alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Bahlui

The Bahlui is the largest river of the city of Iași, in eastern Romania. It is a right tributary of the river Jijia. Its name is derived from Cuman and it means "muddy river". The Bahlui has a length of 119 km and a catchment area of 1967 km2. The average discharge is about 4.88 m³/s.

Its spring is located at an altitude of 500 metres in the Tudora Comune, Botoșani County, in the eastern part of Suceava Plateau. It flows through the Jijia Plain, from north-west toward south-east and through the cities of Hârlău (formerly named after the river: Târgul Bahluiului)  and Iași. It flows into the Jijia in Tomești, east of Iași. The quality of its waters is rather low, due to spills of industrial plants, especially in Iași. The Pârcovaci and Tansa-Belcești reservoirs are located on the river Bahlui.

Tributaries
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Bahlui (from source to mouth):

Left: Bahluiul Mic, Vulpoiul, Gurguiata, Lungul, Durușca, Totoești, Hoisești, Ileana, Bogonos, Lupul, Rediu, Cacaina, Ciric, Chirița, Orzeni
Right: Valea Mare, Valea Cetățuiei, Buhalnița, Măgura, Putina, Bahlueț, Voinești, Pârâul Mare, Nicolina, Vămășoaia

References

 
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Botoșani County
Rivers of Iași County
Topolog (Danube)

The Topolog is a river in Dobruja, Romania, a right tributary of the Danube. It rises near the commune of Topolog, in the Casimcea Plateau of Tulcea County forming the Topolog Depression, which divides the Plateau in two parts: the Casimcea Plateau proper (to the east) and the Hârșova Plateau (to the west). Initially, it flows from northwest toward southeast, but eventually, it changes to east-west, spilling into Lake Hazarlâc, which is connected with the Danube. Its length is  and its basin size is .

References

Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Tulcea County
Rivers of Constanța County
Alexandria National Cemetery (Virginia)

Alexandria National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery, of approximately , located in the city of Alexandria, Virginia. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it is one of the original national cemeteries that were established in 1862. As of 2014, it was site to over 4,500 interments.  The cemetery can accommodate the cremated remains of eligible individuals.

History 
As one of the original national cemeteries, it served as the burial grounds for mostly Union soldiers who died in the numerous hospitals around the Alexandria area, but by 1864 it was almost filled to capacity. This led to the development of the Arlington National Cemetery.  The remains of 39 Confederates, originally buried in the cemetery during the Civil War, were disinterred by the Daughters of the Confederacy in 1879.  The remains were reinterred in Christ Church cemetery.

Alexandria National Cemetery was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Notable interments
Following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln in April of 1865, four civilian members of the Alexandria Fire Department were among twenty men hired by the Union Army's Quartermaster Corp to man the Black Diamond canal barge on the Potomac River.  As part of the manhunt for John Wilkes Booth, the Black Diamond was to patrol the river stopping any vessels that could be attempting to transport Booth across the Potomac into Virginia.

As the Black Diamond was anchored around midnight, April 23, 1865 it was struck by the USS Massachusettes.  The four civilian firefighters,Peter Carroll, Christopher Farley, Samuel Gosnell, and George Huntington, died as a result of the collision.  As they were in service to their country, they were bestowed the honor of being buried alongside Union soldiers in Arlington National Cemetery.

References

External links 

 National Cemetery Administration
 Alexandria National Cemetery in Virginia
 
 
 

Cemeteries in Alexandria, Virginia
Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
United States national cemeteries
National Register of Historic Places in Alexandria, Virginia
Geography of Alexandria, Virginia
Tourist attractions in Alexandria, Virginia
1862 establishments in Virginia
Historic American Landscapes Survey in Virginia
Cemeteries established in the 1860s
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation

The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) is a Cabinet-level agency within the government of the U.S. state of Tennessee, headed by the Tennessee Commissioner of Environment and Conservation.

The Department of Conservation was first created in 1937 by the State Government Reorganization Act of 1937. All areas used for state parks, monuments, and recreation were brought under a Division of Parks within the department later that year. For a short while in the late 1950s and early 1960s the department existed as the Department of Conservation and Commerce, but it was soon split, with the Department of Conservation regaining its name. The modern TDEC was created in 1991, with programs in the Department of Health and Environment shifted into the new department.

TDEC is legally responsible for the protection of Tennessee's air, water, and soil quality. As of 2006, the department had at least fourteen divisions: the Division of Air Pollution Control, the Division of Archaeology, the Division of Geology, the Division of Ground Water Protection, the Division of Internal Audit, the Division of Natural Heritage, the Division of Radiological Health, the Division of Remediation, the Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, the Division of Underground Storage Tanks, the Division of Water Pollution Control, the Division of Water Supply, the Recreational Services Division, and the Department of Energy Oversight Division. The department also manages Tennessee's state parks and the Tennessee Historical Commission. According to the Gubernatorial Papers housed at the Tennessee State Library and Archives in Nashville, the department once had a Hotel & Restaurant Division, which currently is managed by the Department of Tourist Development.

