alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Om Tat Sat

Om Tat Sat (, ) is the group of three mantras in Sanskrit found in verse 17.23 of the Bhagavad 

"Om Tat Sat" is the eternal sound-pranava. "Om Tat Sat" represents the unmanifest and absolute reality. The word "reality" here means total existence. God, reality, existence, Para Brahman and the Absolute, are all synonymous terms pointing to one Supreme Being.

In the seventeenth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, from verses 23 to 28, Lord Krishna discussed the meaning and importance of the mantra Om Tat Sat. He said that Om Tat Sat is actually a threefold name of the Supreme Soul with which, at the start of the universe, the Brahman, Vedas and Yajna were made.The words “Om Tat Sat” have been declared as symbolic representations of the Supreme Absolute Truth, from the beginning of creation. From them came the priests, scriptures, and sacrifice. (17.23)
Therefore, when performing acts of sacrifice, offering charity, or undertaking penance, expounders of the Vedas always begin by uttering “Om” according to the prescriptions of Vedic injunctions. (17.24)

Persons who do not desire fruitive rewards, but seek to be free from material entanglements, utter the word “Tat” along with acts of austerity, sacrifice, and charity. (17.25)

The word “Sat” means eternal existence and goodness. O Arjun, it is also used to describe an auspicious action. Being established in the performance of sacrifice, penance, and charity, is also described by the word “Sat.” And so any act for such purposes is named “Sat.” (17.26-17.27)

O son of Pritha, whatever acts of sacrifice, charity, or penance are done without faith, are termed as “Asat.” They are useless both in this world and the next. (17.28)

Om 
Om is a symbolic representation of the impersonal aspect of God, the Supreme One. It refers to the formless Brahman and is the primordial sound that pervades creation.

Tat 
This word means everything belongs to God, and by keeping that in mind, the people seeking liberation selflessly do the yajna, tapas & dana without desire of any fruits of the actions.

Sat 
This word represents all the actions & duties which are performed with truthfulness and related to the eternal truth. It is also said the everything present in yajna, tapas & dana are considered as "Sat", as well as actions meant solely for the satisfaction of the Supreme.

References

Hindu mantras
Om mantras
The Queen of Sheba (1921 film)

The Queen of Sheba is a 1921 American silent drama film produced by Fox studios about the story of the ill-fated romance between Solomon, King of Israel, and the Queen of Sheba. Written and directed by J. Gordon Edwards, it starred Betty Blythe as the Queen and Fritz Leiber Sr. as King Solomon. The film is well known amongst silent film buffs for the risqué costumes worn by Blythe, as evidenced by several surviving stills taken during the production. Only a short fragment of the film survives.

Cast

Production
The film was originally intended for Theda Bara. However Bara chose not to renew her contract and, after making the ill-fated Kathleen Mavourneen, she all but retired from filmmaking. While making Mavourneen, construction began on sets for The Queen of Sheba. Not wanting it to go to waste, William Fox chose to put Betty Blythe in the role. The film became a hit but Blythe never matched its success with her later films.

The risqué costumes of Blythe made by Margaret Whistler (1888 - 1939), a former character actress who shifted to working in the wardrobe department, included see-through gossamer robes and one costume essentially consisting of strands of pearls. The topless scenes filmed for this movie were seen only in the European release versions.

Preservation
The film is presumed lost. A 1937 New Jersey vault fire destroyed most of the Fox silent film negatives and prints, and it is unlikely a copy of The Queen of Sheba still exists. However, in May 2011, a 17-second fragment was found, and initially mistakenly identified as from Cleopatra (1917), though comparison with stills from the movie have since led to it being identified correctly.

See also
List of incomplete or partially lost films
List of lost films
Nudity in film

References

External links

17 second fragment from the film at the Internet Archive
 of Fox Film fire facility in Little Ferry, New Jersey, in which the camera negative and last prints of The Queen of Sheba most likely perished
Foreign release lobby poster 

1921 films
Films about religion
American black-and-white films
American silent feature films
Films directed by J. Gordon Edwards
Films about Solomon
Fox Film films
Lost American films
Cultural depictions of the queen of Sheba
Silent American drama films
1921 drama films
1921 lost films
Lost drama films
1920s American films
Silent horror films
Wide Bay

Wide Bay may refer to:
Wide Bay, Papua New Guinea, a bay in New Britain
Wide Bay (Queensland), a bay in Australia
Division of Wide Bay, an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland 
Electoral district of Wide Bay, a former electorate of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland
Wide Bay–Burnett, a geographic region in Queensland
Auswide Bank formerly Wide Bay Bank
Mann Arts and Science Magnet Middle School

Horace Mann Arts and Sciences Magnet Middle School is a magnet middle school located in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States. It is part of the Little Rock School District. The school was named after educational reformer and Congressman Horace Mann.

History
The school was formerly known as the Horace Mann High School and the Horace Mann Junior High School. It was opened as an all-negro high school in 1955. In 1958 the United States district court declared it to be equal to the school designed for white high school children.

Interior Design Associates won a gold award for design excellence for its renovation of the school that was completed in 2004.

