alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Lauter

Lauter may refer to:

People
Lauter (surname)

Places
Lauter, Saxony, town in the district of Aue-Schwarzenberg, Saxony, Germany
Lauter, Bavaria, village in the district of Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany

Rivers
Lauter (Baunach), tributary to the Baunach in Bavaria, Germany
Lauter (Blau), tributary to the Blau in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Lauter (Danube), or "Große Lauter", tributary to the Danube in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Lauter (Fils), tributary to the Fils in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Lauter (Glan), or "Waldlauter", tributary to the Glan in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Lauter (Hasel), tributary to the Hasel in Thuringia, Germany
Lauter (Itz), tributary to the Itz in Bavaria, Germany
Lauter (Murr), tributary to the Murr in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Lauter (Neckar), tributary to the Neckar in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Lauter (Rhine), or "Wieslauter", tributary to the Rhine in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, and in Alsace, France
Lauter (Odenwald), tributary of the Rhine in Hesse, Germany, springs in the Odenwald
Lauter (Schlitz), tributary to the Schlitz in Hesse, Germany

See also
Lauder (disambiguation)
Lautering, process in brewing beer
HNoMS Gor (1884)

The HNoMS Gor was a Gor-class Rendel gunboat built for the Royal Norwegian Navy at Karljohansvern Naval Yard in Horten in 1884. She was one of a class of two gunboats - the other ship in her class being Tyr. The Gor and Tyr can be seen as improved Vale-class gunboats.

Construction and armament
Gor was built at Karljohansvern Naval Yard in Horten, and had yard number 64.

Her main gun was 7.8m meters long, or about a quarter of the length of the whole vessel. In addition she was armed with three smaller, automatic guns for self defence.

Shortly before World War I, Gor was rebuilt as a mine layer. During this rebuild, the heavy gun and one of the 37 mm guns was replaced with two more potent 76 mm guns. Since the heavy gun and ammunition was removed, Gor could carry 55 mines.

Service history
Gor was kept in service until the German invasion in 1940. Until the surrender of Norwegian forces in southern Norway, she mostly operated in the Sognefjord, and she fell into German hands for the remainder of the war.

After World War II, Gor was returned to the Royal Norwegian Navy, and scrapped shortly thereafter.

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links
 Naval history via Flix: Gor, retrieved 1 March 2006

Naval ships of Norway captured by Germany during World War II
Ships built in Horten
Gor-class gunboats
World War II minelayers of Norway
1884 ships
Alexander Gauk

Alexander Vassilievich Gauk (; 30 March 1963) was a Soviet conductor and composer.

Biography 
Alexander Gauk was born in Odessa in 1893. He recalled his first experience as hearing army bands and his mother singing and accompanying herself at the piano. When he was seven he began piano studies and at 17 travelled to St. Petersburg and managed to gain entrance to the class of Daugover, later moving over to Felix Blumenfeld. He saw Arthur Nikisch, Claude Debussy, and Richard Strauss conduct and was particularly taken with Nikisch.

Career 
Gauk's first conducting experience was in 1912 with a student orchestra, and professionally on 1 October 1917 for a production of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Cherevichki at the Petrograd Musical Drama Theatre. He spent much of the 1920s as conductor for the Mariinsky Ballet. He married the ballerina Elena Gerdt.

From 1930 to 1934, he was chief conductor of the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra.  On 6 November 1931, he conducted that orchestra and the Academy Capella Choir in the world premiere of Dmitri Shostakovich's Third Symphony.

From 1932 he worked in Moscow and became chief conductor of a new radio orchestra in 1936, which evolved into the USSR State Symphony Orchestra. During the Second World War, after escaping from Riga, he taught in Moscow, before spending two years at the Tbilisi Conservatory and reviving the Georgian State Symphony Orchestra.

He helped to reconstruct Sergei Rachmaninoff's First Symphony from the orchestral parts found in the archives of the Moscow Conservatory in 1944; the manuscript score was lost in the 1920s. He conducted the world premiere of Aram Khachaturian's Cello Concerto in Moscow in 1946.

Gauk's own compositions include a symphony, chamber works for strings and works for piano. He left an unfinished autobiography.

His discography is now only partly available; Brilliant Classics released two box sets (Vol. 1, 2008; Vol. 2, 2010) with recordings taken from broadcasts of works by Russian and other composers.

His most notable students were Edouard Grikurov, Yevgeny Mravinsky, Ilya Musin, and Yevgeny Svetlanov.

References 

1893 births
1963 deaths
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
Russian male composers
20th-century Russian conductors (music)
Russian male conductors (music)
20th-century composers
20th-century Russian male musicians
White-bellied treepie

The white-bellied treepie (Dendrocitta leucogastra) is a bird of the crow family endemic to the forests of southern India. They overlap in distribution in some areas with the rufous treepie but are easy to tell apart both from appearance and call.

Description 
The white of the head and body makes it easy to distinguish from the sympatric rufous treepie. This tends to be found in more dense forest and is less associated with human habitation than the rufous treepie. The white-bellied treepie is  long. The back of the neck is white, and the throat and breast are black. The thighs are black, and the undertail coverts are chestnut. The rest of the underparts is white. The back is chestnut-brown. The wings are black and have a white patch. The rump is white. Two-thirds of the two central tail feathers are silver-grey, and the terminal third is black. The other tail feathers are black. The beak is black, and the legs are greyish-black.