The first commissioner of TDEC was J.W. Luna, who served under Governor Ned Ray McWherter. Don Dills and Milton H. Hamilton Jr. were commissioners during the administration of Governor Don Sundquist. Jim Fyke held the position under Governor Phil Bredesen. The current commissioner is David W. Salyers, who was appointed in 2019 by Governor Bill Lee.

In 2016 the environmental watchdog group, the Tennessee Clean Water Network, published a press release directed at the department's Division of Water Resources, claiming that the division, under the direction of the state's governor, had shown a significant drop-off in the number of penalties for businesses committing clear acts of water pollution.  The state issues a certain number of permits to businesses to pollute local water, and if those permit levels are exceeded, the state has the option to enforce a penalty, which it had largely decided not to do.

See also
 Climate change in Tennessee

References

External links

The Tennessee Blue Book's section on the Department

State agencies of Tennessee
State environmental protection agencies of the United States
Manzanilla, Spain

Manzanilla is a town and municipality located in the province of Huelva, Spain. According to the 2005 census, it has a population of 2,384 inhabitants.

References

External links
Manzanilla - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía

Municipalities in the Province of Huelva
Alexandria National Cemetery (Louisiana)

Alexandria National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Pineville, in Rapides Parish, Louisiana. It occupies approximately , and is site to over 10,000 interments as of the end of 2020.

History 
In 1867, an  plot was appropriated from a local resident to establish the Alexandria National Cemetery. It was originally intended as a place to bury Union soldiers who died in the area during the Civil War, but later, remains from Mount Pleasant, Cheneyville, Yellow Bayou, and Fort Brown, Texas, were re-interred in Alexandria. Of approximately 1378 Civil War burials, 507 are known and 871 are unknown.

Alexandria National Cemetery was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

Notable burials 
 Sputnik Monroe (1928–2006), professional wrestler
 Patsy Flaherty (1876-1968), professional baseball player
 US Representative Gillis William Long (1923–1985)
 Major Jacob Brown (1778–1846), for whom Fort Brown, Texas is named
 John J. Williams (American Civil War) (1843–1865), the last soldier killed in the American Civil War
 Civil War Union Army Captain Ira W. Claflin (1834–1867)
 There are fifty-seven Buffalo Soldiers interred at the Alexandria National Cemetery
 There are 5 German P.O.W.’s buried at The Alexandria National Cemetery

New interments 
The cemetery is closed to new interments. Exceptions to this include subsequent interments for veterans or eligible family members in an existing gravesite. Cemetery policy allows for first-come, first-served waitlist to eligible veterans if burial space becomes available due to a canceled reservation or when a disinterment has been completed.

See also 
 United States Department of Veterans Affairs

References

External links 

 National Cemetery Administration
 Alexandria National Cemetery in Louisiana
 
 
 
 
 

Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana
United States national cemeteries
Pineville, Louisiana
Protected areas of Rapides Parish, Louisiana
Historic American Landscapes Survey in Louisiana
National Register of Historic Places in Rapides Parish, Louisiana
Lucena del Puerto

Lucena del Puerto is a town and municipality located in the province of Huelva, Spain. According to the 2005 census, it has a population of 2,283 inhabitants.

References

External links
Lucena del Puerto - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía

Municipalities in the Province of Huelva
Pădurea Craiului Mountains

The Pădurea Craiului Mountains are in the northwestern part of the Apuseni Mountains of the Carpathian Mountain range, located between the  and the Beiuș Depression. The Dealurile Vestice (Western Hills) are located to the west of these mountains, the  are to their south-east, and the  are to their north. The highest peak in Pădurea Craiului is the Hodrâncușa Peak at . The name Pădurea Craiului literally means "The Forest of the King".

The mountains cover an area of  and are located in the central-eastern part of Bihor County, covering 15.2% of its surface area. They are also the mountainous area nearest to Oradea, which is about  away from Vârciorog, and  away of Șuncuiuș, two communes nestled in the Pădurea Craiului.

External links

Mountain ranges of Romania
Mountain ranges of the Western Romanian Carpathians
Western Romanian Carpathians
Geography of Bihor County
Jabugo

Jabugo is a town and municipality located in the province of Huelva, Spain. According to the 2005 census, it has a population of 2,475 inhabitants.  The region is known for its signature ham, Jamón ibérico.

References

External links
Jabugo - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía.  (In Spanish)

Municipalities in the Province of Huelva
Tennessee Department of Personnel

The Tennessee Department of Personnel is a Cabinet-level agency within the state government of the U.S. state of Tennessee, headed by Nat E. Johnson, the Acting Commissioner of Personnel. The agency administers the employment applications process for Tennessee's state departments, assists other agencies with personnel practices, and advises the governor on personnel policy, and meeting the needs of the government's 38,000 employees in Tennessee's 95 counties. The Department is housed in the James K. Polk State Office Building.

The Department has the power to temporarily transfer employees from one department to another when necessary, and it is required by statute to establish and maintain a training program for administrative judges and hearing officers. It assists state departments in planning and conduct of training workshops, to prevent sexual harassment from occurring, and designs orientation sessions which are made available to each department for each new employee. It is required to make a study of the civil service system and provide periodic reports to the governor on recommendations for improvements. The Department makes annual reports, and special reports if they deem it to be necessary, on the personnel administration for the governor and commissioner.

