alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Merchant Marine of Switzerland

The Merchant Marine of Switzerland is the largest merchant navy of a landlocked country. Somewhat unusual for a landlocked country, Switzerland has a long tradition of civilian navigation, both on its lakes and rivers, and on the high seas.

History
The Swiss merchant navy was founded in 1941, with the purpose of supplying Switzerland with basic goods during the Second World War. As of 2016, its essential mission remains supplying the country with goods in times of crisis.

Swiss inland navigation
The Rhine port of Basel connects Switzerland to the Port of Rotterdam and thus to the sea trade network. Swiss industry and commerce rely on this connection, exploited for centuries by Swiss Rhine barges, for a substantial part of their imports and exports.

Swiss lakes, most notably Lake Constance, Lake Maggiore and Lake Geneva, are among the most intensively navigated lakes in the world, mostly for recreational and tourist purposes.

Swiss high seas fleet
Switzerland has a civilian high seas fleet of merchant vessels, whose home port is Basel, in Switzerland.

The first ships were purchased and operated by the government in order to ensure the supply of critical resources during World War II. After the war, a privately owned merchant fleet emerged, spurred in part by government subsidies that paid for the fleet's operation up until 1953, among them on behalf of the Migros Genossenschaftsbund the cargo ship Adele which was christened by Adele Duttweiler, the wife of Gottlieb Duttweiler, in Hamburg on 15 July 1952; her sister ship Sunamelia was commissioned some months later.

In 2010, a fleet of 37 ships flew the Swiss flag, which was made up of bulk carriers, container ships, multi-purpose freighters and tankers, totalling one million tonnes and operated by six shipping companies. By 2022, the fleet had declined to 14 ships, down from 49 in 2016.

Shipping companies

ABC Maritime AG
Enzian Shipping AG
Massoel Gestion SA
Mega Chemicals Schiffahrt AG
Reederei Zürich AG
Suisse-Atlantique Société de Navigation Maritime SA
Mediterranean Shipping Company

Notes and references

External links

Swiss flags at sea
Schweizer See- & Rheinschifffahrt (German)
Swiss Maritime Navigation Office Accessed 15 February 2011.

Transport in Switzerland
Economy of Switzerland
Switz
FO4

In digital electronics, Fan-out of 4 is a measure of time used in digital CMOS technologies: the gate delay of a component with a fan-out of 4.

Fan out = Cload / Cin, where

Cload = total MOS gate capacitance driven by the logic gate under consideration
Cin = the MOS gate capacitance of the logic gate under consideration

As a delay metric, one FO4 is the delay of an inverter, driven by an inverter 4x smaller than itself, and driving an inverter 4x larger than itself.  Both conditions are necessary since input signal rise/fall time affects the delay as well as output loading.

FO4 is generally used as a delay metric because such a load is generally seen in case of tapered buffers driving large loads, and approximately in any logic gate of a logic path sized for minimum delay. Also, for most technologies the optimum fanout for such buffers generally varies from 2.7 to 5.3.

A fan out of 4 is the answer to the canonical problem stated as follows:
Given a fixed size inverter, small in comparison to a fixed large load, minimize the delay in driving the large load.  After some math, it can be shown that the minimum delay is achieved when the load is driven by a chain of N inverters, each successive inverter ~4x larger than the previous; N ~ log4(Cload/Cin) .

In the absence of parasitic capacitances (drain diffusion capacitance and wire capacitance), the result is "a fan out of e" (now N ~ ln(Cload/Cin).

If the load itself is not large, then using a fan out of 4 scaling in successive logic stages does not make sense.  In these cases, minimum sized transistors may be faster.

Because scaled technologies are inherently faster (in absolute terms), circuit performance can be more fairly compared using the fan out of 4 as a metric.  For example, given two 64-bit adders, one implemented in a 0.5 µm technology and the other in 90 nm technology, it would be unfair to say the 90 nm adder is better from a circuits and architecture standpoint just because it has less latency.  The 90 nm adder might be faster only due to its inherently faster devices.  To compare the adder architecture and circuit design, it is more fair to normalize each adder's latency to the delay of one FO4 inverter.

The FO4 time for a technology is five times its RC time constant τ; therefore 5·τ = FO4.

Some examples of high-frequency CPUs with long pipeline and low stage delay: IBM Power6 has design with cycle delay of 13 FO4; clock period of Intel's Pentium 4 at 3.4 GHz is estimated as 16.3 FO4.

See also

 Logical effort
 Fan-in

References

External links
Logical Effort Revisited
Revisiting the FO4 Metric // RWT, Aug 15, 2002
 David Harris, Slides on Logical Effort – with a succinct example of design using FO4 inverters (p. 19).
  MS Hrishikesh, The Optimal Logic Depth Per Pipeline Stage is 6 to 8 FO4 Inverter Delays // ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News. Vol. 30. No. 2. IEEE Computer Society, 2002

Electronic design
John Littleton Dawson

John Littleton Dawson (February 7, 1813 – September 18, 1870) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

Early life and education
Dawson was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Brownsville, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Washington College with a degree in law, was granted admission to the bar in 1835, and ran a small law practice. He served as deputy attorney general for Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in 1838, and as district attorney for the western district of Pennsylvania from 1845 until 1848.

Political career
In 1848 he unsuccessfully ran for congress as a Democrat, but on subsequent attempts he was elected and served in the 32nd and 33rd congresses, from March 4, 1851, until March 3, 1855, when he stepped down, declining the nomination for the next term. While serving as a congressman he was the chairman of the Committee on Agriculture.

