alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Bonnybridge

Bonnybridge (; ) is a village in the Falkirk council area of Scotland. It is  west of Falkirk,  north-east of Cumbernauld and  south-southwest of Stirling. The village is situated near the Bonny Water which runs through the town and lies north of the Forth and Clyde Canal. To the south-east of Bonnybridge is a well-preserved section of the Antonine Wall, and the remnants of Rough Castle Fort, the most complete of the surviving Roman forts of the wall.

According to the 2001 Census, the population stands at 6,870 residents. However, the Bonnybridge settlement area, which includes Banknock, Denny, Dunipace and Haggs has a total population of around 24,370.

History 

Bonnybridge developed greatly during the industrial revolution in the nineteenth century. Significant industries that were established include paper milling, sawmilling, chemical manufacturing, refractory brick manufacture and whisky distilling. Particularly important for Bonnybridge was the establishment of several iron foundries including the famous Smith and Wellstood Foundry, which was important in introducing the American metal heating stoves to Europe under the 'Esse stoves' brand. The output from these foundries was transported via the Forth & Clyde Canal to local markets, and also to Glasgow for export. Bonnybridge was also particularly well served by rail, with the Glasgow to Edinburgh, Kilsyth and Bonnybridge and the Carlisle to Perth lines both nearby. With the canal and rail links Bonnybridge became a centre for industrial production.

Education
The town has three primary schools: Bonnybridge Primary School, Antonine Primary School and St. Joseph's R.C. Primary School. The former two are catchment primaries for Denny High School and the latter is within the catchment area of St. Mungo's High School.

Notable people
 Ruth Connell, theatre, television and film actress and producer
 Calum Stevenson Portrait Artist of the Year 2021

See also 
 List of places in Falkirk council area

References

External links 

 Falkirk Local History Society – Bonnybridge
 Bonnybridge on the Gazetteer for Scotland
 St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, Bonnybridge
 An Illustrated History and Geography of Bonnybridge
 Reinstate Bonnybridge Railway Station

Villages in Falkirk (council area)
Custard Records

Custard Records is an American record label, best known for its success with English singer-songwriter James Blunt. The label is run by former 4 Non Blondes member Linda Perry and has a partnership with Warner Music Group's Atlantic Records division.

Roster
 Linda Perry
 James Blunt
 Deep Dark Robot
 Ben Jelen
 Bigelf
 Crash Kings
 Hemming
 Little Fish
 Paper Zoo
 Reni Lane
 Sierra Swan
 Sunshine

Discography

Albums 
James Blunt – Back to Bedlam (2004)
Linda Perry – In Flight (2005)
Sunshine – Moonshower and Razorblades (2005)
Sierra Swan – LadyLand (2006)
Ben Jelen – Ex-Sensitive (2007)
James Blunt – All the Lost Souls (2007)
Bigelf – Hex (2007)
Ben Jelen – Wreckage EP (2008)
Bigelf – Cheat The Gallows (2008)
Crash Kings – Crash Kings (2009)
Little Fish – Darling Dear EP (2009) 
Reni Lane – Reni Lane (2010)
Little Fish – Baffled and Beat (2010)
James Blunt – Some Kind of Trouble (2010)
Deep Dark Robot – 8 Songs About A Girl (2011)
James Blunt – Moon Landing (2013)
Hemming – Hemming (2015)

See also
 List of record labels

References

External links
 Official Website

American record labels
Pop record labels
Nina Karpachova

Nina Ivanivna Karpachova (; born 12 August 1957) is a Ukrainian lawyer and politician. She was the Verkhovna Rada Commissioner for Human Rights from 1998 until 2012.

Early life and career 
Karpachova attended Kyiv University and completed a post-graduate course of the Academy of Social Sciences in Moscow (1991).

Political career

Election
She was elected a deputy in the Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) in 1994 for the 28th single-member electoral district in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea as independent, representing Alushta.

Human rights
Soon after her election, she was appointed deputy head of Verkhovna Rada committee for human rights, national minorities and international relations. Karpachova has been active in adopting international human rights standards into national legislation.

Karpachova has headed a number of governmental and parliamentary delegations of Ukraine at international and European conferences on human rights issues. In 1995 she coordinated parliamentary hearings for Ukraine's ratification process of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. On her initiative the National Centre of the Adoption of Orphan Children was established in 1996 under the Ministry of Education.

Legislation
Karpachova is the author of four draft laws adopted by the Verkhovna Rada:
 Adoption of Orphan Children (part of the Marriage and Family Code)
 Judicial Procedure of the Adoption of Orphan Children (part of the Civil Procedure Code)
 Law on the Verkhovna Rada Commissioner for Human Rights 
 Article 1241 of Criminal Code, establishing criminal liability for trafficking in human beings

Other posts
From 1996 to 1998, Karpachova was vice-president of the World Congress of Ukrainian Lawyers, when she was appointed the first Verkhovna Rada Commissioner for Human Rights. In 1999 she also was named head of the National Coordination Council for the Prevention of Human Trafficking. She became a member of the European Ombudsman Institute in 1999 and the International Ombudsman Institute in 2000.

Influence
Karpachova is one of the most influential woman in Ukraine according to the Ukrainian magazine Focus. She placed among the top 10 most influential women in 2006, 2009, and 2010.

