alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Charles F. Johnson

Charles Fletcher Johnson (February 14, 1859 – February 15, 1930) was a United States senator from Maine and a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.

Johnson was nominated by President Woodrow Wilson on October 1, 1917, to a seat vacated by William LeBaron Putnam. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 1, 1917, and received commission the same day. Assumed senior status on April 30, 1929. Johnson's service was terminated on February 15, 1930, due to death.

Education and career

Born on February 14, 1859, in Winslow, Kennebec County, Maine, Johnson attended the common schools and Waterville Classical Institute. He received an Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1879 from Bowdoin College and read law in 1886. He was principal of the high school of Machias, Washington County, Maine from 1881 to 1886. He was admitted to the bar and entered private practice in Waterville, Maine from 1886 to 1911. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Maine in 1892 and 1894. He was elected Mayor of Waterville in 1893, but left that office in 1894. He was a member of the Maine House of Representatives in 1905 and 1907.

Congressional service

Johnson was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1910 and served from March 4, 1911, until March 3, 1917. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1916. He was Chairman of the Committee on National Banks (63rd United States Congress), Committee on Fisheries (64th United States Congress) and the Committee on Pensions (64th United States Congress).

Federal judicial service

Johnson was nominated by President Woodrow Wilson on October 1, 1917, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit vacated by Judge William LeBaron Putnam. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 1, 1917, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on April 30, 1929. His service terminated on February 15, 1930, due to his death while on a visit to St. Petersburg, Florida. He was interred in Pine Grove Cemetery in Waterville.

References

Sources
 
 

1859 births
1930 deaths
Bowdoin College alumni
Democratic Party members of the Maine House of Representatives
Democratic Party United States senators from Maine
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit
Mayors of Waterville, Maine
United States court of appeals judges appointed by Woodrow Wilson
20th-century American judges
People from Winslow, Maine
Cannon Park

Cannon Park is a suburb in the southwest of the City of Coventry, West Midlands, England. It can be accessed via the major roads Kenpas Highway (A45) or Kenilworth Road. The area has a sizable shopping centre of the same name (considered 'state-of-the-art' when it opened in 1977) which features food stores, shops and eateries. Tenants include a post office, Tesco, Wilko and Iceland.

The residential area of Cannon Park was developed between the late-1960s and mid-1980s and is considered to be one of the most prosperous districts of the city. The University of Warwick is located directly adjacent to Cannon Park. The suburb is served by Cannon Park Primary School located within it.

It is bounded by the suburbs of Canley to the north and west, Westwood Heath to the south, Cannon Hill to the northeast, and Gibbet Hill to the southeast.

The bus stop at the shopping centre is used as the stop and sometimes terminus for Megabus services to London, Leeds, Manchester and Portsmouth.

There are currently plans in place to demolish the current shopping centre, and replace it with a new one including a significantly larger Tesco Extra store, similar in size to the one at the Ricoh Arena, Coventry. It is currently unclear when such plans will be developed, as whilst receiving planning permission from the local authority, there has been significant opposition from local residents.

External links
Cannon Park Shopping

Suburbs of Coventry
High Stakes (TV series)

High Stakes is a British sitcom starring Richard Wilson that aired in 2001. It was written by Tony Sarchet. The second series remains unaired.

Plot
Nicholas Quinn, a former Treasury official, is the new chairman of an investment bank called Kendrick Maple, a company that is in need of modernising. The managing director is long-standing employee Bruce Morton and he is outraged by Quinn's attempt to modernise. Between them is young, high-flyer Greg Hayden, who often acts as a mediator.

Cast
Richard Wilson as Bruce Morton
Jack Shepherd as Nicholas Quinn
Jason O'Mara as Greg Hayden

Episodes

A second series of High Stakes was written and made and was due to air in winter 2001.

DVD releases
The first series and unaired second series was released on DVD in Region 2 (UK) on 14 May 2007, distributed by Acorn Media UK.

References
Mark Lewisohn, "Radio Times Guide to TV Comedy", BBC Worldwide Ltd, 2003
British TV Comedy Guide for High Stakes

External links 
 

2001 British television series debuts
2001 British television series endings
2000s British sitcoms
ITV sitcoms
Nemichandra

Nemichandra (fl. c. 975), also known by his epithet Siddhanta Chakravarty, was a Jain acharya from present-day India. He wrote several works including Dravyasamgraha, Gommatsāra (Jivakanda and Karmakanda), Trilokasara, Labdhisara and Kshapanasara.

Life
Nemichandra flourished around 975. He was popularly known as "Siddhanta-Chakravarti" (i.e. the Paramount Lord of the Philosophy).

He was the spiritual teacher of Chavundaraya and their relation is expressed in the 1530 inscription in the enclosure of Padmavati temple, Nagar Taluka, Shimoga district.

Nemichandra supervised the abhisheka (consecration) of the Gommateshwara statue (on 13 March 980).

Works

At the request of Chavundaraya, Nemichandra wrote Gommatsāra in 10th century, taking the essence of all available works of the great Acharyas. Gommatasara provides a detailed summary of Digambara doctorine.

He wrote Trilokasara based on the Tiloya Panatti, Labdhisara, Kshapanasara, Pratishthapatha and Pratishthatilaka. Abhaya-chandra (c. 1325) wrote a vyakhyana on Nemichandra's Triloka-sara. Indra-vama-deva wrote Trilokya-dipaka based on Nemichandra's Trailokya-sara, for Nemi-deva of the Puravata (or Pragvata) family.