During his time away from congress, President Franklin Pierce offered him the governorship of Kansas Territory, but he declined so that he could run for congress again, which he was elected to again in 1863, and served on the 38th and 39th congresses from March 4, 1863, until March 3, 1867.  His vote on the Thirteenth Amendment is recorded as nay.

He was a delegate to Democratic National Convention from Pennsylvania, 1844, 1848, 1860, 1868.

He retired to his home in Springfield Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, where he died at age 57. He was interred at Christ Episcopal Churchyard in Brownsville.

In 1860 he was honored as the namesake of Dawson County, Nebraska, in what was then Nebraska Territory.

Sources

The Political Graveyard
Infoplease: John Littleton Dawson biography
Nebraska State Historical Society timeline  http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/timeline/dawson-john-l.htm

1813 births
1870 deaths
Washington & Jefferson College alumni
Politicians from Fayette County, Pennsylvania
People from Uniontown, Pennsylvania
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
United States Attorneys for the Western District of Pennsylvania
19th-century American legislators
Misra Records

Misra Records is an independent record label based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The label is distributed by Redeye Worldwide.

Founded in 1999, Misra Records is home to landmark releases by Destroyer, Phosphorescent, Shearwater, R. Ring (featuring Kelley Deal of The Breeders), Holopaw, Centro-matic, Jenny Toomey, Palomar (band), Great Lake Swimmers, Sleeping States, Southeast Engine, Crooks on Tape (featuring John Schmersal of Brainiac/Enon), Motel Beds and many more.

History
Michael Bracy, activist and co-founder of Future of Music Coalition, launched the label, along with brother Timothy Bracy, writer and front-man of The Mendoza Line, and D.C.-based attorney and artist advocate Paige Conner Totaro. Current Dead Oceans manager Phil Waldorf sat at the helm of Misra from its founding until late 2006. Cory Brown, owner of Absolutely Kosher, oversaw operations from 2007 to 2010. Leo DeLuca, of the band Southeast Engine, managed the label from 2010 to 2015. Jeff Betten, former manager of Wild Kindness Records, is the current manager of Misra.

Artists

 André Costello
 Bablicon
 Bears
 The Black Swans
 The Bruces
 Centro-Matic
 Crooks on Tape (featuring John Schmersal of Brainiac/Enon)
 Destroyer
 Evangelicals
 Flotation Toy Warning
 Great Lake Swimmers
 Hallelujah the Hills
 Holopaw
 Mars Jackson
 Will Johnson
 The Low Lows
 Marshmallow Coast
 William Matheny
 The Mendoza Line
 Mobius Band
 Modern Howls
 Motel Beds
 Palomar
 Paperhaus
 The Paranoid Style
 Phosphorescent
 Emily Rodgers
 R. Ring (Kelley Deal & Mike Montgomery)
 Shearwater
 Sleeping States (Markland Starkie)
 Slow Dazzle
 South San Gabriel
 Southeast Engine
 St. Thomas
 Summer Hymns
 Anthonie Tonnon
 Jenny Toomey
 Torres
 Adam Torres
 Volcano the Bear
 Water Liars
 Wooden Wand

See also
 List of record labels

References

External links
Official website
Redeye Worldwide
Sub Pop Licensing
Interview with Misra co-owner Michael Bracy of The Future of Music Coalition

American record labels
Record labels established in 1999
Indie rock record labels
1999 establishments in Pennsylvania
Grigorije

Grigorije () is a Serbian masculine given name, a variant of Greek Grēgorios (, , English: Gregory) meaning "watchful, alert". It has been used in Serbian society since the Middle Ages. It may refer to:

Grigorije the Pupil (fl. 1186), author of Miroslav Gospel
Elder Grigorije (fl. 1310–1355), Serbian nobleman, Orthodox cleric and writer.
Grigorije Camblak (ca. 1365–1420), Eastern Orthodox cleric and Bulgarian and Serbian writer
Grigorije of Gornjak (fl. 1375–79), Serbian Orthodox monk
Grigorije Račanin ( 1639), Serbian writer
Grigorije Durić (1966), Serbian Orthodox bishop

See also
Gligorije
Grgur

References

Sources
 

Serbian masculine given names
Masculine given names
Nucleosys

Nucleosys was a video game developer based in Argentina specializing in the adventure genre.

History 
The company was founded in 2003 by Agustin Cordes and Alejandro Graziani. The studio' s first release was Scratches in 2006. After this release, Nucleosys rebranded as Nucleosys Digital Studio.

On July 15, 2009 Nucleosys was announced to be disbanding. On August 3, 2009 the studio announced via its official site that it would be closing its doors soon. Agustin Cordes later went on to found Senscape.

Games
Nucleosys's first project Scratches was released in North America on March 8, 2006.

Scratches (2006)
Scratches: Director's Cut (2007)
Risk Profile: Federal Cases (2008)
Untitled Project (unreleased)

About their final, untitled project, the only information ever released on the company's website was that it would have been a horror first-person adventure, taking place in a single location, over the course of one night, with several characters to interact with.

References

External links
Official website (defunct)
Nucleosys at MobyGames

Defunct video game companies of Argentina
Video game companies established in 2003
Video game companies disestablished in 2009
Video game development companies
2003 establishments in Argentina
2009 disestablishments in Argentina
Jean Taché

Jean Taché (b.  1698 –  April 18, 1768)  was a Canadian merchant and trader. He made his first trip to Canada in 1727 to deal in furs and engage in other business activities.  By 1730, he had become a permanent resident of the colony and was successful as a merchant and trader. He was also a militia captain in the government of Quebec.

