alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Pain (musical project)

Pain (typeset as PAIN) is a musical project from Sweden that mixes heavy metal with influences from electronic music and techno. The project started out as a hobby project for frontman Peter Tägtgren, whose idea was to fuse heavy metal with 1980s-inspired electro-industrial and techno influences. Tägtgren, who is also the vocalist/guitarist of Hypocrisy and producer of his own The Abyss studios, is the only current member.

History

Pain's self-titled debut was released in 1997, and since then Pain has released six more albums and a DVD. Starting with their second, all of Pain's albums have made the Swedish charts, thanks in large part to hit singles such as "End of the Line", "Shut Your Mouth", and "Same Old Song". In early February 2006, Blabbermouth.net reported that Pain had signed with Roadrunner Records. Currently, Pain is under the Nuclear Blast Records banner.
In 2008, Pain was on tour as a supporting performer for the Finnish symphonic power metal band Nightwish. During this tour singer Peter Tägtgren, drummer David Wallin, and bassist Johan Husgafvel were assaulted by a gang in Leipzig. Tägtgren received 10 stitches in his face, Wallin suffered a concussion and stitches to his head, and Husgafvel had his nose broken.

Pain supported Nightwish on the second half of their Dark Passion Play World Tour, along with Finnish pop rock band Indica, beginning with the first show in London, UK on 11 March 2009. Pain released their seventh album, You Only Live Twice, on 3 June 2011 via Nuclear Blast. They released their eighth studio album entitled Coming Home on 9 September 2016.

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

Video albums

Music videos

Members

Current members
Peter Tägtgren – vocals, all instruments on CD (1996–present)

Current touring musicians
David Wallin – drums (2003–present)
Jonathan Olsson – bass (2016–present)
Sebastian Svalland – guitars (2019–present)

Former touring musicians
Yngve "Saroth" Liljebäck – bass (1999-2005)
Mathias Kamijo – guitars (1999-2003)
Reidar "Horgh" Horghagen – drums (1999-2003)
Andrea Odendahl – guitars (2003-2007)
Alla Fedynitch – bass (2005-2007)
Marcus Jidell – guitars (2007)
André Skaug – bass (2007/2011)
René Sebastian – guitars (2007)
Michael Bohlin – guitars (2007–2016) 
Johan Husgafvel – bass (2007–2016)
Greger Andersson – guitars (2016–2019)

References

External links

 
 

Musical groups established in 1997
Swedish industrial metal musical groups
Swedish heavy metal musical groups
Swedish alternative metal musical groups
Nuclear Blast artists
Electronic rock musical groups
Metal Mind Productions artists
Electoral district of Upper Hunter

Upper Hunter is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. The seat is currently held by Dave Layzell for the National Party after he was elected at a by-election to replace Michael Johnsen.

Upper Hunter covers the entirety of Dungog Shire, Muswellbrook Shire, Upper Hunter Shire, Liverpool Plains Shire (excluding the area around Werris Creek), the northern half of Singleton Shire (including Singleton itself), northeastern Mid-Western Regional Council (including Bylong) and part of Mid-Coast Council.

History

In 1859, Upper Hunter replaced the Electoral district of Phillip, Brisbane and Bligh, established in the first Parliament in 1856. It had two members from 1880 to 1894. It was abolished in 1894 and largely replaced by Robertson and Singleton. In 1904 Robertson was abolished and Upper Hunter was recreated. It was abolished from 1920 with the introduction of proportional representation, but was recreated in 1927.

Upper Hunter is one of three electorates to have never been held by the Labor Party and always by the conservative side of politics since the abolition of proportional representation in 1927, the other two being Tamworth and Oxley. The Nationals have held the district without interruption since 1931.

Members for Upper Hunter

First incarnation 1856–1894

Second incarnation 1904–1920

Third incarnation 1927–present

Election results

References

Electoral districts of New South Wales
1859 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1859
1894 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies disestablished in 1894
1904 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1904
1920 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies disestablished in 1920
1927 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1927
Dungog Shire
Mid-Coast Council
Muswellbrook Shire
Singleton Council
Upper Hunter Shire
Nanorana

Nanorana is a genus of dicroglossid frogs. They are found in Asia, from the Himalayan region of northern Pakistan and northern India, Nepal, and western China east to montane southern China and southeast to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and northern Vietnam. Common names of these frogs reflect the complex taxonomic history of the genus (see below) and include Yunnan slow frogs (or simply slow frogs) and High Himalaya frogs (for the now-synonymized genus Altirana).

Taxonomy
The taxonomy of true frogs and their allies has been subject to numerous changes during the last decade and is not yet fully settled. Nanorana in particular has seen big changes. As currently delineated, Nanorana is a quite large genus with 28 species, resulting from considering Chaparana, Paa, and Feirana as junior synonyms. Currently these taxa may be recognized as subgenera, but their delineation is not entirely settled and not all species have been assigned to subgenera. Note, however, that species at one point placed in these (sub)genera might currently be placed also in genera other than Nanorana (Quasipaa, Ombrana, and Allopaa).

Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Nanorana:

References

 
Dicroglossidae
Amphibian genera
Amphibians of Asia
Taxa named by Albert Günther
Electoral district of Tweed

Tweed is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Geoff Provest of The Nationals. It is located in the Tweed Valley and eastern Tweed Shire, including Tweed Heads, Kingscliff, Fingal Head, Chinderah, Cudgen, Bogangar, Pottsville and Burringbar.

History
Tweed was first created with the end of multi-member districts in 1894. In 1904, it was abolished with the reduction in the size of the Legislative Assembly, after Federation.  The region was part of Richmond from 1904 to 1913, Byron from 1913 until 1988 when the district was renamed Murwillumbah. In 1999 the district was renamed Tweed.

Members for Tweed

Election results

References

Tweed
1894 establishments in Australia
Tweed
1904 disestablishments in Australia
Tweed
1999 establishments in Australia
Tweed
Tweed Heads, New South Wales
Electoral district of The Entrance

The Entrance is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly located on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia.

The Entrance represents the towns and suburbs of Bateau Bay, Berkeley Vale, Blue Bay, Fountaindale, Glenning Valley, Kangy Angy, Killarney Vale, Lisarow, Long Jetty, Mount Elliot, Niagara Park, Ourimbah, Shelly Beach, Somersby, The Entrance, The Entrance North, Toowoon Bay, Tuggerah, Tumbi Umbi and Wyoming.

Members for The Entrance

Election results

References

The Entrance
1988 establishments in Australia
The Entrance
Central Coast (New South Wales)
Electoral district of Tamworth

Tamworth is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by the Honourable Kevin Anderson MP of the National Party. In 2019 Anderson was sworn in as the Minister for Better Regulation & Innovation, with additional responsibility for Thoroughbred, Greyhound and Harness Racing codes in New South Wales.

Tamworth covers the entirety of Tamworth Regional Council, Gunnedah Shire, Walcha Shire and a small part of Liverpool Plains Shire around Werris Creek.

History
Tamworth was created in 1880 and it elected two members between 1891 and 1894.  In 1894, with the abolition of multi-member electorates, new electorates were established such as Quirindi, Bingara and Uralla-Walcha, and Tamworth became a single-member electorate.  Proportional representation was introduced in 1920 and Tamworth, along with Gwydir, was absorbed into Namoi.   In 1927 single-member electorates were re-established, including Tamworth.

Members for Tamworth

First incarnation 1880–1920

Second incarnation 1927–present

Election results

References

Tamworth
1880 establishments in Australia
Tamworth
1920 disestablishments in Australia
Tamworth
1927 establishments in Australia
Tamworth
New England (New South Wales)
Electoral district of Swansea

Swansea is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Hunter and Central Coast regions of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Yasmin Catley of the Labor Party.

Swansea is situated between Lake Macquarie and the Pacific Ocean in eastern City of Lake Macquarie and northeastern Central Coast Council. It includes Swansea and extends as far north as Valentine, Belmont North and Jewells and as far south as San Remo and Budgewoi.

Swansea was created in 1981 and has usually been held by Labor.

Members for Swansea

Election results

References

Swansea
Swansea
Electoral District of Swansea
City of Lake Macquarie
Electoral district of Southern Highlands

Southern Highlands was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1988 to 2007, named after the Southern Highlands. It was replaced by a recreated Goulburn electorate.

Members for Southern Highlands

Election results

References

Former electoral districts of New South Wales
1988 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1988
Constituencies disestablished in 2007
2007 disestablishments in Australia
Niederentzen

Niederentzen () is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

Geography
The village of Niederentzen was established between the Vosges and the Rhine on the left bank of the Ill, at an altitude of 205 meters. It has an area of 8.81 square kilometres.  It stretches between the Forest of the Thur and the vestiges of the . The wooded area is  and  is assigned to agriculture. The local climate is characterized by weak precipitation, 539 mm per annum on average, and an average annual temperature of 10.2 °C.

History
In this area a place called "Giessen" was discovered, along with tombs, jewels and ceramics dating from the first period of the Iron Age to the end of the Bronze Age.

The name (Nidern Enszheim 1276) is a contraction of "Nieder-Ensisheim" ("Nieder": lower). Niederentzen and Oberentzen were originally a single holding. In the thirteenth century, this holding was dissociated and Niederentzen became part of the territory of Murbach Abbey. In 1358, the village was taken by the Habsburgs, who gave it first to the lords of Hattstatt, and then, on their extinction (1585), to the Swiss noble family of Truchsess von Rheinfelden. Jean-Melchior Truchsess von Rheinfelden, who died in 1699, returned the property to the church. After the French Revolution, Niederentzen became part of Ensisheim.

During the nineteenth century, the American businessman Henri Castro offered lands in the state of Texas. Some inhabitants of Niederentzen responded and settled in Castroville and D'Hanis. This second city is currently twinned with Niederentzen; a portion of the village bears its name.

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of the village of Niederentzen was created in 1978 by M. Lucien Bilger, then mayor of the commune. It combines elements of the armorial bearings of the Hattstatt lords and the Truchsess nobles, illustrating the history of the village.

