alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Hind bint Awf

Hind bint ʿAwf () was a mother-in-law twice of Muhammad. As the mother, mother-in-law and grandmother of several companions of Muhammad, she was known as the "grandest mother-in-law on earth". She was also known by the name Khawla.

Family
Hind's father, Awf ibn Zuhayr ibn al-Haarith ibn Humaatah ibn Juraysh/Jarsh, was from the Himyar tribe of Yemen. Her mother was Aisha bint al-Muhazzam.

Marriage(s) and children
Hind apparently married four times and had at least nine children.

First marriage
Her first husband was Al-Jaz'i al-Zubaydi. Al-Tabari mentions one child from this union. A son.

1. Mahmiyah ibn Al-Jaz'i al-Zubaydi. 

He was an early convert to Islam who spent thirteen years in Abyssinia. On his arrival in Medina in 628, Muhammad appointed him community treasurer.

Second marriage
She also married Al-Harith ibn Hazan ibn Jubayr ibn Al-Hazm ibn Rubiya ibn Abdullah ibn Hilal. The Banu Hilal were residents of Mecca. Although they were wealthy, they did not have the political power of the Quraysh tribe.

From Harith, Hind was the mother of at least four children.
2. Lubaba "the Elder", better known as, Umm Fadl. She was the wife of ‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, and mother of seven of his children, including the famous Ibn Abbas.
3. Barra bint al-Harith, renamed Maymuna when she married her third husband, Muhammad.
4. Al-Saayib ibn al-Harith.
5. Qatn ibn al-Harith.

Third marriage
Her next husband was Khuzayma ibn Al-Harith al-Hilali. From him Hind had only one daughter:
6. Zaynab bint Khuzayma, who was also a wife of Muhammad. It is mentioned that "three of her brothers" were present at her funeral; since Mahmiyah was then in Abyssinia, these brothers must have been Al-Saayib, Qatn and Awn.

Fourth marriage
Hind's fourth husband was Umays ibn Ma'ad ibn Tamim ibn Al-Harith ibn Kaab ibn Malik from the Khath'am tribe. This marriage produced three children:
7. Asma bint Umays, who was married respectively to Rabia ibn Riyab al-Hilali, Jafar ibn Abi Talib, the first caliph of Islam Abu Bakr and the fourth caliph Ali, and from them, had at least eight children of her own.
8. Salma bint Umays, who married Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib and then Shaddad ibn Usama ibn Al-Haad al-Laythi. It is also said that she married Kaab ibn Inaba from the Khath'am tribe.
9. Awn ibn Umays, who died at the Battle of al-Harra.

Stepchildren
Al-Harith ibn Hazan also had at least three daughters from another wife, Fakhita bint Amir ibn Muattib ibn Malik al-Thaqafi. Hind's stepchildren from this marriage were:
10. Lubaba al-Sughra/Lubaba "the Younger"bint al-Harith, she's also known as Layla or Asma, who married Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi, and was the mother of the famous warrior Khalid Ibn Walid.
11. Huzayla bint al-Harith.
12. Ghorra bint Al-Harith, also known as Izza, who was married to Abdullah ibn Malik al-Hilali.

References

Women companions of the Prophet
7th-century Arab people
Himyarites
Tiaprofenic acid

Tiaprofenic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the arylpropionic acid (profen) class, used to treat pain, especially arthritic pain. The typical adult dose is 300 mg twice daily. It is not recommended in children.

Long-term use of tiaprofenic acid is associated with severe cystitis, roughly 100 times more commonly than other NSAIDs. It is contraindicated in patients with cystitis and urinary tract infections. It is sparingly metabolised in the liver to two inactive metabolites. Most of the drug is eliminated unchanged in the urine. Renal disease impairs excretion, and it should be used with caution in renal disease.

It was patented in 1969 and approved for medical use in 1981. It is available in generic formulations. A sustained-release preparation is available. It is an isomer of Suprofen.

References

External links 
 Manufacturer Data Sheet 

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Diarylketones
Thiophenes
Danny Heep

Daniel William Heep (born July 3, 1957) is a retired Major League Baseball outfielder.

Heep, who batted and threw left-handed, played for five different ballclubs during his 13-year career: the Houston Astros (1979–1982), New York Mets (1983–1986), Los Angeles Dodgers (1987–1988), Boston Red Sox (1989–1990), and Atlanta Braves (1991).

Heep played for two different World Series champions: the New York Mets in 1986, and the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1988.

Baseball career
Heep played baseball for, and graduated from, Lee High School in San Antonio.

Heep played for St. Mary's University in San Antonio where he was twice an All-American, in 1976 and 1978, as a pitcher. At St. Mary's he earned his bachelor's degree in physical education, and he is a member of that school's Athletic Hall of Fame.

Originally drafted by the Houston Astros in the 1979 Major League Baseball Draft, he compiled a .331 batting average, 23 home runs and 108 runs batted in (RBI) in a little over a year in the minors to earn his first major league call up. His major league debut came on August 31,  against the New York Mets. He remained with the Astros through the end of the season, achieving a .143 average with two runs batted in. The second RBI was a game winner against the Los Angeles Dodgers on September 30. He was the Pacific Coast League batting champion with a .343 average with the Tucson Toros in 1980.

After hitting .237 with four home runs and 22 RBI in 85 games with the Astros in 1982, he was acquired by the New York Mets for Mike Scott at the Winter Meetings on December 10.

