alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Gil Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias

Gil Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias (26 May 1946 – 17 January 2019), was a Spanish judge at the European Court of Justice between 31 January 1986 and 7 October 2004. He was 9th President of the Court from 7 October 1994 to 7 October 2004.

Biography
Born in Gijón, Asturias, Gil Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias had a degree at University of Oviedo, (1968) and doctorate in law at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (1975). In 1982 he was appointed Professor of Public International Law at the University of Extremadura and he held the same Chair at the University of Granada from 22 June 1983 to 11 October 2003. He spent time as both Judge (6 May 1986 - 31 October 2003) and President (7 October 1994 – 7 October 2004) of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. In December 2003 he was appointed Professor of Public International Law at Madrid’s Universidad Complutense. He was Jean Monnet Chair of European Community Law, Director of the Department of European Studies at the Instituto Universitario Ortega y Gasset (2004–05), Co-director of the Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo and member of the Editorial Boards of various law reviews.

He authored a number of publications, particularly on European Union Law, among which are to be highlighted those on State monopolies and the public sector, the judicial application of EU law, European constitutional affairs and the protection of fundamental rights and liberties.

See also
List of members of the European Court of Justice

External links
European Court of Justice Official site

References

1946 births
2019 deaths
People from Gijón
European Union law scholars
Presidents of the European Court of Justice
Recipients of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania
University of Oviedo alumni
Spanish judges of international courts and tribunals
1928 Greek legislative election

Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 19 August 1928. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 178 of the 250 seats.

Background
The Venizelists entered the elections as a coalition of five "parties of the liberals" under the leadership of Eleftherios Venizelos. These parties were the Democratic Union (later the Agricultural and Labour Party) under the leadership of Alexandros Papanastasiou, the National Democratic Party led by Georgios Kondylis, the Conservative Democratic Party under Andreas Michalakopoulos and the Progressive Union under the leadership of Konstantinos Zavitsanos. Because he wanted to follow an independent line from Venizelos, Georgios Kafantaris together with some personal friends and various dissatisfied liberals founded the Progressive Party.

The anti-Venizelist movement went into the elections divided as the People's Party, the Freethinkers' Party and a few independent royalists who put themselves up for election. The former dictator, Theodoros Pangalos, stood for election in Athens as chief of the National Union. In addition there were a large number of unaligned and independent candidates. Finally, the Communist Party of Greece entered the elections as the United Front.

Results

References

Parliamentary elections in Greece
Greece
Legislative election
1920s in Greek politics
Eleftherios Venizelos
History of Greece (1924–1941)
Greece
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
Legl
WSQX-FM

WSQX-FM is an NPR member radio station in south-central New York State. It operates in Binghamton, New York, on 91.5 MHz (FM), and has an effective radiated power of 3.5 kW. The signal is repeated in Greene by WSQN 88.1 MHz, in Corning by translator station W214AA on 90.7 MHz, and in Cooperstown by translator station W290CI on 105.9 MHz.

WSQX-FM began broadcast at the beginning of 1995. The station had long aired an expanded schedule of NPR news programming, along with jazz music. However, on February 3, 2019, it switched to a mix of classical music during the week and jazz and folk music on weekends, consolidating all NPR news programming on sister station WSKG-FM.

WSKG-TV and WSKG-FM are other broadcast stations owned and operated by the WSKG Public Telecommunications Council.

Simulcast

Translators

See also
 WIOX
 WSKG-FM

External links
WSQX official website

Other station data

NPR member stations
SQX-FM
Public radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1995
1995 establishments in New York (state)
WSKG-FM

WSKG-FM, 89.3 MHz FM, is an NPR member station in Binghamton, New York. It has an effective radiated power of 11.5 kW. Due to hilly terrain, the signal is repeated on several other frequencies located throughout South Central New York State.

WSKG-FM began broadcast in October 1975. Its operator WSKG Public Telecommunications Council is a cooperative non-profit of the State University of New York Board of Regents and New York State Department of Education.

The station's format had long been principally classical music, NPR talk radio programs, and NPR news, with jazz on Friday evenings after All Things Considered and various folk music played on Saturday evenings after A Prairie Home Companion. On February 3, 2019, WSKG shuffled programming so that WSKG-FM took on an all-NPR and BBC talk and news format.

WSKG-TV and WSQX-FM are other broadcast stations operated by the WSKG Public Telecommunications Council.

Simulcasts
WSKG-FM has five repeater stations to rebroadcast its programming

Translators

See also
 WIOX
 WSQX-FM

References

External links

 Other station data

NPR member stations
Public radio stations in the United States
SKG-FM
Radio stations established in 1975
1975 establishments in New York (state)
Halazepam

Halazepam  is a benzodiazepine derivative that was marketed under the brand names Paxipam in the United States,  Alapryl in Spain, and Pacinone in Portugal.

Medical uses
Halazepam was used for the treatment of anxiety.

Adverse effects
Adverse effects include drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, and sedation.  Gastrointestinal side effects have also been reported including dry mouth and nausea.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were listed in Current Psychotherapeutic Drugs published on June 15, 1998 as follows:

Regulatory Information
Halazepam is classified as a schedule 4 controlled substance with a corresponding code 2762 by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).