Administration

Demographics

See also
 Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

References

External links

 Town's official site (French)

Communes of Haut-Rhin
Electoral district of South Coast

South Coast is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It incorporates almost all of the City of Shoalhaven to the south of the Shoalhaven River, notably Nowra, Ulladulla and Milton.

Members for South Coast

Election results

References

External links

South Coast
Constituencies established in 1927
1927 establishments in Australia
Electoral district of Smithfield

Smithfield was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1988 to 2015. It was abolished in 2015 and largely replaced by Prospect.

Members for Smithfield

Election results

References

External links

Smithfield
1988 establishments in Australia
Smithfield
2015 disestablishments in Australia
Smithfield
Electoral district of Ryde

Ryde is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It includes the suburbs and localities of Denistone, Denistone East, Denistone West, Macquarie Park, Marsfield, Meadowbank, Melrose Park, Ryde, North Ryde, West Ryde; and parts of Eastwood and Epping.

It is currently represented by Jordan Lane of the Liberal Party.

History
Ryde was created originally in 1894 with the abolition of multi-member districts, from part of Central Cumberland and named after and including Ryde. It was abolished in 1904 with the downsizing of the Legislative Assembly after Federation, but recreated in 1913. In 1920, the electoral districts of Ryde, Burwood, Drummoyne, Gordon and Willoughby were combined to create a new incarnation of Ryde, which elected five members by proportional representation. This was replaced by single member electorates, including Ryde, Burwood, Drummoyne, Eastwood, Gordon and Willoughby for the 1927 election. Ryde was abolished in 1968, being partly replaced by Yaralla and Fuller. In 1981 Ryde was recreated from the part of the abolished district of Yaralla north of the Parramatta River and part of the abolished district of Fuller. In 1991, Ryde was abolished again, but in 1999, Gladesville and Eastwood were abolished and largely replaced by a fourth incarnation of Ryde and Epping.

In its previous incarnations, Ryde was a marginal seat that frequently traded hands between  and the conservative parties. In its current incarnation, Ryde was originally a safe Labor seat before a massive swing to the Liberals at a 2008 by-election made it a safe Liberal seat. Dominello currently holds it with a majority of 11.5 percent. On 17 August 2022, Dominello announced his plan to retire at the upcoming state election. At the election in March, the Liberal candidate, Jordan Lane, won by a two-party preferred margin of 50 votes. The result was so close, a recount was held on 15 April which increased Lane's margin to 54 votes.

Members for Ryde

Election results

References

External links

Electoral districts of New South Wales
1894 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1894
1904 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies disestablished in 1904
1913 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1913
1968 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies disestablished in 1968
1981 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1981
1991 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies disestablished in 1991
1999 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1999
Electoral district of Rockdale

Rockdale is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. Suburbs within the electoral district include Arncliffe, Banksia, Bardwell Park, Bardwell Valley, Beverley Park, Bexley, Bexley North, Brighton-Le-Sands, Dolls Point, Earlwood, Kogarah, Kogarah Bay, New South Wales, Kyeemagh, Monterey, Ramsgate, Ramsgate Beach, Rockdale, Sandrigham, Sans Souci, Turella and Wolli Creek.

It is represented by Steve Kamper of the Labor Party.

History
Rockdale electoral district was first created in 1927, with the breakup of the multi-member St George. In 1930, it was abolished and largely replaced by Arncliffe.

Rockdale Council sought a new electorate for Rockdale as early as 1937. In 1941, Arncliffe was abolished and replaced by a recreated Rockdale and Cook's River.

Members for Rockdale

Election results

References

Rockdale
Constituencies established in 1927
Constituencies disestablished in 1930
1927 establishments in Australia
1930 disestablishments in Australia
1941 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1941
Electoral district of Port Stephens

Port Stephens is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Kate Washington of the Labor Party.

Port Stephens includes most of the Port Stephens LGA (excluding  and ), and parts of southern Mid-Coast Council (including Hawks Nest and Tea Gardens).

History
Port Stephens was created in 1988, partly replacing Gloucester.

Members for Port Stephens

Election results

References

Port Stephens
Port Stephens
1988 establishments in Australia
Port Stephens Council
Politics of Newcastle, New South Wales
Electoral district of Port Jackson

Port Jackson was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It was created at the 1991 election, largely from the electorates of Balmain and McKell, and was abolished at the 2007 election being substantially replaced by the recreated electorates of Balmain and Sydney following a redistribution of electoral boundaries completed during 2004.

Members

Election results

References

Port Jackson
1991 establishments in Australia
Port Jackson
2007 disestablishments in Australia
Port Jackson
Electoral district of Penrith

Penrith is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales since 1973. It is represented by Karen McKeown of the Labor Party. It has been traditionally a safe  seat for most of its history but has had times where it has fallen to the Liberal Party.

Penrith includes the suburbs of Penrith, Emu Heights, Emu Plains, Glenbrook, Jamisontown, Lapstone, Lemongrove, Leonay, South Penrith and parts of Blaxland, Caddens, Cambridge Park, Castlereagh, Cambridge Gardens, Cranebrook, Kingswood and Werrington.

