alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
James River (Missouri)

The James River is a  river in southern Missouri. It flows from northeast Webster County until it is impounded into Table Rock Lake. It is part of the White River watershed. The river forms Lake Springfield and supplies drinking water for the city of Springfield.

Course 
Its source is northeast of the town of Seymour in Webster County. Its headwaters initially flow south then turns west to northwesterly north of Seymour and turns southwest near Northview and passes down the east side of Springfield where it is impounded to form Lake Springfield. From Springfield, it flows west and then south past Galena where it enters Table Rock Lake, a reservoir on the White River.

Major tributaries into the James River include: Pierson Creek, Wilson Creek, Finley Creek, Crane Creek, and Flat Creek.

Recreation 
Large sections of the James River are floatable by canoe or kayak. A solid 3-day float from the public access on the downstream side of the dam to Galena is possible when the levels are high enough.

The James River is a source of drinking water for the city of Springfield. Lake Springfield is the primary source of water for the cooling system at the James River Power Plant which sits by the dam. The lake is a popular fishing and kayaking destination with docks and access points made by the Missouri Conservation Department. The river contains bass, catfish, crappie and bluegill. Four of the five world record Ozark bass were caught on the James River.

Dams 
The dam on the James River creates Lake Springfield and serves as the cooling reservoir for the James River Power Plant.

The river flows into the White River upstream from the hydroelectric Table Rock Dam, operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.

Name 
The name most likely is a transfer from the James River located in Virginia. James River Freeway on the Springfield's south side is named after the river.

References

Rivers of Missouri
Rivers of Greene County, Missouri
Rivers of Webster County, Missouri
Rivers of Christian County, Missouri
Rivers of Stone County, Missouri
Geography of Springfield, Missouri
Bodies of water of the Ozarks
Bodies of water of Greene County, Missouri
Tributaries of the White River (Arkansas–Missouri)
International Federation Textile-Clothing

The International Federation Textile-Clothing (IFTC/FITH) was an International Trade Federation of the World Confederation of Labour (WCL).

History
The federation traced its history to 1901, when the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions of Textile Workers was established at a meeting in Düsseldorf.  The organisation ceased to operate during World War I, but was revived in 1921.  By 1935, it had affiliates in Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, the Netherlands and Switzerland.

It later merged with the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions in the Clothing and Allied Trades, and changed its name to the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions of Textile and Garment Workers, then in 1971 it became the International Federation of Textile and Clothing Workers' Unions.

In 2006, the WCL merged with the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, and in November 2007, the IFTC merged into the International Textile, Garment and Leather Workers' Federation (ITGLWF).

Organisation
The federation worked closely with the Latin American Federation of Industrial and Construction Workers (FLATIC), and the Asian Trade Federation for the Mixed Industries Group, both WCL-affiliated bodies.  In Europe, it instead worked with the European Trade Union Committee for Textiles, Clothing and Leather, which was dominated by ITGLWF affiliates.

Leadership

General Secretaries
1921: Albert van der Meijs
1940s: H. A. C. Huysmans
1974: Clem Pauwels
1990s: Bart Bruggeman
2000s: Jaap Jongejan

Presidents
1921: Bernhard Otte
1933: Heinrich Fahrenbach
1940s: Prosper van Wesemael
1970s: Lucien Fruru
1990s: Jacques Jouret
2000s: Dirk Uyttenhove

References

External links
www.cmt-wcl.org, detail from the WCL website.

 
World Confederation of Labour
Trade unions established in 1901
Trade unions disestablished in 2007
Farewell (Tomiko Van album)

Farewell is Tomiko Van's first original studio album under the Avex Trax label. The album was released on March 29, 2006.

Information
Farewell is the debut album by Japanese singer Tomiko Van as a solo artist. It was released in Japan as both CD and CD+DVD versions, with drastic differences on the covers between the two of them. This album is the first production released by Van after the disband of Do As Infinity.

For unclear reasons, the album did not have promotional singles before its release for helping sales. A few of the songs on the album have already appeared on various soundtracks, which might have been one of the reasons they cut straight into the release of the debut album. Only airplay of two of the music videos made for promotion, the jazz tune "Hold Me..." and ballad "Farewell". Both promotional videos were included on the DVD from the CD+DVD version of the album.

With this album, Van gave a totally different step on her music, really different compared to old works with band Do As Infinity; all the songs from this album are mainly ballads or soft tunes, with some guitars included in some of the tracks. Also, Van got more into jazz in some of the songs. A cover of the theme song from the Disney animated film Cinderella, "A Dream is a Wish Your Heart Makes," originally first included on the Japanese release of the special edition of the DVD OST release, was also included as a bonus track.

Track listing

CD
"farewell" – 4:06
"morning glory" – 4:37
  – 4:03
 "Essence" – 4:26
 "horoscope" – 6:14
 "complacence" – 4:09
  – 3:59
 "HOLY PLANET" – 5:13
 "Before Sunset"" – 5:35
 "Hold Me..." – 4:54
 "A Dream is a Wish Your Heart Makes" (Bonus Track) – 3:19

DVD
 "farewell"
 "Hold Me..."

Personnel
 Tomiko Van - vocals

Production
 Art Direction & Design - Toshiaki Uchikoshi (King Cay Lab.)
 Photographer - Kaori Suzuki
 Stylist - Kyohei Ogawa
 Hair & Make-up - Hirokazu Niwa (maroon brand)

Charts

External links
 Tomiko Van's official website 

2006 albums
Tomiko Van albums
Josef Mach

Josef Mach (25 February 1909, in Prostějov – 7 July 1987, in Prague) was a Czech actor, screenwriter and film director.

