a partial hindlimb (epipodium and pes) found in the lower Elliot Formation (LEF) at the foot of Blikana mountain in Herschel, Eastern Cape of South Africa in . In the early 2000s, a second specimen - consisting of only a right metatarsal - was recovered from lower Elliot Formation deposits on the farm, Damplaats, in Ladybrand of the eastern Free State. A possible ilium that has been attributed to Blikanasaurus was found recently, although its attribution to Blikanasaurus remains to be confirmed.

Description

As the two known Blikanasaurus specimens are extremely incomplete, very little is understood of this sauropodomorph taxon. The only information that has been deduced is from the bones of its hindlimb anatomy, which are heavily built. This suggests that Blikanasaurus was thickly set and robust.

Classification
Due to its robust build, Blikanasaurus is hypothesized to have been an obligate quadruped, unlike what is characteristic of more basal sauropodomorphs. Due to this feature, Blikanasaurus was thought initially to be a basal sauropod. Blikanasaurus is now considered to be a basal sauropodomorph; however, due to the lack of complete specimens, little remains known about this enigmatic taxon. Some paleontologists claimed a case to group Blikanasaurus within the family Blikanasauridae, a family named by Galton and van Heerden in 1985, however, this family has not been formally accepted due to it lacking definitive taxa. The cladogram below displays the currently accepted systematics between Blikanasaurus and other sauropodomorphs.

References

Sauropods
Norian life
Rhaetian life
Late Triassic dinosaurs of Africa
Triassic South Africa
Fossils of South Africa
Fossil taxa described in 1985
National Corndog Day

National Corndog Day is a celebration concerning basketball, the corn dog (A corn dog is usually a hot dog sausage coated in a thick layer of cornmeal batter), Tater Tots, and American beer that occurs in March of every year on the first Saturday of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.

History 

National Corndog Day was inaugurated in 1992 in Corvallis, Oregon by Brady Sahnow and Henry Otley.  The first celebration was informal and involved only corndogs and basketball.  In subsequent years, National Corndog day was expanded to include tater tots and beer and gradually spread to other cities.  The celebration currently is sponsored by Foster Farms, a Livingston, California-based poultry producer, PBR, a US Midwest-based beer company, and Jones Soda.  Operations for National Corndog Day currently are governed by a board of directors consisting of event hosts (or "city captains") based in various cities in the United States.

By 2007, parties celebrating National Corndog Day occurred at 113 locations in more than 30 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and Australia. In 2008 participation increased to nearly 5, 000 parties on five continents, including one at McMurdo Station in Antarctica. In 2009 participation fell back to the trend line from the 2008 peak, with nearly 400 on March 21, 2009. National Corndog Day 2009 took place on Saturday, March 21st, 2009. That same year, musical artist and contest winner, Ben Brennan, wrote and performed the National Corndog Day theme song.  

On March 16, 2012, Oregon Governor John A. Kitzhaber issued a Proclamation declaring March 17, 2012 to be National Corndog Day.

See also 
Corn dog
Hot dog
 List of food days

Notes

References
 Mary Ann Albright, "Corndog Buffs Have Their Day," Corvallis Gazette-Times (Corvallis, Oregon), March 16, 2007, Top Story, Pg. 1.
 Ricardo Baca, "Why I adore the lowly corn dog", Denver Post (Denver, CO), March 15, 2006, Sec. Food and Dining, . 
 Staff, "Don't wait for the state fair to come back; make your own corn dogs", Anchorage Daily News, October 1, 2003, Sec. Life, Pg. D2.
 Su-Jin Yim, "Every Corndog Has Its (URP) Day", The Oregonian (Portland, OR), March 16, 2002, Sec. Living, Pg. CO1.
 In Tidbits, The Gothamist, March 17, 2006 .

External links 
Official National Corndog Day Website
WGN Radio coverage of the 15th annual National Corndog Day celebration

Hot dogs
Unofficial observances
Recurring events established in 1992
March observances
Observances about food and drink
Borogovia

Borogovia is a troodontid theropod dinosaur genus which lived during the Late Cretaceous Period, in what is now Mongolia.  

In 1971, a Polish-Mongolian expedition discovered the remains of a small theropod at the Altan Ula IV site, in the Nemegt Basin of Ömnögovĭ province. In 1982, upon describing Hulsanpes perlei, the find was reported by Halszka Osmólska and considered by her to be a possible specimen of Saurornithoides. Later she concluded that it represented a species new to science.

