alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Particle

A particle is a tiny bit of matter that makes up everything in the universe. In particle physics, an elementary particle is a particle which cannot be split up into smaller pieces.

There are many different types of particles, with different particle sizes and properties.

Macroscopic particles are particles that are larger than atoms or molecules. They have volume and shape. Powder and dust are some examples of macroscopic particles. Nanoparticles are an intermediate size, being a very fine powder but much larger than atoms.

Atoms and molecules are called microscopic particles. Subatomic particles are particles that are smaller than atoms. The proton, the neutron, and the electron are subatomic particles. These are the particles which make atoms. The proton has a positive charge (a + charge). The neutron has a neutral charge. The electron has a negative charge (a - charge), and it is the smallest of these three particles. In atoms, there is a small nucleus in the center, which is where the protons and neutrons are, and electrons orbit the nucleus.

Protons and neutrons are made up of quarks. Quarks are subatomic particles, but they are also elementary particles because we do not know if they are made up of even smaller particles. There are six different types of quarks. These are the up quark, the down quark, the strange quark, the charm quark, the bottom quark, and the top quark. A neutron is made of two down quarks and one up quark. The proton is made up of two up quarks and one down quark.

Chemistry
Nuclear physics
Matter
Rosie O'Donnell

Roseann "Rosie" O'Donnell (born March 21, 1962) is an American television host, comedienne, actress, and writer. She gained exposure by appearing on Star Search, a talent show.

Her daytime talk show, The Rosie O'Donnell Show, began in 1996 and ran until 2002.  She briefly hosted a primetime talk show on the Oprah Winfrey Network called The Rosie Show from 2011 until 2012.

O'Donnell won an Emmy Award in 1999. She is openly lesbian and has been married twice.  She has adopted five children.

O'Donnell was the host of the panel talk show The View on ABC from 2006 until 2007, when she was replaced by Whoopi Goldberg.  She returned to The View in 2014 for a few months.

In August 2012, O'Donnell suffered a heart attack. She hosted a stand-up comedy event that aired on HBO for Valentine's Day in 2015, called Rosie O'Donnell: A Heartfelt Standup. In the documentary, she detailed her life since her heart attack.

She has appeared on the Showtime series Smilf as the character Tutu since 2017.

In October 2018, she became engaged to Boston police officer Elizabeth Rooney. They dated for a year beforehand.

Movies 
 A League of Their Own (1992)
 Sleepless in Seattle (1993)
 Another Stakeout (1993)
 Fatal Instinct (1993)
 Car 54, Where Are You? (1994)
 I'll Do Anything (1994)
 The Flintstones (1994)
 Exit to Eden (1994)
 Now and Then (1995)
 Beautiful Girls (1996)
 Harriet the Spy (1996)
 A Very Brady Sequel (1996) (Cameo appearance)
 Wide Awake (1998)
 Get Bruce (1999) (documentary)
 Tarzan (1999) (voice)
 The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000)
 Artists and Orphans: A True Drama (2001)
 Hedwig and the Angry Inch (2001)
 Last Party 2000 (2001)
 The Lady in Question Is Charles Busch (2005)
 Show Business (2005)
 Pursuit of Equality (2005)
 All Aboard! Rosie's Family Cruise (2006)
Rosie O'Donnell: A Heartfelt Standup (2015)

References

Other websites 

 Official site
 
 
 
 

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television talk show hosts
Comedians from New York City
Emmy Award winners
Lesbians
LGBT actors
LGBT broadcasters
LGBT comedians
LGBT people from New York (state)
American LGBT rights activists
Television personalities from New York (state)
1962 births
Living people
American bloggers
Tissue

A Tissue forms part of an organ in plants or animals. Tissues are groups of cells that work together to do a job in the body. They are a group of cells having the same origin, structure and function. The cells look the same or almost the same. The work the cells in a tissue do is the same or almost the same. 

The four main kinds of tissue in animals are:
 connective tissue
 muscles
 nerves 
 epithelial tissue 

Organs are made up of more than one kind of tissue. The heart is an organ. It is made up of different tissues. It has muscle tissue called myocardium. It has connective tissue on the inside (endocardium), and on the outside (pericardium). The heart has valves that make sure the blood goes the right way through the heart. So the heart is an organ made from several tissues. 

The study of the structure of tissues under a microscope is called histology.

Tissues
Shit

Shit is a slang word for feces. Shit is a swear word (an offensive, rude, or impolite word) to most English speakers. It can mean bad things other than feces, depending on the context. It can be used as an angry exclamation, which is something said loudly or with strong emotion. It can be an adjective that means low quality or worthless. It can be a verb that means to produce feces (poop). The related form bullshit is a slang word with meanings that include nonsense and lies.

