alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
The Universalist Herald

Universalist Herald is a publication of the Universalist Herald Publishing company. "Universalist Heritage and Spirit Today" and "The Oldest Continuously Published Liberal Religious Periodical in North America" are the subtitles of the modern edition.

Overview
Founded in 1847 as the Religious Reformer by C. F. R. Shehane of Wetumpka, Alabama. Beginning January 1, 1850 it became The Universalist Herald and was edited by John Crenshaw Buruss. For many years it was strictly a regional publication, serving the Universalist Church of America in Southeastern United States.

In 1896, John M. Bowers purchased and moved the paper to Canon, Georgia, and remained as publishing editor to 1911. From 1911 to 1991, it continued to be published in Canon, Georgia, under an arrangement with the Georgia Universalist Convention, serving as a regional oriented periodical. There was a succession of local editors, notably Nellie Mann Opdale, Argyle E. Houser, and Haynie Summers. Then it began to shift its focus away from regional interests with editor William Balkan from 1985 to 1991, followed by Vernon Chandler and then Justin Lapoint. From 2004 to 2012, the editor was Rich Koster, a retired minister and former truck driver who still writes with the pen name Raven. The most recent editor is David Damico of LeRoy, New York, a member of First Universalist Church of Rochester, New York, and a college professor of graphic design.

The Herald'''s main church connection was the Universalist Church of America, and then since 1961 with the Unitarian Universalist Association of Churches. It has a broader outlook and has subscribers from all over the U.S. and around the world. The corporate office is in Seven Springs, North Carolina, and the business office is in Dorchester, Massachusetts.The Universalist Herald'' is published quarterly, is owned by the Universalist Herald Publishing Company, and is governed by a Board of Directors: Linda Foshee, Hattiesburg, Mississippi; Joyce Gilbert, Rochester, New York; Rich Koster, Fort Thomas, Kentucky; Ann Malpass, Mount Olive, North Carolina; Peggy Rawheiser, Wilmington, North Carolina; Doug Shaheen, Dorchester, Massachusetts; Ken Vincent, Houston, Texas.

References

External links
 Universalist Herald at www.Universalist-Herald.org

1847 establishments in Alabama
Religious magazines published in the United States
Biweekly magazines published in the United States
Christian magazines
Magazines established in 1847
Universalist Church of America
Magazines published in Alabama
Magazines published in Georgia (U.S. state)
Lee County Civic Center

The Lee County Civic Center is a 7,800-seat multi-purpose arena in North Fort Myers, Florida, US. It opened in 1978.

It hosts local sporting events and concerts.

It has been the home of the Winternats since 1990, one of the oldest major Radio Controlled Car racing events in the world.

On November 15, 2008, WWE Raw superstar John Cena made a rare appearance/autograph signing and he scouted Florida Championship Wrestling talent.

References

External links
Official Website

1978 establishments in Florida
Indoor arenas in Florida
Music venues in Florida
Sports venues completed in 1978
Sports venues in Fort Myers, Florida
London Film Critics Circle Awards 2005

26th London Film Critics Circle Awards
8 February 2006

Film of the Year: 
 Brokeback Mountain 

British Film of the Year: 
 The Constant Gardener 

The 26th London Film Critics Circle Awards, honouring the best in film for 2005, were announced by the London Film Critics Circle on 8 February 2006.

Winners and nominees

Film of the Year
 Brokeback Mountain 
The Constant Gardener
Crash
A History of Violence
King Kong

British Film of the Year
 The Constant Gardener 
The Descent
Mrs Henderson Presents
Pride & Prejudice
Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit

Foreign Language Film of the Year
 Downfall • Germany
The Beat that My Heart Skipped • France
Caché • Austria/France
The Chorus • France
The Sea Inside • Spain

Director of the Year
Ang Lee – Brokeback Mountain 
David Cronenberg – A History of Violence
Paul Haggis – Crash
Peter Jackson – King Kong
Fernando Meirelles – The Constant Gardener

British Director of the Year
Joe Wright – Pride & Prejudice 
Stephen Frears – Mrs Henderson Presents
Terry George – Hotel Rwanda
Neil Marshall – The Descent
Christopher Nolan – Batman Begins

Screenwriter of the Year
Paul Haggis and Robert Moresco – Crash 
Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana – Brokeback Mountain
Jeffrey Caine – The Constant Gardener
Bernd Eichinger – Downfall
Shane Black – Kiss Kiss Bang Bang

Actor of the Year
Bruno Ganz – Downfall 
Don Cheadle- Hotel Rwanda
Johnny Depp – Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
Heath Ledger – Brokeback Mountain
Viggo Mortensen – A History of Violence

Actress of the Year
 Naomi Watts – King Kong 
Maria Bello – A History of Violence
Juliette Binoche – Caché
Laura Linney – Kinsey
Catalina Sandino Moreno – Maria Full of Grace

British Actor of the Year
 Ralph Fiennes – The Constant Gardener 
Christian Bale – The Machinist
Chiwetel Ejiofor – Kinky Boots
Liam Neeson – Kinsey
Tom Wilkinson – Separate Lies

British Actress of the Year
 Rachel Weisz – The Constant Gardener 
Judi Dench – Mrs Henderson Presents
Keira Knightley – Pride & Prejudice
Kristin Scott Thomas – Keeping Mum
Emily Watson – Separate Lies

British Supporting Actor of the Year
 Tom Hollander – Pride & Prejudice 
Paddy Considine – Cinderella Man
Brendan Gleeson – Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
James McAvoy – The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Cillian Murphy – Batman Begins