The Department carries out its duties through eleven divisions: the Examinations Division, the Applicant Services Division, the Technical Services Division, the Classification/Compensation Division, the Employee Relations Division, the Research Division, the Administrative Services division, the Information Services Division, the Equal Employment Opportunities/Affirmative Action division, the Americans with Disabilities division, and the Employee Development and Equal Opportunity division.

External links
The Department of Personnel website
LexisNexis's archive of Tennessee Code, Title 4
The Tennessee Blue Book's section on the Department

State agencies of Tennessee
Tennessee Commissioner of Environment and Conservation

The Tennessee Commissioner of Environment and Conservation is the head of the  Department of Environment and Conservation of the U.S. state of Tennessee, which is responsible for environmental protection, conservation of natural resources, and management of state parks. The Commissioner is appointed by the Governor and is a member of the Governor's Cabinet, which meets at least once per month, or more often to the governor's liking. The current Commissioner is David W. Salyers.

In 1953, former governor Jim Nance McCord became the Commissioner of Conservation for Governor Frank G. Clement during his first administration. Donald M. McSween was the Commissioner for Frank Clement during his second administration. E. Boyd Garrett was the Commissioner during the Buford Ellington administration, beginning in 1967. William L. Jenkins and Granville Hinton each served as Commissioner under Winfield Dunn. From 1975 to 1979, B.R. "Buck" Allison served as the Commissioner of Ray Blanton. Ann R. Tuck and Charles A. Howell, III served as Commissioner during the two terms of Lamar Alexander. J.W. Luna became the first to hold the title of Commissioner of Environment and Conservation under Ned McWherter. Milton H. Hamilton Jr. was Commissioner under Don Sundquist.

External links
The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation website
The Tennessee Blue Book's section on the Department

 Environment and Conservation
Canada Land Inventory

The Canada Land Inventory (CLI) is a multi-disciplinary land inventory of rural Canada.

Conceptualized in the early 1960s by the Department of Forestry and Rural Development (later the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources), the CLI was a federal-provincial project that lasted from 1963 to 1995 and produced maps which indicated the capability of land to sustain agriculture, forestry, recreation and wildlife; its geographic extent was all of Canada except the North (i.e. below the tree line).

CLI used a common classification scheme and common mapping scales (1:50K 1:250K and 1:1 million). Land capability for agriculture, forestry, land-use, recreation, wildlife (ungulates and waterfowl) were mapped The large amount of data generated by the CLI saw the early adoption of the world's first geographic information system (GIS), called the Canada Geographic Information System (CGIS).

Since 1995, the CLI agriculture data have been taken over by the Department of Agriculture to continue rating agricultural land capability. The CLI in this modified form consists of a soil survey with rankings from 1 to 7, with Class 1 soil having no limitations for arable crop production and Class 7 having no capability for agricultural activities. Classes 1-3 are considered prime agricultural land, and are protected by land use policies in certain provinces, including Ontario. Classes 2-6 have certain limitations for arable crop production, denoted by sub-classes which specify the limitations of the soil (for example, excessive water, adverse climate, stoniness). The results are mapped on 1:250,000 NTS grids.

External links
Canada Land Inventory (CLI) - Overview - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Canada Land Inventory from Geogratis Natural Resources Canada
Classifying Prime and Marginal Agricultural Soils and Landscapes: Guidelines for Application of the Canada Land Inventory in Ontario - Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

References
 

Government of Canada
Soil by country
Astruc Remoch

Astruc Remoch (sometimes spelled Raimuch) was a Jewish convert to Catholicism who made his mark in history by attempting the conversion of other Jews during the 14th century.

Remoch was a medical doctor in Fraga, Spain in the 14th century. He had contact with prominent Jews of his day, such as Benveniste ibn Labi of Zaragoza.

In 1391, Astruc Remoch was baptized into the Roman Catholic Church, taking the name Francisco Dias-Carni. Following his conversion, Remoch's belief in the Catholic doctrine of Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus was so strong that he endangered his old Jewish friend En-Shealtiel Bonfos, (probably a son of the physician Isaac Bonfos born Shealtiel of Falces), in his efforts to get Bonfos to convert as well.

Remoch (Francisco) wrote a letter to his friend in Hebrew, critical of Judaism and supportive of the beliefs of Christianity.  In response, Remoch received two letters. Bonfos composed a careful response to what was a very delicate topic during the Inquisition, avoiding any statements that the Church might find offensive.

The satirical poet Solomon ben Reuben Bonfed wrote his own much less careful reply to Remoch's arguments in a rhyming prose that attacked each of Remoch's arguments.

Solomon first apologizes for his interference in matters that are none of his business, then insists that as a Jew he cannot remain silent amidst the argument, and continues to argue that the Christian belief system was unsupportable, stating, "You twist and distort the Bible text to establish the Trinity."

Sources 

 JewishEncyclopedia.com - RAIMUCH (REMOCH), ASTRUC
 POLEMICS AND POLEMICAL LITERATURE (Jewish Encyclopedia) - BibleWiki

Converts to Roman Catholicism from Judaism
14th-century Catalan Jews
Spanish Roman Catholics
14th-century Aragonese Jews
Medieval Jewish physicians of Spain
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
14th-century physicians
Gabriel Antonio Pereira

Gabriel Antonio José Pereira Villagrán (Montevideo, 17 March 1794 – 14 April 1861) was a Uruguayan politician who served as president first from 1838 to 1839, and again from 1856 to 1860.