References

External links
 Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights 

 	 

Ukrainian women lawyers
Ombudsmen in Ukraine
Living people
1957 births
Second convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Fifth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
People from Gagauzia
Moldovan emigrants to Ukraine
21st-century Ukrainian women politicians
20th-century Ukrainian women politicians
Women members of the Verkhovna Rada
Rick Bryant and the Jive Bombers

Rick Bryant and the Jive Bombers were an eleven piece band led by Rick Bryant that performed 1960s and later styles of R&B music in New Zealand. Although it started as a covers band in 1983, it gradually transformed through several line up changes, with a repertoire of Rick Bryant compositions resulting in a CD release of songs by Rick Bryant in 2004 "Time" – the title track with image compilation by Radio Active New Zealand.

In 2007–2008, the band performed shows at The London Bar in Central Auckland.

Rick Bryant had a five-decade music history in bands including Rick Bryant and the Jive Bombers, The Jubilation Gospel Choir, Blerta, the Windy City Strugglers and the Black Soap Boys. He was reported deceased on Facebook on 5 December 2019.

A drawing of Bryant was the cover of "cult classic" rock history Stranded in Paradise by John Dix (1988).

RedRocks Records released "The Black Soap from Monkeyburg" in 2013. The Black Soap Boys made an EP in 2014 which is available online.

Rick Bryant was convicted and jailed on cannabis charges in 2010.

Band members included
Rick Bryant
Mike Croft
Alistair Dougal
Tom Ludvigson
Mike Fullerton
Wayne Baird
Andrew Kimber
Chris Neilson
Andrew Clouston
Jeff Hill
Janelle Aston
Merrin Smith
Joanna Clouston
Andrew Langsford
Cadzow Cossar

Discography

References

New Zealand contemporary R&B musical groups
Nicola Coleti

Nicola Coleti (or Coletti; 1680–1765)  was an Italian Catholic priest and historian.

Life and works 

Born in Venice, he studied at Padua, where he received the degree of Doctor. He was sent to the church of San Moisè at Venice, and there devoted himself to historical and antiquarian research. 

His first work of importance was a new edition of Ferdinando Ughelli's Italia Sacra published in ten volumes from 1717 to 1722. Besides correcting many errors, Coleti continued Ughelli's history to the beginning of the eighteenth century. 

Coleti then undertook the compilation of his large work entitled Collectio Conciliorum. Up to this time there had been two standard histories of the councils, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio by Philippe Labbe and Gabriel Cossart (1671–72), its supplement compiled by Étienne Baluze (of which only the first volume was published), and the collection of Jean Hardouin (1715). Coleti's collection was based on that of Labbe and Cossart, though he used Baluze and Hardouin. It was published by his brother Sebastiano from 1728 to 1733 in twenty-three volumes. The last two were called Apparatus primus and Apparatus secundus, containing the indexes. 

Other works of Coleti's were Series episcoporum Cremonensium aucta (1749), and Monumenta ecclesiæ Venetæ S. Moisis (1758). Coleti also annotated a manuscript of Scipione Maffei, now preserved in the Biblioteca Vallicelliana at Rome. 

He died at Venice in 1765.

Bibliography

External links
 

1680 births
1765 deaths
Republic of Venice clergy
18th-century Venetian historians
18th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
Holbrook, Suffolk

Holbrook is a village situated close to the northern shore of the estuary of the River Stour, in Suffolk, England. It is located on the Shotley Peninsula in Babergh district, around  south of the centre of Ipswich.

To the south of the village is the Royal Hospital School, which moved to this site in 1933 after having been housed at Greenwich Hospital since 1693.

Lower Holbrook is a hamlet between the villages of Holbrook and Harkstead.

Governance
An electoral ward of the same name exists. The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 2,467.

Facilities 
The village has one pub called the Swan (there was another pub called the Compasses but it closed during lockdown and never reopened) , a Co-op store, a butcher, an art gallery, and a village hall. The area is served by a primary school and Holbrook Academy, which shares a site with the Peninsula Dr Letman Centre. The parish church, dedicated to All Saints, is a Grade II* listed building. The village also has Methodist church.

History
During the Battle of Britain, a German military aircraft crashed into a field on the outskirts of the village. Contemporary newspaper accounts identified the aircraft as a Messerschmitt. Another account possibly shows it crashed into Holbrook Bay instead.

Notable people
Frederick Fryer (1849-1917), first-class cricketer, was born in the village

References

External links

Village website
All Saints' Church Suffolk Churches

Holbrook at genuki

 
Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Babergh District
Alexander Järnefelt

August Alexander Järnefelt (2 April 1833 – 15 April 1896) was a Finnish general, topographist, governor and senator.

Early life 
Aleksander Järnefelt was born in Tohmajärvi, the son of crown overseer Gustav Adolf Järnefelt and Aurora Fredrika Molander. Aleksander  married Elisabeth Clodt von Jürgensburg on 22 December 1857 in Saint Petersburg. Their children were Kasper, Arvid, Erik, Ellida, Ellen, Armas, Aino, Hilja and Sigrid. Armas, Arvid and Eero were famous Finnish cultural figures. Aino Järnefelt was married to composer Jean Sibelius.

Military life 
After seven year's study in Hamina Cadet School, Järnefelt embarked on a career as an artillery officer in the Russian Army. After working under Wilhelm von Struve at Pulkovo Observatory, Järnefelt was commanded to topographic works in his native Finland which formed his main occupation for decades. By 1870, he was the head if the Russian topographic corps in Finland.