Earlier scholars believed that Dravya-sangraha was also written by him, however, new research reveals that this compendium was written by Acharya Nemichandra Siddhantideva who was contemporary to the Paramara king Bhoja.

See also
Dravya (Jainism)
Buddhism

References

Citations

Sources

External links
 Chamundaraya and Nemichandra

Jain acharyas
Indian Jain monks
10th-century Indian Jain writers
10th-century Jain monks
10th-century Indian monks
Mercy (2000 film)

Mercy is a 2000 erotic thriller film directed by Damian Harris and starring Ellen Barkin. The movie was based on a novel written by David L. Lindsey.

Plot
Detective Cathy Palmer (Ellen Barkin) is on the trail of an elusive serial killer. During her investigation she meets Vickie Kittrie (Peta Wilson), who belongs to an exclusive club of women who engage in secret sessions of bondage and S&M. Matters become even more complicated when Palmer finds herself attracted to Kittrie, leading to a brief lesbian encounter. Palmer soon learns that each victim belonged to this club of prominent, sexually experimental women. In order to catch the killer, Catherine must trust Vickie to guide her through the dangerous and illicit underground.  One of the strange things that happens in this movie is when Mary (Karen Young, from "Jaws the Revenge" and "The Sopranos") ties down her doctor (Julian Sands) after he dresses up like her mother.  He tells her to act out her aggression by pretending he's her mother.  She bites his nearly nude body in several places and takes out a knife.

Cast
 Ellen Barkin as Detective Cathy Palmer
 Wendy Crewson as Bernadine Mello
 Peta Wilson as Vickie Kittrie
 Karen Young as Mary
 Danielle Marie Straus as Young Mary
 Julian Sands as Dr. Dominick Broussard
 Stephen Baldwin as The Mechanic
 Beau Starr as Lieutenant Fritch
 Marshall Bell as Gil Reynolds
 Bill MacDonald as Detective John Beck
 Stewart Bick as Detective Cushing
 Ellen-Ray Hennessy as Murial Farr
 Lara Daans as Dorothy Samenov
 Claire Burton as Sandra Moser
 Fulvio Cecere as Detective Leeland
 Michael Fletcher as Wendell
 Zehra Leverman as Terry Ross
 Linda V. Carter as Helena
 Melanie Nicholls-King as Jane
 Kevin Rushton as Clyde Barbish 
 Dorothy Bennie as Miss Dawes
 Doug Lennox as Mr. Kittrie
 Jacqueline McLeod as Mrs. Kittrie
 Lacey Von Erich as Vicki's Sister

References

Mercy (2000) at Yahoo! Movies
Mercy (2000) at The New York Times website

External links 
 
 

2000 films
2000s erotic thriller films
American crime thriller films
American independent films
American erotic thriller films
BDSM in films
Films based on American novels
Films based on thriller novels
Films set in Houston
Lesbian-related films
American serial killer films
Franchise Pictures films
Films produced by Elie Samaha
2000 LGBT-related films
American LGBT-related films
2000s English-language films
Films directed by Damian Harris
2000s American films
WEAC-CD

WEAC-CD, virtual channel 24 (UHF digital channel 35), is a low-power, Class A The Walk TV, and AMGTV-affiliated television station licensed to Anniston, Alabama, United States. The station is owned by Alabama Heritage Communications. WEAC maintains studio facilities on Highway 78 in Anniston, and its transmitter is located atop Coldwater Mountain in Oxford. The station is also currently available on 12 cable television systems, primarily across seven-county service area in eastern Alabama.

History

The station first signed on the air on December 29, 1994 as W24CB, which broadcast information for students, staff and visitors of Jacksonville State University. The station changed its call letters to WJXS-CA in 2002, as an affiliate of FamilyNet. On October 9, 2012, the station changed its call sign to WEAC-CA, and again to WEAC-CD on January 8, 2013.

In 2017, due to the eventual rebranding of FamilyNet, it’s affiliation changed to The Walk TV & AMGTV

Digital channel

Programming
In addition to FamilyNet programming, WEAC-CD also carries locally produced programs, including newscasts. WEAC-CD also carries sporting events including those from Jacksonville State University and local high schools. WEAC-CD currently produces more than 30 hours of original programming every week.

News operation
WEAC-CD presently broadcasts locally produced newscasts each week; the station does not produce any newscasts on weekends. WEAC-CD rebroadcasts its half-hour 9:00 and 10:00 p.m. newscasts Tuesday through Friday mornings at 6:00 and 7:00 a.m. In addition, the station produces a half-hour public affairs program, East Alabama Today, which airs 5:30pm on Tuesdays and Thursdays.

News team
News Anchors
 Carl Brady - anchor; weeknights at 9:00 and 10:00 p.m., also host of East Alabama Today
 Mike Stedham - anchor; fill-in

Weather team
 Chris Wright - meteorologist; weeknights at 9:00 and 10:00 p.m.
 Jon Holder - meteorologist; fill-in
 Sam Ford - meteorologist; fill-in

Sports team
 Gerhard Mathangani - sports director; sports anchor; weeknights at 9:00 and 10:00 p.m.
 Chase Robinson - sports anchor; fill-in
 Mickey Shadrix - host of Pigskin Roundup; also station manager
 Jon Holder - host of Pigskin Roundup

References

External links
 WEAC-CD official website
 

EAC-CD
Jacksonville State University
Television channels and stations established in 1994
Low-power television stations in Alabama
Strome, Alberta

Strome is a hamlet in east-central Alberta, Canada, within Flagstaff County. It is located on Highway 13, approximately  east of the City of Camrose. The hamlet was originally incorporated as a village on February 3, 1910. It dissolved to become a hamlet under the jurisdiction of Flagstaff County on January 1, 2016. Strome's name is believed to come from Stromeferry in Ross & Cromarty, Scotland.