Josef Mach worked as a journalist and stage performer at the beginning of his career, then in 1938 was appointed assistant director of short films at Grafo Film Studio working with director Václav Kubásek.  From 1946 Mach directed many feature films for Barrandov Studios in Prague. He is best known for The Sons of Great Bear, a 1966 Red Western film that he directed for the East German DEFA film studio.

Filmography

Sources
 Josef Mach at České filmové nebe (Czech Film Heaven)

References

External links

 Josef Mach at the DEFA Film Library Catalog

1909 births
1987 deaths
Czech film directors
Czech screenwriters
Male screenwriters
Czech male film actors
German-language film directors
20th-century Czech male actors
20th-century screenwriters
Male Western (genre) film actors
2004–05 UEFA Cup

The 2004–05 UEFA Cup was the 34th edition of the UEFA Cup. The format of the competition had changed from previous seasons, replacing that from the previous one after the abolition of the Cup Winners' Cup in 1999; an extra qualifying round was introduced, as was a group phase after the first round.  The group stage operated in a single round-robin format consisting of eight groups of five teams, each team plays two games at home and two away and the top three finishers of each group progress to the knock-out round, joining the eight third-placed teams from the UEFA Champions League group stage.

The tournament was won by CSKA Moscow, coming from behind in the final against Sporting CP, in whose home stadium the match was played. It was the first win by a Russian side in any European competition. The match was refereed by Graham Poll.

Valencia were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Steaua București in the Round of 32 after dropping out of the UEFA Champions League Group Stage.

Teams
The labels in the parentheses show how each team qualified for the place of its starting round:
 TH: Title holders
 CW: Cup winners
 CR: Cup runners-up
 LC: League Cup winners
 Nth: League position
 PO: End-of-season European competition play-offs (winners or position)
 IC: Intertoto Cup
 FP: Fair play
 CL: Relegated from the Champions League
 GS: Third-placed teams from the group stage
 Q3: Losers from the third qualifying round

Notes

Qualifying rounds

First qualifying round

Second qualifying round

First round

|}
 Due to a general strike in Israel, the first leg was cancelled by UEFA.

Group stage

Based on paragraph 4.06 in the UEFA regulations for the current season, tiebreakers, if necessary, are applied in the following order:
Cumulative goal difference in group matches.
Total goals scored in group matches.
Away goals scored in group matches.
Higher number of UEFA coefficient points accumulated by the club in question, as well as its association, over the previous five seasons (see paragraph 6.03 of the UEFA regulations).

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Group E

Group F

Group G

Group H

Knockout stage

Bracket

Round of 32

|}

Round of 16

|}

Quarter-finals

|}

Semi-finals

|}

Final

Top goalscorers

See also
2004–05 UEFA Champions League
2005 UEFA Super Cup
2004 UEFA Intertoto Cup

Notes

References

External links

2004–05 All matches UEFA Cup – season at UEFA website
Official Site
Results at RSSSF.com
 All scorers 2004–05 UEFA Cup according to (excluding preliminary round) according to protocols UEFA + all scorers preliminary round
2004/05 UEFA Cup – results and line-ups (archive)
Inaugural group stage draws closer – 2004/05 UEFA Cup group stage seeding pots

 
2004–05 in European football
UEFA Cup seasons
Districts of Prussia

Prussian districts () were administrative units in the former Kingdom of Prussia, part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918, and its successor state, the Free State of Prussia, similar to a county or a shire. They were established in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg Reforms from 1815 to 1818 at an intermediate level, between the higher provinces and the government districts (Regierungsbezirke), and the lower municipal governments (Gemeinden). Then part of a modern and highly effective public administration structure, they served as a model for the present-day districts of Germany

In the aftermath of World War I, the Prussian districts of Eupen and Malmedy (Belgium) were annexed by Belgium in 1925, thereby causing the presence of a German-speaking minority.

Administration
After the Napoleonic Wars and the 1815 Congress of Vienna, the Prussian lands were re-arranged into ten provinces, three of them—East Prussia, West Prussia and the Grand Duchy of Posen—beyond the borders of the German Confederation. The provinces were internally divided into up to six Regierungsbezirke and further into the districts on local level, headed by a Landrat administrator. The districts usually took the name of their capital (Kreisstadt), seat of the administrative office (Landratsamt). A typical district had a rough diameter of , in order to ensure that even the remotest villages could be reached by carriage within a day, though few were circular in shape. In some areas, larger districts were split into two smaller districts or were resized with neighboring ones. 

Larger cities usually retained their self-administration according to traditional German town law and formed exempt urban districts (Stadtkreise) comparable to independent cities. Often these cities also served as the administrative seat responsible for the smaller towns and villages incorporated into the surrounding rural districts, which then were called (Landkreise) for the purpose of differentiation (e.g. Stadtkreis and Landkreis Königsberg). The number of urban districts increased in the course of the Industrial Revolution and the following urbanization from the 1830s onwards.

See also
Prussia

 
Subdivisions of Prussia

de:Geschichte der Kreisbildung in Deutschland#Preußen
Allamagoosa

"Allamagoosa" is a science fiction short story by English author Eric Frank Russell, originally published in the May 1955 issue of Astounding Science Fiction and collected in The Hugo Winners (1962), The Best Of Eric Frank Russell (1978), and Major Ingredients: The Selected Short Stories of Eric Frank Russell (2000).

