alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Classification of Indian cities

The classification of Indian cities is a ranking system used by the Government of India to allocate House Rent Allowance (HRA) to public servants employed in cities in India. HRA is also used by the Indian Revenue Service (IRS) to provide income tax exemptions. Cities are classified on the basis of their population, as recommended by the Sixth Central Pay Finance. Under the latest HRA city ranking scheme, most popular media and culture considers only Tier-X cities to be metropolitan in nature. These eight cities are considered India's "metros".

Current classification
Under the recommendation of the Seventh Central Pay Commission, the CCA classification was abolished in 2008. The earlier HRA classification of cities was changed from A-1 to X; A, B-1, and B-2 to Y; and C and unclassified cities to Z. X, Y, and Z are more commonly known as Tier-1, Tier-2, and Tier-3 cities, respectively. There are eight X cities and ninety seven Y cities.

On the basis of the 2011 census, two cities — Pune and Ahmedabad — were upgraded from Y to X and twenty one cities from Z to Y on 1 April 2014.

Historical classification
The cities were classified as follows before the Sixth Central Pay Commission's recommendations were followed in 2008. This classification was initially based on the recommendations of the Fifth Central Pay Commission of India in 1997. Chennai, New Delhi, Kolkata, and Mumbai were classified as A-1 cities. City statuses were later revised based on the results of the 2001 Census of India. Hyderabad was upgraded from A to A-1 status on 31 August 2007, and the same with Bangalore on 21 September 2007. The CCA classification was abolished in 2008.

Under the older HRA classification, most popular media and culture considered only A-1 cities to be metropolitan in nature, therefore India's "metros".

Population-based classification
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) classifies centres into six tiers based on population. The tables below show the classification.

See also
 List of cities in India
 List of million-plus agglomerations in India

References

Geographic classifications
Lists of cities in India

fr:Villes de l'Inde
All TV (Canada)

All TV () is a Canadian exempt Category B Korean language specialty channel. It is owned by Jang Sung Lee and was launched in September 2001.

All TV features a mix of local programming as well as foreign programming from Korea.  The foreign programming that airs on All TV comes from MBC.  Local programming is produced in All TV's state of the art broadcast centre which includes three studios, 10 video editing suites and sound recording facilities, and is located in the Korean Cultural Centre in Toronto.  The programs that are produced include a daily newscast, talk shows, cooking shows and a real estate program.

On January 18, 2019, the CRTC approved All TV Inc's request to convert All TV from a licensed Category B specialty service to an exempted Cat. B third language service.

ALL TV K

In July 2009, All TV launched KBS World on Rogers Cable.  Seabridge Media operated a similar service until early 2009 when the company shut down.  At that point All TV stepped in and launched their KBS World channel allowing the service to remain on the air in Canada.  In 2013, the channel was renamed All TV K.

Content agreement with SBS
In December 2010, All TV announced that they had signed a content agreement with Korean broadcaster SBS.  Programming from SBS began airing on All TV on December 13, 2010.

As of 2018, All TV no longer airs any programming from SBS.

All TV HD
On July 18, 2013, All TV launched All TV HD, a high definition simulcast of the standard definition feed.  It is currently available on Bell Fibe TV.

See also 
 All TV K

References

External links
  
 MBC America

Digital cable television networks in Canada
Korean-Canadian culture
Multicultural and ethnic television in Canada
Korean-language television stations
Television channels and stations established in 2001
List of Sinn Féin MPs

This is a list of Sinn Féin MPs.  It includes all members of Parliament elected to the British House of Commons representing Sinn Féin.  Members of the European Parliament, Dáil Éireann or the Northern Ireland Assembly are not listed.  Sinn Féin MPs practice abstentionism regarding the House of Commons and thus do not take their seats.

MPs elected since 1918

1 Elected in 1981 as "Anti H-Block/Proxy Political Prisoner"; formally began describing himself as a Sinn Féin MP in 1982.
2 Unseated on petition.
3Disqualified, re-elected, then unseated on petition.

Graphical representation

MPs elected in 1918 or before
In alphabetical order:

 By-elections was not held to fill the seats of those MP's who died before the 1922 UK general election, nor in the cases of individuals elected for more than one constituency.

References

Westminster Representatives

 
Sinn Fein
Sinn Fein MPs
Sinn Fein
Sidney Peterson

Sidney Peterson (November 15, 1905, Oakland, California – April 24, 2000, New York City) was an American writer, artist,  and avant-garde filmmaker. He attended UC Berkeley, worked as a newspaper reporter in Monterey, and spent time as a practicing painter and sculptor in France in the 1920s and 1930s.  After World War II, Peterson founded Workshop 20 at the California School of Fine Arts (renamed the San Francisco Art Institute), initiating filmmaking courses at the school.

Between 1947 and 1950 the workshop produced five films under Peterson's guidance that were influential on the burgeoning American avant-garde cinema, and significant artifacts of the San Francisco Renaissance. In the years that followed, Peterson worked as a consultant for the Museum of Modern Art, made a series of documentary films, penned a novel (A Fly in the Pigment, 1961) and a memoir (The Dark of the Screen, 1980), and worked at Walt Disney Productions as a scriptwriter and storyboard artist on the never completed sequel to Fantasia.

He died in New York City at the age of 94. Peterson's films are distributed by Canyon Cinema in San Francisco and The Film Makers Cooperative in New York City.

