alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Georgia's 2nd congressional district

Georgia's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. The district is currently represented by Democrat Sanford D. Bishop, Jr.

Georgia's largest district by land area, it comprises much of the southwestern portion of the state. Much of the district is rural, although the district has a number of small cities and medium-sized towns, such as Albany, Americus, Bainbridge, and Thomasville. It also contains most of Columbus and most of Macon. The district is also the historic and current home of former President Jimmy Carter.

The 2nd district is one of the most consistently Democratic in the country, as Democrats have held it since 1875. However, it has grown far less heavily blue in recent years due to shifting demographics. With a PVI of D+3, it is the least Democratic majority-black district in the United States.

The district's boundaries were redrawn following the 2010 census, which granted an additional congressional seat to Georgia. In 2021, following the 2020 census, the 156th Georgia General Assembly passed new congressional maps signed by Governor Kemp, and redrew this district from 51% African American to 49% African American, beginning in 2023.

Counties

Recent results in statewide elections

List of members representing the district

Election results

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

See also

Georgia's congressional districts
List of United States congressional districts

References

 Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

External links
 PDF map of Georgia's 2nd district at nationalatlas.gov
 Georgia's 2nd district at GovTrack.us

02
1905 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election

The Southern Rhodesia Legislative Council election of 1905 was the third election to the Legislative Council of Southern Rhodesia. The Legislative Council had, since 1903, comprised fifteen voting members: the Administrator of Southern Rhodesia ex officio, seven members nominated by the British South Africa Company, and seven members elected by registered voters from four electoral districts. The Resident Commissioner of Southern Rhodesia, Richard Chester-Master, also sat on the Legislative Council ex officio but without the right to vote.

The election was to have taken place on March 6, 1905 but in the event all the places were filled by unopposed nominations on February 6 and so no poll was taken.

Results

Note: Raleigh Grey was absent during the whole of the 1906 session.

Nominated members
The members nominated by the British South Africa Company were:

 Sir Thomas Charles Scanlen KCMG, Additional Law Officer (also Acting Administrator from May 24, 1907 during the absence of Sir William Henry Milton)
 Francis James Newton CMG, Treasurer
 Herbert Hayton Castens, Chief Secretary
 Clarkson Henry Tredgold, Attorney-General
 James Hutchison Kennedy, Master of the High Court
 Edward Ross Townsend, Secretary for Agriculture
 Ernest William Sanders Montagu, Secretary for Mines

References
 Source Book of Parliamentary Elections and Referenda in Southern Rhodesia 1898-1962 ed. by F.M.G. Willson (Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salisbury 1963)
 Holders of Administrative and Ministerial Office 1894-1964 by F.M.G. Willson and G.C. Passmore, assisted by Margaret T. Mitchell (Source Book No. 3, Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salisbury 1966)
 Official Year Book of the Colony of Southern Rhodesia, No. 1 - 1924, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia

1905 elections in Africa
Legislative Council election
Legislative Council election,1905
Non-partisan elections
1905 elections in the British Empire
Mandelieu-la-Napoule

Mandelieu-la-Napoule (; ; locally spelled Mandelieu-La Napoule) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. Located on the French Riviera, just to the southwest of Cannes and northeast of Théoule-sur-Mer, it had a population of 21 772 in 2020.

Townscape
It is known for the Château de la Napoule, a fortified castle of the 14th century. In the 20th century, Henry Clews Jr (son of the wealthy New York banker Henry Clews) and his wife Marie Clews, entirely renovated the château which they then inhabited.  Henry Clews Jr was a painter and sculptor whose work still fills the castle, which is now run as a non-profit arts foundation by his descendants. The château was once an ancient foundation, then a medieval fortress of the Counts of Villeneuve. Today the Roman Tower (4th century) and the Saracen Tower (11th century) are all that remain of the château that was destroyed during the French Revolution.  The château designed by the Clews has cloister, terrace overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, Gothic dining room, and studio. In the basement of a tower at the château the remains of Henry (1876–1937) and Marie (1878–1959) are interred in two tombs that Henry designed and sculpted.

Population

Transportation
Private air transportation for the town (and for nearby Cannes) is provided by Cannes - Mandelieu Airport. The nearest major airport is Nice Cote d'Azur Airport, the second busiest airport in France; it is about 30 minutes drive from the airport to the town. The commune is reached from exit 41 on the autoroute A8. Mandelieu-la-Napoule station is served by regional trains (TER Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) towards Fréjus, Cannes, Nice and Les Arcs–Draguignan.

Personalities
It is the home of ex MI6 agent Richard Tomlinson.

Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza was born in Mandelieu on 2 February 1941. He is the present head of the Vassouras Branch of the Brazilian Imperial House and de jure Emperor of Brazil (Bertrand I of Brazil). He is also considered a royal prince of the deposed monarchies of France and Portugal. His late brother Luiz of Orléans-Braganza was also born there three years before.

Italian Princess Maria Francesca of Savoy, daughter of the King of Italy Victor Emmanuel III and Queen Elena of Montenegro, lived in Mandelieu and died there on 7 December 2001.