He was Minister of Finance from 1830 to 1831. He served as the President of the Senate of Uruguay 1833–1834, 1836 and 1839.

References

1794 births
1861 deaths
19th-century Uruguayan people
Politicians from Montevideo
Presidents of Uruguay
Presidents of the Senate of Uruguay
Ministers of Economics and Finance of Uruguay
Uruguayan people of indigenous peoples descent
Uruguayan people of Portuguese descent
Indiantown Gap National Cemetery

Indiantown Gap National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in East Hanover Township, in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it occupies approximately , and has over 60,000 interments, as of 2021.

History 
Indiantown Gap derives its name from the various Native American communities that populated the region. Starting in the 1930s, it became a training area for the United States Army and control of the facility was turned over to the Pennsylvania National Guard in 1998.

In 1976, a section of Fort Indiantown Gap Military Reservation was selected as the national cemetery for the states of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Virginia and West Virginia. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania donated land for the site to the US Veterans Administration (now known as the United States Department of Veterans Affairs), specifically the branch of the VA known as the National Cemetery Administration (NCA).

Since 1976, the Indiantown Gap National Cemetery has been administered by the NCA and is separate entity from the section of Fort Indiantown Gap assigned to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

Notable interments 
Notable interments include:
 Robert F. Kent (1911–1982), Pennsylvania state representative and Pennsylvania Treasurer from 1957 to 1961
 Bob Montgomery (1919–1998), Lightweight Boxing Champion of the World and International Boxing Hall of Fame inductee
 Rear Admiral Harley D. Nygren (1924–2019), first director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (1970–1981)
 John Shumaker (1929–1999), Pennsylvania State Senator
 Paul Vathis (1925–2002), Pulitzer Prize winning photographer

See also 
 List of Pennsylvania cemeteries

References

External links 

 National Cemetery Administration
 Indiantown Gap National Cemetery
 Photos of Indiantown Gap National Cemetery
 
 

Cemeteries established in the 1970s
Cemeteries in Pennsylvania
United States national cemeteries
Tourist attractions in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania
Bergvliet High School

Bergvliet High School is a public high school in the suburb of Bergvliet in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa....

Background
Bergvliet High currently has a student body of approximately 1130 learners. On the 20th of August 2009, it was announced that Stephen Price had been selected to become the new principal of the school. BHS has 2 deputy principals. The school motto is Sapiens Dominabitur Astris.

History
The school was founded in 1957 soon after the relatively new suburb of Bergvliet was built. The first grade eight class was enrolled in 1957, with the first class starting on January 29 of that year. Approximately 70 students attended the first day. The first school principal was Mr. P.A.M van der Spuy, who served from the founding of the school until his retirement in 1969.

See also
BHS - The first 50 Years: Anecdotes, Tributes and Memories - Richard Hamburger

External links
Bergvliet High School website

References 

Schools in Cape Town
Educational institutions established in 1957
1957 establishments in South Africa
High schools in South Africa
Meadowridge
Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance

The Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance is a high-ranking position within United States Department of the Treasury that reports to, advises, and assists the Secretary of the Treasury and the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury. The under secretary leads the department's policy on the issues of domestic finance, fiscal policy, fiscal operations, government assets, government liabilities, and other related economic and fiscal matters.

Under Secretary Mary J. Miller announced she was stepping down from the position on June 12, 2014, and the position was officially vacant until July 2021.

Matthew Rutherford served as acting Under Secretary until January 30, 2015. President Barack Obama nominated Antonio Weiss for the position on November 13, 2014. Weiss was never confirmed by the Senate, and withdrew his nomination on January 12, 2015. On April 22, 2021 President Joe Biden nominated economist Nellie Liang for Senate confirmation in the position. Liang was confirmed by the Senate on July 14, 2021.

Overview
The under secretary has oversight of the following:
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Institutions
Office of Financial Institutions
Office of Financial Institutions Policy
Office of Consumer Policy
Office of Housing, Small Business, and Community Development
Community Development Financial Institutions Fund
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Markets
Office of Financial Markets
Office of Federal Finance
Office of Government Financial Policy
Office of Capital Markets
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability
Office of Financial Stability
Fiscal Assistant Secretary of the Treasury
Office of Fiscal Service
Office of Fiscal Operations and Policy
Office of Accounting Policy
Bureau of the Fiscal Service

List of Under Secretaries of the Treasury for Domestic Finance (Incomplete)

References
Russula vesca

Russula vesca, known by the common names of bare-toothed Russula or the flirt, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Russula.

Taxonomy 
Russula vesca was described, and named by the eminent Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries (1794–1878). The specific epithet is the feminine of the Latin adjective vescus, meaning "edible".