In 1987, Osmólska named and described the type species Borogovia gracilicrus. The generic name is derived from the fantasy avian creatures known as 'borogoves' in the Lewis Carroll poem "Jabberwocky", in Through the Looking-Glass. The specific name is a combination of Latin gracilis, "lightly built", and crus, "shin", in reference to the elegant build of the lower leg.

The holotype specimen, ZPAL MgD-I/174, was found in the Nemegt Formation, dating from the early Maastrichtian. It consists of two lower legs of a single individual, including fragments of both tibiotarsi, the undersides of both metatarsi and the second, third and fourth toes of each foot.

The tibiotarsi have an estimated length of twenty-eight centimetres. Borogovia is about two meters (6 feet) long, weighing some twenty kilograms (forty-five pounds). The tibiotarsus is very elongated. The third toe is narrow. The second phalanx of the second toe is short. The claw of the second toe is short and relatively flat. Osmólska claimed that the second toe could not be hyperextended, and suggested that it had regained a weight-bearing function, compensating for the weakness of the third toe. In 2021, Andrea Cau and Daniel Madzia have called this the "falchiporan condition".

Borogovia was assigned by Osmólska to the Troodontidae in 1987.

See also

 Timeline of troodontid research

References

Troodontids
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
Fossil taxa described in 1987
Taxa named by Halszka Osmólska
Nemegt fauna
Peace Magazine

Peace Magazine is a Canadian magazine on disarmament and peacebuilding issues, published by Canadian Disarmanent Information Service (CANDIS).

History and profile
Peace Magazine was launched in 1985 as a continuation of an earlier CANDIS publication, The Peace Calendar, which appeared monthly between February 1983 and January 1985. Originally a simple listings sheet for Toronto-area peace events, The Peace Calendar had expanded into a 12-page tabloid with articles and analysis in addition to Canada-wide listings in the period immediately before the Peace Magazine launch.

The magazine published monthly from March to December 1985; bimonthly from January–February 1986 to May–June 1999; and quarterly since July–September 1999. There has been formal and informal cooperation with other Canadian and international peace organizations throughout the magazine's history; from 1993 to 2006 the magazine included a section produced in collaboration with Science for Peace.

Peace Magazine was one of the first Canadian magazines to be produced with desktop publishing software. Its website has been online since 1997, includes a full set of archives from 1983 to the end of the preceding calendar year.

The magazine has had a strong editorial emphasis on democracy, human rights, and the technical aspects of disarmament. Its writers are roughly equally distributed between activists and academics, with considerable overlap between these two spheres. The editor is retired sociologist and peace activist Metta Spencer.

References

External links
 Peace Magazine homepage

Anti-war works
Political magazines published in Canada
Magazines established in 1985
Pacifism in Canada
1985 establishments in Ontario
Magazines published in Toronto
Slow Life (disambiguation)

Slow Life may refer to:

In culture:
Slow Living, living in a more balanced, meaningful, and life-affirming way 
Slow movement (culture), a global cultural movement that emphasizes a thoughtful, slower pace in a variety of social areas

In music:
"Slow Life", a 2004 EP by Super Furry Animals
"Slow Life", a song by Grizzly Bear (band)
"Slow Life", a song by Jolin Tsai from Butterfly

In writing:
"Slow Life" (novelette), a science fiction story by Michael Stanwick
Fencing at the 1948 Summer Olympics

At the 1948 Summer Olympics, seven fencing events were contested, six for men and one for women.

Medal summary

Men's events

Women's events

Medal table

Participating nations
A total of 294 fencers (255 men and 39 women) from 30 nations competed at the London Games:

References

 
1948 Summer Olympics events
1948
1948 in fencing
International fencing competitions hosted by the United Kingdom
Veritas Christian Academy

Veritas Christian Academy is a private, Christian school in Fletcher, North Carolina. All grades Pre-K to 12th grade are included on one main campus.

In 2018 the school had 320 students and 33.4 teachers on a full-time-equivalents (FTE) basis; a teacher-student ratio of 9.6. Of these, 290 or 90.6% were white.

References

Christian schools in North Carolina
Classical Christian schools
Nondenominational Christian schools in the United States
Private high schools in North Carolina
Private middle schools in North Carolina
Private elementary schools in North Carolina
Schools in Henderson County, North Carolina
Brachypodosaurus

Brachypodosaurus (meaning "short-footed lizard") is a dubious genus of dinosaur, possibly an ornithischian, from the Late Cretaceous Lameta Formation (Maastrichtian) in India.