France's surrender of the colony of Quebec in 1763 curtailed his business activities. Under the new British rule, he was one of the first Canadians to be called as members of the Grand Jury for the district of Quebec. In 1768, he received a commission as a notary but died shortly after. He had at least 10 children, and his descendents contributed to French-Canadian society during the 19th century.

References 

 

1698 births
1768 deaths
People from Tarn-et-Garonne
Pre-Confederation Quebec people
No. 1 Squadron RNZAF

No. 1 Squadron RNZAF was a New Zealand reconnaissance and patrol bomber squadron operating in the Pacific Theatre during World War II. After the war the squadron served in the transport and VIP role.

History
It was formed as the New Zealand General Reconnaissance Squadron in March 1940 with Blackburn Baffins, Vickers Vincents, and Vickers Vildebeest. The first commanding officer, Squadron Leader G.N. Roberts, arrived in May.  Due to the threat of German surface raiders against New Zealand shipping, these were replaced with Lockheed Hudsons during 1941.  After the outbreak of hostilities against Japan, the squadron was retained in New Zealand, but during 1943 re-equipped with Lockheed Venturas, and joined the other Hudson and Ventura squadrons of the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) in the South Pacific islands.

The squadron was based at Kukum Field on Guadalcanal during October and November before moving forward to New Georgia in November 1943.  In August 1944 the squadron returned to Guadalcanal, before serving at Green Island in October of that year until again returning to Guadalcanal in March 1945.  From May to June the squadron was based at Emirau. The squadron was disbanded, following VJ Day, in September 1945.

The squadron was reactivated as a reserve Territorial Air Force squadron in Auckland, flying Harvards and North American Mustangs, from 1948 to 1955.

It was re-formed in 1972 to provide a medium-range transport squadron within New Zealand, at Whenuapai and equipped with six of the RNZAF's Bristol 170 Freighter Mk 31s.  In 1977, 1 Squadron re-equipped with six Andover C.1s. The No 1 Squadron Standard was presented to the Squadron at a parade at Base Auckland on 17 February 1984. The parade was inspected by Sir Geoffrey Roberts CBE, AFC, LM (US) who had been the first CO when the Squadron was formed in 1941.

The squadron was again disbanded on 7 December 1984 and its Andovers taken over by No. 42 Squadron.

Wartime commanding officers
 Squadron Leader G.N. Roberts May 1940 – August 1941
 Squadron Leader G.H. Fisher August 1941 – July 1942
 Squadron Leader F.J. Lucas July–December 1942
 Squadron Leader C.L. Monckton December 1942 – March 1943
 Squadron Leader E.W. Tacon March–May 1943
 Squadron Leader H.C. Walker May 1943 – April 1944
 Squadron Leader K.C. King April–July 1944
 Wing Commander A.N. Johnstone August 1944 – January 1945
 Wing Commander A.A.N. Breckon February–June 1945

Commanding officers - after reactivation
 Squadron Leader P.R. Adamson – August 1972
 Squadron Leader C.F.L. Jenks – December 1973
 Squadron Leader G.A. Oldfield – April 1976
 Squadron Leader R.S. Holdaway - August 1976 
 Squadron Leader G.A. Oldfield – February 1977
 Squadron Leader I.J. Roberts - July 1977
 Squadron Leader K.A. Skilling - September 1977
 Squadron Leader R.S. Holdaway - February 1978
 Squadron Leader K.J. Wells DFC - January 1980
 Squadron Leader I.W. Collins - January 1982
 Squadron Leader K.L. Crofskey - July 1984

Notes

References
 

01
Squadrons of the RNZAF in World War II
Military units and formations established in 1940
Military units and formations disestablished in 1984
Ukraine at the 1994 Winter Olympics

Ukraine competed in the Winter Olympic Games as an independent nation for the first time at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway.  Previously, Ukrainian athletes competed for the Unified Team at the 1992 Winter Olympics.

Medalists

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Returning Olympians
 Viktor Petrenko (figure skating) – represented the "Unified Team" in 1992
 Oleksandr Bortiuk (bobsleigh) – represented the "Unified Team" in 1992
 Serhiy But (freestyle skiing) – represented the "Unified Team" in 1992
 Natalia Yakushenko (luge) – represented the "Unified Team" in 1992
 Yuriy Shulha (speed skating) – represented the "Unified Team" in 1992

Alpine skiing 

Women

Biathlon

Men

Men's 4 × 7.5 km relay

Women

Women's 4 × 7.5 km relay

 1 A penalty loop of 150 metres had to be skied per missed target.
 2 One minute added per missed target.

Bobsleigh

Cross-country skiing

Women

 2 Starting delay based on 5 km results. 
 C = Classical style, F = Freestyle

Figure skating

Men

Women

Pairs

Ice dancing

Freestyle skiing 

Men

Women

Luge

Nordic combined 

Men's individual

Events:
 normal hill ski jumping
 15 km cross-country skiing

Ski jumping

Speed skating

Men

Notes

References

Sources
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
 Olympic Winter Games 1994, full results by sports-reference.com

Nations at the 1994 Winter Olympics
1994
Winter Olympics
Oatmeal Crisp

Oatmeal Crisp is a breakfast cereal from General Mills. It consists of flattened oatmeal flakes glazed with a sugary coating. Discontinued, limited edition or limited market varieties of the original have included Oatmeal Crisp Almond, Oatmeal Crisp Apple Crisp, Oatmeal Crisp Crunchy Almond, Oatmeal Crisp with Hearty Raisins, Oatmeal Crisp Raisin, Oatmeal Raisin Crisp, Oatmeal Crisp Maple Brown Sugar, Oatmeal Crisp Maple Nut Flavour, Oatmeal Crisp Vanilla, Oatmeal Crisp Vanilla Yogurt.