History 
Strome began developing as a farming community in 1905. Max Knoll opened the first post office, under the name of Knollton, and set up the first general store. The name of the post office was changed to Strome on July 1, 1906. A hotel, a hardware store, and a church followed. Strome incorporated as a village on February 3, 1910.

Demographics 
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Strome had a population of 232 living in 112 of its 127 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of 260. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Strome had a population of 260 living in 113 of its 123 total private dwellings, a  change from its 2011 population of 228. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

See also 
List of communities in Alberta
List of former urban municipalities in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta

References

External links 

1910 establishments in Alberta
2016 disestablishments in Alberta
Designated places in Alberta
Flagstaff County
Former villages in Alberta
Hamlets in Alberta
Populated places disestablished in 2016
RHI

RHI may refer to:

 Renewable Heat Incentive, a payment system in the United Kingdom from 2011
 RHI Entertainment, former name of the American entertainment company Halcyon Studios, LLC. 
 Rhinecliff station, New York (Amtrak), RHI being the station code
 Rhinelander-Oneida County Airport, IATA code RHI
 Rhiwbina railway station, Cardiff, Wales; National Rail station code RHI
 Robert Half International
 Roller Hockey International
 RHI AG, an Austrian manufacturing company
1975 Palanca Awards

The 25th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country. 

LIST OF WINNERS

The 1975 winners were divided into six categories, open only to English and Filipino [Tagalog] short story, poetry, and one-act play:

English Division

Short Story 
 First Prize: Alfred A. Yuson, “Romance and Faith in Mount Banahaw”
 Leoncio P. Deriada, “The Day of the Locusts”
 Second Prize: Jose Y. Dalisay Jr., “Agcalan Point”
 Luning B. Ira, “Once Upon A Cruise: Generations and Other Languages”
 Cirilo F. Bautista, “The Man Who Made a Covenant with the Wind”
 Third Prize: Benjamin Bautista and Linda Ledesma, “A Summer Goodbye”
 Porfirio Villarin Jr., “Discovery”
 Leoncio P. Deriada, “The Dog Eaters”
 Mauro Avena, “The People's Prison”

Poetry 
 First Prize: Cirilo F. Bautista, “Telex Moon”
 Second Prize: Wilfredo Pascua Sanchez, “Adarna: Six Poems from a Larger Corpus”
 Third Prize: Ricaredo Demetillo, “The City and the Thread of Life”

One-Act Play 
 First Prize: Rolando S. Tinio, “A Life in the Slums”
 Second Prize: Paul Stephen Lim, “Password”
 Third Prize: Maidan T. Flores, “The Minerva Foundation”

Filipino Division

Maikling Kwento 
 First Prize: Jose Reyes Munsayac, “Ang Oktubre ay Buwan ng mga Talahib”
 Domingo G. Landicho, "Huwag Mong Tangisan Ang Kamatayan ng Isang Pilipino sa Dibdib ng Niyebe"
 Second Prize: Ave Perez Jacob, "Guwardiya"
 Benigno R. Juan, “Wala Nang Lawin sa Bukid ni Tata Felipe”
 Third Prize: Jun Cruz Reyes, “Mula Kay Tandang Iskong Basahan”
 Alfonso Mendoza, “Silang mga Estatwa sa Buhay ni Valentin Dacuycoy”

Tula 
 Special Prizes:
 Rolando S. Tinio, “12 Tula” 
 Jose Carreon, “Ang Pamumuno ni Abunnawa”
 Rosalinda Pineda, “Genesis at Iba pang Tula”
 Lualhati Alvero, “Isang Tungkal na Alabok”
 Mar. Al Tiburcio, “Nagbabalik ang Dakilang mga Gabi”
 Gloria Villaraza Guzman, “Namimintana Ako”
 Alberto S. Cruz, “Sino ang Bulag at Iba Pang Tula”
 Bienvenido Lumbera, “Sunog sa Lipa at Iba Pang Tula”
 Simon Mercado, “Tatlong Tula”
 Victor V. Francisco, “Tsinataklipan: Ugat ng Angkan”

Dulang May Isang Yugto 
 Special Prizes:
 Manuel Pambid, “Buhay Batilyo”
 Mars D. Cavestany Jr., “Isang Palabas”
 Bienvenido Noriega Jr., “Kulay Rosas na Mura ang Isang Pangarap”
 Benjamin P. Pascual, “Luha Para sa Yumao”
 Reuel Molina Aguila, “Sidewalk Vendor”

References

Sources
 

Palanca Awards
1975 literary awards
Matra MS80

The Matra MS80 was the fourth Formula One car produced by Matra (following the MS9, MS10 and MS11). The Ford Cosworth DFV-powered car (engine 3000 cc, estimated at around ) took Jackie Stewart to the Formula One World Championship title in 1969.

