alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Paul Martin

Paul Martin Jr.  (born August 28, 1938) is a Canadian politician. He was the 21st Prime Minister of Canada. He was also the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. He became prime minister December 12, 2003, when Jean Chrétien stepped down. He won an election on June 28, 2004, because the Liberals won more seats than the other political parties; but they did not win a majority of the seats, so he led a minority government. There was another election on January 23, 2006; his party lost this election, so Stephen Harper became the next prime minister.

Martin was greatly respected, as a Finance Minister, around the world for his fiscal management, because of the growth in the economy and for taking the government out of deficit.
His tenure as Prime Minister is generally seen as a disaster by most Canadians.

Martin was born in Windsor, Ontario. His father was a member of the Canadian House of Commons for thirty-three years and was a part of the cabinet. Martin graduated from the University of Toronto in 1961 with a B.A. in history and philosophy and from the University of Toronto Law School in 1965. He married Sheila Martin in 1965.

He was elected to parliament from the riding of LaSalle-Émard in Montreal, Quebec in 1988. He was finance minister from 1993 until 2002. He became known for balancing the budget (ending government borrowing of money). In 2003, he was elected leader of the Liberal party, and was appointed prime minister one month later.

Mr. Martin's government made same-sex marriage legal. It also had problems with the Sponsorship scandal in 2004. In 2006, Parliament passed a vote of no confidence, which forced a national election to be held on January 23. The Liberals lost the election and Martin lost his position as prime minister. Soon afterwards, he resigned his position as leader of the Liberal Party.

After fourteen months in office, Paul Martin got the nickname "Mr. Dithers". He was called so by the magazine The Economist. They say this is because he changed his opinion too often.

References

Other websites
 

1938 births
Living people
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Politicians from Montreal
Canadian King's Counsel
Machine gun

A machine gun is a weapon that can fire one bullet after another as long as the trigger is pulled and there are bullets ready to fire. This is called automatic fire. A more general name for this type of weapon is an automatic weapon. Machine guns fire bullets delivered from a long chain of cartridges called an ammunition ('ammo') belt, or use spring-loaded boxes called magazines. Machine guns are usually divided into heavy-duty machine guns, light machine guns, and sub-machine guns.

Heavy machine guns (HMG) are placed on the ground, supported on a tripod, or on a vehicle. The vehicle would have a support for the gun with a rotating base or turret. Heavy machine guns often need two men to operate it, one to assist with loading ammunition, and one to aim and fire. It always takes two or more men to carry one. Famous examples include the M2 Browning machine gun, the MG42, the M1919 Browning, the M134 minigun, the Type 92 heavy machine gun, and the Maxim gun.

Light machine guns (LMG) are usually carried and fired by one man. Despite the name, an LMG is almost always rested on a bipod or a tripod while firing since the gun is normally too heavy to fire while standing, although some LMGs such as the Bren LMG and the BAR are light enough to be fired without a bipod or tripod when a sling is worn around the user. Famous examples include the Bren, the BAR, the SAW M249, the M240, the RPD, the RPK, the PK, and the M-60.

Submachine guns (SMG) are lighter weapons which fire less powerful bullets (usually pistol bullets). They are much easier to conceal and carry than the heavier versions. Submachine guns have handles (stocks), and are carried by individual soldiers or police officers. Famous examples include the Uzi, the Heckler & Koch MP5, the Thompson (a.k.a. Tommy gun), the MAC-10, the PPSh, and the MP-40.

Assault rifles have automatic capabilities but they are not called machine guns. They are used mainly in semi-automatic fire, and also normally fire lighter bullets than machine guns.

Many heavy machine guns, such as the Browning M2 .50 caliber machine gun, are exact enough to hit distant targets. During the Vietnam War, Carlos Hathcock shot at 7382 ft (2250 m) using a .50 caliber heavy machine gun with a telescopic sight.

References

Other websites 
 Machine gun -Citizendium
Robin Hood

Robin Hood is a folk hero from the Middle Ages in England. He is a legendary person, and people have told stories about him for centuries. There are also many books, plays, movies, and cartoons that tell stories about Robin Hood.

There are many different versions, but in most stories, Robin Hood is an outlawed nobleman who lives in Sherwood Forest near the town of Nottingham, England.  He has two powerful enemies.  The first is Prince John, who is acting as king while his brother, King Richard the Lionheart, is fighting the Crusades in the Middle East.  The second is the corrupt Sheriff of Nottingham.  They are Robin Hood’s enemies because they abuse their powers and take money from poor people.   Using his intelligence and his archery skills, Robin Hood steals back this money and returns it to the poor. 

In many stories, a group of faithful followers called The Merry Men accompanies Robin. In the earliest Robin Hood stories, The Merry Men were Little John, Much the Miller’s Son, and Will Scarlet. Later stories added Friar Tuck, Alan-a-Dale, and Maid Marian.

In the media 

There have been many movies about Robin Hood, including "The Adventures of Robin Hood" starring Errol Flynn. In the 1970s, Disney made a movie where the characters were shown to be animals. Robin and his lover (Marian) are foxes.
Folk hero

A folk hero is a person, who may or may not have existed, and is famous and well liked by people, or people of a certain country. Usually it is someone who helped the common people or fought against the authorities, such as a bad king. People tells stories about folk heroes, most of their stories have been passed down orally, and changed to fit the situations. They usually have a special skill or trait of some sort (Paul Bunyan is very short).