References

General Mills cereals
Raging Speedhorn (album)

Raging Speedhorn is the eponymous debut album by the British sludge metal band Raging Speedhorn. Raging Speedhorn features an altogether different sound when compared to the band's later albums, leaning more towards nu metal rather than the sludge metal style featured in later material.

Track listing

Bonus Tracks (UK Enhanced Edition)
The Gush
Thumper (PC-CD ROM music video)

References

2000 debut albums
Raging Speedhorn albums
Nu metal albums by English artists
List of Roman Catholic archbishops of Sydney

This is a list of the bishops and archbishops of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney since 1842. The title also is the Catholic Primate of Australia.

List of bishops

List of archbishops

Auxiliary bishops

See also

Roman Catholicism in Australia
St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney

References

External links

 
Catholic Church in Australia
Archbishops of Sydney
Roman Catholic archbishops
Bishops
Las Piedras, Uruguay

Las Piedras is a city in the Canelones Department of Uruguay. As of the census of 2011, it is the seventh most populated city of the country.

Las Piedras is also the name of the municipality to which the city belongs.

Geography
The city is located on the east side of Route 5,  north of the border with Montevideo Department. Bordering La Paz to the south and Montevideo to the southeast, it belongs to the wider metropolitan area of Montevideo. The stream Arroyo de las Piedras flows by the city.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Las Piedras has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

History
Las Piedras was founded in 1744 under the name "San Isidro".

On May 18, 1811 the Uruguayan independence leader don José Gervasio Artigas led patriot forces to victory against Spain at the Battle of Las Piedras. While not the definitive event in the country's independence process, it marked a significant step towards the eventual establishment of an independent Uruguay.

It had acquired the status of "Pueblo" (village) before the Independence of Uruguay. Its status was elevated to "Ciudad" (city) on 15 May 1925 by the Act of Ley Nº 7.837.

Population
According to the 2011 census, Las Piedras had a population of 71,258. In 2010 the Intendencia de Canelones had estimated a population of 79,412 for the municipality during the elections.

 
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay

Places of worship
 Isidore the Laborer Parish Church (Roman Catholic, Salesians of Don Bosco)
 St. Adolph Parish Church in El Dorado (Roman Catholic)
 Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal Parish Church in San Isidro (Roman Catholic, Pilgrims of the Eucharist)
 St. Anthony of Padua Church in Pueblo Nuevo (Roman Catholic)

Sport
There is one professional association football team called Juventud de Las Piedras.

See also
 History of Uruguay#Struggle for independence, 1811–1828

References

External links
INE map of Las Piedras

Gallery

 
Populated places in the Canelones Department
Populated places established in 1744
1744 establishments in the Spanish Empire
Brunswick station

Brunswick Station may refer to one of the following places:

Australia
 Brunswick railway station, Melbourne
 Brunswick Junction railway station, Western Australia
 Fortitude Valley railway station, Brisbane, formerly known as Brunswick Street railway station

United Kingdom
 Brunswick railway station, Liverpool

United States
 Brunswick Maine Street Station, in Brunswick, Maine, United States
 Brunswick Nuclear Generating Station, North Carolina
 Brunswick Station, Maine, a census-designated place
 Naval Air Station Brunswick
 Brunswick station (Maryland), in Brunswick, Maryland, United States
Bistra

Bistra may refer to:

Name
Female's name in Bulgaria

Populated places
 Bistra, Silistra Province, a village in Silistra Province, Bulgaria
 Bistra, Targovishte Province, a village in Targovishte Province, Bulgaria
 Bistra, Croatia, a village in Zagreb County, Croatia
 Bistra (mountain) in North Macedonia
 Bistra (peak) in Kosovo
 Bistra, Alba, a commune in Alba County, Romania
 Bistra, Maramureș, a commune in Maramureș County, Romania
 Bistra, a village in the commune Popești, Bihor County, Romania
 Bistra, Črna na Koroškem, a village in Slovenia
 Bistra, Vrhnika, village and monastery in Slovenia

Rivers in Romania
 Bistra (Arieș), a tributary of the Arieș in Alba County
 Bistra (Barcău), a tributary of the Barcău in Bihor County
 Bistra (Bicaz), a tributary of the Capra in Neamț County
 Bistra (Mureș), a tributary of the Mureș in Mureș County
 Bistra (Sebeș), a tributary of the Sebeș in Sibiu County
 Bistra (Timiș), a tributary of the Timiș in Caraș-Severin County
 Bistra (Vișeu), a tributary of the Vișeu in Maramureș County
 Bistra Mică, a tributary of the Bistra in Neamț County
 Bistra Mărului, a tributary of the Bistra in Caraș-Severin County

See also 
 Bistrița (disambiguation)
 Bistro (disambiguation)
William Batchelder Bradbury

William Batchelder Bradbury (October 6, 1816 – January 7, 1868) was a musician who composed the tune to "Jesus Loves Me" and many other popular hymns.

Biography
He was born on October 6, 1816, in York, Maine, where his father was the leader of a church choir. He had a brother, Edward G. Bradbury.