The car, designed under the direction of Gérard Ducarouge and Bernard Boyer, was built at Matra's Formula One base at Vélizy-Villacoublay in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, though the final completion with the Cosworth engine was done in the Tyrrell workshop of East Horsley near Ripley, UK. A major change from the MS10 was the location of the fuel cell, which was moved from behind the driver and placed in sidepods by the driver's hips, giving the car a slight 'Coke bottle' appearance. The rocker-arm front suspension was replaced by outboard springs, with a parallel link set up on the rear suspension. Apart from Ferrari cars, the Matra MS80 is the only non-British built car to win the Formula One World Constructors' Championship (the French-licensed constructor Renault, the Austrian-licensed constructor Red Bull and the German-licensed constructor Mercedes built their winning cars in the UK) as well as the only car built in France to help a driver win the World Drivers' Championship.

Although officially a Matra, it was run by the privateer Matra International team of Ken Tyrrell and, as such, remains the only car not entered by a works team to win the Formula One World Constructors' Championship as well as to help a driver win the World Drivers' Championship. The MS80 was one of the first F1 racing cars to be designed with "wings" for downforce to increase high-speed tyre grip. These were originally introduced into F1 in 1968. Due to some serious racing accidents with the flimsy 1969-type high wing constructions early in the racing season, like all 1969 F1 cars the MS80 was altered to use more sturdy lowered wings, directly attached to the car's body, later on.   
    
Only two MS80's were assembled in 1969, a third monocoque was built but remained un-assembled until the EPAF company made it a complete car in 2006. In a 2006 issue of Motor Sport magazine, Jackie Stewart referred to the MS80 as the nicest-handling F1 car he had ever driven.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

1 Includes 9 points scored using a Matra MS10 and 1 point scored using a Matra MS84.

References

External links

 Pictures of the MS80

Matra MS080
Formula One championship-winning cars
Carl Erhardt

Carl Alfred Erhardt (15 February 1897 in Beckenham, Kent, United Kingdom – 3 May 1988) was an English ice hockey player who captained the British national team to numerous international championships in the 1930s, including Olympic gold at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Erhardt was elected to the British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame in 1950, and was posthumously elected to the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame in 1998.

Early years 
Unlike most British hockey players of the era, Erhardt did not grow up in Canada. Rather, he learned the game of hockey while attending school in Germany and Switzerland as a boy. Erhardt was a passionate defenseman, sometimes playing in excess of 40 minutes each game. An excellent athlete, Erhardt also excelled at tennis, skiing and water-skiing, and founded the British Water Ski Federation.

National team success 

Erhardt was a member of the European and World Championship teams in 1931, the World Championship team in 1934 and 1935, and the captain of the team which won the European and World Championships, along with Olympic gold, in 1936. Of the twelve members of the 1936 team, Erhardt was one of only two that had not either been born or learned the game in Canada. Thirty-nine years old at the time, Erhardt is the oldest man ever to win an Olympic gold in ice hockey. The British defeated the prohibitive favourites, the Canadians, in capturing Great Britain's first and only gold medal in ice hockey.

Later life and honors 
After his Olympic success, Erhardt retired from hockey. He wrote a book in 1937 titled Ice Hockey, became a referee, and joined the council of the British Ice Hockey Association, of which he became a lifetime vice-president. Erhardt was elected to the British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame in 1950, and was posthumously elected to the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2012, the UK Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL) named one of its two newly introduced conferences after him.

See also 
 Ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics

References

External links
 
 Playing Games with the Nazis
 Carl Erhardt at Ice Hockey Journalists UK

1897 births
1988 deaths
British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
English ice hockey players
English Olympic medallists
Great Britain men's national ice hockey team coaches
Ice hockey players at the 1936 Winter Olympics
IIHF Hall of Fame inductees
Medalists at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Olympic ice hockey players for Great Britain
Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Sportspeople from Beckenham
Sportspeople from London
Sportspeople from Kent
IGPA

IGPA may refer to: 

 The Internet Gambling Prohibition Act, a 1999 bill in the US Senate to ban Internet gambling.
 Indice Global de Precios de Acciones a Chilean stock index.
WTZT-CD

WTZT-CD, virtual and VHF digital channel 11, branded on-air as ZTV11, is a low-powered, Class A Cozi TV-affiliated television station licensed to Athens, Alabama, United States. Founded on November 2, 1988, the station is owned by Jamie Cooper and wife Gloria, both of whom also host a morning show on the station. Despite its status as a Class A broadcaster, the station can be seen on numerous cable systems in northern Alabama.

Cooper began his broadcasting career with the Huntsville City Schools ETV unit in 1974. Some years later, he began doing human interest features on the newscasts of Huntsville ABC affiliate WAAY-TV (channel 31) under the name "The Country Rover". This led to another show on the station in the early 1990s, WAAY Too Early, a comedy-variety program, which he co-hosted with then-weather anchor Gary Dobbs. Cooper later left to be on his own, first brokering the show, now titled Cooper and Company, to Huntsville's WAFF-TV (channel 48) and later Florence's WOWL-TV (channel 15; now WHDF). The current version on his station features a variety of music, comedy, sports reports, and cooking segments.

WTZT-CD carries a mix of programming consisting of sports, movies, children's shows, religious programs, classic television reruns, home improvement programs, and a few other variety programs. The station also airs Cooper's Country Rover reports from the 1980s, repackaged into an hour of episodes; sometimes other locally produced programs air on ZTV-11 also.

Before Cooper purchased the station, it was owned by Athens Broadcasting, along with WVNN and WZYP radio stations, both longtime properties of the Bill and Mary Dunnavant family.