A 2007 comic strip by Dave Kiersh in Syncopated Volume 3 (Syncopated Comics, 2007) tells of his relationship with Peterson, who was a friend of Kiersh's grandmother.

On December 30, 2009, the Library of Congress named Peterson's The Lead Shoes (1949) to the National Film Registry.

Selected filmography
The Potted Psalm (1946) with James Broughton
Horror Dream (1947)
The Cage (1947)
The Petrified Dog (1948)
Clinic of Stumble (1948)
Mr. Frenhofer and the Minotaur (1949)
The Lead Shoes (1949)
Architectural Millinery (1954)
Man in a Bubble (1981)

References

External links
Canyon Cinema Cooperative
The Film-makers' Cooperative

American experimental filmmakers
1905 births
2000 deaths
Writers from New York City
University of California, Berkeley alumni
San Francisco Art Institute faculty
Film directors from New York City
Philly Pops

The Philly Pops is an American orchestra that is based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

History
Founded by presenter and producer, Moe Septee, and conducted from 1979 to 2013 by two-time Grammy Award-winning pianist Peter Nero, the Philly Pops plays orchestral versions of popular jazz, swing, Broadway songs and blues. David Charles Abell took over the positions of principal conductor and music director in 2020.

On October 4, 1999, the Philly Pops was designated as the official pops orchestra of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

The Philly Pops will cease operations after the 2022-2023 season. In 2023, former financial controller for the Philly Pops, Cheryl Lutts, was convicted of embezzling more than $280,000 from the organization, starting when she was hired in 2019.

The musicians of the Philly Pops have organized into the recently formed No Name Pops to continue the musical tradition of the Philly Pops.

References

External links

American jazz ensembles from  Pennsylvania
Pops orchestras
Musical groups from Philadelphia
Culture of Philadelphia
Orchestras based in Pennsylvania
Jazz musicians from Pennsylvania
Not with a Bang

Not with a Bang was a short-lived British television sitcom produced by LWT for ITV in 1990. It ran for seven episodes, each 30 minutes long. The show was a dark science fiction comedy, focusing on the end of the human race on Earth. The title comes from the last line of T. S. Eliot's poem The Hollow Men "not with a bang, but a whimper"; The concept for the series originates from a self-contained 1986 Radio 4 afternoon play of the same title, from which Mike Grady was the only cast member to reprise his role in the television series.

Premise
The pilot episode of Not with a Bang begins with a spoof episode of the iconic BBC show Tomorrow's World, (which is also a nod to the opening titles of apocalyptic drama series Survivors) where Judith Hann is presenting a story on how scientists have apparently isolated the hormone that causes aging in humans.  The chemical is then accidentally released from a vial and the effect spreads almost instantly, annihilating virtually all human life on Earth, turning people into little piles of an ash-like compound, before dissipating harmlessly.

The show then follows the plight of the four human survivors – three male, one female – who survive due to various far-fetched reasons – for example being sealed in a sound-proof booth during a pub quiz when the agent strikes the vicinity. The four characters are united by chance about one year after the event, and set up a base of operations in a country cottage. They then spend the next six episodes looking for other survivors, adjusting to life after the end of the world, and deliberating over the repopulation of the human race.

The show relies heavily on a small cast of esoteric characters, including:  rugby league fanatic Colin; everyman Brian, who comes closest to being the group's leader; and Graham and Janet, a bland couple who struggle over the issue of having children. Conversation between Graham and Janet frequently features Graham's reluctance and Janet's determination to have children, as well as Graham's extraordinarily low sperm count.

The pub name is never mentioned in the show and while an interior quiz advert does reference the Red Lion in Episode 1, there is also a V for Versus above that and you can just make out a H which would suggest they did not attempt to rename the pub as in an earlier shot of the outside of the pub you can see the White Hart sign, the shots from the outside are of the White Hart in the village of Bouth in Cumbria.

Cast
 Mike Grady as Graham Wilkins
 Josie Lawrence as Janet Wilkins
 Ronald Pickup as Brian Appleyard
 Stephen Rea as Colin Garrity
 Judith Hann as herself

References

External links
 Internet Movie Database
 Episode guide at the BFI website

1990 British television series debuts
1990 British television series endings
1990s British comic science fiction television series
ITV sitcoms
Post-apocalyptic television series
London Weekend Television shows
Apocalyptic television series
English-language television shows
Television series by ITV Studios
1990s British sitcoms
10 Song Demo

10 Song Demo is an album by the American musician Rosanne Cash. Released in 1996, it was her first album for Capitol Records. The album's first single, "The Summer I Read Collette", is a tribute to French novelist Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette. Its second and final single, "Western Wall", was covered by Emmylou Harris and Linda Ronstadt on Western Wall: The Tucson Sessions.

Critical reception

No Depression wrote that "her voice and person completely dominate, and even when the literary lyrics border on being sappy or overly articulate, the sheer force of Cash’s persona makes it work." Entertainment Weekly determined that "unlike, say, Bruce Springsteen, she knows that bare-bones doesn’t mean tuneless ... Demo's spare arrangements reinforce the sturdiness of her melodies."