Plot summary
While preparing for an inspection, the crew of the starship Bustler reread their manifest and discover that they are supposed to have something called an "offog"; however, nobody knows what that is. They devise a plan to pass the inspection anyway: going on the assumption that nobody else would know what it is either, they simply manufacture a small box with blinkenlights and feed the commanding officer some technobabble about what the device does. The plan seems to work, and the ship passes the inspection.

The ship is soon ordered back to Earth for overhaul; the crew, fearing that their deception will soon be uncovered, try to get rid of the "offog" and message headquarters that it "came apart under gravitational stress". Two days later, the entire fleet is ordered to be grounded, and the crew realizes that "offog" was a typo of "off.dog", short for "official dog", and the headquarters are now grounding the fleet to conduct an investigation about how an animal could come apart under gravitational stress.

Reception
"Allamagoosa" won the 1955 Hugo Award for Best Short Story.

John Joseph Adams has called it "uproariously funny".

James Nicoll has commented that it is "apparently based on an urban legend". In fact, it is essentially a science-fictional retelling of a traditional tall story called "The Shovewood".

References

External links

Allamagoosa at webarchive of scifi.com

1955 short stories
Science fiction short stories
Science fiction comedy
Hugo Award for Best Short Story winning works
Works originally published in Analog Science Fiction and Fact
Stonehaven railway station

Stonehaven railway station serves the town of Stonehaven in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, United Kingdom. It is sited  from Carlisle via Perth, on the Dundee to Aberdeen line, and is situated between Laurencekirk and Portlethen. There is a crossover at the southern end of the station, which can be used to facilitate trains turning back if the line towards Aberdeen is blocked.

History 

The station was opened as part of the Aberdeen Railway on 1 November 1849.  This later became part of the Scottish North Eastern Railway and then the Caledonian Railway.  The North British Railway began serving it in 1883, with the opening of the line from  to Kinnaber Junction via  – this has been the only route south since the closure of the original main line to Perth via  in September 1967.

In 1899, work started to improve the station. The platforms were raised, widened, and extended southward over the bridge to the south of the station. The buildings on the down platform were also replaced.

The station previously had a third platform, a bay facing north. The land where this once stood is now used as parking. There was also a station building on the northbound platform which has since been demolished.

On 12 August 2021, one year after the Stonehaven derailment occurred at Carmont, southwest of Stonehaven railway station, a plaque was unveiled dedicated to the three people killed in the derailment.

Stonehaven also has a B listed signal box with a 40 lever Stevens and Sons frame.

Facilities 
The station is equipped with a ticket office and an accessible toilet on platform 1, with help points, benches and waiting rooms on both platforms, as well as car parks adjacent to both platforms. Platform 2 also has a ticket machine. Both platforms have step-free access to their car parks, but they are linked by a stepped subway.

Services

Trains on both the Edinburgh to Aberdeen Line and the Glasgow to Aberdeen Line call here, though some services to and from Glasgow skip this station outside peak periods. Four London North Eastern Railway services also call each way Mondays - Saturdays (three to/from London King's Cross, the other to/from ), along with the two CrossCountry services between Aberdeen and Plymouth/Edinburgh. The Caledonian Sleeper also operates to London Euston six days per week (not on Saturday nights).

Service frequencies to the station were improved in 2018 as part of a revised timetable funded by Transport Scotland.  A new "Aberdeen Crossrail" commuter service was introduced between Montrose and , which calls hourly in each direction at Stonehaven (in addition to existing services) and the other intermediate stations.

References

Bibliography

External links 

 Video footage of the station on YouTube

Railway stations in Aberdeenshire
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1849
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Railway stations served by Caledonian Sleeper
Railway stations served by CrossCountry
Railway stations served by London North Eastern Railway
Stonehaven
1849 establishments in Scotland
Listed railway stations in Scotland
Category C listed buildings in Aberdeenshire
Indiana State Road 232

State Road 232 in the U.S. state of Indiana is a short route that connects at the west end with its parent, State Road 32, east of Anderson. It offers access to Mounds State Park.

Route description 
The western terminus of SR 232 is at an intersection of SR 32 and State Road 9 in Anderson.  SR 232 heads southeast from the intersection.  Near the intersection of Rangeline Road, SR 232 turns to the northeast.  At the intersection of Donnelly Road, SR 232 turns left heading to Mounds State Park.  SR 232 heads northeast until the entrance of Mounds State Park, the entrance is the eastern terminus of SR 232.

History 
It is a former routing of State Road 32, before it was routed northward on State Road 9 and then out to the east of the city.  SR 32 Continued past Mounds State Park moving south of the anderson Airport into Downtown Chesterfield.

Major intersections

References

External links

232
Transportation in Madison County, Indiana
McCutcheon High School

McCutcheon High School is located in Lafayette, Indiana, located on Old 231 South. The school was established in 1975 with the merger of Wainwright and Southwestern high schools and is named after John T. McCutcheon, who was a political cartoonist and Tippecanoe County native. It has been active in the North Central Conference since 2014.

