alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
George Scales

George Louis Scales (August 16, 1900 - April 15, 1976), nicknamed "Tubby", was an American second baseman and manager in Negro league baseball, most notably with the New York Lincoln Giants and Baltimore Elite Giants. Born in Talladega, Alabama, he batted .319 over a 25-year career during which he played several positions. He also managed for twelve seasons in the Puerto Rican Winter League, winning six pennants, and led the Caribbean World Series champions in .

Buck Leonard claimed that George Scales was the best curveball hitter he ever saw.

At age 52, Scales received votes listing him on the 1952 Pittsburgh Courier player-voted poll of the Negro leagues' best players ever.

After retiring from baseball in 1958, he became a stockbroker. He died at age 75 in Compton, California.

Scales was among 39 final candidates considered for the Baseball Hall of Fame's Class of 2006 by the Committee on African-American Baseball, however he was not among the 17 elected.

On November 5, 2021, he was selected to the final ballot for the Baseball Hall of Fame's Early Days Committee for consideration in the Class of 2022. He received eight of the necessary twelve votes.

References

External links
 and Baseball-Reference Black Baseball stats and Seamheads
Negro League Baseball Museum

Philadelphia Stars players
Newark Stars players
People from Talladega, Alabama
Caribbean Series managers
Negro league baseball managers
1900 births
1976 deaths
20th-century African-American sportspeople
Baseball infielders
Saar mark

The Saar mark was a currency issued on 16 June 1947 by the French government for use in Saar. It was at par with the German Reichsmark, and composed of six denominations of banknotes, 1, 2, 5, 10, 50 and 100 mark. 
The aim of its introduction was to prepare an economic union of the Saar with France. In addition, the exchange enabled the French administration to get an overview of the total amount of capital available in the Saar region. It also served to prevent speculative capital transfers between the Saar and the rest of Germany in view of the introduction of the franc.

However, the Saar mark notes were soon replaced following the integration of the Saar into the French currency area. The Saar franc was the currency of the Saar Protectorate and, later, the state of Saarland in the Federal Republic of Germany between 20 November 1947 and 6 July 1959. It was valued at par with the French franc, and French coins and banknotes circulated alongside local issues.

History 
The French Government issued on 5 June 1947 a decree creating an economic mission under the authority of the Military Governor whose task was to manage economic problems in Saarland. The Saar Mark began circulating on 16 June.

The end of the Saar mark and its replacement by the French franc was enterined by a law of the French Parliament on 15 November 1947.

References

General references 
 Die SAAR-MARK-Scheine (In German)

Notes

External links 
 
 Images of Saar mark notes

Modern obsolete currencies
Currencies of Germany
History of the Saar Protectorate
Currencies introduced in 1947
1947 disestablishments
1940s economic history
1947 in France
1947 in Germany
Margavar Rural District

Margavar Rural District () is in Silvaneh District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

At the National Census of 2006, its population was 34,862 in 6,012 households. There were 37,170 inhabitants in 8,364 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 40,174 in 9,602 households. The largest of its 54 villages was Dizaj, with 4,907 people.

According to Harry P. Packard of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, the districts of Targawar, Mergawar, and Dasht were destroyed by Turks and Kurds during the Assyrian genocide in events that gave rise to the Assyrian independence movement. Few Assyrians remain in Margavar and the district is mostly populated by Kurds.

See also 

 Emirate of Bradost

References 

Urmia County

Rural Districts of West Azerbaijan Province

Populated places in Urmia County

Places of the Assyrian genocide

Kurdish settlements in West Azerbaijan Province
Jutphaas

Jutphaas is a former village and municipality in the province of Utrecht in the Netherlands. The municipality merged with Vreeswijk in 1971, and is now the northern half of the town of Nieuwegein.

The former village was located on the Merwedekanaal, and some of the buildings can still be found there, surrounded by the suburbs of Nieuwegein.

External links 

Former populated places in the Netherlands
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
Former municipalities of Utrecht (province)
Nieuwegein
Targavar Rural District

Targavar Rural District () is in Silvaneh District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

At the National Census of 2006, its population was 7,893 in 1,344 households. There were 7,765 inhabitants in 1,603 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 8,381 in 1,862 households. The largest of its 39 villages was Mavana, with 1,314 people.

The district was home to a significant Assyrian population before the Assyrian genocide, but is mostly populated by Herki Kurds today.

See also 

 Emirate of Bradost
 Assyrian genocide
 List of Assyrian settlements
 Assyrian homeland
 Margawar

References 

Urmia County

Rural Districts of West Azerbaijan Province

Populated places in Urmia County

Places of the Assyrian genocide

Kurdish settlements in West Azerbaijan Province
Thomas Clark Street

Thomas Clark Street (1814 – September 6, 1872) was a lawyer, businessman and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada who represented Welland from 1867 to 1872.

He was born at Chippawa in 1814, the son of Samuel Street Jr. He studied law with Christopher Hagerman and William Henry Draper and was called to the bar in 1838. When his father died in 1844, Street took over his business interests. In 1851, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada representing Welland; he was defeated in 1854 and 1857, then reelected in 1861 and 1863. He served as a lieutenant-colonel in the local militia.

He served as president of the Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge Company and the Gore Bank. He also was a director of the Canadian Bank of Commerce and the Bank of Upper Canada.

