alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Winter of 1886–1887

The winter of 1886–1887, also known as the Big Die-Up, was extremely harsh for much of continental North America, especially the United States. Although it affected other regions in the country, it is most known for its effects on the Western United States and its cattle industry. This winter marked the end of the open range era and led to the entire reorganization of ranching.

History
The summer of 1886 had been unusually hot and dry, with numerous prairie fires, and water sources often dried up. In the fall, signs of a harsh winter ahead began to appear. Birds began flying south earlier than usual, beavers were seen collecting more wood than normal for the winter ahead, and some cattle grew thicker and shaggier coats.

The first snows fell earlier than usual, in November, and were reported as some of the worst in memory. Extreme cold killed humans and animals. Some people got lost near their houses and froze to death very near their front doors. The winter weather even reached the West Coast, with snowfall of 3.7 inches in downtown San Francisco setting an all-time record on February 5, 1887.

The loss of livestock was not discovered until spring, when many cattle carcasses were spread across the fields and washed down streams. The few remaining cattle were in poor health, emaciated and suffering from frostbite. This resulted in the cattle being sold for much less, in some cases leading to bankruptcy.

Future president Theodore Roosevelt's cattle ranch near Medora, Dakota Territory was among those hit hard by that winter. In a letter to his friend Henry Cabot Lodge, Roosevelt remarked "Well, we have had a perfect smashup all through the cattle country of the northwest. The losses are crippling. For the first time I have been utterly unable to enjoy a visit to my ranch. I shall be glad to get home."

See also
 Drift fence
 January 1886 blizzard
 Overgrazing
 Pastoral farming

References

Bibliography

External links 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1886 meteorology
1886 natural disasters
19th-century cold waves
1887 meteorology
1887 natural disasters
Winter 1886
1886 natural disasters in the United States
1887 natural disasters in the United States
American frontier
1886
Chilarai

Sukladhwaja (also Chilarai) (1510-1577AD), was the 3rd son of Biswa Singha, founder of the Koch Dynasty in the Kamata Kingdom and younger brother of Nara Narayan, the 2nd king of the Koch dynasty of the Kamata kingdom in the 16th century. He was Nara Narayan's commander-in-chief and chief Minister (Dewan) of the kingdom. He got his name Chilarai because, as a general, he executed troop movements that were as fast as a chila (kite/Eagle).

Biography
Chilaray was the third son of Biswa Singha (1515–1540). 

It was only due to his royal patronage that Sankardeva was able to establish the ekasarana-namadharma in Assam and bring about his cultural renaissance. Several rulers, namely the then king of Manipur and the Khasi tribal chief (Viryyavanta), submitted to Chilaray. Chilaray and his army also vanquished and killed the Jaintia king, and kings of Tippera (Tripura) and Sylhet. Chilaray is said to have never committed brutalities on unarmed common people, and even those kings who surrendered were treated with respect. He was harsh to kings and soldiers who refused to surrender, but neither him nor his brother ever annexed territories or oppressed the common people. They only collected tributes from the vanquished kings. They even treated enemy prisoners kindly, and gave them land-grants to settle.

The duo (Chilaray and Nara Narayan) turned towards Bengal, but unforeseen circumstances led to Chilaray's capture by the Afghan Sultan Sulaiman Khan Karrani, while Naranarayan retreated to his capital. Much of the Koch kingdom was then captured by the Afghans.

Chilaray died in 1577 of small pox on the bank of Ganges.

Bir Chilaray Divas
The birth anniversary of Mahabir Chilaray is organised by Government of Assam annually from 2005. The Government also declares this day as state holiday. It is celebrated on the Purnima of Phagun Maah of Hindu Calendar.

Bir Chilaray award
The Directorate of Cultural Affairs, Government of Assam instituted these awards in 2005. Theycomprise a shawl, a citation, and a cash award of Rs. 100,000

Notes

References

 
 
 
 

16th-century Indian people
People from Assam
Isaac Daniel Hooson

Isaac Daniel Hooson (2 September 1880 – 18 October 1948), or I. D. Hooson as he was commonly known, was a Welsh solicitor and poet.

Hooson was born to parents Edward Hooson and his wife Harriet in Victoria House, Market St. in the village of Rhosllannerchrugog, Wrexham, Wales. He was educated at the Rhos board school and Ruabon grammar school. His grandfather was one of a group of lead miners who left Cornwall for Wales and settled in Flintshire. Isaac's father Edward moved to Rhosllannerchrugog from Holywell, Flintshire, as an apprentice grocer and, later, set up his own grocers and drapery shop in Rhos.

During his lifetime he published only one collection, Cerddi a Baledi, written in the years 1930-36 and published in 1936, but a second collection of his work, Y Gwin a Cherddi Eraill, was published after his death in 1948. Hooson is best known for his poems written for children and he also wrote a Welsh language adaptation of The Pied Piper of Hamelin under the title Y Fantell Fraith in 1934.

In compliance with his wishes I. D. Hooson's ashes were scattered above the eastern end of Panorama Walk in the vale of Llangollen where a stone memorial stands in his memory. The monument is easily accessed by pathway leading northwestwards from a small roadside parking area [Grid ref: SJ 2471 2480] just west of the cattle grid. Ysgol I D Hooson, in Rhosllanerchrugog, is a Welsh-language school named after the poet.