The only remains discovered so far for this animal consist of a single fossil bone, excavated at the Chota Simla Hill near Jabalpur. In 1934, geologist Dhirendra Kishore Chakravarti, of the Geological Museum of the Banaras Hindu University, considered it a humerus, of a stegosaurian. He named it as the type species Brachypodosaurus gravis. The generic name is derived from Greek βραχύς, brachys, "short", and πούς, pous, "foot". The specific name gravis means "heavy" in Latin. Chakravarti hereby became the first local scientist to name a dinosaur.

The holotype is IM V9. The bone is over a foot long. Chakravarti based his identification of the element as a humerus on the presence of a large crest on the shaft, which he took for the deltopectoral crest. The status as a (dinosaurian) humerus is problematic. The bone is flat, has a crest on the other side of the shaft also, is not twisted around its longitudinal axis, is strongly constricted above and below the crests and lacks a clear caput or condyles. In any case, it lacks stegosaurian synapomorphies. On the assumption it might at least be some member of the Thyreophora, it has been considered a possible ankylosaurian, the ankylosaurs being a sister group of the Stegosauria that survived into the Late Cretaceous. Even then, however, it was considered a nomen dubium as so few remains of the animal have been found. In 2004, Matthew Lamanna e.a. considered it unlikely that any Ornithischia were present in the Maastrichtian of India. The other Late Cretaceous genus from India originally described as a stegosaur, Dravidosaurus, is also of dubious validity, potentially based on plesiosaurian remains.

References 

Thyreophorans
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs
Dinosaurs of India and Madagascar
Maastrichtian life
Fossils of India
Fossil taxa described in 1934
Nomina dubia
Bradycneme

Bradycneme (meaning "ponderous leg") is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Maastrichtian-age Upper Cretaceous Sânpetru Formation of the Hațeg Basin, Transylvania, Romania. The genus contains a single species, Bradycneme draculae, known only from a partial right lower leg (specimen BMNH A1588), which its original describers believed came from a giant owl.

History
In 1975, Harrison and Walker described two "bradycnemids" from Romania: B. draculae and Heptasteornis andrewsi. These specimens had initially been assigned to the supposed pelecaniform bird Elopteryx nopcsai. The generic name, Bradycneme, comes from the Ancient Greek  (), meaning "slow, ponderous" and  (), meaning "leg", as the holotype, BMNH A1588, a  wide distal tibiotarsus found by Maud Eleanora Seeley, would be very stout if the animal had been an owl, with a body height of about . The specific name, draculae, is derived from Romanian , meaning "the dragon," and refers to Dracula.

Starting with Pierce Brodkorb, the specimens were soon compared to small theropod dinosaurs. Bradycneme, Elopteryx and Heptasteornis have been synonymized, split, and reassessed numerous times since then in part because of the fragmentary nature of the remains; there exist three proximal femora and three distal tibiotarsi, which may belong to one, two, or three species. Usually, at least one of them is considered to be a troodontid.

In the most recent assessments, Bradycneme and Heptasteornis were found to be the same and most likely basal members of the Tetanurae in one study, but Darren Naish did not follow the synonymy and found Heptasteornis to be an alvarezsaurid, while classifying Bradycneme as an indeterminate maniraptoran. In a 2011 classification, Tom Holtz assigned Bradycneme to the Alvarezsauridae along with Heptasteornis.

References

Bibliography 
  (1978): Catalogue of fossil birds, Part 5 (Passeriformes). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 23(3): 139–228.
  (1998): Small theropods from the Late Cretaceous of the Hateg Basin (western Romania) - an unexpected diversity at the top of the food chain. Oryctos 1: 87–104.
  (1975): The Bradycnemidae, a new family of owls from the Upper Cretaceous of Romania. Palaeontology 18(3): 563–570. PDF fulltext
  (1992): The first record of dromaeosaurid dinosaurs (Saurischia, Theropoda) in the Maastrichtian of southern Europe: palaeobiogeographical implications. Bulletin de la Société géologique de la France 163(3): 337–343.
  (2004): Heptasteornis was no ornithomimid, troodontid, dromaeosaurid or owl: the first alvarezsaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Europe. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 7: 385–401.
  (1988): Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. New York, Simon & Schuster. 
  (1991): The dinosaurs of Transylvania. National Geographic Research and Exploration 7(2): 196–215. PDF fulltext

Alvarezsaurids
Maastrichtian genera
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Europe
Cretaceous Romania
Fossils of Romania
Hațeg fauna
Fossil taxa described in 1975
Taxa named by Colin Harrison
Taxa named by Cyril Walker
Godlike (role-playing game)

Godlike: Superhero Roleplaying in a World on Fire, 1936-1946 is an alternate history World War II era superhero role-playing game, created by Dennis Detwiller and Greg Stolze. Godlike was originally produced by Dennis Detwiller and John Scott Tynes of Pagan Publishing (though it was not actually a Pagan publication), and published by Hawthorn Hobgoblynn Press. It is currently published by Arc Dream Publishing. Godlike is the first game released using the One-Roll Engine (O.R.E.) gaming system, a dice pool system where matched die results determine success.

