Hermann von Eichhorn

(13 February 1848 – 30 July 1918) was a Prussian officer, later  during World War I. He was a recipient of  with Oak Leaves, one of the highest orders of merit in the Kingdom of Prussia and, subsequently, Imperial Germany. While serving as the military governor of Ukraine during the Russian Civil War, Eichhorn was assassinated by a Russian socialist.

Biography
 was born in  in the Province of Silesia (now Wrocław in Poland). His father  (1813-1892) was a  politician. Both of his grandfathers were notable politicians.
He joined the Prussian Army in 1866, and took part in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, and in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. He won the Iron Cross second class during the Franco-Prussian War. He rose through the ranks of the Prussian Army, being appointed chief of the staff of the VI Army Corps at  in 1897, commanding the 9th Division from 1901 to 1904 and the XVIII Army Corps from 1904 to 1912.  In 1912 he took command of the 7th Army Inspection, the peacetime headquarters for the Imperial German XVI, XVIII, and XXI Army Corps.

At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914,  was incapacitated because of an accident in May 1914, but he was able to play a part in the First Battle of Champagne, also known as the Battle of Soissons, at the beginning of 1915. He became the commanding general of the 10th Army on 21 January 1915, and commanded it until 5 March 1918. Under his command, the 10th Army engaged in the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes in East Prussia in February 1915. In August 1915, he took Kovno and afterwards the fortresses of Grodno and Olita, and continued his advance into Russia. He received the  on 18 August 1915 and the oak leaves to the  on 28 September 1915. On 30 July 1916, while remaining in command of the 10th Army,  became supreme commander of Army Group Eichhorn () based around 10th Army, which he commanded until 31 March 1918. On 18 December 1917,  was promoted to  (field marshal). On 3 April 1918, he became supreme commander of Army Group Kyiv (Heeresgruppe Kiew) and simultaneously military governor of Ukraine.

Death 
Eichhorn was assassinated in Kyiv by a member of the Russian Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, Boris Donskoy, who threw a bomb at the carriage carrying Eichhorn. Also killed was Eichhorn's adjutant, Walter von Dreßer. Donskoy was convicted of murder by a field military court and executed by hanging.

Eichhorn is buried in the  in Berlin.

Awards 
  Iron Cross
  2nd Class (1871)
 Oak Leaves (1895)
 Clasp (1915)
  1st Class
   Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian Empire), 3rd Class (31 August 1871)
   Prussian Order of the Crown, 1st Class (17 January 1904)
   Order of Philip the Magnanimous, Grand Cross with Crown (8 September 1905)
   Order of the Red Eagle, Grand Cross with Oak Leaves (20 August 1907)
   Ludwig Order, Grand Cross (15 September 1912)
    (18 August 1915), with Oak Leaves (28 September 1915)
   Military Order of St. Henry, Commander 2nd Class (25 October 1916)

Eichhorn was also awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Berlin on 18 February 1918.

Wilhelm II, German Emperor, decreed that one of the eight towers of Malbork Castle ( of the Teutonic Order) should be named after Eichhorn.  in the Marzahn-Hellersdorf district of Berlin was named after him during his lifetime.

Notes

External links
 Photo of Eichhorn and his adjutant
 

1848 births
1918 deaths
Military personnel from Wrocław
Military personnel from the Province of Silesia
Field marshals of the German Empire
Field marshals of Prussia
German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
German military personnel killed in World War I
Assassinated German people
Assassinated military personnel
German people murdered abroad
People murdered in Ukraine
Burials at the Invalids' Cemetery
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 3rd class
German Army generals of World War I
20th-century assassinated people