Italian athlete Eddy Ottoz was born in Mandelieu on 3 June 1944. He competed for Italy in the 1964 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan and in the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico, where he won the bronze medal in the 110 metre hurdles event.

Gallery

References

External links

 Official web site
 Official tourism Website: in French, in English
 Map of Mandelieu-La Napoule (PDF)
 Mandelieu-La Napoule Exhibition-Congress Centre

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Arch of Trajan (Ancona)

The Arch of Trajan in Ancona is a Roman triumphal arch erected in 115 by the Senate and people of Rome in the reign of Emperor Trajan. It was built in honour of that Emperor after he expanded the port of the city out of his own pocket, improving the docks and the fortifications. It was from here that Trajan departed for the ultimately successful war against the Dacians, an episode which is commemorated in the bas relief of Trajan's column in Rome.

The arch was the work of the Roman, a Greek Syrian architect Apollodorus of Damascus, born in Roman Syria. Made of marble from the quarries of Marmara Island, it stands 18.5 metres high on a high podium approached by a wide flight of steps. The archway, only 3 m wide, is flanked by pairs of fluted Corinthian columns on pedestals. An attic bears inscriptions.  The format is that of the Arch of Titus in Rome, but made taller, so that the bronze figures surmounting it, of Trajan on horseback, his wife Plotina and sister Marciana, would be a landmark for ships approaching Rome's greatest Adriatic port.

The inscriptions, which remain legible, were gilt in bronze, but this gilding, along with the friezes and the statues  were taken by the Saracens in 848. Behind the arch and part of the shipyards, the high tower of Gamba was erected in 950, only to be demolished for use in the construction of the Citadel of Ancona (1532). In 1859, the flight of steps was constructed; the gates about a year after.

The arch remains in good condition and has recently been restored and made fully operational by the removal of the aforementioned gates and received lighting, which raises its profile and enhances its particular position with respect to the historic heart of the city and Guasco hill, where the Cathedral stands.

See also
List of Roman triumphal arches

References

External links 
 Website of the municipality

Ancona
Buildings and structures in Ancona
Trajan
Bruneau, Idaho

Bruneau is an unincorporated community in Owyhee County in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Idaho. The mouth of the Bruneau River is to the northwest and Bruneau Sand Dunes State Park is to the east. As of 2014, Bruneau has a population of 552.

History
Bruneau's population was 105 in 1909, and was estimated at 200 in 1960.

Geography
Bruneau is located at  (42.8804516, -115.7973081), at an elevation of  above sea level.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bruneau has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps. Bruneau is the hottest city in the entire state of Idaho, with a yearly average high temperature of . Its winters are short and mild, and summers are hot and dry.

Highways
State Highway 51 northbound crosses the Snake River and continues to Mountain Home in Elmore County; southbound it becomes Nevada Route 225 at the border and continues to Elko. State Highway 78 heads northwest within Owyhee County to Grand View, Murphy, and Marsing. Eastbound SH-78 crosses the Snake River and links through Hammett to Interstate 84.

References

External links
Untraveled Road.com - photos - Bruneau, Idaho - 2008-06-12

Unincorporated communities in Owyhee County, Idaho
Unincorporated communities in Idaho
Boise metropolitan area
Roman circus of Mérida

The Roman circus of Mérida () is a ruined Roman circus in Mérida, Spain. Used for chariot racing, it was modelled on the Circus Maximus in Rome and other circus buildings throughout the Empire. Measuring more than 400 m in length and 30 m of width, it is one of the best preserved examples of Roman circus. It could house up to 30,000 spectators.

History
There is no consensus about the circus' dating, as it was built and used for several years before its official dedication. It seems to have been built sometime around 20 BC and inaugurated some 30 years later. It was located far outside the city walls, but close to the road that connected the city to Toledo and Córdoba.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of Christianity in Spain, the circus saw more use than the other Roman structures of Mérida, since racing was considered less sinful than spectacles performed in the Theatre and the Amphitheatre.

Modern status
Mérida's circus remains very well preserved. As is true with the Circus Maximus, most circuses's structures have been destroyed over time as the area occupied by them was great and often in very flat land near their respective cities. The Mérida circus however has kept numerous structures, including the Porta Pompae ("main entrance"), the Porta Triumphalis ("triumph gate"), the spina (the longitudinal wall), the tribunal iudicium ("tribune of the judges").

A museum dedicated to the circus now sits near the middle edge of the circus grounds and it allows admittance into the fenced area around the circus remains.

See also
 Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida
 Hippodrome – a Greek arena also used for chariot racing

References

Mérida
Circus of Mérida
Buildings and structures in Mérida, Spain
History of Extremadura
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC
1st-century BC establishments in the Roman Republic
20 BC establishments
Tourist attractions in Extremadura
Acueducto de los Milagros

The Acueducto de los Milagros () is a Roman aqueduct in Mérida (Badajoz), Spain. It was built during the first century AD to supply water from the Proserpina Dam to the ancient Roman colony of Emerita Augusta. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the aqueduct fell into decay and today it is in ruins with only a relatively small section of the aqueduct bridge standing. The Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida, including the aqueduct, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.