Setting
Godlike is set in an alternate history version of World War II where people known as Talents have developed unexplained powers. Godlike is a gritty superhero roleplaying game, where wearing spandex and other flashy outfits is a sure way to draw a sniper's bullet that most Talents would not survive. The Godlike core book contains a detailed section reviewing key events of World War II with special attention paid to events that differed due to the Talents involved in the war.

System

While it was not called the One-Roll Engine at time of print, Godlike introduces the dice pool rolling system where matching results on dice are formed into sets to help determine the outcome of an action in how successfully and swiftly the action is performed. The name One-Roll comes from the nature that one roll of the dice determines the initiative, success, location and damage of an action.

Also included in the core book are rules for playing Godlike with an OGL d20 System.

Supplements
Supplements for the Godlike system include:
Will To Power
Intelligence Bulletin No. 2
Intelligence Bulletin No. 3
Donar's Hammer
Saipan
Black Devils Brigade
The Courtyard of Hell

See also
Wild Talents

Reviews
Pyramid
Pyramid
InQuest Gamer #81
InQuest Gamer #88, August 2002

References

 Detwiller & Stolze Godlike: Superhero Roleplaying in a World on Fire, 1936-1946 (Hobgoblynn Press, 2001, )
 Detwiller & Stolze Godlike: Superhero Roleplaying in a World on Fire, 1936-1946 (Arc Dream, 2002, )

External links
Official site

Historical role-playing games
Superhero role-playing games
Role-playing games about World War II alternate histories
Role-playing games introduced in 2002
Campaign settings
Aguamania

Aquatica, formerly known as Aguamania, is a  water park located in the city of Maracaibo, Venezuela. It is situated inside a public park of the city known locally as "La Vereda del Lago". It is one of only two water parks in Venezuela and the only water park in the west of the country. There are notable views from the park of the surrounding city.

The park contains various facilities including swimming pools for infants, children, and adults. There are also tents, parasols, eating facilities, and gift shops. The pool contains a series of interactive games centered on the culture of the Caribbean, nine slides for younger children, a collection of small fountains. It has two body-slides and two raft-slides. The Catatumbo is one of the park's major attractions, it is effectively a slow river with a wave system and fountains. There are two passages through the river; one is intended to be relaxing while the other provides a more exciting experience. The main pool is a standard large swimming pool for adult guests, equipped with lifeguards. The mascot of Aguamania resembles an anthropoid fuzzy crocodile of the same height as the average adult human.

References

External links 

 

Amusement parks in Venezuela
Buildings and structures in Maracaibo
Tourist attractions in Zulia
Breviceratops

Breviceratops (meaning "short horned face") is a genus of protoceratopsid dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now the Barun Goyot Formation, Mongolia.

Discovery and naming

The first fossils were discovered during the 1960s by the Polish expedition to the Nemegt Basin of Gobi Desert. The specimens were originally described by Teresa Maryańska and Halszka Osmólska in 1975 and named as a second species of Protoceratops, Protoceratops kozlowskii, the specific name honouring Polish paleontologist Roman Kozłowski.

The holotype, ZPAL MgD-I/117, was found in the Khulsan locality of the Barun Goyot Formation dating from the Late Campanian. It consists of a partial juvenile postcranial skeleton with skull. Other specimens were referred from the Hermiin Tsav and Khulsan localities: MgD-I/116, a skull and lower jaws of a small juvenile; MgD-I/118, fragmentary postcrania and lower jaws of a juvenile; MgD-I/119, a dentary and three neural arches; MgD-I/20, two dentaries and loose teeth; MgD-I/21, a maxilla fragment with four teeth of a juvenile; and MgD-I/22, teeth.

They were then renamed as a separate genus, Breviceratops, by Sergei Mikhailovich Kurzanov in 1990, the generic name combining the Latin brevis (meaning short), with a reference to the Ceratopsia. Kurzanov also referred an additional number of fossils from Hermiin Tsav, which is the type locality of Bagaceratops, a coeval protoceratopsid. The Hermiin Tsav material has been noted as closely resembling Bagaceratops, which has led to the proposal that Breviceratops is a juvenile stage and synonym of this protoceratopsid. However, the holotype from Khulsan has primitive premaxillary teeth, a feature inconsistent with the derived morphology of Bagaceratops. Most of these referred specimens have been re-identified as belonging to Bagaceratops, and Breviceratops is now restricted to the holotype, ZPAL MgD-I/116.

