alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Data transfer object

In the field of programming a data transfer object (DTO) is an object that carries data between processes. The motivation for its use is that communication between processes is usually done resorting to remote interfaces (e.g., web services), where each call is an expensive operation. Because the majority of the cost of each call is related to the round-trip time between the client and the server, one way of reducing the number of calls is to use an object (the DTO) that aggregates the data that would have been transferred by the several calls, but that is served by one call only.

The difference between data transfer objects and business objects or data access objects is that a DTO does not have any behavior except for storage, retrieval, serialization and deserialization of its own data (mutators, accessors, serializers and parsers). In other words, 
DTOs are simple objects that should not contain any business logic but may contain serialization and deserialization mechanisms for transferring data over the wire.

This pattern is often incorrectly used outside of remote interfaces. This has triggered a response from its author where he reiterates that the whole purpose of DTOs is to shift data in expensive remote calls.

Terminology
A "Value Object" is not a DTO.  The two terms have been conflated by Sun/Java community in the past.

References

External links
Summary from Fowler's book
Data Transfer Object - Microsoft MSDN Library
GeDA - generic dto assembler is an open source Java framework for enterprise level solutions
Local DTO

Architectural pattern (computer science)
Concurrent computing
Software design patterns
5-in-1 ration

The 5-in-1 ration was a United States military ration issued from 1942 to the end of World War II. As its name implies, the 5-in-1 provided the needs of five soldiers in a single ration package. Procurement ended with the war, though remaining stocks were issued to troops after the war, as well as distributed as surplus in civilian feeding programs overseas. The 5-in-1 specification remained in effect after the war, and was again used in 1948 for a new field ration.

Development, adoption, and use
The 5-in-1 was developed in 1942 by the Subsistence Research Laboratory (SRL) of the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps to fulfill a need for a pre-packaged field ration for use by small motorized combat groups. The 5-in-1 allowed small groups of soldiers or large groups divided into multiple units to cook meals without the need of complex kitchen utensils or cooking skill.  Another objective was to furnish sufficient food to take care of five men for one day. The U.S. Quartermaster Corps' Subsistence Branch originally planned for the rations to be used by troops without immediate kitchen facilities, such as trains without kitchen cars, motorized infantry, armored vehicle crews, or gun crews.

Unlike the Mountain ration or Jungle ration, the 5-in-1 was a ration developed solely by the SRL. The 5-in-1's components were packed as a group, with noncanned components placed in a separate carton overpacked in a larger carton with the canned products. Menus were enclosed in the carton as a guide in the selection of meals.

By mid-1943, the ration was the most successful field ration in use in North Africa. In that same year, the 10-in-1 ration was developed to replace it, as it offered a wider menu and greater flexibility in small unit issue. Extensive procurement of the 5-in-1 ended the same year. However, use of 5-in-1 stocks continued throughout the war, and the ration was still in distribution when hostilities ended.

Though procurement of the 5-in-1 had ended with the war, the specification remained in effect and later became the basis for a postwar revision in 1948, under which the 5-in-1 nomenclature was reestablished.

Contents
The 5-in-1 ration contained:
 Beverages
 Butter spread
 10 varieties of canned meat combinations
 Canned bread or type V biscuits
 Can openers
 Cellulose tape
 Cereal
 Cheese spread
 Dehydrated soups
 5 varieties of jam
 Evaporated milk
 Fruit
 Fruit juice
 Hard candy
 Paper towels
 3 varieties of pudding
 Soap
 Sponge
 Sugar
 Toilet paper
 6 varieties of vegetables
 Water-purification tablets

See also
 10-in-1 ration
 K ration
 C-ration
 D ration
 B-ration
 Jungle ration
 Mountain ration

Notes

External links
 Olive-Drab:Field rations
 Army Rations: Historical background

Military food of the United States
Leslie Shemilt

Leslie Webster Shemilt,  (25 December 1919 - 20 December 2011 ) was a Canadian chemical engineer and professor.

Born in Souris, Manitoba, he received a B.A.Sc. degree in 1941 from the University of Toronto and a M.Sc. degree in 1946 from the University of Manitoba. He received a Ph.D. degree in Physical Chemistry from the University of Toronto in 1947.

In 1947, he joined the University of British Columbia as an Assistant Professor. He was appointed an Associate Professor in 1949 and a Professor in 1957. From 1959 to 1960, he was the Shell Visiting Professor at the University College London. Returning to Canada in 1960, he joined the University of New Brunswick as a Professor and Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering. From 1969 to 1979, he was the Dean of Engineering at McMaster University.

From 1967 to 1985, he was the editor of the Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering.

Honours
In 1991, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "for the quality of his research in chemical engineering, his excellence as a teacher and his professional leadership". He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He was awarded the Canadian Centennial Medal, the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal, and the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal.

References
 

1919 births
2011 deaths
Canadian academics in engineering
Canadian university and college faculty deans
Canadian chemical engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellows of the Engineering Institute of Canada
Officers of the Order of Canada
University of Toronto alumni
Academic staff of McMaster University
Academic staff of the University of British Columbia
People from Souris, Manitoba
Canadian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Annai, Guyana

Annai is an Amerindian village in the Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Region of Guyana.