The general etymology of this is from the three words (of different languages): Old English "scitte", Dutch "schijiten", German "schiessen".

English profanity
Cunt

Cunt is an abusive word that is used against people as an insult. It can also be slang, for the vagina, or vulva.

Unlike many words of profanity that came from Anglo-Saxon, this word came from a Latin one (cuneus, meaning a wedge shape). After the Norman invasion of England, it replaced the native word for vagina, 'mægþblæd'.

Pejoratives
English profanity
Dick

Dick could mean:
 Dick (movie), a comedy movie about the Watergate scandal, with Richard Nixon as a character

 Dick, as slang meaning:
Penis
Dick (insult), a rude person
 Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran), DIC(K)
 The Dicks, a hardcore punk band
 Carry On Dick, a 1974 film
 A nickname for Richard

Dick's could mean:
 Dick's Drive-In, a Seattle, Washington-based fast food chain
 Dick's Sporting Goods, a major sporting goods retailer in the United States

People

Surname

 Bernhard Dick, a German chemist 
 Klaus Dick, a German bishop
 Philip Kindred Dick, a science-fiction author
 Uwe Dick, a German novelist

Given name

 Dick Clark, an American entertainer
 Dick Durbin, a Senator from Illinois
 Dick Van Dyke, an American actor
 Dick Irvin, a Canadian hockey player
 Dick Cheney, former Vice President of the United States
 Dick Van Patten, an American actor and activist
Nut

Nut or nuts can mean different things:
Nut (fruit), a seed or fruit inside a hard outer shell, many of which are eaten as food
A nut (hardware) screws onto a bolt (fastener) to hold two things together
The exclamation, "Nuts!" can be used to mean "That is a shame" or "Too bad"
Nuts is a slang term for the testicles and scrotum
Nut is a slang term for sexual ejaculate.
 Nut is an Egyptian goddess.
 A nut is a slang term for someone who is crazy
 To go nuts is a slang term for being out of control.

Basic English 850 words
Bitch

A bitch is a  female dog. 

It is also slang insult used to mean a nasty woman. It is possibly derived from the fact that bitch is used in other ways, however, such as in the phrase son of a bitch (also son of a gun) or bitchy. Bitch became a term to degrade and insult women as early in 15th century. It's use then surged specially in music industry in 70's. Women started to embrace the word as a term of empowerment.

References 

Pejoratives
English profanity
Women
Dogs
Ball and chain

A ball and chain is a device historically worn by prisoners. It consists of a heavy iron ball attached to the prisoner's ankle with a chain and shackle. It stops the prisoner from running away.

The ball and chain was mainly used in the British Empire and its penal colonies. It was used from the 17th century until as late as the mid 20th century.

References

Law enforcement equipment
Cum

Cum can mean different things:
Cum is a slang term for semen
The verb form cum is a slang term for the act of ejaculation, or for having an orgasm. 

English profanity
Faggot (food)

A faggot is a kind of meatball, a traditional dish in the UK, especially the southwest of England, Wales, and the Black Country. It is made from meat off-cuts and offal, especially pork. A faggot is usually made from pig heart, liver and fatty belly meat or bacon minced together, with herbs for flavouring and sometimes breadcrumbs.  The mixture is shaped in the hand into balls, wrapped round with caul (a membrane from the pig's abdomen), and baked. A similar dish, almôndega, is traditional in Portugal. This dish is also popular in the United States.
Meat dishes
Llanfairpwllgwyngyll

Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, officially Llanfair­pwllgwyngyll­gogery­chwyrn­drobwll­llan­tysilio­gogo­goch (pronounced llan-vire-pooll-gwin-gill-go-gare-urch-wyn-drob-ooll-andus-ilio-gogo-goch), also known as Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll, Llanfair PG or just Llanfairpwll, is a large village and community on Anglesey, an island in Wales. In a 2018 study, it had a population of 2,999 residents.

It is situated just across the Menai Strait from the city of Bangor.

It is famous for having for the longest place name in Europe and the second-longest official one-word place name in the world, right after the hill Taumata­whakatangihanga­koauau­o­tamatea­turi­pukaka­piki­maunga­horo­nuku­pokai­whenua­ki­tana­tahu located in Pōrangahau, New Zealand. The village's official name contains 58 characters and 19 syllables. It translates into English as St Mary's Church in the Hollow of the White Hazel near a Rapid Whirlpool and the Church of St. Tysilio near the Red Cave. The village was given this long name as a publicity stunt to bring people to the village.