Danny Heep was the 4,000th strikeout victim of Nolan Ryan, on July 11, 1985.

NCAA coach
Heep was the head coach for the NCAA Incarnate Word Cardinals baseball team in San Antonio from 1998-2017. Since becoming head coach in 1998, the program has won two conference championships. In 2014, they became a Division I program in the Southland Conference.

Head coaching record
Below is a table of Heep's yearly records as a collegiate head baseball coach.

Personal
His uncle was former major league catcher Matt Batts, who played for the Boston Red Sox, St. Louis Browns, Detroit Tigers, Chicago White Sox and Cincinnati Redlegs between 1947 and 1956.

References

Article – from University of the Incarnate Word's official website.
Interview with Danny on Blog Talk Radio. 
New York Times Article on Heep's collision with Terry Blocker.

External links

1957 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Atlanta Braves players
Baseball players from San Antonio
Boston Red Sox players
Columbus Astros players
Daytona Beach Astros players
Houston Astros players
Incarnate Word Cardinals baseball coaches
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball outfielders
New York Mets players
San Antonio Dodgers players
St. Mary's Rattlers baseball players
Tucson Toros players
Vancouver Canadians players
Kolodong, New South Wales

Kolodong, New South Wales () is a locality between Taree and Wingham in the Manning Valley on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia in the Mid-Coast.  Kolodong contains some agricultural land, a small residential area and a sizable industrial area.  Kolodong is home to a day care centre, Taree Baptist Church and Taree Christian College.

References

Mid North Coast
Towns in New South Wales
Kew, New South Wales

Kew, New South Wales is a small town in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia in the Port Macquarie-Hastings Council local government area. Kew is one of the communities that make up the Camden Haven district of Port Macquarie-Hastings.

Kew is located at the intersection of Nancy Bird Walton Drive (the former Pacific Highway) and Ocean Drive, the road to the larger town of Laurieton. Kew has a visitor information centre,
a pub, a post office, a small police station, a motel, a roadhouse and a general store. Traffic congestion along this stretch of the highway led to the construction of a new dual carriageway bypass of Kew to the east of the township as part of a highway upgrade from Coopernook to Herons Creek. Construction commenced in November 2007 and was completed in December 2009.

The largest school in the district, Camden Haven High School, is located 2 km east of Kew on Ocean Drive.

Kew is home to the Big Axe.

Kew Country Club is both a bowling and golf club and is located 100 metres west of the Pacific Highway traffic lights. The club has a lawn bowling green and two synthetic bowling greens. The golf course is eighteen holes with bent grass greens. Kew is served by several daily coaches along the Pacific Highway, and three NSW TrainLink XPT services at Kendall railway station on the North Coast Line 2 km to the west.

Population
In the 2016 Census, there were 1,089 people in Kew. 77.9% of people were born in Australia and 87.1% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were Anglican 29.3%, No Religion 23.2% and Catholic 19.4%.

Notable people
Nancy Bird Walton (1915 – 2009), world-famous aviator

References

Mid North Coast
Towns in New South Wales
Rufous-naped tit

The rufous-naped tit (Periparus rufonuchalis), also known as the black-breasted tit or dark-grey tit, is an Asian songbird species in the tit and chickadee family (Paridae). It was sometimes considered conspecific with the rufous-vented tit (P. rubidiventris), and was formerly placed in the genus Parus.

This tit is a native of the western Himalayas, but has a very large range, occurring in parts of India, China, Pakistan, Turkestan, Kyrgyzstan, and Afghanistan. Widespread and common, it is not considered a threatened species by the IUCN.

Footnotes

References
 
 Gill, Frank B.; Slikas, Beth & Sheldon, Frederick H. (2005): Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae): II. Species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Auk 122(1): 121–143. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0121:POTPIS]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract

External links 

 Picture of the rufous-naped tit

rufous-naped tit
Birds of Central Asia
Birds of Western China
Birds of Afghanistan
Birds of Pakistan
Birds of North India
rufous-naped tit
rufous-naped tit
William Nathaniel Massey

William Nathaniel Massey (3 June 1809 – 25 October 1881) was a British barrister, author and Liberal Member of Parliament.

Early life
Massey studied law, being admitted as a student at the Inner Temple in November 1826, and was called to the bar in January 1844. He married firstly in 1833, Frances Carleton, daughter of Rev John Orde.  Massey practised on the Western Circuit and in 1852 was appointed recorder of Portsmouth and in 1855 of Plymouth.

In politics
He first entered the House of Commons in July 1852 as a Liberal member for Newport, Isle of Wight. In April 1857 he became MP for Salford. In August 1855 he was appointed Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department during the first ministry of Lord Palmerston, and became a member of Brooks's. He held the office until March 1858 when the Conservatives came to power, and Lord Derby formed his second government.  He continued to represent Salford in the Commons until 1865, and was appointed Chairman of Committees of the Whole House. He purchased the old ruined estate at Old Basing House, Hampshire.

In January 1865 Massey left parliament to become a member of the Council of the Governor-General of India. He was nominated to the position of Minister for Finance in the British Raj, and was sworn onto the Privy Council. He retired from the council in 1868. 
As a "City Liberal" club member, Massey contested the constituency of Liverpool on 17 November 1868.  He was finally returned to parliament in November 1872 as MP for Tiverton, a seat he held until his death.