Some famous folk heroes are:

Robin Hood (England), who stole from the rich and gave it to the poor people
William Tell (Switzerland), who killed a tyrant (a lord terrorizing the people)
Carmine Crocco (Italy), controversial figure of the Italian unification but considered by many a folk hero
Johnny Appleseed
George Washington, First President of the United States
Natty Bumppo
Paul Bunyan
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, First President of Turkey
Gandhi
Nelson Mandela, First President of South Africa and anti-apartheid activist
Simón Bolívar
John Henry
Pecos Bill
Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States during the American Civil War
Davy Crockett, famous American folk hero who died at the Battle of the Alamo.
Jim Bowie, famous for his Bowie knife, died at the Battle of the Alamo.
Paul Revere
Qutb Shah, supposed Arab-Afghan who conquered large parts of Northern India and sired many tribes. 
Dulla Bhatti who was a popular resistance hero against the Mughal Empire. 
Rai Ahmad Khan Kharal who was a Punjabi freedom-fighter in 1857. 

Folklore
Seth Green

Seth Benjamin Green (born Seth Benjamin Gesshel-Green; February 8, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, and voice actor.  He became famous in the late 1990s after appearing in many teen movies.  His most notable roles include Scott Evil in the Austin Powers series of movies, Chris Griffin on the television series Family Guy, Patrick Wisely in Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed, Dan Mott in Without a Paddle and Daniel "Oz" Osborne on the series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, in which he is cast as Willow Rosenberg's werewolf boyfriend. Green is also the creator of Adult Swim's Robot Chicken.

Filmography

Film

Television

Web

Video games

References

American television actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
Whedonverse
Actors from Philadelphia
Comedians from Pennsylvania
1974 births
Living people
Ashton Kutcher

Ashton Christopher Kutcher (February 7, 1978), is an American actor, producer and former model. He became well known when he played Michael Kelso on That '70s Show. In 2003, Kutcher produced and starred in his own television series, Punk'd. He was the host of the series.

In May 2011, Kutcher was announced as Charlie Sheen's replacement on the series Two and a Half Men. Kutcher's contract was for one year. The contract is believed to be worth nearly $20 million.

Early life
Kutcher was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He is the son of Diane (née Finnegan), a Procter & Gamble employee, and Larry M. Kutcher, a factory worker. His father is of Bohemian (Czech) ancestry and his mother is of Irish, German, and Bohemian ancestry. Kutcher was raised in a conservative Roman Catholic family, Kutcher has a twin brother, Michael, who had a heart transplant when the brothers were young children. Kutcher's twin brother also has cerebral palsy.

Personal life
Kutcher is a student of Kabbalah.

In 2006, People magazine ranked him third in its yearly list of "The Sexiest Men Alive".

In 2003, Kutcher started a relationship with older actress Demi Moore. They married in 2005.  The couple separated in 2011. The couple's divorce was finalized in November 2013. Kutcher has been in a relationship with Mila Kunis since April 2012. The couple became engaged in February 2014. Their daughter was born in September 2014.

Kutcher is in advertisements for Nikon cameras. In July 2011, Brazilian fashion label Colcci hired Kutcher and Alessandra Ambrosio to be in a denim advertisement.

On April 16, 2009, Kutcher became the first user of Twitter to have more than 1,000,000 followers.

As a producer

Awards

References

Other websites

Actors from Iowa
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
American television personalities
American television producers
Comedians from Iowa
Actors from Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Twin people from the United States
1978 births
Living people
People's Choice Award winners
Linus Torvalds

Linus Benedict Torvalds ( , ; born 28 December 1969) is a Finnish-American software engineer.

His parents named him after Linus Pauling. He studied at the University of Helsinki from 1988 to 1996. He became famous because of the success of his operating system, Linux. He started making this system as a student project in 1991. He based it on the popular UNIX operating system. Today, Linux has become the most popular free operating system.

Linus is the leader of the Linux project, which has many members around the world. He is the one person who can make decisions about changes or future development on the operating system. He also made the version control system Git. He now lives with his family in the United States. 

Linus chose the penguin to be the logo of Linux. A picture of a penguin called Tux appears on many desktop computers that run Linux.

References

Other websites 
 Linus Torvalds' personal homepage
 The Linux Kernel Archives - the Linux kernel source provided by the Kernel.org Organization

1969 births
Living people

Finnish scientists
Software engineers
Linux
People from Helsinki
American bloggers
Tahiti

Tahiti is an island in the southern Pacific Ocean. It is part of the French Polynesia. Papeete is the capital and largest city. Other major cities are Faaa and Mahina. About 169 674 people live there (2002). The languages that are spoken in Tahiti are French and Tahitian which are both official. In Tahiti (in the Society group) – was claimed by the French in 1768. The Faaa International Airport is the main way of transportation on the island. Air Tahiti Nui is the main plane of the airport which flies to Los Angeles and Paris. Other planes fly to Hawaii, Japan, and other islands in the Pacific Ocean. Air Tahiti flies to other islands in French Polynesia such as Bora Bora.Coconut trees grow along the coast of Tahiti.