A 2011 survey revealed that 71% of the village's population can speak Welsh.

The village has a railway station, known as Llanfairpwll railway station. The station is known for its huge sign of the village's name and how to pronounce it. The station provides direct trains to Holyhead to the west and Manchester, Crewe, Chester, Shrewsbury, Birmingham, and South Wales to the east.

Gallery

Villages in Wales
Pneumoconiosis

Pneumoconiosis is a form of occupational lung disease that is not infective. It is a progressive (gets worse with time) degenerative disorder. It is caused by air pollution in the form of tiny particles. It was common among coal miners, who inhaled coal dust regularly.

Another type of pneumoconiosis is 'asbestosis', caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. A third type is caused by inhaling very small silica particles, called 'silicosis'. All forms of pneuomoconiosis shorten life, and have no cure.

Indications:
Having worked at an occupation with dust risks
Shortness of breath
Chest X-ray may show typical signs

Long name 
Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis is a lung disease caused by the breathing-in of very small particles of sand or quartz dust found in volcanoes. It was first seen in the Oxford English Dictionary, in 1936. It is "an artificial long word", invented by in 1935 by Everett Smith, president of the National Puzzlers' League (N.P.L.), at its annual meeting.

Related pages 
Silicosis
Asbestosis

References 

Breathing problems
Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu}} 

Taumatawhakatangi­hangakoauauotamatea­turipukakapikimaunga­horonukupokaiwhen­uakitanatahu is the Maori name of a hill in New Zealand. The short form Taumata is used in everyday talk. The hill is 305 meters high.

It has eighty-five letters in its name. It is one of the longest place names in the world.

Notes and sources

Long words
Hills
Geography of New Zealand
Something Awful

Something Awful is a comedy website and forums. The part of the website where people are paid to write comedy is called the "front page," and the part where people talk about a variety of things is the forums. People have to pay money to join the forums to talk with other people around the world. It currently costs $9.95 to join. The money they pay goes towards keeping the website online, and is said to make the forums higher quality, because members of the forums have something to lose if they are banned. Because of the comedy nature of the website, people on the forums often post to try to make people laugh instead of posting seriously.

Something Awful was started by Richard "Lowtax" Kyanka in 1999.

In March, 2008 Richard "Lowtax" Kyanka left forums management to Kevin "Fragmaster" Bowen, in order to focus on operating the main site.

Related pages
 Kiwi Farms
 Know Your Meme
 Reddit

Other websites
 Something Awful
 Something Awful Twitter account

Websites
Fark.com

Fark is a comedy website and forums.

Fark was started by Drew Curtis in 1999 as a weblog where users post current news articles and other information. Then other users make comments on these articles. There are two classes of users; users with free subscriptions are able to post comments in the forums and submit new articles. There is also a subscription service called TotalFark that grants access to more news stories. Regular subscribers are known as Farkers and paying subscribers are often called TotalFarkers or TFers.

Fark is what's known as a news aggregator. The page is divided into several tabs, "Not News", "Sports", "Business", "Geek", "Showbiz", "Politics", "Music", and "Video" Users submit stories that are relevant to each tab, and staffers and subscribers decide which ones are posted. Once a story is posted, a corresponding forum thread is created where any subscriber can comment on the story.

Other websites 
 Fark

Websites
Period

Period means different things.

Period (punctuation), a punctuation mark, also called a full stop
period (geology), a series of rock strata, and the time during which the rocks were laid down
The time every month when a woman menstruates
The time it takes to finish one sequence of something that happens again and again
Orbital period
Periodic function
The time it takes to play 1/3 of an ice hockey game
A row in the periodic table
Corinthian-Casuals F.C.

The Corinthian Casuals are a football team in Tolworth, Surrey, England. They play in the Isthmian League Division One South.

English football clubs
Freezing

Freezing is the process when a liquid turns into a solid. Freezing occurs when heat is lost from an object, which causes the molecules to slow down and form tighter bonds. One example of freezing is when water turns into ice. Freezing is the opposite of melting, and two steps away from evaporation. Freezing occurs at below 0 degrees Celsius with water, while some other liquids become a solid at higher or lower temperatures.

Most liquids can freeze. It is a necessary step in casting for example.

Related pages
Freezing point
Condensation
Melting
Vaporization
Sublimation

Other websites 
 Crystallization -Citizendium 

Matter
Precious metal

A precious metal is a type of metal that is worth a lot of money compared to most other metals. Some precious metals are gold, silver, and platinum. Many pieces of jewelry are made out of precious metals.

The precious metal worth the most amount of money for the same mass is Rhodium.