Commercial production
Halazepam was invented by Schlesinger Walter in the U.S. It was marketed as an anti-anxiety agent in 1981. However, Halazepam is not commercially available in the United States because it was withdrawn by its manufacturer for poor sales.

See also
Benzodiazepines
Nordazepam
Diazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
Quazepam, fletazepam, triflubazam — benzodiazepines with trifluoromethyl group attached

References

External links
 Inchem - Halazepam

Withdrawn drugs
Benzodiazepines
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Lactams
Trifluoromethyl compounds
Iran Policy Committee

The Iran Policy Committee (IPC), formed in February 2005, is a pressure group meant to influence US government policy towards Iran. IPC is made up of former White House, State Department, The Pentagon and CIA officials as well as scholars from think tanks and academia.

Aims
According to its website, the Iran Policy Committee sees the current debate on American policy towards Iran as focused on two strategies: diplomatic engagement with the Iranian government or military strikes. The IPC says that while it believes that both of these options should be considered, it favors the third proposal, namely, working with Iranian opposition groups "to facilitate democratic change." Its support of opposition groups includes support of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK)

Co-chairs, directors, and personnel
The most important members of the committee apart from the President, Prof. Raymond Tanter, include the following: 
James E. Akins
Paul Leventhal
Neil Livingstone
R. Bruce McColm
Thomas McInerney
Charles T. Nash
Edward Rowny
Paul E. Vallely
 Clare Lopez - served as Executive Director from 2005–2006

References

External links
 http://www.iranpolicy.org Iran Policy Committee website
 Appearances on C-SPAN
 Press Release, "Members of Congress, Iran Policy Committee Meet to Discuss U.S. Policy Options for Iran", April 7, 2005

Foreign policy and strategy think tanks in the United States
Ismail as-Sadr

Ismail as-Sadr () (died 1919–1920) was a Lebanese Grand Ayatollah, a title which is used in Iran and Iraq referring  to a Twelver Shi'a scholar who is a fully qualified mujtahid who asserts authority over peers and followers by virtue of sufficient study and achievement of the level of necessary competency needed to obtain permission (ijāza) to practice ijtihad.

Life and family
Sayyid Ismail as-Sadr is the grandfather of the well-known and respected Sadr family. He is the first to be known with the last name of as-Sadr after his father Sadr ad-Din ibn Salih, whose ancestors had been from the Jabal Amel in Lebanon.

Ismail As-Sadr was born in Isfahan, Iran. He is the youngest of five brothers all of whom became scholars of Shia Islam. He had four sons:
Muhammad Mahdi as-Sadr (1879-1939), grandfather of Mohammad al-Sadr (killed 1999), great-grandfather of Muqtada as-Sadr
Sadr ad-Din as-Sadr (1881-1954), father of Musa as-Sadr (disappeared/killed 1978) and Rabab al-Sadr
Haydar as-Sadr (1891-1937), father of  Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr and Amina al-Sadr (both killed in 1980)
a fourth son.

He resided in Najaf, Iraq, and became the sole marja until his death in 1338 A.H. (c. 1919–1920).

See also
List of Shi'a Muslim scholars of Islam

References

Sadr, Ismail as-
Sadr, Ismail as-
Iranian people of Lebanese descent
Lebanese ayatollahs
Iraqi Shia Muslims
Al-Moussawi family
1919 deaths
Pupils of Muhammad Kadhim Khorasani
Lotus M90

The Lotus M90 (sometimes referred to as the Lotus X100) is a concept car that was developed by Lotus using many Toyota parts. Rumors were circulated that it was the initial design for the MKI MR2, but, though sharing an engine, it bears very little resemblance to the mid-engine roadster. The project was the last one overseen by Lotus founder Colin Chapman before his death in 1982.

In 1981, Oliver Winterbottom was brought back to Lotus, after a stint developing the Tasmin for TVR, to design a new car to complement the Excel and the Esprit and bring some profitability to the lineup. The new car was to resurrect the Elan name which had not been used since 1975 and, like the Excel, make use of the company's close relationship with Toyota to use already well-engineered suspension and engine components. Initial designs were a coupé that didn't get much of an enthusiastic response from the board of the company. The project stalled when company founder Colin Chapman died in 1982, as Lotus found itself in financial trouble. David Wickens of British Car Auctions ended up taking a controlling interest in the company, and the project was started up again, but renamed to the X100 (the Elan later being known as the M100). After redesigning the car to be a convertible the go ahead was given in 1984 to make a single prototype. It was built to a high level of finish, but by that time most of the company's engineers were concentrating on the new front-wheel-drive Elan, and the prototype was warehoused at the company's factory. In 1998 it was auctioned off along with several other rare Lotus cars, and sold to a private collector, and shipped to the United States.

The M90 makes use of a front-mounted 1.6L  4-cylinder Toyota engine, as well as a Toyota-built 5-speed transmission and final drive. The suspension uses the same setup as is found in the Lotus Excel. The instrument cluster is from an Opel Monza and the radiator is from an Austin Allegro. The rear lights are borrowed from the Aston Martin Lagonda and the indicators are from the Ford Fiesta. The body is made of fibreglass and the roof is lowered in two pieces. The top is removed separately and fits in the boot, to create a 'targa' style roof, and the rear portion folds down like a typical convertible.