Annai stands at an altitude of 95 metres (314 feet), at the edge of the Rupununi savannah, where the cattle trail to the Atlantic coast begins.  It is nestled in the foothills of the Pakaraima Mountains, and is close to the Rupununi River.  Annai, considered to be the gateway to the Rupununi, is approximately  north of Karanambo and is  by road from the nation's capital, Georgetown.

Much of the population of the area are members of the Macushi people.  Annai is one of the northernmost Macushi Amerindian villages in the North Rupununi Savannahs. It is mainly an agriculture community living on cassava and peanut farming, and cattle ranching. Electricity is provided by solar power. Public services include a nursery, primary, and secondary school as well as a public health centre. Annai's airstrip (NAI) allows light planes to land.

Annai is home to the Rock View Ecotourism Resort, an old ranch built in the 1950s. Rock View is a good base for trips to the Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development.

Kwatamang is a satellite village of Annai that was settled in 1948, and a school was built there in 1990.

References

Indigenous villages in Guyana
Populated places in Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo
Varner Unit

The Varner Unit is a high-security state prison for men of the Arkansas Department of Correction in Varner, Choctaw Township, unincorporated Lincoln County, Arkansas, United States. It is located along U.S. Highway 65, near Grady, and  south of Pine Bluff. The prison can house over 1,600 prisoners, and it includes a 468-bed supermax (Super Maximum Security) facility. The supermax and non-supermax facilities are separate from one another.

The Varner Unit Supermax houses male inmates scheduled for execution in Arkansas, currently performed by lethal injection. The actual executions take place at the nearby Cummins Unit. The female death row is located at the McPherson Unit. Varner is one of the state of Arkansas's "parent units" for male prisoners; it serves as one of several units of initial assignment for processed male prisoners.

History

The Varner Unit was opened in 1987 with 300 beds, and its capacity was soon increased to 700 beds.  Further construction has brought the total capacity to over 1,600 prisoners. The supermax units opened in 2000, and federal grants paid 90% of the construction costs.

At one time the State of Arkansas housed all young male offenders in the state prison system in Varner. While this was the case, Correction Officers and prisoners nicknamed the facility the "Gladiator School."

On Friday August 22, 2003, all 39 Arkansas death row inmates were moved from the Maximum Security Unit to the Supermax at the Varner Unit.

In 2011, a fight among prisoners and correctional officers led to injuries among correctional officers.

During 2004/2005, ADC installed an electric fence between two non-electric fences in the Varner Unit. It received testing in late December 2004 and was activated in January 2005. The system used inmate labor to assist with the construction of the fence.

Composition
The property is in Choctaw Township.

Operations
Varner houses a vegetable processing plant.

The main campus of the Riverside Vocational Technical School is located behind the Varner Unit.

Prisoner life

Education
In 2011, a campus of the Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary was established in the prison.

Notable inmates

Current 

 Zachary Holly: convicted in the murder of Jersey Bridgeman.

Former 
Death row:
 Damien Echols: member of the West Memphis Three (released on August 19, 2011).

Non-death row
 Jessie Misskelley: member of the West Memphis Three (released on August 19, 2011).
 Jason Baldwin : member of the West Memphis Three (released on August 19, 2011).

References

External links

Varner Unit, Arkansas Department of Corrections
 "Varner Unit" entry from the Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture

Prisons in Arkansas
Buildings and structures in Lincoln County, Arkansas
Supermax prisons
Capital punishment in Arkansas
1987 establishments in Arkansas
List of MPs elected in the 1929 United Kingdom general election

This is a list of members of Parliament elected at the 1929 general election, held on 30 May. For a complete list of constituency elections results, see Constituency election results in the 1929 United Kingdom general election.

By-elections
See the list of United Kingdom by-elections.

1929
General election
 List
UK MPs
Change Has Come

Change Has Come is the second EP by the Screaming Trees. It was the only recording the band released through Sub Pop.  After its 1990 release, the Screaming Trees moved on to a major label, Epic Records, for their next three albums - Uncle Anesthesia, Sweet Oblivion, and Dust, as well as the Something About Today EP. The album's cover art was photographed by Charles Peterson.

Drummer Mark Pickerel described the EP as "our best recorded moment"

Track listing

Personnel
Screaming Trees
 Mark Lanegan – lead vocals
 Gary Lee Conner – guitar, trumpet
 Van Conner – bass, backing vocals
 Mark Pickerel – percussion, drums

Additional
 Steve Fisk – producer
 Jack  Endino – producer
 Charles Peterson – photography
 Carol Hibbs – mastering

References

Screaming Trees albums
1990 EPs
Grunge EPs
Sub Pop EPs
Bükkszék

Bükkszék is a small village in the north of Hungary, near the town of Eger. It is located in Pétervására District of Heves County. The village became famous for its Salvus spa water in the middle of the 20th century.

External links
 Official website 
 Aerialphotographs from Bükkszék
 Salvus spa 
 Photos from Bükkszék
 Bükkszék at funiq.hu 

Populated places in Heves County
Spa towns in Hungary
84th Regiment of Foot (disambiguation)

84th Regiment of Foot refers to one of three infantry regiments that served in the British Empire:
 84th Regiment of Foot (1759) (1759–1765), served entirely in India, no successors
 84th Regiment of Foot (Royal Highland Emigrants) (1775–1784), served in the American Revolution
 84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot (1793–1881), served in the Napoleonic Wars and in India, incorporated into York and Lancaster Regiment
Siege of Darkness

Siege of Darkness is a 1994 fantasy novel by American writer R. A. Salvatore. It is the third book in his Legacy of the Drow series.