Notable alumni
 Chelsea Clinton
 Frank Scott Jr., politician
 Jefferson Thomas, activist

References

External links
 Official website

1955 establishments in Arkansas
African-American history in Little Rock, Arkansas
Schools in the Little Rock School District
Public middle schools in Arkansas
Educational institutions established in 1955
Education in Little Rock, Arkansas
Magnet schools in Arkansas
Historically segregated African-American schools in Arkansas
Diem

Diem may refer to:

Latin phrases
, a Latin phrase meaning "seize the day"
, meaning "per day"
, a legal term meaning "from day to day"

People
Diem Brown (1980–2014), American television personality and journalist
Carl Diem (1882–1962), originator of the Olympic torch relay
Ngo Dinh Diem (1901–1963), Vietnamese leader assassinated in a military coup
Ryan Diem (born 1979), American football player

Other uses
Diem (digital currency) (2019-2022), a digital currency formerly proposed by Facebook
DiEM25, Democracy in Europe Movement 2025
Diem or Didam, a town in the Netherlands

Surnames from given names
Miss World Canada

The Miss World Canada contest is a Beauty pageant held annually in different incarnations since 1957 to select Canada's representative to the Miss World contest. In 2017 MTC-W Inc. obtained the exclusive rights to send the Canadian representative to Miss World, chaired since 2016 by former Miss World Canada 1996 Michelle Weswaldi. The annual pageant is held each summer in Toronto, Ontario, but in 2020 the national competition was held on November 7. 

In 2020, was integrated for the first time the head-to-head challenge competition as part of the Miss World Canada 2020 selection process, where all the 44 candidates faced off in an interview round hosted by the former Mr. World Canada 2012, Frankie Cena, and the first winner ever in Canada is Aiona Santana. The 70th Miss World Final will be held on December 16, 2021 at the José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Toni-Ann Singh of Jamaica will crown her successor at the end of the event.

Representatives to Miss World
Color key

Winners by Province

Representatives to Miss Supranational
Color key

Winners by Province

Representatives to Miss Grand International

Color key

Winners by Province

See also
Miss Canada
Miss Universe Canada
Miss Earth Canada
Miss BC World

References

External links
Miss World Canada The Official Site

Canada
Miss World Canada
Canada
1957 establishments in Canada
Canadian awards
Recurring events established in 1957
Beauty pageants in Canada
Charles Guillimin

Charles Guillimin (1676 – February 27, 1739) was a Canadian entrepreneur.

Guillimin arrived in New France in the late 17th century with enough capital to pursue a number of enterprises, including ship building, outfitting of ships, and a variety of mercantile endeavours. In 1712, he loaned the king's treasury a large sum of money to avert a financial crisis.

Guillimin had numerous close ties within the Canadian business community both through marriage and business connections. His largesse of 1712 brought recognition by his installation as a councillor in the Conseil Supérieur of New France. He was singled out for praise by Governor Charles de Beauharnois and Intendant Gilles Hocquart. His fortune disappeared later in life.

References

External links
 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1676 births
1739 deaths
Businesspeople from Quebec
People of New France
Morongo Basin

The Morongo Basin is an endorheic basin and valley region located in eastern San Bernardino County, in Southern California.

The Morongo basin is part of the Inland Empire region,  and is considered to be the easternmost portion of the Greater Los Angeles Area, the 2nd largest metropolitan region in the United States.

Geography 

The drainage basin stretches approximately from the Little San Bernardino Mountains north of Interstate 10 in the south, to the Interstate 40 area in the north. Lying within the Mojave Desert, the Morongo Basin is east of the city of San Bernardino and San Bernardino Mountains, and north of the Coachella Valley and Colorado Desert.

The Morongo Basin is located within the Mojave Desert and in the High Desert region of Southern California. The area's elevation can range from  in Twentynine Palms, to  in Yucca Valley.  The higher sections of Joshua Tree National Park are within the basin.

The terrain in the area is a desert landscape of hills and alluvial fans framed by mountain ranges.

Natural history
The Mojave yucca (Yucca schidigera) (namesake of Yucca Valley) and the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) (namesake of Joshua Tree city and park) are notable native plants in the region.

The basin's habitats are home to Black-tailed jackrabbits, coyotes, and the Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus).

Cities and Communities

Over 15,000 
Yucca Valley
Twentynine Palms

Under 15,000 
Landers 
Pioneertown 
Joshua Tree 
Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms
Wonder Valley

Climate 

The climate is arid desert. Hot, dry summers; cool winters with cold mornings and occasional snow and rain showers. Snow falls in areas above  in elevation.

Local attractions 
Joshua Tree National Park supports most of the tourism to the Morongo Basin and Morongo Valley.
Sand to Snow National Monument surrounds the Morongo Valley on all sides.
Pioneertown Mountains Preserve
The Pacific Crest Trail passing through it and the San Gorgonio Wilderness area of the San Bernardino National Forest, between the peak and Morongo Basin.
Mount San Gorgonio rising above the basin on the west, the highest point in Southern California.
Integratron

Education 
The Morongo Basin is home to the Morongo Unified School District, which serves all of the cities and communities in the area. Copper Mountain College is the only community college serving the Morongo Basin area, located in Joshua Tree.

The nearest four year public university is California State University, San Bernardino north of the city of San Bernardino in University Heights, California.

See also
Morongo Basin Transit Authority
Morongo desert snail
Mount San Gorgonio

Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve

References 

Geography of San Bernardino County, California
Inland Empire
Mojave Desert
Regions of California
Endorheic basins of the United States
Valleys of the Mojave Desert
Valleys of San Bernardino County, California
Sand to Snow National Monument
Twentynine Palms, California
Yucca Valley, California
Miss New Jersey USA

The Miss New Jersey USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of New Jersey in the Miss USA pageant. It is produced by D&D Productions.

New Jersey has yet to win the Miss USA title, although from 1989 to 1991 they had two 2nd runners-up and one 1st runner-up in a row.  Two years later, another Miss New Jersey USA placed in the finals, and in 2008, Tiffany Andrade finished as 2nd runner up, one of three Miss New Jersey USAs to place third at Miss USA. In the year 2017, 1st runner-up placement was achieved by Miss New Jersey USA 2017, Chhavi Verg. The most recent placement was Derby Chukwudi in 2023, placing Top 20.