Later life
In 1869 Massey became chairman of the National Bank (later part of the Royal Bank of Scotland), a post he held for the rest of his life. He was a member of the Athenaeum Club; and was chairman of St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin. He died at his London home, 96 Portland Place, in October 1881.

Works
Massey's major work was A History of England under George III, which was published in four volumes between 1855 and 1863, by J. W. Parker & Son. It was unfinished, and drew on research of Edward Hawke Locker on George II. He also wrote:

Common Sense versus Common Law. London, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1850.

Family
His first wife was Frances Carleton Orde (3 November 1806 – 11 July 1872) daughter of John Orde and Frances Carleton, and their son was Charles Carleton Massey (23 December 1838 –29 March 1905), the famous writer on spiritualism, psychic phenomena, mysticism and theosophy.

In 1880, shortly before his last illness, Massey married Helen Henrietta, youngest daughter of the late Patrick Grant, Esq., Sheriff-Clerk of Inverness.

References

External links 
 

1809 births
1881 deaths
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1852–1857
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs 1868–1874
UK MPs 1874–1880
UK MPs 1880–1885
Members of the Council of India
Members of the Inner Temple
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Salford
Members of Parliament for Newport (Isle of Wight)
United Independent Albanian Trade Unions

The Union of the Independent Trade Unions of Albania (BSPSH), is a National Confederation of Trade unions in Albania. It was established in 1991 and held its first national conference in February, 1992. It has an estimated membership of 85,000.

Originally led by Valer Xheka - after a tumultuous and violent transition, including charges of a political takeover by Azem Hajdari, in 1998 the Supreme Court of Albania recognized Xhevdet Lubani as the legitimate leader.

References

External links
 www.icftu.org entry in the ITUC address book.

International Trade Union Confederation
Trade unions in Albania
National federations of trade unions
Trade unions established in 1991
1991 establishments in Albania
William Massey (disambiguation)

William Massey (1856–1925) was Prime Minister of New Zealand.

William Massey may also refer to:
Bill Massey (baseball) (1871–1940), baseball player in 1894
Bill Massey (softball) (1936–2020), New Zealand softball player, coach and umpire
William Massey (calligrapher) (1691–1764), author of The origin and progress of letters (London: J. Johnson, 1763).
William Massey (cricketer) (1846–1899), played cricket for Somerset and Lancashire
William Massey (rower) (1817–1898), rowed and played cricket for Cambridge University
William A. Massey (politician) (1856–1914), U.S. Senator
William A. Massey (mathematician) (born 1956), American mathematician
William Clifford Massey (1917–1974), American anthropologist
William Nathaniel Massey (1809–1881), British author and politician
William S. Massey (1920–2017), American mathematician
Union of Independent Trade Unions

Union of Independent Trade Unions may mean:

 Union of Independent Trade Unions (Portugal)
 United Independent Albanian Trade Unions
David Mitchell (builder)

David Mitchell (16 February 1829 – 25 March 1916) was a Scottish-Australian builder, responsible for Melbourne's  Royal Exhibition Building. He was the father of Dame Nellie Melba.

Biography

Born in Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1829, David Mitchell emigrated to Australia in 1852.

Mitchell is noted for building Scots' Church, Melbourne, St Patrick's Cathedral, Eastern Hill, Menzies Hotel in William Street, Melbourne (1857) and Presbyterian Ladies' College, East Melbourne (1874). His grandest accomplishment was the Royal Exhibition Building, which became the first Australian building to be awarded UNESCO World Heritage status.

In 1878 he bought land outside Lilydale on which he opened and operated the Cave Hill limestone and marble quarry. The business worked in tandem with his building company and was a great success, operating as the David Mitchell Estate Ltd after his death until it was sold to a Belgian conglomerate in 2002. It finally ceased operations in 2015.

David Mitchell died on 25 March 1916 and is buried in the Melbourne General Cemetery.

His eldest daughter, born Helen Porter Mitchell, was the renowned soprano Dame Nellie Melba; artist Helen Lempriere was a niece.

References

Joan Campbell, 'Mitchell, David (1829–1916)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 5, MUP, 1974, pp 259–260.

Australian builders
1829 births
1916 deaths
Scottish emigrants to colonial Australia
People from Angus, Scotland
Weeder

A number of common weeding tools are designed to ease the task of removing weeds from gardens and lawns.

Tool types 
 The fulcrum head weeder has a split tip like a serpent's tongue, and a long thin handle.  Many models have a curved piece of metal along the handle which is put against the ground while the tip is digging.  The curved metal piece acts as a fulcrum in a lever system.  It is helpful to remove weeds either with a tap root or a fibrous root system.
 The Cape Cod weeder has a long, thin handle and a triangular scraping head.  When the handle is held parallel to the ground, the head points downward.
 The crack weeder is a relative of the Cape Cod Weeder. It is designed to scrape out weeds growing in crevices, stone walls and other deep and narrow places.  The plane of the L-shaped scraping blade includes the handle; the bottom of the "L" is parallel to it.
 Guna is a short traditional knife with a wide flat tip used for digging and weeding in the Philippines.
 Homi is a short-handled traditional weeding and ploughing tool used by Korean People.