This car is featured in a book released in June 2017 by Oliver Winterbottom titled A Life in Car Design, in which the author provides insight into the design and construction of the M90 along with photographs and related documentation.

References 

Lotus Elan M90

M90
Concept cars
Fillér

Fillér () was the name of various small-denomination coins throughout Hungarian history. It was the  subdivision of the Austro-Hungarian and the Hungarian korona, the pengő and the forint. The name derives from the German word  (four). Originally it was the name of the four-kreuzer coin.  Due to significant inflation that took place after the fall of communism, fillér coins are no longer in circulation.  The last fillér coin, worth 50 fillér (0.5 forint) was removed from circulation in 1999.  However, it continues to be used in calculations, for example in the price of petrol (e.g. 479.9 forint/litre), or in the prices of telephone calls.

See also

 Coins of the Austro-Hungarian krone
 Coins of the Hungarian pengő
 Coins of the Hungarian forint

Currencies of Hungary
Barry McConnell

Barry McConnell (born 1 January 1977) is an English footballer who plays for Exmouth Town. He is primarily a right sided defender or midfielder.

Career
Born in Exeter, Devon, McConnell originally came through Exeter City's youth system in 1995, and was a first-team player for almost 10 years, featuring in a variety of positions. He also had a testimonial match against Charlton Athletic in which a host of big names played such as Danny Murphy. Exeter lost the game 4-1 and McConnell did not start but he came on to convert a penalty.

Upon his departure in December 2005, he spent a brief period with Tamworth before moving to Forest Green Rovers whom he left at the end of the 2005/2006 season.

He began the 2006–2007 season with Tiverton Town and had a short spell with Weston-super-Mare before signing an 18-month contract with Dorchester in February 2007, but Dorchester later released him.

In the 2007–2008 season McConnell again linked up with Weston after being signed by new manager Tony Ricketts. This marked his third stint at the club and he featured regularly in the first team. He made over 30 appearances for the club before signing with Truro after the close of the 2007–08 season.

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Exeter
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Exeter City F.C. players
Weston-super-Mare A.F.C. players
Tamworth F.C. players
Forest Green Rovers F.C. players
Tiverton Town F.C. players
Dorchester Town F.C. players
Weymouth F.C. players
Truro City F.C. players
Exmouth Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Pinazepam

Pinazepam (marketed under the brand name Domar and Duna) is a benzodiazepine drug. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.

Pinazepam and its metabolite N-desmethyldiazepam are transferred to the developing fetus in utero, but the plasma drug level in the mother is usually significantly higher than in the fetus.

Pinazepam differs from other benzodiazepines in that it has a propargyl group at the N-1 position of the benzodiazepine structure. It is less toxic than diazepam and in animal studies it appears to produce anxiolytic and anti-agitation properties with limited hypnotic and motor coordination impairing properties. Pinazepam is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. The main active metabolites of pinazepam are depropargylpinazepam (N-desmethyldiazepam, nordazepam) and oxazepam. In humans pinazepam acts as a pure anxiolytic agent in that it does not possess to any significant degree the other pharmacological characteristics of benzodiazepines. Its lack of intellectual, motor and hypnotic impairing effects makes it more appropriate than other benzodiazepines for day time use. The elimination half-life is longer in the elderly.

See also 
Benzodiazepine

References

External links 
 Inchem - Pinazepam

Propargyl compounds
Benzodiazepines
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Lactams
Health board

Health board may refer to:

District health boards in New Zealand
Health Board (Estonia)
Health board (Ireland)
Local board of health, in England and Wales from 1848 to 1894
Local health boards in Wales
National Board of Health (Denmark)
NHS Scotland#Regional health boards
New York City's Metropolitan Board of Health
The Exchange Session Vol. 1

The Exchange Session Vol. 1 is a 2006 album by Kieran Hebden and Steve Reid, recorded in one day at The Exchange Mastering Studios in London. The album contains no overdubbing or editing.

Track listing
 "Morning Prayer" – 6:38
 "Soul Oscillations" – 14:19
 "Electricity and Drum Will Change Your Mind" – 15:45

Personnel
Steve Reid – drums and percussion
Kieran Hebden – electronics

References

External links
Kieran Hebden and Steve Reid - official website

2006 albums
Domino Recording Company albums
Albums produced by Kieran Hebden
Collaborative albums
Freiman Mall

Freiman Mall (French: Mall Freiman) is an enclosed shopping arcade between Rideau and George Streets in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, east of Sussex Drive and west of William Street. The adjacent Hudson's Bay department store abuts the Freiman Mall on both its north and south sides, and can be accessed from the Freiman Mall interior in downtown Ottawa.

History

The current location of the Freiman Mall was once a public street called Mosgrove Street, located immediately to the east of the Freimans department store which was adjacent to the ByWard Market and the former Metropolitan department store. The street was later renamed Freiman Street after the department store and its founder, Archibald Jacob Freiman. The Freimans department store was acquired by the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) in 1972 and rebranded as an outlet of the company's (then) "The Bay" chain.