Related pages
Alchemy
Bullion
Noble metal

References

Geology
Metals
Jewellery

Jewellery (or jewelry) refers to any clothing accessory that is worn as a decoration. 

In itself, jewellery has no other purpose than to look attractive. However, it is often added to items that have a practical use. Items such as belts and handbags are mainly accessories but may be decorated. A broach, often worn to keep a cloak closed, could be highly decorated with jewels.

Necklaces, finger rings and earrings are the most usual kinds of jewellery.

History 
Humans have made jewellery for a long time. There are many forms of jewelry worn for traditional, social or religious reasons. Jewellery can come in many forms, worn on any part of the body or clothing. Jewellery most often are rings, chains, bead strings, pendants and piercings, worn around or on different body parts.

Creation 
Jewellery can be made from any material. The first jewellery was made from bone, animal teeth, wood or stone. Jewelry often uses gemstones and precious metals.

Fashion jewellery or costume jewellery is jewellery that is worn just for fashion, and is not made of expensive materials.

Common jewellery types
 Earrings, which is any jewellery worn on the ears
 Necklaces, worn around the neck
 Finger rings and toe rings (finger rings are usually just called "rings")
 Bracelets or bangles, worn on the wrists
 Arm rings or armlets, worn on the upper arms
 Pins or brooches, worn on clothes for decoration or keeping clothes from undoing.
 Piercings, which is jewelry that is put through holes in the skin
 Cremation jewelry such as keepsakes, bracelets, keychains, necklaces, pendants or rings

Gallery

Related pages 
Cartier (jeweller)

References
Teresa Heinz

Teresa Heinz Kerry (born October 5, 1938) is a Portuguese-American businesswoman and philanthropist. She was born in Maputo, Mozambique to Portuguese parents. She is the wife of United States Senator John Kerry. She was previously married to former U.S. senator H. John Heinz III, until his death. She is a naturalized American citizen. She has breast cancer.

References 

Businesspeople from Pittsburgh
John Kerry
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Pittsburgh
Portuguese writers
1938 births
Living people
Museum

A museum is a building<ref>Alexander, Edward Porter et al. (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=owHSEk96qxQC&pg=PA2  Museums in Motion: an Introduction to the History and Functions of Museums, p. 2]; excerpt, "Douglas Alan, former director of the Royal Scottish Museum in Edinburgh, said that 'a museum in its simplest form consists of a building to house collections of objects for inspection, study and enjoyment."</ref> which is open to the public.   It is also the institution where things are collected and then shown to people.

History
The word, museum, originates from Musa which is the goddesses of literature, art, and science who appears in Greek mythology.

According to the International Council of Museums (ICOM), the definition of museums has changed over time.   

The oldest museum structure in the world is the Shōsō-in'' in Nara, Japan.

Today's museums are non-profit, permanent institutions in the service of society and its development.

Function
A museum acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits the  tangible heritage and the intangible heritage of humanity and the environment.

Museums exist for the purposes of education, study and enjoyment.

Some museums have things that visitors can do. For example, ecomuseums exist.

Museums can be about different things such as art, national history, natural history, or science. People go to museums sometimes to learn, or to simply have fun. 

Museums with live animals are called zoos.

Exhibitions
Temporary or changing exhibits
Exhibition which selects works along with some themes, e.g., a writer, a time, an area, etc.
Permanent exhibits
Exhibition which displays the works which the museum possesses.

Gallery

Art museums

History museums

Literature museums

Natural history museums

Open air museums

Science museums

Museum ships

Related pages
Curator
Museology

References

Further reading
 Simon, Nina K. (2010). Simon, Nina K. (2010). The Participatory Museum.

Other websites

 International Council of Museums website
 Virtual Library Musems website
Camera

A camera is a device that takes pictures (photographs). It uses film or electronics to make a picture of something. It is a tool of photography. A lens makes the image that the film or electronics "sees".

A camera that takes one picture at a time is sometimes called a still camera.  A camera that can take pictures that seem to move is called a movie camera.  If it can take videos it is called a video camera or a camcorder. The majority of cameras are on a phone. This is called a "Camera phone".

All cameras are basically a box that light can not get into until a photo is taken. There is a hole on one side of the camera where the light can get in through the lens, and this is called the aperture. On the other side is a special material that can record the image that comes through the aperture. This material is the film in a film camera or electronic sensor in a digital camera. Finally, there is also the shutter, which stops light from getting in until a photo is taken.

When a photo is taken, the shutter moves out of the way. This lets light come in through the aperture and make a picture on the film or electronic sensor. In many cameras, the size of the aperture can be changed to let in more light or less light. The amount of time that the shutter lets light through can be changed as well. This also lets in more light or less light. Most of the time, electronics inside the camera control these, but in some cameras the person taking the picture can change them as well.