Distribution 
It is found in the forests of the Western Ghats mainly south of Goa. A record from Erimalai near Dharmapuri and reports from the Surat Dangs and the southeastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh stand outside its main distribution range. A record from central India (Chikalda, Gawilgarh) has been questioned.

Behaviour and ecology
The white-bellied treepie eats fruits, seeds, nectar, invertebrates, reptiles, rodents, nestlings and eggs. When calling, the bird bows and droops its wings. Several birds may arrive at one tree and call repeatedly during the pre-monsoon breeding season (mainly April–May but some nests from February). The nest is a platform of twigs on a medium-sized tree. Three eggs are laid, ashy grey with green and grey blotches.

It is associated with mixed-species foraging flocks and is often found along with greater racket-tailed drongos.

Gallery

References

white-bellied treepie
Birds of South India
Endemic birds of India
white-bellied treepie
MP-PET

Madhya Pradesh-Pre Engineering Test was a state level examination organised by the Vyapam Board for admission to Engineering Colleges in Madhya Pradesh, India. After 2007 over 1 million students participated in the exam each year  It was conducted by Vyapam, the Professional Examination Board of Madhya Pradesh. Vyapam had been conducting the MP-PET since 1981. PET was based on syllabus of subjects Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics of grade 11 and 12.

The examination is replaced by Joint Entrance Examination in 2014.

Format
MP PET format of exam paper was objective type questions with single correct choice. Till, 2011 PET exam was conducted in 2 sets containing 100 questions each, first set of Mathematics and other of Physics and Chemistry. Each set was of 2 hours duration. But, in 2012 and 2013, PET was conducted in 1 set only of 3 hours duration and containing 100 questions of Mathematics and 50-50 questions from Physics and Chemistry. The marking scheme was +1 for correct answers and 0  for the incorrect answer. Earlier the marking used to be out of 900 points (300 each for Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics), and it included negative marking. 3 points for the correct answer and -1 for the wrong answer.

MP-PET 2015 Eligibility
 
1. Students should pass in 10+2 scheme of MP Board of Secondary Education or equivalent with Physics, Chemistry, Maths and English securing 55% marks in aggregate.
2. Compartmental candidates are not considered.
3. Candidates who have appeared in the final year exam are also eligible.
4. Age of Candidates must be not more than 21 years on October 1 of the year of admission.
 
MP-PET 2015 Exam Pattern
 
It consists of objective type multiple choice questions (MCQs) in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry (300 marks each).
[The first part of MP-PET exam will have questions based on the subjects Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. The second part will be optional and it can be any one of the following subjects such as Physics & Chemistry, Physics & Biotechnology and Physics & Biology. Totally 100 questions will be asked and each part carries 50 questions.]
Medium of the exam is English.
There is no negative marking in this test.

References
MPPET 2015

Engineering colleges in Madhya Pradesh
Engineering entrance examinations in India
1981 establishments in Madhya Pradesh
Gianandrea Gavazzeni

Gianandrea Gavazzeni (25 July 19095 February 1996) was an Italian pianist, conductor (especially of opera), composer and musicologist.

Gavazzeni was born in Bergamo.  For almost 50 years, starting from 1948, he was principal conductor at La Scala, Milan, in 1966–68 being its music and artistic director.

He had his Metropolitan Opera debut on 11 October 1976.  He conducted eight performances of Giuseppe Verdi's Il trovatore that year at the Met.

His compositions include: concertos such as 'Concerto bergamasco'; 'The Song of St Alexander'; and sonatas.

His last wife was the soprano Denia Mazzola-Gavazzeni. In January 1993, at age 83, he conducted Jules Massenet's Esclarmonde at Teatro Massimo di Palermo, with his wife singing the title role.  It was the first time he had conducted this opera.

Gianandrea Gavazzeni died on 5 February 1996.

References

Biography of Gianandrea Gavazzeni
New York Times, Gavazzeni's death announcement

1909 births
1996 deaths
Musicians from Bergamo
Italian classical composers
Italian male classical composers
Italian male conductors (music)
Italian opera composers
Male opera composers
Italian classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Italian male pianists
20th-century classical composers
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century Italian composers
20th-century Italian musicologists
20th-century Italian conductors (music)
20th-century Italian male musicians
Zoological medicine

Zoological medicine refers to the specialty of veterinary medicine that addresses the care of captive zoo animals, free ranging wildlife species, aquatic animals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and includes non-domestic companion animals (or exotic pets). Zoological medicine incorporates principles of ecology, wildlife conservation, and veterinary medicine, and applies them to wild animals in natural and artificial environments.
As a specialty of veterinary medicine in the United States, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) has recognized the College of Zoological Medicine as the governing body of this specialty field since 1983. As such, zoological medicine is equivalent to other subspecialties of veterinary medicine (such as surgery, anesthesia, internal medicine, pathology, etc.), which are recognized and governed by their particular colleges. 