References

1880 births
1948 deaths
Welsh solicitors
Welsh lawyers
People from Rhosllanerchrugog
People educated at Ruabon Grammar School
20th-century Welsh poets
20th-century Welsh lawyers
Six/Nine

Six/Nine is the eighth studio album by the Japanese rock band Buck-Tick. It was released in a clear purple case on May 15, 1995, through Victor Entertainment. 

It peaked at number one on the Oricon chart. It was certified gold in the same month and sold over 240,760 copies in the first year. The album was digitally remastered and re-released on September 19, 2002, with a bonus track. The album remastered once again and released on September 5, 2007, in a clear red case.

The single "Uta" is band's 2nd best-selling single, with over 200,000 copies sold.

Issay (Der Zibet) provides vocals for "Itoshi no Rock Star".

Controversy
The hard-industrial rock song "Rakuen (Inori Koinegai)" (4:48) was released as a B-side of single "Kodou". It also has a music video, but the accompanied version was from the studio album (4:37) which oriental composition and arrangement is in instrumental-acoustic style. During the tours the band usually performed the original rock version. 

Sakurai's lyrics are socially conscious and critical of the people seeing the political and war situation in the Middle East. They talk how in a country/garden of love and peace (Garden of Eden) suddenly there is bloodshed, children of God kill each other with gunfire, but on the TV it is showcased as a melodrama while "I" (Sakurai, in other sense, the listener/viewer) is indifferent, pretends to show tears and shuts their eyes (willful blindness).

The song caused controversy because some of the lyrics were lifted from the Quran and later the album was re-issued with the offending part removed by November 1995 in a clear case.

Track listing

Personnel
 Atsushi Sakurai - lead vocals, saxophone
 Hisashi Imai - lead guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Aikawarazu no "Are" no Katamari ga Nosabaru Hedo no Soko no Fukidamari"
 Hidehiko Hoshino - rhythm guitar, keyboards, backing vocals
 Yutaka Higuchi - bass
 Toll Yagami - drums, percussion

Additional performers
 Susanne Bramson - backing vocals
 Aska Strings - violin
 Kazutoshi Yokoyama - keyboards
 Issay - vocals on "Itoshi no Rock Star"

Production
 Hitoshi Hiruma; Gary Stout - producers, recording, mixing
 Hisashi Imai; Buck-Tick - producers
 Takafumi Muraki; Osamu Takagi - executive producers
 Hirohito Fujishima; Shinichi Ishizuka - engineers
 Kenichi Arai; Hiroshi Tanigawa - assistant engineers
 Kazushige Yamazaki - mastering
 Ken Sakaguchi - graphic design
 Robert Longo - cover art
 M-Hasui - photography

References

External links
 
 
 

1995 albums
Buck-Tick albums
Japanese-language albums
Victor Entertainment albums
Dunfermline Queen Margaret railway station

Dunfermline Queen Margaret railway station is a railway station in the city of Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Fife Circle Line,  north of . The station takes its name from the nearby Queen Margaret Hospital. It is the longest railway station name in Scotland.

History 
The station was opened on 26 January 2000 by Railtrack and the former National Express franchisee, ScotRail. It is located at the east side of the former triangular junction formed by Touch North, Touch South and Townhill Junctions (where the now closed Stirling and Dunfermline Railway to Stirling via Alloa diverged), and serves the eastern side of Dunfermline. Passengers can only purchase tickets using a machine at the station. There is no ticket office or newsagents and only a small covered waiting area, although there is a fairly large car park with 93 spaces and two electric vehicle charging points.

Services 
There is a half-hourly service to/from Edinburgh (southbound) & Cowdenbeath (northbound) with hourly extensions to  and back along the coast. An hourly service operates in the evening (to Glenrothes only) and on Sundays (full circular service northbound).

References

Bibliography 

 
 RAILSCOT on Dunfermline Branch of Edinburgh and Northern Railway

Railway stations in Dunfermline
Railway stations opened by Railtrack
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 2000
Railway stations served by ScotRail
2000 establishments in Scotland
Mado (fish)

The mado (Atypichthys latus), in New Zealand, or stripy or eastern footballer ,in Australia, is a species of sea chub found in inshore waters around southern Australia and the north eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand to depths of about , off headlands and offshore islands.  This species can reach a length of , though most do not exceed .  This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.

References

 
 Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand,  (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982) 

Mado
Fish described in 1916
I Want You Back (Mel B song)

"I Want You Back" is the debut solo single of British singer Melanie B, featuring American rapper Missy Elliott. It was released as a single from the soundtrack to the 1998 film Why Do Fools Fall in Love. After two years, the song was also included on Melanie B's debut album, Hot (2000). "I Want You Back" topped the UK Singles Chart on 20 September 1998.

Background
Melanie B recalled, "This was the first time I'd even considered doing anything by myself. I was on tour with the Spice Girls when Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott called me up and said 'Melanie, I've got a song for you, will you come and record it with me?' I checked it with the girls and within a month I was out there, I recorded it in a day, did the video, then came back. She's a genius!"

Music video
The video was directed by Hype Williams. The video uses the radio edit version of the song and the cover for the single is a still from the music video. The entire video is show with a green hue on screen with occasional use of red and blue, the video starts with Melanie and Missy singing the intro and as the first verse starts, Melanie is seen with her then-fiancée, Jimmy Gulzar, as she smacks, hits and teases him. Melanie is pregnant in the video. In the second verse Melanie is seen crawling on a table to meet Jimmy at the end for more teasing, wearing Gene Simmons-esque make-up. As the bridge comes on, Melanie is seen in a cage with Jimmy high in the air. Shots of Melanie, Missy, and back up dancers in cowboy hats are seen dancing as the video ends.