Description 
The skin of the cap typically does not reach the margins (resulting in the common names). The cap is 5–10 cm wide, flat, convex, or with slightly depressed centre, weakly sticky, colour brownish to dark brick-red. Taste mild. Gills close apart, white. The stipe narrows toward the base, 2–7 cm long, 1.5–2.5 cm wide, white. It turns deep salmon when rubbed with iron salts (Ferrous sulfate). The spore print is white.

Distribution and habitat 
Russula vesca appears in summer or autumn, and grows primarily in deciduous forests in Europe, and North America.

Edibility 
Russula vesca is considered edible and good, with a mild nutty flavour. In some countries, including Russia, Ukraine and Finland it is considered entirely edible even in the raw state.

See also 
List of Russula species

References 

 "Danske storsvampe.  Basidiesvampe" [a key to Danish basidiomycetes] J.H. Petersen and J. Vesterholt eds. Gyldendal. Viborg, Denmark, 1990.

External links

vesca
Fungi described in 1836
Fungi of Europe
Fungi of North America
Edible fungi
Administrative divisions of Amur Oblast



Administrative and municipal divisions

 ※ - under the oblast's jurisdiction

References

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast
Environmental issues in Libya

Environmental issues in Libya include desertification and very limited natural freshwater resources.

Environmental issues

Water supply 
Annual rainfall averages only between 200 and 600 millimetres in the most arable portions of Libya. The Great Man-made River Project, designed to bring water from fossil aquifers beneath the Sahara, has no long-term viability because of the finite nature of the fossil reserves.
A major environmental concern in Libya is the depletion of underground water as a result of overuse in agricultural developments, causing salinity and sea-water penetration into the coastal aquifers. The Great Man-Made River Project, currently under development to transport water from large aquifers under the Sahara Desert to coastal cities, is the world's most extensive water supply project.

Wastewater treatment
In Libya, municipal wastewater treatment is managed by the general company for water and wastewater in Libya, which falls within the competence of the Housing and Utilities Government Ministry. There are approximately 200 sewage treatment plants across the nation, but few plants are functioning. In fact, the 36 larger plants are in the major cities; however, only nine of them are operational, and the rest of them are under repair.

The largest operating wastewater treatment plants are situated in Sirte, Tripoli, and Misurata, with a design capacity of 21,000, 110,000, and 24,000 m3/day, respectively. Moreover, a majority of the remaining wastewater facilities are small and medium-sized plants with a design capacity of approximately 370 to 6700 m3/day. Therefore, 145,800 m3/day or 11 percent of the wastewater is actually treated, and the remaining others are released into the ocean and artificial lagoons although they are untreated. In fact, nonoperational wastewater treatment plants in Tripoli lead to a spill of over 1,275, 000 cubic meters of unprocessed water into the ocean every day.

Pollution and desertification 
Another significant environmental problem in Libya is water pollution. The combined impact of sewage, oil byproducts, and industrial waste threatens Libya's coast and the Mediterranean Sea generally. Libya has 0.8 cu km of renewable water resources with 87% used in farming activity and 4% for industrial purposes. Only about 68% of the people living in rural areas have pure drinking water. Libya's cities produce about 0.6 million tons of solid waste per year. The desertification of existing fertile areas is being combated by the planting of trees as windbreaks.

Endangered species 
As of 2001, 11 of Libya's mammal species and 2 of its bird species were endangered. About 41 of its plant species were also endangered. Endangered species in Libya include the Mediterranean monk seal, the leopard, and the slender-horned gazelle. The Bubal hartebeest and Sahara oryx are extinct.

See also
Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa
Geography of Libya
Protected areas of Libya
Wildlife of Libya

References 

Issues
Libya
Rubidium bromide

Rubidium bromide is the bromide of rubidium. It has a NaCl crystal structure, with a lattice constant of 685 picometres.

There are several methods for synthesising rubidium bromide. One involves reacting rubidium hydroxide with hydrobromic acid:

RbOH + HBr → RbBr + H2O

Another method is to neutralize rubidium carbonate with hydrobromic acid:

Rb2CO3 + 2 HBr → 2 RbBr + H2O + CO2

Rubidium metal would react directly with bromine to form RbBr, but this is not a sensible production method, since rubidium metal is substantially more expensive than the carbonate or hydroxide; moreover, the reaction would be explosive.

References

 WebElements. URL accessed March 1, 2006.

Rubidium compounds
Bromides
Metal halides
Alkali metal bromides
Rock salt crystal structure
Elijah Clarke

Elijah Clarke (1742 – December 15, 1799) was an American military officer and Georgia legislator.

Career
Elijah Clarke was born near Tarboro in Edgecombe County, Province of North Carolina, the son of John Clarke of Anson County, North Carolina.
served in the Georgia Militia during the American Revolutionary War. When the state troops disbanded after the surrender of Savannah, he became a lieutenant colonel in the Wilkes County Militia. He fought in the southern theater and served under Col. Andrew Pickens in the Battle of Kettle Creek. He was one of three American commanders at the Battle of Musgrove’s Mill, during which he was wounded.

After the war, Clarke was elected to the Georgia legislature, serving from 1781 - 1790. In early 1794, he was asked if he'd be interested in leading a French invasion of Spanish East Florida, but the plot never materialised. Instead of invading Florida, Clarke led men from Wilkes County into Creek lands. In 1794 he organized the Trans-Oconee Republic, several settlements in traditional Creek territory. From there he attacked Creek villages, but was restrained by Georgia Governor George Matthews.