Five Miss New Jersey USA titleholders have held the Miss New Jersey Teen USA title and two have competed at Miss America.

Derby Chukwudi of Hoboken was crowned Miss New Jersey USA 2023 on March 19, 2023. She will represent New Jersey for the title of Miss USA 2023.

Gallery of titleholders

Results summary

Placements
1st runners-up: Charlotte Ray (1991), Chhavi Verg (2017)
2nd runners-up: Deborah Lee Husti (1989), Karin Hartz (1990), Tiffany Andrade (2008)
Top 6: Amy Fissel (1993)
Top 10/12: Ruth Jane Hampton (1952), Cathy Russell (1975), Juanita McCarty (1977), Jennifer Makris (1997), Michelle Leonardo (2012), Alexa Noone (2018), Gina Mellish (2020)
Top 15/20: Evelyn Orowitz (1954), Dolores Winfield (1956), Sandy Chudy (1960), Diane Gierson (1961), Barbara Richartz (1964), Emily Shah (2014), Derby Chukwudi (2023)

New Jersey holds a record of 20 placements at Miss USA.

Awards
Miss Congeniality: Lisa Summeroury-Perry (1986), Charlotte Ray (1991)

Winners 
Color key

Note

References

External links
 Official Website

New Jersey
New Jersey culture
Women in New Jersey
1952 establishments in New Jersey
Recurring events established in 1952
Annual events in New Jersey
Self-focusing transducers

Acoustic waves emitted by ultrasonics transducer crystals exhibit a property known as self-focusing (or natural focusing).  Note that this is distinct from the electronically controlled focusing employed in diagnostic ultrasound devices which employ arrays of transducers.  The self-focusing effect exists even for a single crystal.

Self-focusing refers to the narrowing of the ultrasonic beam in the near-field. The effect occurs because,
if the ultrasound wave generated by the crystal is coherent,
the edges of the emitting surface generate wavelets that constructively interfere with the plane wave that is generated.

The volume near the transducer which exhibits this phenomenon is called the near field,
as opposed to the far field where wave intensity decays approximately exponentially.
The near-field size is usually approximated
by  where crystal diameter and wavelength of the emitted wave.
At the edge of the near-field, where the focusing reaches its maximum, the beam width reaches .
However, there exist techniques, such as apodization that may be used to reduce the near field size.

References

Ultrasound
Nondestructive testing
Alakh Niranjan

ALAKH NIRANJAN (अलख निरञ्जन) is a term used by Nath Yogis as a synonym for Creator, and to describe the characteristics of God and the Self, known as the Atman. ALAKH means "The one who can't be perceived" and NIRANJAN means "The one who is colourless".

The original Sanskrit term Alakhshya means "one that can not be perceived"

Alakh Niranjan murmu in Yoga tradition
Alakh means A-Lakhshana which means beyond identifying features (lakhshana) or attributes. It refers to Attributeless God or Nirguna Brahman in here. This idea comes from ancient Yoga traditions originating in Swetashwetara Upanishad. This particular Upanishad deals with Yoga, Vedantic Monotheism. It describes the Supreme Being as Sat-Chit-Ananda.
–
Legend has it, that the slogan or elating cry for the Supreme Being was first coined by Matsyendranath. Matsyendra is popularly regarded as the 'second Guru' of Nath Yoga Cult after Lord Shiva as Adinath. He first used the words "Alakh Niranjan murmu" to denote God as perceived by a Yoga adept in known history. His disciple is known as MahaYogi Gorakhnath, also known as Gorakshanath, without whose mention, Nath Yoga becomes unimaginable. It is Gorakhnath and Matsyendranath who popularised Kaya Sadhana throughout known limits of India and beyond.

Gorakhnath actually organised and assimilated most Yogis of the Hatha Yoga and Tantra Cult into the enormous Nath tradition. The city of Gorakhpur in North India is named after the legendary Yogi. 'Alakh Niranjan' became a very popular name for God all over India during and after Gorakhnath's time. Later first Sikh Guru, Nanak used this holy name to denote God.
 Famous works by Guru Matsyendranath: Kaulayogini Tantra.
 Guru Gorakhnath's celebrated works are Gorakhsha Samhita, Yoga-Bija.
 Guru Nanak's works include Japji Sahib.

ADESH ADESH – 
Whenever Yogis or Nath-Yogis meet, they greet each other with the salutation “Adesh-Adesh!” Gorakshanath the Maha Yogi wrote:Aatmetu paramaatmeti jiivatmeti vicaaraneTrayaanaam aikya-samshutir asdes’s iti kiirtitahIn our relative thought we distinguish between Atman, Paramatman, and Jiva.The Truth is that these three are one and a realization of it is called Adesha.''

Thus the yogi in his contact with others expressed only the simple truth in the words, “Adesh-Adesh!” It is a foundation stone on which all spiritual light and attainment must be erected. It is the first truth to attain the First Lord

Film adaptions
Alakh Niranjan was adapted into Indian films in 1940, 1950, and in 1975 by Babubhai Mistry.

References

Nirguna worship traditions
Religious terminology
Sikh terminology
Hindi words and phrases
Hindu philosophical concepts
Martin Hardin

Martin Hardin may refer to:

 Martin D. Hardin (1780-1823), United States senator from Kentucky
 Martin Davis Hardin (1837–1923), brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War; grandson of the U.S. senator
Custos Rotulorum of the East Riding of Yorkshire

This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of the East Riding of Yorkshire.