British Supporting Actress of the Year
 Thandie Newton – Crash 
Brenda Blethyn- Pride & Prejudice
Sophie Okonedo – Hotel Rwanda
Rosamund Pike – Pride & Prejudice
Tilda Swinton – The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe

British Newcomer of the Year
 Kelly Reilly – Mrs Henderson Presents 
Julian Fellowes – Separate Lies
Annie Griffin – Festival
Matthew Macfadyen – Pride & Prejudice
Joe Wright – Pride & Prejudice

British Producer of the Year
 Simon Channing-Williams – The Constant Gardener 
Marc Boothe, Ruth Caleb – Bullet Boy
Andrew Eaton, Michael Winterbottom – A Cock and Bull Story
Christian Colson – Separate Lies
Peter Lord – Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit

Dilys Powell Award
Bryan Forbes

References

2
2005 film awards
2005 in London
2005 in British cinema
Khazar coinage

Yarmaq was name for Khazar Khaganate currency. The term for silver coin was sheleg (it might have direct connection to the term sheqel). The currency was mentioned in the Tale of Bygone Years as tribute money for Vyatichi and other Khazar subjects . Shelegs were probably minted in Kabir (Moxel, client state of Khazar Kaghanate) since approximately 5th c AD. The term for the gold coin might be oka, as they were minted in the same place and called oka ()

Etymology 
The term meant  since at least early Middle Ages, no other meanings had been attested.

Other versions 
Ar- or yar- evolved from the verb "to cut longitudinally, to split", Turkish verb is also co-originating with the Old Turkic word ır- or yır- which means the same. The name is similar to Mongolian language word "yaarmag" meaning "market," especially outdoor ones that sell wide variety of goods.

Resources
Roman K. Kovalev. "What Does Historical Numismatics Suggest About the Monetary History of Khazaria in the Ninth Century? – Question Revisited." Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 13 (2004): 97–129. 
Roman K. Kovalev. "Creating Khazar Identity through Coins: The Special Issue Dirhams of 837/8."  East Central and Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages, ed. Florin Curta, pp. 220–253. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2005.

See also
Khazar coinage
Kabir coinage centre

References 

Currencies of Europe
Currencies of Asia
Medieval currencies
Khazars
Robert Woods (surgeon)

Sir Robert Henry Woods (27 April 1865 – 8 September 1938) was an Irish surgeon and otorhinolaryngologist and also an Independent Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom Parliament.

Personal life
He was born at Tullamore, King's County (now County Offaly), the son of Christopher Woods and Dorothea Lowe.

He attended Wesley College, Dublin and Trinity College Dublin as well as studying in Vienna, before graduating in medicine in 1889.

In August 1894, he married Margaret Shaw, daughter of county court judge James Johnston Shaw; they raised five children.

He became President of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 1910–11. He was Professor of Laryngology and Otology at Trinity College. He was knighted in 1913.

Political career

He was MP for Dublin University between 1918 and 1922, having previously been defeated in a 1917 by-election for the same constituency.

Woods left the House of Commons at the dissolution of 1922 when his constituency ceased to be represented in the House of Commons.

Death
Robert Henry Woods died in Ballybrack, Dublin on 8 September 1938, aged 73.

References

 Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, Vol. III 1919-1945, edited by M. Stenton & S. Lees (The Harvester Press 1979)

External links

 
 

1865 births
1938 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Independent members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
Irish knights
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Dublin University
UK MPs 1918–1922
Politicians from County Offaly
Academics of Trinity College Dublin
Teachtaí Dála for Dublin University
People from Tullamore, County Offaly
Irish surgeons
Otolaryngologists
People educated at Wesley College, Dublin
People from Howth
Medical doctors from County Offaly
Members of the 1st Dáil
Cook–Craigie plan

In aviation, the Cook–Craigie plan is an approach to the development process of civil and military aircraft, designed to reduce the time needed to bring a new design into service. In the late 1940s, US Air Force Major Generals Laurence C. Craigie, deputy chief of staff for development, and Orval R. Cook, deputy chief of staff for materiel, proposed that new designs should move directly into the production phase without the construction of prototypes. Since then, this approach has been used in an increasing number of aviation projects.

Method
In traditional aircraft design, after the design drawings (or "blueprints") are prepared, a small series of prototype aircraft are constructed in order to test the concept. Data from the flight tests influences the revisions that are made to the design. If these changes are wide-ranging and/or significant, more prototypes have to be built. Once the prototype cycle is complete, the development can enter the "pre-production" stage and further evaluation. Once this stage is completed satisfactorily, series production can begin.

The Cook–Craigie plan promoted the elimination of the entire prototype cycle and entering straight into the pre-production stage. If these examples flew as expected, production could start immediately. The plan required considerable confidence in the design from the outset; if the design had an inherent flaw, the jigs used during pre-production would have to be replaced. The plan seems inherently more dangerous than the traditional prototype cycle, but Cook and Craigie argued that for the advanced designs that were entering service in the late 1940s, any prototype was likely to be so different from the production variant that any data collected could be entirely misleading. Moreover, since several aircraft designs are typically ordered for competitive testing, the chance that all of the designs would fail is extremely low, and if even one design passes testing, it can immediately enter production.

One of the first designs to use the plan was the F-102 Delta Dagger. Although this design had a number of new features, it was based to a large degree on the earlier XF-92 prototype, and thus considered to be a fairly well understood design. This confidence proved to be misplaced, as the F-102 underwent a lengthy series of upgrades, and was eventually replaced in service by a redesigned version, the F-106 Delta Dart. Another example of the Cook–Craigie method is the development of the Avro CF-105 Arrow, which passed through the testing phase with few required changes.