He died at Chippawa in 1872, after being re-elected for a second term by acclamation.

External links 
 
 

1814 births
1872 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada West
Vreeswijk

Vreeswijk is a former village and municipality in the Dutch province of Utrecht. The municipality merged with Jutphaas in 1971, and is now the southern half of the town of Nieuwegein. The former village was located on the Lek River, near where it is crossed by the Merwede Canal.

Name 
The name Vreeswijk is documented in an 11th-century text as Fresionovvic ('Fresion wic'). Other medieval spellings are Vresewijk, Vresewike, Vrieswijc, and Vreeswijck. The place name is combination of Fresia meaning 'Frisian' and wic meaning 'farmstead or settlement', thus settlement of Frisians.

History 
The old village centre on the locks has been preserved reasonably well. This lock is said to be the oldest example of a pound lock in Europe. 
This was the key innovation which gave rise to the modern canal, by virtue of having two gates,
although it was a larger basin capable of holding a number of ships at once. The Lek River was normally at a slightly higher level than the canal leading to Utrecht and in times of flood was very much higher, so that it would not be possible to let boats enter or leave without flooding the surrounding land. The additional gate limited the amount of water that needed to be let in, so that only the basin needed to be raised.

See also 

 Fresvik, Norway
 Freswick, Scotland
 Friezenwijk (Heukelum), the Netherlands

References

Former populated places in the Netherlands
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
Former municipalities of Utrecht (province)
Nieuwegein
Samiullah

Samiul

() is an Afghan male given name, meaning listening to God. it may refer to

Samiullah (Afghan cricketer), Afghan cricketer
Samiullah (Pakistani cricketer), Pakistani cricketer
Samiullah Khan (field hockey) (born 1951), Pakistani hockey player
Samiullah Khan (cricketer), in full Samiullah Khan Niazi (born 1982), Pakistani cricketer
Samiullah Shinwari (born 1987), Afghan cricketer
Samiullah Jalatzai, Afghan detained in Bagram
Samiollah Hosseini Makarem, Iranian Politician

Arabic-language masculine given names
Masculine given names
Hot dog stand

A hot dog stand is a business that sells hot dogs, usually from an external counter.  Hot dog stands can be located on a public thoroughfare, near a sports stadium, in a shopping mall, or at a fair.  They are often found on the streets of major American cities. According to one report, some hot dog stands are paying up to $80,000 in rent for prime locations in Manhattan.

Similar businesses include hot dog carts or wagons, which are portable hand carts with a grill or boiler for cooking the hot dogs and keeping them hot.  In the United States, hot dog carts are also referred to as hot dog stands.  However, a hot dog stand is typically a permanent or semi-permanent structure, whereas a hot dog cart is movable.  Similarly, hot dog trucks are motor vehicles that are set up at a roadside location, and often include a complete kitchen for storage and preparation. 
	
In Denmark, hot dog stands are called Pølsevogn (sausage wagons). They serve traditional hot dogs as well as assorted sausages and sausage meats.
	
In Toronto, the hot dogs from hot dog stands are often called "street meat".

Windows 3.1 included a red and yellow desktop colour setting titled "Hot Dog Stand".

Notable stands 
	
Art's Famous Chili Dog Stand, Los Angeles, CA
Bæjarins Beztu Pylsur, Reykjavík, Iceland
Ben's Chili Bowl, Washington, DC
Coney Island Colorado, Bailey, CO
Dog n Suds, Grayslake, IL
Essie's Original Hot Dog Shop, Pittsburgh, PA
Gene & Jude's, River Grove, IL
Gray's Papaya, Manhattan, NY
Hillbilly Hot Dogs, Huntington, WV
Hot Dog on a Stick, Santa Monica, CA
Nathan's Famous, Coney Island, NY
Papaya King, Manhattan, NY
Rutt's Hut, Clifton, NJ
Superdawg, Chicago, IL
Tail o' the Pup, Los Angeles, CA
The Varsity, Atlanta, GA
Walkin' Dog, Minneapolis, MN
Walter's Hot Dog Stand, Mamaroneck, NY
Weenie Beenie, Arlington, VA
The Wieners Circle, Chicago, IL

Image gallery

See also

 Hot dog cart
 Hot dog variations
 List of hot dog restaurants
 Taco stand

References

 
Street food
The Amalgamation Polka

The Amalgamation Polka (2006) is the fourth novel by the writer Stephen Wright. It is set during the time of the American Civil War. The plot concerns the story of Liberty Fish and his travels after joining the Union army. The title refers to a 19th-century lithograph showing a social gathering in which the participants, unusually for the time, are both white and black. It is captioned “This blending of the two races (Caucasian and African) by amalgamation is just what is needed for the perfection of both.”

Liberty Fish is the son of two passionate abolitionists but whose grandparents were cruel slave-owners. The plot follows him from his birth to young adulthood, his enlistment in the Union army, and his quest to find his grandparents who he blames for the despair his mother feels. The tone has hints of dark humor and at times can be heavily surreal.