 Sir William Babthorpe bef. 1544–1555
 Christopher Estoft bef. 1558–1566
 John Vaughan bef. 1573–1577
 Ralph Rokeby 1577 – aft. 1584
 Thomas Knyvet, 1st Baron Knyvet bef. 1594 – aft. 1608
 Sir William Constable, 1st Baronet bef. 1621–1626
 Sir William Alford 1626 – aft. 1636
 Sir William Strickland, 1st Baronet 1642–1646
Interregnum
Sir John Hotham, 2nd Baronet 1660–1680
John Sheffield, 3rd Earl of Mulgrave 1680–1682
Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset 1682–1687
John Sheffield, 3rd Earl of Mulgrave 1687–1689
Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds 1689–1699
John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle 1699–1711
Peregrine Osborne, 2nd Duke of Leeds 1711–1715
Rich Ingram, 5th Viscount of Irvine 1715
Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington 1715–1721
William Pulteney 1721–1728
For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire.

References
Institute of Historical Research - Custodes Rotulorum 1544-1646
Institute of Historical Research - Custodes Rotulorum 1660-1828

Yorkshire
Timbertown

Timbertown is a popular attraction, depicting the colonial era of a sawmiller's village in northern New South Wales. It is located on 39 hectares (87 acres) of coastal blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) forest on the Oxley Highway at Wauchope in Australia. Timbertown is an interactive museum which has enjoyed periodic success as a family-friendly tourist attraction. The Mayor of Timbertown is Marcel Rigmond. The Timbertown log, that used to be located in front of the museum, is now located directly across from an IGA.

Timbertown was officially opened by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Arthur Roden Cutler on 28 May 1977.

Attractions

The key attraction of Timbertown is the 595mm narrow gauge Timbertown Heritage Railway, with a John Fowler & Co. saddle tank 0-4-2t steam locomotive (“Ruby”) built in 1928, that operates on a short circuit track within and around the town.

There are also several businesses operating including a blacksmith, timber furniture, winery, and Wallaces Store with souvenirs and confectionery.

The Maul and Wedge serves meals in school holidays & public holidays and is available for hire for private functions.

Local artisans offer both local woodwork, artwork and craft items.

There are some interactive displays throughout the day featuring:
 Cross cut saw demonstrations 
 Horse and carriage rides
 Steam locomotive rides
 Miniature railway rides
 Blacksmithing demonstrations
 Panning for gold
 Seasonal-limited time Thomas the Tank Engine

Former attractions
 Bullocky team

Fun facts
 In 2008, Timbertown won the Mid North Coast Tourism Award for Business Excellence.

References

External links
Step back in time at Timbertown
Visit NSW Government Tourist website

2 ft gauge railways in Australia
Forestry museums
Forestry in Australia
Museums in New South Wales
Open-air museums in Australia
Railway museums in New South Wales
Wauchope, New South Wales
Gwydir

Gwydir  may refer to:

Australia
Division of Gwydir, electoral division
Gwydir by-election, 1989
Gwydir Highway, New South Wales
Gwydir River, New South Wales
Gwydir Shire, New South Wales
Gwydir Wetlands, New South Wales

United Kingdom
Gwydir Castle, Conwy, Wales
Gwydir Forest, Conwy, Wales
Gwydyr House, Whitehall, London
Gwydyr Mansions, Hove, East Sussex
 Gwydir Street, a residential terraced street constructed in 1863 in Cambridge
 Gwydir Cottage, a Grade II listed property in Sidmouth, Devon

See also
Baron Gwydyr, an extinct title in the Peerage of Great Britain
Miss New Mexico USA

The Miss New Mexico USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of New Mexico in the Miss USA pageant. It is directed by Laura's Productions based in El Paso, Texas.

New Mexico achieved many placements in the 1960s to the '80s and produced one Miss USA, Mai Shanley in 1984. The most recent placement was Bianca Wright in 2023, placing in the Top 20.

Bianca Wright of Anthony, New Mexico was crowned as Miss New Mexico USA 2023 on June 4, 2023 at the NMSU Center for the Arts in Las Cruces. She will represent New Mexico for the title of Miss USA 2023.

Results summary
Miss USA: Mai Shanley (1984)
1st runners-up: Brenda Denton (1985), Alejandra Gonzalez (2019)
2nd runners-up: Judith Baldwin (1965)
4th runners-up: Bonnie Tafoya (1968), Marlena Garland (1978)
Top 5: Michelle Rios (1999)
Top 10/11/12: Donna Reel (1972), Jonelle Bergquist (1976), Denise Funderburk (1977), Kathy Dawn Patrick (1980), Kriston "Kiki" Killgore (1987), Alina Ogle (2003), Suzanne Perez (2022)
Top 15/16/20: Joan Schwartz (1955), Sandra Fullingim (1963), Mary Gard (1969), Jenna Hardin (2004), Brittany Toll (2011), Bianca Wright (2023)
New Mexico holds a record of 20 placements at Miss USA.

Awards
Miss Photogenic: Michele Sandoval (1979)
Best State Costume: Kriston "Kiki" Killgore (1987)
People's Choice & Fan Favorite: Brittany Toll (2011)

Winners 
Color key

References

External links
Official website

New Mexico
New Mexico culture
Women in New Mexico
Recurring events established in 1952
1952 establishments in New Mexico
William Lowe (cricketer)

William Walter Lowe (17 November 1873 – 26 May 1945) was an English first-class cricketer. He was a Cambridge University and Worcestershire all-rounder who bowled right-arm fast and batted right-handed, generally in the lower middle order.