References 

Islands of French Polynesia
Geneva (canton)

Geneva is a canton in Switzerland. The capital of the canton is Geneva City.

The French name is Genève, The German name is Genf, in Italian it is Ginevra.

Geneva is the seat of many institutions of the United Nations. It has about 186.000 inhabitants and a very old university. About 960.000 people live in the urban area. Some of the urban area is in France. Only Zürich has more inhabitants in Switzerland.

History 
In 1815, the city-state of Geneva became a part of Switzerland. It had at one time been the capital of the Kingdom of Burgundy.

The first traces of human civilization in Geneva, discovered on the shores of Lake Geneva , date from around 3000 BC. The hill of the Old City, however, was not inhabited until 1000 BC. Later, when Rome conquered Geneva, it was defended by a small Celtic tribe. In 58 BC, Julius Caesar drove off an attack by the Helvetii. At the height of the Roman Empire, around 400 AD, Geneva was granted its own bishop.

Municipalities 
Geneva does not have any districts. There are 45 municipalities in the canton:

References
John Heinz

Henry John Heinz III (October 23, 1938 – April 4, 1991) was an American politician from Pennsylvania and the great-grandson of the founder of H. J. Heinz Company. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977 and was a US senator from 1977 to 1991. He was killed in a plane crash in 1991.

Heinz married Teresa Simões-Ferreira on February 5, 1966 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The couple had three sons together: H. John Heinz IV, André, and Christopher.

A number of places are named after Heinz, including:
Senator H. John Heinz III Archives at the Carnegie Mellon University Libraries
H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
H. John Heinz III Center For Science, Economics and The Environment
H. John Heinz III Center For the Performing Arts (Heinz Hall), home of the Pittsburgh Symphony
Senator John Heinz History Center

1938 births
1991 deaths
Aviation deaths in the United States
Politicians from Pittsburgh
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
United States senators from Pennsylvania
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Calendar

A calendar is a tool for organizing days. People use calendars to say when something happened, and for planning things that have not happened yet. The calendar gives the days names and numbers, called calendar dates. The dates are usually made based on how things in the sky seem to move. The year and month are based on motions of the Sun and moon. By knowing what day something happened or will happen, people have an easier life. Since the beginning of history, knowing when the seasons would start for crops was very important for farmers.

Calendar systems have a beginning time or era. The calendar era is often a religion-based event, such as the birth of Jesus, but it may be a political event such as a coronation or the founding of a state. Dates that are counted from the coronation are called "regnal".

The three principal calendars most used today are the Gregorian, Hebrew, and Islamic calendars. Other calendar systems from many different parts of the world are also used.

Basis 
Calendars are based on three natural things:

 The Earth turns all the way around its axis.
 The Moon goes all the way around the Earth.
 The Earth goes all the way around the Sun.

The Earth turns all the way around its axis about 24 hours. It is called the Solar Day.  Days of most calendars are strongly based on the Solar Day.

The Moon turns all the way around the Earth about 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 2 seconds.  Months of some calendars are still strongly based on the Moon.  These are called Lunar calendars, which lasts about 354-355 days.  Solar calendars ignore the moon, and depend entirely on the Sun.

The Earth goes all the way around the Sun in about 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds.  This is called the Solar year.  Years of most calendars are strongly based on the Solar year.

Related pages 
 Anno Domini (AD)
 Common Era (CE)
 Friday (Muslim)
 Saturday (Jewish)
 Sunday (Christian)
 Gregorian calendar (Christian)
 Hebrew calendar (Jewish)
 Islamic calendar (Muslim)

Other websites 
 Calendar for many years, for many countries
 Calendar -Citizendium
Randall Cobb

Randall Craig "Tex" Cobb (born May 7, 1950) is a former American boxer and actor from Texas. He fought champion boxer Larry Holmes for the WBC World Heavyweight title at Houston's Astrodome on November 26, 1982. Holmes beat Cobb, winning all 15 rounds on two scorecards, and fourteen out of fifteen on the third (scores of 150-135 twice and 149-136). This fight surprised sportscaster Howard Cosell so much that he said that he would never cover another fight. After this many sportsfans all over the world wrote to Cobb and thanked him for trying. Cobb was a fighter who had hitting power, as shown by his eighth-round knockout win over Earnie Shavers. He was never knocked out. Cobb briefly became a kickboxer and then a Hollywood actor. He has played "bad guys" in movies like The Naked Gun and Raising Arizona.

Cobb also fought Michael Dokes twice during his boxing career, losing both fights.

Other websites 

American boxers
American movie actors
Sportspeople from Texas
Actors from Texas
1950 births
Living people
Aquilino Pimentel Jr.

Aquilino Quilinging Pimentel Jr. (December 11, 1933 – October 20, 2019), also known as Nene, was a politician in the Philippines.

Career
He was first elected as a delegate to the 1971 Constitutional Convention. He then went into exile when President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law. He came back in 1980 and was elected as mayor of Cagayan de Oro City in Misamis Oriental. He was removed as mayor 1982. He returned as mayor again in 1984. He was elected as an Assemblyman in the Batasang Pambansa (National Assembly), serving from 1984 to 1986.