In conjunction with the development of the Rideau Centre across the street, the City of Ottawa agreed in 1981 to close Freiman Street and to lease the land to the HBC for a term of 99 years in exchange for the construction of an enclosed, public pedestrian passageway connecting Rideau Street to George Street and the ByWard Market, to be open 24 hours per day. Under the terms of the lease, HBC was entitled to install three kiosks related to its store within the new Freiman Mall. The company and the city would share operating and security costs, with the city's share based on the proportion of public (non-retail) floor area and the amount of time the mall would be open past the store's operating hours.

The Freiman Mall was officially opened by Ottawa mayor Marion Dewar on May 12, 1983, at which time a commemorative plaque was unveiled within the mall honouring A. J. Freiman and his family.

In order to reduce the city's share of the operating and security costs, the lease was amended in 1992 to allow HBC to encroach into the Freiman Mall with its merchandise displays, as long as a minimum -wide public passageway was maintained. So as to reduce security costs, the lease amendment also allowed the company to close the Freiman Mall during a portion of the night.

References

 
Pedestrian malls in Canada
Shopping malls established in 1983
Buildings and structures in Ottawa
Shopping arcades in Canada
Hudson's Bay Company
1983 establishments in Ontario
Macheng

Macheng () is a city in northeastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China, bordering the provinces of Henan to the north and Anhui to the northeast. It is a county-level city under the administration of Huanggang City and abuts the south side of the Dabie Mountains. The city's administrative area covers about , and includes some 704 villages and small towns. Total population was 849,092 at the 2010 census.

History
Macheng has a long history, dating back to the Spring and Autumn period as part of the state of Chu, and was the site of the historic Battle of Boju fought between Chu and Wu in 506 BC. It was named Macheng in 598 AD.

In 1927, a major peasant revolt erupted in Macheng, creating a strong base for the ensuing Communist revolution in 1949. More than 100,000 people joined Mao's Red Army under local Generals, Wang Shusheng and Chen Zaidao. A guerilla base in Macheng was eliminated in the Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Dabieshan.

Macheng played a key role during the Great Leap Forward. In an effort to increase crop yields, the local communist cadres began demolishing walls of old buildings, abandoned huts and farm stables where animals had urinated to provide nutrients for the soil. In January 1958, Macheng County was exalted by the provincial party secretary, Wang Renzhong. for reaching a rice yield of six tonnes per hectare. The People's Daily applauded the efforts in an op-ed and labelled it as a 'model commune' which attracted more than half a million cadres in 1958, including Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi and Li Xiannian. Spurred on by the positive coverage, overzealous local officials destroyed more than 50,000 houses in an effort to make more manure which spurred other neighboring counties and provinces to follow. As many as 30–40% of all houses in China were destroyed following this incident during the Great Leap Forward.

Geography

Administrative Divisions
Macheng administers:

Geography of city
The county-level city of Macheng has a total land area of 3,600 km2 (1,400 sq mi). It is located in the northeastern portions of Hubei. Most of the higher elevation portions of the Dabie Mountains is on the northern portions of the city. It is bordered by Henan to the northwest and Anhui to the northeast respectively. The region where Macheng is located is considered as a subtropical area and the Dabie mountainous terrain is mainly to the north and northeast.

Climate
Macheng has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa) with very hot summers and relatively cold winters.

Hydrology 
Two major rivers, Jushui and Bashui, flow through Macheng. Both of them originate in Dabie Mountains, and flow into the Yangtze.

Economy

Transportation
There are two railway stations in Macheng. Macheng railway station is on the Beijing–Kowloon railway between Beijing and Hong Kong. Macheng North railway station is on the Hefei–Wuhan railway.

Education 
Macheng NO.1 high school

Villages

Xiangqishan Village

References

 Google Maps Mangcheng
 Willam T. Rowe, Crimson Rain: Seven Centuries of Violence in a Chinese County (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007), 

Cities in Hubei
Huanggang
County-level divisions of Hubei
Ketazolam

Ketazolam (marketed under the brand names Anseren, Ansieten, Ansietil, Marcen, Sedatival, Sedotime, Solatran and Unakalm) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.

Therapeutic uses
It is used for the treatment of anxiety and has similar effectiveness compared to diazepam. Ketazolam also appears to produce reduced levels of side effects such as sedation compared with diazepam and the side effects when they occur tend to be milder. Ketazolam is also an effective antispasmodic drug and is used for the treatment of spasticity.

Availability
Ketazolam is not approved for sale in Norway, Australia, United Kingdom or the United States. In South Africa, GlaxoSmithKline markets ketazolam under its Solatran brand name.  In Canada, ketazolam is listed in schedule IV of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, along with other benzodiazepines.

Tolerance and physical dependence
Chronic use of ketazolam as with other benzodiazepines can lead to physical dependence and the appearance of the benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of use or decrease in dose. Tolerance to ketazolam's therapeutic effects occurs over a period of 15 days.

Contraindications and special caution
Benzodiazepines require special precaution if used in the elderly, during pregnancy, in children, alcohol or drug-dependent individuals and individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Pharmacokinetics
Ketazolam breaks down in the blood to diazepam which breaks down to demoxepam which breaks down to desmethyldiazepam.