Plot summary

Siege of Darkness tells the story of how the Time of Troubles, in which all magic is temporarily disrupted and many gods and goddesses are forced to take the forms of their avatars and walk the material plane, affects the drow and Drizzt and company.  The Spider Queen, Lolth, plots to keep Matron Baenre in power and to ultimately take Mithral Hall.  In-house fighting results in the destruction of the 3rd house, House Oblodra, with the exception of their kobold/ goblin army, and the 4th house, House Faen Tlabbar, being left leaderless.  Matron Baenre, along with the favor of Lolth, forms a loose house alliance to attack Mithral Hall.  Realizing that they cannot possibly stop a drow army, the svirfnebli, the deep gnomes, are forced to abandon Blingdenstone.  The battle for Mithral Hall takes place on the surface as well as in the Underdark.  The drow were defeated with a little help from an unlikely source, the balor, Errtu.  Through trickery, all Baenre wizardry and spells are temporarily interrupted and the heroes take advantage of the opening, killing Matron Baenre and defeating the drow offensive.  Lolth's plan all along was to bring about chaos and to rid herself of Matron Baenre.

Reception
Siege of Darkness debuted on The New York Times bestseller list at number 13.

References

1994 American novels
Forgotten Realms novels
Novels by R. A. Salvatore
Taunsa Barrage

Head Taunsa Barrage is a barrage on the River Indus in Taunsa district  of previously Dera Ghazi Khan District, Punjab province of Pakistan. It is  
situated  southeast of Taunsa Sharif and  from district Kot Addu. This barrage controls water flow in the River Indus for irrigation and flood control purposes. Taunsa Barrage was designated a Ramsar site on 22 March 1996.

This barrage serves 2.351 million acres (951,400 hectares) of land besides diverting flows from Indus River to the Chenab River through Taunsa-Panjnad Link Canal (TP Link Canal). The barrage also serves as an arterial road bridge, a railway bridge, and crossing for gas and oil pipelines, telephone line and extra high voltage (EHV) transmission lines.

Background
Taunsa Barrage was completed in 1958. Head Draftsman Syed Tufail Hussain Shah received Silver Medal from President of Pakistan Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan on their commendable services rendered on the completion of Taunsa Barrage on March 3, 1959. The canal system fed by the barrage initially consisted of Muzaffargarh and Dera Ghazi Khan Khan canals. The former was completed in 1960 and is in operation since then, while the latter although opened in 1958 continued to remain under construction in some later years. TP Link canal was added in 1970, as a component work.

Taunsa Barrage has been identified as the barrage with the highest priority for rehabilitation. It requires urgent measures to avoid severe economic and social impacts on the lives of millions of poor farmers through interruption of irrigation on two million acres (8,000 km2) and drinking water in the rural areas of southern Punjab, benefiting several million farmers. Taunsa Barrage is one of the most vulnerable water diversion projects built on Indus River.

In April 2004, the World Bank approved a $123 million loan to Pakistan to rehabilitate the Taunsa Barrage on the River Indus whose structure had been damaged owing to soil erosion and old-age. The project was designed to ensure irrigation of the cultivated lands in the area of the Muzaffargarh and Dera Ghazi Khan Tehsil canals, and through the TP Link Canal that supplements the water supply to Panjnad headworks canals.

In 2011, the rehabilitation of the Taunsa Barrage was blamed for devastation of the Muzaffargarh district during the 2010 Pakistan floods. Critics blamed the rehabilitation of the barrage, alleging that it failed to raise its height and strengthen protective embankments, used dysfunctional computer control system of the hoist gates and ignored hill-torrent management.

See also
 List of barrages and headworks in Pakistan
 List of dams and reservoirs in Pakistan

References 

Irrigation in Pakistan
Locks (water navigation)
Dams in Pakistan
Ramsar sites in Pakistan
Dams completed in 1958
Dams on the Indus River
Maharashtra Association of Resident Doctors

Maharashtra State Association of Resident Doctors (MARD) is an association of resident doctors of all the government and corporation Medical colleges and hospitals of Maharashtra, India. It was formed to address the problems faced by the resident doctors in all the Govt and Municipal Corporation run hospitals across the states by maintaining the Unity among Resident doctors of Maharashtra by standing for each and every problem of resident doctor.

Resident doctors are the one who have completed their MBBS – Junior residents and who have completed their postgraduation – Senior Residents. The major workload and burden of any government run medical college and hospital is shared by Resident Doctors. Resident doctors work day in and out , sacrificing countless hours of sleep for the treatment, cure and help of common people and patients visiting at the hospital. Along with routine outpatient care (OPD), admitted patient care (IPD), academic activities, resident doctors have to study the subject thoroughly in order to provide quality care to the patients. 

As a whole, the life of a resident doctor is pretty busy and lack of proper hostel and food facilities adds up to the physical and mental stress. Despite all these hurdles and obstacles, a resident doctor is cheerful and is ready to cater to patient care 24 X 7 at any point of time . But when the basics rights of a resident doctors are denied and facilities are not provided , a tired Resident doctor seeks the help of MARD. Maharashtra State Association of Resident Doctors is an assembly and representation of resident  doctors to represent their fraternity and provide timely and speeded solutions to their problems . All the MARD of each Govt medical college and hospital work in accordance with a elected representative body called as CENTRAL MARD. The current president of CENTRAL MARD is Dr Abhijit Rajesh Helge, he is pursuing  his MD Dermatology from Grant Govt Medical College and JJ Hospital, Mumbai . He has done his MBBS from All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal.