Life and career
Born in Stamford, Lincolnshire, the sixth son of John Rooe Lowe and his wife Mary Ann Laws, Lowe was educated at Malvern College and Pembroke College, Cambridge. He then returned to Malvern as an assistant master, becoming later a house master. He taught at Malvern from 1896 to 1932. 

Lowe died in Hartley Wintney, Hampshire, at the age of 71.

Cricket
Lowe made his first-class debut for Cambridge against Somerset in 1895. He finished the English season with 309 runs at 30.90 and 31 wickets at 25.32, including 5-48 in the University Match against Oxford University, and was invited to join F Mitchell's XI on a tour of North America that autumn. It was while there that Lowe recorded his best bowling figures, taking 6-15 against the Philadelphians.

On his return to England, Lowe played three times for Cambridge in 1896, but was then out of the game until August 1899 when he joined Worcestershire in the county's maiden first-class season. The highlight of his summer was undoubtedly the unbeaten 102 he hit against Derbyshire, when he added 87 in barely half an hour with Robert Burrows for the ninth wicket to set up a crushing innings win, one of only two County Championship wins by the county all season.

The following year Lowe made ten appearances for Worcestershire, passing 500 first-class runs for the only time in his career, and in 1901 he averaged nearly 42 with the bat and made his highest score of 154 against Leicestershire; the innings took only 150 minutes and remains (as of 2009) the highest score for Worcestershire in first-class cricket for a man batting at seven.
However, his form trailed off and after 1902 he dropped out of the first-class game, though he did have a brief and unsuccessful comeback in 1910 and 1911; his only wicket in his last year being that of Test all-rounder Len Braund.

Association football
Lowe played soccer for the Corinthian Football Club, from 1895 to 1900. In other sports, he was noted also for golf and skating.

Notes

References
 
 

English cricketers
Cambridge University cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
1873 births
1945 deaths
People from Stamford, Lincolnshire
People educated at Malvern College
Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Permanent way (disambiguation)

Permanent way is the tracks, ballast, subgrade and lineside structure of a railway, see:

 Track (rail transport), description of contemporary permanent way structures and methods
 Permanent way (history), a history of permanent way in the UK

Other uses
 Permanent Way Institution
 The Permanent Way, a play by David Hare about the privatisation of Britain's railways
 "Permanent way" is an important road in the novel Absolution Gap by Alastair Reynolds
Grand Valley Lanthorn

The  Grand Valley Lanthorn is the student-run newspaper for Grand Valley State University in Allendale, Michigan. The Lanthorn is printed twice weekly, on Mondays and Thursdays during the academic year (Late August through April).  It is not printed over academic breaks, and there are typically two issues over the summer months. The "Lanthorn" prints 8,000 copies per individual publication and also operates its own website.

The word "lanthorn" is derived from an old English word meaning "look out" or "lantern." A lanthorn was constructed of leather and a lens made of ox or steer horn, it was used for lighting or as a beacon.  The common pronunciation of the word on campus is lan-thorn, although the proper pronunciation is lant-horn.

History
The Grand Valley Lanthorn first traces its history back to November 22, 1963, with the founding of at the time Grand Valley State College's first student-run newspaper, "The Keystone". The Keystone did not last long however, and had its last edition published on January 22, 1966. It was then replaced by GVSC's second newspaper, "The Valley View", on October 28, 1966 until its last publication on June 6, 1968.

In October 1968, the college changed the name again, this time to "The Lanthorn". The internet edition of the newspaper, www.lanthorn.com, appeared in 1995, and was the first online edition of a weekly Michigan collegiate newspaper. The Lanthorn grew to broadsheet size on August 27, 1997 and averaged 20–24 pages in length each week.

On January 13, 2000, the newspaper changed its name for the last time to the "Grand Valley Lanthorn". The GVL expanded to publications twice per week circulating 8,000 copies per publication to both the Allendale and Grand Rapids campuses. Although GVSU is a Division II athletics school, the newspaper competes at the Division I level for the Michigan College Press Association Awards.

Controversy
The Lanthorn has been involved in several controversies over its history, including a First Amendment lawsuit when the Ottawa County, Michigan sheriff's department closed down the newspaper in 1969 for printing several vulgar words.  GVSU sued the sheriff, and eventually, the Michigan Attorney General sided with the university in order to settle the case before it reached a court.

In 2008, a new county-wide smoking ban was established, which prohibited smoking within 25 feet of building entrances. When the Lanthorn's News Editor, Michelle Hamilton, questioned school officials about ash trays kept at building entrances, which defied the ban, she was told, "As it relates to this ordinance, Grand Valley State University is subject to its own jurisdiction pursuant to the Michigan Constitution. In other words, we are responsible for making our own smoking policies." Hamilton wrote additional stories and follow-up that led to statewide publicity on the matter and Grand Valley State University eventually created a forum to implement new smoking policies.

References

External links
Grand Valley Lanthorn website

Student newspapers published in Michigan
Grand Valley State University
Allendale, Michigan
Emmy Clarke

Emmy Clarke (born September 25, 1991) is an American former actress.

Career
Clarke's first acting role was in the 2003 television film My House in Umbria, for which she won the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Movie, Miniseries, or Special – Supporting Young Actress  in 2004. Beginning with the season three episode "Mr. Monk and the Red Herring", Clarke had a recurring role on the TV series Monk as Julie Teeger, the daughter of Adrian Monk's second assistant Natalie. She also had a role in Fur, a film released on November 10, 2006.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1991 births
21st-century American actresses
American child actresses
American film actresses
American television actresses
Living people
Black Lotus Records

Black Lotus Records was an independent record label based in Greece that specialized in metal. After acquiring licenses for several new artists, Black Lotus Records has filed for bankruptcy, resulting in an indefinite hold on all announced titles.