The American College of Zoological Medicine (ACZM) is an international organization composed of 152 members (as of May 2014), which recognizes, establishes and regulates standards and criteria necessary for veterinarians to be true specialists in zoological medicine.   The board certification in zoological medicine encompasses expertise in general captive zoo medicine, aquatic animal medicine, avian medicine, reptile and amphibian medicine, and free-ranging wildlife medicine. A specialist in zoological medicine recognized by the College of Zoological Medicine is called a diplomate.  Board certified diplomates of the ACZM serve as clinical veterinarians, zoo managers, wildlife veterinarians, wildlife conservation agents, researchers, teachers, government officials, and other similar leadership roles. Current certifying examinations are available in general zoo, wildlife, aquatics and zoological companion animals.

Zoological Medicine Training Programs
The following Training Programs are approved by the American College of Zoological Medicine:
Illinois Zoological & Aquatic Animal Residency Program (IZAAR)
Veterinary College at Copenhagen University (Copenhagen Zoo)
Lincoln Park Zoo
Ohio State University (Columbus Zoo)
National Zoological Park 
Cornell University
North Carolina State University 
Louisiana State University
Oklahoma State University (Oklahoma City Zoo/Tulsa Zoo)
Michigan State University (Potter Park Zoo/Toledo Zoo/Michigan DNR) 
Ontario Veterinary College (Toronto Zoo)
Texas A&M University
University of California Davis (Captive Wildlife Emphasis/ Zoological Companion Animal Emphasis)
University of Georgia 
University of Florida
University of Tennessee
University of Wisconsin-Madison
University of Zurich (Zurich Zoo)
University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover (Wuppertal Zoo)
Wildlife Conservation Society
Université de Montréal (Granby Zoo)

References

External links
American College of Zoological Medicine
American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
Wildlife Disease Association
Association of Avian Veterinarians
Association of Reptile and Amphibian Veterinarians
Association of Exotic Mammal Veterinarians
International Association for Aquatic Animal Medicine
Smithsonian National Zoo's Spotlight on Veterinary Medicine

Veterinary professions
Gor-class gunboat

The Gor class was a class of two Rendel (or "flat-iron") gunboats built for the Royal Norwegian Navy between 1884 and 1887. Small, nimble vessels, they were armed with a single large-caliber gun for offensive purposes and several small, quick-firing guns for self-defense.

The main gun was large for such a small craft, roughly a quarter of the length of the whole vessel, and of the same caliber as heavy battleship guns of the same era. The Gor class was likely built in the belief that the ships would be able to inflict serious damage to an opposing battleship.

Service history and fate
Shortly before the First World War, both vessels were rebuilt as minelayers. During this reconstruction, the heavy, large-caliber gun was replaced with a more modern 12 cm breech-loader, and one of the 37 mm guns was replaced with a more potent 57 mm (Tyr) or 76 mm (Gor) gun. With the heavy gun and ammunition removed, these diminutive vessels could carry a useful number of mines.

Both vessels were kept in service until the German invasion in 1940, and both fell into German hands for the remainder of the war.

After the Second World War, the vessels were returned to the Royal Norwegian Navy, and subsequently decommissioned.

References

 Naval history via Flix: KNM Gor, retrieved 1 March 2006
 Byggenummer ved Horten verft, retrieved 1 March 2006
 Ships of the Norwegian navy, retrieved 1 March 2006

Gunboat classes
National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape

The National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape was an American research center that compiled and provided information on date and marital rape cases, and on legislation regarding them, and media publications on these subjects, as well as acting as an advocate for marital and date rape victims. It began in 1978 as a project of the Women's History Research Center, with Laura X as its director. It published a pamphlet on the landmark 1978 Oregon v. Rideout case, in which a man was acquitted of raping his wife; the case was the first time in American history a husband was tried for raping his wife while they were living together. In 1983 the National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape conducted the world's first conference on marital rape. In 2004 the Clearinghouse closed, but it maintains its website for posterity.

References

External links
 National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape website
 Rideout Case

Women's organizations based in the United States
Marital rape
Markku Koski

Markku Koski (born 15 October 1981) is a Finnish professional snowboarder from Sievi. He is well known within the snowboarding community for his consistent showing in half-pipe competitions and for his video parts with Standard Films. Koski won the bronze medal at 2006 Winter Olympics in the Halfpipe competition, and he won a gold medal in the Big Air competition at the 2009 Snowboard World Championships.

References 
 FIS-Ski.com Biography/Results

1981 births
Living people
Snowboarders at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Finnish male snowboarders
Olympic snowboarders for Finland
Olympic bronze medalists for Finland
Olympic medalists in snowboarding
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
X Games athletes
People from Sievi
Sportspeople from North Ostrobothnia
21st-century Finnish people
Latent variable model

A latent variable model is a statistical model that relates a set of observable variables (also called manifest variables or indicators) to a set of latent variables.

It is assumed that the responses on the indicators or manifest variables are the result of an individual's position on the latent variable(s), and that the manifest variables have nothing in common after controlling for the latent variable (local independence).

Different types of the latent variable models can be grouped according to whether the manifest and latent variables are categorical or continuous:

The Rasch model represents the simplest form of item response theory.  Mixture models are central to latent profile analysis.