Description

Breviceratops had a skull combining primitive and derived traits, such as premaxillary teeth (also shared with Protoceratops andrewsi) and an antorbital fenestra (also shared with Bagaceratops), which is an opening of the  located in front of the eye socket. This fenestra was distinct from Bagaceratops in that it was narrow to straight-shaped. The skull of Breviceratops ended in a moderatively pronounced neck frill formed by the  and , a common trait among protoceratopsids and overall ceratopsians.

Classification

Breviceratops belonged to the Ceratopsia, a group of herbivorous dinosaurs with parrot-like beaks which thrived in North America and Asia during the Cretaceous period. It has been assigned to the Protoceratopsidae in 2019 by Łukasz Czepiński, were Bagaceratops and Protoceratops appear to be close relatives. Below are the proposed relationships among Protoceratopsidae by Czepiński:

See also
 Timeline of ceratopsian research

References

External links

 
 

Ceratopsians
Ornithischian genera
Campanian genera
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
Fossil taxa described in 1990
Taxa named by Sergei Kurzanov
Controversial dinosaur taxa
Ceratopsians of Asia
Late Cretaceous ceratopsians
Goochland, Virginia

Goochland is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Goochland County, Virginia, United States. The population as of the 2010 census was 861. The community is also known as Goochland Courthouse or by an alternative spelling, Goochland Court House. It derives its name from the fact that the community is the location of the county's court house, while the county in turn is named for Sir William Gooch, 1st Baronet, the royal lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1727 to 1749.

Geography
Goochland is located just south of the center of Goochland County and just north of the James River. U.S. Route 522 passes through the center of the community, leading north  to Mineral and south  to its southern terminus at U.S. Route 60 near Powhatan. Virginia Route 6 follows US 522 through the center of Goochland, but leads east  to Richmond and west  to Columbia. Interstate 64 passes  to the northeast of Goochland, with access from Exit 159 at Gum Spring (US 522) and from Exit 167 at Oilville.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Goochland CDP has a total area of , of which  are land and , or 1.18%, are water.

Notable people
 Carl Gordon (1932–2010), actor best known for appearing on the Fox TV series Roc.
 John Hicks, catcher for MLB's Texas Rangers.
 Justin Verlander, Cy Young winning pitcher for MLB's Detroit Tigers and MLB's Houston Astros.

In popular culture
A fictionalized, larger version of Goochland is depicted in the "Escape from Goochland" episode of The Cleveland Show, as the home of Stoolbend's arch-rival high school.

Goochland is featured in Season 7 Episode 15 of the X-Files, in which the child of a local Christian family is miraculously cured of cancer.

Goochland is shown on a t-shirt worn by country musician Oliver Anthony in his video “Rich Men North of Richmond”.

See also

 List of census-designated places in Virginia

References

External links

Census-designated places in Goochland County, Virginia
County seats in Virginia
Census-designated places in Virginia
Populated places on the James River (Virginia)
Calamosaurus

Calamosaurus (meaning "reed lizard") was a genus of small theropod dinosaur from the Barremian-age Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, England. It is based on two cervical vertebrae (BMNH R901), collected by Reverend William Fox.

History and taxonomy
 
Richard Lydekker came across these bones when cataloguing the Fox collection and named them Calamospondylus foxi, noting their similarity to those of Coelurus. Unfortunately, Calamospondylus had already been coined in 1866 (ironically by Reverend Fox himself, the very man honored in Lydekker's species name). Lydekker renamed it in 1891 to its present title. He also at this time provisionally referred to it the right tibia NHMUK R.186, which was discovered by William D. Fox in 1865 or 1866 and was identified by Naish et al. (2001) as belonging to a basal coelurosaurian like a compsognathid, and has recently been referred to Ornithomimosauria by Allain et al. (2014). NHMUK R.186 has since been moved to Calamospondylus.

Because of its sparse remains, it has received little attention. Often, it has been synonymized with Calamospondylus as part of a long, confusing taxonomic tangle, although there is no comparable material between the two genera. Modern reviews have regarded it as a dubious theropod, although potentially a valid coelurosaurian.

In 2002 Paul Turner found a dorsal vertebra near Grange Chine on the Isle of Wight. An associated partial tibia and metatarsal fragment were subsequently discovered by Oliver Mattsson and referred to Calamosaurus. Another specimen referred to Calamosaurus was collected by local fossil hunter Kai Bailey in 2014. Both specimens are on display at the Dinosaur Expeditions, Conservation and Palaeoart Centre near Brighstone, Isle of Wight.