Moving pictures 
A ciné camera or movie camera takes a rapid sequence of photographs on image sensor or strips of photographic film. Unlike a still camera the ciné camera takes a series of images, each one is called a "frame". The frames are later played back in a ciné projector at a specific speed, called the "frame rate" (number of frames per second). While viewing, human visual system merges the separate pictures to create the illusion of motion. The first ciné camera was built around 1888. By 1890 several types were being made. The standard film size for ciné cameras was quickly established as 35mm film. This remained in use until transition to digital cinematography.

A professional video camera (often called a television camera) is a high-end device for creating electronic moving images.  Their use includes music videos, movies, corporate and educational videos.

Related pages 
 Digital camera
 Pinhole camera

Gallery

References
News

News is when people talk about current events (things that are happening right now). News Media is a portrayal of current affairs, perspectives and social influence. The news can be given in newspapers, television, magazines, or radio. There are several news channels on cable television that give news all day long, such as Fox News and CNN.  There are several news magazines, such as Time, The Economist, and Newsweek. A newsman is a person who helps out with the news. News media can be viewed in many forms, such as newspaper, television, and radio. 

News
Communication
Export

An export is a product that is sold to people outside of the country in which the product was made. Canada exports maple syrup to the United States and to many other countries. Tropical areas like the countries in the Caribbean send sugar cane to other countries.

See
 Import
 International trade

Economics
Epidemic

An epidemic is a disease that spreads over a large area and affects many people at the same time. Epidemics are when a disease spreads from person to person faster than doctors can control. If the disease spreads over the whole world, sometimes it is called a pandemic.

Such diseases must be treated quickly and properly otherwise they can infect people on large scale and pose a danger to the world. It is very important that timely vaccination and treatment is provided. The study of epidemics is part of epidemiology.

Infectious diseases
Epidemiology
George of the Jungle

George of the Jungle is an animated television series created by Jay Ward Productions in the late 1960s as a parody (pretending to be but in a way that makes fun of) of Tarzan. In 1997, it was made into a live-action movie by Disney, with Brendan Fraser as the main character. There was a sequel George of the Jungle 2 released direct-to-video in 2003.  There was and is a video game based on the film which was and is 2D Platformer game George of the Jungle by Ignition Entertainment/Crave in 2008.

References

Animated television series
Eagles (band)

The Eagles are an American country rock/hard rock  band. They formed in Los Angeles, California in 1971. They are known worldwide for their hit songs Hotel California and Take it Easy. In 2006 they held the record for most albums sold, with their Greatest Hits, Volume I

On January 18, 2016, Glenn Frey died of pneumonia at age 67. His son Deacon replaced him in the band the next year.

Band members 

1971 establishments in California
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
Musical groups established in 1971
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Musical groups disestablished in 1980
1980s disestablishments in California
Musical groups established in 1994
1994 establishments in California
Musical groups disestablished in 2016
2016 disestablishments in the United States
2010s disestablishments in California
Musical groups established in the 2010s
2017 establishments in the United States
2010s establishments in California
Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport

The BEST or the Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport is Mumbai's public transport service and electricity provider. The government owned organisation, which was set up in 1873, operates one of India's largest bus fleets. Originally setup as a tramway company, it branched out into supplying electricity to the city in 1905, and later into operating buses in 1926. The BEST is run by the city's municipality as an autonomous body.

The bus transport service covers almost the entire city and extends its operations outside city limits. In addition to buses, it also operates a ferry service. The electricity division of the organisation is also one of the few electricity departments in India to garner an annual net profit.    Until 1995, BEST stood for Bombay Electricity Supply and Transport. After the name of the city was formally changed from Bombay to Mumbai, this was also reflected with the adjustment to Brihanmumbai, which means "Greater Mumbai".

1873 establishments
Public transport in Asia
Companies of India
Mumbai
1870s establishments in India
Gelderland

Gelderland or Guelders is a province in the east of the Netherlands. The capital city is Arnhem, but Nijmegen and Apeldoorn are bigger. Other important cities are Zutphen, Doetinchem, Harderwijk and Tiel. About 2,097,000 people are living in Gelderland (2021).

It is surrounded by the provinces of Limburg, North Brabant, South Holland, Utrecht, Flevoland and Overijssel and the German federal state North Rhine-Westphalia. 

The most important rivers are the Rhine (Rijn), the Waal, the IJssel and the Maas (border with North Brabant). The border with Flevoland is formed by the so-called randmeer ("border lake") of the Flevopolder.