In factor analysis and latent trait analysis the latent variables are treated  as continuous normally distributed variables, and in latent profile analysis  and latent class analysis as from a multinomial distribution.  The manifest variables in factor analysis and latent profile analysis  are continuous and in most cases, their conditional distribution given the latent variables  is assumed to be normal. In latent trait analysis and latent class analysis,  the manifest variables are discrete. These variables could be dichotomous, ordinal or nominal variables.  Their conditional distributions are assumed to be binomial or multinomial.

Because the distribution of a continuous latent variable can be approximated by a discrete distribution,  the distinction between continuous and discrete variables turns out not to be fundamental at all. Therefore, there may be a psychometrical latent variable, but not a psychological psychometric variable.

See also
 Confirmatory factor analysis
 Hidden Markov model
 Partial least squares path modeling
 Structural equation modeling

Notes

References

Further reading 
 

 Latent variable model
British International School (Moscow)

The British International School of Moscow (BIS) is a private international school in Moscow, Russia. The school was founded in 1994 to meet the needs of expatriate or Russian parents who wished for their children to be taught in English using the English National Curriculum, as adapted to meet the needs of international pupils.

Overview
The majority of students are from Russia and also from around the world. The school is split into two regions, with some schools being in the 'North' and the others in the 'South'. These campuses which are based in many use cases, are directly adjacent to or close to large industrial areas.

Campuses
The School has 6 campuses.

BISM 1 (Infant Education-Voikovskaya region of Moscow). The Northern Infant School caters for children between the ages of 3 and 7. Its  programme   incorporates all subjects according to the English Curriculum Foundation Stage (Nursery/Reception classes) and Key Stage One (Years 1 & 2). The school also has a Russian language programme that begins at Year 1 and is taught by Russian teachers on three levels to accommodate   native and non-native Russian students.

BISM 2 (Primary Education-Voikovskaya region of Moscow). The Northern Campus Junior School caters for children between the ages of 6 and 11.  The school follows the English National Curriculum adapted to meet the needs of a mobile international community.

BISM 3 (Secondary Education-Yasenevo region of Moscow). The Southern Secondary Campus follows the National Curriculum for England and is an IBO World School. The school offers a complete educational programme for children ages 11–18. After completing Year 11, pupils can stay on to study the International Baccalaureate Diploma. Pupils come from currently 45 nationalities.  The school has a well-equipped ICT facility, including interactive whiteboards to supplement teaching.

BISM 5 (Primary and Secondary Education Russian style, Nakhimovskiy prospekt (Profsoyuznaya) region of Moscow). The Russian curriculum school of the British International School is located in the South-West of Moscow. The school provides education in the Russian curriculum with elements of the British system, including the teaching of English by native speakers.

BISM 7 (Secondary Education – Voikovskaya region). The Northern Senior Campus in Voikovskaya offers an educational programme for children ages 11–18. After completing Year 11, pupils may stay within BISM to study the British A-level Programme on the Northern campus or the International Baccalaureate Diploma programme at the Southern School 3 campus.

BISM 9 (Primary Education-Nakhimovskiy prospekt, Profsouznaya region of Moscow). School 9 is located in central southwest Moscow next to the metro station "Profsoyuznaya". Students may enroll in an English Curriculum primary school (Reception, Key stages 1&2) for pupils aged 3–11.

See also
 Russian Embassy School in London - Russian school in London

References

British international schools in Russia
International schools in Moscow
1994 establishments in Russia
Educational institutions established in 1994
Madhya Pradesh Employees Selection Board

The Madhya Pradesh Employees Selection Board (MPESB), previously the Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board and commonly known as Vyapam (an abbreviation of its Hindi name Madhya Pradesh Vyavsayik Pariksha Mandal), is a government agency of Madhya Pradesh, India. It conducts various tests for admission to professional courses and streams. It is the largest examination conducting body of Madhya Pradesh government and comes directly under the Directorate of Technical Education (Government of Madhya Pradesh). The Madhya Pradesh Employees Selection Board is a self-financed, autonomous incorporated body of State Govt. The Government has re-constituted the Board of Directors for taking decisions on policy and organizational matters through Madhya Pradesh Employees Selection Board Act 2020.

The agency made national news for the Vyapam scam, a massive admission and recruitment scam involving politicians, senior officials and businessmen. After the scam was unearthed, 2,000 people were arrested, including the state's former education minister, Laxmikant Sharma, and Vyapam exam controller Pankaj Trivedi.

History

Early history
The Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board was initially established as the Pre Medical Test Board in 1970. In 1981, the Pre Engineering Board was constituted, and the agencies were merged by order on 17 April 1982 into the Professional Examination Board, which was assigned the responsibility of conducting entrance tests for admission to various colleges in the state.

Vyapam scam

In 2013, a major scheme to manipulate the results of examinations conducted by the Professional Examination Board was unearthed by state police. That July, Indore Police arrested 20 people who took the medical entrance examination on behalf of others. In 2015, the case was transferred to the Central Bureau of Investigation, which accused 3,500 people in 154 proceedings.

Renaming
In 2022, the agency was renamed the Employees Selection Board (Hindi: Karamchari Chayan Board) and moved under the responsibility of the state's General Administration Department. The change in name had been pending since 2015.