Track listing
All songs by Rosanne Cash except as indicated.
"Price of Temptation" – 2:12
"If I Were a Man" – 3:20
"The Summer I Read Collette" – 3:28
"Western Wall" – 3:00
"Bells & Roses" – 3:04
"List of Burdens" – 3:04
"Child of Steel" (live) – 3:36
"Just Don't Talk About It" (Rosanne Cash, John Leventhal) – 3:48
"I Want to Know" – 3:17
"Take My Body" – 3:52
"Mid-Air" (live) – 2:37

Musicians
Rosanne Cash: Vocals, Acoustic guitar, Piano
Larry Campbell: Acoustic & electric guitar, Background vocals
John Leventhal: Acoustic & electric guitar, Bass, Keyboards, Percussion
Lincoln Schleifer: Bass, Percussion

References

1996 albums
Rosanne Cash albums
Albums produced by John Leventhal
Capitol Records albums
Demo albums
New Zealand top 50 albums of 2004

This is the list of the top 50 albums of 2004 in New Zealand.

Chart

Key
 – Album of New Zealand origin

External links
 The Official NZ Music Chart, RIANZ website

Top 50 Albums
New Zealand Top 50 Albums
Albums 2004
Seaspeak

Seaspeak is a controlled natural language (CNL) based on English, designed to facilitate communication between ships whose captains' native tongues differ.  It has now been formalised as Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP).

While generally based on the English language, seaspeak has a very small vocabulary, and will incorporate foreign words where English does not have a suitable word.

There are other similar special-purpose CNLs, including aviation English for aircraft, and the English–French hybrid PoliceSpeak for safety administration of the Channel Tunnel.

History
Seaspeak originated at the International Maritime Lecturers Association (IMLA) Workshop on Maritime English in 1985 in La Spezia (WOME 3), in a project led by Captain Fred Weeks, and was updated in the following years. 

After the MS Scandinavian Star disaster in 1990, in which communication errors played a part, an effort was made by the International Maritime Organization to update Seaspeak and the Standard Maritime Communication Vocabulary (SMCV). This resulted in the development of the Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP), which were adopted by the IMO as resolution A.198(22) in November 2001 at their 22nd Assembly.

Example phrase "Say again" 

A good example of the benefit of seaspeak is the use of a single short and carefully crafted phrase to replace a multitude of phrases.  Thus the phrase "say again" could replace any of the following:

 Could not hear what you said, please repeat!
 I did not understand, say that again.
 Too much noise, repeat what you said!
 I am having difficulty hearing what you are saying! Please repeat what you were trying to say.
 There is too much noise on the line – I cannot understand you.
 What did you say?

A simplified vocabulary also helps overcome static, since the phrase "say again" is always two words and three syllables, no matter how much it is blurred by that static.

References

See also 
 Basic English 
 Number of words in English
 NATO alphabet

External links 
 Prolingua, the company where Edward Johnson worked on SeaSpeak, AirSpeak, etc.

English for specific purposes
Naval signals
Asphodel Records

Asphodel Ltd ( Asphodel Records) was a San Francisco-based independent record label founded by musician Mitzi Johnson and Naut Humon in 1992.  The label is named after the mythological flower that grows along the banks of the River Styx in Hades.  The label had shut down as of January 2011.

Asphodel has a diverse catalog of releases with a prominent experimental thread in the genres of turntablism, electronica, ambient, illbient, electroacoustic, trip hop, spoken word, noise, techno, and lounge.

History

The label's first release was the self-titled debut by Johnson's band, Blue Rubies.

Naut Humon became the official Asphodel head of A&R in 1994.  Erik Gilbert, once served as the label's General Manager, before becoming the Vice President of Content at the Independent Online Distribution Alliance before Sony restructured to become The Orchard.

Asphodel was named as one of the "top 10 independent labels in the world" by Rolling Stone magazine in 1998.

Speaking on the legacy of Asphodel, [Erik] Gilbert underlined its uncompromising stance and approach: "Incredible artists, incredible albums. I am honoured and proud to have been involved with them. Nothing has since come close." For [Gregor] Asch, without Naut there would be no DJ Olive as we knew him and perhaps no illbient. "The label is Naut’s legacy really," he admits. "Quality sampling from emerging sounds on the meridian between the underground and the popular. A world class grasp of production and mastering while always pushing the boundaries of a surround performance experience."

As of January 2011, a message on the asphodel.com last snapshot reads, "Asphodel is now closed. Thank you for the love and support. Mitzi Johnson, San Francisco
January, 2011".

Artists

AGF.3 + SUE.C
Alexander Rishaug
Ann Magnuson
antimatter
Badawi
Biosphere
Blue Rubies
Broker/Dealer
Byzar
Christian Marclay
Curtis Roads
Daniel Menche
David Darling
Diamanda Galas
DJ Spooky
Fe-Mail
Fires Were Shot
Gregory Lenczycki
Iannis Xenakis
Invisibl Skratch Piklz
Iso Orchestra
Janek Schaefer
Jeff Greinke
John Cage
John Ward
Ken Nordine
KK Null
Laminar
Li Alin
Martin Ng, Oren Ambarchi, Tina Frank, Robin Fox
Maryanne Amacher
Mix Master Mike
Naut Humon
Otomo Yoshihide
Phil Crumar
Ray Guillette
Reinhold Friedl
Rhythm & Sound
Richard Devine
Robert Rich
Ryuichi Sakamoto
Single Cell Orchestra
Steve Roach
Sub Dub
The-Allies
Thomas Dimuzio
Tipsy
Ulf Langheinrich
Vidna Obmana
We™
World Standard
X-Ecutioners
Yasunao Tone
zeitkratzer
[The User]

See also
 Naut Humon
 List of record labels

References

External links
 Last snapshot of Asphodel.com
 Asphodel's MySpace Page
 Asphodel on YouTube

American independent record labels
Companies based in San Francisco
Music of the San Francisco Bay Area
1992 establishments in California
Mendelssohn Club

Mendelssohn Chorus of Philadelphia (formerly known as Mendelssohn Club of Philadelphia and Mendelssohn Club Chorus of Philadelphia) is a music institution in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded in 1874 by William Wallace Gilchrist, a major figure in the 19th century music of Philadelphia.   The chorus is currently under the direction of Dominick DiOrio (2020- ).  It was previously directed by Paul Rardin from 2015 to 2020, chair of the department of choral conducting at Temple University. Prior to Rardin's appointment, the chorus was led by Alan Harler from 1988 to 2015.