Description
Only a relatively small stretch of the aqueduct still stands, consisting of 38 arched pillars standing  high along a course of some . It is constructed from opus mixtum – granite ashlar blocks interspersed with red brick – utilising a double arcade arrangement. The structure originally brought water to the city from a reservoir called the Proserpina Dam, fed by a stream called Las Pardillas, around  to the north-west of Mérida.

It is thought to have been constructed during the 1st century AD, with a second phase of building (or renovations) around 300 AD. In later centuries, the inhabitants of Mérida dubbed it the "Aqueduct of the Miracles" for the awe that it evoked.

The aqueduct was one of three built at Mérida, the other two being the  long Aqua Augusta, fed by the Cornalvo reservoir, and San Lázaro, fed by underground channels. The aqueduct is preserved as part of the Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

In the immediate vicinity, a small Roman bridge called Puente de Albarregas runs parallel to the arcades.

See also 
List of aqueducts in the Roman Empire
List of Roman aqueducts by date
Ancient Roman technology
Roman engineering

References

External links 

Aqueducts in Spain
Roman aqueducts outside Rome
Acueducto de los Milagros
Acueducto de los Milagros
Acueducto de los Milagros
Acueducto de los Milagros
Bridges in Mérida, Spain
NinJo

NinJo is a meteorological software system. It is a community project of the German Weather Service, the Meteorological Service of Canada, the Danish Meteorological Institute, MeteoSwiss, and the German Bundeswehr. It consists of modules for monitoring weather events, editing point forecasts and viewing meteorological data. An additional batch component is able to render graphical products off-line, these may, for example, be visualized by a web service. Essentially it is a client—server system an implemented fully with the programming language Java.

NinJo was initiated by the German Weather Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD) and the German army (Bundeswehr Geo Information Service, BGIS) in 2000. Since 2006, NinJo has been used operationally. NinJo is licensed for weather services, organisations and universities not taking part in the development consortium.

Description 

NinJo is a client-server system with interactive displays on the client side fed by batch applications implemented on the server. The system is programmed entirely in JAVA and can easily be extended by further layers and applications according to user-specific requirements. The workstation fed by the servers can be installed on different operating systems (e.g. Unix, Linux and Microsoft Windows), avoiding importing the source code onto the specific operating system.

The NinJo Server imports a variety of meteorological data, such as METAR reports, weather radar and weather satellite images and numerical weather prediction (NWP) outputs, through dedicated file handling programs, and make them accessible to the client displays.

The client is a NinJo workstation which presents data in separate layers. Users can add as many layers to a NinJo scene as they want with all layers show time-synchronised data for the same map area. The layers show geo-referenced data, not fix images, so the screen display is always done directly from the data and interactive probing using the mouse is giving the values of the original data, not a scale extracted one. The data are stored in native format, rather than stored in a common internal format, avoiding degradation in zooms and always keeping the full details and resolution of the original data.

The layers are independent, can be added and removed from the scenes separately, and be set visible or invisible. Layers can be arranged in any order the users want enabling them to arrange all data types according to their specific needs. Scenes can be set for:
Visualisation of weather products
Monitoring the state of data input
Production of weather warnings
Interactive editing of texts
Configuration of NinJo batch products

Different tools are available for enhancing or interrogating the displays. For example, it is possible to do vertical cross-sections in a layered scene, extracting the vertical structure of NWP or radars data.

References

External links 
 
 
 

Science software
Graphic software in meteorology
Weather prediction
Bundeswehr
Meteorological Service of Canada
Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre

There are two arrondissements of Saint-Pierre in France:

Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, Martinique
Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, Réunion

ru:Сен-Пьер (значения)
Russell Stuvaints

Russell Stuvaints Jr., (born August 28, 1980) is a former American football defensive back. He formerly played for the Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL) and Team Arkansas of the All American Football League (AAFL). He won Super Bowl XL with the Steelers, beating Matt Hasselbeck and the Seattle Seahawks.

High school career
Stuvaints attended McKeesport Area High School where he played football for the Tigers under the guidance of coach George Smith. He holds several school records at McKeesport.

College years
Russell attended Youngstown State University and was a student and a letterman in football. In football, as a junior, he was a second-team All-Gateway Football Conference selection and an Honorable Mention All-America selection. As a senior, he was an All-Gateway Conference Honorable Mention selection.

Professional career

NFL
Although billed as a defensive back, Russell performed most notably on special teams throughout his NFL career. He was a member of the Super Bowl XL champion Steelers although he sat out due to a knee injury. He was signed to the New England Patriots practice squad after being released by the Steelers on September 7, 2004. He was released by New England after one week and was resigned by the Steelers and promoted to the 53 man roster.

AAFL
Stuvaints signed with the All American Football League to play for Team Arkansas.