Track listings
UK CD and cassette single; Australian CD single
 "I Want You Back"  – 3:25
 "I Want You Back"  – 3:51
 "I Want You Back"  – 8:22

UK 12-inch single
A1. "I Want You Back"  – 8:22
B1. "I Want You Back"  – 8:17
B2. "I Want You Back"  – 3:51

European CD single
 "I Want You Back"  – 3:25
 "I Want You Back"  – 3:52

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

|}

Release history

References

1998 songs
1998 debut singles
Mel B songs
Missy Elliott songs
Music videos directed by Hype Williams
Songs written by Mel B
Songs written by Missy Elliott
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Virgin Records singles
Def Leppard discography

The English rock band Def Leppard have released 12 studio albums, four live albums, six compilation albums, and two extended plays. Def Leppard also have sold over 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling music artists of all time.

Def Leppard was formed in 1977 by vocalist Joe Elliott, bass player Rick "Sav" Savage, guitarist Pete Willis, and drummer Tony Kenning. They later released the EP The Def Leppard E.P. in 1979. The band signed with Mercury Records and released their debut full-length album On Through the Night. The band's follow up was High 'n' Dry, which reached number 26 in the UK and was certified platinum two times in the United States. Their next album, titled Pyromania, would be their big breakthrough album and would later sell more than 10 million copies in the United States alone.

After touring in support of Pyromania, the band released Hysteria which topped the American and British album charts and is their best-selling album worldwide, selling more than 12 million copies in the United States alone and over 25 million worldwide. Adrenalize, released in 1992, debuted at number one on the UK Album Chart and the US Billboard 200 and launched several successful singles, including "Let's Get Rocked" and "Make Love Like a Man" and went on to sell 8 million albums worldwide. In 1996, the band released its sixth studio album, Slang; while successful, the album could not reach the precedent set by Def Leppard's previous albums and was certified gold in the United States. After three years, Def Leppard released Euphoria, which is the band's last certified album by the RIAA, CRIA, and BPI.

At the start of the 21st century, the band released X. Four years later, Def Leppard released the studio/cover album, Yeah!, which included covers by Thin Lizzy and The Kinks. On 25 April 2008, the band released Songs from the Sparkle Lounge, which included the single "Nine Lives" featuring country singer Tim McGraw. The band released Mirrorball, its first live album, in 2011, which would be followed by another live album in 2013, Viva! Hysteria, featuring the Hysteria album played live in its entirety, from their Las Vegas residency at the Hard Rock Hotel. The band released a self-titled studio album on 30 October 2015. Seven years later, on 27 May 2022, Def Leppard released Diamond Star Halos.

In January 2022, it was announced that Primary Wave Music had acquired  an “additional” stake in Def Leppard's music publishing catalog, as well as the band's master royalty income stream.

Albums

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Live albums

Deluxe editions and box sets

† CD version only, all of the tracks on Rarities Volume Four are included in the vinyl version of Rarities Volume Three.

Extended plays

Singles

1979–1989

1992–2000

2002–2023

Videos

Music videos

Personnel

See also
List of glam metal albums and songs

Notes

References

Discography
Heavy metal group discographies
Discographies of British artists
Rosyth railway station

Rosyth railway station serves the town of Rosyth in Fife, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and lies on the Fife Circle Line,  north of .  It was opened in 1917 by the North British Railway (as Rosyth Halt) to serve the nearby naval dockyard.

Services

2011 
On Mondays to Saturdays during the daytime, there is generally a half-hourly service southbound to , and a half-hourly service northbound towards the centre of Dunfermline, continuing round the Fife Circle through , eventually coming back to Edinburgh Waverley. In the evenings the service is hourly in each direction and on Sundays two-hourly.

2016
The basic service remains unchanged on weekdays and Saturdays (half-hourly to Edinburgh and Cowdenbeath, with hourly extensions around the full Fife Circle), but there is now an hourly service each way on Sundays.

Upgrade 
In 2013 construction began at Rosyth station to build new disabled access points, so that people with wheelchairs and buggies can make their way onto the platform. There are also plans for a new transport hub to be built at Rosyth, with 500 car park spaces, a bus stance and taxi rank.

References

Railway stations in Fife
Former North British Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1917
Railway stations served by ScotRail
1917 establishments in Scotland
Rosyth
Misraħ Għar il-Kbir

Misrah Ghar il-Kbir (informally known as Clapham Junction) is a prehistoric site in Siġġiewi, in the south of the Island of Malta, near the Dingli Cliffs. It is best known for its "cart ruts", a complex network of tracks carved in the rock. The age and purpose of the tracks is uncertain with estimates of their origins ranging from the Neolithic to Medieval times and all points in-between. Several researchers have suggested they may have been used in different periods perhaps even for different activities. It appears the ruts could only have been made no later than c.700BC with several examples pointing to a Temple Period date c. 3800-2500BC.    

It is reported that the "Clapham Junction" nickname was given by archaeologist David H. Trump, who reported that it reminded him of the busy railway station Clapham Junction in London.