He moved with his parents to Boston and met Lowell Mason, and by 1834 was known as an organist. In 1840, he began teaching in Brooklyn, New York. In 1847 he went to Germany, where he studied harmony, composition, and vocal and instrumental music with the best masters.

In 1854, he started the Bradbury Piano Company, with his brother, Edward G. Bradbury in New York City. William Bradbury is best known as a composer and publisher of a series of musical collections for choirs and schools. He was the author and compiler of fifty-nine books starting in 1841.

In 1862, Bradbury found the poem "Jesus Loves Me". Bradbury wrote the music and added the chorus: "Yes, Jesus loves me, Yes, Jesus Loves me ..."

He died on January 7, 1868, in Bloomfield, New Jersey (now Montclair, New Jersey) at age 51. He was buried in Bloomfield Cemetery in Bloomfield, New Jersey.

Works
He composed many tunes, including those for "He Leadeth Me"; "Just As I Am"; "Sweet Hour of Prayer" (attributed to William W. Walford, 1772–1850); "Savior, Like a Shepherd Lead Us" and "My Hope Is Built on Nothing Less", all of which can still be found in hynmbooks and songbooks today.

Publications
The Shawm (1853)
The Jubilee (1858)
Cottage Melodies (1859)
The Golden Chain (1861)
"Hold On Abraham!" (1862)
The Key-Note and Pilgrims' Songs (1863)
The Golden Censer (1864)
Golden Trio (1864)
Temple Choir and Fresh Laurels (1867)
Clairiona (1867) compilation of previous works

References

External links

 
 Free scores Mutopia Project
 More scores and biographical information at Hymnary.org
 

1816 births
1868 deaths
American male composers
Musicians from Montclair, New Jersey
19th-century American composers
People from York, Maine
Musicians from Maine
American hymnwriters
19th-century American male musicians
Ferdi Hartzenberg

Ferdinand Hartzenberg (8 January 1936 – 12 March 2021) was a South African politician and the second and last leader of the Conservative Party in South Africa between 1993 and its merger with the Freedom Front in 2004. He obtained a DSc (Agriculture) from the University of Pretoria.

Originally a maize farmer from Lichtenburg in the former Transvaal, Hartzenberg was Minister of Education from 1979 to 1982 in the government of PW Botha. He was then one of the more conservative members of the ruling National Party (NP).  Together with Andries Treurnicht and other NP members dissatisfied with increasing liberalism in the ruling NP, he left the NP in 1982 to found the right-wing Conservative Party (CP). Hartzenberg became deputy leader.

Hartzenberg became leader of the CP after Treurnicht's death in April 1993. This made him leader of the official opposition in the white chamber of the South African Parliament, a position he held until the first non-racial elections in April 1994.

The Conservative Party refused to take part in the general election of 1994 and thus lost any parliamentary representation. Without any national representation, the CP became marginalised, with the white right wing represented in parliament by Constand Viljoen of the Freedom Front. At the end of 2003, the CP merged with the larger Freedom Front and the Afrikaner Eenheidsbeweging to form a new party known as the Freedom Front Plus (FF+) which obtained 4 seats in the general election of 2004. Hartzenberg retired from politics following the merger.

References

1936 births
2021 deaths
People from Lichtenburg
Afrikaner people
South African people of German descent
National Party (South Africa) politicians
Conservative Party (South Africa) politicians
University of Pretoria alumni
Education ministers of South Africa
Perpetual motion (disambiguation)

Perpetual motion is motion that continues indefinitely without any external source of energy.

Perpetual motion may also refer to:

Music
 Perpetuum mobile, music characterised by a continuous steady stream of notes, usually at a rapid tempo
 Trois mouvements perpétuels, a piano suite by Francis Poulenc

Albums
 Perpetual Motion, an album by the Dave Weckl Band
 Perpetual Motion (album), an album of classical material played on the banjo by Béla Fleck along with an assortment of accompanists
 The Perpetual Motion, a 2005 album by French progressive death metal band The Old Dead Tree

Songs
 "Perpetual Motion", a song by Anthrax from Stomp 442
 "Perpetual Motion", a song by Atavistic	
 "Perpetual Motion", a song by Billy Miller and the Great Blokes	1982
 "Perpetual Motion", a song by Neal Arden	1960
 "Perpetual Motion", a song by Procol Harum from The Prodigal Stranger 1991
 "Perpetual Motion", a song by Veronica Falls	2013

Other uses
 "Perpetual Motion" (novella), a short story in the Viagens Interplanetarias series by L. Sprague de Camp
 Perpetual Motion (solitaire), a one-person card game
 Perpetual Motion (film), a 2005 film directed by Ning Ying

See also
 
 Perpetuum Mobile (disambiguation)
 Perpetual Motion Machine (disambiguation)
World FreeFall Convention

The World Freefall Convention celebrates the extreme sport of skydiving. The first convention was in 1990, in Quincy, Illinois, and it continued there through 2001.  From 2002 to 2006 it was held in Rantoul, Illinois. The event includes various other sports too, such as sky surfing, raft jumping and even naked jumps. The event was canceled in 2007 and 2008 due to personal reasons by the founder and has not been scheduled or held since.

Statistics 
In 1999 the convention drew 5,410 registrations, people from all 50 states and 52 different countries were included.  During a 10-day period there were over 65,000 jumps made.  Also there were 503 tandem jumps made, 84 AFS students passed, 393 kegs were given away and $30,855 was raised for various charities.

Registration 
Registration was $49 for jumpers, $24 for non jumpers, and included camping, seminars, hot showers, nightly entertainment, and beer.