Academic Teams

 Academic Quiz Bowl
 Academic Spell Bowl
 Academic Super Bowl
 FIRST Robotics Competition Team 4272
 Science Olympiad 
 Speech Team

Athletics
The following sports are offered at McCutcheon:

Baseball (Boys)
State Runner Up - 1994
State Champs - 1999, 2003
Basketball (Girls)
State Runner Up - 1993
Basketball (Boys)
State Runner up - 2016
Bowling (Girls & Boys)
Cheerleading (Co-Ed)
Cross Country (Girls & Boys)
Football (Boys)
State Runner Up - 1982
Unified Football (Co-Ed)
State Runner Up - 2019
State Champion - 2020
Golf (Girls & Boys)
Gymnastics (Girls)
Soccer (Girls & Boys)
Softball (Girls)
State Runner Up - 2005
State Champs - 2008
Swimming & Diving (Girls & Boys)
Tennis (Girls & Boys)
Track & Field (girls & boys)
Volleyball (Girls and Boys)
State Runner Up (Girls) - 1982, 1989
State Champion (Girls) - 2021
Wrestling (Boys)

Notable alumni
Jeremy Camp - contemporary Christian Singer
Shannon Hoon - singer, Blind Melon
Clayton Richard - pitcher, San Diego Padres
Brian Price - defensive tackle, Dallas Cowboys
Nick Wittgren - pitcher, Cleveland Indians 
Jarrett Maier - actor
 Rob Phinisee, Indiana University basketball guard

See also
 List of high schools in Indiana

References

External links
McCutcheon High School
Tippecanoe School Corporation

Public high schools in Indiana
Buildings and structures in Lafayette, Indiana
Schools in Tippecanoe County, Indiana
1975 establishments in Indiana
Layke Anderson

Layke Anderson (born 10 October 1983) is a British film director and former actor.

Career
Anderson starred opposite Udo Kier and Stephen Fry in the 2009 Luxembourgian-German drama House of Boys, though left acting behind shortly after to explore working behind the scenes.
Other acting credits include Richard Attenborough’s Closing the Ring, action-horror Re-Kill, and Babylon (TV series) directed by Danny Boyle.

Anderson's directorial debut Dylan's Room, starring Joanna Scanlan, screened at over thirty international film festivals winning multiple awards, and was later nominated for a British Independent Film Award.
Dylan's Room was followed by the experimental film,  Happy Thoughts.

Filmography
Director / Writer / Editor
2012: Dylan's Room (short)
2014: Happy Thoughts (short)
2016: Shopping (short)
2017: Epilogue (short)
2018: London Unplugged, Directed Shopping segment 
2019: Mankind (short)

Actor
2003: X2 as Cypher (Douglas Aaron Ramsey)  (uncredited)
2004: Almost Strangers as Heath
2006: Communism and Football as Eduard Streltsov
2007: Dolphins as Lawrence
2007: Popcorn as Cool Guy
2007: Closing the Ring as Army Corporal
2008: The Chef's Letter as The Young Man
2009: House of Boys as Frank
2012: The Equestrian as Freddie Forester
2013: Babylon (TV series)
2015: Re-Kill as Tom Falkirk

Awards
For Dylan's Room:
"Best Short Film" Cambridge Film Festival 2012
"Best Short Drama" Isle of Wight Film Festival 2012
"Best Drama" Aesthetica Short Film Festival 2012
"Media Award" Tirana International Film Festival 2012
 "Special Mention" Leeds International Film Festival 2012
 "Highly Commended" Scottish Mental Health Arts and Film Festival 2012
 "Best Drama" The Van d'Or Independent Film Awards 2013
The film was also long-listed for Best UK Short by BAFTA in 2012.

For Happy Thoughts:

"Online Award" Tirana International Film Festival 2014
"Palmares Social Action - Experimental & Ficción" International Euro Film Festival 2014
"Best Editing" Grand OFF World Independent Film Awards 2015

For Shopping:

"Best Short Film" Ramsgate International Film & TV Festival (UK) 2017
"Best Short Film" East Coast Film Festival (UK) 2016
"Special Mention" Anon Film Festival (UK) 2016

References

External links
LittleCricketFilms.com

1983 births
Living people
Indiana State Road 234

State Road 234 exists in two sections in Indiana.  The western portion begins at the Illinois border from a Vermilion County, Illinois, county road.  It runs east from there to U.S. Route 136 (US 136) near Jamestown.  Much of the route is a scenic, two-lane road with very tight turns.
The primary access to Shades State Park is located along SR 234.

Its eastern portion goes from the U.S. Route 36/State Road 67 concurrency in McCordsville, Indiana.  The eastern terminus is at an intersection with State Road 38.

Route description

Western section 
From the western terminus SR 234 heads east towards Cayuga.  SR 234 passes through Cayuga and heads east towards Kingman.  East of Kingman SR 234 has an intersection with U.S. Route 41.  SR 234 heads east then southeast towards Ladoga, passing through intersections with State Road 341, State Road 47, and U.S. Route 231.  SR 234 heads east towards Jamestown, where SR 234 has a concurrency with State Road 75.  The concurrency end at the eastern terminus of the western section.

Eastern section 
From US 36/SR 67, SR 234 heads due east towards Kennard, passing through intersection with State Road 9 and State Road 109.  SR 234 heads north out of Kennard,  north of Kennard SR 234 turns east.  The eastern terminus is soon after at SR 38.