Members for Penrith

Election results

References

Penrith
1973 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1973
Electoral district of Peats

Peats was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1973 to 2007. It was replaced by Gosford for the 2007 state election.

Members

Election results

References

Peats
1973 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1973
2007 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies disestablished in 2007
Electoral district of Orange

Orange is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is a regional electorate that covers four local government areas in their entirety: the City of Orange, Cabonne Council, Parkes Shire and Forbes Shire. 

The seat has been held by Philip Donato since a by-election in November 2016. Donato was initially elected as a member of the Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party but resigned in 2022 and became an Independent.

History
The electorate of Orange was created in 1859. Between 1920 and 1927, Orange and Hartley were absorbed into Bathurst, which elected three members under proportional representation. In 1927, Bathurst, Hartley and Orange were recreated as single-member electorates.

The area leans strongly toward the National Party. The Labor Party hasn't held the seat since 1947, although it came close to winning at a 1996 by-election. The Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party won the seat at the 2016 by-election, after Andrew Gee resigned to successfully contest the federal electorate of Calare.

Members for Orange

First incarnation 1859-1920

Second incarnation 1927-

Election results

References

Electoral districts of New South Wales
1859 establishments in Australia
Orange
1920 disestablishments in Australia
Orange
1927 establishments in Australia
Orange
Electoral district of North Shore

North Shore is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, located on Sydney's lower North Shore. It is currently held by  MP Felicity Wilson.

History
North Shore was originally created as a five-member electorate with the introduction of proportional representation in 1920, replacing Middle Harbour, Mosman, St Leonards and Willoughby and named after the North Shore of Sydney Harbour.  It was abolished in 1927 and replaced by Lane Cove, Manly, Mosman, Neutral Bay, North Sydney and Willoughby.  It was recreated in 1981, replacing Kirribilli.

It was originally expected to be a very safe Liberal seat; northern Sydney has been the power base for the Liberals and their predecessors for over a century.  However, it was held by independents from 1981 to 1991—most notably Ted Mack from 1981 to 1988.  The Liberals did not take the seat until 1991, but have held it with virtually no difficulty since then.

While  frequently runs dead in northern Sydney, North Shore is very unfriendly territory for Labor even by northern Sydney standards. Labor has never tallied more than 37 percent of the two-party vote. In the last four elections, Labor candidates have been pushed into third place, and have struggled to get to 20 percent of the primary vote.

Members for North Shore

Election results

References

Electoral districts of New South Wales
1920 establishments in Australia
North Shore
1927 disestablishments in Australia
North Shore
1981 establishments in Australia
North Shore
Occidozyga

Occidozyga is a genus of frogs in the family Dicroglossidae found in southeastern Asia between eastern India, southern China, and Java. They sometimes go under the common name Java frogs or floating frogs.

Species
There are 13 species in this genus:

References

 
Amphibian genera
Amphibians of Asia
Dicroglossidae
Taxa named by Heinrich Kuhl
Taxa named by Johan Conrad van Hasselt
Electoral district of Newcastle

Newcastle is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales named after and including Newcastle. It is represented since the 2014 Newcastle by-election by Tim Crakanthorp of the Australian Labor Party.

The district takes in the eastern part of the City of Newcastle, including the parts of the suburbs from Hexham to Mayfield lying to the east of the Main North railway line, Broadmeadow, Hamilton South, Merewether Heights and Merewether and the suburbs further east, including central Newcastle and Hamilton. It also includes the Port Stephens Council suburbs of Fern Bay and Fullerton Cove.

History
Newcastle was created in 1859 from part of North Eastern Boroughs. It gained a second member in 1880 and a third member in 1889. With the abolition of multi-member electorates in 1894, it was divided into Newcastle East, Newcastle West, Kahibah, Waratah and Wickham. These changes to the electoral boundaries were debated. Newcastle was re-created in the 1904 re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90. It consisted of Newcastle East and part of Newcastle West. With the introduction of proportional representation in 1920, it absorbed Kahibah, Wallsend and Wickham and elected five members. With the end of proportional representation in 1927, Newcastle was split into the single-member electorates of Newcastle, Hamilton, Kahibah and Wallsend.

It has since been usually held by the Labor Party. This pattern was threatened in early 2007, when sitting member Bryce Gaudry lost his preselection to a former local newsreader, Jodi McKay. Gaudry opted to stand as an independent and as a consequence split the Labor Party's vote. Independent former Lord Mayor of Newcastle John Tate came close to winning the seat after preferences but McKay managed to hold on. Labor's previous margin of over 15% had been slashed to as little as 1.4%, making it one of Labor's most marginal seats.

At the 2011 New South Wales state election, Liberal Tim Owen defeated incumbent and one-term member McKay and popular Independent Tate, marking the first time the Liberals or their predecessors had won Newcastle as a single-member seat in over a century. This was one of many gains the Liberals made in what was previously Labor heartland.