See also 
 List of record labels

References

External links

Greek independent record labels
Heavy metal record labels
Tigani

Tigani (Τηγάνι) is a small peninsula in the landscape of Mani in southern Greece. The name is Greek for "frying pan". Tigani is surrounded by the sea except for a narrow strip of land that connects to the mainland. The ruins of a probable medieval castle can be found there. Its position and its walls made it extremely hard to capture.

Megali Maina

Many historians believe that Tigani is the location of the castle Megali Maina (also called Grande Magne) because Tigani fits elements of historic descriptions of Megali Maina.

External links
 Where is the castle of the Grand Magne?
 Exploring mysterious Tigani (in German)

Peninsulas of Greece
Mani Peninsula
Landforms of Peloponnese (region)
Landforms of Laconia
Right on Track

Right on Track is a Disney Channel Original Movie. It was produced by Don Schain, directed by Duwayne Dunham, and written by Sally Nemeth and Bruce Graham. The movie debuted on March 21, 2003 on Disney Channel in the United States.

Plot 

Based on a true story about two sisters who came out on top of a man's sport, the story is based on Courtney and Erica Enders, two sisters who get into junior drag racing and make it all the way to the top. The two sisters fight a battle of fellow racers who are against having girls race with them; therefore, it pushes them harder to compete against their competition. Erica becomes stressed when her racing life becomes mixed with her social life and academic goals, and decided to quit racing, until she realizes racing is what she truly wants to do. Finally towards the end of their teen years the Enders sisters come out on top to win the NHRA Junior Dragster national title. They continue to race throughout high school and college, and still do so today.

Cast
 Beverley Mitchell as Erica Enders
Ruby Chase O'Neil as Erica Enders, Age 4
Briana Shipley as Erica Enders, Age 8
 Brie Larson as Courtney Enders
Stefania Barr as Courtney Enders, Age 4
 Jon Lindstrom as Gregg Enders 
 Jodi Russell as Janet Lee Enders 
 Marcus Toji as Randy Jones
Lenny Betancourt as Randy Jones, Age 9
 Eric Jacobs as Bailey Brother
 Janice Power as Art Teacher
 J. Scott Bronson as Father (as Scott Bronson)
 Joey Miyashima as Mr. Jones 
 Radley Dutson as Jordy Knowlton 
 William Osborn as Rusty Knowlton
 Teresa Richardson as Volleyball Coach

The Enders sisters also made appearances as driving and stunt doubles for Mitchell and Larson.

Legacy 

Erica turned professional in 2005, participating in the Pro Stock class of the NHRA Powerade Drag Racing Series, and on July 1, 2012, became the first woman to win in the class when she defeated Greg Anderson in a live televised final. Erica won the 2014 Pro Stock championship, defeating Jason Line in a winner-take-all final on November 16, 2014, at the NHRA Finals at Pomona. She was also named US "Racer of the Year" for 2014 by Autosport magazine.  Erica clinched her second consecutive Pro Stock championship on November 1, 2015, at The Strip at Las Vegas Motor Speedway. Erica won her 3rd World Championship in November 2019 beating Chris McGaha in round 2 of the AAA World Finals in Pomona, CA, and repeated the honour in 2020.

References

External links

Disney Channel Original Movie films
American auto racing films
Films set in Texas
2003 television films
2003 films
2003 drama films
Films about women's sports
Films directed by Duwayne Dunham
Drag racing
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
Shortland

The name Shortland may refer to a number of things:

Geography
 Shortland Island
 Shortland Islands
 Shortlands, a ward of the London Borough of Bromley
 Shortland, New South Wales
 Shortland's Bluff, an old name for Queenscliff, Victoria, Australia

People
Cate Shortland (born 1968), a writer and director of film and television.
Edward Shortland (1812–1893), doctor from New Zealand
John Shortland (Royal Navy officer) (1739–1803), Royal Navy officer and father of John Shortland
John Shortland (1769–1810), an explorer of Australia
Peter Shortland (1815-1888), Royal Navy officer and hydrographic surveyor
Ryan Shortland (born 1986), a rugby player
Willoughby Shortland (1804-1869), New Zealand's first Colonial Secretary

Other
Division of Shortland, an electoral division in Australia
Shortlands, an electoral division in Solomon Islands
Shortland Street, a New Zealand soap opera
Princess Dowager Helan

Princess Dowager Helan (賀蘭太后, personal name unknown) (351–396), formally Empress Xianming (獻明皇后, literally "the wise and understanding empress), was, according to official history of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty, the mother of the founding emperor Emperor Daowu (Tuoba Gui).  Her husband was Tuoba Gui's father Tuoba Shi (拓拔寔), the heir apparent of the Dai prince Tuoba Shiyijian (拓拔什翼犍).  (However, for reasons why this account may have its problems, see here -- in particular, note below with regard to description of the parentage of Tuoba Gu (拓拔觚).)

Dangerous times
Lady Helan was a daughter of the Helan tribal chief Helan Yegan (賀蘭野干), an important general under Tuoba Shiyijian.  Because of her beauty, Tuoba Shiyijian selected her to be the wife of his son Tuoba Shi.  In 371, when the general Baba Jin (拔拔斤) attempted to assassinate Tuoba Shiyijian, Tuoba Shi took the blunt of the assault personally to protect his father, and he died later that year.  After Tuoba Shi's death, Heiress Apparent Helan gave birth to Tuoba Gui.  In 377, after Tuoba Shiyijian was assassinated by his son Tuoba Shijun (拓拔寔君), Dai fell to Former Qin forces.  Initially, she took Tuoba Gui to Helan tribe to be taken under the protection of her brother Helan Na (賀蘭訥), but later went to be under the protection of the Xiongnu chief Liu Kuren (劉庫仁).