After the EDSA Revolution, President Corazon Aquino appointed him as Minister of Local Government and Presidential adviser/chief negotiator with the Muslim insurgents in Mindanao. He then was elected Senator (1987–1992). As senator, he wrote the Local Government Code. He tried to become Vice President in 1992. He ran under the Liberal Party with Jovito Salonga running for president. He finished fifth among the vice presidential candidates with 9.9% of the vote.

In 1995, He ran for another term as senator but lost. Cheating was suspected in that election. He took the case to the Supreme Court. He won the suit in 2004. In 1998, he ran again for another term in the Senate of the Philippines, from 1998 to 2004 and won. He was also elected as the 19th President of the Senate. He served as president from 2000 to 2001. He finally left the Senate on June 30, 2010.

As chair of the Blue Ribbon Committee, Pimentel recommended the prosecution of top government officials of previous administrations in relation to the Expo Pilipino centennial scam and the misuse of the funds of the Retirement and Separation Benefits Systems of the Armed Forces. He also recommended the prosecution of certain people working for the Land Registration Administration for involvement in making false land titles. His committee also conducted series of investigations into the jueteng scandal.

As Chair of the Committee on Local Government, he has supported far-reaching amendments to strengthen the role of local government units (LGUs) in national development. He also got senate approval to return the police to the supervision of LGUs and has wrote a law to fix the date for elections of ARMM officials.

He was the president and founder of the PDP-Laban party.

Death
Pimentel Jr. died on October 20, 2019 in Manila of pneumonia caused by lymphoma at the age of 85.

References

Other websites

Senate of the Philippines
Aquilino Pimentel's Official Personal Website 
Aquilino Pimentel's Assets and Liabilities
Philippine Fathers: Aquilino Pimentel Jr. 

1933 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from lymphoma
Presidents of the Senate of the Philippines
Majority leaders of the Senate of the Philippines
Minority leaders of the Senate of the Philippines
Legislative speakers
Pat Robertson

Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (March 22, 1930 – June 8, 2023) was an American evangelist and host of the 700 Club, a Christian news and talk show on television.  He ran for President in 1988 against George H.W. Bush, but did not win the primaries.  He said several times that natural disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina and the 2010 Haiti earthquake, were punishments from God.

Robertson died at his home in Virginia Beach, Virginia on June 8, 2023 at the age of 93.

References

1930 births
2023 deaths
American political activists
American Baptists
Anti-communists
Anti-pornography activists
Christian religious leaders
Southern Baptist Convention
Television evangelists
1988 United States presidential candidates
Zionists
Writers from Virginia
Educators from Virginia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Virginia
1888

This page lists things that happened in the year 1888.

Births 
 August 9 - Fred C. Newmeyer‏‎, American actor and director (d. 1967)
 December 22 - J. Arthur Rank, movie executive (d. 1972)

Deaths 
 March 6 – Louisa May Alcott, American writer (Little Women, etc.)

Events 
 Glasgow Celtic Cup started.
 The Year of the Three Emperors happens.
The Children's Blizzard occurred.

Movies released 
 Roundhay Garden Scene
Hot Press

Hot Press is a music and political magazine. It was founded in 1977. The magazine is based in Dublin, Republic of Ireland. It is different from other similar magazines by its anti-establishment opinion and the amount of focus on Irish music, most notably early U2. It is currently edited by Niall Stokes.

Other websites 
 Hot Press home page

Music magazines
Politics of Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Alabama Song

The "Alabama Song" comes from the 1930 operetta Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny. The music is by Kurt Weill; officially the lyrics are by Bertolt Brecht, but were probably actually written by Elisabeth Hauptmann. The lyrics for the "Alabama Song" are in English (although a specific type of English) and are performed in that language even when the opera is performed in its original German.

The song has often been covered, perhaps most famously in 1967 by The Doors; unsurprisingly, Jim Morrison changed the lyric "Show us the way to the next pretty boy" to "Show me the way to the next little girl."

1930s songs
1930 works
The Doors songs
David Bowie songs
The Doors

The Doors were an American rock band. They were one of the most popular rock groups of all time. Led by singer Jim Morrison, along with Ray Manzarek (keyboards), Robby Krieger (guitar) and John Densmore (drums), the group is thought of today as a major influence on rock music, and they are still just as popular as they ever were, if not more popular.

The group was widely known for its lead singer, Jim Morrison, who was famous for his love of alcohol and illegal drugs. Morrison often sang at concerts after using alcohol and drugs, sometimes so drunk that he could not remember the words to his own songs. Once, Morrison was said to have shown his private parts to the audience, and he was charged with a crime. 

Morrison died in Paris, France, on July 3, 1971. His death is thought to have been caused by a heart attack brought on by a drug overdose.

There is a 1991 movie about them, also called The Doors. It was directed by Oliver Stone and starred Val Kilmer as Jim Morrison.

Discography
Studio albums
 The Doors (1967)
 Strange Days (1967)
 Waiting for the Sun (1968)
 The Soft Parade (1969)
 Morrison Hotel (1970)
 L.A. Woman (1971)
 Other Voices (1971)
 Full Circle (1972)

Notes

1965 establishments in California
 
1970s disestablishments in California
American rock bands
Musical groups disestablished in the 1970s
Musical groups established in 1965
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Mickey Gilley

Mickey Leroy Gilley (March 9, 1936 – May 7, 2022) was an American country musician and singer-songwriter. He was a cousin of Jerry Lee Lewis and Jimmy Swaggart. He was best known for his nightclub "Gilley's" which was featured in the movie Urban Cowboy and his hit song "Don't The Girls All Get Prettier At Closing Time". He was born in Natchez, Mississippi. His career began in 1957.