Examinations conducted

The Employees Selection Board conducts the following examinations:

 Pre-Polytechnic Test
 Pre-Architecture Test
 Pre-Agriculture Test
 Pre-P.G. Entrance Test
 Pre-M.C.A. Entrance Test
 Management Entrance Test
 Pre-General Nursing Talent Search Test
 B.A., L.L.B. (Hons) Entrance Test
 Pre-BEd Examination
 MPSLET Test
 Police Recruitment Test
 Typing paper Hindi
 Accountant
 Auditor
 General Nursing Training Selection Test (GNTST)
 Pre Nursing Selection test (PNST)
 Pre-veterinary and Fisheries Test (PV & FT)
 Forest Guard

References

External links
 Directorate of Technical Education (Government of Madhya Pradesh)

Education in Madhya Pradesh
School boards in India
Standardised tests in India
Engineering education in India
State agencies of Madhya Pradesh
Corruption in Madhya Pradesh
Baedalwang

The Baedalwang was a Go competition.

Outline
The Baedalwang was decided in a best-of-5 match where each player had 3 hours to think. The komi was 6.5. This tournament ran from 1993 to 2000.

Winners & runners-up

Go competitions in South Korea
The Formalist

The Formalist: A Journal of Metrical Poetry was a literary periodical, founded and edited by William Baer, which was published twice a year from 1990 to the fall/winter issue of 2004. The headquarters of the magazine was in Evansville, Indiana.

The Formalist published contemporary, metrical verse.  Poets whose work has appeared in the journal include: Howard Nemerov, Richard Wilbur, Derek Walcott, Mona Van Duyn, Donald Justice, James Merrill, Maxine Kumin, Karl Shapiro, W. S. Merwin, May Swenson, W. D. Snodgrass, Louis Simpson, John Updike, Fred Chappell, and John Hollander.

From 1994 to 2005 The Formalist awarded the Howard Nemerov Sonnet Award.

See also

New Formalism
Measure

References

External links
 

Defunct literary magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1990
Magazines disestablished in 2004
Biannual magazines published in the United States
Poetry magazines published in the United States
Magazines published in Indiana
Mass media in Evansville, Indiana
Trillium (series)

Trillium is a series of five fantasy novels by Marion Zimmer Bradley, Julian May, and Andre Norton, each with the word "trillium" in the title. They take place in a post-holocaust world that is hinted to be a colony of earth on another planet where magic works.

The German literature agent Uwe Luserke in 1989 devised the concept of three fantasy authors coming together to collaborate to produce a novel: this would describe three different life stories bound together by a single A-Plot  of a story of three princesses, who were robbed of their kingdom and try to survive in a hostile world.  Norton,  Bradley and May agreed to join in the project. May wrote her  vision of the story, which Bantam Books  agreed to publish  and bought the rights for it.  The three collaborated on the first novel,  Black Trillium:  Bradley wrote Haramis' chapters, May authored Anigel's, and Norton contributed Kadiya's. 

May wrote two sequels, Blood Trillium and Sky Trillium, and Norton and Bradley wrote one each - Golden Trillium and Lady of the Trillium, respectively. Lady of the Trillium takes place many years after the first three novels in the series, and tells of the efforts of the only living sister to find and train a successor to lead the world.

A review of Black Trillium in The Rotarian criticized, among other things, "the deadly dull characters, and a boring landscape"; ascribing the issues to the fact that there were "too many cooks". The series is described as having "shallow" characterization, but "intense imagery". Antonio Ballesteros González and Lucía Mora González wrote that while the main characters fell into typical archetypes in high fantasy, they applauded the fact that the main characters were women.

Novels 

 Black Trillium (1990, by Marion Zimmer Bradley, Julian May, and Andre Norton)
 Blood Trillium (1992, by Julian May)
 Golden Trillium (1993, by Andre Norton)
 Lady of the Trillium (1995, by Marion Zimmer Bradley)
 Sky Trillium (1997, by Julian May)

References

Fantasy novel series
Gdynia Orłowo railway station

Gdynia Orłowo railway station is a railway station serving the city of Gdynia, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station was built between 1927 and 1928 and is located in the Orłowo district on the Gdańsk–Stargard railway and the parallel Gdańsk Śródmieście–Rumia railway. The train services are operated by Przewozy Regionalne and SKM Tricity.

When the station opened it was known as Orłowo Morskie, as it did not become part of Gdynia until 1935. In the years 1928-1939 the station functioned as the border station with the Free City of Danzig (Gdańsk). Before World War II and shortly afterwards, the station had a ticket office, cash luggage, waiting room and a buffet. In 2014 the regional platforms were modernised, including the construction of a new platform, the track and signalling equipment.