The Los Angeles Times gave the novel a positive review; critic Mark Rozzo noted: “The effect here is of Wright’s harnessing the supersaturated prose of the period—the stuff that Edmund Wilson once derisively called 'coagulated'—to a modern, post-Vietnam sensibility accustomed to flying body parts…. In these battle scenes, we feel as if we’ve stumbled across the infernal manuscripts of a long-lost literary talent, as if the scary ellipses of The Red Badge of Courage were being filled in by a chronicler as ravenous for bodily data—in this case, Minie balls thunking into men, frothing chest wounds—as Whitman.” The New York Times compared the story to the obvious Heart of Darkness, but also said, "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is a better bet (on the plot). Most of the people Liberty meets (and not just in the South) are what the Cheshire Cat would call 'mad,' from a shaggy hermit to the Georgia farmer who secedes from the Confederacy by reclaiming his little plot of land in the name of the Union."

References

External links 
Random House summary

2006 American novels
Novels set during the American Civil War
American historical novels
Alfred A. Knopf books
Polymer brush

A polymer brush is the name given to a surface coating consisting of polymers tethered to a surface. The brush may be either in a solvated state, where the tethered polymer layer consists of polymer and solvent, or in a melt state, where the tethered chains completely fill up the space available. These polymer layers can be tethered to flat substrates such as silicon wafers, or highly curved substrates such as nanoparticles. Also, polymers can be tethered in high density to another single polymer chain, although this arrangement is normally named a bottle brush. Additionally, there is a separate class of polyelectrolyte brushes, when the polymer chains themselves carry an electrostatic charge.

The brushes are often characterized by the high density of grafted chains. The limited space then leads to a strong extension of the chains. Brushes can be used to stabilize colloids, reduce friction between surfaces, and to provide lubrication in artificial joints.

Polymer brushes have been modeled with Molecular Dynamics, Monte Carlo methods, Brownian dynamics simulations, and molecular theories.

Structure 

Polymer molecules within a brush are stretched away from the attachment surface as a result of the fact that they repel each other (steric repulsion or osmotic pressure). More precisely, they are more elongated near the attachment point and unstretched at the free end, as depicted on the drawing.

More precisely, within the approximation derived by Milner, Witten, Cates, the average density of all monomers in a given chain is always the same up to a prefactor:

where  is the altitude of the end monomer and  the number of monomers per chain.

The averaged density profile  of the end monomers of all attached chains, convoluted with the above density profile for one chain, determines the density profile of the brush as a whole:

A dry brush has a uniform monomer density up to some altitude . One can show that the corresponding end monomer density profile is given by:

where  is the monomer size.

The above monomer density profile  for one single chain minimizes the total elastic energy of the brush,

regardless of the end monomer density profile , as shown in.

From a dry brush to any brush 

As a consequence, the structure of any brush can be derived from the brush density profile . Indeed, the free end distribution is simply a convolution of the density profile with the free end distribution of a dry brush:

.

Correspondingly, the brush elastic free energy is given by:

.

This method has been used to derive wetting properties of polymer melts on polymer brushes of the same species and to understand fine interpenetration asymmetries between copolymer lamellae that may yield very unusual non-centrosymmetric lamellar structures.

Applications 
Polymer brushes can be used in Area-selective deposition. Area-selective deposition is a promising technique for positional self-alignment of materials at a prepatterned surface.

See also
 Dendronized polymer

References 

Surface science
Soft matter
Polymer chemistry
Oleiros, Portugal

Oleiros () is a municipality in the district of Castelo Branco in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,721, in an area of 471.09 km2. The present mayor is José Santos Marques, elected by the Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is the Monday after the 2nd Sunday of August.

Economy

Built in 2006, a wind farm (Pinhal Interior Wind Farm) operates in Oleiros, comprising a 54 MW power generation capacity.

Population

Oleiros has a total population of 5,271 in 2011.

Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 10 civil parishes (freguesias):

 Álvaro
 Amieira - Oleiros
 Cambas
 Estreito - Vilar Barroco
 Isna
 Madeirã
 Mosteiro
 Orvalho
 Sarnadas de São Simão
 Sobral

Notable people 
 Father António de Andrade (1580 – 1634) a Jesuit priest and explorer; a missionary in India, 1600–1634; the first known European to cross the Himalayas and reach Tibet.

References

External links
 Vestas receives another order for V90-3.0 MW wind turbines in Portugal

 
Municipalities of Castelo Branco District
Soul to Soul

Soul to Soul may refer to:

Film and TV
 Soul to Soul (film), a 1971 concert by African-American artists in Ghana and a documentary film of the concert

Music
Soul to Soul (soundtrack), a 1971 live album by various artists from the accompanying film
Soul to Soul (album), a 1985 album by American blues guitarist Stevie Ray Vaughan
 Soul II Soul, a British dance band popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s
 Soul2Soul Tour (2000) or Soul2Soul II Tour (2006–07), co-headlining tours by country music singers Tim McGraw and Faith Hill

Songs
 "Soul to Soul", a song by Another Pretty Face	1981
 "Soul to Soul", a song by Boz Scaggs	1988
 "Soul to Soul", a song by The Cockroaches	1990
 "Soul to Soul", a song by Michael Zager 1978
 "Soul to Soul", a song by The Temptations	1990
 "Soul to Soul", a song by Krokus from To Rock or Not to Be

Organizations
 Nefesh B'Nefesh (Hebrew for "Soul to Soul"), a Zionist organization
Maryland Route 267

Maryland Route 267 (MD 267) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs  through Charlestown between two intersections with MD 7 in southwestern Cecil County. MD 267, which follows the path of the Old Post Road between Baltimore and Philadelphia, was constructed as a modern highway along that main line in 1915. The highway was bypassed by what is now MD 7 in 1921 to avoid a pair of dangerous bridges across what is now Amtrak's Northeast Corridor railroad line. Those two bridges and adjacent sections of MD 267 were replaced west and east of Charlestown in the mid-1960s and mid-1970s, respectively.