History 
A middle section of SR 234 existed in Indiana between SR 37 in Noblesville Indiana and SR 267 in Boone County Indiana. Its primary job was to provide cities and towns across the northern side of Greater Indianapolis with heavy commerce, but also served as a northern route between SR 37 and SR 267, however with the advent of modern interstates, then its designation was removed in the 1970s. Middle section of SR 234 started at SR 37 in Noblesville Indiana. It ran west along 146th Street, so as to utilize that bridge over White River, then turned south on River Road until it reached 116th Street. At that point, it turned west again and proceeded through Carmel, then Zionsville, and ended on SR 267. Because of its proximity to many places, then it supplied heavy commerce to areas such as; Noblesville, Fishers, Carmel, Homeplace, Zionsville, Whitestown and Fayette. Many locals still use the old route to avoid the traffic of heavy commerce.

Major intersections

References

External links

Indiana Highway Ends - SR 234

234
Transportation in Boone County, Indiana
Transportation in Hancock County, Indiana
Transportation in Fountain County, Indiana
Transportation in Henry County, Indiana
Transportation in Parke County, Indiana
Transportation in Montgomery County, Indiana
Transportation in Vermillion County, Indiana
Taotao

Taotao may refer to:

Austronesian cultures
 Taotao ("little human"), carved figures of anito spirits in the Philippines
 Taotao Mona, ancestor spirits in the Marianas Islands
 Taotao, the Chamorro language word for person or people (singular and/or plural)

Other
 Taotao (TV series), Japanese anime series
 Taotao (giant panda), a Giant Panda of Jinan Zoo
The Underground Man (novel)

The Underground Man (1997) is a novel by Mick Jackson. Critically acclaimed, it was shortlisted for the Booker Prize for that year. It shows the life of an eccentric and reclusive Victorian Duke, loosely modelled on William Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 5th Duke of Portland. His latest scheme involves building a set of tunnels beneath his estate.

In 2016 it was adapted for the stage by Nick Wood for Nottingham Playhouse.

References

External links 
 Official webpage
 Fantastic Fiction
 Interview on bookmunch
 Review on The Edge
 Review Summary on All Readers

1997 British novels
Picador (imprint) books
Webster University Utah

Webster University Utah is a branch of Webster University, an independent, accredited, non-profit, private university in St. Louis, Missouri. Its campus location is at Hill Air Force Base, comprising only one of Webster's many campuses around the world.

Webster opened its first Utah campus at Hill Air Force Base in 2000, and currently offers master's degree programs. Webster is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission and is a member of the North Central Association.

Designed to accommodate working schedules, classes meet one night a week from 5:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. With five nine-week terms per year, most master's degree can be completed in 15–30 months by taking one or two courses each term.

Recognitions

U.S. News & World Report consistently ranks Webster in the top tier of Midwestern universities in its category. In 2002 Webster was recognized for its outstanding contributions to military education by the Council of College and Military Educators. Money Magazine rated Webster as one of the ten best commuter colleges in the United States.

With the opening of the Shanghai campus in 1996, Webster University became the first American university approved by the Chinese government to offer the M.B.A. in China.  Webster is ranked as having one of the highest graduate business enrollments in the United States by AACSB International, the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.

External links
Webster University Utah Campuses website
Webster University

Private universities and colleges in Utah
Business schools in Utah
Universities and colleges in Utah County, Utah
Universities and colleges in Weber County, Utah
Webster University
Malidoma Patrice Somé

Malidoma Patrice Somé (1956–2021) was a writer and workshop leader, primarily in the field of spirituality. Born in a Dagara community in Dano, Burkina Faso, West Africa, he was raised by Jesuit priests from the age of four, pursued higher education in the West, and spent most of his adult life in the United States and Europe.

Background
At age four, Somé was removed from the Dagara community by his father, and taken to a Jesuit boarding school where he was provided with a Western education by the priests. Somé wrote that he endured sixteen years of physical and emotional abuse by the priests, and that he then left this school when he was twenty to return to the village of his birth.  Upon his return, integration into the traditional tribal religion and customs of the Dagara people was difficult, due to his long absence from his parents' culture, and his indoctrination into Christianity and a "white man's world". Elders from the village said that they believed Somé's ancestral spirit had withdrawn from his body and that he had already undergone a type of rite of passage into manhood in the white world. Despite this, they agreed to let him undergo a belated manhood rite with a younger group of males in the tribe. All males in the community undergo the manhood rite. Somé says that, having been raised outside of the culture and not speaking the language made the month-long, baor process, believed to unite soul and body, more dangerous for him than for the culturally-Dagara youths undergoing the rite.

Somé wrote that each person is born with a destiny, and he or she is given a name that reflects that destiny. Somé said his name, Malidoma, means "friend of the enemy/stranger." Somé wrote that he believed it was his destiny to come to Western audiences and promote an understanding between Western and African cultures.

After living in the US for about ten years, while completing a PhD at Brandeis University, Somé went back to Burkina Faso for an arranged marriage to Sobonfu Somé, a member of the Dagara tribe. They later divorced. Sobonfu Somé died in 2017.

Education
Somé held three master's degrees and two doctorates from the Sorbonne and Brandeis University.

Before his death, Somé conducted Kontomble initiation and divination retreats and other workshops in the US and Europe, and established a community on the East Coast of the United States.

Bibliography
 Ritual: Power, Healing and Community, Swan and Raven (1993). 
 Of Water and the Spirit: Ritual, Magic and Initiation in the Life of an African Shaman, Tarcher/Putnam (1994). 
 The Healing Wisdom of Africa, Tarcher/Putman (1999).