A neck vertebra of a Calamosaurus was found near Chilton Chine on the Isle of Wight by local fossil hunter Dave Badman. The newly discovered vertebra has gone on display at the Dinosaur Isle Museum in Sandown, Isle of Wight.

Specimen NHMUK R.186 
NHMUK R.186 was discovered by William D. Fox in 1865 or 1866 and was first assigned to Hypsilophodon foxii by Lydekker (1888). Lydekker (1891) moved NHMUK R.186 to Aristosuchus pusillis, and Galton (1973) agreed with this classification. Welles & Long (1974) referred it to the Ornithomimidae, while Norman (1990), Kirkland et al. (1998) and Long and Molnar (1998) referred NHMUK R.186 to Coelurosauria. Galton and Molnar (2005) noted the similarities of NHMUK R.186 to the holotype of Coelurus fragilis, and Allain et al. (2014) agreed with the palcement of NHMUK R.186 within Coelurosauria.

Naish et al. (2001) tentatively referred the tibia to Calamosaurus foxi, and NHMUK R.186 has since been moved to Calamospondylus oweni.

Paleobiology
As a possible basal coelurosaur, Calamosaurus would have been a small, agile, bipedal carnivore. Naish et al. (2001) estimate the living animal would have been around  long, with a small head given the build of the neck vertebrae.

References

Prehistoric coelurosaurs
Barremian life
Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Europe
Cretaceous England
Fossils of England
Fossil taxa described in 1891
Taxa named by Richard Lydekker
Camelotia

Camelotia (meaning "from Camelot") is a genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Late Triassic or Early Jurassic in what is now England. Paleontologists are divided on which family it may belong to; in the past, Camelotia has generally been assigned to the prosauropods, but this group of primitive dinosaurs is in constant flux. The genus is now considered a member of the family Melanorosauridae, which includes the first true giant herbivorous dinosaurs.

Discovery and species
The type specimens, syntypes SAM 3449 and SAM 3450, were described and named in  1985  by Galton. They were collected from the Triassic-Jurassic Westbury Formation, dating to the latest Rhaetian-Lowermost Hettangian. The fossils includes the specimens "BMNH R2870-R2874", "R2876-R2878" (holotype), with vertebrae, ribs, and parts of the pubis, ischium and hind limb. The type species, C. borealis, was first described by Galton in 1985. Dinosaurs formerly known as Avalonianus and Gresslyosaurus turned out to be Camelotia.

Description
From the fragmentary remains of Camelotia, part of the skeleton can be reconstructed. Camelotia likely had a short neck supporting a fairly large skull with small eyes. Its jaws contained many small-to-medium-sized, serrated, leaf-shaped teeth. Its hands and feet had five digits each; the hands in particular were long and narrow, and bore a large claw. The forelimbs were longer than the hindlimbs, in contrast to the more derived sauropods. It has been calculated around  long and to have weighed up to .

References

External links 
 Archives of the dinosaur mailing list 

Melanorosauridae
Rhaetian life
Late Triassic dinosaurs of Europe
Early Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe
Jurassic England
Fossils of England
Fossil taxa described in 1985
Taxa named by Peter Galton
Campylodoniscus

Campylodoniscus is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now Argentina.

The type species was first named and described by Friedrich von Huene in 1929 as Campylodon ameghinoi, the genus name meaning 'bent tooth', from Greek καμπυλος, 'bent' or 'curved' (as of a bow) and ὀδών meaning 'tooth'. The specific name honours Florentino Ameghino. In 1961 H. Haubold and O. Kuhn noted that the name was pre-occupied by a fish and renamed the genus into Campylodoniscus, the diminutive.

The fossil remains of Campylodoniscus were found in the Bajo Barreal Formation and consist of a single jaw bone, the maxilla, holding seven teeth.

Campylodoniscus dates to the Cenomanian (95 Ma). It is sometimes estimated as being around twenty meters in length.

Campylodoniscus is probably a member of the Titanosauria. Some researchers consider it a nomen dubium.

Notes

External links
  Campylodoniscus Site

Sauropods
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America
Nomina dubia
Cretaceous Argentina
Fossil taxa described in 1961
Charles Leiper Grigg

Charles Leiper Grigg (May 11, 1868 – April 16, 1940) was the inventor of 7 Up, originally known as Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda. He invented the drink in October 1929. Grigg  became acquainted with the carbonated beverage business after moving to St. Louis, Missouri. Prior to inventing 7 Up, Grigg had created an orange soft drink named "Whistle" for the Vess Soda Company. It is still made and sold in St. Louis.