See also 
 Hoe

References

Bibliography

William Bryant Logan, Smith & Hawken The Tool Book, 1997

Gardening tools
Gosain

Gosain is an Indian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Satpal Gosain (1935–2020), Indian politician
Shivani Gosain (born 1975), Indian actress
Suhit Gosain (born 1985), Indian pop singer, actor, and performer

See also
 Gosains
 Gossain

Surnames of Indian origin
The Longest Winter

The Longest Winter: The Battle of the Bulge and the Epic Story of World War II's Most Decorated Platoon is a non-fiction book written by Alex Kershaw and published in 2004 by Da Capo Press. It became a New York Times bestseller.

It tells the story of the eighteen men of an intelligence platoon under the command by Lieutenant Lyle Bouck. Placed in  a front-line position, the soldiers fought fiercely outside the village of Lansareth to prevent the German advance on the morning of the Battle of the Bulge.

Platoon's actions

The Intelligence and Reconnaissance Platoon from the 394th Infantry Regiment of the 99th Infantry Division was the most decorated platoon of World War II for action on the first morning of the Battle of the Bulge defending a key road in the vicinity of the Losheim Gap. Led by 20-year-old Lieutenant Lyle Bouck Jr., the unit of 18 men and four forward  artillery observers held off an entire German battalion of over 500 men during a 20-hour-long fight, inflicting about 96 casualties on the Germans. The platoon seriously disrupted the entire German Sixth Panzer Army's schedule of attack along the northern edge of the offensive. At 1630 on 16 December, about 50 German paratroopers finally flanked the platoon and captured the remaining 15 soldiers. Two who had been sent on foot to regimental headquarters to seek reinforcements were captured, and a third was killed.

All fifteen survived imprisonment as prisoners of war. Due to their capture, the blur of events during the first week of this massive campaign, and their release and return home, the U.S. Army was not aware of the platoon's actions for thirty-seven years. A book by John S. D. Eisenhower, The Bitter Woods, which described the actions of the unit in detail, help bring attention to the unit's actions that day.

On January 15, 1981, the entire platoon was recognized by Secretary of the Army John O. Marsh with a Presidential Unit Citation, and every member of the platoon was decorated, including four Distinguished Service Crosses, five Silver Stars, and ten Bronze Stars with V for Valor, making the platoon America's most decorated of World War II.

References

Bibliography

External links
Interview with Alex Kershaw at the Pritzker Military Library

2004 non-fiction books
History books about World War II
Da Capo Press books
Prisoners of war in popular culture
Oxbridge, Dorset

Oxbridge is a hamlet in the English county of Dorset. It lies on the River Brit between Bridport and Beaminster.

External links 

Hamlets in Dorset
Indiscernibles

In mathematical logic, indiscernibles are objects that cannot be distinguished by any property or relation defined by a formula. Usually only first-order formulas are considered.

Examples
If a, b, and c are distinct and {a, b, c} is a set of indiscernibles, then, for example, for each binary formula , we must have

Historically, the identity of indiscernibles was one of the laws of thought of Gottfried Leibniz.

Generalizations
In some contexts one considers the more general notion of order-indiscernibles, and the term sequence of indiscernibles often refers implicitly to this weaker notion. In our example of binary formulas, to say that the triple (a, b, c) of distinct elements is a sequence of indiscernibles implies

Applications
Order-indiscernibles feature prominently in the theory of Ramsey cardinals, Erdős cardinals, and zero sharp.

See also 
Identity of indiscernibles
Rough set

References
 

Model theory
Anapus

In Greek mythology, Anapus () was god of the river Anapus in eastern Sicily.  He was worshiped by the Syracusans, who depicted him as a young man.  Anapus was husband to the naiad Cyane, who attempted to dissuade Hades from abducting Persephone, describing how she consented to Anapus' wooing out of love, rather than force.

References

Bibliography
 Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid), Metamorphoses.
 Claudius Aelianus (Aelian), Varia Historia (Historical Miscellany).
 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1854).

Potamoi
Rape of Persephone
William Francis

William or Bill Francis may refer to:

 William Francis (chemist) (1817–1904), British chemist and publisher
 William B. Francis (1860–1954), U.S. Representative from Ohio
 William Douglas Francis (1889–1959),  Australian botanist
 William T. Francis (1869–1929), American lawyer, politician, and diplomat from Minnesota
 Wil Francis (born 1982), member of the American post-hardcore band Aiden
 Willie Francis (1929–1947), convicted murderer
 Sir William Francis (civil engineer) (born 1926), British engineer

Sports
 Willie Francis (swimmer) (1911–1997), Scottish backstroke swimmer
 William Francis (baseball) (1879–1942), Negro leagues baseball player
 William Francis (cricketer) (1856–1917), English cricketer
 Bill Francis (rugby union) (1894–1981), New Zealand rugby union footballer
 Bill Francis (rugby league) (born 1947), rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s for Wigan, Wales, and Great Britain
 Bill Francis (broadcaster) (born 1947), New Zealand broadcaster, author and sports administrator
 Bill Francis (wrestler), son of Ed Francis

See also
William Frank (disambiguation)
Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut

The Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut is chosen by the jury members and a part of the annual Zee Cine Awards. They give awards to the new discoveries of Bollywood where they see some potential. The 1st Zee Cine Award was held on 14 March 1998 in Mumbai, India. Since then, the Award Ceremony is being held in different countries and continents.

The Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut was given in the 1st ZCA (1998). Mahima Chaudhary became the first recipient of the Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut (Jury/Critics). She received the award for Pardes (1997).