External links 

TZT-CD
Cozi TV affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1988
TZT
Drug wars

Drug war(s) may refer to:

Media
 Drug War (film), a Chinese-Hong Kong action thriller film
 Drug Wars: The Camarena Story, a 1990 TV mini-series based on Elaine Shannon's book Desperados and the Time article of the same name
 Drug Wars (video game), a turn-based strategy computer game

By country
 Bangladesh drug war, an ongoing campaign against alleged drug dealers and users by the government of Bangladesh
 Mexican drug war, an ongoing asymmetric low-intensity conflict between the Mexican government and various drug trafficking syndicates

 Philippine drug war, the drug policy of the Philippine government under President Rodrigo Duterte

United States
 War on drugs, a campaign, led by the U.S. federal government, of drug prohibition, military aid, and military intervention
 Miami drug war, a series of armed conflicts in the 1970s and 1980s

See also
 War on Drugs (disambiguation)
Thorhild, Alberta

Thorhild is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada within Thorhild County. It is located at the intersection of Highway 18 and Highway 827, approximately  north-by-east of the City of Edmonton.

Thorhild was formerly a village until April 1, 2009, when it dissolved and became a hamlet within the County of Thorhild No. 7. It originally incorporated as a village on December 31, 1949.  The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway paid $480 for the original townsite on July 16, 1914, and a Royal Mail Canada post office was immediately placed in the community.

Demographics 
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Thorhild had a population of 391 living in 173 of its 214 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of 531. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Thorhild had a population of 531 living in 244 of its 270 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2011 population of 488. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

See also 
List of communities in Alberta
List of former urban municipalities in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta

References 

Designated places in Alberta
Former villages in Alberta
Hamlets in Alberta
Populated places disestablished in 2009
Thorhild County
What Would You Do? (City High song)

"What Would You Do?" is a song by American hip hop trio City High. It was released in March 2001 as the lead single from their self-titled debut album (2001). The track was originally included on the 1999 soundtrack of the film Life, starring Eddie Murphy and Martin Lawrence. The version of the song on their debut album differs from that included on the Life soundtrack, as it features a sample of Dr. Dre's hit song "The Next Episode".

"What Would You Do?" peaked at number eight on the US Billboard Hot 100, number two in Australia and Ireland, and number three in the United Kingdom. The song was nominated for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in the 2002 edition of the Grammys but lost to Destiny's Child's "Survivor".

Content
The song, along with the accompanying music video, was likely intended as a motivational anthem for single parents dealing with poverty and especially acknowledging all the single mothers who feel forced into prostitution due to the need to support their children. It encourages them to keep strong and keep going on for the sake of their loved ones. However, it has also come under criticism for its victim-blaming approach, for example the verse where the woman is accused of making "tired excuses".

Track listings

US CD single
 "What Would You Do?" (album version)
 "What Would You Do?" (instrumental)
 "Caramel" (snippet)
 "Best Friends" (snippet)
 "Didn't Ya" (snippet)

UK CD single
 "What Would You Do?" (album version) – 2:50
 "It Ain't the Same" – 3:41
 "What Would You Do?" (X-Men vocal remix) – 4:22
 "What Would You Do?" (CD-ROM video) – 3:18

UK 12-inch single
A1. "What Would You Do?" (album version) – 2:50
A2. "What Would You Do?" (instrumental mix) – 2:48
B1. "What Would You Do?" (X-Men remix) – 4:22

UK cassette single
 "What Would You Do?" (album version) – 2:50
 "What Would You Do?" (X-Men vocal remix) – 4:22

European CD single
 "What Would You Do?" (album version)
 "What Would You Do?" (X-Men remix)

Australian CD single
 "What Would You Do?" (album version)
 "What Would You Do?" (X-Men remix)
 "What Would You Do?" (instrumental)
 "What Would You Do?" (video)

Credits and personnel
Credits are taken from the City High liner notes.

Studios
 Recorded at Trackhouse Recording Studios and Booga Basement (New Jersey, US)
 Mixed and mastered at The Hit Factory (New York City)

Personnel

 Robby Pardlo – writing, production
 Ryan Toby – writing, production
 Andre Young – writing
 Calvin Broadus – writing
 Brian Bailey – writing
 Wyclef Jean – production
 Jerry "Wonda" Duplessis – production
 Serge "Sergical" Tsai – mixing, engineering
 Joe Yannece – mastering

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

1999 songs
2001 debut singles
City High songs
Interscope Records singles
Song recordings produced by Jerry Duplessis
Song recordings produced by Wyclef Jean
Songs about parenthood
Songs written by Dr. Dre
Songs written by Ryan Toby
Songs written by Snoop Dogg
Chumak

Chumak () was a historical and traditional wagon-based  trading occupation in the territory of modern Ukraine in the  late Medieval and early Modern periods of history. It involved the delivery of goods (salt, fish, grain, and others) for the purpose of long-distance sales using carts (wagons) harnessed to oxen.

Chumaks developed as a merchant class facilitating the trade in salt from the areas of Halychyna as well as the coastal areas of  Black and  Azov Seas, in addition to other items.

They prospered until the end of the 19th century, when competition from railroads made longer trade-routes unprofitable. Chumaks transported goods in wagons pulled by two oxen paired with a yoke. The oxen were often of the Bessarabian breed.

Chumaks operated most commonly during the times of the Cossack Hetmanate (17th century), trading between the  Moscow state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Crimean Khanate, and Moldavia. Modernization marginalized traditional economic activity, and relegated Chumak traders to areas in western Ukraine with the lowest levels of service.