History 
In the 11th century, Guelders was a county. It was called Gelre in Dutch and Geldern in German. In 1339, it became a duchy. At first, it existed of the surroundings of the city of Geldern (now in Germany). By the end of the 14th century, it included most of the modern province of Gelderland and parts of the province of Limburg and of the German District of Cleves.  It became part of the Habsburg Netherlands in 1543, one of the Seventeen Provinces.

Other websites 
 
 interactive province map 
 another map, more up-to-date, but the map is not interactive 
 Detailed map
Canvas

Canvas is a thick material usually made of woven cotton.  It is used for tents and sails on boats and other places where a sturdy material would be good.  It is similar to the material in blue jeans. It is often a white or pale tan color. It can also be used for painting or even making shoes.

Canvas

Painting
Woven fabrics
Large format lens

A large format lens is a lens that can be used on a large format camera. These cameras usually cover an area of 4x5 inches or more. The picture taken is then recorded on photographic film, or as a digital image.

Other websites 
 http://www.schneideroptics.com/info/vintage_lens_data/large_format_lenses/ 
 http://www.kenrockwell.com/tech/4x5.htm

Camera lenses
Ramones

Ramones were an American punk rock group who formed in New York City in 1974 and broke up in 1996. All the members of the group had stage names which replaced their real last names with "Ramone." They were one of the first punk bands. Some others were The Clash,  Sex Pistols, and The Damned. Three of the four founding members of the Ramones died within eight years of the band breaking up.

The original lineup was made up of Joey on drums, Johnny on guitar and Dee Dee on bass and vocals. Tommy was their manager. Then Dee Dee said he was unable to sing while playing bass, so Tommy got Joey to sing and then played drums himself, leaving Dee Dee to backup sing. Later, Tommy left the band and was replaced on drums by a new member, Marky. Eventually Marky was fired and then replaced by another drummer, Richie. After that, Dee Dee left the band to produce his own rap album. C.J. joined the band as their new bassist.

Their first album "Ramones" is now a classic of early punk rock. The songs are short, the melodies simple and the text is often made up of 2 or three phrases only. Their live concerts were legendary, extremely loud and very short. They played song after song, only interrupted by Dee Dee's (and later, C.J.'s)  shouts of "one, two, three, four!".

The Ramones never had big commercial success. Among their best-known songs today are "Blitzkrieg Bop" and "I Wanna Be Sedated." Now they are seen as one of the most important punk rock bands. Several rock bands, including Nirvana and Green Day were influenced by the Ramones.

The Ramones had their first gigs at the club CBGB in New York. The letters "CBGB" stand for Country, BlueGrass, Blues. The club was opened in 1973 by Hilly Kristal. CBGB, soon afterward, became a place where new wave and punk rock bands played. These included Patti Smith Group, Blondie, Talking Heads and many others. From the early 1980s onward, CBGB was known for hardcore punk.

Gallery 

1970s American music groups
1974 establishments in the United States
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
1996 disestablishments in the United States
American punk bands
Musical groups disestablished in 1996
Musical groups established in 1974
Musical groups from New York City
1970s establishments in New York (state)
1990s disestablishments in New York (state)
Olivia Newton-John

Olivia Newton-John (26 September 1948 – 8 August 2022) was an English and Australian singer, songwriter and actress known for her gentle singing voice, her purity of tone and her perfect pitch. A four-time Grammy Award winner, Newton-John was one of the best-selling music artists of all time, with global sales of more than 120 million records.

Newton-John achieved worldwide stardom in a variety of musical genres and was especially well known for her starring role in Grease (1978), one of the most successful movie musicals of all time.

Early life 
Newton-John was born in Cambridge, England. Her father was Welsh. Her mother was from Berlin, the daughter of Max Born. Newton-John is the youngest of three children. In 1954, her family moved to Australia. At age 12, she won a contest at school with girl group "Sol Four". 

When she was 17 years old, she had her first appearance in a movie, Funny Things Happen Down Under (1965), where she sang "Christmas Time Down Under". Shortly after she was in a talent contest and won first prize, a trip to England. She got a record deal on Decca Records and released her first single, "Till You Say You'll Be Mine", in 1966.

Career 

Newton-John stayed in England and recorded a cover of the Bob Dylan song, "If Not For You". It was the song which first caused her to be well known. She released her first solo album, If Not For You, in 1971. In 1973, her career began to do well. In 1974, she represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 with the song "Long Live Love". She finished in 4th place, with Sweden's ABBA being the winners.