Not much was known about Lady Helan or her son for a number of years.  In 384, after Former Qin had begun to collapse in light of its defeat at the Battle of Fei River, Liu Kuren tried to aid the Former Qin prince Fu Pi, but was assassinated by his own general Muyu Chang (慕輿常).  His son Liu Xian (劉顯) later tried to kill Tuoba Gui, but Lady Helan heard the news and allowed her son to flee.  Later, both were again at Helan tribe, when similarly her brother Helan Rangan (賀蘭染干) tried to kill Tuoba Gui, but stopped after she interceded.

Seat of power
After Tuoba Gui redeclared the Dai state as its prince with Helan Na's support in 386 and later changed the state's name to Wei, Lady Helan was honored as princess dowager.  In 391, when Tuoba Gui sent his younger brother and her son Tuoba Gu as a messenger to Later Yan to pay tribute, Tuoba Gu was detained by Later Yan, and it was said that she grew ill from her worries for him.  She died in 396.  (The problem with this account is that if Tuoba Shi had died before Tuoba Gui's death, than she could not have had an even younger son by him—but of course, she might have married another member of the Tuoba clan, perhaps Tuoba Shi's younger brother Tuoba Han (拓拔翰), for Tuoba Gu was also referred to as the younger brother of Tuoba Han's son Tuoba Yi (拓拔儀).)  After Tuoba Gui declared himself emperor around the new year 399, he posthumously honored Tuoba Shi as an emperor and her as an empress.

Northern Wei people
351 births
396 deaths
Northern Wei posthumous empresses
Yeshashework Yilma

Princess Yeshashework Yilma (died 1982) was the daughter of Dejazmatch Yilma Makonnen, governor of Harar and niece of Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia.  Her mother Woizero Aselefech Wolde Hanna was the niece of Empress Taitu Bitul, consort of Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia. Through her paternal great-grandmother, she was a member of the Imperial Solomonic dynasty of Ethiopia. Her father died while she was still very young.

Yeshashework was raised in the Imperial Palace nursery alongside other children of royal blood during the reign of Menelik II, such as Lij Iyasu. Shortly after her uncle Ras Taffari Makonnen became Crown Prince and Regent of Ethiopia in 1917, Yeshashwork was given in marriage to the much older Leul Ras Gugsa Araya Selassie, Prince of Eastern Tigray, and grandson of Emperor Yohannes IV.  As the wife of Leul Ras Gugsa, she was given the title of "Leult" (Princess) by Empress Zauditu, with the dignity of "Her Highness".  Ras Gugsa died not long afterwards, and the widowed Princess returned to Addis Ababa from Mekele.  In 1930, her uncle became Emperor Haile Selassie, and she was granted the title of Princess in her own right with the dignity of "Her Imperial Highness" as the daughter of his elder brother. Princess Yeshashework's second husband, Bitwoded Makonnen Demissew, perished at Amba Aradam while fighting the Italian invasion of 1936.

The Princess accompanied the rest of the Imperial family into exile, living primarily in Jerusalem until 1941. After the restoration, Princess Yeshashework married Ras Bitwoded Makonnen Endelkachew, head of the powerful aristocratic Adisge clan. He was a veteran of the war and a fellow former exile, who became the first Prime Minister of Ethiopia. It was an unarranged love match, a rarity at that time in Ethiopian aristocratic marriages.

Widowed for a third and final time in 1963, the Princess spent some time in seclusion in the Holy Land, and returned to take up some state duties as a member of the Imperial family, accompanying the Emperor on some foreign trips, and being part of the royal party at state functions inside the country as well.  Along with other senior royal women, she often acted as an official hostess for her uncle the Emperor.  She was arrested upon the seizure of power by the Derg regime 11 September 1974, and was imprisoned with the other women of the Imperial family. The Princess suffered poor health while in prison, but along with the other women was denied medical care. She died a few months after her release from prison in 1982 and was buried at the church at her former estate at Reppi, just south of Addis Ababa.

References 

1982 deaths
Ethiopian Royal Family
Year of birth missing
Big Bull

The Big Bull was a large (14 metres × 21 metres) Holstein bull fibreglass model located near Wauchope, New South Wales, Australia. When open, it contained a gift shop on the ground floor and a beef display.

It was located just off the Oxley Highway between Wauchope and the Pacific Highway. The structure was torn down in October 2007.

The Big Bull notably had a swinging set of testicles.

See also

Australia's big things
List of world's largest roadside attractions
Timbertown

References

External links
Australian Big Things

Big things in New South Wales
Animal sculptures in Australia
Cattle in art
Concrete sculptures in Australia
2007 disestablishments in Australia
Berakhot

Berakhot, Brachot, or Brochos may refer to:

 Berakhah, a Jewish benediction
Any one of the various benedictions; see List of Jewish prayers and blessings
 Tractate Berakhot of the Talmud, which discusses benedictions, among other topics

See also
 V'Zot HaBerachah, the last of the weekly Torah portions

Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish prayers and blessings
Hans Edmund Wolters

Hans Edmund Wolters (11 February 1915 – 22 December 1991) was a German ornithologist from Duisburg. In 1960, he became an associate member of the Alexander Koenig Zoological Research Institute and Museum in Bonn. He became head of the museum's Department of Ornithology in 1973. He was one of the first European ornithologists to use a cladistic classification. This is reflected in his main work Die Vogelarten der Erde (The Bird Taxa of the World).