Influence on Ukrainian culture

The chumak way of life had great influence on Ukrainian folklore,  language, and overall  culture, due to the hardships and perils inherent in that trade.

In the Ukrainian language the Milky Way is called the Chumaks' Way. There is a Ukrainian surname Chumak.

Chumak traders featured prominently in Ukrainian folklore and fables. They feature in the literal as well as artistic works of Taras Shevchenko (1814-1861), of the Crimean-Armenian painter Ivan Aivazovsky (1817-1900), and in the song Ukraina by Taras Petrynenko (1953- ).

See also
 Zaporozhian Sich

References

External links
 Chumak's roads by A.Basargina, a senior scientist at the Belgorod State Museum of Folk Culture (YouTube)

History of salt
Historical economic occupations
Business occupations
Economic history of Ukraine
Future Thought Productions

Future Thought Productions is a creative animation studio that creates, produces or contributes to film, television, web and mobile animation. 

It is amongst the first studios in the world to have employed Macromedia's Flash software for the UNICEF television series Meena, with veteran Indian animator Ram Mohan in 2002. The show was a UNICEF effort to empower the girl child in South Asia and provide valuable education concerning problems related to the developing nation's children. The character has become a role model for girls in South Asia.

Thereafter, Future Thought was involved in a global effort to produce a series of public service announcements (PSAs) that would promote the prevention of HIV-AIDS through twenty comic, humorous shorts named The Three Amigos. The series has been a success throughout the world; it has been broadcast in over 20 languages, reaching several million youth aged 16 to 24. The Reverend Archbishop Desmond Tutu lent his support to the project. The series won the Golden Reel at the Chicago Film Festival and the Grand Festival Award at the Berkeley Film and Video Festival in 2004.

In 2006, Future Thought Productions contributed a 19-minute animated segment called That Darn Jesus (for the feature film Universal Remote), which is amongst the first known uses of Adobe's Flash software for the theatrical screen in full HD. Future Thought Productions have been involved in over twenty television, web and mobile projects in both Flash and 3D (computer generated animation) that have been broadcast in over 60 countries across North America, Europe and Asia since 1997.

Future Thought has won accolades at the Promax & BDA Awards (for a series of IDs produced for Nick Philippines), the Hollywood Film Festival (for Haptics, a 3D short film), and the Foyle Film Festival.

Future Thought has also been involved as a co-producer in the pre-school show OzieBoo!, which has distribution to 100 territories around the world. Future Thought's latest project Crime Time is a series of animated shorts with multi-platform distribution.

Productions

Crime Time
Bizarre Love Trangle
Feliz Navidad

External links
Future Thought Productions - official site
 
Future Thought Productions at the Internet Movie Database

References

Indian animation studios
Damien Adkins

Damien "Chipper" Adkins (born 9 March 1981) is an Australian rules footballer formerly with the Collingwood and West Coast Eagles Football Clubs in the AFL. He currently plays for the Frankston Football Club in the Victorian Football League.

Collingwood
Adkins was drafted by Collingwood with pick 50 in the 1998 AFL Draft. He played his first game for Collingwood in round 1, 2000. Adkins won a Rising Star nomination after collecting 19 disposals and kicking 2 goals in his third game, a match against Carlton in round 3, 2000.

Adkins played 18 of a possible 22 games in his debut season. However, injury and form saw Adkins play only 4 games between 2001 and 2002.

West Coast
After the 2002 season, Adkins was traded to the West Coast Eagles in return for Andrew Williams. Adkins played 32 games, including an elimination final, for the Eagles between 2003 and 2005. Adkins, for the second time in his career, missed selection for an AFL Grand Final when West Coast made the 2005 Grand Final.

Frankston VFL
Once Adkins left the Eagles at the end of 2006, he returned to Victoria to play in the VFL for Frankston, unfortunately the injury that ended his AFL career and the subsequent surgery was unsuccessful and he required further surgery and never made the field for Frankston.

Meeniyan Dumbalk United
After a couple of seasons in the VAFA with Collegians, Adkins return to his home football club MDU in 2010 where he played for a number of seasons with his mates.

External links 

1981 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Collingwood Football Club players
West Coast Eagles players
Living people
Frankston Football Club players
Leongatha Football Club players
Perth Football Club players
Gippsland Power players
James W. Bradbury

James Ware Bradbury (June 10, 1802January 6, 1901) was a United States Senator from Maine.

Born in Parsonsfield, Maine, he attended the common schools and Gorham Academy. After graduating from Bowdoin College in 1825, he became principal of Hallowell Academy and founder of the first normal school in New Hampshire, at Effingham, New Hampshire, in 1829.

He then studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Augusta, Maine, in 1830. There he was for a time editor of the Maine Patriot, and was prosecuting attorney for the county from 1834 until 1838.  He was a member of the Baltimore convention of 1844, which nominated James K. Polk for the presidency.

He was elected in 1846 as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1847, until March 3, 1853, when he declined to be a candidate for reelection (returning, at the close of his term, to the practice of his profession). While in the Senate he chaired the U.S. Senate Committee on Printing and the U.S. Senate Committee on Retrenchment. He was chairman of a select committee on French spoliations.

He served as a trustee of Bowdoin College in 1861 and was corresponding secretary of the Maine Historical Society and then president of that body from 1867 to 1887.

Upon the death of former Iowa senator George Wallace Jones in 1896, Bradbury became the last living person who served in the Senate during the 32nd Congress.