Her first successful song was "Let Me Be There". The song made the top 10 on the US pop chart. It also earned her a Grammy Award for Best Country Female. More successful songs followed: "If You Love Me Let Me Know," "I Honestly Love You", "Have You Never Been Mellow", "Please Mr. Please" and many more.

Her first big acting role was with John Travolta in Grease. It became the most successful movie of 1978.

Personal life 
Olivia lived in California for decades. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She had breast cancer in 1992, and recovered. She was married twice. She has a daughter by her first husband.

She was also an activist for environmental and animal rights issues.

Death
In May 2017, it was announced that Newton-John's breast cancer had returned and metastasized to her lower back. In August 2019, it was also reported that the cancer was at Stage IV and spread to her bones.

Newton-John died from the disease at her ranch in Santa Ynez Valley, California at the age of 73. The Australian state of Victoria offered a state funeral for Newton-John.

References 

1948 births
2022 deaths
Actors from Cambridgeshire
Actors from Melbourne
Australian movie actors
Australian pop musicians
Australian singers
Australian television actors
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from breast cancer
English movie actors
English pop musicians
English singers
English television actors
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Cambridge
Musicians from Melbourne
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Kansas (band)

Kansas is an American rock band. They formed in Topeka, Kansas in 1970. They are best known for songs including "Carry on Wayward Son" and "Dust in The Wind".

Albums 
Kansas (1974)
Song for America (1974)
Masque (1975)
Leftoverture (1976)
Point of Know Return (1977)
Two for the Show (1978)
Monolith (1979)
Audio-Visions (1980)
Vinyl Confessions (1982)
Drastic Measures (1983)
The Best of Kansas (1984)
Power (1986)
In the Spirit of Things (1988)
Live at the Whisky (1992)
Freaks of Nature (1995)
Always Never the Same (1998)
King Biscuit Flower Hour Presents (1998)
The Best of Kansas [remastered] (1999)
Somewhere to Elsewhere (2000)
Early Recordings from Kansas 1971-1973 (Proto-Kaw) (2002)
Device, Voice, Drum (2002)
Before Became After (Proto-Kaw) (2005)
There's Know Place Like Home (2009)
The Prelude Implicit (2016)
The Absence of Presence (2020)

References

American rock bands
American hard rock bands
Musicians from Kansas
People from Topeka, Kansas
Styx (band)

Styx is an American rock band. They were one of the most popular groups of the 1970s and early 1980s. They formed in Chicago in 1972. They were the first band to have four platinum albums in a row. They continued playing after reuniting in 1995.

Discography
 Studio Albums
 1972 Styx
 1973 Styx II
 1973 The Serpent Is Rising
 1974 Man of Miracles
 1975 Equinox
 1976 Crystal Ball
 1977 The Grand Illusion
 1978 Pieces of Eight
 1979 Cornerstone
 1981 Paradise Theater
 1983 Kilroy Was Here
 1990 Edge of the Century
 1999 Brave New World
 2003 Cyclorama
 2005 Big Bang Theory

 Live Albums
 1984 Caught in the Act
 1997 Return to Paradise
 2000 Arch Allies: Live at Riverport (live) (with REO Speedwagon)
 2001 Styx World: Live 2001 (live)
 2001 Yesterday & Today (live)
 2002 At the River's Edge: Live in St. Louis (live)
 2003 21st Century Live (live)

 Compilations
 1995 Styx Greatest Hits
 1996 Styx Greatest Hits Part 2
 2000 Extended Versions
 2002 20th Century Masters
 2004 Come Sail Away - The Styx Anthology
 2005 The Complete Wooden Nickel Recordings

Other websites 
 
 Styx career on A&M Records with gallery, international discography 

1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups 
American rock bands
Musical groups established in 1972
1972 establishments in Illinois
Musical groups disestablished in 1984
1984 disestablishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 1990
1990 establishments in Illinois
Musical groups disestablished in 1991
1991 disestablishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 1995
1995 establishments in Illinois
Jethro Tull (band)

Jethro Tull is a rock band. They formed in Blackpool, England in 1967. The singer and leader is Ian Anderson. He also plays flute. This band was highly successful and sung songs such as "Aqualung", "Locomotive Breath", "Living in the Past" and "Thick as a Brick".