As the potential of computer-aided design has increased since the 1950s, aircraft designs have generally performed much closer to their original goals. For example, the production specification of the Boeing 777 was within 20 lb of its predicted weight. Today the Cook–Craigie approach is used as standard, and no longer known as such.

References

Aircraft components
Industrial processes
Dark figure of crime

In criminology and sociology, the dark figure of crime, or hidden figure of crime, is the amount of unreported or undiscovered crime.

Methodology 
This gap between reported and unreported crimes calls the reliability of official crime statistics into question, but all measures of crime have a dark figure to some degree. The gap in official statistics is largest for less serious crimes.

Comparisons between official statistics, such as the Uniform Crime Reports and the National Incident-Based Reporting System, and victim studies, such as the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), attempt to provide an insight into the amount of unreported crime.

Self-report studies are also used in comparison with official statistics and organized datasets to assess the dark of crime.

See also 
 There are known knowns
 Under-reporting

References

Further reading 
 Moore, S. (1996). Investigating Crime and Deviance. Harpers Collins. , pages 211–220.
 Coleman, C., & Moynihan, J. (1996). Understanding crime data: haunted by the dark figure. Open University Press. .

Crime statistics
Law enforcement theory
Criminology
Certified funds

In the United States and Canada, certified funds are a form of payment that is guaranteed to clear or settle by the company certifying the funds.

When making certain types of transactions, such as purchasing real property, motor vehicles and other items that require title, the seller usually requires a guarantee that the payment method used will satisfy the obligations. To do this, the seller will require certified funds, usually in the form of:

Certified check
Cashier's check (known as a bank draft in Canada)
Money order
Manager's check
Wire transfer

Specifically, personal checks are not allowed, as the account may not have sufficient funds, and credit cards are not allowed, as the transaction may later be disputed or reversed.

Checks sent by a bank bill payment service can fall into an ambiguous state, since the funds are typically removed from the sender's account before the check is mailed, received and deposited into the recipient's account, resulting in the possibility of the check being lost.

Sometimes steps may be taken to ensure that certified funds cannot easily be forged. These steps can include various unique stamps, inks and hole punchers, as well as the assistance of a machine such as a protectograph. Unfortunately, these steps cannot prevent someone from erasing the payee's name and writing in their own name. Fraud is specifically not reimbursed by many issuers of money orders (e.g. Western Union), and so has to go through local police. The perpetrator can then claim "identity theft" to the investigating detective. Such money orders can be obtained from places like rent-drop boxes.

References 
Payment systems
L'Absinthe

(English: The Absinthe Drinker or Glass of Absinthe) is a painting by Edgar Degas, painted between 1875 and 1876. Its original title was , a name often used today.

Other early titles were A sketch of a French Café and Figures at Café. Then, when exhibited in London in 1893, the title was changed to , the name by which the painting is now commonly known. It is in the permanent collection of the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.

Description
Painted in 1875–76, the work portrays a woman and man sitting side-by-side, drinking a glass of absinthe. They appear lethargic and lonely. The man, wearing a hat, looks to the right off the edge of the canvas, while the woman, dressed more formally in fashionable dress and hat, stares vacantly downward. A glass filled with absinthe is on the table in front of her. The models used in the painting are Ellen Andrée, an actress who also appeared in Édouard Manet's paintings Chez le père Lathuille and Plum Brandy, and Marcellin Desboutin, a painter and etcher. The café where they are taking their refreshment is the Café de la Nouvelle-Athènes in Paris.

Reception
At its first showing in 1876, the picture was panned by critics, who called it ugly and disgusting. It was put into storage until being exhibited again in 1892, but was again treated with derision. The painting was shown again at the Grafton Gallery in England in 1893, this time entitled , where it sparked even greater controversy. The people and the absinthe represented in the painting were considered by English critics to be shockingly degraded and uncouth. Many regarded the painting as a blow to morality; this was the general view of such Victorians as Sir William Blake Richmond and Walter Crane when shown the painting in London. That reaction was typical of the age, revealing the deep suspicion with which Victorian England had regarded art in France since the early days of the Barbizon School, and the desire to find a morally uplifting lesson in works of art. Many English critics viewed the picture as a warning lesson against absinthe, and the French in general. The comment by George Moore on the woman depicted was: "What a whore!" He added, "the tale is not a pleasant one, but it is a lesson". However, in his book Modern Painting, Moore regretted assigning a moral lesson to the work, claiming that "the picture is merely a work of art, and has nothing to do with drink or sociology."

See also
 Cultural references to absinthe
 Automat, similar subject
 The Plum, similar subject

References

Further reading

External links
 Green Fairy: The symbol of liberté — Examines  as a fitting example of the "nervous fear that the decadent ways of the Continent might reach the shores of the British Isles".
 Musée d'Orsay discussion of the painting 
 Degas: The Artist's Mind, exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art fully available online as PDF, which contains material on  (see index)

1876 paintings
Absinthe
Paintings in the Musée d'Orsay
Paintings by Edgar Degas
Food and drink paintings
List of Roman triumphal arches

This is a list of Roman triumphal arches. Triumphal arches were constructed across the Roman Empire and are an archetypal example of Roman architecture. Most surviving Roman arches date from the Imperial period (1st century BC onwards). They were preceded by honorific arches set up under the Roman Republic.