History 
Charles Leiper Grigg was born in 1868 in Prices Branch, Missouri to Charles L. S. Grigg (1822–1883) and Mary Elizabeth Leiper Grigg (1839–1890). At the age of 22, Grigg moved to St. Louis and began working in the advertising field in which he was introduced to the carbonated beverage business through the various agencies he was partnered.

By 1919, Charles Leiper Grigg was working as a salesman for a manufacturing company owned by Vess Jonea. It was there that Grigg invented and marketed his first soft drink called "Whistle". The success of the drink led to his promotion to the position of sales and marketing manager, however, eventually he and Voss came to loggerheads and Grigg left the company, leaving Whistle behind. He eventually settled at the Warner Jenkinson Company developing flavoring agents for soft drinks.

It was at this time that Grigg invented then his second soft drink, an orange-flavored beverage with 14% sugar named "Howdy". He partnered with financier Edmund G. Ridgway and lawyer Frank Gladney and formed the Howdy Company. Based on the quality of the product and supported by Ridgway's financing, the company grew quickly, adding bottling companies anxious to sell the drink.

Personal life
Grigg was married to Lucy E. Alexander Grigg. Lucy and Charles had several children.  He died on April 16, 1940, in St. Louis.

References

1868 births
1940 deaths
20th-century American inventors
Drink company founders
Keurig Dr Pepper people
People from St. Louis
The Zombies (album)

The Zombies is the debut American studio album by English pop rock band the Zombies, released in January 1965 by Parrot Records. After the success of the double-sided hit single "She's Not There" b/w "You Make Me Feel Good" reached #2 on the U.S. charts in the fall of 1964, Parrot quickly released this LP in 1965 (PA 61001). The dozen tracks were taken from material the Zombies cut for their UK debut album, Begin Here. Also included are "It's Alright With Me" and "Sometimes" from their self-titled EP. The album also included their 2nd hit single "Tell Her No".

Reception
In his retrospective review of the release, critic Lindsay Planer for AllMusic wrote "The Zombies' obvious appreciation for adeptly crafted melodies and rich vocal harmonies likewise made them favorites of pop fans as well as more discerning listeners."

Track listing

Personnel
The Zombies
Colin Blunstone - lead vocals and backing vocals, tambourine
Chris White - bass and backing vocals
Paul Atkinson - electric guitar
Rod Argent - lead vocals and backing vocals, electric piano and organ
Hugh Grundy - drums

References

Zombies, The
Zombies, The
Parrot Records albums
Esteban Sánchez

Esteban Sánchez Herrero (26 April 1934 – 3 February 1997) was a Spanish pianist. Born in the town of Orellana la Vieja in Badajoz in the province of Extremadura, Sánchez studied with his grandfather, Joaquin Sánchez Ruiz, choirmaster in the cathedral. He went to the Real Conservatorio (Royal Conservatory) in Madrid and studied piano with Julia Parody. He perfected his technique under Carlo Zecchi in Rome and Alfred Cortot in Paris. Sánchez won numerous major international awards, including the Ferruccio Busoni in Bolzano, the Alfredo Casella in Naples, and the Dinu Lipatti Medal from the Harriet Cohen Foundation. In 1954, at the age of 20, he released "Impressions of Spain" by Joaquin Turina on Capitol Records. He returned home in 1978 to teach at the Badajoz Conservatoire.

Between 1968 and 1974 he made a series of recordings in Barcelona, with producer Antonio Armet, of Beethoven, Fauré, Albéniz, and Turina. In 1976 he recorded an album of solo piano music by Manuel de Falla at Abbey Road Studios in London. These recordings have been issued on CD by the Spanish label Ensayo, and the complete Albéniz recordings have been reissued in a budget box set by Brilliant Classics. The recording of Albéniz's Iberia has been critically acclaimed and has been favorably compared to the recordings of Alicia de Larrocha by professional reviewers. 

Sánchez remains little known outside Spain, but Cortot called him "a musical genius," and Daniel Barenboim asked "How is this possible? How can Spain have hidden away a performer of this class?"

Sources 
 Spanish Wikipedia
 Enrique Franco, "Esteban Sánchez: like a flame," liner notes, Albéniz recordings, Brilliant Classics
 ClassicsToday.com

References 

1934 births
1997 deaths
Spanish classical pianists
Male classical pianists
People from Badajoz
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century Spanish musicians
20th-century Spanish male musicians
Carole Pateman

Carole Pateman FBA FAcSS FLSW (born 11 December 1940) is a feminist and political theorist. She is known as a critic of liberal democracy and has been a member of the British Academy since 2007.