Owen became an independent and moved to the crossbench on 6 August 2014 after accusations at the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC). He resigned from parliament on 12 August 2014 after evidence of corruption was uncovered. The Liberals opted not to contest the ensuing by-election, which saw Labor's Tim Crakanthorp reclaim the seat handily.

Members for Newcastle

Election results

References

Newcastle
Politics of Newcastle, New South Wales
1859 establishments in Australia
Newcastle
1894 disestablishments in Australia
Newcastle
1904 establishments in Australia
Newcastle
James Elmer

James "Jimmy" Andrew Elmer (born 8 May 1971 in Melbourne, Victoria) is a former field hockey striker from Australia, who was a member of the team that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney

He was nicknamed Jimmy by his teammates. Elmer made his senior debut for The Kookaburras in 1993. He played in every Champions Trophy since 1991, but always missed "the big ones", until the Sydney Games. There he finished his career after 102 international matches, in which he scored 30 goals.
 
James is currently captain for Doncaster in the Victorian Masters League A grade division. His team suffered a 5–4 loss to the Hawthorn Hockey Club in the 2012 grand final following extra time in a penalty goal shoot-out. James took the 4th of 5 penalties for his team, which was saved by the Hawthorn keeper Corey Blake.

References

 Profile on Hockey Australia

External links

1986 births
Australian male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for Australia
Olympic bronze medalists for Australia
Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players from Melbourne
Living people
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Field hockey players at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Sportspeople from Melbourne
21st-century Australian people
Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Sportsmen from Victoria (state)
Electoral district of Myall Lakes

Myall Lakes is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It was represented by Stephen Bromhead of The Nationals until his death in 2023.

Myall Lakes covers most of the former Great Lakes Council including Forster, Tuncurry, Bulahdelah, Nabiac, Failford, Pacific Palms, Smiths Lake, Bungwahl, Coolongolook and Wootton, as well as most of the former City of Greater Taree including Taree, Cundletown, Wingham, Tinonee, Old Bar, Krambach, Nabiac, Possum Brush and Hallidays Point.

History
Myall Lakes was created in 1988, partly replacing Gloucester.

Members for Myall Lakes

Election results

References

Myall Lakes
Myall Lakes
1988 establishments in Australia
Mid North Coast
Mid-Coast Council
Electoral district of Murrumbidgee

Murrumbidgee is a former electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, named after the Murrumbidgee River.

History

Until its abolition, Murrumbidgee and Parramatta were the only electorates to have existed continuously since the first Legislative Assembly election in 1856, although before 1913 it was called The Murrumbidgee. It elected two members between 1856 and 1859, one member between 1859 and 1880, two members between 1880 and 1885, three members between 1885 and 1894 and one member between 1894 and 1920. Voters cast a vote for each vacancy. Between 1920 and 1927, it absorbed parts of Lachlan and Ashburnham and elected three members under proportional representation. From 1927 until its abolition at the 2015 election, it elected one member.

At the 2007 election it included most of Junee Shire (including Junee, Wantabadgery, Harefield, Old Junee and Junee Reefs) Temora Shire, Coolamon Shire, Bland Shire, part of Lachlan Shire (including Condobolin, Lake Cargelligo and Burcher), Narrandera Shire, Leeton Shire, the City of Griffith, Murrumbidgee Shire and part of Carrathool Shire (including Rankins Springs and Carrathool).

Murrumbidgee was abolished at the 2015 election with the recreated electoral district of Cootamundra absorbing Junee Shire, Temora Shire, Coolamon Shire, Bland Shire and Narrandera Shire, the recreated electoral district of Murray absorbing Leeton Shire, the City of Griffith, Murrumbidgee Shire and Carrathool and the Electoral district of Barwon absorbing Lachlan Shire.

Members for Murrumbidgee

Election results

References

Former electoral districts of New South Wales
1856 establishments in Australia
Murrumbidgee
2015 disestablishments in Australia
Murrumbidgee
Battle of Westbroek

The Battle of Westbroek was a battle that occurred on 26 December 1481 between the armies of the prince-bishopric of Utrecht and the county of Holland. It was one of the last battles of the Hook and Cod wars. 

That war had already been won by the Cods and their Burgundian allies. In Utrecht, however, the Hooks revolted and seized the bishop, David of Burgundy at the outbreak of the Second Utrecht Civil War. Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I then won the bishop's freedom.

On 26 December 1481, Bishop David sent an army of 4,000 to 5,000 men to retake Utrecht. When his forces reached the village of Westbroek on the northern edge of Utrecht, they burned the village to the ground and killed the inhabitants. An armed mob formed in Utrecht and headed toward Westbroek to take revenge. When the mob saw the size of David's army, it tried to flee back to the city. Bishop David's army pursued them and killed everybody they could. Sources vary widely on the number of deaths, from 50 prisoners and 100 dead to 500 dead to 1,500 dead.

References

Conflicts in 1481
1481 in Europe
Westbroek
History of Utrecht (province)
De Bilt
Hook and Cod wars
Brighton Watambwa

Brighton Tonderai Watambwa (born 9 June 1977) is a Zimbabwean cricketer who in 2014 captained the Belgium national cricket team.