Route description

MD 267 begins at an intersection with MD 7 (Philadelphia Road) west of Charlestown. The state highway heads east as two-lane undivided Baltimore Street, which immediately crosses over Amtrak's Northeast Corridor railroad line and enters the town of Charlestown. After intersecting Carpenters Point Road, MD 267 enters the Charlestown Historic District. After passing south of Charlestown Elementary School, the state highway turns north onto Cecil Street and crosses Red Rum Run. The state highway becomes Market Street after making a right-angle turn to the east and passes the Indian Queen Tavern and Black's Store, then turns north again onto Bladen Street. After crossing Peddlers Run Creek, leaving the historic district, and leaving the town limits, MD 267 crosses over the railroad tracks again and reaches its eastern terminus at MD 7 east of Charlestown.

History
MD 267 traces the path of the Old Post Road between Baltimore and Philadelphia blazed during the 18th century, during which Charlestown was the county seat of Cecil County. The Post Road from Perryville to Elkton was part of the state road system proposed by the State Roads Commission in 1909. The highway through Charlestown was constructed as a  macadam road in 1915. The highway through Charlestown was bypassed when the Charlestown Cut-Off (later U.S. Route 40, now MD 7) was constructed in 1921, eliminating two dangerous bridges across the Pennsylvania Railroad (now Amtrak) from the course of the main highway. The western bridge, named Weber's Bridge or Weavers Bridge, crossed over the railroad perpendicularly east of the current crossing and featured a sharp curve on the south side of the tracks and an intersection with MD 7 immediately to the north. This bridge was reconstructed in 1951. The eastern bridge, named Heisler's Bridge, also crossed the railroad perpendicularly east of the current crossing and had a right-angle turn immediately to the south of the crossing near Clearview Avenue. MD 267 was relocated and Weber's Bridge was replaced in 1966 and 1967. The bypassed piece of highway became MD 913. Heisler's Bridge was replaced and the adjacent state highway relocated between 1973 and 1975. A portion of the bypassed highway east of Charlestown was conveyed from the state to the adjacent property owners in 1974.

Junction list

See also

References

External links

MDRoads: MD 267
MD 267 at AARoads.com
Maryland Roads - MD 267

267
Maryland Route 267
Chicama

Chicama is a town in Northern Peru, capital of the district of Chicama of Ascope Province in the region La Libertad. This town is located beside the Pan-American Highway some 33 km north of Trujillo city in the agricultural Chicama Valley.

See also
Ascope Province
Puerto Chicama
Chavimochic
Virú Valley
Virú
Valley of Moche
 Huanchaco

References

See also 
Chicama Waves

External links 
Location of Chicama

Populated places in La Libertad Region
Speed bump (disambiguation)

A speed bump is a bump on a road designed to slow traffic.

Speed bump may also refer to:

 Speed Bump, a comic strip by Dave Coverly
 A skin rash that may result from injecting methamphetamine
 A type of task assigned to teams on the reality TV series The Amazing Race
Up a Road Slowly

Up a Road Slowly is a 1966 coming-of-age novel by American writer Irene Hunt, which won the Newbery Medal for excellence in American children's literature. This book is about a young child named Julie who grows from 7 to 17 years old with her aunt Cordelia and uncle Haskell in the country.

Plot summary
When seven-year-old Julie's mother dies, she is sent to live with her Aunt Cordelia, an unmarried schoolteacher who lives in a large house several miles outside town. Her uncle Haskell lives in a converted carriage house behind the main house. Haskell is an alcoholic who, like his niece, aspires to be a writer (although he never produces a manuscript). Julie's brother Chris goes to boarding school, leaving her alone with Aunt Cordelia. 

At first, grief-stricken Julie finds Aunt Cordelia stern and strict, but as she grows to young adulthood she comes to love her and to see her house as home. She becomes so attached to her that even when she has the chance to move back with her father, who remarries, she declines.

The story follows Julie from the age of seven to seventeen, from elementary school through her high-school graduation, and documents the ordinary events in a child's life: the cruelty of children, jealousy, schoolwork trouble, and first love. Julie also encounters problems in the lives of the adults around her, including alcoholism and mental illness (dementia).

Reception
Kirkus Reviews said of Up a Road Slowly: "The author is adept at distinguishing the genuine from the spurious: Julie is a genuine character, and girls who go up the road with her will share in her growing up." In a retrospective essay about the Newbery Medal-winning books from 1966 to 1975, children's author John Rowe Townsend wrote, "Though not without faults, Julie seems at last just a little too good to be true, and so does the adult world in which she has won her place. That it is not our world is evident, and is not a just cause for complaint; but was the world ever quite like that?"