Origin of the tracks
Similar tracks (known and signposted in Malta as 'Cart Ruts') can be found in a number of sites on both the major islands.  Busewdien in St Paul's Bay, Naxxar, San Ġwann and Bidnija are good examples on the main Island.  Gozo's best are on the Ta’ Ċenċ plateau, Sannat.

Those at Misraћ Gћar il-Kbir are up to  deep and have an average distance between them of . Some cross while others form junctions, creating the illusion of a great rail yard.

In some places in Malta, such as at St. George's Bay on Birżebbuġa, the tracks run into the sea and continue underwater, leading to some media speculation that they were made during the last Ice Age, when the sea level was lower. (The earliest other evidence known of human habitation on Malta is from about 5900 BC). 

Research published in 2008 describes them as caused by wooden-wheeled carts eroding soft limestone. An analysis was made of the stresses that would have been caused by a cart which would fit the ruts. Professor Mottershead of Portsmouth University said "The underlying rock in Malta is weak and when it’s wet it loses about 80 percent of its strength. The carts would have first made tracks in the soil but when that eroded, the cartwheels ran directly on the bedrock, making it easier for other carts to follow the same tracks."<ref
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See also
 Diolkos

References

External links
 
 VisitGozo page including the cart ruts

History of Malta
Siġġiewi

hu:Keréknyomok (Málta)
Prehistoric sites in Malta
Mather Byles (loyalist)

Mather Byles II (12 January 1734/1735 – 12 March 1814), was a Congregational clergyman at New London, Connecticut Colony, until 1768. In 1768, he entered the Established Church, and became rector of Christ Church, Boston.

Sympathizing with the royal cause, he settled, after the War of Independence, in Halifax, Nova Scotia as Chaplain to the Garrison and later in Saint John, New Brunswick, where he was rector of a church until his death.

The son of Mather Byles (1706–1788), he graduated from Harvard College in 1751 at the age of twelve, and later received his MA from the school. He also graduated from Yale College and the University of Oxford.

References

Further reading
 

Canadian Anglican priests
American Congregationalists
United Empire Loyalists
American emigrants to pre-Confederation New Brunswick
Harvard College alumni
Harvard College Loyalists in the American Revolution
Clergy from Boston
1735 births
1814 deaths
Harvard University librarians
Yale College alumni
Alumni of the University of Oxford

People from colonial Boston
Fosi

The Fosi were a Germanic tribe. Tacitus, in his Germania mentions them as being neighbours of the Cherusci, and they suffered alongside the Cherusci in their downfall. He also noted that before their mutual downfall, the Fosi were less prosperous than the Cherusci. The two tribes, however, had been dependents in their prosperity, so they shared that same adversity on equal terms during their decline. The etymological origin of the name Fosi is not known with certainty. The name may derive from the proto-Germanic *fuhsaz, signifying "fox".

References

Bibliography

Early Germanic peoples
Jeniferever

Jeniferever is a band from Uppsala, Sweden formed in 1996. Their music could be described as ambient indie rock or post-rock; it is slow-paced, melodic, and frequently building to an orchestral-like climax. Their sound has been compared to bands such as The Appleseed Cast and Sigur Rós. Their name is derived from a 1989 Smashing Pumpkins song of the same name.

They released a four track EP Iris on the Big Scary Monsters Recording Company label. Their debut full-length record Choose a Bright Morning was released on Drowned in Sound Recordings and was later re-released through Monotreme Records. Their second album Spring Tides was released on Monotreme Records in 2009. The band released its third album Silesia on 11 April 2011. A track from Silesia, "Waifs & Strays", was released for free download in January 2011. The band have not officially announced that they have disbanded, but have been on a long-term hiatus since 2012.

Members
Kristofer Jönson – lead vocals, guitar, keyboards
Martin Sandström – guitar, backing vocals
Olle Bilius – bass, guitar, keyboards, backing vocals
Fredrik Aspelin – drums, backing vocals

Discography

Albums
Choose a Bright Morning (2006)
Spring Tides (2009)
Silesia (2011)

EPs
Chronicles of Omega (2001) 
Jeniferever (2002)
Jeniferever / The Next Autumn Soundtrack (split EP with The Next Autumn Soundtrack) (2003) 
Iris (2004)
Nangijala (2008)

Singles
"From Across the Sea" (2006)
"The Sound of Beating Wings" (2006)
"Alvik" (2006)
"To the Beat of Our Own Blood" (2011)

References

External links

Swedish post-rock groups
Musical groups from Uppsala
Musical groups established in 1996
Alistair Graham

Sir John Alistair Graham (born 6 August 1942) is a British trade unionist who was  Chairman of the Committee on Standards in Public Life from 2003 until April 2007.

He was born in Northumberland, and was educated at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle. He is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Personnel Development and the Institute of Training and Development. He has been a visiting Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford (1984–1991). He has Honorary Doctorates from the Open University and from Bradford University. He was appointed (Knight Bachelor) in the 2000 New Year Honours for services to the Parades Commission for Northern Ireland.

Sir Alistair has had a long and varied career in public service. Between 1966 and 1986 he worked for the trade union, the Civil and Public Services Association (CPSA) as Assistant Secretary, Assistant General Secretary, Deputy General Secretary and, finally, General Secretary. His next post was as Chief Executive of the Industrial Society (now renamed The Work Foundation) between 1986 and 1991, after which he became Chief Executive of Calderdale and Kirklees Training and Enterprise Council (1991–1996), then of the Leeds Training and Enterprise Council (1996–2000). During this latter period he also served as Chairman of the Parades Commission for Northern Ireland (1997–2000). Between 2000 and 2004 he was Chairman of the Police Complaints Authority (later the Independent Police Complaints Commission).  Between 2004 and 2007 he was Chairman of the Committee on Standards in Public Life.