Shooting
On June 1, 2008, Stuvaints was injured during an altercation at Nigro's Restaurant in North Versailles, Pennsylvania. Stuvaints, who was shot once in the right hip, was one of five people wounded during the incident. The next day, police arrested Tyrone Watson, a 27-year-old from McKeesport, and charged him with five counts of aggravated assault, five counts of reckless endangerment, and one count of carrying an unlicensed firearm.
Stuvaints attended the preliminary hearing and told the judges that Tyrone Watson was not the shooter nor was he present in Nigro's. The Judge finally listened to all 5 people that were shot all testified that Watson was not the shooter.
Tyrone Watson was also found not guilty of the shooting, it was also found that he was not even present in the bar at the time.

Arrests
In 2016 Stuvaints was arrested in White Oak, PA on drug charges and weapons violations, according to police. He also pleaded guilty in 2013 to charges of aggravated assault and resisting arrest, a year after police said they had to use a Taser to subdue Stuvaints after he threatened a woman in McKeesport. He allegedly punched one officer in the face before he was subdued, according to the Tribune-Review.

References

1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from McKeesport, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
American football defensive backs
Youngstown State Penguins football players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
1908 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election

The Southern Rhodesia Legislative Council election of April 24, 1908 was the fourth election to the Legislative Council of Southern Rhodesia. The Legislative Council had, since 1903, comprised seven members elected by registered voters from four electoral districts; in 1907 the number of members nominated by the British South Africa Company was reduced from seven to five. The Administrator of Southern Rhodesia sat on the Legislative Council ex officio. The Resident Commissioner of Southern Rhodesia, James George Fair, also sat on the Legislative Council ex officio but without the right to vote.

Results

* Incumbents

Note: William Harvey Brown was absent for the third and fourth (extraordinary) sessions of the Legislative Council in 1910 and 1911.

Nominated members
The members nominated by the British South Africa Company were:

 Clarkson Henry Tredgold, Attorney-General
 Edward Ross Townsend, Secretary for Agriculture
 James Hutchison Kennedy, Master of the High Court
 Ernest William Sanders Montagu, Secretary for Mines and Works
 Francis James Newton CMG, Treasurer

During the absence of Clarkson Henry Tredgold from July 3, 1908, Robert McIlwaine (Secretary of the Law Department) stood in for him. Edward Ross Townsend stood down and was replaced by Dr Eric Arthur Nobbs (Director of Agriculture) on April 23, 1909.

References
 Source Book of Parliamentary Elections and Referenda in Southern Rhodesia 1898-1962 ed. by F.M.G. Willson (Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salisbury 1963)
 Holders of Administrative and Ministerial Office 1894-1964 by F.M.G. Willson and G.C. Passmore, assisted by Margaret T. Mitchell (Source Book No. 3, Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salisbury 1966)
 Official Year Book of the Colony of Southern Rhodesia, No. 1 - 1924, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia

1908 elections in Africa
Legislative Council election
Legislative Council election,1908
Non-partisan elections
1908 elections in the British Empire
Georgia's 3rd congressional district

Georgia's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. The district is currently represented by Republican Drew Ferguson.  The district's boundaries have been redrawn following the 2010 census, which granted an additional congressional seat to Georgia. The first election using the new district boundaries (listed below) were the 2012 congressional elections.

The district is based in west-central Georgia. It includes most of the southern suburbs of Atlanta–where most of its population is located–as well as the wealthier (and more demographically Caucasian) portions of Columbus and its northern suburbs.

Counties
 Carroll County 
 Coweta County
 Douglas County (Partial, see also )
 Fayette County (Partial, see also )
 Haralson County
 Harris County
 Heard County
 Henry County (Partial, see also  and )
 Lamar County
 Meriwether County
 Muscogee County (Partial, see also )
 Pike County
 Spalding County
 Troup County
 Upson County

Recent results in statewide elections

List of members representing the district

Election results

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

See also
Georgia's congressional districts
List of United States congressional districts

References

 Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

External links
 PDF map of Georgia's 3rd district at nationalatlas.gov
 Georgia's 3rd district at GovTrack.us

03
Georgia's 4th congressional district

Georgia's 4th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. The district is currently represented by Democrat Hank Johnson, though the district's boundaries have been redrawn following the 2010 census, which granted an additional congressional seat to Georgia.  The first election using the new district boundaries (listed below) were the 2012 congressional elections.

The newly drawn district retains its majority African American status and includes many of Atlanta's inner eastern suburbs, such as Conyers, Covington, Decatur, Lilburn, Stone Mountain, and Lithonia.

Counties 
 DeKalb (Partial, see also )
 Newton (Partial, see also )
 Rockdale

Recent results in statewide elections

List of members representing the district

Election results

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

See also 
Georgia's congressional districts
List of United States congressional districts
Georgia United States House elections, 2006

Notes

References 
 
 
 Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

External links 
 PDF map of Georgia's 4th district at nationalatlas.gov
 Georgia's 4th district at GovTrack.us

04
Georgia's 5th congressional district

Georgia's 5th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. The district was represented by Democrat John Lewis from January 3, 1987, until his death on July 17, 2020. Kwanza Hall was elected to replace Lewis on December 1, 2020, and served until January 3, 2021, when Nikema Williams took his place. Hall was elected in a special election for the balance of Lewis' 17th term. He chose not to run in the general election for a full two-year term, which was won by Williams. 