Gilley died on May 7, 2022 in Branson, Missouri at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Official Website
 Mickey Gilley at Third Coast Talent
 at the Delta Music Museum Hall of Fame
 Gilley's Early Rock and Roll Recordings

1936 births
2022 deaths
Musicians from Mississippi
Singers from Mississippi
American country singers
Writers from Mississippi
American singer-songwriters
Country musicians from Mississippi
American pianists
Jerry Lee Lewis

Jerry Lee Lewis (September 29, 1935 – October 28, 2022) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. His best known singles were "Great Balls of Fire", "Breathless", and "High School Confidential". He was honored in the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in 2022.

Career
Like other music players who were known by many people around the same time as him Johnny Cash, Elvis Presley, Roy Orbison, and Carl Perkins, Lewis sang gospel and country music before becoming well known for rock and roll. He was known for his wild style of piano playing and songs like "Whole Lotta Shakin' Going On" and "Great Balls of Fire".

Lewis got a career boost, when he performed on The Steve Allen Show. His first son was named Steve Allen Lewis, as a tribute.

At a time when Lewis was very popular, people found out that his third wife, Myra Gale Brown, was a thirteen-year-old distant cousin of his. People thought this was bad. His career nearly came to an end. In the early 1960s, he made a comeback. Throughout the next two decades he suffered many personal problems, including health problems, and divorce. 

On November 22, 1976, Lewis was arrested outside Elvis Presley's Graceland home for trying to shoot him.

Many people think of him as an icon and pioneer of popular music.

A 1989 movie, Great Balls of Fire, starring Dennis Quaid and Winona Ryder, is about his life.

Personal life
Lewis was born in Ferriday, Louisiana. He was a cousin of Mickey Gilley and Jimmy Swaggart. 

Lewis was married seven times, There were some bigamous marriages and a marriage with his underage cousin. He had six children during his marriages.

When Jerry Lee Lewis was 16, he married Dorothy Barton, the daughter of a preacher. Their union lasted for 20 months, from February 1952 to October 1953.

He preferred young girls, and several of his marriages were of doubtful legality. His third marriage was to 13-year-old Myra Gale Brown, his first cousin once removed, on December 12, 1957. It is worth remembering that every state had its own legal system, and what was lawful in Tennessee might not have been lawful in some other states.

Lewis died on October 28, 2022 at his home in Nesbit, Mississippi at the age of 87. At the time of his death, he was recovering from the flu.

References

Other websites

1935 births
2022 deaths
American country singers
American rock singers
American rock guitarists
American country guitarists
American pianists
Writers from Mississippi
Writers from Louisiana
American singer-songwriters
Country musicians from Louisiana
Singers from Louisiana
Singers from Mississippi
Country musicians from Mississippi
Jimmy Swaggart

Jimmy Lee Swaggart (born March 15, 1935) is an American Pentecostal televangelist (a preacher who gives services on TV). His church, Family Worship Center, is in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Swaggart first started his television ministry in 1975, and it continues today, over 33 years later. The show airs nationally across the U.S. and overseas. The weekly Jimmy Swaggart Telecast and A Study in the Word are shown nationwide and overseas on 78 channels in 104 countries and live over the Internet. He preaches a message called "The Cross" which is that you can only get to heaven through Jesus.

Swaggart was born in Ferriday, Louisiana, USA. He is a cousin of musicians Jerry Lee Lewis and Mickey Gilley. Swaggart is married to Frances Swaggart, who hosts the popular SonLife Radio program, Frances and Friends. They have one son, Donnie, who is also a minister. They have three grandchildren, Jennifer, Gabriel and Matthew Swaggart. Gabriel also serves the ministry as pastor of Crossfire Youth Ministries.

He has also been a very controversial figure, too. He was caught with a prostitute in 1987, but later asked God (and the public) for forgiveness. He was caught again in 1991.

References

1935 births
Living people
American Pentecostals
People from Louisiana
Television evangelists
Pluto (mythology)

Pluto is the god of the underworld in Roman mythology. Pluto was also the god of wealth because diamonds and other jewels come from underground.

A myth about Pluto is that he took Proserpina, who was the daughter of Ceres, to the underworld to be his wife. Ceres cried and did not let plants grow on the Earth. People needed the plants so much that the god Jupiter made Pluto give her up. The deal they worked out was that for six months, Pluto got Proserpina. While Proserpina was in the underworld, no plants could grow on Earth and it was winter. When Proserpina went back to her mother, it was summer. This was how the Romans explained the seasons. Pluto also had a three-headed dog named Cerberus that guarded the gates to the underworld.

The dwarf planet Pluto was named after this god.