Jumping Packages and Costs 
$79 for a single jump out of a hot air balloon
$39 for a single jump out of a helicopter
$170 for a standard ten pack standard jump package
$159 for a tandem jump (for first time jumpers)
$700 for a multi-day AFF school

Qualifications 
If you want to jump you will need a type "B" license or equivalent which is proof that you took the basic skydiving training and completed at least 50 jumps.  You will also need a USPA membership or equivalent foreign membership, which you can buy there for $8.

External links
World Free Fall Convention website
Festivals and Events at camels.com
Who killed the Magic of Quincy?, skyXtreme, Vol. 19, August/September 2001.
Wurth, Julie. "Death Arrives at Free-Fall Fest", The News-Gazette, August 4, 2002, retrieved 2019-03-09 

Quincy–Hannibal area
Charlie Wayman

Charles Wayman (16 May 1921 – 26 February 2006) was an English footballer.

Wayman, who was born in Chilton, Bishop Auckland, was a prolific centre-forward in the first decade after the Second World War. Newcastle United signed him from Spennymoor United in September 1941, while he was working as a miner at Chilton Colliery. He later formed a great partnership with Ted Bates at Southampton. In total, he played for five Football League clubs between 1941 and 1958. A knee injury forced his retirement from league football. He later coached Evenwood Town and became a sales manager for the Scottish and Newcastle brewery.

His brother, Frank, was also a professional footballer.

References

Obituary

1921 births
2006 deaths
Footballers from Bishop Auckland
Men's association football forwards
English men's footballers
Darlington F.C. players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
English Football League players
First Division/Premier League top scorers
Portsmouth F.C. wartime guest players
Association football coaches
Hungarosaurus

Hungarosaurus tormai is a herbivorous nodosaurid ankylosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Csehbánya Formation of the Bakony Mountains of western Hungary. It is the most completely known ankylosaur from the Cretaceous of Europe.

Discovery and naming
The species was named by Atilla Ősi in 2005. The generic name is derived from Hungary and the Greek sauros, lizard. The specific name honours András Torma, the amateur paleontologist who discovered the fossil site in 2000.

Four specimens of Hungarosaurus tormai are known, all collected from an open-pit bauxite mine near the village of Iharkút, Veszprém County, in the Bakony Mountains (Transdanubian Range) of western Hungary. The quarry exposes the Csehbánya Formation (which overlies the Halimba Formation, also Cretaceous in age), which is a floodplain and channel deposit consisting largely of sandy clays and sandstone beds. The specimen designated as the holotype is MTM Gyn/404 (in the collections of the Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum, Budapest, Hungary) and consists of 450 bones, including portions of the skull (premaxilla, left prefrontal, left lacrimal, right postorbital, jugal and quadratojugal, left frontal, pterygoid, vomer, the right quadrate and a fragment of the left quadrate, basioccipital, one hyoid), an incomplete right mandible, three cervical vertebrae, six dorsal vertebrae, ten caudal vertebrae, ossified tendon fragments, three cerival and thirteen dorsal ribs, five chevrons, the left scapulocoracoid, right scapula, portions of the right manus, a partial pelvis, and more than one hundred osteoderms.

Description
Hungarosaurus was a small nodosaur, measuring  in length and weighing . The skull of this dinosaur is estimated to have been 32–36 centimetres in length.

Phylogeny
Cladistic analysis on the taxon indicates that it is a derived member of the Nodosauridae, along with Struthiosaurus (another European nodosaurid).

Paleoecology
The exposure of the Csehbánya Formation that produced Hungarosaurus tormai has also yielded remains of bony fishes, turtles, lizards, crocodiles, and pterosaurs, along with teeth from a diminutive dromaeosaurid-like theropod and a Rhabdodon-like ornithopod.

See also 
 Timeline of ankylosaur research

References

External links 
 Hungarosaurus (with pictures) 
 Dinosaurier-Info (in German) 
 Hungarian Dinosaur Expedition (mostly in Hungarian) 

Nodosaurids
Santonian life
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Europe
Fossils of Hungary
Fossil taxa described in 2005
Ornithischian genera
Lawrence Simon

Lawrence "Larry" Mariano Simon (born 1977) is a former director of pediatric otolaryngology and current assistant clinical professor of otolaryngology at Louisiana State University.

Education and career
Simon was born and raised in Lafayette, Louisiana. He graduated from Louisiana State University with a degree in biochemistry. Following his graduation from LSU, he became obtained an MD and became a resident in otolaryngology at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. He then pursued fellowship in pediatric otolaryngology at Rady Children's Hospital in San Diego, California. Following training, for four years, Lawrence Simon worked in the field of academic medicine at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU. For two additional years he served as director of pediatric otolaryngology at Children's Hospital of New Orleans until he became a private practitioner in 2013 and became a director of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana by September 2017.

Dr. Simon is known for his service to Otolaryngology and Quality Pillar Advisory Councils and is a member of Annual Meeting Program and Practice Management Education Committees. Besides being a private practitioner, Simon does various civic duties. From 2018 to 2019 he served as president-elect of the Rotary Club of Lafayette-North and was reelected for a second term starting from 2019. He is also an elected chair of the Healthcare Campaign of the Acadiana branch of the United Way and is sitting on an Advisory Council of Ogden Honors College of Ogden College and Lafayette Animal Shelter and Care Center.