The district's boundaries were redrawn following the 2010 census, which granted an additional congressional seat to Georgia. The first election using the new district boundaries (listed below) were the 2012 congressional elections.

Based in central Fulton and parts of DeKalb and Clayton counties, the majority black district includes almost three-fourths of Atlanta, the state capital and largest city. It also includes some of the surrounding suburbs, including East Point, Druid Hills, and Forest Park. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+32, it is the most Democratic district in Georgia.

Counties
Fulton (Partial, see also ,  and )
DeKalb (Partial, see also )
Clayton (Partial, see also )

Recent results in statewide elections

List of members representing the district

Election results

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020 special election

2020

2022

Historical district boundaries

See also

Georgia's congressional districts
List of United States congressional districts

References

 
 
 Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

External links
 PDF map of Georgia's 5th district at nationalatlas.gov
 Georgia's 5th district at GovTrack.us

05
1827 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia's 6th congressional district

Georgia's 6th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. , it is represented by Republican Rich McCormick. Previously represented by Democrat Lucy McBath, the district's boundaries were redrawn following the 2020 census to be significantly more Republican-leaning than it had been in the previous decade. As a result, McBath announced that she would be running against Carolyn Bourdeaux in the Democratic primary in the neighboring 7th congressional district, which she subsequently won.  Rich McCormick defeated Democrat Bob Christian for the seat in the 2022 congressional elections, took office on January 3, 2023.

Georgia's 6th congressional district has existed since the 29th Congress (1845–1847), the first Congress in which U.S. representatives were elected from districts rather than at-large. Georgia gained a sixth U.S. representative for the first time in the 13th Congress (1813–1815).

Located in north-central Georgia, the district consists of many of the northern suburbs of Atlanta and includes all of Forsyth, Dawson County, portions of eastern Cobb County, northern Fulton County, a snippet of western Gwinnett County, and eastern Cherokee County. From 1965 to 1993, the 6th District covered a swath of exurban and rural territory south and west of Atlanta. In 1992, it moved to its present position in Atlanta's northern suburbs.

The district is known for producing prominent figures in American politics, including former House Speaker and 2012 presidential candidate Newt Gingrich, former Secretary of Health and Human Services Tom Price, and former U.S. Senator Johnny Isakson. It was also known as a suburban Republican stronghold for much of its recent history, and the party held the seat from 1992 to 2018. However, Metro Atlanta's recent population growth has brought Democratic-leaning voters into the area, as evidenced by McBath's 2018 victory over Republican incumbent Karen Handel. The district's new boundaries have restored its previous Republican bent.

Counties 
 Cobb (Partial, see also , , and )
 Fulton (Partial, see also , , and )
  Forsyth
 Dawson
 Gwinnett (Partial, see also , )
 Cherokee (''Partial, see also )

List of members representing the district

Election results

1974

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2017 special election

2018

2020

2022

See also 
 Georgia's at-large congressional district
 Georgia's 10th congressional district
 Georgia's 4th congressional district
 Georgia's congressional districts
 Georgia's 6th congressional district special election, 2017

References

Further reading

External links 
 PDF map of Georgia's 6th district at nationalatlas.gov
 Georgia's 6th congressional district at GovTrack.us

06
Hypatos

(; plural: , ) and the variant  (, 'former , ) was a Byzantine court dignity, originally the Greek translation of Latin  (the literal meaning of  is 'the supreme one', which reflects the office, but not the etymology of ''). The dignity arose from the honorary consulships awarded in the late Roman Empire, and survived until the early 12th century. It was often conferred upon the rulers of the south Italian principalities. In Italian documents the term was sometimes Latinised as  or , and in Italian historiography one finds . The feminine form of the term was  ().

The creation of ordinary consuls in Late Antiquity was irregular, and after their division in 395, the two halves of the Roman Empire tended to divide the two consulships between them; the office, which had become both purely honorary and quite expensive to hold, sometimes lay vacant for years. The emperors were often ordinary consuls, and after 541, with the exception of the emperor, who assumed the office on his accession, no ordinary consuls were appointed. From that point on, only honorary consulships were granted, and the title declined much in prestige. Throughout the 6th to 9th centuries there is ample sigillographic evidence of functionaries bearing the title, usually attached to mid-level administrative and fiscal posts. In the late 9th-century hierarchy, however, as related by the Kletorologion of Philotheos, it was one of the lower dignities intended for "bearded men" (i.e. non-eunuchs), ranking between the  and the . Its badge of office (), whose award also conferred the dignity, was a diploma. In the Escorial Taktikon, written , the  appears to be a regular office instead of an honorary dignity, endowed with judicial duties according to Nicolas Oikonomides. In the 11th century, the title rose again in importance, apparently outranking the , but disappeared entirely by the mid-12th century.