A right-arm fast-medium bowler, Watambwa played six Tests for Zimbabwe between April 2001 and March 2002, taking 14 wickets. Domestically, he alternated between playing for Mashonaland and Mashonaland A.

Following a contract dispute with the Zimbabwe Cricket Union, Watambwa emigrated to the USA in the autumn of 2002. After obtaining a degree from the University of Miami, he moved to Belgium in 2009, taking on a full-time job with Johnson & Johnson in Brussels until 2015.

References

1977 births
Living people
Alumni of Falcon College
University of Miami alumni
Mashonaland cricketers
Mashonaland A cricketers
Zimbabwe Test cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Paa

Paa may refer to:

 Nanorana, a genus of frogs formerly referred to as Paa
 Paa (film), a 2009 Bollywood film 
 Paa (given name)

See also 
 PAA (disambiguation)
Paul Gaudoin

Paul Charles Gaudoin (born 12 August 1975 in Perth, Western Australia) is an Australian former field hockey defender and midfielder, who was a member of the team that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Four years earlier, he won his first bronze medal at the Olympics. He is the former coach of the Australia women's national field hockey team. He quit in March 2021 before a report of a toxic team culture was released.

References

 Profile on Hockey Australia

External links
 

1975 births
Australian male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for Australia
Olympic bronze medalists for Australia
Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
1998 Men's Hockey World Cup players
2002 Men's Hockey World Cup players
Field hockey players from Perth, Western Australia
Living people
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey
Male field hockey defenders
Male field hockey midfielders
Australian people of Anglo-Indian descent
Australian sportspeople of Indian descent
Field hockey players at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Field hockey players at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Sportsmen from Western Australia
Stomio, Larissa

Stomio (, ) is a village and a community of the Agia municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was the seat of the municipality of Evrymenes. The 2011 census recorded 553 inhabitants in the village. The community of Stomio covers an area of 37.985 km2.

Geography
It is situated on the Aegean Sea coast, south of the mouth of the river Pineios, and at the foot of densely vegetated Mount Ossa. It is 13 km southeast of Pyrgetos, 17 km north of Agia and 37 km northeast of Larissa.

History
The ancient city Eurymenae (also Erymnae) was situated near present Stomio. The Greek Orthodox Monastery of Saint Demetrius, situated on the mountain slope above Stomio, was founded in the 6th century and rebuilt in its present form in the 12th century by Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Before 1927 Stomio was named Tsagezi (), deriving from the Turkish Çay ağzı which translates to "river mouth". (Çay = river, ağız = mouth, ağzı = the mouth).

Population
According to the 2011 census, the population of the settlement of Omolio was 553 people, a decrease of almost 7% compared with the population of the previous census of 2001.

See also
List of settlements in the Larissa regional unit

References

External links
 Stomio on GTP Travel Pages

Populated places in Larissa (regional unit)
Agia, Larissa
Daniel Sproule

Daniel Sproule (born 25 January 1974 in Melbourne, Victoria) is a former field hockey defender from Australia who cannot find the wiki for the life of him, who was a member of the team that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Four years earlier, when Atlanta, Georgia hosted the Games, he won his first bronze medal at the Olympics.

Sproule has been a regular member of The Kookaburras team since missing the 1994 Hockey World Cup in Sydney. He won the gold medal with Australia at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, and did the same a year later at the 1999 Champions Trophy held in Brisbane.

References
 Hockey Australia

External links
 

1974 births
Australian male field hockey players
Male field hockey defenders
Olympic field hockey players for Australia
Olympic bronze medalists for Australia
Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
1998 Men's Hockey World Cup players
Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
2002 Men's Hockey World Cup players
Field hockey players from Melbourne
Living people
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Field hockey players at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Sportsmen from Victoria (state)
Shahreza

Shahreza (, also Romanized as Shahrezā and Shahriza; formerly Komsheh, then Qomsheh (Persian: ), also Romanized as Kowmsheh, and Qowmsheh) is a city in the Central District of Shahreza County, Isfahan province, Iran, and serves as both capital of the county and of the district. Shahreza was selected as the national city of pottery in Iran in 2015. The reason for this choice was the high skill of the artists and the unique soil of this city.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 108,299 in 30,368 households. The following census in 2011 counted 123,767 people in 37,113 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 134,952 people in 43,478 households.

Situation

Shahreza is located 508 km south to Tehran and about 80 km south west to Isfahan and Zard Kooh mountain chain runs from north-west to south-east of the city, enjoying a cold climate.  It is an old city which was first named Qomsheh, but later on its name was changed to Shahreza due to the existence there of the shrine of Shahreza.  The most important tourist attractions are:  Mahyar caravanserai, Shah Reza caravanserai, the Shah Ghandab caves, located south-east of Shahreza, the Poodeh mosque, and Shahreza Imamzadeh. Other tourist attractions include the Amin Abad caravanserai, a Safavid Empire structure in Amin Abad, a village 42 km south of Shahreza.