In 2006 he became Chairman of ICSTIS (later PhonepayPlus), a regulatory body for premium rate phone-paid services.

Graham criticised Rishi Sunak appointing Suella Braverman as Home Secretary in 2022, Graham said “Normally the prime minister would have consulted a ministerial adviser for advice. A breach of the ministerial code is seen as a serious matter and would make any minister an inappropriate appointment to one of the four most senior positions in government.”

References

External links
Committee on Standards in Public Life

1942 births
Fellows of Nuffield College, Oxford
Knights Bachelor
Living people
General Secretaries of the Civil and Public Services Association
Members of the General Council of the Trades Union Congress
People educated at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne
Member of the Committee on Standards in Public Life
Cupar railway station

Cupar railway station is a railway station that serves the town of Cupar in Fife, Scotland. The station has two platforms, of which the southbound one (for trains to Edinburgh) is now wheelchair accessible. Services are provided by ScotRail and CrossCountry.

History
The station was opened by the Edinburgh and Northern Railway in 1847 as the temporary northern terminus of the Tayport branch of their route along the Fife Coast.  The line northwards to Tayport (for the ferry link to Dundee) was completed in 1850 and through running to Dundee over the first Tay Bridge began in 1878.

Accidents and incidents
On 23 October 1899, an express passenger train was in collision with a cattle train. One person was killed.
On 4 July 1988 a Class 47 cement train derailed, demolishing a section of the bridge which carries the B940 over the railway. This was caused by excessive speed and a  fault with the rail line.

Services 
The weekday service is as follows:

CrossCountry:

 1 tpd to Aberdeen.
 1 tpd to Penzance.

Scotrail:

 2 tph to Edinburgh via ,  and .
 3 tpd to  via , , , , ,  and . 1 tpd extended to  in the evening (connections are otherwise available at Dundee).
 2 tph to  via .
 1 tpd to , via , , , , ,  and .

Sunday services operate every two hours each way to Edinburgh & Dundee, with some extra evening trains.

References

Railway stations in Fife
Former North British Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1847
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Cupar
1847 establishments in Scotland
Listed railway stations in Scotland
Category B listed buildings in Fife
Revolution Bars Group

Revolution Bars Group, previously known as Inventive Leisure and The New Inventive Bar Company, is a city centre bar chain with headquarters in Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, England. The bar brands trade under the names Revolution and Revolución de Cuba.

Background
It was founded by Roy Ellis and Neil Macleod, who had met in London in the 1980s. They opened their first bar in Ashton-under-Lyne in 1991, with nightclubs and a music venue following soon after. In 1996 they moved away from the previously unbranded bars and clubs to start the Revolution chain, with vodka being featured as the principal product. 
In 2000, the company floated on the Alternative Investment Market, by this point having 21 bars. It was bought out in 2006 by Alchemy Partners amid competition from Regent Inns and Ultimate Leisure. The deal valued the company at £42.5m.
The company was ranked 25th in the 2013 The Sunday Times 100 Best Companies to Work For list, and employs about 1,800 people. Its turnover in the year ending June 2008 was expected to be £71m with profits of £11m. In 2013, Phill Danks became CEO of Revolution Bars Group.

In August 2017, Revolution Bars Group rejected a merger proposal from nightclub operator Deltic Group, saying Deltic's offer was "not in the best interests of shareholders at this time". In response, Deltic Group said it wanted to appeal directly to shareholders, proposing that existing Revolution shareholders would own 65% of the new company, while Deltic would own the remaining 35%. Revolution Bars Group said it instead preferred a £101.5m takeover offer by Slug and Lettuce owner Stonegate.

Brands

Revolution
Revolution is the original brand of Revolution Bars Group. The unique selling point is the focus on vodka.

Revolución de Cuba
Revolución de Cuba was created in 2011. The focus is on rum and Cuba.

References

External links
Revolution
Revolución de Cuba

Pub chains
Stationarius

Stationarius may refer to:

 a type of librarius; see Manuscript culture
 Stationarius (Roman military)
Kitchen Motors

Kitchen Motors is an Iceland based think tank, record label and an art collective specializing in instigating collaborations and putting on concerts, exhibitions, performances, chamber operas, producing films, books and radio shows.

Kitchen Motors is known for producing collaborations between artists from different disciplines and in finding common ground where artists from often very diverse backgrounds can work together.

The founders and main architects are Kristín Björk Kristjánsdóttir, Jóhann Jóhannsson and Hilmar Jensson.

CD releases
 Nart Nibbles 1999 - Apparat Organ Quartet, Helvítis Guitar Symphony, Músíkvatur & Múm and more.
 Motorlab #1 2000 - Hilmar Jensson, Ulfar Haraldsson & CAPUT, Stilluppsteypa & Magnús Pálsson, Telefónía directed by Curver.
 Motorlab #2 2001 - Apparat Organ Quartet & TF3IRA, Múm, Asa Juniusdottir & Sjón, Big Band Brutal.
 Motorlab #3 (2001) - Barry Adamson vs. Pan Sonic, The Hafler Trio.
 H u g g u n - Kippi Kaninus (2002). 
 Nói Albínói - Slowblow & Sigriđur Níelsdóttir (2003).
 Kitchen Motors Family Album/Fjölskyldualbúm Tilraunaeldhússins (2006, Kitchen Motors/12 Tónar) - A Compilation of Icelandic music.