Existing arches

Destroyed arches
Note: MUR stands for the 12th century Mirabilia Urbis Romae

See also

List of post-Roman triumphal arches
Victory column
Rostral column
Roman architecture
Roman engineering
Roman technology

Sources

 
Triumphal arches
Whisky (disambiguation)

Whisky (Scottish English; otherwise whiskey) is an alcoholic beverage.

Whisky or whiskey may refer to:

Art, entertainment, and media

Music
 Way Down Yonder (re-released in 1997 as Whiskey), an album by Charlie Daniels

Songs
 "Whiskey" (Jana Kramer song), 2012
 "Whiskey" (Maroon 5 song), 2017
 "Whiskey", by Inspiral Carpets from Dung 4 (1989)
 "Whiskey", by Loggins and Messina's from Loggins and Messina (1972)
 "Whiskey", by New Riders of the Purple Sage from Gypsy Cowboy (1972)

Other media
 Whisky (film), a 2004 Argentine-German-Spanish-Uruguayan film
 Whiskey (play), a 1973 one-act play by Terrence McNally
 Whiskey, a character from the TV series Dollhouse
 Whiskey, a character from Kingsman: The Golden Circle

Other uses
 One-horse shay or whisk(e)y, a light, covered, two-wheeled carriage for two persons
 Whisky, the letter W in the NATO phonetic alphabet
 Whisky a Go Go or The Whisky, a nightclub in West Hollywood, California, U.S.
 Whiskey-class submarine, a class of Soviet naval submarines

See also
 Whiskey Creek (disambiguation)
 Whiskey Gap, Alberta, a ghost town in southern Alberta, Canada
 Whisky Party
Scots Parliament

Scots Parliament can refer to:
 Parliament of Scotland, the pre-1707 legislature of the Kingdom of Scotland
 Scottish Parliament, the post-1999 unicameral devolved legislature of Scotland

See also
Scots (disambiguation)
Duncan Hamilton (politician)

Duncan Hamilton KC (born 1973 in Troon) is a Scottish lawyer and Scottish National Party politician. He was a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Highlands and Islands region from 1999 to 2003.

He previously wrote a column for The Scotsman newspaper.

Education
Hamilton attended the University of Glasgow, obtaining a first class MA in modern History, before going on to the University of Edinburgh, where he received an LL.B. He also attended the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.

In 1994, he and Manus Blessing won the World Universities Debating Championship.

Career
He worked briefly for Procter & Gamble before becoming Assistant to SNP Leader, Alex Salmond and then to the SNP Chief Executive, Michael Russell.

In the 1999 election he stood as a constituency candidate in Argyll and Bute, where he finished second and in Highlands and Islands where he was elected.

Upon his election in 1999 he was, at the age of 25 years old, the youngest Member of the Scottish Parliament. In Holyrood he was the SNP Deputy Party Spokesperson on Enterprise (27 June 2001 – 30 May 2003), then Deputy Party Spokesperson on Lifelong Learning (27 June 2001 – 30 May 2003).

In February 2002, he wrote an open letter to his Argyll and Bute constituency party explaining his decided not to stand for election in 2003 in which he said he believed it was best for elected representatives to have "real life experience" outside politics. He had been tipped to be one of the rising stars of the Scottish Parliament and was regarded as one of the SNP's most able politicians.

He has since pursued a career in law, having been admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 2006. He has criticised the quality of the legislation passed by the Scottish Parliament.

In 2007 Hamilton was appointed as a political advisor to First Minister Alex Salmond.

On 8 September 2021, it was announced that Hamilton was one of twelve Scottish lawyers to be nominated for appointment as a Queen's Counsel in Scotland.

In 2022 Hamilton became a Part-time Sheriff

References

External links
 
 Duncan Hamilton, advocate
Duncan Hamilton, The Scotsman articles
Public Whip Voting Record

1973 births
Living people
Scottish National Party MSPs
Scottish columnists
Members of the Faculty of Advocates
People from Troon
Members of the Scottish Parliament 1999–2003
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Scottish special advisers
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Chesterfield Road (Sheffield)

Chesterfield Road is a shopping street in Sheffield, England.  It leads south from the suburb of Meersbrook to Woodseats, before becoming Meadowhead at the Abbey Lane junction, next to the Abbey pub. The road starts at Toll Bar bridge on the Meers Brook, the former boundary between Yorkshire and Derbyshire. There the road changes name from London Road to Chesterfield Road.
The first building on Chesterfield Road (although bearing an Albert Road house number) is the Crown Inn.

The street is home to a variety of pubs and shops, a police station and a library.

The road forms part of the A61. Its first section forms an almost constant incline to the beginning of Woodseats. Between the old Meersbrook Quarry and Heeley Retail Park are views to the west of the Sheaf Valley.

References

Streets in Sheffield
Let My Love Open the Door

"Let My Love Open the Door" is a song written and performed by Pete Townshend from his 1980 album Empty Glass. That year, it reached number nine on the Billboard Hot 100. It peaked at number five on RPM's Top 100 singles chart.

Background
Although Townshend is a devotee to the religious guru Meher Baba, he claimed in the liner notes of his Anthology CD that "Jesus sings" on the track.  Cash Box called it a "joyous, blissful tune [that] features a stirring keyboard-synthesizer melody and multi-tracked high harmonies." Record World called it a "timeless pop-rocker."

"Let My Love Open the Door" was released as the second single from Empty Glass in Britain, where it was backed with the non-album tracks "Classified" and "Greyhound Girl." The song was a minor British hit, reaching number 46. The song saw more success when it was released as the debut single from Empty Glass in America, where the song reached number nine. It was Pete Townshend's only solo top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, but the Who's song "I Can See for Miles", which was written by Townshend, reached the same position on the chart 13 years earlier.