During and after the Turkish war (1877–1879), Järnefelt lead the topographic survey of many areas which Russia conquered from Turkey. These works, on which he also wrote a German-language scientific treatise Die astronomischen, geodätischen und topographischen Arbeiten auf der Balkanhalbinsel in der Jahren 1877, 1878 und 1879, earned him a promotion to general major.

Statesmanship 
In the 1880s, Järnefelt was transferred from the military to a civilian administrative career, which allowed him to further his political agenda. Järnefelt was the governor of Mikkeli Province in the 1883–84, the governor of Kuopio Province in 1884–88 and Vaasa Province in 1888–94. During these tenures, Järnefelt used his gubernatorial powers to change the language of civil administration of these provinces to Finnish (in the bilingual Vaasa Province, to bilingualism). In addition, he strove to establish primary schools and poor-houses in his provinces. 

Järnefelt's career culminated in the membership of the Senate of Finland, where Järnefelt was tasked as the chief of the military affair's  section. The promotion to senator was accompanied with promotion to the rank of a lieutenant general. Järnefelt died at  Helsinki on 15 April 1896, of paralysis.

Politically, Järnefelt was a fennoman of the Old Finnish Party. The party strove for the equal rights of Finnish language with the Swedish while stressing the importance of loyalty to the Emperor. Järnefelt took these aims seriously, sending his children to Finnish-speaking schools which was extraordinary for a nobleman of his time.

References
Kopponen, T. (2014) Järnefelt, Alexander. Biografiskt lexicon för Finland. Retrieved 2015-12-04. 

1833 births
1896 deaths
People from Tohmajärvi
People from Kuopio Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
Swedish-speaking Finns
Finnish people of German descent
19th-century Finnish nobility
Finnish Party politicians
Finnish senators
Members of the Diet of Finland
Finnish generals
Corona radiata (embryology)

The corona radiata is the innermost layer of the cells of the cumulus oophorus and is directly adjacent to the zona pellucida, the inner protective glycoprotein layer of the ovum. Cumulus oophorus are the cells surrounding corona radiata, and are the cells between corona radiata and follicular antrum. Its main purpose in many animals is to supply vital proteins to the cell. It is formed by follicle cells adhering to the oocyte before it leaves the ovarian follicle, and originates from the squamous granulosa cells present at the primordial stage of follicular development. The corona radiata is formed when the granulosa cells enlarge and become cuboidal, which occurs during the transition from the primordial to primary stage.  These cuboidal granulosa cells, also known as the granulosa radiata, form more layers throughout the maturation process, and remain attached to the zona pellucida after the ovulation of the Graafian follicle.  For fertilization to occur, sperm cells rely on hyaluronidase (an enzyme found in the acrosome of spermatozoa) to disperse the corona radiata from the zona pellucida of the secondary (ovulated) oocyte, thus permitting entry into the perivitelline space and allowing contact between the sperm cell and the nucleus of the oocyte.

References

External links
 Image at Berkeley
 
 Animation: Maturation of the Follicle and Oocyte

Mammal female reproductive system
Muscinae

Muscinae is a subfamily of the family Muscidae. It includes two of the more familiar genera within the Muscidae family; Musca and Stomoxys.

The bulk of the species are in the tribe Muscini.

From the 19th century, the term "Muscinae" is also an obsolete scientific name for the mosses (modern Bryophyta), once used in the taxonomy of Ernst Haeckel (circa 1899).

Identification
The tip of the scutellum is reddish, cell R5 is somewhat narrowed distally, and all coxae black.

References

Muscidae
Diptera of Europe
Diptera of North America
Fetească neagră

Fetească Neagră (); ) is an old pre-phylloxeric variety of Romanian - Moldovan grape, cultivated mainly in several areas in the Romanian regions of Moldavia, Muntenia, Oltenia, Banat, Northern Dobruja and also in the Republic of Moldova.

These grapes produce dry, demi-dry or sweet wines, with an alcohol content of 12-14%, a deep red colour with ruby shades, and a black currant flavour, which becomes richer and smoother with aging.

See also
 Fetească (disambiguation)

References

Red wine grape varieties
Moldovan wine
Grape varieties of Romania
Elisabeth Järnefelt

Elisabeth Järnefelt (née Clodt von Jürgensburg; 11 January 1839 – 3 February 1929) was a Finnish salonist, known as "the mother of Finnish art and culture".

Life
Elisabeth's parents were the general and wood engraver Konstantin Karlovitj Clodt von Jürgensburg and Catharina Vigné. She was educated first at a girls school and then at home, and raised in Saint Petersburg in Russia.

Elisabeth married August Aleksander Järnefelt on 22 December 1857 at Saint Petersburg, and settled with him in Helsinki in Finland. Their children were , Arvid, Erik, Ellida, Ellen, Armas, Aino, Hilja and Sigrid. Armas, Arvid and Erik were famous Finnish cultural figures. Daughter Aino Järnefelt was married to composer Jean Sibelius. Elisabeth Järnefelt was also a good friend of the writer Juhani Aho.

Her marriage was not a happy one. After the birth of their last child, her spouse decided to live in chastity: he was described as a strict patriarch who disliked spending money, and Elisabeth Järnefelt was reportedly forced to ask friends and relatives for loans to manage the household economy because her refused to give her enough funds. Eventually, the couple spent as much time away from each other as possible: from 1876 onward, they spoke only through messages delivered by their children. Both of them, however, continued to have a good relationship with their children despite their personal relationship. It is possible that she had an affair with Johannes Brofeldt (also called Juhani Aho) in the 1880s, but never confirmed.