See also
 List of record labels

References

External links
 Official site

Icelandic record labels
Alternative rock record labels
Tooting Junction railway station

Tooting Junction railway station may refer to:
Tooting Junction railway station (1868-1894), the closed station
Tooting railway station, the current station but originally named Tooting Junction when it replaced the above
Welcome Back (Mase album)

Welcome Back is the third studio album by American rapper Mase, released August 24, 2004. The album debuted at No. 4 on the charts, selling 188,000 copies in the first week. The album would eventually go Gold, selling 559,000 copies in the United States. 

This was Mase's first album to not have a Parental Advisory warning, and his first official studio release since 1999's Double Up. "Welcome Back" samples the Welcome Back, Kotter theme song.

Critical reception

Welcome Back received mixed reviews from music critics. AllMusic's David Jeffries said, "Welcome Back runs out of steam toward the end, and spreading out some of the "don't sleep on this" material from the beginning would've worked wonders. It makes this the least necessary Mase album, but half the tracks point to a future that is brighter than ever." Jon Caramanica, writing for Rolling Stone, found Mase's delivery lacking in quality after years away from the rap game and focusing on religion. Kelefa Sanneh from The New York Times said that despite the production in "Breathe, Stretch, Shake" and "Do You Remember" giving him support to lace his flow on the beat, he felt Mase's religious outlook held him back when delivering "lousy similes" about the Bible and brushing women and former friends aside without a response, calling Welcome Back "a surprisingly tepid collection that might have benefited from a bit more preaching, or at least a bit more passion."

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

External links

2004 albums
Albums produced by Rick Rock
Bad Boy Records albums
Mase albums
Philip Whitchurch

Philip Whitchurch (born 30 January 1951) is an English stage, film, and television actor.  He is best known for playing Captain William Frederickson in three episodes of the Sharpe series between 1994-1997 and the role of Chief Inspector Philip Cato in The Bill from 1993 to 1995.  He also played another character, Inspector Twist, on the same show, as well as Tyler in My Hero from 2000 to 2006.

Roles   
His other television work includes Sharpe, The Brothers McGregor, The Detectives, Peak Practice, Holby City, Bergerac, Boon, Casualty, Monarch of the Glen, Midsomer Murders, G.B.H., Van der Valk, The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, Waterfront Beat, Dramarama, Wire in the Blood, Foyle's War, Mersey Beat, In Exile, Get Real, Plotlands, A Perfect State, Virtual Murder, El C.I.D. and The Vicar of Dibley.

He also played Derek, the chair of governors, in the first series of Hope and Glory and appeared in the BBC drama New Tricks. He has also narrated the popular TV-am children's series The Shoe People (he provided all the voices for the characters) and supplied the voice of Zippi in the CITV animated television series Toucan Tecs. Whitchurch played Billy's dad in Elton John's West End stage adaptation of Billy Elliot from 5 December 2005 until 2 December 2006.  He returned to the role from 2 June 2008 until 29 November 2008, and played the role on Broadway from 29 January 2010 until 2 May 2010. In 2008, he starred alongside other former The Bill actors, Cyril Nri and Russell Boulter in an episode of BBC1's Waking the Dead. In 2012, he starred alongside former Bros member turned actor Luke Goss in the feature film Interview with a Hitman (2012) written and directed by Perry Bhandal in which he played the British crime boss Tosca. Whitchurch also played a character called "The Geordie", a hoodwinked thug, in the ITV drama Doors Open which was transmitted on Boxing Day 2012.

in 2013, he played the role of Alfred Chalmers in Ian Rankin's debut play Dark Road. In 2016, Whitchurch was cast as the Duke of Gloucester in the Talawa Theatre Company and Royal Exchange Manchester co-production of King Lear. Then in May 2020, he appeared in an episode of the BBC soap opera Doctors as Peter Wilson.

References

External links
 
 Profile on TV.Com

1951 births
English male soap opera actors
English male stage actors
English male voice actors
Living people
Male actors from Liverpool
Tursunzoda

Tursunzoda (; also Tursunzade from ) is a city in western Tajikistan, known for its aluminium smelting plant TadAZ.  It is located 60 km west of Dushanbe (40 km west of Hisor), near the border with Uzbekistan.  It is near several rivers, Shirkent and Karatag immediately to the west and east of the city, and Kofarnihon further east. Its population is estimated at 55,700 for the city proper and 298,800 for the city with the outlying communities (2020). Its population was given as 40,600 in the 1989 census, falling to 39,000 in 2000, and estimated at 37,000 in 2006.

The city has two television stations, TV-REGAR and TV-TADAZ, two newspapers, Aluminiy Tojikiston and Regar, and a radio station.

Tursunzoda is home to football club Regar-TadAZ Tursunzoda.