The most recent receipt is Rashmika Mandanna for Goodbye.

Winners
The winners are listed below:-

See also 
 Zee Cine Awards
 Bollywood
 Cinema of India

References

Zee Cine Awards
Film awards for debut actress
Sławomir Szwedowski

Sławomir Szwedowski (1928–2000) was a
Polish economist, professor at the
Institute of Economic Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

Until 1990, he was the financial director of the Institute (the head director was
Professor Jozef Pajestka and Professor Cezary Jozefiak). From 1994 to
1997, he was the science director (the head director at the time was
Professor (former Prime Minister) Marek Belka). In addition, he was a member of the Science Council of the Institute.

Selected scientific papers:
       Methods of measuring the efficiency of scientific and technical progress, 1976
      The politics and economics of scientific and technical progress, 1986
      Problems in technical progress, 1976
       The rationality and effectiveness of mechanisms of steering scientific and technical progress, 1991
He was published in the publications Gospodarka Polski [The Polish
Economy] and Studia Ekonomiczne [Economic Studies], among others.

See also

 List of Poles
 Szwedowski of Korwin coat of arms

1928 births
2000 deaths
20th-century  Polish economists
Nanae Katō

is a Japanese voice actress. Her best-known roles are as title characters in Croket!, Noramimi, and as well the lead role of Ahiru Arima from Princess Tutu.

Filmography
 Fancy Lala (1998), Boy (ep 19), Classmate (ep 7), Old Woman (ep 18), Student (ep 1), Student (2) (ep 10)
 Eat-Man '98 (1998), Alex
 Magic User's Club (1999), Madoka Masuko
 EX-Driver (2000)
 Inuyasha (2000), Child (Ep 162)
 Shiawase Sou no Okojo-san (2001), Yuuta Kudoo
 Kirby: Right Back at Ya! (2001), Tiff
 Magical Play (2001), Mustard
 Magical Play 3D (2001), Mustard
 UFO Ultramaiden Valkyrie (2002), Maid D
 Shrine of the Morning Mist (2002), Chika Yurikasa
 Princess Tutu (2002), Ahiru/Princess Tutu
 Pokémon Advance (2002), Pacchiru (ep 57)
 Croquette! (2003), Croquette
 Godannar (2003), Hayashi
 The Galaxy Railways (2003), Sarai (ep 9)
 Peacemaker (2003), Hana
 Rockman.EXE Stream (2004), Hazuki Yui
 Agatha Christie's Great Detectives Poirot and Marple (2004), Annie
 Kujibiki Unbalance (2004), Kenji Suzuki
 Transformers: Cybertron (2005), Skids
 Shakugan no Shana (2005), Domino
 Animal Yokocho (2005), Macchi
 Bakegyamon (2006), Mikiharu Kawaguchi, Theme Song Performance (ED2)
 Kamichama Karin (2007), Shii-chan/Nike
 Shakugan no Shana Second (2007), Domino
 Tamagotchi! (2007), Kuromametchi
 Shugo Chara! (2007), Miki
 Inazuma Eleven (2008), Kakeru Megane
 Noramimi (2008), Noramimi
 Shugo Chara!! Doki— (2008), Miki
 Hayate the Combat Butler!! (2009), Lost Children B
 Yuri's World (2017), Bird

Trivia
 Princess Tutu creator Ikuko Itoh had chosen Katō as the voice of Ahiru long before animation production had begun on the series.

References

External links

Nanae Katō at Ryu's Seiyuu Infos
 Nanae Katō at GamePlaza-Haruka Voice Acting Database 
 Nanae Katō at Hitoshi Doi's Seiyuu Database 

1976 births
Voice actresses from Ibaraki Prefecture
Living people
Japanese voice actresses
Osisko Lake

Osisko Lake (officially Lac Osisko) is a lake in Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, Canada. It is 3 km (2 mi) long, and 3 km wide. The downtown of Rouyn-Noranda is situated on its western shore. The lake is a recreational area, surrounded by trails and a bike path. The city hospital is also located on the lake's shore. The lake has been a polluted lake for decades since it has been contaminated by tailings from Noranda Mines.

Etymology

Osisko comes from Algonquin and means "muskrat".

References

Rouyn-Noranda
Lakes of Abitibi-Témiscamingue
Jinchang

Jinchang () is a prefecture-level city in the centre of Gansu province, People's Republic of China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the north. As of the 2020 Chinese census, its population was 438,026 inhabitants, of which 260,385 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of the Jinchuan District.

Geography 
Jinchang City is located in central Gansu province, west of the Yellow River, north of the Qilian Mountains, and south of the Alashan Plateau. The southwest of the city borders Qinghai Province and the northwest borders Inner Mongolia. The area is .

Transportation
Jinchang is served by the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway and the Jinchang Jinchuan Airport, opened in August 2011.

History
Jinchang has important archaeological sites from the Stone Age, a Western Han site, and sections of the Great Wall from the Han and Qing dynasties.

Administration
Jinchang has 1 district and 1 county with a total population of 464,050, half of which is urban.

Climate 
Jinchang has a continental, semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), with plenty of sunshine and a prevailing northwesterly wind throughout much of the year. Both diurnal and seasonal temperature variations are rather large, and springtime winds are often strong.