Elisabeth Järnefelt became a central figure of Finnish culture as the host of a literary salon in Helsinki, referred to as "Järnefelts skola" (Järnefelt School), centered around Scandinavian, Finnish and Russian literature. It was also the center of discussion of politics, religion and equality. When her sons was at university, her salon became a center of the Fennoman movement of Finnish nationalism, the association K.P.T. or "koko programmi toimeen", which worked to introduce the Finnish language in then Russian Finland, were the Swedish language was leading in the upper classes. The "Elisabeths krets" (Elisabeth Circle), as the salon was also called, is regarded as the starting point of the modern Finnish language realism and the first Finnish language writers. She was a follower of the Tolstoyan movement, likely the first in Finland. She closed her salon when her spouse moved to Vasa in the end of the 1880s.

After the death of her spouse in 1896, she bought her own farm, Vieremä, where she lived until she moved in with her widowed son Kasper in 1906, with whom she lived the rest of her life. She lived on the pension awarded by Tsarist Russia due to her late spouse being a Russian general, but lost it after the Russian Revolution of 1917, and spent her last years in reduced means.

References

1839 births
1929 deaths
People from Helsinki
Baltic German nobility
Finnish people of Baltic German descent
19th-century Finnish nobility
Finnish salon-holders
19th-century Finnish women
20th-century Finnish women
The Best of Friends (album)

The Best of Friends is a compilation album (9th release) by singer-songwriter duo Loggins and Messina, released in late 1976.

It consists of 10 of their most popular and best loved songs in what is essentially a "greatest hits" LP.

The CD release featured the same tracks as the original 1976 LP; "Angry Eyes" is still the shorter version and no additional tracks were added to fill the CD to the 80-minute limit.

Track listing
Side One
"Angry Eyes" (Kenny Loggins, Jim Messina) – 2:23
"Be Free" (Messina) – 6:57
"Vahevala" (Daniel Loggins, Dann Lottermoser) – 4:45
"Peace of Mind" (Messina) – 4:04
"My Music" (Loggins, Messina) – 3:03

Side Two
"Thinking of You" (Messina) – 2:18
"House at Pooh Corner" (Loggins) – 4:20
"Watching the River Run" (Loggins, Messina) – 3:25
"Danny's Song" (Loggins) – 4:14
"Your Mama Don't Dance" (Loggins, Messina) – 2:47

Personnel
Kenny Loggins – vocals, background vocals, rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar, harmonica
Jim Messina – vocals, background vocals, lead guitar, acoustic guitar, mandolin, dobro
Merel Bregante – drums, backing vocals
Jon Clarke – flute, oboe, recorder, baritone, soprano & tenor saxophones, steel drum
Victor Feldman – percussion
Al Garth – fiddle, recorder, alto & tenor saxophones, steel drum
Milt Holland – percussion
Michael Omartian – organ, piano, keyboards, clavinet, concertina, steel drum
David Paich – keyboards
Larry Sims – bass, vocals, backing vocals

Production
Producer: Jim Messina
Engineers: Alex Kazanegras, John Fiore
Photography: Annie Leibovitz
Design: Ken Anderson
Liner notes: Kenny Loggins, Jim Messina

Charts

References

Best of Friends, The
Best of Friends, The
Columbia Records compilation albums
Albums produced by Jim Messina (musician)
Albums produced by Kenny Loggins
Philippe Labbe

Philippe Labbe (; 10 July 1607 – 16 or 17 March 1667) was a French Jesuit writer on historical, geographical and philological questions.

Born in Bourges, he entered the Society of Jesus on 28 September 1623, at the age of 16. After literary, philosophical and theological studies, he successively taught classes of rhetoric and philosophy.  He then held the chair of theology for five years. His memory was quick and retentive, his erudition extensive and accurate. He expressed his devotion to Christ and the Virgin Mary in elegant Latin verse.  Labbe wrote more than 80 literary, philosophical and theological works.  Every year witnessed the production of one or more of his works, so that in the field of history Labbe and Denis Pétau have been considered the most remarkable of all French Jesuits.

In 1647 Nicolas Sanson accused the Jesuit Labbe of plagiarizing him in his Pharus Galliae Antiquae; his accusation was published in Sanson's In Pharum Galliae antiquae Philippi L'Abbe disquisitiones (1647–1648).

He died in Paris in 1667.

Selected works
Tirocinium Linguæ Græcæ etc. (1648)
La Géographie royale (1646)
De Byzantinæ historiæ scriptoribus, etc. (1648)
Concordia sacræ et profanæ chronologiæ annorum 5691 ab orbe condito ad hunc Christi annum 1638 (1638)
Bibliotheca antijanseniana (1654)
Bibliotheca bibliothecarum (1664)
Sancrosancti Oecumenici Tridentini Concilii . . . canones et decreta (1667)
Sacrosancta concilia ad regiam editionem exacta (with Gabriel Cossart)

References

See also
Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae

 LABBE-COSSART, Sacrosancta Concilia ad Regiam editionem exacta Digitized original Latin text.

1607 births
1667 deaths
17th-century French historians
17th-century French Jesuits
French male non-fiction writers
Lycée Louis-le-Grand teachers
Italian Rugby Federation

The Italian Rugby Federation () or FIR is the governing body for the sport of rugby union in Italy. The FIR has one seat on the 28-member World Rugby Council, the governing body of World Rugby. (All other members of the Six Nations have two seats on the Council.)