History 

Tursunzoda was originally the village of Regar, meaning "a town on sand". In 1978, the town and with it the whole district were renamed in honor of the Tajik national poet, Mirzo Tursunzoda. Its railroad station is still called Regar. The city developed from a village as a regional centre for an agricultural district in the western part of Gissar (Hisor) Valley. Fruits, especially grapefruit, vegetables, and cotton are grown in the district. Thanks to plentiful irrigation from the local rivers, Tursunzoda district is a major rice-growing region, producing 1,400 tons, or 13% of Tajikistan's rice harvest in 2006. In the 1960s, the nearby Nurek Dam hydroelectric power station on the river Vakhsh made the city a good location for industry, and besides the aluminium plant, there are also china, brick, cable, and cotton cleaning plants.

Subdivisions
Before ca. 2018, Tursunzoda was the seat of Tursunzoda District, which covered the rural part of the present city of Tursunzoda. The city of Tursunzoda covers Tursunzoda proper and nine jamoats. These are as follows:

Aluminium plant

The Tajik aluminium smelting plant, TadAZ, in Tursunzoda, is the largest aluminium manufacturing plant in Central Asia, and possibly the world, and Tajikistan's chief industrial asset.  The country has no native aluminium ore, so the raw material for the plant has to be imported.  Construction of the plant proper began in 1972, and the first pouring of aluminium took place on March 31, 1975.  It consumes 40% of the country's electrical power, and a 2002 study found it responsible for notable fluorine water pollution in the region and air pollution.

Notes

References

 Tursunzade School 101 Web site of a Tursunzade school, provided by Relief International - Schools Online.
 Country Analysis : Tajikistan Originally from the Department of Energy site, now hosted by NIGC.org.
 Biosphere to Clean Up Water in Tajikistan Report by the Virtual Foundation
 "Tursunzade", Encyclopædia Britannica
  Including census figures

Populated places in Districts of Republican Subordination
Brajavali dialect

Brajavali (Assamese:  Brôzawôli) was a literary language used by Sankardev (1449–1568) for some of his compositions (Borgeets and Ankia Naats) in the context of his Vaishnavite religion, Ekasarana Dharma, in Assam. Though similar languages were used in the Vaishnavite contexts in Odisa and Bengal, the one used in Assam was different, as it was based on Maithili (and not Brajbhasa),  to which Assamese is added and the native pronunciation overrides the original pronunciation of Maithili. In general, the vocables and idiomatic expressions of Brajavali were local (Assamese), while the inflectional forms were Maithili, easily understood by the people of Assam but carrying the flavor of Brajbhasa, the language of choice of the Bhakti poets.

See also
Brajabuli – another literary language based on Maithili

Notes

References

 

Languages of Assam
Assamese scripts
Juda Bennett

Juda Charles Bennett is an author, a literary theorist and professor of English at The College of New Jersey. He received his B.A. in English and creative writing from Binghamton University in 1988; his M.A. in English and American Literature from Washington University in St. Louis in 1989; and his Ph.D. in English and American Literature from Washington University in 1994.

Bennett is the author of Toni Morrison and the Queer Pleasure of Ghosts (2014), Essays Unzipped (2007), and The Passing Figure: Racial Confusion in Modern American Literature (1996). He is also the author of a number of literary essays on race and sexuality.

External links
 TCNJ English Faculty Directory

Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Binghamton University alumni
American academics of English literature
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
List of light sources

This is a list of sources of light, the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Light sources produce photons from another energy source, such as heat, chemical reactions, or conversion of mass or a different frequency of electromagnetic energy, and include light bulbs and stars like the Sun. Reflectors (such as the moon, cat's eyes, and mirrors) do not actually produce the light that comes from them.

Incandescence
Incandescence is the emission of light from a hot body as a result of its temperature.

Combustion

Lamps

 (obsolete)

 (error)

s
 (obsolete)

Other
 - shock wave

Nuclear and high-energy particle

Celestial and atmospheric

Astronomical objects
Sun (sunlight, solar radiation) 
 
 
Star (Starlight)
Nova / supernova / hypernova
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Meteor 
 
 
 
Lightning (Plasma)
 
 
 
 
 
Fireflies around the lovely forest and green grass areas - they are a type of insect that glow at night

Cathodoluminescence

Cathodoluminescence is light resulting from a luminescent material being struck by electrons.

Chemiluminescence    

Chemiluminescence is light resulting from a chemical reaction.

Cryoluminescence

Cryoluminescence is the emission of light when an object is cooled.

Crystalloluminescence

Crystalloluminescence is light produced during crystallization.

Electric discharge (electrical energy)

 (Obsolete)
 (Obsolete)

Electrochemiluminescence

Electrochemiluminescence is light resulting from an electrochemical reaction.

Electroluminescence

Electroluminescence is light resulting from an electric current being passed through a substance.

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Long distance beam light

Mechanoluminescence

Mechanoluminescence is light resulting from a mechanical action on a solid.

Triboluminescence, light generated when bonds in a material are broken when that material is scratched, crushed, or rubbed
Fractoluminescence, light generated when bonds in certain crystals are broken by fractures
Piezoluminescence, light produced by the action of pressure on certain solids
Sonoluminescence, light resulting from imploding bubbles in a liquid when excited by sound

Photoluminescence

Photoluminescence is  light resulting from absorption of photons.

Fluorescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation
Phosphorescence, the delayed re-emission of light by substance that has absorbed it

Radioluminescence

Radioluminescence is light resulting from bombardment by ionizing radiation.

Thermoluminescence

Thermoluminescence is light from the re-emission of absorbed energy when a substance is heated.