References

Further reading

External links
 Ancestral Wisdom Bridge Foundation: Somé's "Indigenous African Spirit Technologies" group
 Biography of Malidoma Patrice Somé, author of "Of Water and the Spirit", in Religious Traditions of Africa and the African Diaspora
 How to Be a Man: a video interview with Somé by elephant journal

1956 births
2021 deaths
Burkinabé writers
University of Paris alumni
Brandeis University alumni
University of Michigan faculty
People from Lane County, Oregon
Religion in the Pacific Northwest
Chiral knot

In the mathematical field of knot theory, a chiral knot is a knot that is not equivalent to its mirror image (when identical while reversed). An oriented knot that is equivalent to its mirror image is an amphicheiral knot, also called an achiral knot. The chirality of a knot is a knot invariant. A knot's chirality can be further classified depending on whether or not it is invertible.

There are only five knot symmetry types, indicated by chirality and invertibility: fully chiral, invertible, positively amphicheiral noninvertible, negatively amphicheiral noninvertible, and fully amphicheiral invertible.

Background
The possible chirality of certain knots was suspected since 1847 when Johann Listing asserted that the trefoil was chiral, and this was proven by Max Dehn in 1914. P. G. Tait found all amphicheiral knots up to 10 crossings and conjectured that all amphicheiral knots had even crossing number. Mary Gertrude Haseman found all 12-crossing and many 14-crossing amphicheiral knots in the late 1910s. But a counterexample to Tait's conjecture, a 15-crossing amphicheiral knot, was found by Jim Hoste, Morwen Thistlethwaite, and Jeff Weeks in 1998. However, Tait's conjecture was proven true for prime, alternating knots.

The simplest chiral knot is the trefoil knot, which was shown to be chiral by Max Dehn. All nontrivial torus knots are chiral. The Alexander polynomial cannot distinguish a knot from its mirror image, but the Jones polynomial can in some cases; if Vk(q) ≠ Vk(q−1), then the knot is chiral, however the converse is not true. The HOMFLY polynomial is even better at detecting chirality, but there is no known polynomial knot invariant that can fully detect chirality.

Invertible knot
A chiral knot that can be smoothly deformed to itself with the opposite orientation is classified as a invertible knot. Examples include the trefoil knot.

Fully chiral knot
If a knot is not equivalent to its inverse or its mirror image, it is a fully chiral knot, for example the 9 32 knot.

Amphicheiral knot

An amphicheiral knot is one which has an orientation-reversing self-homeomorphism of the 3-sphere, α, fixing the knot set-wise.  
All amphicheiral alternating knots have even crossing number. The first amphicheiral knot with odd crossing number is a 15-crossing knot discovered by Hoste et al.

Fully amphicheiral 
If a knot is isotopic to both its reverse and its mirror image, it is fully amphicheiral. The simplest knot with this property is the figure-eight knot.

Positive amphicheiral 
If the self-homeomorphism, α, preserves the orientation of the knot, it is said to be positive amphicheiral. This is equivalent to the knot being isotopic to its mirror.  No knots with crossing number smaller than twelve are positive amphicheiral and noninvertible .

Negative amphicheiral 

If the self-homeomorphism, α, reverses the orientation of the knot, it is said to be negative amphicheiral.  This is equivalent to the knot being isotopic to the reverse of its mirror image. The noninvertible knot with this property that has the fewest crossings is the knot 817.

References
Nova Scotian dollar

The dollar was the currency of Nova Scotia between 1860 and 1871. It replaced the Nova Scotian pound at a rate of 5 dollars = 1 pound (1 dollar = 4 shillings) and was consequently worth less than the Canadian dollar (worth 4s 1.3d). The Nova Scotian dollar was replaced by the Canadian dollar at a rate of 73 Canadian cents = 75 Nova Scotian cents, thus maintaining the difference between the two currencies established in 1860.

Coins

Between 1861 and 1864, bronze ½ and 1 cent coins were issued. These were the only coins issued for the Nova Scotian dollar. A half-cent coin was required because British six-pence coins in circulation were valued at 12½ Nova Scotian cents.

Banknotes
Between 1861 and 1866, the Provincial Government introduced Treasury notes for 5 dollars. In addition, three chartered banks issued paper money in Nova Scotia, the Bank of Nova Scotia, the Halifax Banking Company and the Merchants Bank of Halifax. The private banks all issued notes in a single denomination, 20 dollars. They later issued notes in Canadian dollars.

The Province of Canada issued notes dated 1866 overprinted with "Payable in Halifax / only". These were for circulation in Nova Scotia as local currency. Notes for 5 dollars were issued, worth $4.86 in Canadian currency.

References

External links
 

 

Currencies of Canada
Modern obsolete currencies
1860 establishments in Nova Scotia
1871 disestablishments in Canada
Economy of Nova Scotia
19th century in Nova Scotia
19th-century economic history
1860 establishments in Canada
International Federation of Employees in Public Service

The International Federation of Employees in Public Service (, INFEDOP) was an International Trade Federation of the World Confederation of Labour (WCL).

History
The federation was founded in November 1953, when the International Federation of Christian Post, Telegraph and Telephone Workers merged with the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions, at a meeting in Paris.  Initially named the International Federation of Christian Staff Unions, Utilities and Post, Telegraph and Telephone Workers, it adopted its final name in 1966.

In 1963, the federation founded a section for teachers' unions, which in 1974 split away as the independent World Confederation of Teachers.

By 1979, INFEDOP claimed that its affiliates had a total of 3,500,000 members.