Awards and honors
Fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics
Fellow of the American College of Surgeons (2014)
Fellow of the American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy
Member of the American Medical Association

References

1977 births
Living people
American otolaryngologists
Louisiana State University alumni
Louisiana State University faculty
Fellows of the American College of Surgeons
People from Lafayette, Louisiana
PfSense

pfSense is a firewall/router computer software distribution based on FreeBSD. The open source pfSense Community Edition (CE) and pfSense Plus is installed on a physical computer or a virtual machine to make a dedicated firewall/router for a network. It can be configured and upgraded through a web-based interface, and requires no knowledge of the underlying FreeBSD system to manage.

Overview
The pfSense project began in 2004 as a fork of the m0n0wall project by Chris Buechler and Scott Ullrich. Its first release was in October 2006. The name derives from the fact that the software uses the packet-filtering tool, PF.

Notable functions of pfSense include traffic shaping, VPNs using IPsec or PPTP, captive portal, stateful firewall, network address translation, 802.1q support for VLANs, and dynamic DNS. pfSense can be installed on hardware with an x86-64 processor architecture. It can also be installed on embedded hardware using Compact Flash or SD cards, or as a virtual machine.

WireGuard protocol support 
In February 2021, pfSense CE 2.5.0 and pfSense Plus 21.02 added support for a kernel WireGuard implementation. Support for WireGuard was temporarily removed in March 2021 after implementation issues were discovered by WireGuard founder Jason Donenfeld. The July 2021 release of pfSense CE 2.5.2 version re-included WireGuard.

See also

 Comparison of firewalls
 List of router and firewall distributions

References

Further reading
 Mastering pfSense, Second Edition Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing, 2018. . By David Zientra.
 Security: Manage Network Security With pfSense Firewall [Video] Birmingham, UK: Packt, 2018. . By Manuj Aggarwal.

External links
 

2004 software
BSD software
Firewall software
Free routing software
FreeBSD
Gateway/routing/firewall distribution
Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media
Products introduced in 2004
Routers (computing)
Wireless access points
Scodie Mountains

The Scodie Mountains are a sub-mountain range of the Southern Sierra Nevada rising from the Mojave Desert, and located in Kern County, California.

Geography
The range lies in an east–west direction directly west of the desert town of Ridgecrest, and southeast of the Kern River Valley and Lake Isabella. The mountain range reaches an elevation of  above sea level at Cathie's Peak.

The range was named by the U.S. Forest Service for William Scodie, who established "Scodie's Store" (ca.1860) at the mouth of what is now named Scodie Canyon.

Kiavah Wilderness
The Scodie Mountains are home to the Kiavah Wilderness Area, managed by the Bureau of Land Management.

Natural history
The Scodie Mountains are an ecotone of Mojave Desert and Sierra Nevada flora, with plant communities differentiated by elevation.

They lie to the north of the Jawbone-Butterbredt Area of Critical Environmental Concern.

See also
Robbers Roost (Kern County, California) — NRHP site in the Scodie Mountains.

References

External links
BLM: official Kiavah Wilderness Area website

Mountain ranges of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Mountain ranges of the Mojave Desert
Mountain ranges of Kern County, California
Kern River Valley
Protected areas of the Mojave Desert
Protected areas of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Bureau of Land Management areas in California
Mountain ranges of Southern California
Landis

Landis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Arthur H. Landis, American science fiction and fantasy writer
Bill Landis, American baseball player
Carole Landis, American film actress
Charles B. Landis, U.S. Representative from Indiana
Charles K. Landis, American property developer in southern New Jersey
Cullen Landis, American film actor
David Landis, American politician
Evgenii Landis, Russian mathematician
Floyd Landis, American cyclist
Forrest Landis, American child actor
Frederick Landis, U.S. Representative from Indiana
Geoffrey A. Landis, American scientist and science fiction writer
James M. Landis, American lawyer, academic, and government official
James Nobel Landis, American electrical-power engineer
James P. Landis, soldier in the American Civil War and Medal of Honor recipient
Jean Landis, American aviator
Jessie Royce Landis, American actress
Jill Marie Landis, American romance author
Jim Landis, American baseball player
John Landis, American film actor and director
John D. Landis (urban planner), Professor of City and Regional Planning at the University of Pennsylvania
Joshua Landis, American scholar of the Middle East
Kenesaw Mountain Landis, U.S. Federal judge and Commissioner of Major League Baseball
Mark A. Landis, American art forger
Max Landis, American screenwriter
Merkel Landis, American lawyer and businessman
Michele Landis Dauber, American academic
Nina Landis, Australian actress
Agenparl

Agenparl is the press agency in Italy. It focuses on politics and it provides daily news coming from the Italian parliament. Articles published by the press agency are published in most Italian newspapers.

External links
 AgenParl

References 

Mass media companies of Italy
White-margin fin smooth-hound

The white-margin fin smooth-hound (Mustelus albipinnis) is a smooth-hound from the Gulf of California, off the coast of Mexico. The white-margin fin smooth-hound shark is slender, dark grey-brown in color, and grows up to 1.2 m (4 ft) long.

References
 
 

Mustelus
Endemic fish of Mexico
Fish of the Gulf of California
Fish described in 2005
Barzinjah

Barzinjah or Barzinja () is a town in Sulaymaniyah Province in Kurdistan Region, Iraq and has an elevation of 1,275 meters.

Notable people 

 Sultan Sahak

References

Populated places in Sulaymaniyah Province
Kurdish settlements in Iraq
All Saints Catholic College, North Kensington

All Saints Catholic College is a Roman Catholic co-educational secondary school situated in the North Kensington area of London, England.