There are two fully professional Italian clubs that play in the United Rugby Championship, in the European Rugby Champions Cup and in the European Rugby Challenge Cup — Benetton and Zebre. There are twelve semi-professional Italian clubs that play in the Top12, four of which qualify to play in the European Rugby Challenge Cup Qualifying Competition to qualify to the European Rugby Challenge Cup.

History
On 25 July 1911 a Propaganda Committee was formed to promote the sport of rugby union in Italy. In 1928 this body became the Federazione Italiana Rugby (FIR). In 1934 the FIR was a founder member of the Fédération Internationale de Rugby Amateur, now known as Rugby Europe.

The FIR joined the International Rugby Football Board, later known as the International Rugby Board and now as World Rugby, in 1987 when Italy took part in the inaugural World Cup.  The Italy national rugby union team has played in the Six Nations Championship since 2000.

Italy bid to host the 2015 Rugby World Cup came close to winning but lost to England by just three votes.

Leadership
 Alfredo Gavazzi (2012–present) - founder of Rugby Calvisano
 Giancarlo Dondi (1996-2012) - Gained Italy's entry into the Six Nations Championship in 2000
 Maurizio Mondelli (1984-1996)

National teams
The FIR is responsible for fielding several men's national teams:

 Italy national rugby union team - plays in the Six Nations and in the Rugby World Cup
 Emerging Italy - plays in the World Rugby Nations Cup or in the World Rugby Tbilisi Cup
 Italy national rugby sevens team - plays in the Sevens Grand Prix Series, has participated in the Rugby World Cup Sevens
 Italy national under-20 rugby union team - plays in the Junior World Championship or in the World Rugby Under 20 Trophy and in the Six Nations Under 20s

The FIR is also responsible for fielding several women's national teams:
 Italy national women's rugby union team - plays in the Women's Six Nations and in the Women's Rugby World Cup
 Italy women's national rugby sevens team- has participated in the Rugby World Cup Sevens

See also
 Rugby union in Italy
 Italy national rugby union team
 Top12
 United Rugby Championship

References

External links
 Official website

Rugby union in Italy
Rugby
Rugby union governing bodies in Europe
National members of World Rugby
Sports organizations established in 1928
Secret Swing

Swingsite was an art installation that consisted of a playground swing hanging in the narrow space between two buildings in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The swing was accessed by way of the alley behind Queen Street West, which is known as one of Toronto's best graffiti galleries. Toronto artist Corwyn Lund erected the swing in September 2003 as part of a group show called 'Psychotopes' at YYZ Artists Outlet. As part of that show, Lund made and displayed a video about the installation.

Nicknamed the Secret Swing, its location became more widely known when Toronto bloggers began posting pictures of it online and a number of articles appeared in local newspapers. It has since become a cult icon among street artists and the youth of Toronto. It was located in the alley behind the store fronts on the south side of Queen Street, about a block west of Spadina Avenue.

In November 2005, the swing's seat and two feet of the swing's chains were removed. This was supposedly the work of vandals. Two people named Vince and Kai replaced it on December 13 of the same year. The new swing seat bore a date, signatures, and has writing on it: “The Secret Swing belongs to the people of Toronto.”

The swing installation came to an end in March 2006 when both the swing and the bar holding it up were removed and a fence installed to block the entrance to the space where the swing was installed. This may have been done to thwart any future attempts to replace the swing, as well as deter homeless people from sleeping in the space between buildings.

References

Outdoor sculptures in Canada
Public art in Toronto
2004 sculptures
Labbe

Labbe or Labbé may refer to:

People
 a variation of the surname Abbé
 Alex Labbé, Canadian stock car racer
 Arnaud Labbe, French professional racing cyclist'
 Bastián Labbé, Chilean teacher
 Carlos Labbé, Chilean writer
 Carlos Labbé Márquez (1876–1941), Chilean bishop
 Charles Labbé (1851–1889), French doctor
 Cristián Labbé Martínez, Chilean politician
 François Labbé, Canadian mass media businessman; son of Tancrède Labbé
 Gilles Labbé, Quebecois politician
 Jean-François Labbé, Canadian professional ice-hockey player
 Léon Labbé (1832–1916), French doctor and politician
 María Luisa Mayol Labbé, Chilean actress
 Marc-Antoine Labbé-Fortin, Canadian footballer
 Martine Labbé (born 1958), Belgian operations researcher
 Matthieu Labbé, French football player
 Philippe Labbe (1607–1667), French Jesuit writer
 Philippe Labbé, French chef
 Pierre-Luc Labbé, Canadian football player
 Slugger Labbe, crew chief on the American NASCAR racing circuit
 Stephanie Labbé, Canadian soccer player
 Tancrède Labbé (1887–1956), Canadian politician and businessman; father of François Labbé

Places
 Labbé Point, a point of land projecting into Discovery Bay, Antarctica
 Labbé Rock, a landmark lying off the coast of Largo Island, near the Antarctic Peninsula
 Lycée Valentine Labbé, a French senior high school
 Rhum Vieux Labbé, a brand of Haitian rum
Thalamocortical dysrhythmia

Thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD) is a theoretical framework in which neuroscientists try to explain the positive and negative symptoms induced by neuropsychiatric disorders like Parkinson's Disease, neurogenic pain, tinnitus, visual snow syndrome, schizophrenia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, depressive disorder and epilepsy.
In TCD, normal thalamocortical resonance is disrupted by changes in the behaviour of neurons in the thalamus.
TCD can be treated with neurosurgical methods like the central lateral thalamotomy, which due to its invasiveness is only used on patients that have proven resistant to conventional therapies.