Shahreza is a strategic city due to having large military bases, rail transportation system, very fertile soil, having the second largest industrial town in Iran (Razi town) and connecting the north to south.

It is interesting that a part of the old Silk Road passed through the Choghad Shahreza area.

History

It was one of the ancient territories of northern Pars (Persia) Satrapy in B.C.
In the north of the county there is canyon of Orchiny (Orchine) that the main Iranian north-south high way passes through. The huge castle of Qomsheh was the latest place constructed by the Safavid Empire before the occupation of the capital Isfahan in the last of Safavid ages when Afghans captured it.

References 

Shahreza County

Cities in Isfahan Province

Populated places in Shahreza County
Al Garhoud Bridge

Al Garhoud Bridge (in Arabic: جسر القرهود) is one of three road bridges over Dubai Creek, and one of five crossings, in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.  Al Garhoud Bridge forms the eastern end of the road toll (called Salik) that went into effect on 1 July 2007.  Since the beginning of Salik, Al Garhoud Bridge has seen low amounts of traffic for Dubai.

Old Al Garhoud Bridge 
The old Al Garhoud Bridge was the second bridge constructed that crossed the Creek, after Al Maktoum Bridge.  The bridge opened in 1976.  In 2007, nearly 9,000 vehicles crossed the bridge every hour at peak flow.  It has been the cause of huge traffic jams in Dubai.  The main reason for this was the number of roads that fed into the bridge.  On the Bur Dubai-bound lanes, seven lanes (from three different roads) converged into three lanes. For the Deira-bound lanes, five lanes converged into three lanes.  Also, the bridge had to be closed to allow large boats to pass under it.  The bridge had a total of 6 lanes: 3 lanes in each direction.

New Al Garhoud Bridge 

To solve the major traffic problems caused by the old bridge, a replacement was constructed between 2006 and 2008 by Belgian main contractor BESIX.
The bridge, which cost 415 million dirhams, is meant to add more lanes of road that cross Dubai Creek.  The new Al Garhoud Bridge has a total of 14 lanes, 7 in each direction.  It is able to handle 16,000 vehicles per hour.  Construction of the bridge began in February 2006 and by  26 September 2007, 76% of the construction was completed.  The bridge is  long and  above the water.  On 15 December 2007, four lanes on the Deira-bound side were opened to vehicle traffic.  Then on 15 March 2008, as had been scheduled, remaining lanes on both sides were opened.  The old bridge was demolished after the new bridge opened.  Shortly after the bridge opened, the Roads and Transport Authority announced that Al Garhoud Bridge would be decorated with artwork that look like sand dunes during the day and waves at night with the aid of lighting.

Photo gallery
Construction Photos on 31 January 2007

Construction Photos on 1 May 2007

Construction Photo on 31 May 2007

Construction Photo on 18 October 2007

References 

Bridges in Dubai
Bridges in the United Arab Emirates
Bridges completed in 1976
Bridges completed in 2008
1976 establishments in the United Arab Emirates
Özdemir Sabancı

Özdemir Sabancı (May 15, 1941 – January 9, 1996) was a Turkish businessman and a second generation member of the Sabancı family.

Biography
He was born in Adana, Turkey. After finishing the high school at the Tarsus American College in Tarsus, province Mersin, he received his B.A. degree in chemical engineering from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), UK. Later, he obtained a master's degree in the same discipline in Switzerland.

Returned to Turkey, he worked in the Sabancı Holding and soon founded and further developed the synthetic fibres producer Sasa, one of the biggest industrial companies of the group. Under his leadership, Sabancı Holding entered into the automotive sector. He established several joint-venture projects with major Japanese companies including production of Mitsubishi coaches and trucks, Komatsu construction equipment, loaders and forklifts. In 1990, he paved the way to produce Toyota cars in Turkey as a consequence of the largest Turkish-Japanese partnership.

In the board of directors of the holding, he was responsible for the Group of Synthetic Fibers, Automotive and Plastics.

Özdemir Sabancı was gunned down on January 9, 1996, in his office in the strongly guarded Sabancı Towers in Levent, Istanbul, along with the general manager of ToyotaSA and a secretary by assassins hired by the leftist armed group DHKP-C. They had been given access to the building by Fehriye Erdal, a female member of DHKP-C, who was an employee at that time. Recently released information has suggested that the assassination of Özdemir Sabancı's assassin Mustafa Duyar was planned by retired general Veli Küçük, who was detained in the Ergenekon investigation.

Özdemir Sabancı was laid to rest at the Adana Asri Cemetery. He was survived by his wife Sevda, his son Demir and his daughter Serra (1975).

See also
 List of assassinated people from Turkey

References

1941 births
Businesspeople from Adana
Tarsus American College alumni
Ozdemir Sabanci
1996 deaths
Assassinated Turkish businesspeople
Deaths by firearm in Turkey
People murdered in Turkey
Terrorism deaths in Turkey
Turkish terrorism victims
Burials at Adana Asri Cemetery
1996 murders in Turkey
Hiroshima–Nishi Airport

was an airport in Nishi Ward, located  southwest of Hiroshima City, Japan.