External links
Mard Strike Photograph
Mard Support Blog
Mard Strike Blog

Medical associations based in India
Florensky

Florensky may refer to:

Florensky (crater), a lunar crater

People with the surname
Pavel Alexandrovich Florensky (1882–1937), Russian Orthodox theologian, philosopher, mathematician and electrical engineer.  
Kirill Pavlovich Florensky (1915–1982), Russian geologist, son of Pavel Florensky.
The Two Swords

The Two Swords is a fantasy novel by American writer  R. A. Salvatore, the third and final book in his series The Hunter's Blades Trilogy. The Two Swords was his 17th work concerning one of the most famous characters Salvatore has created, the drow, or dark elf, Drizzt Do'Urden. It follows The Thousand Orcs and The Lone Drow.

Plot summary
In The Two Swords, Obould's horde has pressed the Companions to the very gates of Mithral Hall, where Bruenor and his clan launch a desperate, last-ditch effort to push the orcs back.  A desperate rescue attempt succeeds, with Drizzt and Innovindil rescuing the latter's pegasus, which Obould had captured and chained as a trophy, and Drizzt is unexpectedly reunited with the Companions that he long thought dead. The only major plot line to be tied up in this novel is the question of what Drizzt will do about his relationship with Catti-brie.

Other than that, The Two Swords resolves a few minor plot threads. Drizzt and the surface elf Innovindil bring their quest for the captured pegasus to a conclusion. A few more characters meet their demise in this novel.  Ultimately, the novel keeps the major plot lines active for future novels, and introduces several more.

Reception
The Two Swords reached No. 5 on The Washington Posts bestseller list for the week ending October 24, 2004. It debuted on The New York Times bestseller list at No. 4 and at No. 1 on The Wall Street Journal Bestseller List in early November.  Patrick Bergeron II from fantasybookspot.com found The Two Swords predictable and expected key sequences such as the character Drizzt "finding out that his friends had not fallen at Shallows". However he still enjoyed the story and characterization.

The Two Swords peaked at #4 on the New York Times Best Seller list in 2004. It reached the top of The Wall Street Journal'''s hardcover bestseller list after only two weeks, a record for its publisher Wizards of the Coast. It also debuted at #4 on The New York Times's bestseller list, and #2 on Publishers Weekly bestseller list.

ReviewChronicle''

References

2004 American novels
Forgotten Realms novels
Novels by R. A. Salvatore
The Spine of the World

The Spine of the World is the second book in R. A. Salvatore's book series, Paths of Darkness.

Publication history
The Spine of the World was written by R. A. Salvatore. It was republished in April 2009 as the twelfth book in the "Legend of Drizzt" series.

Todd Lockwood painted the cover for Spine of the World.

Plot summary
Wulfgar and his new friend, Morik the Rogue, are convicted of the attempted murder of Wulfgar's old companion Captain Deudermont, a crime they did not commit. Morik the Rogue is an unscrupulous human who comes along as a traveling and drinking companion to barbarian hero Wulfgar, and is a close, but not necessarily trusted, friend. Wulfgar's mighty warhammer Aegis Fang is stolen and sold to a notorious pirate. They narrowly avoid the horrors of Luskan's prisoner's carnival, but through the intervention of the victim himself, they are spared. As the book progresses, Wulfgar slowly climbs out of his despair, finally setting out to find the life he thought lost to the darkness. After their eviction from the city, they set out to become bandits on the roads outside the city. They prove to not be very proficient at it, though, and soon become involved in the politics of a backwater town in which the peasant fiancée of the local lord bears an illegitimate child. Wulfgar is blamed, but is helped to escape, and adopts the baby girl as his own.

Reception
The Spine of the World debuted on The New York Times bestseller list at No. 25.

References

1999 American novels
Forgotten Realms novels
Novels by R. A. Salvatore
Kirill Florensky

Kirill Pavlovich Florensky (; 27 December 1915 – 9 April 1982) was a Russian Soviet geochemist and planetologist.  He was head of comparative planetology at the Vernadsky Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.

He was the second son of the Russian polymath, Pavel Florensky.

The crater Florensky on the Moon is named after him.

References

External links
 In Memoriam from the Earth, Moon, and Planets journal.

Soviet astronomers
Soviet geochemists
1915 births
1982 deaths
Loch Goil

Loch Goil; () is a small sea loch forming part of the coast of the Cowal peninsula in Argyll and Bute, Scotland.  The sea loch is entirely within the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park.

It is an arm of Loch Long.  The village of Lochgoilhead stands at its head. Located in the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park, Lochgoilhead sits at the head of Loch Goil, a fjord type sea loch. Only an hour from the Erskine Bridge, Glasgow Airport the M8 and Glasgow. The village is accessed from the Rest & Be Thankful pass by way of a  single-track road. The area is surrounded by hills and mountains, with loch views, and a range of accommodation, leisure activities and entertainment. Carrick Castle lies on the west shore 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Lochgoilhead.