Background
At the base of the theory lies diminished excitatory or increased inhibitory input at the thalamic level. This leads to a switch of the thalamocortical neurons from tonic to burst firing and subsequently entrains thalamic and cortical areas with pathological oscillations at around 5 Hz.

Evidence
Evidence for TCD comes from Magnetoencephalography (MEG), and Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings on the scalp as well as local field potential (LFP) recordings in the patients' thalamus during surgery. Analysing the power spectra reveals increased coherence as well as increased bicoherence in the power spectra in the theta band compared to healthy controls. This indicates a close coupling of cortex and thalamus in the generation of the pathological theta rhythmicity.

The thalamic loss of input or gated activity allows the frequency of the thalamo-cortical column to slow into the theta or delta band, and this defeats the lateral inhibition, so faster Gamma band activity appears surrounding the area of slower alpha seen in the theta band, with the theta associated with negative symptoms and the Gamma for positive symptoms.  This is documented in Tinnitus (phantom sound) and phantom pain, as well as Parkinsonism and recently even in depression (see current work by Dirk DeRidder, MD, PhD).  The thalamocoherence was identified by machine learning, with significant differentiation of each of these clinical entities from normal by the presence of the dysrhythmia, and with the specific disorder differentiated by the spatial/topographic networks involved. It was also proposed that psychotic disorders present in Parkinson disease‐dementia with Lewy bodies depend on thalamic abnormal rhythms.

Therapy
While it is not clear how this happens in detail, surgical intervention by means of lesioning small parts of the central lateral thalamic areas has proven successful as a therapy for Parkinson's Disease as well as neurogenic pain.

Neurofeedback, where the brain is trained to emphasise and de-emphasise brain wave frequencies, amplitudes and coherence can be an effective noninvasive therapy.

References

Further reading 

 

Thalamus
Central nervous system disorders
Mutford

Mutford is a village and civil parish in the East Suffolk District of the English county of Suffolk. The village is  south-west of Lowestoft and  south-east of Beccles in a rural area. The parish borders Barnby, Carlton Colville, Gisleham, Rushmere, Henstead with Hulver Street, Ellough and North Cove. The village gave its name to the Half Hundred of Mutford which is named in the Domesday Book.

The parish had a population of 471 at the 2011 United Kingdom census. The A146 Beccles to Lowestoft road runs to north of the parish, cutting through the north-western corner. The Hundred River marks the southern boundary with Henstead with Hulver Street.

Culture and community
The majority of the parish is rural, with the main centre of population centred on an area in the centre of the parish. The post office closed in 2013, with few services remaining beyond a village hall and playing field. The medieval church of St Andrew is one of around 40 round-tower churches in Suffolk and is a Grade I Listed Building.

Notable people
Sir Stanley Rous, former president of FIFA, was born in Mutford in 1895. Also born in the village was Bill Crooks, manager of Eastwoodhill Arboretum, Ngatapa, Gisborne, New Zealand from 1967 to 1974.

Notes

References

External links 

Mutford Village website
Website with photos of Mutford St Andrew, a round-tower church

Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Waveney District
Romanian Rugby Federation

The Romanian Rugby Federation (), abbreviated as FRR, is the governing body for the sport of rugby union in Romania. Romania currently comprises 24,610 players, 9,810 members of which are registered and 113 clubs in the whole country.

History 
The Romanian Rugby Federation was founded in 1913, shortly after rugby union was introduced to Romania by French University students who moved to study in Romania and were also one of the founding members of the Fédération Internationale de Rugby Amateur, now known as Rugby Europe.

The federation became affiliated to the International Rugby Football Board, now known as World Rugby, in 1987 when Romania were invited to take part in the inaugural World Cup the same year.

Octavian Morariu was a former president of the FRR, and was considered by many the pioneer in the reconstruction of rugby union in Romania as well as the federation itself. Due to his success, he later became the President of the Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee (COSR) and was replaced by George Straton, one of his closest associates. The current president of FRR is Alin Petrache, another former rugby union player for Romania.

Presidents

See also
 Rugby union in Romania
 Romania national rugby union team
 List of Romania national rugby union players
 Sport in Romania

References

External links
 Official website 

Rugby union in Romania
Rugby union governing bodies in Europe
National members of World Rugby
Rugby
Sports organizations established in 1913
1913 establishments in Romania
The Best of Loggins & Messina

The Best of Loggins & Messina is a compilation album by singer-songwriter duo Loggins and Messina, released in late 1980. This album was released by their new label, Embassy Records (see 1980 in music).

It consists of 14 of their later recordings and a few of their early hits. However, it omits some of their highest charting songs.