The title was often conferred to the rulers of south Italian city-states of the Tyrrhenian coast, which recognised Byzantine authority in the 9th through 11th centuries. Eventually, with the waning of Byzantine power in the region, these rulers took on more familiar Latin titles like  and , modern duke. The most famous  were those of Gaeta. John I of Gaeta won the title  from the Byzantine emperor, as a reward for defeating the Saracens. In Gaeta, the feminine title  () was replaced by  () during the reign of Docibilis II of Gaeta and his wife Orania, in the first half of the 10th century.

The title was the root of the titles  (, the original translation of ) and  (), as well as the office of  (, ), a title given to the head of the imperial university of Constantinople in the 11th-14th centuries.

References

Sources
 
 

Byzantine court titles
Roman consuls
Georgia's 9th congressional district

Georgia's 9th congressional district is a congressional district in the north of the U.S. state of Georgia. The district is represented by  Republican Andrew Clyde, who succeeded fellow Republican Doug Collins. The district is mostly rural and exurban in character, though it stretches into Hall (home to the district's largest city, Gainesville) and Gwinnett counties on Atlanta's northern fringe.

The district has a heavy Republican lean. Donald Trump carried the district with almost 78 percent of the vote in 2016, his fourth-best showing in the nation. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index of R+22, it is one of the most Republican districts in Georgia. Since then-congressman and future governor Nathan Deal switched parties in 1995, no Democrat running in the district has crossed the 40 percent mark, and only one Democrat has won as much as 30 percent.

Republicans are no less dominant at the state and local level. It was one of the first areas of Georgia where old-line Southern Democrats began splitting their tickets. Despite this, even as the district turned increasingly Republican at the national level (Jimmy Carter is the only Democratic presidential candidate to carry the district since 1960), conservative Democrats still held most local offices well into the 1990s. However, after Deal's party switch, Republicans gradually eroded the Democratic advantage, with the help of other party switchers. By the early 21st century, there were almost no elected Democrats left above the county level. Republicans typically win with margins of well over 70 percent of the vote on the occasions they face opposition at all.

Much of this district was the 10th district from 2003 to 2007; it became the 9th once again in a mid-decade redistricting.

Four-term Republican Doug Collins announced in January 2020 that he would run for U.S. senator. Clyde won a crowded Republican primary-the real contest in this district-and won handily in November.

Counties in the district

2003–2013 
 Catoosa
 Dade
 Dawson
 Fannin
 Forsyth (Partial, see also )
 Gilmer
 Gordon (Partial, see also )
 Habersham
 Hall
 Jackson
 Lumpkin
 Murray
 Pickens 
 Union
 White
 Walker
 Whitfield

2013–2023 
 Banks
 Clarke (Partial, see also )
 Dawson
 Elbert
 Fannin
 Forsyth (Partial, see also )
 Franklin
 Gilmer
 Gwinnett
 Habersham
 Hall
 Hart
 Jackson 
 Lumpkin
 Madison
 Pickens (Partial)
 Rabun
 Stephens
 Towns
 Union
 White

Recent results in statewide elections

List of members representing the district

Election results

2006

2008

2010 special election

Nathan Deal resigned March 21, 2010 to run for Governor of Georgia. A special election was held on June 8, 2010.

2010 general election

2012

Following redistricting, Tom Graves moved to the newly created 14th district.

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

Historical district boundaries

See also
Georgia's congressional districts
List of United States congressional districts

References

 Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

External links
 PDF map of Georgia's 9th district at nationalatlas.gov
 Georgia's 9th district at GovTrack.us

09
Georgia's 10th congressional district

Georgia's 10th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. The district is currently represented by Republican Mike Collins, and includes a large swath of urban and rural territory between Atlanta and Augusta.

The district's boundaries were redrawn following the 2010 census, which granted an additional congressional seat to Georgia.  The first election using the new district boundaries (listed below) were the 2012 congressional elections.

Located in the eastern part of the state, the district boundaries include the cities of Athens, Eatonton, Jackson, Milledgeville, Monroe, Washington, Watkinsville, Winder, and Wrightsville.

Counties
 Barrow
 Butts
 Clarke
 Elbert
 Greene
 Hancock
 Henry (Partial, see also )
 Jackson
 Jasper
 Madison
 Morgan
 Newton (Partial, see also )
 Oconee
 Oglethorpe
 Putnam
 Taliaferro
 Walton
 Wilkes (Partial, see also )

Recent results in statewide elections

List of members representing the district

Election results

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

See also
Georgia's congressional districts
List of United States congressional districts

References

 Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

External links
 PDF map of Georgia's 10th district at nationalatlas.gov
 Georgia's 10th district at GovTrack.us

10
1885 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia's 11th congressional district

Georgia's 11th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. The district is currently represented by Republican Barry Loudermilk. The district's boundaries have been redrawn following the 2010 census, which granted an additional congressional seat to Georgia.  The first election using the new district boundaries (listed below) were the 2012 congressional elections.