Death and legacy
Clarke died on December 15, 1799.

Clarke and his actions served as one of the sources for the fictional character of Benjamin Martin in The Patriot, a film released in 2000.  He is also a major character in the historical novel The Hornet's Nest by Jimmy Carter.

Clarke County in Georgia is named after Elijah Clarke.

References

External links
Elijah Clarke, New Georgia Encyclopedia.
[Letter] 1783 Nov. 6, Augusta [to] Governor [of Georgia] Lyman Hall / Elijah Clarke
[Letter] 1788 Oct. 23, Washington, [Wilkes County, Georgia to the] Governor [of Georgia] / Elijah Clarke
[Letter] 1788 Nov. 26 [to] Geo[rge] Handley / Elijah Clark[e].
[Letter] 1789 June 24, Hickory Grove [to] Col[onel] Benj[ami]n Cleavland, Franklin County, [Georgia] / Elijah Clarke. 
 Letter, 1792 Dec. 4, Augusta, [Georgia to] Governor Edward Telfair / Elijah Clarke.

1742 births
1799 deaths
People from Wilkes County, Georgia
Burials in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) militiamen in the American Revolution
Heads of state of former countries
Heads of state of states with limited recognition
People of colonial North Carolina
People from Edgecombe County, North Carolina
GOCR

GOCR (or JOCR) is a free optical character recognition program, initially written by Jörg Schulenburg. It can be used to convert or scan image files (portable pixmap or PCX) into text files.

Features 
GOCR claims it can handle single-column sans-serif fonts of 20–60 pixels in height.  It reports trouble with serif fonts, overlapping characters, handwritten text, heterogeneous fonts, noisy images, large angles of skew, and text in anything other than a Latin alphabet.

GOCR can also translate barcodes.

User interface 
GOCR can be used as a stand-alone command-line application, or as a back-end to other programs. It comes with a gocr.tcl graphic interface. GOCR can be also used as an OCR engine in OCRFeeder.

Development 
Version 0.3.0 was released in December 2000, 0.3.5 in February 2002, and 0.37 in August 2002.

Between version 0.40 (March 2005) and 0.43 (December 2006), the recognition engine was gradually replaced with a vector version.

Version 0.48 was released in August 2009.

Version 0.49 was released in September 2010.

Version 0.50 was released in March 2013.

Version 0.51 was released in August 2017.

Nomenclature 
The application was originally named GOCR which stands for GNU Optical Character Recognition. When it came time to register the project on SourceForge the name GOCR was already taken so the project was registered as JOCR (Jörg's Optical Character Recognition).

As a result of this situation the project and application are known as both GOCR and JOCR. Schulenburg admits that this is problematic.

Formats 
Acceptable image formats are:
 PNM
 PBM
 PGM
 PPM
 PCX (some)
 TGA

Other formats are automatically converted using netpbm-progs, gzip and bzip2 via the use of a unix pipe. These images types include:

 pnm.gz
 pnm.bz2
 PNG
 JPG
 TIFF
 GIF
 BMP

References

External links 
 GOCR Main Page
  (may be out of date)

Free graphics software
Optical character recognition software
Free software programmed in C
Hagen, Ekenäs

Hagen is a 26-hectare natural park, and part of the town of Raseborg in Finland. It is located at the southwestern end of the municipality that was formerly the independent town of Ekenäs, prior to merging with Snappertuna and Tenala in January 2009. A pedestrian bridge from Hagen connects it to the island of Ramsholmen, which is itself connected to the island of Högholmen. These three areas are connected to form the Hagen-Ramsholmen-Högholmen area, roughly 58 hectares. Many of the deciduous trees found in the area are some of the largest of their species in Finland.

References 

Parks in Finland
Geography of Uusimaa
Tourist attractions in Uusimaa
Raseborg
Alosno

Alosno is a town and municipality located in the province of Huelva, Spain. According to the 2013 census, the village has a population of 1,840 inhabitants.
The Filon Sur Mine, in Alosno municipality, is a notable source of fine specimens of the mineral goethite. Nearby is a 4500+ year old copper smelting archeological site named Cabezo Juré.

The region is notable for production of fine ham, Jamon Serrano, through a system of pasturing and finishing on Holm oak's sweet acorns ( Bellotas ). The chorizo and local Manchego sheep cheeses are also outstanding. Much of the best land is also planted with green olives, for oil or for storage whole in brine. The town's style is very mediterranean with whitewashed walls and cobbles or concrete walks. Approximately 15 Bar/Grills and a number of more formal dinner restaurants line the main street in/out of town, with a main market and outdoor market also selling produce from stalls. Very low humidity makes up for the heat, and ocean moderating winds are common.  Green countrysides start the year off with spring rains and progresses on to gold with the dry summers. Frost and snow are very rare.

Proximity to a prominent rock climbing face and centuries old nunnery and chapels.

Alosno is "Cuna del Fandango" and is famous within Spain for flamenco players and festivals. Other important festivals are Cruces de Mayo, San Juan, Visperas, and many more.