Track listing
"Vahevala" – 4:45 (KL, DL)
"Danny's Song" – 4:14 (KL)
"Nobody But You" (JM)
"Whiskey" (KL)
"House at Pooh Corner" – 4:20 (KL)
"Angry Eyes" – 2:23 (KL, JM)
"Golden Ribbons" (JM)
"My Music" – 3:03 (KL, JM)
"Brighter Days" (KL)
"Watching the River Run" – 3:25 (KL, JM)
"Keep Me In Mind". (JM)
"Peacemaker" (KL, ES, JT)
"I'm Moving On"
"Til The Ends Meet" (KL)

Songwriter credits
KL – Kenny Loggins
JM – Jim Messina
ES – Ed Sanford
JT – John Townsend
DL – Dann Lottermoser

Musical credits
Kenny Loggins (vocals, background vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica, acoustic guitar)
Jim Messina (vocals, background vocals, lead guitar, mandolin, acoustic guitar, dobro)
Murray MacCleod (vocals)
Ed Sanford (vocals)*
John Townsend (vocals)
Merle Brigante (drums)
Chris Brooks (koto)
Jon Clarke (Horn)
Vince Denham (Saxophone)
Victor Feldman (percussion)
Steve Forman (percussion)
Al Garth (Violin, Horn)
Richard Greene (violin)
Milt Holland (percussion)
Michael Omartian (Keyboards)
David Paich (Keyboards)
Marty Paich (strings)
Mike Rubin (piano)
Dan Roberts (Saxophone)
Larry Sims (Bass)
David Wallace (synthesizer)

Loggins and Messina albums
1980 greatest hits albums
Albums produced by Jim Messina (musician)
Parieto-occipital sulcus

In neuroanatomy, the parieto-occipital sulcus (also called the parieto-occipital fissure) is a deep sulcus in the cerebral cortex that marks the boundary between the cuneus and precuneus, and also between the parietal and occipital lobes. Only a small part can be seen on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, its chief part being on the medial surface.

The lateral part of the parieto-occipital sulcus (Fig. 726) is situated about 5 cm in front of the occipital pole of the hemisphere, and measures about 1.25 cm. in length.

The medial part of the parieto-occipital sulcus (Fig. 727) runs downward and forward as a deep cleft on the medial surface of the hemisphere, and joins the calcarine fissure below and behind the posterior end of the corpus callosum. In most cases, it contains a submerged gyrus.

Function
The parieto-occipital lobe has been found in various neuroimaging studies, including PET (positron-emission-tomography) studies, and SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) studies, to be involved along with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during planning.

Gallery

References

External links

 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070316043257/http://www2.umdnj.edu/~neuro/studyaid/Practical2000/Q30.htm

Sulci (neuroanatomy)
Articles containing video clips
Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere
Piezo ignition

Piezo ignition is a type of ignition that is used in portable camping stoves, gas grills and some lighters. Piezo ignition uses the principle of piezoelectricity, which, in short, is the electric charge that accumulates in some materials in response to mechanical deformation. It consists of a small, spring-loaded hammer which, when a button is pressed, hits a crystal of PZT. This sudden forceful deformation produces a high voltage and subsequent electrical discharge, which ignites the gas.

No external electric connection is required, though wires are sometimes used to place the sparking location away from the crystal itself. Piezo ignition systems can be operated by either a lever, push-button or built into the control knob. An electric spark is usually generated once per turn of the knob or press of the button.

References

External links 
 Piezo Disassembly — Exposing the piezo element in a barbecue lighter
 Piezo Igniter Life — A destructive test of igniter lifetime

Firelighting using electricity
Eccles Road railway station

Eccles Road railway station is on the Breckland line in the east of England, serving the villages of Eccles, Quidenham and Wilby in Norfolk. The line runs between  in the west and  in the east.

Eccles Road is situated between  and ,  from London Liverpool Street via . The station is managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates most of the services calling at the station. Some East Midlands Railway also stop at Eccles Road.

The station takes its name from being outside of the now abandoned original village of Eccles  although the church Eccles St. Mary still stands and is one of 124 original round-tower churches in Norfolk.  A new settlement, also called Eccles, has developed around the station. The station is situated in the civil parish of Quidenham, about 2 miles (3 km) north of that village, and 1 mile (1.5 km) north-east of Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit.

The station is unstaffed and has two platforms, adjacent to a level crossing. Wooden level crossing gates used to be opened and closed manually by a signaller in the local signal box, which is dated 1883. However, in 2012 the signal box was closed and the crossing was renewed with automatic barriers controlled from Cambridge. The redundant signal box stands across the road from the westbound (Cambridge) platform, and was expected to be demolished when the barriers were replaced in 2017.

History

The Bill for the Norwich & Brandon Railway (N&BR) received Royal Assent on 10 May 1844. Work started on the line in 1844 and the line and its stations were opened on 30 July 1845. , The line ran from Ely to Trowse, in Norwich. The link into Norwich was delayed due to the need to build a bridge over the River Wensum that kept the river navigable. One month before the N&BR opened a Bill authorising the amalgamation of the Yarmouth & Norwich Railway with the N&BR came into effect and so Eccles Road station became a Norfolk Railway asset.

Services
, from Monday to Saturday there are two trains per day eastbound to , both timed to arrive in Norwich before 09:00 and operated by Greater Anglia.

Westbound, there are two trains per day on weekday afternoons, one operated by East Midlands Railway which calls at , , and , before reversing and continuing to ; and the other to , operated by Greater Anglia. On Saturday afternoons there are two westbound services to  via Cambridge, both operated by Greater Anglia.

There is no Sunday service.

References

External links

St Mary's on the European Round Tower Churches Website

Railway stations in Norfolk
Former Great Eastern Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1845
Railway stations served by East Midlands Railway
Greater Anglia franchise railway stations
1845 establishments in England
Quidenham
Calcarine sulcus

The calcarine sulcus (or calcarine fissure) is an anatomical landmark located at the caudal end of the medial surface of the brain of humans and other primates. Its name comes from the Latin "calcar" meaning "spur". It is very deep, and known as a complete sulcus.