Train services
The station is served by the following services:

Regional services (R) Tczew — Gdynia Chylonia 
Regional services (R) Tczew — Słupsk  
Regional services (R) Malbork — Słupsk  
Regional services (R) Malbork — Gdynia Chylonia 
Regional services (R) Elbląg — Gdynia Chylonia 
Regional services (R) Elbląg — Słupsk  
Regional services (R) Chojnice — Tczew — Gdynia Główna 
Regional services (R) Gdynia Chylonia — Smętowo 
Regional services (R) Gdynia Chylonia — Laskowice Pomorskie 
Regional services (R) Gdynia Chylonia — Bydgoszcz Główna 
Regional services (R) Słupsk — Bydgoszcz Główna 
Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna services (R) Kościerzyna — Gdańsk Port Lotniczy (Airport) — Gdańsk Wrzeszcz — Gdynia Główna
Szybka Kolej Miejska services (SKM) (Lębork -) Wejherowo - Reda - Rumia - Gdynia - Sopot - Gdansk

References

External links

Railway stations served by Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity)
Orlowo
Railway stations served by Przewozy Regionalne InterRegio
Railway stations in Poland opened in 1928
Spurline

The spurline is a type of radio-frequency and microwave distributed element filter with band-stop (notch) characteristics, most commonly used with microstrip transmission lines. Spurlines usually exhibit moderate to narrow-band rejection, at about 10% around the central frequency.

Spurline filters are very convenient for dense integrated circuits because of their inherently compact design and ease of integration: they occupy surface that corresponds only to a quarter-wavelength transmission line.

Structure description 
It consists of a normal microstrip line breaking into a pair of smaller coupled lines that rejoin after a quarter-wavelength distance. Only one of the input ports of the coupled lines is connected to the feed microstrip, as shown in the figure below. The orange area of the illustration is the microstrip transmission line conductor and the gray color the exposed dielectric.

Where  is the wavelength corresponding to the central rejection frequency of the bandstop filter, measured - of course - in the microstrip line material. This is the most important parameter of the filter that sets the rejection band.

The distance between the two coupled lines can be selected appropriately to fine-tune the filter. The smaller the distance, the narrower the stop-band in terms of rejection. Of course that is limited by the circuit-board printing resolution, and it is usually considered at about 10% of the input microstrip width.

The gap between the input microstrip line and the one open-circuited line of the coupler has a negligible effect on the frequency response of the filter. Therefore, it is considered approximately equal to the distance of the two coupled lines.

Printed antennae
Spurlines can also be used in printed antennae such as the planar inverted-F antenna.  The additional resonances can be designed to widen the antenna bandwidth or to create multiple bands, for instance, for a tri-band mobile phone.

History
A spurline filter was first proposed by Schiffman and Matthaei in stripline form in 1964.  Bates adapted the design for microstrip in 1977.  Nguyen and Hsieh improved the analysis for microstrip implementations in 1983.

References

 C. Nguyen and K. Chang, “On the analysis and design of spurline bandstop filters,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1416–1421, Dec. 1985.

Primary sources
 B. M. Schiffman; G. L. Matthaei, "Exact design of band-stop microwave filters", IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 12, iss. 1, pp. 6-15, 1964.
 R. N. Bates, "Design of microstrip spur-line band-stop filters", IEEE Journal on Microwave Optics and Acoustics, vol. 1, iss. 6, pp. 209-204, November 1977.
 C. Nguyen; C. Hsieh, Millimeter wave printed circuit spurline filters", IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 98-100, 1983.

Microwave technology
Distributed element circuits
Scuffletown

Scuffletown may refer to:

Scuffletown, Bullitt County, Kentucky
Scuffletown, Henderson County, Kentucky
Scuffletown, Virginia
Surry, Virginia, former name
Scuffletown, North Carolina
EUPM

EUPM may refer to:

 European style power metal, a subgenre of heavy metal music
 European Union Police Mission, any of a number of European Union military and civilian overseas missions

Disambiguation pages
D50 (radiotherapy)

D50 in medicine is the half-maximal dose: the dose that produces 50% of the maximum response.  It may specifically refer to the radiation dose required to achieve a 50% tumor control probability.

See also 
 , is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.

References

Radiation therapy
Wahpper

"Wahpper" is a 40-foot long fiberglass sculpture of a catfish beside the Red River of the North in Wahpeton, North Dakota, United States.

Description and history
Wahpper can be found at the north end of Wahpeton, on the banks of the Red River within the Kidder Dam Recreation Area. The sculpture is 40 feet long, 12 feet tall (including its pedestal) and weighs more than 5,000 pounds.

Wahpeton's Visitor's Committee (now the Convention and Visitors Bureau) viewed a giant sculpture as a good way to market the town and its natural resources. The Red River is formed by the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail Rivers, and the headwaters is in Wahpeton; people come from multiple states to fish the river's abundant channel catfish. $12,000 was raised to create the sculpture, which was raised by multiple organizations, including the Wahpeton Visitors Committee, the Wahpeton Park Board, and local businesses. It was placed at the site on August 3, 1997, with a opening celebration that included serving catfish to guests.

The artist was Dave Oswold, the same sculptor that created other fiberglass creations such as Salem Sue in New Salem, North Dakota and the 143-foot long sculpture of a muskie at the National Fresh Water Fishing Hall of Fame in Hayward, Wisconsin. The Wahpeton sculpture is credited as the world's largest sculpture of a catfish, however, there is a larger catfish statue in Dunnville, Ontario standing at 50 feet long and 27 feet high. The fish's name, "Wahpper," is a playful nod towards a very big fish, or a "whopper," combined with the town's name. During the river's spring flooding, the sculpture is surrounded by water, giving the impression the fish is swimming.