Warnings
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration warns that in Spain, ketazolam marketed as Marcen may sometimes be mistakenly confused with Narcan.

Legal status
Ketazolam is a List 3 drug under the Betäubungsmittelgesetz, like almost all benzodiazepines in Germany. Ketazolam is a List II drugs of the Opium Law in the Netherlands. Ketazolam is a Schedule IV drug under the Controlled Substances Act in the US.

References 

Benzodiazepines
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Lactams
Runcorn East railway station

Runcorn East railway station serves the eastern suburbs of Runcorn in Cheshire, England, offering train services to Warrington and Manchester and to Chester and North Wales.

History
The station opened by British Rail on 3 October 1983 to serve the new suburbs of Runcorn New Town. It is situated a short distance from the site of the former Norton station (closed by the British Transport Commission in 1952) and the nearby signal box still bears this name.

The station was formally adopted by the North Cheshire Rail Users group on 16 May 2008, under the Arriva Trains Wales Adopt a Station Initiative.

Facilities
Arriva began looking into the possibility of installing scrolling information screens on the platforms, with train running information in 2008. An initial site survey was carried out on 30 May 2008 with a follow-up on 20 September 2008. A third site survey was carried out in January 2010; this also included a PA system being installed, looking at improving CCTV coverage over the station and improvements for disabled access to the station. On 17 January 2011 site work started on the installation of information screens on both platforms - these are now completed and operational (as of May 2011).

The station has a staffed ticket office - this is staffed six days per week (not Sundays) from the start of the morning peak until early afternoon.  At other times tickets can be purchased from self-service ticket machines (card payments only) available on both platforms.  Waiting shelters and bench seating is provided at platform level.   Step-free access to both platforms is via ramps from the footbridge that links the ticket office and car park.

Services
Runcorn East is served by an hourly Transport for Wales service to Manchester Piccadilly via Warrington Bank Quay. Many of these are extended through to  outside of weekday peak periods.

In the other direction, services run to Chester, with most trains continuing along the North Wales Coast Line to Llandudno (services terminate at Chester in the late evening & on Sundays). The  Sutton tunnel is just west of the station.

The new Northern Trains Northern Connect service, between  and Chester via Manchester Victoria and Halifax, calls at weekday peak periods only since its inauguration in May 2019.

Public transport interchange
Bus services operate from the station to Runcorn Old Town via Halton Lea, and to Widnes. The station is also connected by an Arriva North West bus service to the main Runcorn railway station (operated by Avanti West Coast), which has services to London Euston, Birmingham New Street, Crewe and Liverpool via the West Coast Main Line.

References

Bibliography

External links

Runcorn
Railway stations in the Borough of Halton
 DfT Category E stations
Railway stations opened by British Rail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1983
Northern franchise railway stations
Railway stations served by Transport for Wales Rail
Oliver Winterbottom

Oliver Carton Winterbottom (24 February 1944 – 6 November 2020) was a British automotive designer who designed cars for Lotus, Jaguar and TVR.

Early years
Winterbottom was born in Ashford, Kent. His father was born in Oldham, Lancashire and attended school in Shanghai before coming to England and public school. His father took up medicine and qualified at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington where he met Oliver's mother who came from Lincolnshire.

In 1952 Winterbottom was sent to boarding school in Staffordshire and at the age of 11 he was committed to becoming a car designer after having made some preliminary attempts to draw a racing car in 1952. 

He attended Denstone College like his father and had science on his curriculum, but also was a cross country runner and skilled marksman in the winter season. Towards the end of this college period his father accompanied him to Jaguar Cars in Coventry to discuss an apprenticeship. He was accepted as an apprentice automobile engineer and in mid-September 1961 he started at Jaguar in Coventry in their apprentice school.

Career
At Jaguar, Winterbottom was part of the team that designed the XJ21 prototype that never reached production.

At Lotus, Winterbottom worked directly with Colin Chapman who appointed him to lead the design and safety engineering projects at Lotus Cars. Winterbottom designed the second generation Lotus Elite wedge design and the Lotus Eclat.

Winterbottom then worked with TVR where he designed the TVR Tasmin launched in 1980.

Winterbottom returned to Lotus and designed the prototype Lotus M90, (X100), but due to company problems, the car never reached production. He was also head of development for the V8 engine used in the Esprit, project 918.

Winterbottom later became an automotive consultant and served as membership director for the Coalition of Small Volume Automobile Manufacturers. As of December 2008 Winterbottom was working as a consultant for SAIC Motors in Shanghai.

Personal life
Lived and worked in Wymondham in Norfolk
He died on 6 November 2020.

References

Further reading

External links
 

1944 births
2020 deaths
People educated at Denstone College
People from Ashford, Kent
British automobile designers
Sir Robert Mackenzie, 10th Baronet

Sir Robert Ramsay Mackenzie, 10th Baronet (21 July 1811 – 19 September 1873) was a pastoralist and politician in Queensland, Australia. He was  Premier of Queensland, Australia from August 1867 to November 1868.