Discography
 Mendelssohn: A Midsummer Night's Dream (Eugene Ormandy recording)

References

External links
 

Music organizations based in the United States
Culture of Philadelphia
Musical groups from Philadelphia
Choral societies
Musical groups established in 1874
1874 establishments in Pennsylvania
One Mo Nigga ta Go

One Mo Nigga ta Go is the only solo studio album by former N.W.A member DJ Yella. It was released on March 26, 1996, 1 year after Eazy-E's death and is dedicated to him. The album cover shows close-up of Eazy-E's face and Yella himself at Eazy-E's grave.

Recording sessions took place at Audio Achievements in Torrance, California with Donovan "The Dirt Biker" Smith, who also provided mixing and co-production. Production was handled primarily by DJ Yella himself. The album features guest appearances from B.G. Knocc Out & Dresta, Kokane, Dirty Red, Traci Nelson and Leicy Loc. It spawned three singles: "4 tha E", a tribute song to Eazy-E, which peaked at #50 on the US Billboard Hot Rap Songs, "Dat's How I'm Livin'" and "Send 4 Me".

Yella never released any other solo material, and after the release he left the music industry to direct pornographic films until 2011, when he started working on a new album called West Coastin which currently has no information regarding the project since 2012. One of the reasons Yella made this album was to help raise money for college for nine of Eazy-E's children.

The album peaked at number 82 on the Billboard 200 albums chart and at number 23 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States.

Critical reception

The album was mildly received. AllMusic gave the album 3 stars while Bradley Torreano called it "a flop". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel's Cary Darling called it along with MC Ren's The Villain in Black (which was released two weeks later after the album's release) "ordinary by hard-core rap standards".

Track listing 

Sample credits
Track 4 contains elements from "Riding High" by Faze-O
Track 6 contains elements from "Gotta Find a Lover" by Roy Ayers Ubiquity
Track 8 contains elements from "Eazy-Duz-It" by Eazy-E
Track 10 is a cover of "Send for Me" by Atlantic Starr
Track 12 contains elements from "A Love of Your Own" by Average White Band and "Real Muthaphuckkin G's" by Eazy-E
Track 18 contains elements from "Moments in Love" by Art of Noise

Personnel
Antoine Carraby – vocals, producer, executive producer
Kevyn "Shaki" Carter – vocals (tracks: 2, 14)
Andre DeSean Wicker – vocals (track 4)
Jerry Buddy Long, Jr. – vocals (track 8)
Traci Nelson – vocals (track 10)
Arlandis Hinton – vocals (track 12)
Leicy Loc – vocals (track 16)
Mike "Crazy Neck" Sims – keyboards, guitar, bass
Stan Martin – trumpet, flugelhorn
Donovan "Tha Dirt Biker" Sound – co-producer, mixing, recording
Don "D-Dawg" Spratley – co-producer (track 18)
Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – mastering
David Michery – A&R, executive producer
Chuck Gullo – executive producer
Doug Haverty – art direction
Johnny Buzzerio – photography

Chart history

References

External links

1996 debut albums
Albums produced by DJ Yella
Alabama State Route 215

State Route 215 (SR 215) is a numbered state highway in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama.  SR 215 partially follows the former routes of U.S. Route 82 (US 82) and US 11.  The route stays almost completely within the city limits of Tuscaloosa.

Route description
The  highway is unusual in that it follows both a north–south and east–west routing (though it is signed as north–south for its entire route).  The highway follows the former routing of US 82 and formerly followed the former routing of US 11. Thus, it does not act as a true bypass for either route.  Even more strangely, the north–south section parallels US 82, an even-numbered (and therefore east–west) US highway, while the east–west section follows US 11, which is odd-numbered and thus follows a north–south route.

The north–south section is named Old Montgomery Highway and Greensboro Avenue while the east–west section was formerly routed on  University Boulevard.  In 2015, in order to divert traffic from the campus of the University of Alabama, the east-west segment of the route was removed from University Boulevard and diverted onto Veterans Memorial Parkway, which becomes 15th Street at its intersection with US 82.  The route changes direction at the intersection of Greensboro Avenue and 15th Street south of downtown Tuscaloosa.

Major intersections

References

External links

Alabama 215 Ends
Alabama 215 at Southeastroads.com

Transportation in Tuscaloosa, Alabama
215
Transportation in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
U.S. Route 11
U.S. Route 82
Rules of Travel

Rules of Travel is a studio album by singer-songwriter Rosanne Cash, released in 2003. It was her first album of new material in nearly seven years. On the track "September When It Comes," she is joined by her father Johnny Cash; Johnny Cash would in fact die in September 2003, making this one of the last recordings to be released during his lifetime.