Initially, Townshend's manager despised the track due to it "not sounding like Townshend," and wanted it to be removed from Empty Glass. However, upon the song's chart success, his manager called to apologize.

Despite the song's critical and commercial success, Pete Townshend did not consider it one of his best songs. He told Rolling Stone in an interview that "Let My Love Open the Door" was "just a ditty," also claiming that he preferred his minor U.S. hit "A Little Is Enough" from the same album.

In 1996, Townshend released a new version of the song, called "the E. Cola mix", turning the song into a ballad. This version appeared in different television shows and film soundtracks.

Personnel
 Pete Townshend: vocals, guitars, synthesizers
 John "Rabbit" Bundrick: keyboards
 Simon Phillips: drums
 Tony Butler: bass guitar
 Ted Jensen: mastering engineer
 Richard Evans: Cover design

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

In popular culture
The song has been used frequently in film, most notably the comedy genre, often as trailer music for Jerry Maguire and How Do You Know. It has been featured in the closing credits for Mr. Deeds, Look Who's Talking, Jersey Girl, Along Came Polly, Red Dog, Old Dogs, Put Grandma in the Freezer, Grosse Pointe Blank, and The Adam Project, respectively. In Dan in Real Life, the song is performed by Steve Carell and Dane Cook and is covered by Sondre Lerche for the film's soundtrack. In 2004, the song was used in commercials for JCPenney during the holiday season. In 2021, it was used in the "All Night Long" episode of the Apple TV+ series Acapulco during the last scene and end credits.

References

1980 songs
1980 singles
Pete Townshend songs
Songs written by Pete Townshend
Atco Records singles
Song recordings produced by Chris Thomas (record producer)
British new wave songs
Barry Edmonds

Barry Edmonds (July 18, 1931 - July 21, 1982) was a United States photojournalist.

The work of photographer Barry Edmonds started in the Flint Journal beginning in 1955. For 27 years, Edmonds worked at the paper. Edmonds was named the Michigan Press Photographer of the Year four times in the 1960s, more than any other photographer at the time. He was the only Flint Journal photographer to serve as president of the National Press Photographers Association. At the time of his death in July 1982 he was Director of Photography at the Flint Journal. The Barry Edmonds Award was established to recognize and honor photographers whose work best portrays the common purpose of man. The subjects may show facets of human relationships, friendship, mutual concern for the environment, a lifting hope for peace or any aspect of life appropriate to the theme of Michigan Understanding.

Trained as an artist from boyhood on, he received his degree in Art Education and was a teacher at Mt. Morris High School from 1954 to 1955. The Flint Journal hired Edmonds in May 1955. He was mentored by Bill Gallagher (Pulitzer Prize 1953)and Dante Levi of The Flint Journal and J. D. Hicks (Hicks Studios). He went on to develop his own style deeply relating to the human condition. As an educator Edmonds emphasized the need for continuing education for photojournalists and newspaper photographers. For many years he was one of the lecturers on the Traveling Short Course sponsored by National Press Photographers Association during 1960s and 1970s which was presented in the United States and Europe.

While he remained in Flint, Michigan all his life, he was offered staff positions by The National Geographic Magazine, The Washington Post, The Miami Herald and other prominent newspapers. He chose to remain close to his wife and three children rather than pursue a national career.

External links
Flintjournal.com article on and photo of Edmonds

1931 births
1982 deaths
American photojournalists
People from Flint, Michigan
St. Stephen's Abbey, Augsburg

St. Stephen's Abbey, Augsburg (, formerly Stift St. Stephan) is a Benedictine monastery, formerly a house of Augustinian canonesses, in Augsburg in Bavaria, Germany.

First foundation

The monastery, dedicated to Saint Stephen, was founded in 968 by Saint Ulrich, Bishop of Augsburg, and used by Augustinian canonesses. It was dissolved in the secularisation of Bavaria in 1803, and the premises passed into the possession of the town. The army used the site for a few years as a quartermaster's store.

Second foundation
In 1828 King Ludwig I of Bavaria founded a grammar school here, as a successor to the former Jesuit college of St. Salvator (1582–1807). In 1835 he established the Benedictine monastery and entrusted it with the running of the school. Barnabas Huber, who had been staying with Prince Fugger of Babenhusen since the closing of Ottobeuren Abbey was selected as the first abbot. In company with Ignatius Albert von Riegg, Bishop of Augsburg (1824–36), he traveled to Benedictine monasteries in Austria and Switzerland, and returned with about twenty monks to make up the new community. As the house began to grow, many of them returned to their respective abbeys. Huber's installation as abbot took place in November 1835. The monks took up teaching at the Royal Lyceum, the Catholic Gymnasium, and the seminary.

The buildings were entirely destroyed in 1944 but have been re-built.

The monks continue to run the school and boarding house, and are engaged in pastoral and youth work.

The abbey belongs to the Bavarian Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation.

References

External links
 St. Stephen's Abbey website
 Klöster in Bayern

969 establishments
1803 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1835 establishments in Bavaria
Religious organizations disestablished in 1803
Religious organizations established in 1835
Benedictine monasteries in Germany
Monasteries of Canonesses Regular
Monasteries in Bavaria
Christian monasteries established in the 10th century
Christian monasteries disestablished in the 19th century
19th-century Christian monasteries
10th-century establishments in Germany
10th-century churches in Germany
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Germany
REMBRANDT-1

REMBRANDT-1 is a Submarine communications cable system linking the United Kingdom and the Netherlands across the southern North Sea.  It is no longer in use.