The landscape at Loch Goil shows its remoteness and Highland grandeur with the Arrochar Alps surrounding with conifers in the Highlands of Scotland.

It is used for exercises by Trident submarines from HMNB Clyde at Faslane.

In 2014 Loch Goil was declared a Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area (NCMPA).

Fisheries

Several Scottish Sea Fishing shore records are attributed to the Loch:

References

External links

 Map showing Loch Goyll (Loch Goil), circa 1600, National Library of Scotland
 HMNB Clyde - website

Goil
Goil
Cowal
Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas of Scotland
Servant of the Shard

Servant of the Shard was originally the third book in R.A. Salvatore's Paths of Darkness book series. It was also made the first book of the trilogy The Sellswords. In this novel, Artemis Entreri acquires Charon's Claw.

Plot summary

After regaining his confidence and will to live (lost in Paths of Darkness, when Drizzt Do'Urden seemed to have died without being defeated fairly by Artemis, thus apparently taking from him the ability to prove to himself that he was a better fighter), Artemis Entreri finds himself allied with the mercenary Jarlaxle as the drow's tie to the surface world.  Caught in the plans of Jarlaxle's band, Bregan D'aerthe, Artemis finds himself back in Calimport, the city in which he became known as one of the greatest assassins in Faerûn.  Without many ties to the city after spending his time in captivity to the drow, Entreri must once again make his name known while trying to survive against the guilds of Calimport and Jarlaxle's lieutenants, Berg'inyon Baenre, Raiguy Bondalek, and Kimmuriel Oblodra.  At the same time Jarlaxle succumbs to the mental intrusions of the crystal shard, Crenshinibon, as it pushes Jarlaxle to fulfill his unending ambitions. This is also the third novel in the Paths of Darkness series.

Reception
Servant of the Shard reached 14 on The New York Times bestseller list on November 19, 2000.

References

2000 American novels
Forgotten Realms novels
Novels by R. A. Salvatore
Flashblock

Flashblock is a discontinued Flash content-filtering Firefox extension for Mozilla Firefox and SeaMonkey.

Extension
Flashblock allows users to prevent page elements, such as HTML object tag browser plug-ins and advertisements, from being displayed. Flashblock neither stops the download of Flash content nor does it prevent its execution completely.

The extension uses XBL and CSS to prevent elements of Silverlight, Macromedia Authorware, Adobe Director and Adobe Flash from being displayed. Flashblock does not prevent the elements from being downloaded.

Flashblock provides a mechanism that allows users to display the blocked elements by clicking on them, or by whitelisting.

Flashblock is based on a bookmarklet by Jesse Ruderman.

Reception
In 2006, InformationWeek recommended Flashblock, and described it as one of the most popular Firefox extensions. Lifehacker advocated its use in 2009. It was reviewed by download.com in 2011, by Softpedia, and in 2016 Tomsguide.com included it in its "40 Best Firefox Browser Add-Ons".

See also
Adblock Plus
NoScript
List of Firefox extensions

References

External links
 

Online advertising
Free Firefox legacy extensions
Round Towers GAA

Round Towers GAA may refer to:

Round Towers GAA (Kildare) - Kildare town
Round Towers GAA (Clondalkin) - Dublin
Round Towers GAA (London) - London
Round Towers GAA (Lusk) - Dublin
The Magnets

The Magnets are a five piece British a cappella group, comprising Callum McIntosh, Michael Conway, Nick Girard, Stevie Hutchinson, Ross Hunter and Mc Zani. Hobbit, Alfredo Austin III and Aaron J Boykin also perform with the group.

The group formed while at University College London together in a production of Guys and Dolls.

They signed to EMI and released their debut album, Giving It All That, in 2001.   The following few years saw them tour with Lisa Stansfield, Michael Ball, Tom Jones and Geri Halliwell, with appearances on The Michael Parkinson Show, Blue Peter and GMTV. In 2004, the group released Another Place, which featured nine original songs and two covers, including a rendition of Stephen Stills' "For What It's Worth". Their next album, Gobsmacked, featured songs such as "Girls & Boys" originally by Blur (band), and "Sweet Dreams" by Beyoncé, as well as live favourites such as "Poker Face" by Lady Gaga and "Livin' on a Prayer" by Bon Jovi.

The band has performed in five years of the last eight at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival.  The Magnets undertook a European tour in November and December 2010.

In June 2011, they performed in Adelaide, Australia, as part of the Adelaide Cabaret Festival. Following this, they toured Melbourne, Sydney and Noosa.

On 12 January 2014, the group played their first US date in New York City.

Discography

Studio albums

EPs

Singles

References

External links
 The Magnets official website
 Show Review (Leister Square)
 Interview with the Band

British vocal groups
Japanese yew

Japanese yew may refer to:
Taxus cuspidata, a species of yew native to Japan, Korea, and Manchuria and cultivated as an ornamental plant
Podocarpus macrophyllus, a yew-like conifer native to southern Japan and southern and eastern China also cultivated as an ornamental plant
Dunecht

Dunecht () is a slightly linear village on the A944 road in north-east Aberdeenshire in Scotland. It is not to be confused with Echt.
  
Dunecht is located 12 miles (19.5 km) west of the city of Aberdeen and is situated by the confluence of the Kinnernie and Bervie burns.