Track listing

Musicians
Rosanne Cash: vocals, acoustic guitar
Johnny Cash: vocals
Steve Earle: vocals
Sheryl Crow: harmony vocals
Teddy Thompson: harmony vocals
Catherine Russell: Background vocals
John Leventhal: guitars, bass guitar, organ, wurlitzer, keyboards, percussion
Zev Katz: bass guitar, upright bass
Michael Rhodes: bass guitar
Doug Petty: organ
Danny Louis: organ
Larry Farrell: trombone
Rick Depofi: tenor saxophone
Tony Kadlek: flugelhorn
Shawn Pelton: drums, percussion
Dennis McDermott: drums, percussion
Matt Keeler: drums
Craig Northey: hand drum

Chart performance

References

2003 albums
Rosanne Cash albums
Albums produced by John Leventhal
Capitol Records albums
William Gilchrist

William Wallace Gilchrist (January 8, 1846 – December 20, 1916) was an American composer and a major figure in nineteenth century music of Philadelphia. He founded the Mendelssohn Club of Philadelphia in 1874.

Early life 
Gilchrist was born in Jersey City, New Jersey to William Wallace Gilchrist and Redelia Ann (Cox) Gilchrist.  At the age of eleven months he moved with his family to Philadelphia.  His father's business suffered during the Civil War, so young Gilchrist turned to the law and to business for his own living, but eventually decided to take up music as a career.

Career 
From 1865 to 1868 Gilchrist studied privately with Hugh Archibald Clarke, later a Professor of Music at the University of Pennsylvania.  With the exception of a short period in Cincinnati, Ohio (1871–1872), he lived in Philadelphia, where he was active as church organist, teacher, and leader of musical clubs. During this time was active as a baritone soloist at Holy Trinity Church on Rittenhouse Square and St. Mark's Church on Locust Street, soloist with the Handel and Haydn Society in productions of Messiah, Moses in Egypt and Judas Maccabaeus, and participant in a series of light operettas presented by the Amateur Drawing Room. In 1871 he was appointed organist and choirmaster at St. Clement's Church, and he drew the original Mendelssohn Club members from the choir there.

In 1882 Gilchrist won the Cincinnati Festival Prize for his setting of the 46th Psalm, for soprano solo, chorus, and orchestra  where the judges included Camille Saint-Saëns and Carl Reinecke. Among his other choral works are Ode to the Sun, Journey of Life, The Uplifted Gates, and Legend of the Bended Bow. He composed two non-programmatic symphonies, and some chamber music, including a nonet for piano, strings, flute, clarinet and horn.

In addition to Mendelssohn Club, Gilchrist also conducted the West Philadelphia Choral Society, the Germantown Choral Society, the Harmonia, the Harrisburg Choral Society and the Tuesday Club of Wilmington. He was organist and choirmaster at St. Clement's, Christ Church in Germantown, and at the Swedenborgian Church of the New Jerusalem. He was a founding member of both Music Manuscript Society and the American Guild of Organists. He was the head of voice instruction at the Philadelphia Musical Academy, and from 1893 to 1899 he conducted the Symphony Society of Philadelphia.
 
Gilchrist was one of the very few American composers of this period who did not study in Europe. His pupils included Anna Priscilla Risher.

Personal life 
His son, William Wallace Gilchrist, Jr. (1879-1926), became a painter of some note.

References

 Martha Furman Schleifer, William Wallace Gilchrist, 1846-1916: A Moving Force in the Musical Life of Philadelphia (Metuchen, NJ, and London: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1985).

External links
 

1846 births
1916 deaths
American male composers
American composers
Musicians from Philadelphia
Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey
Janet Maslin

Janet R. Maslin (born August 12, 1949) is an American journalist, best known as a film and literary critic for The New York Times. She served as a Times film critic from 1977 to 1999 and as a book critic from 2000 to 2015. In 2000, Maslin helped found the Jacob Burns Film Center in Pleasantville, New York. She is president of its board of directors.

Education 
Maslin graduated from the University of Rochester in 1970 with a bachelor's degree in mathematics.

Career
Maslin began her career as a rock music critic for The Boston Phoenix and became a film editor and critic for that publication. She also worked as a freelancer for Rolling Stone and worked at Newsweek.

Maslin became a film critic for The New York Times in 1977. From December 1, 1994, she replaced Vincent Canby as the chief film critic. Maslin continued to review films for The Times until 1999, when she briefly left the newspaper. Her film-criticism career, including her embrace of American independent cinema, is discussed in the documentary For the Love of Movies: The Story of American Film Criticism (2009). In the documentary, Entertainment Weekly critic Lisa Schwarzbaum recalls the excitement of having a woman as the lead reviewer at The New York Times. In a 2005 interview with Aaron Aradillas at Rockcritics.com, Maslin explained she quit reviewing films because she experienced burnout, expressing gratitude it ended when it did. Filmmaker Harmony Korine, whose directorial debut feature Gummo (1997) Maslin famously called "worst film of the year", noted how Maslin stopped working as a movie critic not long after.

From 1994 to 2003, Maslin was a frequent guest on Charlie Rose. Overall she made 61 appearances on the program.

From 2000 she worked as a book reviewer for The New York Times; from 2015 as a contributor as opposed to being their full-time critic.  Maslin continues to review books for the newspaper, albeit sparsely. Her latest review is for Dennis Lehane's novel Small Mercies, speculating it might be the author's last and concluding with "As epitaphs go, you could do a lot worse." Among her reviews are many enthusiastic discoveries of then-unknown crime writers, the first American assessment of an Elena Ferrante novel, and a 2011 essay on the widowed Joyce Carol Oates's memoir, A Widow's Story, which offended some of Oates's admirers.