Related pages

 Hades - Greek mythology version of Pluto

Roman gods and goddesses
Gods and goddesses of the underworld
Maoism

Maoism is the communist (a plan about how countries should work) idea created by the Chinese man Mao Zedong. Mao believed that peasants, not factory workers, should lead the communist revolution (change in government). China followed Maoism when he became leader, in 1949. This created differences with communism in the USSR and Cuba. Maoism is still practiced in China today, but it has become different since Mao died in 1976. Today the Chinese economy is still considered a communistic economy. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) completely controls all aspects of production and sets workers wages artificially low for the "good of all", which is the basic premise of Maoism. All worker production is also relegated to the overall good and equality of all,  the definition of which is also determined by the state (CCP). This effectively shackles the profit motive (upward wage mobility) for the working class, as upward mobility is all but nonexistent except for those in line with, or actively participating in, the Chinese Communist Party.

Overview 
Maoism was a theory created because of Mao’s beliefs and ideologies. Similar to Karl Marx, he agrees that a proletariat revolution is essential in order for society to change. As opposed to Marx who states that the factory workers should revolutionize, Mao felt that the farmers in China were the ones in need of this revolution.  Marx supports an economically strong state that is industrialized. Mao on the other hand, does not support industrialization or technology. 

The reasoning behind this is that he felt that industrialization would give owners the ability to exploit their workers even more which will result in a weakened proletariat class. While Karl Marx viewed industrialization to play vital role in the proletariat since factory workers were most likely the ones suffering under capitalism. Marxism states that “social change is driven by the economy” meaning that society and the economy are intertwined; while Maoism states that willpower is what changes us. 

Then in 1960 as the USSR denounced Stalin’s ideas who Mao was an avid admirer of, Mao’s own popularity started to decrease.  With the leader Liu Shaoqi, Mao’s policies were no longer in effect.  Then in 1964, the “Cultural Revolution” happened due to the distribution of Mao’s “Little Red Book” which reemphasized his ideologies. This resulted in the deaths of many civilians due to conflicts and fighting between Mao’s party and the Red Guard.

References

Related pages
Chinese Civil War

Other websites
Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism international project
Marx2Mao.org Mao Internet Library
The Encyclopedia of Marxism  Mao Zedong Thought.
The Encyclopedia of Marxism  Mao's life.
Monthly Review January 2005  Text of the leaflets distributed by the Zhengzhou Four.
World Revolution Media  Maoist revolutionary film, music, and art archive
 Batchelor, J. Maoism and Classical Marxism , Clio History Journal, 2009.

Politics of the People's Republic of China
Marxism
John Landis

John Landis (born August 3, 1950) is an American movie director. Landis was born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in Los Angeles, California. He started his career working as a mailboy at 20th Century Fox.

Some of his movies are:

 The Kentucky Fried Movie
 National Lampoon's Animal House
 The Blues Brothers
 An American Werewolf in London
 Trading Places
 Into the Night

He directed the music videos for Michael Jackson's "Thriller" and "Black or White". "Thriller" won the Video Vanguard Award for The Greatest Video in the History of the World.

Other websites 

1950 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Movie directors from Chicago
Movie producers from Los Angeles
Movie producers from Chicago
Screenwriters from Chicago
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
Edith Massey

Edith Massey (May 25, 1918 - October 24, 1984) was an American actress.

She acted in several of director John Waters' most well-known movies: Multiple Maniacs, Pink Flamingos, Female Trouble, Desperate Living, and Polyester. Waters discovered Massey as a waitress in a Baltimore, Maryland, USA bar he and his friends frequented.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Massey capitalized on her Waters infamy by touring as the lead singer of a punk band (Edie and the Eggs) and opening a thrift store in Baltimore called Edith's Shopping Bag.

Director Robert Maier made a documentary short about her in 1975 called Love Letter to Edie.

American movie actors
1918 births
1984 deaths
Actors from San Francisco
1875



Events 
 March 3 – Georges Bizet's Carmen debuts in Paris
 Wadworth Brewery founded.

Births 
 February 2 – Fritz Kreisler, Austrian violinist and composer
 February 28 – Christie MacDonald, actress and singer
 May – Paul Sarebresole
 July 26 – Carl Jung
 September 3 – Ferdinand Porsche, German car designer

Deaths 
 June 3 – Georges Bizet

Published music
 "Angels, Meet Me At the Cross Road"     w.m. Will Hays
 "Carve Dat Possum" by Sam Lucas & Herbert Hershy
 "Dreaming Forever of Thee"      w.m. John Hill Hewitt
 "Grandfather's Clock"     w.m. Henry C. Work
 "I'll Take You Home Again, Kathleen"     w.m. Thomas P. Westendorf
 "Nancy Lee" w. Frederick Edward Weatherly, m. Stephen Adams (pseudonym of Michael Maybrick)
 "The Witches Flight (Galop Caprice)" by Henry A. Russell

Musical theater 
 Trial By Jury, Gilbert & Sullivan, London production opened at the Royalty Theatre on March 25
 Trial By Jury Philadelphia production opened at the Arch Street Theatre on October 22
 Trial By Jury, New York production opened at the Eagle Theatre on November 15
 The Zoo, Lyrics and Book: Bolton Rowe Music: Arthur Sullivan, London production opened at St. James Theatre on June 5
Ankst

Ankst is a Welsh independent record label formed in 1988 at Aberystwyth University. Ankst has been the launch-pad for several popular Welsh artists, including Super Furry Animals and Gorky's Zygotic Mynci. The label is now based in Pentraeth on Anglesey.