References

1966 American novels
1966 children's books
American children's novels
Newbery Medal–winning works
Novels about orphans
William Abraham (Irish politician)

William Abraham (1840 – 2 August 1915) was an Irish Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of Commons. He was born in Limerick.

Although a Protestant in religion (a Congregationalist), he became active in Irish Nationalist politics. He was involved in the Irish Land League in 1881 and was at one stage imprisoned as a political suspect. He served as Chairman of Limerick Board of Guardians (who administered the Poor Law in their district) 1882–1883 and 1885–1886.

Abraham represented three constituencies at Westminster. He was elected unopposed as MP for West Limerick at the 1885 general election as a Nationalist supporter of the Irish Parliamentary Party, and served until he retired in 1892. In December 1890, he was the proposer of the vote of no confidence in Charles Stewart Parnell as leader in Committee Room 15, and he joined the Anti-Parnellite Irish National Federation. In 1893, he was elected unopposed as an Anti-Parnellite Nationalist at a by-election for North-East Cork, succeeding Michael Davitt, and sat until he was defeated in the January 1910 general election by the dissident Nationalist William O'Brien, by the wide margin of 2,984 votes to 1,510. He was unopposed at the by-election for Dublin Harbour in June 1910, and won comfortably against an O'Brienite Nationalist in the same seat in the general election of December 1910. He represented Dublin Harbour until his death in 1915.

According to the Irish Independent, he was assiduous in his duties at Westminster, and spoke at one time or another in every constituency in Great Britain, including Orkney and Shetland. He was a Treasurer of his party, and a prominent member of the Public Accounts Committee of the House of Commons. However, in Maume's view, his age and lack of local contacts made him ineffective in his final role as a Dublin MP.

References

Sources
 Irish Independent, 3 August 1915
 
  Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, Vol. II 1886-1918, edited by M. Stenton & S. Lees (The Harvester Press 1978)
 
 Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland 1801-1922, edited by Brian M. Walker (Dublin, Royal Irish Academy 1978)

External links 
 

1840 births
1915 deaths
Anti-Parnellite MPs
Irish Congregationalists
Irish Parliamentary Party MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Limerick constituencies (1801–1922)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Cork constituencies (1801–1922)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Dublin constituencies (1801–1922)
Politicians from Limerick (city)
UK MPs 1885–1886
UK MPs 1886–1892
UK MPs 1892–1895
UK MPs 1895–1900
UK MPs 1900–1906
UK MPs 1906–1910
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918
1894 in Australia

The following lists events that happened during 1894 in Australia.

Incumbents

Premiers
Premier of New South Wales - George Dibbs (until 2 August) then George Reid
Premier of South Australia - Charles Kingston
Premier of Queensland - Hugh Nelson
Premier of Tasmania - Henry Dobson (until 14 April) then Edward Braddon
Premier of Western Australia - John Forrest
Premier of Victoria - James Patterson (until 27 September) then George Turner

Governors
Governor of New South Wales – Robert Duff 
Governor of Queensland – Henry Wylie Norman 
Governor of South Australia – Algernon Keith-Falconer, 9th Earl of Kintore 
Governor of Tasmania – Jenico Preston, 14th Viscount Gormanston
Governor of Victoria – John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow 
Governor of Western Australia – William C. F. Robinson

Events
 January - A cyclone hits the north west of Western Australia, killing approximately 50 persons
 28 June - A Colonial Conference, held in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, resolves to lay a telegraph cable between Canada and Australia.
 22 October - Martha Needle is hanged in Melbourne Gaol for the poisoning of her husband, and three children, in an attempt to obtain money from insurance policies.
 10 November - Jandamarra, an Indigenous Australian of the Bunuba people, leads one of the few armed insurrections against Europeans.
 18 December - South Australia is the first colony to legislate women equal franchise with men, taking effect in 1895.
 The Australian Workers' Union is formed from the joining of the Amalgamated Shearers' Union of Australasia and the General Labourers' Union.

Arts and literature

 The novel Seven Little Australians is published by Ethel Turner

Sport
 Patron wins the Melbourne Cup
 South Australia wins the Sheffield Shield

Births
 23 February – Harold Horder (died 1978), rugby league footballer
 13 April – Arthur Fadden (died 1973), Prime Minister of Australia
 30 April – H.V. Evatt (died 1965), politician
 14 August – Frank Burge (died 1958), rugby league footballer
 25 August – Nick Winter (died 1955), athlete
 20 December – Robert Menzies (died 1978), Prime Minister of Australia

Deaths
 17 February - John Alexander MacPherson (born 1833), Premier of Victoria

References

 
Australia
Years of the 19th century in Australia
Opération Nez rouge

Opération Nez rouge (literally, "Operation Red Nose"), founded in 1984, is an escorting service offered in Quebec and several francophone countries, as well as other places in Canada using both the French name and Operation Red Nose during the Christmas holiday season.

Description
The escorting service is offered to anyone who does not feel capable of driving due to alcohol consumption, fatigue, or any reason. Although it is a free service, donations are accepted.

Each year during the holiday season, an advertising campaign reminds the public to use the service if necessary.