Economy
The 2002 GDP was 4.5 billion RMB. The average urban income was 8,233 RMB while rural was 3,051 RMB. Agriculture and natural resource based industries are the key to Jinchang's economy. It is called China's 'Nickel Capital' () and has an abundance of other mineral resources including quartz, iron, manganese, copper, cobalt, zinc, gold, tungsten, limestone, etc. Here placed Jinchuan Group.
The installation of a solar farm in the western part of Jinchang with a rated capacity of 1 GW and of a solar production facility with 300 MW capacity has been announced in May 2012.

Vegetable oil is its primary agricultural product.

Tourism
Cultural sites such as the Han and Qing dynasty Great Walls are popular tourist sites. The relatively undeveloped natural environment is also a draw for tourists.

References

External links

  Official site 

 
Prefecture-level divisions of Gansu
The Hogs (American football)

Highlighted names denote members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
The Hogs were a nickname given to the offensive line of the Washington Redskins (now known as the Washington Commanders) of the National Football League during the 1980s and early 1990s. Renowned for their ability to control the line of scrimmage, the Hogs helped the Redskins win three Super Bowl championships (XVII, XXII and XXVI) under head coach Joe Gibbs. The Washington Commanders pay homage to the Hogs with their mascot, Major Tuddy.

History
"The Hogs" was a term coined by offensive line coach Joe Bugel during training camp in 1982, when he told Russ Grimm and Jeff Bostic, "Okay, you hogs, let's get running down there." Center Jeff Bostic, left guard Russ Grimm, right guard Mark May, left tackle Joe Jacoby, right tackle George Starke, guard Fred Dean, along with tight ends Don Warren and Rick Walker comprised the original Hogs. While Starke retired in 1984 shortly after the team won their third NFL Championship and first Super Bowl in Super Bowl XVII, Bostic, Grimm, Jacoby, and Warren stayed together until the early 1990s and were on all three Redskins Super Bowl winning teams under Gibbs.

The line averaged 273 pounds in 1982 with Jacoby weighing in at around 300 pounds. Early on, the Hogs provided cover for running back John Riggins and quarterback Joe Theismann. Riggins was accepted as an "Honorary Hog." Quarterback Theismann threw a key block one day and begged to be named an "honorary piglet." Theismann never had to hit a blocking dummy every day, which is why he never made "piglet." Besides, Bugel said: "We don't want a quarterback in the gang." "No quarterbacks," Starke said at the time. Theismann has said in numerous occasions that after that block he did make it into "The Hogs" as a "Piglet."

Their successes inspired a group of male fans who came to be known as the "Hogettes", who attended games dressed in "old lady" drag (dresses, wide-brimmed hats) and wearing plastic pig snouts.  The Hogettes cheered on the Redskins for 30 years before announcing their retirement in 2013.

Soon after losing Super Bowl XVIII 38–9 to the Los Angeles Raiders in 1984, Starke retired. Theismann's career ended in 1985, after he suffered an injury while being tackled by New York Giants linebacker Lawrence Taylor. Riggins retired after the 1985 season. Shortly after, the Redskins were joined by a new class of Hogs, including 1985 draft pick Raleigh McKenzie, a left guard from the University of Tennessee, and 1989 draft pick Mark Schlereth, a right guard from the University of Idaho, along with Ray Brown, Ed Simmons, and Pro Bowl left tackle Jim Lachey, who was acquired in a trade with the Los Angeles Raiders. With their help, Washington won two more Super Bowls - XXII in 1988 and XXVI in 1992. Grimm was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2010.

See also
List of NFL nicknames

References

External links

Nicknamed groups of American football players
 
Washington Commanders
Uhuru

Uhuru (a Swahili word meaning freedom) may refer to:

People
Uhuru Hamiter (born 1973), American football player
Uhuru Kenyatta (born 1961), President of Kenya from 2013 to 2022

Places
Uhuru (Tanzanian ward), an administrative ward in the Dodoma Urban district of the Dodoma Region
Uhuru Monument, or Uhuru Torch Monument, a landmark monument in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Uhuru Park in Nairobi, Kenya
Uhuru Peak, the highest summit on the rim of Kibo volcanic cone at Mount Kilimanjaro

Music
Uhuru (band), a South African music group
Uhuru (album), a 1992 album by Osibisa
Uhuru record label set up in 1971 by Roy Cousins
"Uhuru", track on 2008 album Astrological Straits by Zach Hill
 Black Uhuru, a 1980’s reggae group

Other uses
, a Lake Victoria ferry in East Africa
Uhuru (satellite), the first satellite launched specifically for the purpose of X-ray astronomy
Uhuru (novel), a 1962 novel by American author Robert Ruark
Uhuru Design, a Brooklyn-based design and build sustainable furniture company
Uhuru Mobile, a secure Android-based operating system
Uhuru Torch, a national symbol of Tanzania
Uhuru, a name given to one of the East African Railways EAR 60 class locomotives
Uhuru, a slogan used by the Proud Boys, a far-right neo-fascist group

See also

Uhura, a character in Star Trek
Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock, a landform in Australia
Uhuru Afrika, a 1960 album by American jazz pianist Randy Weston 
Uhuru Movement, a socialist movement led by the African People's Socialist Party
Harambee, another Swahili word which has seen considerable popular use
Dušníky

Dušníky () is a municipality and village in Litoměřice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