References

Outdoor sculptures in North Dakota
Buildings and structures in Richland County, North Dakota
Tourist attractions in Richland County, North Dakota
Roadside attractions in North Dakota
Fiberglass sculptures in North Dakota
Sculptures of fish in the United States
Wahpeton, North Dakota
Siluriformes
1997 sculptures
1997 establishments in North Dakota
Animal sculptures in North Dakota
Brotherton Park and Dibbinsdale Local Nature Reserve

Brotherton Park and Dibbinsdale Local Nature Reserve informally known as Dibbinsdale is a combined park and local nature reserve managed by the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral and located in Bromborough, Merseyside, England.

History
Dibbinsdale takes its name from the River Dibbin which flows through the area. It is thought to have formed part of the boundary in the 10th and 11th centuries between the Norse colony in Wirral, to the north and west, and Anglo-Saxon Mercia to the east and south.  After the Norman Conquest, the whole area became part of the Hundred of Wirral. In the 1800s the land on which Brotherton Park resides was part of an estate called 'Woodslee', this estate was bought in 1866 by a Liverpool Merchant called Robert Rankin who built 'Woodslee' house on the site as a wedding present for his daughter. The estate comprised Woodslee, servants cottages, a lake, stables, coach house, a walled garden and formal gardens with a rockery. At some stage it was sold William Johnston of Liverpool who is listed as living there in the 1901 Census. In 1919 the estate was bought by Lord Brotherton, an industrialist and member of parliament who donated the estate to the council in the 1930s, by the 1940s the house had become dilapidated and was demolished. In 1978 Brotherton Park and Dibbinsdale was designated a local nature reserve owing to the ancient woodland and became a single entity with much of Dibbinsdale donated by the Lancelyn Green family.

Brotherton Park

Brotherton Park is an urban park with an informal grassed area for recreation, dog walking and picnicking.

Dibbinsdale Local Nature Reserve

Dibbinsdale is a local nature reserve with a woodland valley which is an example of ancient woodland in the Merseyside area. It is also a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Facilities
The park has woodland walks, nature trails, a meadow, historic woodland, wetland habitats, a small unmanned visitor centre, a rangers office, toilets and a free car park.

References

External links

 Metropolitan Borough of Wirral: Brotherton Park & Dibbinsdale LNR
 Metropolitan Borough of Wirral: Dibbinsdale SSSI
 Metropolitan Borough of Wirral: Nature Conservation 
 Steven Round Bird Photography - Many wild bird images from Dibbinsdale

Parks and commons in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Merseyside
Local Nature Reserves in Merseyside
Geoffrey Scott (actor)

Geoffrey Chase Scott (February 22, 1942 – February 23, 2021) was an American actor and stuntman best known for appearing on the television series Dynasty for two seasons (1982 to 1984) as Mark Jennings, the first husband of Krystle Carrington (played by series star Linda Evans). Other nighttime series regular contracts included Concrete Cowboys and Cliff Hangers. In film he co-starred with Jane Fonda in The Morning After. His last appearance before retiring was in Hulk.

Early years 
Scott was born on February 22, 1942, in Hollywood, California. His parents were Reed (a manager with Lockheed) and Jayne (a housewife), and he had a brother, Don..

Career 
Scott also appeared on numerous daytime soap operas, playing Sky Rumson on Dark Shadows in 1970, Jeffrey Jordan on Where the Heart Is in 1972, David McAllister on General Hospital in 1989, and Billy Lewis on Guiding Light in 1994. Scott had a leading role in the HBO sitcom 1st & Ten in the 1980s, was featured in almost 100 commercials and guest starred on many series during the 70's, 80's and 90's.

Personal life 
Scott married Tanya Thompson, his high school sweetheart, in 1960. They divorced in 1962. Scott married producer Carol Engelhart Scott in 1975, and they divorced in 1988. In 1988, he was involved in a serious accident when he was pinned between two cars while riding a bicycle. Both his legs were crushed, but he went on to make a full recovery. He lived in Louisville, Colorado, with his wife, Cheri Catherine (whom he married in 1993). and his twin sons Christopher and Matthew

Death 
Scott died from Parkinson's disease In Broomfield, Colorado, on February 23, 2021, a day after his 79th birthday.

Filmography

References

External links
 
 

1942 births
2021 deaths
American male television actors
Male actors from Hollywood, Los Angeles
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Neurological disease deaths in Colorado
Simulated fluorescence process algorithm

The Simulated Fluorescence Process (SFP) is a computing algorithm used for scientific visualization of 3D data from, for example, fluorescence microscopes. By modeling a physical light/matter interaction process, an image can be computed which shows the data as it would have appeared in reality when viewed under these conditions.

Principle

The algorithm considers a virtual light source producing excitation light that illuminates the object. This casts shadows either on parts of the object itself or on other objects below it. The interaction between the excitation light and the object provokes the emission light, which also interacts with the object before it finally reaches the eye of the viewer.

See also 

 Computer graphics lighting
 Rendering (computer graphics)

References

H. T. M. van der Voort, G. J. Brakenhoff and M. W. Baarslag. "Three-dimensional visualization methods for confocal microscopy", Journal of Microscopy, Vol. 153, Pt 2, February 1989, pp. 123–132.