Formerly known as Waterton, it was renamed to Dunecht in the 1820s when the Crawford family built Dunecht House. The estate achieved a certain measure of notoriety in 1881 due to  theft of the remains of the Alexander Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford.

Dunecht House, once owned by Viscount Cowdray is now privately owned.  Dunecht House is to the south of the village and was once famed for its observatory, ballroom and library, as well as gardens which were opened once a year to the public. Corsindae House is  west of here, and is in the Scottish baronial style; built between the 1450s and 1600s (decade).

Amenities in the village include a school, a pub (Jaffs), and a garage-come-shop.

References
 AA Touring Guide to Scotland (1978)

External links 

Historic Scotland description of Dunecht Policies 
Official Dunecht Village Website
 Official Dunecht Estates Website

Villages in Aberdeenshire
Hurdle rate

Hurdle rate may refer to

a minimum acceptable rate of return on a project 
a level of return that a hedge fund must exceed before it can charge a performance fee

Rates

it:Hurdle rate
Air conditioned clothing

Air cooled clothing is a term for clothing that actively cools down the wearer.  It has primarily been used by workers in areas where air conditioning systems cannot be easily installed, such as tunnels and underground construction sites. Air-cooled clothing on the market does not operate by actually cooling down the air, as a room AC unit does. Instead, it increases the natural body cooling of the wearer by blowing air and sometimes water vapor around the body, decreasing skin temperature by the evaporation of sweat and vapor.

History
Patents for air cooled clothing have been around for years, but few products have actually made it to market. Hiroshi Ichigawa, a former Sony engineer spent 6 years to develop Kuchofuku, or "air-conditioned clothing" and launched his company in 2004 to manufacture and sell it. He first developed the water cooling system, but changed it to the air cooling system later because it was too uncomfortable to feel wet cloth. Another company that brought air conditioned shirts to market is Octocool, which is an online distributor of air cooled clothes. Attached to the clothing are two lightweight fans that help draw in air and help vaporize sweat.  The fans, attached to the back of the clothing near the waist, are about 10 cm wide and run on rechargeable lithium ion batteries that last between 8.5 and 59 hours depending on the speed of the fan.

Advantage
One advantage of air-cooled clothing is that it requires much less energy to cool people down than to cool down their entire environment. For instance, an air cooled shirt uses 4,400 mAh of power for 8.5 hours on the fastest fan setting, while an average central air conditioning unit uses 3000 to 5000 watts of power. In some cases, the purpose of air-conditioning is not to cool down the objects in the room, but the people.  Directly ventilating clothing is therefore far more efficient.  A 2012 New York Times article reported that gases commonly used in air conditioning absorb some 2,100 times more infrared radiation per ton than carbon dioxide, and due partly to increasing use of air conditioning in the developing world (particularly in tropical areas like India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil, and southern China), air conditioning is projected to contribute to some 27% of the overall greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.  Although there are some ideas for room air conditioning units that do not significantly contribute to producing greenhouse gases, none of those options are yet on the market.

See also 
 Liquid cooling and ventilation garment

References

External links
NY Times: Air conditioning as a major contributor to climate change

Environmental suits
Counting house

A counting house, or counting room, was traditionally an office in which the financial books of a business were kept. It was also the place that the business received appointments and correspondence relating to demands for payment.

Originating in Italy, the counting house was a central feature of commerce in the high Middle Ages and afterward. Calculations were typically quantified through the use of a counting board where the process could be spectated by interested persons. As technology developed and new practices emerged, particularly the adoption of Arabic numerals in financial record-keeping, use of the counting board became obsolete. 

As the use of counting houses spread in the 19th century, so did their reputation as being often uncomfortable and dreary places to work. This was most famously exemplified in Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol, where the underpaid Bob Cratchit spends his days toiling.

See also
 Accounts payable
 Count room, a secure room for counting cash
 Exchequer
 Factory (trading post), a fortified settlement for the counting houses of overseas merchants

References 

Business terms
Accounting systems
Rooms
Kundasang Valley

Kundasang Valley () is a valley where the Kundasang town is located in Sabah, Malaysia, primarily in the highlands of Sabah southeast side of Mount Kinabalu.

Environment 
The valley were known to be located at the intersection of regional fault zones of Quaternary age, where widespread ground movements pose the main hazard based on a mapped geology since 1958. As a result of extensive exploration of land for agricultural purposes, the rapid opening of new agriculture land in the valley also has caused the temperature in the area to increase significantly.

Features 
The valley is featured with terraced hill slopes planted with highlands vegetables as well a cattle dairy farm dubbed as Sabah's "Little New Zealand" where the cow breed of Holstein Friesian milk and dairy product were produced.

References 

Landforms of Sabah
Tourist attractions in Sabah
Valleys of Malaysia
Hase (disambiguation)

Hase is a river in north-western Germany.