References

External links
Janet Maslin at The New York Times - Archived articles written by Maslin.

"Janet Maslin" at Rotten Tomatoes – Includes links to full texts of reviews by Janet Maslin.
Interview with Janet Maslin. The Connection. Broadcast on WBUR (Boston), February 10, 2000. Accessed December 21, 2007. (RealAudio format.)
Rockcritics.com interview  – May 2005

1949 births
Living people
University of Rochester alumni
American film critics
American women film critics
American literary critics
American women literary critics
American music critics
American women music critics
Critics employed by The New York Times
People from Mount Pleasant, New York
American women journalists
Women writers about music
21st-century American women
Chen Jieyi

Chen Jieyi may refer to:

 Kit Chan ()
 Alvin Tan (blogger) ()
Alex Kindy

Alex Kindy, M.D. (January 8, 1930 – May 6, 2011) was a Canadian politician. Kindy was born in Warsaw, Poland.

His first attempt at entering federal politics was in the 1962 federal election when he ran as an "Independent Liberal" in the Quebec riding of Maisonneuve—Rosemont. He placed last out of five candidates (including the official Liberal candidate) and won 942 votes.

Kindy subsequently joined the Progressive Conservative party and attempted to win a seat from the Quebec riding of Sherbrooke running as "Alexandre Kindy" in the 1968, 1972 and 1974 elections, placing third on each attempt behind the Liberal and Social Credit candidates.

He subsequently moved to Alberta where he won the Tory nomination for Calgary East in the 1984 federal election and was elected to the House of Commons of Canada. He was re-elected in the 1988 federal election in what had become the riding of Calgary Northeast

Kindy was known for his anti-Communist views, and opposed the prosecution of Ukrainians and Balts in Canada accused of perpetrating Nazi war criminals during World War II. He and a fellow Tory MP, Andrew Witer, attempted in 1987 to delay the passage of legislation designed to allow the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in Canada.

Kindy remained a backbench supporter of the Brian Mulroney government until 1990 when the government attempted to pass the Goods and Services Tax into legislation. Kindy, David Kilgour, and Pat Nowlan all opposed the GST and voted against it in the House of Commons resulting in their expulsion from the Progressive Conservative caucus on April 10, 1990. Kindy continued to sit as a Progressive Conservative MP, though outside of caucus, until May 5, 1993, when he formally became an Independent. He ran for re-election as an independent candidate in the 1993 federal election, and although his stand against the GST was popular with his constituents, he was defeated, coming in fourth place behind Art Hanger of the Reform Party of Canada and the official Progressive Conservative candidate.

The publisher of Comrade J: The Untold Secrets of Russia's Master Spy in America after the End of the Cold War, a book which alleges Kindy was recruited as a spy for the Soviets, halted shipments of the book to Canada due to legal considerations. The book is based on recollections by Sergei Tretyakov, a Soviet spy in Ottawa.

References

External links
 

Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Independent MPs in the Canadian House of Commons
1930 births
2011 deaths
Jessy Schram

Jessica Schram is an American actress, model and singer. Her most notable roles include Hannah Griffith in Veronica Mars, Rachel Seybolt in Life, Karen Nadler in Falling Skies and Cinderella/Ashley Boyd in Once Upon a Time.

Early life
Jessica Schram was born in Skokie, Illinois to John and Kristie Schram. She was raised in Buffalo Grove, Illinois and graduated from Buffalo Grove High School in 2004. Schram modeled and appeared in television commercials as a child, and began performing in musical theatre at age 12. Schram moved to Los Angeles after graduation to pursue a career in acting.

Career 

Early in her career, she appeared in television commercials for Retin-A Micro and Kentucky Fried Chicken. Her first on-screen appearance was a role as Larissa in the episode "Number One Fan" of Nickelodeon's sitcom Drake & Josh. In 2005, she played Susan Davis on Hallmark Channel's Jane Doe series of television movies. She also appeared in four episodes of the television series Veronica Mars as Hannah Griffith, who becomes Logan Echolls' girlfriend. She has appeared in several guest starring television roles, including CSI: Miami, Without a Trace, House, Ghost Whisperer, Medium, The Mentalist and Boston Legal.

In 2008, she starred in the drama film Keith and appeared as Tracy in the comedy film American Pie Presents: The Naked Mile (2006). She was featured on Maxim magazine's website in their "Today's Girl" feature. In 2009, she was featured in a music video for J. R. Richards' song "A Beautiful End". Schram appeared in Tony Scott's action thriller film Unstoppable (2010), playing Darcy, the estranged wife of Chris Pine's character.

In 2011, Schram joined the main cast for the first season of the TNT science-fiction series Falling Skies. Her character was reduced to a recurring role in seasons two and three, then to guest appearances in season four. Between 2011 and 2016, Schram appeared in four episodes of the television series Once Upon a Time, playing Cinderella/Ashley Boyd. She reprised the role in the 2013 premiere of Once Upon A Time In Wonderland.