Leadership

General Secretaries
Jacques Tessier
Jos Vandecruys
1980 : Jos De Ceulaer
1991: Bert Van Caelenberg

Presidents
Paul Seiler

Filip Wieers
Fritz Neugebauer

References

External links
www.cmt-wcl.org, detail from the WCL website.

 
Trade unions established in 1953
Cleostratus

Cleostratus (; b. c. 520 BC; d. possibly 432 BC) was an astronomer of ancient Greece. He was a native of Tenedos. He is believed by ancient historians to have introduced the zodiac (beginning with Aries and Sagittarius) and the solar calendar. According to J. Webb, Cleostratus took his ideas from the Babylonians.

There is little primary material to credit any person with the creation or design of the Zodiac. Historical research into this has shown translation issues and coincidences including the Tenedos connection with the Philosopher Thales. Historical writings also refer to Cleostratus as a means of establishing a tradition of authority of Greek accomplishments. Continuation of Babylonian cycles is considered not to be scientific progress as the Greeks improved the accuracy of their cycles, only  exercises in the art of combining days, months, and years, of which the relative mean durations had been learned from Babylon. The Greeks may have established a similar system, as other cultures had too, independently of the Babylonians. However, most agree that there can never be a definite answer for the argument concerning who established the first known system in the west.

Pliny the Elder in his Natural History mentioned the zodiacal circle and commented: "Anaximander the Milesian, in the 58th Olympiad, is said to have been the first who understood its obliquity, and thus opened the road to a correct knowledge of the subject. Afterwards Cleostratus made the signs in it, first marking those of Aries and Sagittarius; Atlas had formed the sphere long before this time." Pliny also was writing in a way similar to his contemporaries in that a sound argument had to be based on past knowledge or the accomplishments of past thinkers.

Censorinus (De Die Natali, c. 18) considers Cleostratus to have been the inventor of the octaeteris, or cycle of eight years. Cleostratus' name is associated with an eight-year intercalation cycle, to keep Greek civil calendars (lunar in nature) in line with the solar year, a cycle which was improved by Harpalus. The octaeteris was used before the Metonic cycle of 19 years, and was popularly attributed to Eudoxus. Theophrastus (de Sign. Pluv., p. 239, ed. Basil. 1541) mentions him as a meteorological observer along with  of Methymna and Phaeinus of Athens. Gaius Julius Hyginus (Poetica Astronomica, ii. 13) says that Cleostratus first pointed out the two stars in Auriga called Haedi.

The crater Cleostratus on the Moon is named after him.

References

  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology

520s BC births
432 BC deaths
People from Tenedos
5th-century BC Greek people
Ancient Greek astronomers
Black Jesus (song)

"Black Jesus" is a song by American artist Everlast. It was released in September 2000 as the lead single from his third album, Eat at Whitey's.

Content
The lyrics of the song are not about religion, as Everlast sings about how his career has had its ups and downs.

Track listing 
Black Jesus (Radio Edit) 4:20 
Children's Story - featuring Rahzel 3:20 
Graves To Dig 3:23 
Black Jesus (Album Version)

Music video
The video was directed by Jonas Åkerlund, and featured Everlast walking around the streets of London and the London Underground, passing very strange people, makes it to the top, and walks past clowns and little people. The video later ends when Everlast has made it to the top of a building. Two parts of the video were cut for TV, mainly the part where he is walking along the road and gets hit by car, and at the end of video where Everlast jumps off the top of the building.

Charts

References

2000 songs
2000 singles
Everlast (musician) songs
Panos

Panos may refer to:

People with the given name
Panos is the diminutive of Panagiotis (Panayiotis), a Christian name.

Panos Antsaklis, American engineer
Panos Aravantinos (1886–1930), Greek and German opera scenery and costume designer and decorator
Panos Armenakas (born 1998), American-born Australian footballer 
Panos Bardis (1924–1996), Greek American sociologist 
Panos Constantinou (born 1985), Cypriot footballer
Panos Cosmatos (born 1974), Italian-Canadian film director and screenwriter
Panos Gavalas (1926–1988), Greek singer
Panos Ioannides, Cypriot novelist and playwright
Panos Ioannou (1951–2005), Cypriot biologist and neuroscientist
Panos Ipeirotis (born 1976), Greek professor
Panos Kalaitzakis (born 1999), Greek basketball player
Panos Kallitsis (born 1974), Greek hairstylist and make-up artist
Panos Kammenos (born 1965), Greek politician
Panos Karan (born 1982), British classical pianist, conductor and composer of Greek origin
Panos Kiamos, Greek laiko–pop singer
Panos H. Koutras, Greek filmmaker, writer
Panos Michalopoulos (born 1949), Greek actor 
Panos Mourdoukoutas (born 1955), American economist 
Panos Mouzourakis (born 1979), Greek artist, singer, songwriter and actor
Panos Panay (born 1972), Cypriot entrepreneur, executive and author
Panos Panagiotopoulos (born 1957), Greek politician
Panos Papadopoulos (born 1958), Greek designer and entrepreneur
Panos Paparrigopoulos (1913–1985), Greek poet and writer
Panos Terlemezian (1865–1941), Ottoman Armenian / Soviet Armenian landscape and portrait painter
Panos Theodorou (born 1994), Cypriot footballer
Panos Valavanis (born 1954), Greek classical archaeologist