Hase may also refer to:

Places 
 Hase (crater), on the Moon
 Hase, Nagano, a village in Kamiina District, Nagano, Japan

People 
 Hase Ferhatović (1933–1987), Yugoslav footballer
 Carl Benedict Hase (1780–1864), French Hellenist of German extraction
 Henry Hase (1847–1929), American politician
 Hiroshi Hase (born 1961), Japanese professional wrestler
 Johann Matthias Hase (1684–1742), German mathematician and astronomer
 Juan Carlos Hase (born 1948), Argentine chess master
 Karl August von Hase (1800–1890), German Protestant theologian and Church historian
, Japanese swimmer
 Marica Hase (born 1981), Japanese pornographic actress
 Minerva Fabienne Hase (born  1999), German pair skater
 Paul von Hase (1885–1944), German general who was part of the resistance against Adolf Hitler's Nazi régime
 Patrick Hase (fl. 1972–1996), a Hong Kong-based historian and a retired civil servant

Other uses 
 Hase, an outdoor sculpture at Colletto Fava near Genoa, Italy
 September Hase, an alternative rock band from Nashville, Tennessee

Japanese-language surnames
Wasted (comics)

Wasted is a comic book series written and drawn by Gerry Alanguilan and published by Alamat Comics since July 1994 through July 1996. It was first released as an eight-issue photocopied comics and later collected into one volume by Alamat Comics in 1998, releasing a total of 500 copies. The entire story was serialized in several parts on the pages of PULP Magazine in the Philippines beginning in 2000, and eventually compiled the story once again as Wasted: The Final Edition in 2003, releasing 2000 copies. In 2013, a new edition of the story was published independently by Gerry Alanguilan himself. The entire series is currently available to read online for free.

Comic book writer Warren Ellis considered Wasted "an early work by a potentially brilliant creator".

Wasted tells the story of Eric, a musician who loses his dad and his girlfriend, and goes on a rampage in the city looking for twisted justice and ultimately, death. Wasted was Gerry Alanguilan's first self-written comic, and was originally intended for only Alanguilan's close friends to read, as he was embarrassed by the large amount of violence and profanity in the title.

Wasted: Confession 
Wasted: Confession is a tie-in story written and drawn by Gerry Alanguilan that was first released in 2009. The story is set in between issues 3 and 4 of the main comic, showing Eric react to an 'innocent' bystander horrified by his recent rampage. The comic was later included as an extra in the 2013 compilation of the comic.

References

External links
 Official Wasted Site
 Gerry Alanguilan's Official Site
 Wasted: The Movie Site

Philippine comics titles
Comic book limited series
Michel Adam Lisowski

Michel Adam Lisowski is a Polish businessman and the founder and sole owner of Fashion TV.

Biography 
Michel Adam Lisowski was born on April 16, 1950, in Warsaw to a family of Jewish descent. In 1958, he moved to Vienna where his father served as a diplomat at the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Polish government. After high school, Lisowski was granted a scholarship for Mathematics at Princeton University.

Lisowski started a textile business in Thailand called "Eden Group" and is currently the President of Fashion TV (FTV), for which he also runs the franchise "love-f-cafe" in various European cities, including Monaco and Milan. 

In 2013, he returned to Vienna with the opening of the café on the ground floor of the Hotel Bristol next to the opera house.

References

20th-century French businesspeople
20th-century Polish Jews
21st-century Polish Jews
21st-century Polish people
Polish emigrants to France
Businesspeople from Warsaw
1950 births
Living people
Teng (state)

The State of Teng (, 1046–414BC) was a small Chinese state that existed during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, and was located in the south of modern-day Shandong () province. Its territory is now the county-level city of Tengzhou ().

Teng's ruling family was the Ji () family, with the founder, Shu Xiu of Cuo (錯叔繡), being the 14th brother of King Wu of Zhou (). It was conquered and annexed by the State of Yue () during the reign of King Goujian of Yue (越王勾踐, r. 496–465BC).

Teng was a vassal of the State of Lu (), and is famed as the birthplace of the Chinese philosopher Mozi () and architect Lu Ban ().  The name of the state survives in both the city of Tengzhou and the Chinese clan name of Teng ().

It was conquered by King Zhugou  (朱勾, d.411 BC) of Yue (). Then its nobility re-established the country. Finally it was annihilated by King Kang of Song () in 297 BC.

References 

History of Shandong
Ancient Chinese states
Zhou dynasty
TF2 (disambiguation)

TF2 usually refers to Team Fortress 2, a 2007 video game developed by Valve.

TF2 or TF.2  may also refer to:

Aircraft 
 Sopwith TF.2 Salamander, a British World War I aircraft
 Westland Wyvern TF.2,

Search and rescue 
 CA-TF2
 FL-TF2
 VA-TF2

Entertainment 
 Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, a 2009 film
 Titanfall 2, a 2016 video game developed by Respawn Entertainment
 Transport Fever 2, a 2019 video game developed by Urban Games
 Trophy Fishing 2, a 2017 videogame developed by Overgroup

See also 
 
 (162015) , a minor planet
WYFX

WYFX may refer to:

 WYFX-LD, a low-power television station (channel 32/virtual 62) licensed to Youngstown, Ohio, United States
 WMVI (FM), a radio station (106.7 FM) licensed to Mount Vernon, Indiana, United States, which held the call sign WYFX from 1999 to 2022
 WIRA, a radio station (1400 AM) licensed to Fort Pierce, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WYFX from 1996 to 1997
 WURN (AM), a radio station (1040 AM) licensed to Miami, Florida, which held the call sign WYFX from 1986 to 1996
C-COR

C-COR (former NASDAQ symbol CCBL) was an American communication services company incorporated in 1953 and based in State College, Pennsylvania until late 2007, when it was sold to ARRIS. The corporation was best known for creating video transport systems.