Early life
Mackenzie was born in Coul, Ross-shire, Scotland, fourth son of Sir George Steuart Mackenzie, and wife Mary, fifth daughter of Donald Macleod of Geanies, Ross-shire.

New South Wales
In April 1832 Mackenzie arrived on the Wave in Sydney, New South Wales, with £750 joining his brother James. He purchased sheep for £500 and grazed them at Riddlesdale (near Dungog, New South Wales). After land speculation with his brother James, Robert Mackenzie bought a station, got into debt and borrowed money from his Scottish relatives. His financial situation worsened and he was declared bankrupt in 1844. In 1846 he was discharged from bankruptcy and was appointed a magistrate in 1847, living in Clifton, New England.

Political career
Queensland was declared a separate colony in 1859, Mackenzie entered politics and became Colonial Treasurer on 15 December 1859 in the ministry of Robert Herbert. Mackenzie represented Burnett in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland 1860–1869. Mackenzie formed a government on the resignation of Arthur Macalister, taking on the roles of both Premier and Colonial Treasurer. He resigned on 25 November 1868.

Personal life
Robert Mackenzie married Louise Alexandrina Jones, daughter of Richard Jones, a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, Sydney, in 1846. One of their daughters, Mary Louisa, married Alexander Archer, a brother of Archibald Archer. Both Mary and Alexander died in the 1890 sinking of the RMS Quetta.

Robert Mackenzie succeeded his brother William on his death on 21 December 1868 to the baronetcy and returned to live on the family estate in Scotland in 1871.  Sir Robert died at 6 Atherstone Terrace, Queen’s Gate Gardens, London on the 19th September, 1873.

See also
 Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1860–1863; 1863–1867; 1867–1868; 1868–1870

References

R. B. Joyce, 'Mackenzie, Sir Robert Ramsay (1811 - 1873)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 5, MUP, 1974, pp 171–172.
 

Additional resources listed by the Australian Dictionary of Biography

C. A. Bernays, Queensland Politics During Sixty Years (Brisb, 1919)
J. F. Campbell, ‘Discovery and early pastoral settlement of New England’, JRAHS, 8 (1922)
Brisbane Courier, 28 July 1862
The Times (London), 24 September 1873, p 5
P. D. Wilson, The Political Career of Hon. A. Macalister (B.A. Hons thesis, University of Queensland, 1969)
Bankruptcy papers, 1250 (State Records New South Wales)
Land and Colonial Secretary's files (Queensland State Archives).

1811 births
1873 deaths
Premiers of Queensland
Baronets in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia
Scottish emigrants to colonial Australia
Younger sons of baronets
Treasurers of Queensland
19th-century Australian politicians
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
SS-50 bus

The SS-50 bus was an early computer bus designed as a part of the SWTPC 6800 Computer System that used the Motorola 6800 CPU. The SS-50 motherboard would have around seven 50-pin connectors for CPU and memory boards plus eight 30-pin connectors for I/O boards. The I/O section was sometimes called the SS-30 bus.

Southwest Technical Products Corporation introduced this bus in November 1975 and soon other companies were selling add-in boards. Some of the early boards were  floppy disk systems from Midwest Scientific Instruments, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, and Percom Data; an EPROM programmer from the Micro Works; video display boards from Gimix; memory boards from Seals. By 1978 there were a dozen SS-50 board suppliers and several compatible SS-50 computers.

In 1979 SWTPC modified the SS-50 bus to support the new Motorola MC6809 processor. These changes were compatible with most existing boards and this upgrade gave the SS-50 Bus a long life. SS-50 based computers were made until the late 1980s.

The SS-50C bus, the S/09 version of the SS-50 bus, extended the address by four address lines to 20 address lines to allow up to a megabyte of memory in a system.

Boards for the SS-50 bus were typically 9 inches wide and 5.5 inches high. The board had Molex 0.156 inch connectors while the motherboard had the pins. This arrangement made for low cost printed circuit boards that did not need gold plated edge connectors. The tin plated Molex connectors were only rated for a few insertions and were sometimes a problem in hobbyist systems where the boards were being swapped often. Later systems would often come with gold plated Molex connectors.

The SS-30 I/O Bus had the address decoding on the motherboard. Each slot was allocated 4 address (the later MC6809 version upped this to 16 address.) This made for very simple I/O boards, the Motorola peripheral chips connected directly to this bus. Cards designed using the SS-30 bus often had their external connectors mounted such that they were accessible outside the computer chassis when installed in SWTPC motherboards.

SS-50 and SS-30 gallery
Click the images to enlarge.

References

Computer buses
SS-50
FIH

FIH  may refer to:
 FIH Erhvervsbank A/S, a Danish corporate and investment bank specialising in lending to Danish corporates
 Falkland Islands Holdings, a company which plays a key role in the economy of the Falkland Islands
 International Hockey Federation, the global governing body for the sport of field hockey
 The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health, a small charity promoting the healthy lifestyle choices to promotes wellbeing
 Kinshasa International Airport's IATA airport code
 Calcium-sensing receptor, GPCR
 FIH Mobile, a mobile phone manufacturer producing Nokia-branded featurephones.
Fih may refer to :
 Fih, Lebanon, a municipality situated in Koura District
1932 Greek legislative election

Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 25 September 1932. All 250 seats in the Lower House of the Greek Parliament, the Chamber of Deputies, were elected, as well as one-third of the seats in the Senate. The outcome was an ambivalent result for the two biggest parties,  the Liberal Party of Eleftherios Venizelos and the People's Party. The People's Party received a plurality of votes in the Chamber of Deputies elections, but won fewer seats than the Liberal Party. The Liberals also won the most seats in the Senate.