Notable people
The noted Spanish boxer Pedro Carrasco, and the fandango singer Paco Toronjo were born in Alosno.

Demographics

Villages
Tharsis, Huelva

References

External links

Ayuntamiento de Alosno ( Town Leadership )

Municipalities in the Province of Huelva
Foreign aid to Thailand

Foreign Aid to Thailand On July 31, 2003, Thailand repaid its outstanding obligations under a standby arrangement made with the International Monetary Fund designed to help it recover from the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. The payment was made four years ahead of schedule, reflecting Thailand's achievement of macroeconomic and balance-of-payments stability.

Since 2002, Thailand is no longer an Economic aid recipient. Instead, Thailand contributed $60 million in economic aid to the neighboring countries in 2005.

Foreign aid history 
During the Vietnam War period Thailand, along with other US allies such as Cambodia, received considerable amounts of US economic aid and military subsidies.

From the early 1980s onwards internal problems in Myanmar have led to large numbers of people seeking refuge in Thailand. Various agencies, including the European Commission's Humanitarian Aid department, have helped to assist the displaced people. 

Historically Thailand was one of the biggest recipients of Japanese overseas aid. The bulk of the aid took the form of loans for large-scale infrastructure projects.  Japan's government explained its relative generosity by citing friendly relations and Thailand's special problems arising from rapid growth, while some scholars have suggested that Japan's own business interests were the main motivation.

See also 
 SUMERNET

References

Thailand
Foreign relations of Thailand
Economy of Thailand
Aroche

Aroche () is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Huelva, Andalusia. According to the 2005 census, the town had a population of 3,319.

History 
Similarly to Moura and Serpa, Aroche and Aracena may have been conquered by the Order of the Hospital and incorporated to the Kingdom of Portugal during the reign of Sancho II, circa 1230–1233, although it has been suggested the Christian occupation may have had to wait to the void of Muslim power in the area caused by the Fall of Seville in the late 1240s. The area, occupied by Afonso III of Portugal by 1251, was theoretically granted together with Aracena to the Crown of Castile in 1253, although the effective and definitive transfer happened in 1267 as settled in Treaty of Badajoz. In fact, Afonso III granted Aroche a fuero in 1255.

Demographics

Gallery

References
Citations

Bibliography

External links
Aroche - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía

Municipalities in the Province of Huelva
Russula nobilis

Formerly Russula mairei (Singer), and commonly known as the beechwood sickener, the now re-classified fungus Russula nobilis (Velen.) is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Russula. This group of mushrooms are noted for their brittle gills and bright colours.

Taxonomy
It was previously named in honour of French mycologist René Maire by Rolf Singer in 1929, but found to be the same taxon as the earlier 1920 Russula nobilis, which has naming priority.

Description
The cap is a red or rosy colour, 3–6 cm wide, convex to flat, or slightly depressed, and weakly sticky. It peels only to a third of its radius, which reveals pink flesh. The flesh is firm and white or sometimes yellowish, smells of coconut, and tastes peppery. It is often damaged by slugs. The stem is 2–5 cm long, 1–1.5 cm wide, cylindrical, (firmer than its conifer dwelling namesake, Russula emetica), and white. The gills are narrowly spaced, adnexed, rounded, and white, often with a faint blue-green sheen. The spore print is white.

Distribution and habitat
The species is mycorrhizal with beech (Fagus) in woodland areas. It is widespread and common in Europe, Asia, and North America, where these trees grow.

Edibility
Russula nobilis is inedible, and probably poisonous in quantity, but not deadly. Many bitter tasting red-capped species can cause problems if eaten raw; the symptoms are mainly gastrointestinal in nature: diarrhoea, vomiting and colicky abdominal cramps. The active agent has not been identified but thought to be caused by chemical compounds known as sesquiterpenes, which have been isolated from the related genus Lactarius and from Russula sardonia.

See also
List of Russula species

References

 "Danske storsvampe.  Basidiesvampe" [a key to Danish basidiomycetes] J.H. Petersen and J. Vesterholt eds. Gyldendal. Viborg, Denmark, 1990.

External links 

nobilis
Inedible fungi
Fungi of North America
Fungi of Europe
Fungi of Asia
Fungi described in 1920
Taxa named by Josef Velenovský
Ayamonte

Ayamonte (; ) is a town and municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Huelva, Andalusia. It is located near the border with Portugal on the mouth of the Guadiana River. According to the 2015 census, the city had a population of 20,357 inhabitants.

History 
In the municipality are located parts of the megalithic site La Torre-La Janera which is assumed to date back to the 5th millennium BC. The town was seized away from Muslim control in 1240 during the reign of Sancho II of Portugal, and it was donated afterwards to the Order of Santiago. Ayamonte became part of the Crown of Castile in 1263.

Fishing and salting of tuna and sardine was already practised in Ayamonte since the Middle Ages. The town suffered due to the War with Portugal and the plague pandemics in the 17th century. In the following century, Catalans and other eastern merchants installed in the town and gave impetus to the local canning and salt industry.

Location
The township of Ayamonte preserves its old medieval quarter in the central district of the town, with many very narrow streets and historical buildings; this central area is a designated car-free zone.