When needing a ride, the client first calls the organization. The client must have his/her own car—it is not a taxi service. An escort team of three volunteers arrives. One volunteer, the 'escort driver', uses his or her own car to drive the other two volunteers to the client's location. The 'designated driver' volunteer then drives the client home in the client's own car. The third volunteer is the 'navigator', and drives with the designated driver and client, collecting any donation that the client should want to make, giving the client a receipt, and making conversation with the client so the client does not bother the driver. When the ride is over, the escort driver picks up the designated driver and the navigator.

Originally donations went to the swimming team of Université Laval, but the organization became so successful that today donations go to 150 organizations. The costs of Operation Nez Rouge are covered by sponsors (such as insurance companies.)

History
Operation Nez Rouge was started in 1984 in Quebec City by Jean-Marie De Koninck, who had two goals. He wanted to finance Université Laval's swimming team and he wanted to do something to fight driving under the influence. He knew that drivers leaving bars refused taxis to bring them home when intoxicated, not because of the cost, but because they wanted to have their own cars the next day. Thus came the idea to simply offer an escorting service.

The service was used 1,205,894 times between 1984 and 2004.

The service was the setting of the 2003 romantic comedy film Red Nose (Nez rouge). In 2020, the only regions in Switzerland that are not served are Basel, Engadin and Upper Valais. In 2021, the total number of people transported since 1990 is 493,000.

References

External links
Official Site in Canada
Official Site in Switzerland 

Organizations based in Quebec
Driving under the influence
Robert Hendrickson

Robert Hendrickson may refer to:

Robert Hendrickson (director) (1944–2016), film director
Robert C. Hendrickson (1898–1964), U.S. Senator from New Jersey
 Robert Hendrickson, Rector, St Philip's in the Hills Episcopal Church, Tucson, Arizona
Mansions of the Lord

"Mansions of the Lord" is a hymn written by Randall Wallace and set to the music of Nick Glennie-Smith. There is a German version called .

Performances 

"Mansions" was originally written for the 2002 film We Were Soldiers, and was performed by the United States Military Academy Glee Club and the Metro Voices.

The hymn also served as the recessional in the 2004 funeral of President Ronald Reagan. That rendition was sung by the Armed Forces Chorus with the United States Marine Chamber Orchestra.

The hymn is featured on the CD of the same name by the Morriston Orpheus Choir from Wales.

Lyrics 
To fallen soldiers let us sing
Where no rockets fly nor bullets wing
Our broken brothers let us bring
To the Mansions of the Lord

No more bleeding, no more fight
No prayers pleading through the night
Just divine embrace, Eternal light
In the Mansions of the Lord

Where no mothers cry and no children weep
We will stand and guard though the angels sleep
All through the ages safely keep
The Mansions of the Lord

German lyrics

References
 Reagan Services's 'Mansions of the Lord' — National Public Radio, June 14, 2004. With lyrics and audio.

American Christian hymns
Carl Banks

Carl E. Banks (born August 29, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played from 1984 to 1995 for the New York Giants, the Washington Redskins and the Cleveland Browns. He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans.

Career
Banks played high school football at Beecher High School, graduating in 1980. He was drafted by the New York Giants in the first round of the 1984 NFL Draft with the third overall pick. He made the Pro Bowl in 1987, had 39.5 career quarterback sacks, and was a member of the NFL's 1980's All-Decade Team. He played college football at Michigan State University and was the third overall pick in the 1984 NFL Draft. He was a member of the Giants teams that won Super Bowls XXI and XXV as well as a key part of the Big Blue Wrecking Crew. Banks was a standout in their Super Bowl XXI victory in which he recorded 14 total tackles, including ten solo tackles. In 1993, Banks entered a three-year contract to play for the Washington Redskins. He was released from the Redskins after the 1993 season and spent his final two years with the Cleveland Browns before retiring after the 1995 season.

Post-football career
After retiring from the NFL, Banks was a part-owner of the Arena Football League's New Jersey Red Dogs, along with ex-Giants Joe Morris and Harry Carson. He was Director of Player Development for the New York Jets in 1997. Currently, Banks can be heard as one of the voices of Sirius NFL Radio and WFAN. Starting in 2007, he became an analyst for the radio broadcasts of the New York Giants.

See also
 History of the New York Giants (1979–93)

References

External links

1962 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
American football linebackers
Arena Football League executives
Cleveland Browns players
Michigan State Spartans football players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
National Football League announcers
New York Giants announcers
New York Giants players
People from Watchung, New Jersey
Players of American football from Flint, Michigan
Players of American football from Somerset County, New Jersey
Washington Redskins players
WFAN people
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
Mount Biscoe

Mount Biscoe is a distinctive black peak, the easternmost and largest of two ice-free rock massifs located 6 km south-west of Cape Ann on the coast of Enderby Land in Antarctica. About 700 m in height, it lies 7 km north-west of Wordie Nunatak, and 7 km north-east of Mount Hurley.

Discovery and naming
The mountain was seen from the Discovery by the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (1929-31) and named by Sir Douglas Mawson on 13 March 1931, after explorer John Biscoe who is thought to have discovered the feature a century earlier and called it Cape Ann after his wife. Mawson applied the name Cape Ann to the nearby headland. The mountain's position was fixed by an ANARE survey party in 1957.

Important Bird Area
A 361 ha site covering the beaches, and extending up the lower slopes of the mountain to an altitude of 200 m, has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports about 29,000 breeding pairs of Adélie penguins, based on 2011 satellite imagery. Thousands of Antarctic petrels breed on the slopes above the Adélie colony.