These were the last elections for the Senate, as it was abolished in 1935.

Results

Chamber of Deputies

Senate

References

Parliamentary elections in Greece
Greece
Legislative election
1930s in Greek politics
Election 1932
History of Greece (1924–1941)
Greece
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
Legl
Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam Shah II of Kedah

Paduka Sri Sultan Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam Shah II ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah (4 September 1857 – 22 September 1881) was the 25th Sultan of Kedah. He reigned from 1879 to 1881. He was the son of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah with Wan Tan binti Almarhum Luang Nik Abidin. He married Tengku Mariam binti Almarhum Tengku Ziauddin and had only a princess, Tengku Aishah.

Tunku Aishah married the Sultan of Langkat, Sultan Abdul Aziz Abdul Djalil Rahmat Shah.

He was poisoned and died during detention in Ligor, Nakhon Si Thammarat on 22 September 1881 and was succeeded by his brother Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah I, and then by his half-brother as, Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah II in 1881.

External links
 List of Sultans of Kedah

1857 births
1881 deaths
Deaths by poisoning
19th-century murdered monarchs
19th-century Sultans of Kedahhttps://kedahligor.blogspot.com/?m=1
Glossary of cue sports terms

The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various  games played on a billiard table without ; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.

Definitions and language
The term "" is sometimes used to refer to all of the cue sports, to a specific class of them, or to specific ones such as English billiards; this article uses the term in its most generic sense unless otherwise noted.

The labels "British" and "UK" as applied to entries in this glossary refer to terms originating in the UK and also used in countries that were fairly recently part of the British Empire and/or are part of the Commonwealth of Nations, as opposed to US (and, often, Canadian) terminology. The terms "American" or "US" as applied here refer generally to North American usage. However, due to the predominance of US-originating terminology in most internationally competitive pool (as opposed to snooker), US terms are also common in the pool context in other countries in which English is at least a minority language, and US (and borrowed French) terms predominate in carom billiards. Similarly, British terms predominate in the world of snooker, English billiards, and blackball, regardless of the players' nationalities.

The term "blackball" is used in this glossary to refer to both blackball and eight-ball pool as played in the UK, as a shorthand. Blackball was chosen because it is less ambiguous ("eight-ball pool" is too easily confused with the international standardized "eight-ball"), and blackball is globally standardized by an International Olympic Committee-recognized governing body, the World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA); meanwhile, its ancestor, eight-ball pool, is largely a folk game, like North American , and to the extent that its rules have been codified, they have been done so by competing authorities with different rulesets. (For the same reason, the glossary's information on eight-ball, nine-ball, and ten-ball draws principally on the stable WPA rules, because there are many competing amateur leagues and even professional tours with divergent rules for these games.)

Foreign-language terms are generally not within the scope of this list, unless they have become an integral part of billiards terminology in English (e.g. ), or they are crucial to meaningful discussion of a game not widely known in the English-speaking world.

1–9

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z

References

Glossary
Glossaries of sports
Sports terminology
Game terminology
Glossary
 
Articles containing video clips
Cue sports related lists
Wikipedia glossaries using description lists
Wikipedia glossaries using unordered lists
Lomandroideae

Lomandroideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales, according to the APG III system of 2009. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Lomandra.  The group has previously been treated as a separate family Laxmanniaceae. In the Kubitzki system, it is treated as Lomandraceae Lotsy.

The subfamily consists of some 15 genera and about 180 species from Australasia, southeast Asia, the Americas and the Pacific Islands. The best-known genus is Cordyline.

Genera
Genera include:

Acanthocarpus Lehm.
Arthropodium R.Br.
Chamaescilla F.Muell. ex Benth.
Chamaexeros Benth.
Cordyline Comm. ex R.Br.  (including Cohnia Kunth)
Dichopogon Kunth (may be included in Arthropodium)
Eustrephus R.Br.
Laxmannia R.Br. (including Bartlingia F. Mueller)
Lomandra Labill. (including Xerotes R. Brown)
Murchisonia Brittan
Romnalda P.F.Stevens
Sowerbaea Sm.
Thysanotus R.Br.
Trichopetalum Lindl. (including Bottinaea Colla)
Xerolirion A.S.George

References

External links
NCBI Taxonomy Browser

 
Asparagales subfamilies
Pleasington railway station

Pleasington railway station serves the village of Pleasington in Lancashire, England. The station is on the East Lancashire Line 3 miles (5 km) west of Blackburn railway station.  It is managed by Northern, who also provide all the passenger services calling there.

It is unstaffed, and has no permanent buildings, other than standard waiting shelters. A long line PA system and digital information screens are provided, Step free access for disabled travellers is provided by means of ramps to each platform.