Noordmans, Herke Jan, Hans TM van der Voort, and Arnold WM Smeulders. "Spectral volume rendering." IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 6.3 (2000): 196–207.

External links
 Freeware SFP renderer

Computational science
Computer graphics algorithms
Visualization (graphics)
Microscopes
Microscopy
Fluorescence
Birding Business

Birding Business was a free business publication that served as a trade news source for the wild bird and nature products industry. It was based in O’Lakes in the U.S. state of Florida. The magazine was published five times each year by Longdown Management, Inc. It started in 1995. The last issue of the magazine was published in September 2015.

See also
List of journals and magazines relating to birding and ornithology

References

External links
Birding Business

1995 establishments in Florida
2015 disestablishments in Florida
Business magazines published in the United States
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Free magazines
Journals and magazines relating to birding and ornithology
Magazines established in 1995
Magazines disestablished in 2015
Magazines published in Florida
Silo cleaning

Silo cleaning is a process to maximize the efficiency of storage silos that hold bulk powders or granules.  In silos, material is fed through the top and removed from the bottom. Typical silo applications include animal feed, industrial powders, cement, and pharmaceuticals.

Free movement of stored materials, on a first-in, first-out basis, is essential in maximizing silo efficiency. The goal of silo efficiency is to ensure that the oldest material is used first and does not contaminate newer, fresher material. There are two major complications in silo efficiency: rat holing and bridging. Rat holing occurs when powders adhere to the sides of silos. Bridging occurs when material blocks at the silo base.

Manual cleaning is the simplest way to clean silos. This entails lowering a worker on a rope to free material inside the silo. Manual cleaning is dangerous due to the release of material and the possible presence of gases. In cases of bridging, an additional danger exists as the exit hole needs to be rodded from underneath, exposing the worker to falling powder.

Alternative cleaning methods include: 
Air blasters are a well-established cleaning method. Air cannons are expensive, however, as limited coverage requires purchase of multiple units. Air cannons are also noise intrusive and require high consumption of compressed air.
Vibrators are easy to fit into empty silos, but can cause structural damage and contribute to powder compaction.
Low friction linings are quiet, but expensive to install and prone to erosion which can then contaminate the environment or product.
Inflatable pads and liners are easy to install in empty silos and can help side-wall buildup but have no effect on bridging. Inflatable pads and liners are also hard to maintain and can cause compaction.
Fluidisation through a one-way membrane can help compacted material, but are expensive and difficult to install and maintain. These systems can also contribute to mechanical interlocking and bridging.
Acoustic cleaners are the latest and possibly safest way to clean silos as these systems are non-invasive and do not require silos to be emptied. Acoustic cleaning is also a preventative solution.
Pneumatic or hydraulic whip machines are portable machines used to "cut" build up on the walls of silos while being remotely operated from outside of the vessel.
Silo cleaning companies provide turn key silo cleaning services using several different kinds of methods (depending on the company).

Cleaning
Deborah Adair

Deborah Adair (born Deborah Adair Miller) is an American television actress, primarily known for her roles in soap operas.

Early life
 
Born in Lynchburg, Virginia, Adair attended the University of Washington, where she earned a degree in advertising and marketing. She worked as a copywriter, commercial producer and assistant promotion manager for radio stations in Seattle, Washington. Adair was married to politician Gary Baker for four years, divorcing in 1978.

Career
Adair went to Hollywood and found an agent who helped her land small parts in several television series. Her big break came in 1980 when she was cast as Jill Foster Abbott on the daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless. In 1983, she left The Young and the Restless to take the role of Tracy Kendall in the primetime soap opera Dynasty, a role she played until 1984. She followed this with the regular role of Daisy Lloyd in another Aaron Spelling series, Finder of Lost Loves, in 1984. In 1986, she made a one-week return to The Young and the Restless to reprise her role as Jill. She also appeared on the daytime soap opera Santa Barbara for a few episodes.

Adair married television producer Chip Hayes in 1987. She worked with her husband on the primetime soap opera Melrose Place, in which she played the recurring role of advertising executive Lucy Cabot from 1992 to 1993. She also portrayed the role of Kate Roberts on Days of Our Lives in 1993 and became one of few actors to concurrently play in a daytime soap opera and a nighttime soap opera. She left Melrose Place while continuing on Days of our Lives, a role for which she won the Best Supporting Actress Award at the Soap Opera Digest Award in 1994.

In total, Adair has appeared in seven projects produced by Aaron Spelling; Dynasty, Matt Houston, The Love Boat, Finder of Lost Loves, Hotel (in which she played four roles between 1984–87), Melrose Place and the television movie Rich Men, Single Women (1990). She has also appeared in a variety of other primetime series such as Murder, She Wrote, Blacke's Magic and MacGyver. Adair also played a supporting role as Kate Chase in the Emmy Award-nominated miniseries Lincoln (1988).

Personal life

In 1995, she retired from acting. She and her husband have two adopted children, Lucy Taylor Hayes and Jackson William Hayes.

References

External links 

 

American soap opera actresses
People from Lynchburg, Virginia
20th-century American actresses
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)