In 2012, she portrayed Christine Kendal on ABC's military drama series Last Resort. In 2015, Schram portrayed Cash Gray in the fourth season of musical drama series Nashville. She landed a role as Jennifer in crime thriller film Shot Caller (2017), which received generally positive reviews from critics. In December 2019, Schram was cast as Dr. Hannah Asher on the NBC's drama series Chicago Med Initially a recurring role in the series's fifth season that ended with the sixth season's premiere, she returned in season seven in a series regular capacity.

Schram is also a singer-songwriter and has toured with Chicago blues artist Joan Baby.

On June 18, 2023 Schram married longtime boyfriend Sterling Taylor in her hometown of Chicago.

Filmography

Television

Film

References

External links 
 

21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Chicago
American film actresses
American television actresses
Living people
People from Buffalo Grove, Illinois
People from Skokie, Illinois
Year of birth missing (living people)
Paul Hayward

Paul Cecil Hayward (11 January 1954 – 9 May 1992) was a professional rugby league footballer who played for the Newtown Jets between 1973 and 1978.

Sporting career
Paul Hayward played 73 first grade games for the Newtown Jets during his 6 seasons with the club, scoring 14 tries and kicking 43 goals. 

Originally a South Sydney junior league player from the Waterloo Waratahs club, he later represented a combined Sydney representative side that toured New Zealand in 1976 playing half-back. Paul Hayward had been selected to represent Australia as a boxer at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. Under the Olympic rules of that time, he was disqualified from competing after he turned professional.

Arrest and incarceration
Hayward was the brother-in-law of convicted criminal Neddy Smith. After the football season for 1978 had ended, Neddy Smith sent Hayward to Bangkok with Warren Fellows to arrange a shipment of heroin. On 11 October 1978, Hayward and Fellows were arrested at the Montien Hotel in Bangkok when a suitcase containing heroin was found in his room. He and Fellows were convicted in Thailand, alongside William Sinclair, for attempting to export 8.4 kilograms of heroin to Australia.

Paul Hayward received a 30-year sentence while Warren Fellows received life. Hayward was imprisoned in Lard Yao men's prison in Klong Prem Central Prison before being moved to Bangkwang. After being transferred back to Lard Yao he was released on 7 April 1989, after being granted a royal pardon. He returned to Sydney, via Perth shortly afterwards.

Decline and death
Hayward became a heroin user during his time in prison and contracted HIV.

On Saturday 9 May 1992, Hayward was home with his family when he collapsed in the bathroom about 3pm, a police spokeswoman said. Ambulance officers tried unsuccessfully to resuscitate him and he was announced dead on arrival at Canterbury Hospital. Later it was pronounced that he died of a heroin overdose. He was survived by his wife Gail and his three children.

References

Further reading
 Fellows, W., Marx, J., The Damage Done, Pan Macmillan Australia 1997, 

1954 births
1992 deaths
Australian drug traffickers
Australian people imprisoned abroad
Australian rugby league players
Criminals from New South Wales
Deaths by heroin overdose in Australia
Newtown Jets players
Prisoners and detainees of Thailand
Rugby league players from Sydney
Rugby league halfbacks
Black Cadillac (album)

Black Cadillac is Rosanne Cash's eleventh studio album, released on January 23, 2006. The album is dedicated to Cash's mother, Vivian Liberto, and father, Johnny Cash, both of whom died at the age of 71, hence the 71-second silent track at the end. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk album in 2007. This was Cash's last album for Capitol Records, a label Cash worked from 1996 to 2007. After that album's release, Cash left Capitol.

Track listing
All songs were written by Rosanne Cash, except where noted.
"Black Cadillac"
"Radio Operator" (Cash, John Leventhal)
"I Was Watching You"
"Burn Down This Town" (Cash, Leventhal)
"God Is in the Roses"
"House on the Lake" (Cash, Leventhal)
"The World Unseen"
"Like Fugitives
"Dreams Are Not My Home"
"Like a Wave"
"World Without Sound"
"The Good Intent" (Cash, Leventhal)
"0:71"

Musicians
Rosanne Cash: Vocals
Bill Bottrell: Guitars, 12-String Guitar, E-Bow Guitar, Mando Cello, Bouzouki, Background Vocals, E-Bow, Mixing
Benmont Tench: Organ, Wurlitzer Piano, Background Vocals
Bruce Fowler: Trombone
John Leventhal: Guitars, Bass, Dobro, Percussion, Mandolin, Keyboards, Piano, Producer, Engineer, Mixing
Shawn Pelton: Drums
Michael Rhodes: Bass
Kevin Breit: Mandolin, Acoustic Guitar
Catherine Russell: Harmony Vocal
Charley Drayton: Drums
Brian MacLeod: Drums, Background Vocals
Dan Schwartz: Bass, Background Vocals
Jose Hernandez: Trumpet
Albert Wing: Tenor Saxophone, Clarinet
Tom Gloadly, Joe Hogan, Mimi Parker: Engineering
Matt Shane: Mixing Assistant

Mastered by Ted Jensen

Chart performance

References

2006 albums
Rosanne Cash albums
Albums produced by Bill Bottrell
Albums produced by John Leventhal
Capitol Records albums
Country folk albums
Legal secretary

A legal secretary is a particular category of worker within the legal profession.

Background
In the practice of law in the United States, a legal secretary is a person who works in the legal profession, typically assisting lawyers. Legal secretaries help by preparing and filing legal documents, such as appeals or motions.  It is not unusual for a larger firm to place managerial duties on a particular legal secretary. Much like a paralegal, a legal secretary is responsible for locating relevant information for cases. This type of person would be called a "paralegal" in the UK.