It has landing points in:
Pakefield, England, UK
Bakkum,  Netherlands

References

External links
KIS-ORCA.eu — Kingfisher Information Service - Offshore Renewals & Cables Awareness

Submarine communications cables in the North Sea
Netherlands–United Kingdom relations
Very-high-density cable interconnect

A very-high-density cable interconnect (VHDCI) is a 68-pin connector that was introduced in the SPI-2 document of SCSI-3. The VHDCI connector is a very small connector that allows placement of four wide SCSI connectors on the back of a single PCI card slot. Physically, it looks like a miniature Centronics type connector. It uses the regular 68-contact pin assignment. The male connector (plug) is used on the cable and the female connector ("receptacle") on the device.

Other uses
Apart from the standardized use with the SCSI interface, several vendors have also used VHDCI connectors for other types of interfaces:

 Nvidia: for an external PCI Express 8-lane interconnect, and used in Quadro Plex VCS and in Quadro NVS 420 as a display port connector
 ATI Technologies: on the FireMV 2400 to convey two DVI and two VGA signals on a single connector, and ganging two of these connectors side by side in order to allow the FireMV 2400 to be a low-profile quad display card. The Radeon X1950 XTX Crossfire Edition also used a pair of the connectors to grant more inter-card bandwidth than the PCI Express bus allowed at the time for Crossfire.
 AMD: Some Visiontek variants of the Radeon HD 7750 use a VHDCI connector alongside a Mini DisplayPort to allow a 5 (breakout to 4 HDMI+1 mDP) display Eyefinity array on a low profile card. VisionTek also released a similar Radeon HD 5570, though it lacked a Mini DisplayPort.
 Juniper Networks: for their 12- and 48-port 100BASE-TX PICs (physical interface cards). The cable connects to the VHDCI connector on the PIC on one end, via an RJ-21 connector on the other end, to an RJ-45 patch panel.
 Cisco: 3750 StackWise stacking cables
 National Instruments: on their high-speed digital I/O cards.
 AudioScience uses VHDCI to carry multiple analog balanced audio and digital AES/EBU audio streams, and clock and GPIO signals.

See also
SCSI connector

References

Electrical signal connectors
Analog video connectors
Digital display connectors
Networking hardware
SCSI
ABC45

ABC 45 may refer to:

 WXLV-TV, a television station licensed to Winston-Salem, North Carolina
 WKDH, a television station licensed to Houston, Mississippi
Nochiura Natsumi

was a one-off Hello! Project unit formed in 2004. The members were Maki Goto, Aya Matsuura and Natsumi Abe.

The group was composed of soloists, similar to Gomattou, and released their only single, , on October 6, 2004. It reached 4th place on TBS's Top 100 weekly countdown show Count Down TV. Like Gomattou, the name of the group is a portmanteau of the members' names: , an alternate reading of the first character in Maki Goto's surname (後藤), , the last character in Aya Matsuura's surname (松浦), and , Abe's first name.

The trio was scheduled to perform together on NHK's 55th Kōhaku Uta Gassen, but Abe was suspended from Hello! Project for plagiarism in December 2004, so Goto and Matsuura had to perform without her. The trio reunited for the "Triangle Energy" concert tour in spring 2005. Both the song itself and in particular the music video for "Ren'ai Sentai Shitsuranger" pay homage to the Japanese Super Sentai franchise. All three members later participated in the similarly themed group Def.Diva.

Discography

DVDs

Concert tour
The group had their spring tour starting on April 10, 2005 and ended on May 8, 2005 under the title "Nochiura Natsumi Concert Tour 2005 Haru 'Triangle Energy'". The recording of the May 1 concert on Nakano Sunplaza will be released on DVD on August 3, 2005.

References

External links 
 Official Hello! Project profile
 Up-Front Works official discography

Japanese musical trios
Japanese idol groups
Japanese girl groups
Japanese pop music groups
Hello! Project groups
Musical groups from Tokyo
J. C. Powell

Julius Cherry Powell (January 23, 1926 – 1988) was an American academic teacher and the seventh president of Eastern Kentucky University.

Early life and education
Julius Cherry Powell was born January 23, 1926, in Harriman, Tennessee, to  Julius K. and Lucille C. Powell.  He graduated from Harrodsburg High School in 1944 and then attended the University of Kentucky after two years in the military.  He received his Master of Education Degree from the University of Louisville in 1952 and later received his Doctor of Education degree from the University of Kentucky in 1970.

Secondary education work
Powell served as a high school mathematics teacher at Atherton High School in Louisville, Kentucky, from 1950 until 1953.  From 1953 to 1957 he held a variety of positions including Assistant Director of Curriculum, Director of Instructional Services, and Assistant to Superintendent of the Louisville Public Schools.

University work
From 1957 to 1960 he was a divisional director for the Kentucky Department of Education and joined the staff of Eastern Kentucky University in 1960 as an Executive Assistant to the President.

Powell held a variety of positions at Eastern Kentucky University including Dean of Business Affairs, Executive Dean, and Vice-President for Administration.

Powell became the 7th president of Eastern Kentucky University following Robert R. Martin's retirement in 1976.  He served as president until 1984 and was succeeded by Dr. Hanley Funderburk.

Death
Powell died in 1988 and was survived by his wife of 38 years, Elizabeth D. Case, and his two daughters Karen and Julia.