References

Important Bird Areas of Antarctica
Penguin colonies
Mountains of Enderby Land
Champions Cup

Champions Cup may refer to one of many sports competitions:

Association football
A3 Champions Cup, an annual association football, competition involving the league champions of China, Japan and South Korea
Brazilian Champions Cup or Copa dos Campeões, an annual association football competition played in Brazil
CONCACAF Champions Cup, an annual international soccer competition held in the CONCACAF region (North America, Central America and the Caribbean)
Gulf Club Champions Cup, an annual association football, competition for clubs in the Persian Gulf
JFF Champions Cup, the top knockout association football, tournament of Jamaica
Outremer Champions Cup, an annual association football, competition played in France
UEFA Champions League, formerly known as the "European Champions Cup", an association football club tournament in Europe
Champions Youth Cup, the first edition of an annual football tournament
Champions Cup (India), the first edition of an annual international football tournament in India
Champions Cup (All-Ireland), an all-Ireland competition between the league champions of both associations on the island of Ireland
International Champions Cup, an annual club association football exhibition competition

Bandy
 FIB Champions Cup, an annual international bandy tournament

Basketball
 FIBA European Champions' Cup, now known as EuroLeague

Cricket
Champions Cup 2000–01, a limited overs cricket tournament played from 29 March 2001 to 4 April 2001 in Perth, Australia

Curling
Champions Cup (curling), a men's and women's Grand Slam of Curling event

Field hockey
EuroHockey Club Champions Cup, a field hockey competition for clubs in Europe

Floorball
Champions Cup (floorball), a floorball competition for the clubs from top four ranked floorball countries

Horse racing
Champions Cup (horse race), a prestigious Thoroughbred horse race in Japan, formerly known as the Japan Cup Dirt

Ice hockey
IIHF European Champions Cup, a former annual ice hockey tournament between the champions of national International Ice Hockey Federation competitions
Champions Cup (ice hockey), the former name of the trophy for the post-season champion of the All American Hockey League

Inline hockey
Champions Cup (inline hockey), the trophy awarded to the playoff winners of the American Inline Hockey League's Elite Division

Lacrosse
Champion's Cup, the trophy awarded to the playoff winners in the National Lacrosse League from 1998 to 2017

Rugby union
European Rugby Champions Cup, top-level European club competition
NSCRO Champions Cup, a college rugby championship in the United States

Snooker
Champions Cup (snooker), a professional snooker tournament

Volleyball
Volleyball Grand Champions Cup, one of many indoor volleyball world titles

Sailing
EUROSAF Champions Sailing Cup, series of sailing regattas in Europe

See also
Champions League (disambiguation) 
Championship Cup
Jakob Jóhann Sveinsson

Jakob Jóhann Sveinsson (born 24 November 1982 in Reykjavík, Iceland) is a 4-time Olympic swimmer from Iceland who started swimming for S.C. Ægir in 1991. He swam for Iceland at the 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.

At the 2000 Olympics, he swam to Iceland's high-ever result in Olympic swimming in finishing 25th.

At the 2009 World Championships he swam to new national records in all 3 breaststroke events: 50 (28.03), 100 (1:01.31) and 200 (2:12.39).

References

1982 births
Living people
Jakob Johann Sveinsson
Jakob Johann Sveinsson
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Jakob Johann Sveinsson
Svetly

Svetly (masculine), Svetlaya (feminine), or Svetloye (neuter) may refer to:

Svetly Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Settlement of Svetly in Mirninsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia is incorporated as
Svetloye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the urban-type settlement of Svetlaya in Terneysky District of Primorsky Krai, Russia is incorporated as
Svetly (inhabited locality), several inhabited localities in Russia
Svetlîi (Svetly), a commune in Gagauzia, Moldova

See also
Sonic the Hedgehog (disambiguation)

Sonic the Hedgehog is a media franchise created by Sega.

Sonic the Hedgehog may also refer to:

Sonic the Hedgehog (character), the title character and main protagonist of the franchise

Video games

 Sonic the Hedgehog (1991 video game), a 1991 platform video game for the Sega Genesis (Mega Drive)
 Sonic the Hedgehog (8-bit video game), a 1991 platform video game for the Sega Master System and Game Gear
 Sonic the Hedgehog (2006 video game), a 2006 platform video game developed by Sonic Team for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3

Printed media

 Sonic the Hedgehog (Archie Comics), comic book series published in the United States by Archie Comics
 Sonic the Hedgehog (IDW Publishing), comic book series published in the United States by IDW Publishing

Film and television
 Sonic the Hedgehog (TV series), a 1993 Italian-American animated television series
 Sonic the Hedgehog (OVA), a 1996 Japanese original video animation series
 Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, a 1993 American animated television series
 Sonic the Hedgehog (film), a 2020 action-adventure film

See also

 
 
 Sonic hedgehog, one of three proteins in a mammalian signaling pathway
 Sonic (disambiguation)
 Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (disambiguation)
Search and Destroy (The Stooges song)

"Search and Destroy" is a song by American rock band the Stooges, recorded for the group's third album Raw Power (1973). Lead singer Iggy Pop said that the title was derived from a column heading in a Time article about the Vietnam War. In 1997, "Search and Destroy" (along with the rest of the songs on Raw Power) was remixed and remastered by Pop and Bruce Dickinson. The result was far more aggressive and stripped down than the original release, which had been mixed by David Bowie.