Biography 

Pateman was born in Maresfield, Sussex, England. Educated at Lewes County Grammar School for Girls, she left at age 16. She entered Ruskin College, Oxford in 1963 studying economics, politics, history and sociology, achieving a distinction. She won a place at Lady Margaret Hall to read PPE, staying on to earn a DPhil. 

In 1972, she became lecturer in political theory at the University of Sydney. Since 1990, Professor Pateman has taught in the Department of Political Science at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), where she is now Distinguished Professor Emeritus. Professor Pateman served as (the first woman) President of the International Political Science Association (1991–1994). In 2007, she was named a Fellow of the British Academy. She served as president of the American Political Science Association in 2010–2011.  She is also an Honorary Professor for the Cardiff University School of European Studies.

She gave the Faculty Research Lecture at UCLA in 2001, and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the British Academy and the UK Academy of Social Sciences. She holds honorary degrees from the Australian National University, the National University of Ireland, and Helsinki University.

Awards 
Pateman was a Guggenheim Fellow 1993–1994.

Since 1994 Pateman has been a Member of the International Advisory Board of the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences.

In 2012 she was awarded the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science.

In 2013, she earned the Special Recognition Award by the UK Political Studies Association.

In April 2015, she was elected as a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales.

The Australian Political Science Association (APSA) awards the Carole Pateman prize biennially for the best book published on the topic of gender and politics.

Bibliography

Books
 
 
 
 Pateman, Carole (1988). The Sexual Contract. Cambridge: Polity in association with Blackwell.

Edited books
 
 
 
 
  Original printed in 1986.

Chapters in books

Journal articles

Videos
 The Equivalent of the Right to Land, Life, and Liberty? Democracy and the Idea of a Basic Income (Link)

See also
 Feminism in the United Kingdom
 Universal basic income in the United Kingdom

References

Further reading

External links
 
 Carole Pateman Papers - Pembroke Center Archives, Brown University

1940 births
British feminists
British political philosophers
Living people
Fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences
Fellows of the British Academy
Presidents of the International Political Science Association
Universal basic income in the United Kingdom
Fellows of the Learned Society of Wales
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Teinurosaurus

Teinurosaurus (meaning "extended tail lizard") is a genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur. Teinurosaurus lived during the Late Jurassic in what is now France. The type species is Teinurosaurus sauvagei. It's been estimated to be 11.4 m (37.4 ft) in length and 3.6 tonnes (~4 short tons) in weight.

Discovery and taxonomy
The holotype was discovered in 1897. Also in 1897, French paleontologist Henri-Émile Sauvage referred a tail vertebra from the Tithonian Mont-Lambert Formation of France, catalogued in the collection of the Musée Géologique du Boulonnais at Boulogne-sur-Mer in France, to Iguanodon prestwichii (now Cumnoria prestwichii), a herbivorous iguanodont.

In 1928 Baron Franz Nopcsa recognised the fossil to be the vertebra of a theropod not an ornithopod. He decided to name it as the genus Teinurosaurus. The name is derived from Greek teinein, "to stretch", and oura, "tail", referring to the elongated form. However, by a mistake of the printer, the footnote in which the new name was mentioned was not placed at the end of the section referring to the fossil but adjacent to a citation of Saurornithoides Osborn 1924, giving the false impression Nopcsa intended to rename the latter genus. After having discovered the typographical error, Nopcsa in 1929 added an addendum to the article, correcting the mistake.

In 1932 German paleontologist Friedrich von Huene again named the fossil, giving it the species name Caudocoelus sauvagei. "Caudocoelus" means "hollow tail" in Latin. The specific epithet honours Sauvage. The name Teinurosaurus was largely forgotten or not even understood to be a synonym of Caudocoelus, until in 1969 John Ostrom revealed its priority. Ostrom also pointed out that Nopcsa had not provided a specific name. In 1978 George Olshevsky was the first to combine the two names, making Teinurosaurus sauvagei (von Huene 1932) Olshevsky 1978 vide Nopcsa 1928 emend. 1929 a valid species name.

The holotype (originally catalogued MGB 500 now BHN2R 240) is a distal caudal vertebra, 152 millimetres long. A number of authors (e.g. Lapparent 1967; Galton 1982) believed that the holotype was destroyed in World War II, but the specimen is still extant, as noted by Buffetaut et al. (1991).

Teinurosaurus was considered by von Huene to be a member Coeluridae, but is now generally seen as a nomen dubium at Averostra incertae sedis.

References

Prehistoric theropods
Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe
Fossils of France
Fossil taxa described in 1928
Taxa named by Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás
Nomina dubia