History
Hiroshima's first airport, , opened on a nearby island in Naka-ku, Hiroshima in 1940. It was largely destroyed during the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945, but was used during the occupation of Japan as a radar base by the Royal Australian Air Force 111 Mobile Fighter Control Unit, and through the 1950s as a landing field for gliders and single-engine piston aircraft.

Following the end of World War II, the Japanese government approved a plan for a new airport in a location which could take advantage of Hiroshima's natural river topography to keep aircraft from flying over residential areas. Hiroshima Airport opened on September 15, 1961, and was initially managed by the Ministry of Transport.

The runway was extended from 1200 meters to 1800 meters in 1972. All Nippon Airways began Boeing 737 jet service to the airport in 1979, followed by Boeing 767 service in 1983. Further extensions were necessary to support large jet service, and the airport's location made this impossible. A new Hiroshima Airport was built outside the city in 1993. The old Hiroshima Airport was then renamed Hiroshima–Nishi Airport and fell under the control of Hiroshima Prefecture.

J-Air was based at Hiroshima–Nishi from 1991 until 2005, originally as a division of the JAL Flight Academy, and provided commuter service to domestic airports using Jetstream 31 and then Bombardier CRJ-200 aircraft. Japan Air Commuter continued to offer commuter service using Saab 340 aircraft since then until 2010, when the service was terminated as part of the corporate restructuring of its parent company Japan Airlines. Some air taxi services also operated until early 2013 when the airport ceased all operations.

Hiroshima City and Hiroshima Prefecture officials debated the future of the airport for several years in the early 2000s. City officials sought to keep the airport open in order to boost the city's economy, while prefectural officials preferred converting the southern part of the property into a heliport and building an extension of the Hiroshima South Road through the northern part. Following JAC's withdrawal from the airport, Hiroshima City legislators proposed converting the airport into a municipal airport. The ordinance proposal was rejected by the city assembly in March 2011, and a new mayor announced in May that the airport would be converted to a heliport by 2012, in line with the prefecture's original proposal. However, this plan seems to be stalled as of early 2015, though some progress had been made up to 2013. From 2014, there was a strictly limited daily time window for helicopter services to be operated out of the former airport.

References

External links
 
 

Defunct airports in Japan
Transport in Hiroshima Prefecture
Buildings and structures in Hiroshima
Airports established in 1961
Airports disestablished in 1993
Airports disestablished in 2012
1961 establishments in Japan
1993 disestablishments in Japan
2012 disestablishments in Japan
British Rail Classes 112 and 113

The Class 112 and Class 113 DMUs used the standard Cravens body used on Class 105s but had a single Rolls-Royce C8NFLH engine rated at  per car, all of which formed into 'power twins' – two car sets with both vehicles powered.

There were two batches built, the first 50 vehicles (25 sets) had standard mechanical transmission via a gearbox and were allocated the Class 112. The second batch of 50 cars (25 sets) had hydraulic transmissions, and became Class 113s.

The cars were built for services in the LMR Central Division and in the Liverpool - St Helens area, where the gradients in the Lancashire & Yorkshire area required more power. Both types also spent some time working from Cricklewood.

The gross weight of a set with all seats occupied was approximately 70 tons, giving  per ton. Empty, it was 8.1 hp/ton, which compared favourably with 5.7 hp/ton that the Cravens power/trailer had.

In 1982, two units, M51692 and M51691, were in use by British Steel at Shotton Works on Deeside.

Orders

Other technical details
 Coupling Code: Blue Square 
 Transmission: Standard Mechanical (Class 112), Hydraulic (Class 113)
Due to incidents that occurred when Class 113 units (which had hydraulic transmission and automatic gear change) were coupled to a unit with mechanical transmission and gear change - usually, a Class 112 - the Class 113 units were changed to the Red Triangle coupling code (the Red Triangle code had previously been used for the early Derby Lightweight DMUs used in the Leeds area, but those were all now withdrawn). The basic problem occurred when a unit being driven automatically (Class 113) failed to mesh with a unit that could not be driven automatically (most Blue Square types). The latter units tended to catch fire. If such a pairing occurred, the driver of the automatically driven unit was supposed to drive it as if it were a mechanical transmission unit, so the two units gears would work together.  

If an automatic transmission unit was driven from a mechanical transmission unit the problem did not occur, as the automatic drive unit would change gears as if it was a mechanical drive unit. The Class 112 and 113 units looked similar and one assumes this led to the driving errors. By changing Class 113 to Red Triangle, the incompatible coupling should not occur.

Withdrawal

All Class 112s and 113s were withdrawn and subsequently scrapped between 1968 and 1969.

References

The Railcar Association
Motive Power Recognition: 3 DMUs. Colin J. Marsden
British Railway Pictorial: First Generation DMUs.  Kevin Robertson
British Rail Fleet Survey 8: Diesel Multiple Units- The First Generation.  Brian Haresnape
A Pictorial Record of British Railways Diesel Multiple Units.  Brian Golding

112
Cravens multiple units
Train-related introductions in 1960