In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked "Search and Destroy" at No. 468 on their list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". In 2009, it was named the 49th best hard rock song of all time by VH1.  The song has also been characterized as garage rock, glam rock and proto-punk.

Influence
In a song review for AllMusic,  Bill Janovitz commented on the song's influence:

Janovitz also notes that the song has become a popular live punk performance piece for bands such as Red Hot Chili Peppers, Sid Vicious, the Dictators, and KMFDM.

Covers
Finnish band Smack played the song in their gig at Husulan Kasino 26th of September 1986 and it has been recorded on their live album Live Desire.

Former Chemlab vocalist Jared Louche covered the song with The Aliens for his 1999 solo debut Covergirl.

Emanuel covered the song for the Tony Hawk's American Wasteland original soundtrack in 2005.

Skunk Anansie covered the song for the Sucker Punch soundtrack.

Industrial metal band Ministry, joined by guitarist Billy Morrison and bassist David Ellefson, covered the track on their 2021 album Moral Hygiene.

Indie rock band Florence and the Machine covered the song on the deluxe edition of their 2022 album Dance Fever.

Red Hot Chili Peppers covered the song on The Beavis and Butt-Head Experience.

Soundgarden covered the song on Live on I-5.

Personnel
Iggy Pop – vocals
James Williamson – guitar
Ron Asheton – bass guitar
Scott Asheton – drums

References

1973 songs
1973 singles
The Stooges songs
Songs written by Iggy Pop
Song recordings produced by David Bowie
Columbia Records singles
Glam rock songs
Code of the West

Code of the West may refer to:

 Code of the West, an unwritten, socially agreed upon set of informal laws shaping the cowboy culture of the Old West
The Code of the West, a 1934 novel by Zane Grey
 Code of the West (1925 film), a 1925 American Western silent film
Code of the West (1947 film), based on the novel by Zane Grey; previously filmed under the same name in 1925; unrelated movies of the same title were filmed in 1921 and 1929
 Code of the West (2012 film), an American 2012 documentary film
Code of the West, a novel by Aaron Latham
Marcus Johnson (offensive lineman)

Michael "Marcus" Johnson (born December 1, 1981) is a former American football guard. He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the second round of the 2005 NFL draft. He played college football at Mississippi.

Johnson has also been a member of the Oakland Raiders, Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Hartford Colonials. He is the younger brother of CFL offensive lineman Belton Johnson.  Johnson is currently an offensive line coach for the Mississippi State Bulldogs team, 2018 will be his first season in that role.

References

External links
 Duke Blue Devils football coaching bio 

1981 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Greenville, Mississippi
Players of American football from Mississippi
American football offensive tackles
American football offensive guards
Ole Miss Rebels football players
Minnesota Vikings players
Oakland Raiders players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Hartford Colonials players
People from Coffeeville, Mississippi
Duke Blue Devils football coaches
Littoral Airborne Sensor/Hyperspectral

The Littoral Airborne Sensor/Hyperspectral (LASH) imaging system developed by the United States Navy combines optical imaging hardware, navigation and stabilization, and advanced image processing and algorithms to provide real-time submarine target detection,
classification, and identification in littoral waters. Operating in visible and near infrared spectrum (390 to 710 nm), LASH collects hyperspectral imagery using many spectral channels (colors) to exploit subtle color features associated with targets of interest. Developed as a pod-mounted system, LASH can be operated from a P-3C Orion, SH-60B Seahawk, or other platforms in support of anti-submarine warfare, mine detection, passive bathymetry, near-shore mapping, and land-based detection, discrimination and targeting.

Other applications

LASH technology might have medical applications. Researchers are investigating the camera's ability to detect cancer cells by comparing their minute light variations with surrounding tissue. Its ability to detect cervical cancer has been studied. If successful, it could perform a painless virtual biopsy and provide instantaneous results.

References

 summary description taken from an unclassified budget justification sheet and a vendor's description published by the USN, both in the public domain
 http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2003/Aug/19/ln/ln23a.html

Equipment of the United States Navy
Inti+Quila

Inti+Quila is the name utilized by the historic Chilean Nueva Canción groups Inti-Illimani and Quilapayún during their recent collaborative artistic efforts. These have included a Latin American and European tour, as well as the release of a CD and a DVD compilation of their joint concerts. The Inti+Quila denomination has been reserved for use by the Santiago, Chile-based "historic" factions of the groups.

Yet another conflict between the "historic" factions and the "new" lineups has erupted with the other Inti-Illimani and the Paris-based Quilapayún currently planning to tour Europe using the Inti+Quila name. In this particular case the term was clearly developed by the Chile-based historic members of both groups. The latter Inti+Quila are planning a Chilean tour in 2006, which could lead to mass confusion as both Inti+Quila collaborations will be performing at the same time. The groups remain extremely popular in both Latin America and Europe often playing to sold out shows wherever they go.

References

External links
Inti-Illimani (new faction) Official Site
Inti-Illimani (historic faction) Official Site
Quilapayún - Official Website (Spanish)

Chilean folk musical groups
Nueva canción musicians