As of January 2018, along with other stations on this line, a new touch screen Ticket Machine was added to the station.

A £2,000 refurbishment scheme at the station, funded by East Lancs Community Rail Partnership and the local authority, was carried out in 2015, by a consortium of college students, community workers and volunteers.

Services
Monday to Saturdays, there is an hourly service from Pleasington towards Preston westbound and Blackburn, Burnley Central and Colne, eastbound. There is a two-hourly service on Sundays.

From 14 May 2012, Pleasington became a request only stop, in addition to Hapton, Burnley Barracks and Huncoat.

References

External links

Railway stations in Blackburn with Darwen
DfT Category F2 stations
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1846
Northern franchise railway stations
Railway request stops in Great Britain
1846 establishments in England
Eidophusikon

The Eidophusikon () was a piece of art, no longer extant, thought up by the English actor David Garrick and created by 18th-century French painter Philip James de Loutherbourg. It opened in Leicester Square in London in February 1781.

Described by the media of his day as "Moving Pictures, representing Phenomena of Nature", the Eidophusikon can be considered an early form of movie making. The effect was achieved by mirrors and pulleys.

The Eidophusikon consisted of a large-scale miniature theatre that tried to recreate the perfect illusion of living nature: sunrise scenes, sunsets, moonlight images, storms, and volcanoes from all over the world, with sound and music effects. The sound and light effects of the Eidophusikon, compared with the shows seen until that time, were especially inventive by virtue of their realism.

Reconstructions 
The first reconstruction was in the year 2004 by Wolkenbilder at the Altonaer Museum Exhibition (cloud images) at Jenisch Has, Hamburg. It was a full-sized theatre with two scenes on the basis of Loutherbourg: from dawn to sunset over the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, and a Mediterranean scene with a lighthouse, moonlight, storms and wrecks.

The second Eidophusikon was created in 2005 by the Yale Center for British Art, New Connecticut and California's Huntington Library, to recreate a display for the English painter Thomas Gainsborough of his collection 'Sensation and sensibility'. Gainsborough was a great admirer of the Eidophusikon. This full-size version was built in conjunction with Kevin Derkin and the Yale technical department under Rick Johnson. The scene, this time, was 'Satan and the Creation of the Pandemonium Palace in Hell', by the poet John Milton from his Paradise Lost.

A small exhibition on the Eidophusikon and the work of Philip James de Loutherbourg was held at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California in 2006. The exhibit featured a working example of an Eidophusikon with docents working the levers.

In 2006, an Eidophusikon was created by Robert Poulter for the Nouveau Musée National de Monaco. Another Mediterranean scene was created with a volcano, moonlight, a storm and a shipwreck. This Eidophusikon is part of the permanent collection of the museum. 

A full Eidophusikon, described also as a "small, mechanical theatre", was on display from June to November 2014 at the exhibition "Underworlds" (Unterwelten) in Dortmund, Germany.

See also
 Cyclorama
 Diorama
 Myriorama
 Panorama
 Panoramic painting

References

External links
 Sensibility and the Cult of Special Effects 
 Modern recreation of an Eidophusikon 
 An Eighteenth-Century Movie Show. Centre for Cross-Cultural Research, Australian National University,  Canberra, 2006. 3D digital recreation of an eidophusikon demonstration  and 
 Active German Eidophusikon in Dortmund, Germany (June--October 2014)  (German text)
 Video of German active Eidophusikon in Dortmund, Germany
 Robert Poulter's New Model Theatre

Lost works of art
1781 works
History of film
Audiovisual ephemera
Singa (mythology)

Singa is an apotropaic figure from the mythology of the Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia. The singa represents a benevolent and protective power. The singa is described as "part human, part water buffalo, and part crocodile or lizard". It is variedly represented, but always has an elongated face, with big bulging eyes, a well-defined nose, and long spiralling beard. It is often represented only with its head, but sometimes it may also be represented full body. Other figures - such as other protective deity or ancestral figures - may also be represented standing or sitting on top of the head of the singa.

Etymology
The word singa is derived from the Sanskrit singa, "lion". The Batak term singa has a predominantly magical - rather than zoological - meaning, so it does not symbolize a lion, but Nāga or Boru Saniang Naga, the primeval water serpent from the Hindu-Buddhist mythology. It is not fully understood why the name singa is attributed to this figure.

As ornaments

Images of singa are carved in various objects such as domestic utensils, medicine containers, jewelries, amulets, wood coffins, stone sarcophagi, barns and Batak traditional houses. Its frequent use made the singa a symbol of the Batak culture. Carving of singa on a Batak house is called singa ni ruma, or "singa of the house". 

The apotropaic use of a singa may stem from the Hindu-Buddhism period of Batak during the ninth century (the Batak people are predominantly Christian or Muslim community). One of the major features of Hindu-Buddhist architecture in Java and Bali is the ubiquitous kirtimukha over arches and doorways. It was during the period of the Aparajita style at the beginning of the ninth century, that these Batak version of kirtimukha - called singhamugam - appeared in full relief.

See also

 Batak
 Architecture of Sumatra
 Culture of Indonesia

References

Batak mythology
Indonesian legendary creatures