Other websites
Official website

British record labels
1988 establishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century establishments in Wales
T. S. Eliot

Thomas Stearns Eliot OM (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965) was an American-born British poet. He was one of the most influential poets of the 20th century. He also wrote plays and some important essays about literature.

Early life
He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, then went to college in Harvard. He spent most of his adult life in London, England. He became a British citizen in 1928.

Career
One famous book of his was written for children and is called The Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats. The songs in the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical Cats are based on poems in it. He also wrote "The Waste Land", a very mysterious, complicated poem that helped start a new style called Modernism. His friend, Ezra Pound, another Modern poet, helped him finish it. His poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" and his play Murder in the Cathedral (about Thomas Becket) are also well known.

Personal life and death
He was married two times. He worked at a bank in England and later as the head editor of a famous publishing company in London that is now called Faber and Faber. In 1948, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature. He died of emphysema in London.

1888 births
1965 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American Christians
American essayists
American literary critics
American playwrights
American poets
British Anglicans
British essayists
British Nobel Prize winners
British playwrights
British poets
Deaths from emphysema
Disease-related deaths in England
Harvard University alumni
Literary critics
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Order of Merit
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri
Andrew Lloyd Webber

Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is a British composer and impresario of musical theatre. His company, the Really Useful Group, is one of the largest theatre operators in London.

Career 
In 2018, Webber became one of fifteen people to win an Oscar, Grammy, Tony and Emmy Award.

During his career, he has produced 15 musicals (several have run at the West End and on Broadway for ten or more years). His lyricists have included: Tim Rice, Don Black, Christopher Hampton, Richard Stilgoe, and Ben Elton. He wrote the music for two movies: Gumshoe and The Odessa File. He wrote a Latin requiem mass. He has won many awards for his work, most notably seven Tony Awards, three Grammy Awards, an Oscar, an International Emmy, six Olivier Awards, and a Golden Globe Award. Lloyd Webber was knighted in 1992, and entered the House of Lords in 1997.

Personal life 
Lloyd Webber's second marriage was to the actress and singer Sarah Brightman. They divorced in 1990. Lloyd Webber's third and current wife is Madeleine Gurdon, a former three-day event horsewoman. His younger brother is cellist Julian Lloyd Webber. On 25 October 2009, it was reported that Webber had been diagnosed with the early stages of prostate cancer. He had an operation and has recovered.

Musicals

He has many musical plays, including:

 Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (1967)
 Jesus Christ Superstar (1970)
 Evita (1976)
 Cats (1981)
 Song and Dance (1982)
 Starlight Express (1984)
 Phantom of the Opera (1984): as an idea, (1985): Started development and 1st debut, (1986): as 2 pop singles early that year and in October 9th 1st public debut
 Aspects of Love (1989)
 Sunset Blvd. (1993)
 By Jeeves (1996), a rewritten 1974 show
 Whistle Down the Wind (1998)
 The Beautiful Game (2000)
 The Woman in White (2004)
 Love Never Dies (2010)

References 

1948 births
Living people
Academy Award winning composers
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Emmy Award winners
English theatre directors
English composers
Golden Globe Award winning composers
Theatre producers
Grammy Award winners
Members of the House of Lords
People educated at Westminster School, London
Television personalities from London
Tony Award winners
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Bob Kane

Bob Kane (October 24, 1915 – November 3, 1998) was an American cartoonist. He is best known for creating the superhero Batman with Bill Finger.

References

Writers from New York City
American cartoonists
American comics artists
American comics writers
American entertainers
DC Comics
Batman
1915 births
1998 deaths
Val Kilmer

Val Kilmer (born December 31, 1959) is an American actor, best known for his roles in Tombstone, The Doors, Heat and Batman Forever. He was married to Joanne Whalley from 1988 until they divorced in 1996. The couple had a daughter and son.

In January 2015, Kilmer was hospitalized for massive bleeding in his throat. In December 2017, Kilmer said he had a "two-year battle with throat cancer...and a procedure on his trachea has reduced his voice to a rasp and rendered him short of breath."

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 Kilmer's Official website
 
 

1959 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors who played Batman
Christian Scientists
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Eva Gabor

Eva Gabor (February 11, 1919 – July 4, 1995) was a Hungarian-American actress. She was born in Budapest. She was best known for her role as Lisa Douglas on the television series, Green Acres. Her elder sisters, Zsa Zsa and Magda Gabor, were also actresses and socialites. She died of pneumonia on July 4, 1995 in Los Angeles, California.

Filmography

Other websites 

Actors from Budapest
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Deaths from pneumonia
Hungarian movie actors
Hungarian television actors
Infectious disease deaths in California
1919 births
1995 deaths
Snoopy

Snoopy is Charlie Brown's pet beagle in the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz.  Born on the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm, Snoopy started out in the background.  Eventually he stood on his hind legs and became a main character.  Snoopy has many alter egos, and many siblings.

Snoopy's house looks small from the outside, but the inside is much bigger, like the Tardis from Doctor Who.  He has many things in his house, including a TV set, Van Gogh painting, pool table, cedar closet, and many other things.  It has been destroyed multiple times, including being burnt down, destroyed by a falling icicle, and being smashed by the violent cat who lives next door.