Located in the northwestern portion of the Atlanta metropolitan area, the district covers the entirety of Bartow, Cherokee and Pickens counties, as well as northwestern and central Cobb County. It includes Cartersville, Kennesaw, Woodstock and most of Marietta.

From 2013 to 2023, the district also included the northern "neck" of Fulton County, including the far northern portion of Atlanta proper.

Counties
 Bartow
 Cherokee (Partial, see also )
 Pickens
 Cobb (Partial, see also , , and )

Recent results in statewide elections

List of members representing the district

Election results

2016

2018

2020

2022

References

Further reading

External links
 PDF map of Georgia's 11th district at nationalatlas.gov
 Georgia's 11th district at GovTrack.us
 Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

11
Bartow County, Georgia
Carroll County, Georgia
Chattooga County, Georgia
Cobb County, Georgia
Floyd County, Georgia
Gordon County, Georgia
Haralson County, Georgia
Paulding County, Georgia
Polk County, Georgia
James Callahan

James Callahan may refer to:

Sports
James Callahan (ice hockey), founder of the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1925
Nixey Callahan (1874–1934), also known as Jimmy Callahan, baseball pitcher and manager
Jim Callahan (baseball) (1881–1968), baseball player for the New York Giants
Jim Callahan (American football, born 1946), American football player and author
Jim Callahan (American football, born 1920)
Jamie Callahan, American baseball pitcher

Actors
Jimmy Callahan (actor) (1891–1957), 1920s comedy short actor
James Callahan (actor) (1930–2007), American character actor

Others
James Yancy Callahan (1852–1935), Oklahoma Territorial Representative
James Callahan (unionist), American labor union leader
James Callahan (pilot), American New York Sandy Hook pilot
James Callahan (Kentucky) (fl. 19th c.), Louisville businessman; 1st president of the Louisville, Harrods Creek, and Westport Railway
Jim Callahan, entertainer and contestant on Phenomenon

See also
James Callaghan (disambiguation)
Georgia's 12th congressional district

Georgia's 12th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is represented by Republican Rick Allen. The district's boundaries have been redrawn following the 2010 census, which granted an additional congressional seat to Georgia.  The first election using the new district boundaries (listed below) were the 2012 congressional elections.

The district covers portions of the eastern and southeastern parts of the state. It includes the cities of Augusta, Dublin, Douglas, and Statesboro.

Counties 
Lincoln
Wilkes (Partial, see also )
Warren
McDuffie
Columbia
Glascock
Richmond
Jefferson
Washington
Burke
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Treutlen
Johnson
Laurens
Wheeler
Montgomery
Toombs
Candler
Bulloch
Effingham (Partial, see also )
Evans
Tattnall

Former 
Chatham (Partial, see also )
Coffee
Jeff Davis
Appling

Election results from statewide races

List of members representing the district

Election results

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

See also 
 Georgia's 3rd congressional district
 Georgia's congressional districts

References

Further reading

External links
 PDF map of Georgia's 12th district at nationalatlas.gov
 Georgia's 12th congressional district at GovTrack.us
U.S. Census data searchable by congressional district
Opensecrets.org Fundraising data from FEC reports
Analysis of district from Capitaleye.org
2006 results by county from CBSNews.com

12
Constituencies established in 2003
2003 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia's 13th congressional district

Georgia's 13th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. The district is currently represented by Democrat David Scott, though the district's boundaries have been redrawn following the 2010 census, which granted an additional congressional seat to Georgia.  The first election using the new district boundaries (listed below) were the 2012 congressional elections.

The district is located in the southern and western portions of the Atlanta metropolitan area and includes the cities of Austell, Jonesboro, Mableton, Douglasville, Stockbridge, and Union City, as well as the southern fourth of Atlanta itself.

Counties
 Clayton (Partial, see also )
 Cobb (Partial, see also ,  and )
 Douglas (Partial, see also )
 Fayette (Partial, see also )
 Fulton (Partial, see also , , and )
 Henry (Partial, see also  and )

Recent results in statewide elections

List of members representing the district

Election results

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

References

External links
 PDF map of Georgia's 13th district at nationalatlas.gov
 Georgia's 13th congressional district at GovTrack.us

13
Constituencies established in 2003
2003 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
WBWT

WBWT may refer to:

 WZWK-LP, a low-power radio station (101.5 FM) licensed to serve Greenville, South Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WBWT-LP from 2016 to 2018
 WTSJ-LD, the Milwaukee, Wisconsin affiliate for the Spanish-language MundoMax network, formerly known as WBWT-LP
 WWTI-DT2, the CW network affiliate for Watertown, New York, formerly branded as "WBWT"
Morebath

Morebath is an upland village in the county of Devon, England. It is mostly given over to sheep-farming, and situated on the southern edge of Exmoor.