It was formerly called Sion-Manning Catholic Girls' School until the change of name in September 2018 and subsequently became a co-educational school. It is part of a cluster of Catholic institutions located at St Charles Square which includes St Charles Catholic Primary School, St Charles Catholic Sixth Form College, St Pius X Church, various community centres and the Carmelite Monastery of the Most Holy Trinity.

The school educates boys and girls aged between 11 - 16, and has no sixth form.

History
Cardinal Manning had the vision to expand Catholic education in London but distrusted the Jesuits, who had already successfully established schools in Northern England. He acquired a plot of land North Kensington for St Charles College for Boys, a boarding which had been founded by the Oblates of St Charles Borromeo (see Ambrosians) in 1863, and it relocated there in 1874. The college was intended to prepare young men for the priesthood. The short-lived Kensington University College, also founded by Manning, was merged into the school as its "higher department". It closed in 1905 after 42 years in operation. Inspired by Charles Borromeo, Manning named the local parish St Charles, which covers present-day St Charles Square. The old buildings were taken over by the Sisters of the Sacred Heart who opened St Charles Teacher Training College and St Charles Demonstration School.

The training college was evacuated to Dorchester following the outbreak of World War II. The college buildings had been so badly damaged during the Blitz that the Sisters decided to move on to Roehampton where they were already running Digby Stuart College. The Archdiocese of Westminster took over the buildings in 1946 for redevelopment. St Charles Primary opened in 1954, followed by secondary moderns Cardinal Manning Boys School in 1955 and Cardinal Manning Girls School in 1958.

During the 1960s, Cardinal Manning Girls merged with a convent school founded by the Sisters of Sion at Chepstow Villas, Bayswater to form the present-day Sion-Manning School. Following a reorganisation of the Catholic education system within the archdiocese in 1990, Cardinal Manning Boys became St Charles Catholic Sixth Form College but remained on its site.

In September 2018, the school open as All Saints Catholic College with a new year 7 group of 150 students.

Notable former pupils
Nuala Quinn-Barton (b. 1952) - former fashion model, Film Producer
 Hayley Atwell (b. 1982) - actress
 Shanika Warren-Markland - actress
 Khadija Saye (1992–2017) - photographer

References

Catholic secondary schools in the Archdiocese of Westminster
Secondary schools in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Voluntary aided schools in London
Educational institutions established in 1958
1958 establishments in England
Louis A. Gottschalk



Louis August Gottschalk (August 26, 1916 – November 27, 2008) was an American psychiatrist and neuroscientist.

Gottschalk earned his M.D. at Washington University in St. Louis in 1943 and his Ph.D. from Southern California Psychoanalytic Institute in 1977.

He was the founding chairman of the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at University of California Irvine College of Medicine.

He gained national prominence by announcing in 1987 that Ronald Reagan had been suffering from diminished mental ability as early as 1980. He came to this conclusion by using the Gottschalk-Gleser scales, an internationally used diagnostic tool he helped develop for charting impairments in brain function, to measure speech patterns in Reagan's 1980 and 1984 presidential debates.

Gottschalk coinvented software that uncovered a link between childhood attention deficit disorder and adult addiction to alcohol and drugs. In 2004, at age 87, he published his last book, World War II: Neuropsychiatric Casualties, Out of Sight, Out of Mind.

In 2006, his son filed a suit alleging that Gottschalk had lost millions of dollars in an advance-fee scam.

Gottschalk died at his home on November 27, 2008.

Selected publications

Books

Articles

References

External links
Louis A. Gottschalk collected papers via Vanderbilt University

American neuroscientists
Washington University School of Medicine alumni
University of California, Irvine faculty
1916 births
2008 deaths
Sulaimania

Sulaimania may refer to:
Sulaimania (plant), a plant genus in the mint family (Lamiaceae)
Sulaimania (spider), a spider genus in the family Tetrablemmidae
 Sulaimania governorate, a governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan
Sulaymaniyah, a town in Iraq, capital of the Sulaimania governorate
 Sulaimania University, a public university located in the city of Sulaymaniyah
Edoardo Isella

Edoardo Isella D'Gómez Ventoza (born 9 October 1980), known as Edoardo Isella, is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a defender. He is known as one of the first Afro-Mexicans to debut for CD Guadalajara.

Early life
Isella was born in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas to a Afro-Honduran father and a Mexican mother.

International career
Isella was eligible to play for Mexico or Honduras at international level. He opted to represent the former after joining the youth academy of Mexican nationalist club Guadalajara. He managed to get an early call-up to the Mexico national football team by coach Enrique Meza after having a standout 2000–01 season with the Guadalajara first team.

See also
Afro-Mexicans

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
People from Tuxtla Gutiérrez
Footballers from Chiapas
Mexican men's footballers
Men's association football central defenders
Men's association football fullbacks
C.D. Guadalajara footballers
Tigres UANL footballers
Cruz Azul footballers
Chiapas F.C. footballers
Club América footballers
Premier League of Belize players
Ascenso MX players
Liga MX players
Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala players
Mexico men's international footballers
Mexican expatriate men's footballers
Mexican expatriates in Belize
Expatriate men's footballers in Belize
Mexican expatriate sportspeople in Guatemala
Expatriate men's footballers in Guatemala
Mexican people of Honduran descent
Surrey Ambulance Service

Surrey Ambulance Service was the ambulance service for the County of Surrey in England until 1 July 2006, when it was succeeded by a South East Coast Ambulance Service also covering Sussex and Kent.

See also
 Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom

External links
 Official website

Defunct NHS trusts
Health in Surrey
History of Surrey
Defunct ambulance services in England