Snoopy's family
Spike, brother, who lives in a desert in Needles, California.
Olaf, brother, lives with Andy.  He is fat, or "roly-poly" as he describes himself.
Andy, brother, lives with Olaf. He is very shaggy.
Marbles, brother, doesn't understand Snoopy's fantasies.
Belle, sisters, is cute and fashionable.
Rover is yet another one of Snoopy's brothers. He doesn't appear in the comic strip, only in the movies/TV shows.
Molly, sister. Like Rover, she appears only in certain movies/TV shows.
Missy is Snoopy's mother.

Snoopy's costumes
Snoopy has many alter egos. Most are "World Famous".
Joe Cool: He is a cool college student and likes girls.
World War I Flying Ace: He is a fighter pilot who flies a Sopwith Camel (actually Snoopy's dog house).
World Famous Author: He writes many stories. Most of his stories begin with "It was a dark and stormy night...", and most are also not very good.
World Famous Lawyer: He is a lawyer who loves to sue people and also loves eating doughnuts. 
World Famous Beagle Scout: He is a scout troop leader. The scouts in his troop are Woodstock (Snoopy's best friend) and a few birds that Woodstock is friends with.

References

Other websites

The page about Snoopy at the Peanuts Wiki.

Fictional dogs
Annapolis, Maryland

Annapolis is the capital city of the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the census in 2020, its population was 40,812. It is home to the United States Naval Academy, where the United States Naval Officers get their training. It is also home to Saint John's College, originally King William's School founded in 1696. Annapolis is the oldest seat of government still in service in America.

History
Annapolis became the temporary capital of the United States after the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783. Congress was in session in the state house from November 26, 1783 to June 3, 1784, and it was in Annapolis on December 23, 1783 that General Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.

Chesapeake Bay
Annapolis is also known as the sailing capital of the U.S. It is on Chesapeake Bay, the largest inland tidal estuary in the world. The Chesapeake Bay can not sustain the higher life that once filled these waters, and 3 of the main harvests need to be re-stocked by man in order to maintain 1/10th (or less) of the numbers - Oysters and Rockfish, and more recently as reported in the Capital, Blue Crab stocks are at an all-time and ever-decreasing low, with scientists from University of Maryland researching how to raise crabs for re-introduction.

Nature
Chesapeake Bay Native plants and animals are often crowded out by invasive species which are more hardy to the now-polluted environment. Fragmites, the Chinese Mitten Crab, English Ivy, and the Mute Swan are examples of invasive species thriving in this man-altered environment.

Transport
Annapolis is the only capital city in America east of the Mississippi River without any rail transportation.

References

Former capitals of the United States
 
County seats in Maryland
State capitals in the United States
1640s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
Keanu Reeves

Keanu Charles Reeves (born September 2, 1964) is a Canadian actor. He is known for his roles in movies like the Bill and Ted series, The Matrix series, Speed, and John Wick. He also played John Constantine in the 2005 movie Constantine.

At age 9, he started his acting career by appearing onstage, and at age 14, he appeared in Canadian television series and commercials.  He also appeared in short movies and stage work in early 1980s. Keanu acted his first significant role in River's Edge (1987), and the next year (1988), he appeared in some movies such as Dangerous Liaisons and Permanent Record.  In 1989, he appeared in the successful comedy Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, which was one of the Bill and Ted series.  In 2008 he played the alien in The Day the Earth Stood Still.

In 2014, he began playing John Wick in three movies: John Wick, John Wick: Chapter 2 and John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum. In 2022, he voiced Batman / Bruce Wayne in the animated movie DC League of Super-Pets. Keanu Reeves is married to Thelma flores age 33.

Early life
Reeves was born in Beirut, Lebanon. He is the son of Patricia Bond (née Taylor), an English-born costume designer/performer, and Samuel Nowlin Reeves, Jr. His father, who is a Hawaiian-born American, has English, Native Hawaiian, Chinese, Irish, and Portuguese ancestry. Reeves has said: "My grandmother is Chinese and Hawaiian, so I was around Chinese art, furniture and cuisine when I was growing up". He is named after his uncle, and his first name is a Hawaiian word that means 'cool breeze over the mountains'.

Filmography

References

Other websites

1964 births
Living people
Actors from Toronto
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Native Hawaiians
Tron

Tron is a 1982 American science fiction movie released by Walt Disney Pictures. The movie stars Jeff Bridges as Kevin Flynn (and Clu), Bruce Boxleitner as Alan Bradley (and Tron) and Cindy Morgan as Lora (and Yori). David Warner plays the villain, Dillinger (and Sark, as well as the voice of the "Master Control Program"). It was directed by Steven Lisberger. One of the first movies to use computer animations extensively, Tron has a distinctive visual style.

The music for the movie was written by Wendy Carlos, and there were also two songs from the band Journey.

Even though it got mixed success soon after its debut, Tron has gained a cult following thanks to its computer-generated imagery (CGI) and hero story. Several video games have been based on it.

A twentieth anniversary DVD edition came out in 2002. In early 2005, Disney revealed plans for a sequel. The sequel was called Tron Legacy and was released in 2010. It tells the story of Flynn's son Sam.

References

Other websites 

 

1982 science fiction movies
American science fiction movies
Cult movies
Disney movies
English-language movies