In the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, a legal secretary is a secretary experienced in working for a law firm or in-house legal department. They assist by giving administrative support to lawyers and are significant members of a team of professionals who work together. The work of a legal secretary varies. They deal with a wide range of challenging legal and business issues, combining their skills with modern technology.

In Ceylon, it used to refer to the head of islands legal arms such as the Attorney General's Office and the Legal Draftsman's office during the British colonial period.

Educational background
There is no specific educational requirement in most U.S. states for legal secretaries.  However, unlike an administrative assistant, a legal secretary must be familiar with legal procedures. Many colleges and universities offer programs geared towards this career, however, there is not a degree associated with that of a legal secretary.  Rather, students are enrolled in existing legal courses, which have been established for those who wish to pursue a career in law, such as a lawyer or police officer.

In the UK, they provide secretarial and clerical support to solicitors, barristers and the law courts. Their primary responsibilities are to deal with correspondence and preparation of legal documents such as wills, divorce petitions and witness statements.  A legal secretary should have excellent secretarial skills together with a knowledge of law and legal procedures. They must be computer literate and have a good standard of English. People can acquire the legal skills they need through training companies, local colleges or some law firms are willing to train people themselves.

See also
Cabinet secretary or Department secretary

References

External links
 National Association of Legal Assistants

The Institute of Legal Secretaries and PAs

NALS... the association for legal professionals 
The Legal Secretary Journal - DEDICATED

Legal professions
Office and administrative support occupations
Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra

The Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra (PVCO) is a chamber orchestra that is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1991 by Daniel Spalding.

History and notable features
Composed of some of the Philadelphia region’s foremost musicians, the Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra was founded in 1991 by music director and conductor Daniel Spalding. Under his baton, the orchestra has performed numerous concerts in Center City Philadelphia, as well as in unusual venues throughout the region designed to reach new audiences.

The orchestra’s repertoire spans the Baroque to Modern eras. Programs often include new discoveries of less-known works, world premieres, and arrangements written especially for the Philadelphia Virtuosi, as well as standard repertoire, sometimes performed with creative visual effects such as special lighting or stage movement.

Since 1996, the Philadelphia Virtuosi has been in demand outside of its home city and is often on the road. The orchestra has performed at New York’s Lincoln Center, Weill Hall at Carnegie Hall, Columbia University’s Miller Theater, the Getty Museum in Los Angeles, the Kravis Center in West Palm Beach, Colorado’s Vilar Center, the Bermuda Festival, and on three extensive tours to South America.

In 2010, this ensemble made its debut in Mexico and in Europe at the Nomus International Festival in Serbia. In November 2014, the orchestra toured Russia, presenting sold out performances at Moscow’s Tchaikovsky Hall and Saint Petersburg’s Mariinsky Theater, where Spalding's pianist partner Gabriela Imreh often accompanied the orchestra. 

The Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra is also known for its series of recordings on Connoisseur Society, Arabesque, New World Records, New Ariel, and on Naxos. Its recording of the music of American composer George Antheil for the Naxos American Classics Series (including the enigmatic Ballet Mecanique) was the Editor’s Choice for Gramophone, chosen as CD of the week by BBC Radio 3 and the London Observer, and as one of the top 10 classical CDs of 2001 by the Chicago Tribune. A best-selling album in the United Kingdom, it was also among the best-selling CDs of Naxos in the United States.

Its CD of American composer Howard Hanson, also for Naxos, received the Third Annual Writers’ Choice Award for Best CD in 2006 from Positive Feedback Online, and a second CD of the music of George Antheil for New World Records also received positive reviews from the world press. PVCO’s most recent recording features world premieres of several works by American composer Jeffrey Jacob.

Listening
Art of the States: Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra

References
 Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra

Musical groups established in 1991
Culture of Philadelphia
Musical groups from Philadelphia
Orchestras based in Pennsylvania
1991 establishments in Pennsylvania
William H. "Dad" Martin

William H. Martin was a photographer and successful real photograph post card (RPPC) manufacturer starting in September 1908. In 1894, Martin took over a studio in Ottawa, Kansas. He used photocomposited trick photography and, in 1908, produced wildly exaggerated postcards for commercial trade. His range of cards were so popular that he went into the postcard business exclusively.

Within a few years, his trick photos made him wealthy. He sold the business in 1912, and founded the National Sign Company.

External links

 Story of Dad Martin, from the American Museum of Photography
 National Sign Consulting and Manufacturer - Kieffer & Co

American photographers
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
People from Ottawa, Kansas
Malaysia Federal Route 90

Federal Route 90, or Jalan Desaru and Jalan Teluk Ramunia, is a federal road in Johor, Malaysia. It connects Pengerang Highway, route 92 to Desaru. 4.9 km of this route is for Jalan Desaru

Route background
The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 90 starts at Bulatan Desaru roundabout near Desaru.

Features
 RAPID Pengerang Petrochemical Complex, the largest petrochemical plant in southern Peninsula Malaysia

At most sections, the Federal Route 90 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.

List of junctions

Jalan Desaru

Jalan Teluk Ramunia

References

090
List of genealogy databases

This is a list of genealogy databases and online resources that are not specifically restricted to a particular place, family set, or time period in their content.

List for general purposes

Comparison of notable databases for uploading family trees
Some of these also have social networking features.

See also

 Family History Research Wiki, handbook reference information and educational articles showing how to find ancestors

References