Legacy
Built in 1971 the  $5.4 million J.C. Powell Building (Eastern's Student Center) houses meeting and conference rooms, a food court, the campus cafeteria, student lounges, a bowling alley, and an arcade.  (The bowling alley and arcade are now closed) The Powell Student Center recently underwent an extensive renovation and reopened in 2019. It houses the Student Government Association offices, along with the offices of other student affairs-related organizations

References

1926 births
1988 deaths
People from Harriman, Tennessee
Academics from Kentucky
University of Kentucky alumni
University of Louisville alumni
Presidents of Eastern Kentucky University
20th-century American academics
Dired

Dired (for Directory Editor) is a computer program for editing file system directories. It typically runs inside the Emacs text editor as a specialized mode, though standalone versions have been written. Dired was the  file manager, or visual editor of file system information.  The first version of Dired was written as a stand-alone program independently in 1972 by Dave Lebling at Project MAC, and circa 1974 by Stan Kugell at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL). It was incorporated into GNU Emacs from the earliest versions, and re-implemented in C and C++ on other operating systems.

When run in Emacs, dired displays an ls-like file listing in an Emacs buffer. The list can be navigated using standard navigation commands. Several Emacs Lisp scripts have been developed to extend Dired in Emacs. In combination with Tramp it is able to access remote file systems for editing files by means of SSH, FTP, telnet and many other protocols, as well as the capability of accessing local files as another user in the same session. There are also functions that make it possible to rename multiple files via Emacs search and replace capabilities or apply regular expressions for marking (selecting) multiple files. Once marked, files can be operated on in various ways from deleting, to renaming, to executing an external shell command or elisp function on them. By means of the Lisp package dired-x it is also possible to handle existing ls-like directory listings in a virtual Dired mode. These can also be saved again, often using the filename extension dired.

References

External links
 Dired manual at GNU.org
 Entry at the Emacs wiki; focuses mostly on the many scripts and tweaks that can modify the default Dired's behavior.

Free file managers
Emacs modes
Unix file system-related software
Thunder Force

is a series of free-roaming scrolling shooter type video games developed by the Japanese software company Technosoft and published by Sega. The franchise is recognized for its distinctive gameplay, graphics, and synthesizer-based chiptune music soundtracks.

There are six games in the series in total. The first appeared on the personal computers. The majority of installments in the series appeared on the Mega Drive console. The most recent entry was released on PlayStation 2.

History
The series' first game, Thunder Force, appeared in 1983 on a variety of Japanese computers, such as the X1, PC-8801 mkII, and FM-7. Since Thunder Force II, the majority of installments in the series appeared on the Mega Drive console, where the series gained much of its popularity. The most recent entry was released on PlayStation 2.

The original Thunder Force video game was created by Kotori Yoshimura in 1983. She later left Technosoft and founded Arsys Software in 1985, where herself and Osamu Nagano worked on notable titles such as Star Cruiser. In 1984, Technosoft released a level editor, or game creation system, titled Thunder Force Construction, created by Yoshimura for the FM-7 computer.

In September 2016, Sega announced at the Tokyo Game Show that they own the rights to the Thunder Force franchise and all other Technosoft intellectual properties.

Games
Thunder Force (X1) (1983)
Thunder Force II (X68000) (1988)
Thunder Force II MD (Mega Drive/Genesis) (1989) (port of Thunder Force II)
Thunder Force III (Mega Drive/Genesis) (1990)
Thunder Force AC (Arcade) (1990) (port of Thunder Force III retooled into an arcade game)
Thunder Spirits (Super NES) (1991) (port of Thunder Force AC)
Thunder Force IV (Mega Drive/Genesis) (1992) (a.k.a. Lightening Force: Quest for the Darkstar)
Thunder Force Gold Pack 1 (Sega Saturn) (1996), contains Thunder Force II and Thunder Force III).
Thunder Force Gold Pack 2 (Sega Saturn) (1996), contains Thunder Force IV and Thunder Force AC.
 Thunder Force V (Sega Saturn) (1997)
Thunder Force V: Perfect System (PlayStation) (1998) (port of Thunder Force V)
 Thunder Force VI (PlayStation 2) (2008)

References

 
horizontally scrolling shooters
Sega Games franchises
video game franchises introduced in 1983
REMBRANDT-2

REMBRANDT-2  is a submarine telecommunications cable system linking the United Kingdom and the Netherlands across the southern North Sea.  It is no longer in use.

It has landing points in:
Joss Bay, England, UK
Domburg, Netherlands

References

External links
KIS-ORCA.eu — Kingfisher Information Service - Offshore Renewals & Cables Awareness

Submarine communications cables in the North Sea
Netherlands–United Kingdom relations
St. Bernard Unified School

The St. Bernard Unified School was the K-12 public school in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, United States, for the 2005-2006 school year after Hurricane Katrina hit the Parish directly on August 29, 2005. The school opened in mid-November 2005, less than three months after the devastating floods hit the parish, becoming the first school to open in the flood zone. The school was disbanded after spring 2006. The school was operated by St. Bernard Parish Public Schools.

After Hurricane Katrina left the entire parish and all of its schools devastated, the St. Bernard Parish School Board led by Doris Voitier created the school at the site of former Chalmette High School. The quick response made it possible for many residents to return and begin rebuilding their homes without having to send their children away to school. Because of the great number of students, some classrooms were within the school building and some were in trailers set up in the parking lot of Bobby Nuss Stadium.