In 1965, C-COR introduced the use of integrated circuits in amplifiers used on utility poles and in 1969 was the first to use heat fins on amplifiers. In 1991, C-COR was the first to introduce a 1 GHz amplifier.

From the 1990s until its sale, C-COR's business focus moved from hardware amplifiers to communications service and software such as video on demand and cable television advertising insertion. By 2005, C-COR purchased five software companies: video on demand solution provider nCUBE in October 2004, Optinel Systems, Stargus, Alopa Networks, and Lantern Communications. In 2006, as part of a 225 person layoff, C-COR closed the Sunnyvale, California home of acquired Alopa Networks and Lantern Communications.

References

Defunct telecommunications companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in Pennsylvania
Telecommunications companies established in 1953
American companies established in 1953
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
2007 mergers and acquisitions
Shaad Ali

Shaad Ali is an Indian filmmaker.

Early life and education
Ali was born to Muzaffar Ali and Subhashini Ali (née Sahgal), an Indian politician and member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He is thus the grandson of Azad Hind Fauj commander Lakshmi Sahgal. He studied at the Welham Boys' School and the Lawrence School, Sanawar.

Career
Shaad Ali started his career as an assistant director to Mani Ratnam, and assisted him on the film Dil Se.. (1998).

He made his directorial debut under Yash Raj Films and Madras Talkies, with Saathiya (2002), starring Vivek Oberoi and Rani Mukerji. The film was a remake of Mani Ratnam's Tamil film Alaipayuthey (2000). Saathiya's script was written by Ratnam. The film did well and established Shaad Ali in the industry.

His second film was Bunty Aur Babli (2005) which for the first time brought together real-life father and son Amitabh Bachchan and  Abhishek Bachchan alongside Rani Mukerji. The film was one of the biggest hits of the year.

Shaad Ali's third film released on 15 June 2007. The film, titled Jhoom Barabar Jhoom stars Abhishek Bachchan, Preity Zinta, Bobby Deol and Lara Dutta in lead roles.

His fourth directorial venture was Kill Dil which got released on 14 November 2014. The movie received average reviews from critics and got lukewarm response at the Box office as well.

He has directed movie Ok Jaanu which released on 13 January 2017. Ok Jaanu is a remake of a Tamil movie Mani Ratnam's O Kadhal Kanmani. This film reunited him with composer A. R. Rahman after a long hiatus since Saathiya (2002), after Rahman turned down Bunty Aur Babli citing a busy schedule.

His latest movie is Soorma which is a biographical sports drama film based on the life of hockey player Sandeep Singh releasing on 13 July 2018.

Personal life
Ali married Shazmeen Hussain, daughter of conceptual artist Rummana Hussain and businessman Ishaat Hussain, in 2006. The couple divorced in 2011. He briefly dated Pooja Shetty, daughter of Adlabs founder Manmohan Shetty. In 2013, he married Aarti Patkar.

He’s the grandson of the Captain Lakshmi Sahgal and Colonel Prem Sahgal. Ali is also the nephew of environmental educator Kartikeya Sarabhai and the Indian classical dancer Mallika Sarabhai.

Filmography

Web series 

 Pawan & Pooja (2020)
 Call My Agent: Bollywood (2021)
 Bloody Brothers (2022)

References

External links 
 

Film directors from Kolkata
People from Lakhimpur Kheri
Politicians from Kolkata
Living people
Lawrence School, Sanawar alumni
Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal
21st-century Indian film directors
1970 births
Johann Matthias Hase

Johann Matthias (Matyhias) Hase (Haas, Haase) (anglicised as Johannes Hasius) (14 January 1684 – 24 September 1742) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer.

Biography
Hase taught at Leipzig and his native Augsburg.  In 1720, he became professor of mathematics at the University of Wittenberg.

Hase made maps for the publishing firm of  ("Homännis' Heirs"), such as the following:

 A map of Africa,  (1737) which itself was based on the maps developed by Leo Africanus 
  
 Kingdoms of David and Solomon (1739). At Nuremberg, Hase published his .  This work, as a historical survey of the kingdoms of David and Solomon, as well as of the dominions of the Seleucids, included maps of Syria and Egypt .
  (1743). It depicts Europe.
  (1744). It shows Asia.

  (1744), published at Nuremberg. It shows the Kingdom of Hungary, as well as countries along the Danube and in Southeast Europe.

Hase died in Wittenberg. The crater Hase on the moon is named after him.

Allegories
Based on what is known of the sources of the Africa map, Hase's primary contribution to the maps were adding a cultural explanation in the form of allegorical cartoons on the map itself, though he may have had a greater role in other maps. On the map of Africa, for example, he added in the lower corner of the map a large allegorical scene showing a finely dressed woman in clothes that are similar to modern-day clothing. The men are either dressed with single piece servant's clothes, or an African ruler's garb, or fully dressed European traders. Notably, the indigenous African ruler is sitting on the back of a crouching human prostrating as a stool. Also shown in the allegory are lions and other animals and some semblance of life on the continent. 
The Asia map also has such allegorical scene.

References

USC Public Archives  
Maps of Europe  
Die Mathematikprofessoren der Leucorea  
Slowakeiportal 

1684 births
1742 deaths
Scientists from Augsburg
18th-century German astronomers
18th-century German cartographers
18th-century German mathematicians
18th-century cartographers