References

Villages in Litoměřice District
International Alliance of Research Universities

The International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU) was launched on 14 January 2006 as a co-operative network of 10 leading, international research-intensive universities who share similar visions for higher education, in particular the education of future leaders. The IARU Chair is elected from among the IARU Presidents for a period of 2 years. Past IARU Chairpersons: At the launch the presidents elected Professor Ian Chubb, 2005 - 2008 (Australian National University); Professor Tan Chorh Chuan, 2009 - 2012 (National University of Singapore); Professor Ralph Eichler, 2013 - 2014 (ETH Zurich); Professor Ralf Hemmingsen, 2015 - 2016 (University of Copenhagen); Professor Nicholas Dirks, 2017 (University of California, Berkeley); Chancellor Carol Christ, 2017 - 2018 (University of California, Berkeley); President Makoto Gonokami, 2018 - 2020 (University of Tokyo). The present Chair of IARU is the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, Professor Stephen Toope. 

In January 2016, the University of Cape Town joined as the 11th member.

Its Presidents meet annually at a host university venue to discuss joint initiatives under the following categories:
Global education initiatives, which includes the flagship Global Summer Program ;
Institutional joint networking;
Grand Challenge, and most notably its Campus Sustainability; and,
Research initiatives.

List of institutions
 Australian National University
 ETH Zurich
 National University of Singapore
 Peking University
 University of California, Berkeley
 University of Cambridge
 University of Cape Town
 University of Copenhagen
 University of Oxford
 University of Tokyo
 Yale University

External links
IARU website

International college and university associations and consortia
Scott Miller

Scott Miller may refer to:

Musicians
Scott Miller (pop musician) (1960–2013), rock guitarist, songwriter, author, founder of bands Game Theory and The Loud Family
Scott Miller (country musician) (born 1968), Southern rock singer with the Commonwealth, former member of the V-Roys

Sports
Scott Miller (1990s wide receiver) (born 1968), American former football wide receiver
Scotty Miller (born 1997), American football wide receiver
Scott Miller (soccer, born 1972), Australian soccer coach and former player
Scott Miller (soccer, born 1981), Australian soccer coach and former player
Scott Miller (swimmer) (born 1975), Australian Olympic silver medalist in swimming

Others
Scott Miller (activist) (born 1979), American LGBT rights activist, philanthrophist, and diplomat
Scott Miller (artist) (1955–2008), American painter from Cleveland, Ohio
Scott Miller (author) (born 1960), American journalist, author of The President and the Assassin 
Scott Miller (entrepreneur) (born 1961), founder of Apogee Software, programmer and developer of games such as Duke Nukem
Scott Allen Miller (born 1970), American disc jockey, producer, and talk radio host
Scott Douglas Miller (born 1959), American university president
Scott D. Miller, chief executive officer of SSA & Company
Scott L. Miller (born 1966), American composer

See also
Austin Scott Miller (born 1961), United States Army general, appointed in 2018 as commander of NATO forces in Afghanistan
ABCL

ABCL can refer to

 Actor-Based Concurrent Language
 American Birth Control League
 Amitabh Bachchan Corporation
 Armed Bear Common Lisp
 Automatic Barrier Crossing Locally monitored, a type of level crossing in the United Kingdom

See also
 ACBL (disambiguation)
Collectives of Young Communists – Communist Youth

Collectives of Young Communists – Communist Youth (Col·lectius de Joves Comunistes - Joventut Comunista), more known simply as "CJC" or "Joventut Comunista", is the youth wing of the Party of the Communists of Catalonia (Partit dels i les Comunistes de Catalunya), the main communist party in Catalonia (Spain). It's the largest Catalan communist youth organization created as a result of the PCC foundation after the struggle within former PSUC in 1982. It continues the historical line of the Communist Youth of Catalonia (Joventut Comunista de Catalunya, JCC).

CJC-Joventut Comunista has its own publication, Revolució, and holds a festival every year called Festa Revolució.

It is divided in different sectors or federations, such as University, Young Woman, Youth and Work, and the territorial collectives. CJC-Joventut Comunista also has a federation for international brigadists, called Brigadists Movement (Moviment de Brigadistes), which organises travels of solidarity and cooperation in Cuba (brigade Dolores Ibárruri), Venezuela (brigade Simón Bolívar), and in the Sahara (brigade Sahara Hora). It maintains international contact with main communist or left-wing youth organizations of the world, and is member of the World Federation of Democratic Youth.

See also
Young Communists (Catalonia)

External links
 www.joventutcomunista.org
 www.movimentdebrigadistes.org

Youth wings of communist parties
Youth wings of political parties in Spain
Super G (disambiguation)

Super G may refer to:

 Super Giant Slalom skiing, abbreviated to Super G
 Commercial names:
 Super G (wireless networking), Atheros' proprietary enhancements to IEEE 802.11g wireless LAN performance
 Super G is also a brand formerly used by Giant Food of Landover, Maryland
 Lockheed L-1049G Super Constellation, a propeller driven airliner often referred to as the "Super G"
Kruschwitz

Kruschwitz may refer to:
German name of Kruszwica, town in central Poland, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
 Treaty of Kruschwitz (German: Vertrag von Kruschwitz)

People with the surname
 Dr. Peter Kruschwitz
 Dr. Mitchel Linhart Kruschwitz

See also 
 Krauschwitz
 Krauschwitz, Saxony-Anhalt
Elm River (Illinois)

The Elm River is a  tributary of the Little Wabash River in southeastern Illinois in the United States.  Via the Little Wabash, Wabash and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.