The school was attended by the students of the previous public schools:
 Andrew Jackson Fundamental Magnet High School
 Arabi Elementary School
 Chalmette High School
 Chalmette Middle School
 J.F. Gauthier Elementary School
 Joseph Davies Elementary School
 Lacoste Elementary School
 P.G.T. Beauregard Middle School
 NOVA Academy
 Rowley Elementary School
 Trist Middle School
 Sebastian Roy Elementary School
 St. Bernard High School
 W. Smith Elementary School

The school was also attended by a minority of students from private Catholic Pre-K–8 schools in the surrounding Chalmette/Arabi area:
 Our Lady of Prompt Succor School
 St. Mark School (Lacoste Elementary School c. Fall 2012)
 St. Louise de Marillac School (closed)
 St. Robert Bellarmine School (closed)

In August 2006, the St. Bernard Parish School Board re-opened Chalmette High School under its own name, with students from grades 7–12; and Andrew Jackson Magnet High School was re-opened as an elementary school for grades K–6 as well as pre-school classes.

External links
 Chalmette Owls Forever, a fan news page

Schools in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana
Public high schools in Louisiana
Public elementary schools in Louisiana
Public middle schools in Louisiana
Bavarian Congregation

The Bavarian Congregation is a congregation of the Benedictine Confederation consisting (with one exception) of monasteries in Bavaria, Germany.

It was founded on 26 August 1684 by Pope Innocent XI (1676-1689).

First Congregation

Until the secularisation of Bavaria in 1803 the following abbeys belonged to the congregation:
Andechs Abbey
Attel Abbey
Benediktbeuern Abbey
Ensdorf Abbey
Frauenzell Abbey
Mallersdorf Abbey
Michelfeld Abbey
Oberaltaich Abbey
Prüfening Abbey
St. Emmeram's Abbey
Reichenbach Abbey
Rott Abbey
Scheyern Abbey
Tegernsee Abbey
Thierhaupten Abbey
Weihenstephan Abbey
Weissenohe Abbey
Weltenburg Abbey
Wessobrunn Abbey

All these monasteries were dissolved in 1803, however, and the congregation lapsed at that point.

Second Congregation

The congregation was re-established by Pope Pius IX on 5 February 1858, comprising to begin with three monasteries re-founded by Ludwig I of Bavaria: Metten; St. Boniface's Abbey, Munich, with Andechs Priory; and Weltenburg.

 the members of the congregation, with the dates when they joined the congregation where known, were:
Andechs Priory, dependent on St. Boniface's Abbey, Munich (1858)
St. Stephen's Abbey, Augsburg
Braunau in Rohr Abbey (1984)
Ettal Abbey (1900), with a dependent student house in Munich
Metten Abbey (1858)
St. Boniface's Abbey, Munich (1858)
Niederaltaich Abbey (1918)
Ottobeuren Abbey (1893)
Plankstetten Abbey (1904)
Scheyern Abbey
Schäftlarn Abbey (1866)
Wechselburg Priory (in Saxony, a dependent house of Ettal) (1993)
Weltenburg Abbey (1858)

External links
 Bavarian Congregation webpage
 The Confederation of Benedictine Congregations 

1684 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
17th-century establishments in Bavaria
Benedictine congregations
Religious organizations established in 1684
Catholic religious institutes established in the 17th century
Chaim Zanvl Abramowitz

Chaim Zanvl Abramowitz (, , born 1902 – died 18 October 1995) was known as the Ribnitzer Rebbe (), and considered a great Hasidic tzadik from Rybnitsa (present-day Transnistria, Moldova). Others, including singer Mordechai Ben David, who was one of the rabbi's close disciples, maintain that he was born in 1893, making him 102 at the time of his passing.

Abramowitz was a prominent follower of Rabbi Avrohom Matisyohu of Shtefanesht.

He managed to live a fully Jewish religious life even under Stalin's rule. He served as mohel and shochet. He often fasted and immersed himself many times daily in water that was sometimes only accessible by chopping away very thick ice. His Tikkun Chatzos (midnight prayer service) in sackcloth and ashes regularly lasted 6–7 hours, sometimes stretching as long as 12. He cried so much during Tikkun Chatzos that when he was done, the tears and ashes mingled so that he was sitting in mud.

Abramowitz left the Soviet Union in 1970 and moved to the Mattersdorf section of Jerusalem, where he lived for a few years before moving to the United States. He lived in Miami, Los Angeles, and Sea Gate, Brooklyn, before he finally settled in Monsey, New York, where he died on Isru Chag (Succos). He was believed to be 92 or 93 years old. He is buried in the Vizhnitzer Cemetery. Nearly 30,000 people visited his gravesite on his 23rd yahrtzeit.

References

External links
 Profile,; accessed 22 June 2017. 
 Video of The Ribnitzer saying sheva brachos, mahnishmah.com; accessed 22 June 2017.
 Jungreis, Esther. "There Are No Accidents ... "A story is told about the Ribnitzer Rebbe...", hineni.org; accessed 22 June 2017.
 A message from MBD, the3ms.co.uk; accessed 22 June 2017.

1902 births
1995 deaths
People with acquired American citizenship
People from Monsey, New York
Hasidic rebbes
Romanian Orthodox rabbis
American Hasidic rabbis
Hasidic rabbis in Europe
Moldovan Orthodox rabbis
Ukrainian Hasidic rabbis
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Soviet emigrants to Israel
Israeli emigrants to the United States
Israeli Hasidic rabbis
People from Botoșani
Transnistrian people
People from Sea Gate, Brooklyn
Mohalim
Collegium (school)

A collegium is a French form of schooling that is both a secondary school and a college.

Information
They are uncommon today. Most collegiums in the United States were built by Roman Catholic religious institutes. One example is the College of the Immaculate Conception in New Orleans, established by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1847.

References

School types