Oslo Cathedral School

Schola Osloensis, known in Norwegian as Oslo Katedralskole (Oslo Cathedral School) and more commonly as "Katta", is a selective upper secondary school located in Oslo, Norway. The school offers the college preparatory  (literal translation: specialization for studies) of the Norwegian school system. Oslo Cathedral School is one of four schools in Norway that can trace its origins directly to the Middle Ages. It is generally regarded as one of Norway's most prestigious schools, which celebrated its 850th anniversary in 2003.

The school's motto is the Latin phrase  which translates to "We do not learn for the sake of the school, but for the sake of life".

History
According to tradition, the school was founded in 1153 by papal delegate Cardinal Nicholas Breakspeare and administered by the Cathedral of Saint Hallvard. From its foundation until the 18th century, the school was used primarily to educate priests. Thus, the school's teaching traditions were those of the Roman Catholic Church. As with most of Europe at the time, lessons were based on an educational curriculum known as the Liberal Arts. This curriculum consisted of seven different subjects the students were required to learn, and was organized in two groups: Trivium and Quadrivium. The Trivium (Latin for three ways), taught first, comprised grammar, logic, and rhetoric. After Trivium followed the Quadrivium (Latin for four ways): geometry, arithmetic, music, and astronomy. The language used was Latin and remained so until the 18th century. Unlike most other Norwegian state schools, Latin is still taught at the school today.

The 17th century is known in the school's history as "Det lærde århundre" (literal translation: the learned century) because some of the school's teachers were among the most educated scholars in Norway at the time. After a great fire destroyed much of Oslo in 1624, the city was relocated and reconstructed, forcing the school to change its location. After a new gymnasium was opened in Christiania (Oslo's name until 1878), students were offered lessons in extracurricular subjects, including astronomy, philosophy, physics, and metaphysics.

During the end of the 18th century, several reforms were implemented in Norwegian Latin-schools. Norwegian language started to be used more within the classroom; natural science lessons were given more priority; and school libraries were established. Disciplinary punishment was uncommon and used only as a last resort. Ideas from the contemporary Age of Enlightenment were also implemented, one of them being the encouragement of students to do their best.

The tradition of Latin being mandatory was abolished in 1869 - students were then given the choice between a three-year-long school run with Latin or with natural sciences.

During World War II, the German occupants employed parts of the school building, though teaching continued as usual. However, several of the teachers were involved in resistance activities against the Germans. One of the central figures of this resistance was caught while escaping to Sweden. He subsequently committed suicide in prison to avoid being coerced into revealing the resistance's activities.

Patrick Thomas Stark, appointed in 2020, is the current headmaster of the school.

Previous Headmasters
Niels Treschow
Jacob Rosted
Hartvig Nissen
Ludvig Vibe
Eva Blomfeldt

Notable alumni 

Caspar Wessel (1745-1818), mathematician
Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829), mathematician
Henrik Wergeland (1808-1845), poet
Johan Sverdrup (1816-1892), prime minister of Norway
Johannes Irgens (1869 - 1939), minister of foreign affairs
Otto Bahr Halvorsen (1872-1923), prime minister of Norway
Edvard Munch (1863-1944), painter
Otto Ruge (1882-1961), general, commander-in-chief of the Norwegian Armed Forces
Arne Sunde (1883-1972), president of the United Nations Security Council 1949 and 1950
Rolf Nordhagen (1894-1979), botanist
Trygve Haavelmo (1911-1999), professor in economics, recipient of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Economics
Astrid Nøklebye Heiberg (1936-2020), former minister of administration and consumer affairs, former president of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Harald V (1937-), king of Norway
Johan Jørgen Holst (1937-1994), minister of foreign affairs and minister of defense
Egil Kraggerud (1939-), philologist
Jon Elster (1940-), philosopher and social scientist, professor at Columbia University and Collège de France
Arne Treholt (1942-), diplomat, convicted of espionage in 1985
Mads Gilbert (1947-), doctor and humanitarian worker
Jostein Gaarder (1952-), author
Erik Solheim (1955-), diplomat, former minister of the environment and international development
Jens Stoltenberg (1959-), secretary general of NATO (from October 1, 2014), former prime minister of Norway
Kjetil Try (1959-), advertising agency executive and crime fiction writer
Erling Kagge (1963-), explorer and publisher
Espen Barth Eide (1964-), former minister of foreign affairs, minister of climate and environment 
Thomas Seltzer (1969-), musician (Turbonegro), TV talk show host
Anders Danielsen Lie (1979-), actor, musician, physician
Bjørnar Moxnes (1981-), leader of the Red Party

See also
 List of the oldest schools in the world

References

External links
Oslo katedralskole's web site
Information in English
The student council's web page (Norwegian)
Oslo katedralskole's history (Norwegian)
 Dei skjulte bokskattane [The hidden book-treasures]

Secondary schools in Norway
Cathedral schools
Schools in Oslo
1153 establishments in Europe
12th-century establishments in Norway
Educational institutions established in the 12th century
Oslo Municipality