The Elm flows for its entire length in Wayne County.  It is formed by the confluence of Elm Creek and Raccoon Creek, which flow from Clay County, and thence flows generally southeastwardly to its confluence with the Little Wabash.  Portions of the stream's lower course have been channelized and re-routed to drainage ditches.

The Raccoon Creek Power Plant, a combustion turbine generator (CTG)-type Ameren power plant, is located on Raccoon Creek in Clay County.

See also
List of Illinois rivers

References

DeLorme (2003).  Illinois Atlas & Gazetteer.  Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme.  .

Rivers of Illinois
Rivers of Wayne County, Illinois
Tony Benshoof

Antony Lee "Tony" Benshoof (born July 7, 1975) is an American luger from White Bear Lake, Minnesota who has been competing since 1990.  He won three medals in the mixed team event at the FIL World Luge Championships with two silvers (2004, 2005) and one bronze (2001).

Benshoof was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota.  Competing in three Winter Olympics, Benshoof earned his best finish of fourth by .153 seconds in the men's singles event at Turin in 2006.  He was the highest Olympic finisher for any USA Luge athlete in Men's Singles Luge prior to Chris Mazdzer's silver medal in the 2018 Pyeong Chang olympics. Benshoof also holds records for most international medals won (37) by any USA Men's Singles athlete and most US National titles won.   Every medal Benshoof won was under head coach Wolfgang Schädler (1985–2010).

On October 16, 2001, Benshoof became the Guinness World Record holder for fastest speed on a luge sled at 86.6 mph (139.4 km/h) at the bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track in Park City, Utah, used for the 2002 Winter Olympics.

His best Luge World Cup overall finish was third in men's singles in 2005-6.

References

FIL-Luge profile
Hickok sports information on World champions in luge and skeleton.
List of men's singles luge World Cup champions since 1978.
Official website
USA luge team profile
US Olympic team website

External links
 
 
 
 
 

1975 births
Living people
American male lugers
Olympic lugers for the United States
Lugers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Elm River

Elm River refers to several places:

Rivers
Elm River (Illinois)
Elm River (Michigan)
Elm River (North Dakota–South Dakota), a river in North Dakota and South Dakota
 Rivière à l'Orme (English: Elm River), a tributary of Lac des Deux Montagnes, in Montreal, Quebec]], Canada

Inhabited Places
Elm River Township, Michigan

See also
Elm River Township (disambiguation)
Elm Creek (disambiguation)
Elm (disambiguation)
Flowerpot technique

The flowerpot technique is an animal testing technique used in sleep deprivation studies. It is designed to allow NREM sleep but prevent restful REM sleep. The test is usually performed with rodents.

Technique
During sleep deprivation studies, a laboratory rat is housed in a water filled enclosure with a single small, dry platform (traditionally, an upside down flowerpot in a bucket of water, from which the technique is named) just above the water line (>1 cm). While in NREM sleep, the rat retains muscle tone and can sleep on top of the platform. When the rat enters the more meaningful REM sleep, it loses muscle tone and falls off the platform into the water, then climbs back up to avoid drowning, and reenters NREM sleep, or its nose becomes submerged, shocking the rat back into an awakened state. This allows the rat to physically rest to avoid fatigue, but deprives it of REM sleep needed for normal mental function. The rat can then be subjected to physical and mental tasks and its performance is compared with the performance of rested control rodents, or its tissue (particularly the brain) be analyzed.

See also
Disk-over-water method

References

 
 
 

Animal testing techniques
Ethically disputed research practices towards animals
Sleeplessness and sleep deprivation
Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs

The under secretary of state for public diplomacy and public affairs is currently a top-ten ranking position in the U.S. Department of State that is intended to help ensure public diplomacy is practiced in combination with public affairs and traditional diplomacy to advance U.S. national interests. The under secretary oversees two bureaus at the State Department: Educational and Cultural Affairs and Global Public Affairs. Also reporting to the under secretary are the Global Engagement Center, the Office of Policy, Planning and Resources for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, and the Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy.

The position was created on October 1, 1999, during the Clinton administration after Title XIII, Section 1313 of the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998 (112 Stat. 2681-776). Section 2305 of the Act (112 Stat. 2681-825) increased the number of under secretaries of state from five to six. Subdivision A of the Act, also known as the Foreign Affairs Agencies Consolidation Act of 1998, abolished the United States Information Agency and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.

On April 4, 2022, Elizabeth M. Allen was named acting under secretary by designation and on June 13, 2023 she was confirmed by a vote of 66–33 in the United States Senate. She assumed office on June 15, 2023.

Full appointments to the position require confirmation by the Senate.

From October 1, 1999, through August 29, 2019, the under secretary has been without a confirmed appointment 35.8% of the days. The average time between confirmed appointments is 289 days (or over 9.5 months). Looking at the last three administrations, the office was without a confirmed under secretary for 37.2% of the Bush administration, 21.8% of the Obama administration, and 89.4% of the Trump administration (as of August 29, 2019).

List of under secretaries of state for public diplomacy and public affairs

References

External links
Website of the Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs
Publicdiplomacy.org
Margaret D. Tutweiler leaves the Department of State for the New York Stock Exchange
The Office of the Historian's list of former Under Secretaries

 
1999 introductions
Public relations in the United States