Structure 
The calcarine sulcus begins near the occipital pole in two converging rami. It runs forward to a point a little below the splenium of the corpus callosum. Here, it is joined at an acute angle by the medial part of the parieto-occipital sulcus. The anterior part of this sulcus gives rise to the prominence of the calcar avis in the posterior cornu of the lateral ventricle. The cuneus is above the calcarine sulcus, while the lingual gyrus is below it.

Development 
In humans, the calcarine sulcus usually becomes visible between 20 weeks and 28 weeks of gestation.

Function 
The calcarine sulcus is associated with the visual cortex. It is where the primary visual cortex (V1) is concentrated. The central visual field is located in the posterior portion of the calcarine sulcus, and the peripheral visual field is located in the anterior portion.

History 
The name of the calcarine sulcus comes from the Latin "calcar" meaning "spur".

Additional images

References

External links 

 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20090310124713/http://www2.umdnj.edu/~neuro/studyaid/Practical2000/Q31.htm
  - "The Visual Pathway from Below"
 NIF Search - Calcarine Fissure via the Neuroscience Information Framework

Sulci (neuroanatomy)
Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere
Occipital lobe
Anatomic Landmarks
Congress House

Congress House is the headquarters of the Trades Union Congress (TUC), a British organisation that represents most of the UK's trade unions. It is also an events venue, Congress Centre.

In 1948, David du Roi Aberdeen won an architectural competition to design the new TUC headquarters building in Great Russell Street, London. Staff began to move into the offices in 1956. Congress House was officially opened on 27 March 1958 along with the unveiling of a giant pietà-style statue of a woman holding her dead son. Carved in place in the internal courtyard by Jacob Epstein, it was intended as a memorial to the dead trade unionists of both world wars.

The front of the building is dominated by a bronze sculpture by Bernard Meadows representing the spirit of trade unionism with the strong helping the weak. The main facing material of the façade is polished grey Cornish granite.

Congress House was one of the earliest post-war buildings to be listed at Grade II*, in 1988.

In 2015, an ETFE roof was installed over the internal courtyard which enabled the glass roof of the conference centre below to be reinstated and affords protection to the Epstein statue.

In 2018, an extensive redevelopment of the rear of the building was carried out, creating a new entrance, reception, offices and staff facilities. Known as 'The Rookery', the new development includes a public artwork by German artist Eva Berendes inspired by traditional trade union badges.

Gallery

References

External links

TUC's webpage with details of the history of the building

Grade II* listed buildings in the London Borough of Camden
Office buildings completed in 1958
Trades Union Congress
1984 South African general election

General elections were held in South Africa in August 1984 to elect Coloured and Indian representatives to their respective houses of the Tricameral Parliament. The Coloured elections for the House of Representatives took place on 22 August, and resulted in a victory for the Labour Party, headed by the Reverend Allan Hendrickse, which won 76 of the 80 seats. The Indian elections for the House of Delegates were held on 28 August and saw the National People's Party emerge as the largest party, winning 18 of the 40 seats. The Indian elections were opposed by the United Democratic Front and were marked by boycotts and protests. Despite the Prohibition of Political Interference Act of 1968 which banned mixed-race political parties, nine Indian members of Hendricke's Labour Party stood as independents, one of whom won a seat and subsequently joined the NPP.

Background
In addition to the whites-only House of Assembly, a November 1983 referendum had approved the creation of two new houses an 80-member House of Representatives for Coloureds and a 40-member House of Delegates for Asians.

Results

House of Representatives

By constituency

House of Delegates

By constituency

Reactions
The United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 554 (1984) condemning the election, declaring it null and void as it was designed to entrench minority rule.

References

External links
BBC News report on the elections and reforms to Apartheid BBC Archive video

General elections in South Africa
South Africa
General
Events associated with apartheid
August 1984 events in Africa
Aboubakar Abdel Rahmane

Aboubakar Abdel Rahmane (died 1979) was a Chadian warlord active during the civil war. His early life is very undocumented, and his date of birth is unknown.  A semi-literate Muslim Kanembu, he originally belonged to Goukouni Oueddei's People's Armed Forces (FAP). A member of the FAP's Comité Militaire Interarmées Provisoire (CMIAP), he was expelled in 1977 from the organization for having protested against the neglect of his area, Kanem. Aboubakar formed the Third Liberation Army of the FROLINAT, later called Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad (MPLT) in January 1978. It was a small militia composed mostly of Kanembu and active around Lake Chad. It early became Nigeria's chief agent in the country, and also for this Aboubakar as head of the MPLT was one of the four Chadian leaders invited at the Kano peace conference in Nigeria in March 1979. Aboubakar played here an important role, being the only Chadian leader to advocate the withdrawal of French troops from Chad, a key aspect of the following Kano Accord, as the proclaimed necessity of an "African solution" (i.e. Nigerian). A government of national unity was created, and Aboubakar became Interior Minister. A month later, through Nigerian help he even obtained an associate of his, Lol Mahamat Choua, to be made president of the Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT). Some time after this Aboubakar died, and the importance of the MPLT waned, also through the new Lagos Accord.

References

Chad: A Country Study

Year of birth missing
1979 deaths
Chadian rebels
Date of death missing