The beach area of Ayamonte is Isla Canela and is reached by a causeway across the Marismas del Guadiana; the marismas (salt marshes) are a wildlife reserve, providing a home to many waterfowl, including herons and flamingos. Isla Canela is built along several kilometers of sandy beaches, and provides an area for windsurfing, kitesurfing and sailing. There are a number of golf courses in and around the area, including one built into the Marismas itself.

Transport 
The ferry link between Ayamonte and Vila Real de Santo António was the traditional crossing point between Spain and Portugal. A modern bridge over the Guadiana River has now been built to the north of the town, linking the motorway systems of both countries, but the ferry still runs and provides an inexpensive mode of transport between the two countries.

Culture 

The city is also famous for its local festivities, the "Fiestas de las Angustias", in honor of their patron "Nuestra Señora de las Angustias". The festivities in the beginning of September are a moment of celebration not only from the Ayamontin population, but also for many Andalucians, and Portuguese. The festivities are graced by the local band, "Banda Ciudad de Ayamonte" and the Portuguese "Banda da Sociedade Filarmónica Progresso e Labor Samouquense" from the Portuguese village of Samouco.

Climate 
Ayamonte has a Hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa) with mild, somewhat humid winters and dry, warm to hot summers. Autumn is the wettest season.

Demographics

People 
 Antonio León Ortega (1907–1991), Sculptor. He had his professional education in Madrid and he created a personal style in the Andalusian imagery of the 20th century.
 María Isabel, singer.

References

External links

Ayuntamiento de Ayamonte*** changed to www.ayamonte.es **
Ayamonte - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía

Municipalities in the Province of Huelva
Portugal–Spain border crossings
Environmental issues in Paraguay

Environmental issues in Paraguay include deforestation.

Between 1990 and 2000, Paraguay had an average deforestation rate of 1%. The rate increased between 2000 and 2005 to 1.92%. Paraguay also has a growing pollution problem. Many of the country's rivers suffer from toxic dumping. Tanneries are particularly harmful, releasing mercury and chromium into rivers and streams. Runoff from toxic chemicals used by farmers also seeps into Paraguay's waters. In the Chaco, the salination of already arid land makes farming even more difficult. Furthermore, poachers have almost 
Paraguay had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.39/10, ranking it 74th globally out of 172 countries.

References

Issues
Paraguay
Environmental crime
San Felice del Molise

San Felice del Molise (also called Filić or Štifilić) is a small town and comune in the province of Campobasso in the Molise region of Italy, near the Trigno river.

Like Acquaviva Collecroce and Montemitro, San Felice del Molise is home to a community of Molisian Croats, most of whom speak a particular Croatian dialect (they call it simply naš jezik, 'our language') as well as Italian and Molisian.

Main sights include the Norman Chapel of S. Felice and the church of Santa Maria di Costantinopoli.

See also
 Molise Croats

International relations

 
San Felice del Molise is twinned with:

  Omiš, Croatia

References

External links
UNESCO Red Book on endangered languages and dialects: Europe

Cities and towns in Molise
Beinsdorp

Beinsdorp () is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Haarlemmermeer, and lies about  southwest of Hoofddorp along the Ringvaart, adjacent to Hillegom. Beinsdorp is named after a former island in the former Haarlemmer Lake.

The village was first mentioned in 1851 as Beinsdorp, and means "Ben's village".

Gallery

References

External links

Populated places in North Holland
Haarlemmermeer
Russula ochroleuca

Russula ochroleuca is a member of the genus Russula. A group that have become known as brittlegills. It has been commonly known as the common yellow russula for some years, and latterly the ochre brittlegill. It is widespread, and common in mixed woodland.

Taxonomy
Russula ochroleuca was first noted and named as a species of Agaricus by the pioneering South African mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1801.

Description
The cap is dull yellow and  wide, initially convex, later flat, or slightly depressed. The cap margin becomes furrowed when mature, and it is two-thirds peeling. The gills are white to greyish white, and are adnexed. The stipe is  long,  wide, cylindrical, white or later greyish. The taste is mild to moderately hot.

It could be confused with the similar-looking and much better tasting Russula claroflava.

Distribution and habitat
Russula ochroleuca grows in deciduous and coniferous forest, where it (at least in Northwestern Europe) is very common. In the USA it is fairly common under conifers; birch, and aspen in the Northern States.

Edibility
Although considered edible, it is not known as particularly tasty. It is mild to moderately hot.

See also
 List of Russula species

References

 "Danske storsvampe. Basidiesvampe" [a key to Danish basidiomycetes] J.H. Petersen and J. Vesterholt eds. Gyldendal. Viborg, Denmark, 1990. 

ochroleuca
Fungi described in 1801
Fungi of Europe
Taxa named by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon
William Bantom

Rev. William Bantom (born 1946?) was mayor of Cape Town from 1995 to 2000.

He became the city's first black mayor following the first non-racial local government elections in 1995.  He was forced to resign as mayor and expelled from the New National Party in 2000 after being caught downloading pornography from the internet.

He was a minister in the Church of the Nazarene.

References

Mayors of Cape Town
Living people
1940s births
Church of the Nazarene ministers
South African members of the Church of the Nazarene
National Party (South Africa) politicians