An account of life in Morebath in the 16th century can be read in The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village by Eamon Duffy (published in 2001 by Yale University Press, ). Then, as now, Morebath was populated by no more than 300 people, drawn from some thirty families, living and working on the land. During the often turbulent period of the Reformation, its inhabitants relied on the guidance of their priest, Christopher Trychay, Vicar of Morebath from 1520 to 1574. His detailed hand-written records were transcribed by the Rev. J. Erskine Binney, and published by James G. Commin of Exeter in 1904 as a separate volume in the Devon Notes & Queries series, under the title The Accounts of the Wardens of the Parish of Morebath, Devon. They provide an insight into the life of this small English community. The church is dedicated to St. George.

The village was formerly served by two railway stations. Morebath railway station (initially opened in 1873 as "Morebath and Bampton") on the Devon and Somerset Railway was actually nearer to Shillingford, and about a mile-and-a-half from Morebath itself. Morebath Junction Halt, which opened in 1928, was a single-platform halt set among fields in the valley beyond Ashtown Farm, and had no access road, though there was a footpath to it from Ashtown, which extended along the edge of fields to Chilpark on the B3190, close to the main part of the village. It was served by the Exe Valley Railway, as well as the Devon and Somerset line, and therefore had a better service than Morebath railway station: it was also much closer to Morebath village itself. Both stations closed in 1966.

The actress Caroline Quentin resides in the village with her family.

References

External links

Villages in Mid Devon District
Cokin

Cokin is a French manufacturer of optical filters for photography.  The system allows filters such as rectangular graduated neutral density filters which are versatile in use.

History

Cokin are particularly noted for their "Creative Filter System". It was invented by photographer Jean Coquin and introduced in 1978. Based primarily around square filters, these require a holder which is attached to the lens via a simple adapter ring of the appropriate size. Unlike screw-thread circular filters, which are each tied to lenses of a specific diameter, those in the system can be used with any lens, provided they are large enough to cover it sufficiently. (Only the adapter ring may need changing).

Production 
The system includes a wide range of filters including color correction, plain and coloured graduated filters, diffraction, diffusion and polarizers.  The material is a polymer, CR-39 sometimes advertised as "organic glass".

Cokin produce various differently-sized versions of the Creative Filter System. The smallest is "A" ("Amateur", 67mm wide). The larger "P" ("Professional", 84mm wide) system covers cases where "A" filters are too small to cover the lens (or would cause problems at wider angles). The still-larger "X-Pro" filters are 130mm wide. The "A" and "P" sizes in particular are de facto standards, with many other manufacturers producing compatible filters and holders. Cokin also produce a system for 100mm-wide filters which they refer to as "Z-Pro". "X-Pro" and "Z-Pro" are designed for larger cameras.

References

External links
 Cokin UK website

Optical filters
Via Traiana

The Via Traiana was an ancient Roman road. It was built by the emperor Trajan as an extension of the Via Appia from Beneventum, reaching Brundisium (Brindisi) by a shorter route (i.e. via Canusium, Butuntum and Barium rather than via Tarentum). This was commemorated by an arch at Beneventum.

Background
Via Traiana was constructed in 109 AD by Emperor Trajan at his own expense. It was built during a period of relative freedom from military campaigns. Thus the Via Appia, from which Via Traiana was constructed as an extension, lost its original importance as a military highroad that connected Venosa (Venusia) and Taranto (Tarentum). Furthermore, the maintenance of direct military communications between Venusia, the military colony of 291 BC, and Rome, was no longer needed except in times of civil war, and the Via Appia simply became a means of reaching Brindisi.

Route
Strabo indicates correctly that traveling to Beneventum from Brundisium via the route of the later Via Traiana was a good day shorter than the old Republican road, Via Appia. Although the actual measurement shows Via Appia to be  and Via Traiana  from Brundisium to Beneventum, the difference lies in their topography. There are a number of severe hills and difficult terrain along Via Appia until it reaches Venusia which is about  away from Beneventum. In contrast, although Via Traiana does encounter equally demanding passages as well in the first  from Beneventum, there is not another serious hill all the way to Brundisium.

Roman bridges 

There are the remains of several Roman bridges along the road, including the Ponte dei Ladroni, Ponte delle Chianche, Ponte Pietra, Ponte Rotto (across Carapelle river), Ponte Rotto (across Cervaro river), Ponte sul Ofanto and Ponte Valentino.

See also 
Roman bridge
Roman engineering

References

Sources 

Via Traiana. "The Oxford Classical Dictionary." 3rd ed. 2003.
Strabo. "Geography: Books 6-7." Trans. Horace Leonard Jones. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995.
The Via Traiana. "Papers of the British School at Rome," Vol. VIII, No.5; pages 104-171. London: Macmillan & Co., Limited, 1916.

Traiana, Via
Trajan
2nd-century establishments in Italy
109 establishments
100s establishments in the Roman Empire
Speckled trout

Speckled trout may refer to:

 Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), a freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae
 Cynoscion nebulosus, also called spotted seatrout, a coastal saltwater or brackish water fish in the family Sciaenidae (drums)
 The modified C-135 Stratolifter used by the United States Air Force Chief of Staff