See also 
 List of reflected light sources
 Luminous efficacy
 Photometry (optics)

References

External links 

 A CD spectrometer Color spectrographs of common light sources

Technology-related lists
Electronics lists
171P/Spahr

171P/Spahr is a periodic comet in the Solar System. 171P/Spahr  was recovered on 20–24 October 2011 at apparent magnitude 20.6 using the  Faulkes Telescope South. 171P/Spahr is peaked at about magnitude 18 in 2012.

During the 1999 passage the comet brightened to about magnitude 13.5.

At perihelion on January 13, 2019 when the comet was 1AU from Earth, the 3-sigma uncertainty in the comet's Earth distance was ±500 km.

References

External links 
 Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
 171P/Spahr – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
 Elements and Ephemeris for 171P/Spahr – Minor Planet Center
 Discovery and Historical Highlights at Gary W. Kronk's Cometography

Periodic comets
0171
Comets in 2019
Cooper Islands

The Cooper Islands (ca. ) are a group of small islands located 1.6 km (1 mi) off the northeast coast of Attu Island, Alaska, United States.  They extend 0.48 km (0.3 mi) into the Bering Sea.  The islands were named in July 1855 for the schooner USS Fenimore Cooper by Lt. William Gibson, USN.

Near Islands
Islands of Alaska
Islands of Unorganized Borough, Alaska
Heraldry Society

There are several heraldry societies around the world. Some of the more notable ones include:

The Heraldry Society (in England)
The Heraldry Society of New Zealand
The Heraldry Society of Scotland
The Heraldry Society of Southern Africa
The Royal Heraldry Society of Canada
The American Heraldry Society
Language history

Language history is;

Historical linguistics
History of a language
Internal history
External history
Evolution of languages

Historical linguistics
Allah (disambiguation)

Allah () is the word for "God" in Arabic.

It may also refer to:
 the Islamic conception of God: see God in Islam
 Allah as a lunar deity, theory in 20th Century scholarship re pre-Islamic Arabia

Geography
 Allah Valley, valley of the Allah River, Mindanao, Philippines
 Allah, a town in Nigeria also known as Illah

Similar spellings
Ullah ("of God" in Arabic)
Alla (disambiguation)
Illah (disambiguation)
Allar (disambiguation)
Aella (disambiguation)
Aello, one of the Harpy sisters in ancient Greek mythology
172P/Yeung

172P/Yeung is a periodic comet in the Solar System.

References

External links 
 172P on Seiichi Yoshida's comet list
 172P on Gary Kronk's Cometography
 

Periodic comets
0172
Meredith Edwards (singer)

Meredith Leigh Edwards (born March 15, 1984) is an American country music singer. She recorded an album, Reach, for Mercury Records Nashville in 2001. This album accounted for two singles on the Billboard country singles charts.

At the age of five, she was a member of the traveling choir the Mississippi Show Stoppers, along with Lance Bass of *NSYNC.

Lance had signed Meredith to his own management called Free Lance Entertainment. In 2001, she released her first CD, Reach, under the Mercury label. The album debuted at No. 24 on the Top Country Albums chart and was produced by Richard Marx. Its singles, "A Rose Is a Rose" and "The Bird Song", both charted on Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) at No. 37 and No. 47 respectively. Edwards has not recorded since Reach.

Discography

Albums

Singles

Music videos

References

 Bass, Berry & Sims Attorney

External links
 

1984 births
Living people
American child singers
Singer-songwriters from Mississippi
People from Clinton, Mississippi
American country singer-songwriters
American women country singers
Mercury Records artists
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American women singers
Country musicians from Mississippi
Gibson Islands

The Gibson Islands (ca. ) are a group of small islands that extend for 0.3 mi into the mouth of Chichagof Harbor on the northeast side of Attu Island in the Aleutians West Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska.  The islands were named in July 1855 by the North Pacific Surveying Expedition for Lt. William Gibson, USN, commander of the schooner USS Fenimore Cooper.

Near Islands
Islands of Alaska
Islands of Unorganized Borough, Alaska
Cockerell

Cockerell is a surname, and may refer to:

People
Allan Cockerell (1891–1975), New Zealand soldier and politician
Catherine Cockerell Cobb (1903–1995), British jeweler, silversmith, daughter of Douglas
Charles Robert Cockerell (1788–1863), British architect, son of Samuel
Christabel Cockerell (1860–1903), British artist
Christopher Cockerell (1910–1999), British inventor of the hovercraft, son of Sydney
Douglas Cockerell (1870–1945), British bookbinder, brother of Sydney
Florence Kingsford Cockerell (1871–1949), English illustrator and calligrapher, wife of Sydney
Frederick Pepys Cockerell (1833–1878), British architect
John Cockerell (1845–1937), English football player
Mark Cockerell, American figure skater
Michael Cockerell (born 1940), British maker of political documentaries
Samuel Pepys Cockerell (1754–1827), British architect
Stanley Cockerell (1895–1940), World War I flying ace
Sydney Cockerell (1867–1962), British museum curator and secretary to William Morris, brother of Theodore, husband of Florence
Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell (1866–1948), zoologist, husband of Wilmatte, brother of Sydney
Wilmatte Porter Cockerell (1869–1957), botanist, entomologist and teacher, wife of Theodore

Fictional characters
Cockerell (character), a character in Cornelia Funke's novel Inkheart.

See also
Cockerell Peninsula, a peninsula in Antarctica
Cockerel, another name for a rooster
Cockerill, a surname

 English-language surnames