See also 
New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 83: First Normal School in New Hampshire

References

Sources

 
 Bio of James S. Bradbury: As found in Representative Men of Maine

1802 births
1901 deaths
Maine Democrats
Maine lawyers
Bowdoin College alumni
19th-century American newspaper editors
Democratic Party United States senators from Maine
People from Parsonsfield, Maine
People from Augusta, Maine
19th-century American politicians
James Bradbury

Jim or James Bradbury may refer to:

James W. Bradbury (1802–1901), United States Senator from Maine
James Bradbury Sr. (1857–1940), American character actor in D. W. Griffith's Abraham Lincoln (1930 film)
James Bradbury Jr. (1894–1936), American actor, son of above
Jim Bradbury (born 1937), British military historian

See also
James Bradberry (born 1993), American football cornerback for New York Giants
Thorsby, Alberta

Thorsby is a town in central Alberta, Canada. It is approximately  west of the Leduc on Highway 39. Pigeon Lake and Pigeon Lake Provincial Park are located  south of the community.

Demographics 
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Thorsby had a population of 967 living in 405 of its 442 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of 985. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

The population of the Town of Thorsby according to its 2017 municipal census is 1,015, a change of  from its 2015 municipal census population of 1,025.

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Thorsby recorded a population of 985 living in 394 of its 428 total private dwellings, a  change from its 2011 population of 951. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

Economy 
The Town of Thorsby is a member of the Leduc-Nisku Economic Development Association, an economic development partnership that markets Alberta's International Region in proximity to the Edmonton International Airport.

See also 
List of communities in Alberta
List of towns in Alberta
Rundle's Mission

References

External links 

1949 establishments in Alberta
Edmonton Metropolitan Region
Leduc County
Towns in Alberta
Roy H. Thorpe

Roy Henry Thorpe (December 13, 1874 – September 19, 1951) was an American salesman and Republican Party politician.

Early life and education 
He was born near Greensburg, Indiana, on December 13, 1874, and graduated from Greensburg High School. He studied pharmacy, medicine, and law.

Career 
As an evangelist, Thorpe was known as "the boy tramp orator of 1896". He worked as a salesman in Du Quoin, Illinois, from 1897 to 1904 and in Shenandoah, Iowa, from 1905 to 1919.

In 1919, Thorpe moved to Lincoln, Nebraska, still working as a salesman. On November 7, 1922, he was elected to the Sixty-seventh United States Congress to fill the seat left open by C. Frank Reavis who resigned to become a special war fraud prosecutor. He did not seek reelection in 1922, but attempted a comeback in 1924 but was defeated by John H. Morehead. He traveled as a sales organizer and later engaged in the insurance business.

Death 
He died in Lincoln on September 19, 1951, and is interred in Wyuka Cemetery.

References

External links

1874 births
1951 deaths
People from Greensburg, Indiana
Politicians from Lincoln, Nebraska
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska
People from Du Quoin, Illinois
People from Shenandoah, Iowa
Haymarket Books

Haymarket Books is a left-wing non-profit, independent book publisher based in Chicago.

History
Haymarket Books was founded in 2001 by Anthony Arnove, Ahmed Shawki and Julie Fain, all of whom had previously worked at the International Socialist Review. Its first title was The Struggle for Palestine, a collection of essays by pro-Palestinian activists including Edward Said. Haymarket aims, in Fain's words, "to be a socialist workplace in a capitalist world".

The name of the publishing house refers to the 1886 Haymarket affair, in which an explosion and ensuing gunfire at a labor demonstration in Chicago resulted in the deaths of seven police officers and at least four civilians. Eight anarchists uninvolved in the bombing were subsequently convicted of conspiracy, of whom seven were sentenced to death.

Haymarket was cited by Publishers Weekly on their list of fast-growing independent publishers in 2017 and 2018. As of 2019, Haymarket publishes 40 to 50 books each season.

Publications
Notable Haymarket authors include Michael Bennett, Noam Chomsky, Angela Davis, Eve Ewing, Naomi Klein, Arundhati Roy, Rebecca Solnit, Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, Howard Zinn, and Dave Zirin. In 2005 Haymarket published the sportswriter Dave Zirin's What's My Name, Fool?, a collection of essays on the relationship between sports and politics. In 2018 Haymarket published José Olivarez's poetry collection Citizen Illegal, which won the Chicago Review of Books award for best poetry and was shortlisted for the PEN/Jean Stein Book Award.

Haymarket is known for publishing "provocative books from the left end of the political spectrum."

References

External links

Publishing companies established in 2001
Book publishing companies based in Illinois
Companies based in Chicago
Small press publishing companies
Socialism in Illinois
Political book publishing companies
Otta (river)

Otta is a river in Innlandet county, Norway. The  river flows through the Ottadalen valley which includes the municipalities of Skjåk, Lom, Vågå, and Sel. The watershed of the Otta drains an area of  beginning in the Breheimen mountains and emptying into the large river Gudbrandsdalslågen. The Otta River is known for rafting. The rafting season begins in mid-May and lasts until the end of September. The Norwegian National Road 15 runs along the river for almost its entire course.

Course
The river technically begins at the lake Djupvatnet in Stranda Municipality which is in Vestland county, about  west of the border with Skjåk Municipality in Innlandet county. The river flows through the Billingsdalen valley heading to the east, including through several lakes including the Breiddalsvatnet, Skim, and Vågåvatn. After the Vågåvatn lake at Vågåmo, it enters the Ottadalen valley and heads to the southeast to the town of Otta in Sel Municipality. At Otta, the river joins the large river Gudbrandsdalslågen.