References

1915 births
1991 deaths
German ornithologists
People from Duisburg
Scientists from the Rhine Province
20th-century German zoologists
Betty Blythe

Betty Blythe (born Elizabeth Blythe Slaughter; September 1, 1893 – April 7, 1972) was an American actress best known for her dramatic roles in exotic silent films such as The Queen of Sheba (1921). She appeared in 63 silent films and 56 sound films over the course of her career.

Early life
She was born Elizabeth Blythe Slaughter in Los Angeles, where she attended Westlake School for Girls and the University of Southern California. Betty had shortened her name to Betty Blythe when she and three other women posed for a photo shoot of the newest swim fashion for women, a bathing suit. Previously, women were expected to wear stockings with full dresses or skirts into the water.

Career

Blythe began her stage work in such theatrical pieces as So Long Letty and The Peacock Princess. She worked in vaudeville as the "California Nightingale" singing songs such as "Love Tales from Hoffman".

In 1915, she had an unbilled part in Bella Donna for Famous Players Film Company. After her first Vitagraph Studios role in the 1917 vehicle, she was given a leading role in the studio's 1918 film A Game with Fate.

As famous for her revealing costumes as for her dramatic skills, she became a star in such exotic films as The Queen of Sheba (1921) (in which she wore nothing above the waist except a string of beads), Chu-Chin-Chow (made in 1923; released by MGM in the US 1925) and She (1925). She was seen to good advantage in films like Nomads of the North (1920) with Lon Chaney and In Hollywood with Potash and Perlmutter (1924), produced by Samuel Goldwyn. Other roles were as an opera star, unbilled, in Garbo's The Mysterious Lady. She continued to work as a character actress. One of her later roles was a small, uncredited role in a crowd scene in 1964's My Fair Lady.

Personal life
Blythe was married to the movie director Paul Scardon from 1919 until his death in 1954. She reportedly made $3.5 million when she sold a section of land that is now part of the Sunset Strip. She lost her fortune in the 1929 stock market crash. 

She died of a heart attack in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California in 1972, aged 78. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.

Awards and memorials
For her contributions to the film industry, Betty Blythe has a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 1708 Vine Street.

Her name lives on through the Betty Blythe Vintage Tea Room in West Kensington, London, England.

Gallery

Filmography

References

Further reading

External links

Betty Blythe at Virtual History

1893 births
1972 deaths
Actresses from Los Angeles
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
Harvard-Westlake School alumni
University of Southern California alumni
20th-century American actresses
20th Century Studios contract players
Ma'aserot

Ma'aserot (, lit. "Tithes") is the seventh tractate of Seder Zeraim ("Order of Seeds") of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and the Jerusalem Talmud. It discusses the types of produce liable for tithing as well as the circumstances and timing under which produce becomes obligated for tithing. In Biblical times, during each of the six years of the cycle, "Maaser Rishon" was given to Levites as 10% of an individual's crop. "Maaser Sheni" was separated in the first, second, fourth and fifth year and is 10% of the crop remaining after "Maaser Rishon". It was brought to Jerusalem to be eaten there or was redeemed upon coins which were deconsecrated upon food in Jerusalem. The final category is "Maaser Ani" that is given to the poor in the third and sixth years.

Chapters
The treatise is divided into five chapters (three in the Tosefta). Its contents are summarized as follows:

Ch. 1: Whatever is edible, and is private property, and grows in the ground is subject to tithe. Plants that are edible while young as well as when full grown are subject to tithe before maturity (if any part of the crop is taken before maturity); but of plants that are not properly eatable before they reach a certain stage of ripeness one may eat, without separating the tithes, until they develop. The Mishnah then proceeds to designate the respective stages at which plants come under the general head of edibles and are consequently subject to tithe. As between picking for marketing and for domestic consumption a distinction is made: in the latter case one may use small quantities before bringing the mass under shelter.

Ch. 2-4: Under what circumstances a chaber may eat of the produce of an am ha'aretz without first separating the ma'aser. If a laborer, hired to assist in gathering figs, stipulates with his employer that he be allowed to eat of the fruit, he may eat without regard to tithing; but if his stipulation includes one of his dependents, or if he sends one of his dependents instead, the latter will not be privileged to partake of the fruit before the tithe is properly set aside. [The laborer is by law entitled to eat of the produce he handles, as a kind of charity.] After the crop reaches the employer's enclosed premises the laborer may eat thereof only if his employer has not promised to board him.

Ch. 5: Laws regarding cases in which one is required to pay tithes when he transplants vegetables; laws regarding the sale of crops to one who is suspected of non-observance; law regarding the paying of tithes in the case of vegetable fields purchased in Syria.

Related topics in other tractates
Ma'aser Sheni is the main topic, along with the laws of Reva'i, of the next tractate, "Ma'aser Sheni". Maaser Ani is discussed in Tractate "Pe'ah". The seventh year of the cycle is designated "Shemitta", and in that year there were no tithes given at all in the Land of Israel.

See also
Tithes in Judaism

References

External links
Full text of the Mishnah for tractate Ma'aserot on Sefaria (Hebrew and English)

Land of Israel laws in Judaism
Tithes in Judaism
Ma'aser Sheni

Ma'aser Sheni (Hebrew: מעשר שני, lit. "Second Tithe") is the eighth tractate of Seder Zeraim ("Order of Seeds") of the Mishnah and of the Talmud. It concerns the second tithe obligation as well as the laws of Revai.

External links
Full text of the Mishnah for tractate Ma'aser Sheni on Sefaria (Hebrew and English)

Land of Israel laws in Judaism
Tithes in Judaism