People with the middle name
Levon Panos Dabağyan (1933–2017), Turkish writer and researcher of Armenian descent

People with the surname

Panos
Greg Panos (born 1956), American writer, futurist, educator, strategic planning consultant, conference / event producer, and technology evangelist 
Joe Panos (born 1971), American football offensive lineman in the NFL
Mickaël Panos (born 1997), French footballer 
Steve Panos (born 1988), Greek-American basketball player
Toss Panos, Greek-American drummer
Vickie Panos (1920–1986), Canadian baseball player
Xenofon Panos (born 1989), Greek footballer

Paños
Javi Paños García-Villamil (born 1991), Spanish footballer
Sandra Paños, Spanish footballer

Others
 Panos (operating system), a computer operating system used by some products of Acorn Computers in the 1980s
 Panos Network, a network of independent non-governmental institutes involved in communication for development
 Panos Pictures, a photo agency based in London
 panos, the plural of pano, short for "panoramic photograph"

See also 
Paños, Chicano prison artwork in the U.S. southwest
William of the Principate

William of Hauteville ( 1027 – 1080) was one of the younger sons of Tancred of Hauteville by his second wife Fressenda. He is usually called Willermus instead of Wilelmus in Latin annals and so is often called Guillerm instead of Guillaume in French.

Life

William left Normandy around 1053 with his elder half-brother Geoffrey and full brother Mauger. He participated in the Battle of Civitate in the years of his arrival and was received cordially by his half-brother Humphrey, the reigning count of Apulia.

In 1055, he distinguished himself in the taking of the castle of San Nicandro (today San Licandro) close to Eboli, which formed the nucleus of his county of the Principato, with which he was invested by Humphrey in 1055. In 1058, he married Maria, the daughter of Guy, Duke of Sorrento and brother of Guaimar IV of Salerno. He inherited all Guy's lands in the principality of Salerno and fought with Guaimar's successor, Gisulf II, whose lands he ate away at until little was left but Salerno itself. He also inherited the Capitanate from Mauger, who died between 1054 and 1060. That last possession he gave to Geoffrey, out of fraternal love, Malaterra informs us.

He invited his landless youngest brother Roger to join him, promising him half of all he owned, save his wife and children. He aided Roger against their elder brother Robert Guiscard, who had succeeded Humphrey, and gave him the castle of Scalea, at Catanzaro. He fought against Robert later when Robert came to the aid of Gisulf in order to receive in marriage Gisulf's sister Sichelgaita. In 1067, the Council of Melfi excommunicated him, along with Turgis de Rota and Guimond de Moulins, for stealing property from the church of Alfano I, Archbishop of Salerno. Later that year, he travelled to Salerno to reconcile with Pope Alexander II.

According to some sources, he died in 1080, though others have him living into the twelfth century (to 1104, 1113, or 1117) and participating in the Guiscard's Byzantine campaigns and being present at the Battle of Durazzo, October 1081. He was buried in the church of the Santissima Trinità in Venosa.

Marriage and issue
In 1058, he married Maria, the daughter of Guy, Duke of Sorrento. They had three sons, among which:
 Richard of Salerno, participant in the First Crusade
 Robert of the Principate

References

Sources
Goffredo Malaterra. The Deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily and of Duke Robert Guiscard his brother.
Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016–1130. Longmans: London, 1967.
Ghisalberti, Albert (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: II Albicante – Ammannati. Rome, 1960.

1020s births
1080 deaths
Italo-Normans
Norman warriors
People temporarily excommunicated by the Catholic Church
Hauteville family
Burials at the Abbey of Santissima Trinità, Venosa
Lex specialis

The lex specialis doctrine, also referred to as generalia specialibus non derogant ("the general does not derogate from the specific"), states that if two laws govern the same factual situation, a law governing a specific subject matter (lex specialis) overrides a law governing only general matters (lex generalis). The doctrine, recognized in both  legal theory and practice, can apply in both domestic and international law contexts. The name comes from the full statement of the doctrine, a legal maxim in Latin: Lex specialis derogat legi generali.

The doctrine ordinarily comes into play with regard to the construction of earlier-enacted specific legislation when more general legislation is later passed. However, under the "lex posterior derogat legi priori" doctrine, lex specialis would be applied such that the younger specific law overrides the older general law.

It can be assumed that the legislators planned to override the previous legislation. There is also a view that conflicts of norms should be avoided by a systematic interpretation. The principle also applies to construction of a body of law or single piece of legislation that contains both specific and general provisions.

See also
 Statutory interpretation
 International law

References 

Brocards (law)
Latin legal terminology
Roman Catholic Diocese of Varaždin

The Diocese of Varaždin () is a Latin ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in northern Croatia. The diocese is centred in the city of Varaždin. It is a new diocese, having only been erected on July 5, 1997 from the Archdiocese of Zagreb. Bishop Marko Culej was the first to be head of the diocese. Bishop Bože Radoš is the current bishop of Varaždin.

The Church of the Assumption of Mary into Heaven was built in 1646 and was proclaimed a cathedral on September 28, 1997.

The diocese's patron saint is Saint Marko of Križevci.

Bishops
 Marko Culej (5 July 1997 – 19 August 2006)
 Josip Mrzljak (20 March 2007 – 1 August 2019)
 Bože Radoš (since 1 August 2019)

See also 

 Varaždin
 Varaždin county

References

External links 
Diocese of Varaždin 

Varazdin
Christian organizations established in 1997
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
1997 establishments in Croatia