Name 
The name of the river is probably derived from the Old Norse verb ótta which means to "scare" or "terrify". The water of the river comes from glaciers, and the flooding of the river can be strong and fierce.

Media gallery

See also
List of rivers in Norway

References

Sel
Vågå
Lom, Norway
Skjåk
Rivers of Innlandet
Tilley, Alberta

Tilley is a hamlet in southern Alberta, Canada within the County of Newell. It is located approximately 22 km southeast of the City of Brooks and 78 km northwest of the City of Medicine Hat.

History 
Founded in 1910 during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway main line, Tilley was incorporated as a village on May 9, 1940. It dissolved from village status on August 31, 2013 to become a hamlet under the jurisdiction of the County of Newell.

Demographics 

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Tilley had a population of 318 living in 132 of its 144 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of 364. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

The population of Tilley according to the 2020 municipal census conducted by the County of Newell is 335, a decrease from its 2007 municipal census population count of  405.

As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Tilley had a population of 364 living in 139 of its 149 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2011 population of 352. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

Economy 
Tilley's main industries are agriculture (irrigated crop farming and livestock operations) and petroleum.

Attractions 
Amenities within Tilley include an arena, a curling rink, a community hall, and three parks.

Education 
Tilley Public School, operated by Grasslands Public Schools, serves students in kindergarten through grade 9.

See also 
List of communities in Alberta
List of former urban municipalities in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta

References 

2013 disestablishments in Alberta
Populated places disestablished in 2013
County of Newell
Designated places in Alberta
Former villages in Alberta
Hamlets in Alberta
Brent Hall

Brent Hall (born 7 January 1986) is an Australian rules footballer in the Australian Football League.

A big man, Hall was drafted by Collingwood in the 2003 National Draft. He was given time to develop at Williamstown during his first season at the club, but he did not show too much form. Used as a key position player at both ends of the ground in 2005 in the VFL, he was lucky to make his debut due to lack of height. Playing as a ruckman, he spent little time on the ground, having little impact.

He would be kept on the list in 2006 but did not manage to play any games for the club, and was delisted at the end of the year.

External links 
Brent Hall at the Collingwood Football Club website 

1986 births
Collingwood Football Club players
Living people
Williamstown Football Club players
South Fremantle Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
List of birds of the Sonoran Desert

This list of birds of the Sonoran Desert includes all bird species endemic to the Sonoran Desert, and related areas; (a few species listed are only "native" and have a larger continental range). They are retrieved from the List of birds of Yuma County, Arizona, though not exclusively.

Southwest region
The listed birds are based on the southern section of the Lower Colorado River Valley, from Yuma County and La Paz County, to the Bill Williams River, (and by extension to Needles, California/Topock, Arizona). The Colorado River borders the higher elevation Mojave Desert to the northwest (Needles and Las Vegas), the Colorado Desert–(extension of Sonoran Desert) on the southwest and west, and the deserts of the Sonoran Desert to the east, the Yuma Desert, Lechuguilla Desert, and the Tule Desert.

Bolded species are exclusive to the hottest deserts (southwestern Arizona; Baja California; northern Mexico; and the Carrizo Plain).

 Costa's hummingbird, Calypte costae
 Gambel's quail, Callipepla gambelii
 Black rail, Laterallus jamaicensis
 SW Ariz Sonoran desert, but also other locales.
 Greater roadrunner, Geococcyx californianus, (Extensive range beyond the Sonoran Desert)
 Gila woodpecker, Melanerpes uropygialis
 Gilded flicker, Colaptes chrysoides
 Vermilion flycatcher, Pyrocephalus rubinus
 Brown-crested flycatcher, Myiarchus tyrannulus
 Black-tailed gnatcatcher, Polioptila melanura
 Also ranges E and S into the Chihuahuan Desert, Texas and Mexico.
 Crissal thrasher, Toxostoma crissale, ranges S into Central Mexico
 Curve-billed thrasher, Toxostoma curvirostre
 Le Conte's thrasher, Toxostoma lecontei, Sonoran, and ranges into S Nevada–(locally: the Carrizo Plain, N of Los Angeles)
 Phainopepla, Phainopepla nitens
 Also ranges into California's San Joaquin Valley.
 Lucy's warbler, Oreothlypis luciae
 Exclusive in Sonoran Desert, Summer Range, (includes the Colorado River Valley, the Grand Canyon, and S Nevada).
 Abert's towhee, Melozone aberti, (–Sonoran Desert–)
 Black-throated sparrow, Amphispiza bilineata
Permanent breeding range, (but ranges E to Texas, and also Summer ranges to very S Oregon, very S Idaho).
 Yellow-headed blackbird, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
 Permanent in S Lower Colorado River Valley

Southeast region
The southeast Arizona region is defined by: 1–the mountains of eastern Arizona, extending into western and southwestern New Mexico; 2–the sky islands defined by the NW–to–SE trending mountain ranges (formerly of the Basin and Range geology), also called regionally the Madrean sky islands; and 3–the northernmost extension of the western spine mountain range of Mexico, the Sierra Madre Occidental (West). The result is a biome region particular to its: geographic locale, elevation, and proximity to flyways, namely for the mountains (of Mexico, the United States, and to Canada), and for the proximity to the Gulf of California, Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Ocean.

See also
 List of birds of Arizona

'birds
Sonoran
Sonoran Desert
Birds