Discography
Studio albums
 This Was (1968)
 Stand Up (1969)
 Benefit (1970)
 Aqualung (1971)
 Thick as a Brick (1972)
 A Passion Play (1973)
 War Child  (1974)
 Minstrel in the Gallery (1975)
 Too Old to Rock 'n' Roll: Too Young to Die! (1976)
 Songs from the Wood (1977)
 Heavy Horses (1978)
 Stormwatch (1979)
 A (1980)
 The Broadsword and the Beast (1982)
 Under Wraps (1984)
 Crest of a Knave (1987)
 Rock Island (1989)
 Catfish Rising (1991)
 Roots to Branches (1995)
 J-Tull Dot Com (1999)
 The Jethro Tull Christmas Album (2003)
 The Zealot Gene (2022)
 RökFlöte (2023)

References

1967 establishments in England
1960s British music groups
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
2014 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Blackpool
English hard rock bands
Musical groups established in 1967
Musical groups disestablished in 2014
21st-century disestablishments in England
Product (mathematics)

In mathematics, a product is a number or a quantity obtained by multiplying two or more numbers together. For example:  4 × 7 = 28  Here, the number 28 is called the product of 4 and 7. As another example, the product of 6 and 4 is 24, because 6 times 4 is 24. The product of two positive numbers is positive, just as the product of two negative numbers is positive as well (e.g., -6 × -4 = 24).

Pi product notation 
A short way to write the product of many numbers is to use the capital Greek letter pi: . This notation (or way of writing) is in some ways similar to the Sigma notation of summation.

Informally, given a sequence of numbers (or elements of a multiplicative structure with unit) say  we define . A rigorous definition is usually given recursively as follows

An alternative notation for  is .

Properties 
 ( is pronounced " factorial" or "factorial of ")
 (i.e., the usual th power operation)
 (i.e.,  multiplied by itself  times)
 (where  is a constant independent of )
From the above equation, we can see that any number with an exponent can be represented by a product, though it normally is not desirable.

Unlike summation, the sums of two terms cannot be separated into different sums. That is,
, 
This can be thought of in terms of polynomials, as one generally cannot separate terms inside them before they are raised to an exponent, but with products, this is possible:

Relation to Summation 
The product of powers with the same base can be written as an exponential of the sum of the powers' exponents:

Related pages 

 Cartesian product
 Cross product
 Dot product

References 

Arithmetics
Guinea

Guinea, or the Republic of Guinea (), is an independent nation in Western Africa. Guinea borders 6 countries: Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Mali, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone. The national language is French.  It is a member of the Economic Community of West African States.

History 
Before the Europeans arrived to Africa, Guinea was part of a couple of empires. In the 1890s, France colonized Guinea.  In 1958, Guinea becomes independent.

Prefectures and regions 
Guinea is divided into 8 regions and then divided even further into 33 prefectures. The capital of Guinea, Conakry, is a special area.

 Boké Region
 Conakry Region
 Faranah Region
 Kankan Region
 Kindia Region
 Labé Region
 Mamou Region
 Nzérékoré Region

Biggest cities 
The following are the biggest cities in Guinea, by population:

 Conakry (2,000,000)
 Labé (700,000)
 Kankan (439,017)
 Kindia (279,884 )
 Nzérékoré (247,855)
 Kissidougou (135,900)
 Guéckédou (116,541)
 Mamou (105,754)

Religion 
About 89% of people are Muslim, most of them are Sunni. 6.8% of people are Christian, most of them are Catholic.

Notable people from Guinea 
The following is a list of notable people from Guinea:

Sources 
  Guinea , in the CIA World Factbook

References

Other websites 

  Website of the Guinean governement 

 
French-speaking countries
Least developed countries
Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1958 establishments in Africa
Pig

Pigs or domestic pigs are mammals in the genus Sus. Pigs are in the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates. 

Related, but outside the genus, are the babirusa and the warthog. Pigs, like all suids, are native to the Old World. Baby pigs are called piglets or pups. Pigs are omnivores and are very social and intelligent animals. Its ancestor is the common Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa).

The pig has stout, barrel-shaped bodies, with short legs.

The flesh of domestic pigs is eaten as food and is called pork. The Jewish and Muslim religions, and some Christian denominations, believe eating pork is wrong. Pig farmers take care that the animals do not get diseases or parasites which might harm humans.

Domestic pigs come in different colours, shapes and sizes. They are usually pink, but little pigs kept as pets (pot-bellied pigs) are sometimes other colours. Pigs roll in mud to protect themselves from sunlight.  Many people think that pigs are dirty and smell. In fact, they roll around in the mud to keep bugs and ticks away from their skin. This also helps to keep their skin moist and lower their body temperature on hot days. They are omnivores, which means that they eat both plants and animals. 

Pigs are smart animals. They are even able to learn how to play video games. 
Pigs are commonly used as working animals. They are used to hunt for truffles, pull carts and sniff out landmines. Pig races exist.

Care 
Pigs need a warm, clean area under a roof to sleep, and they should not be crowded. They need to be checked for sickness regularly. Pigs need lots of water. Over half their body weight is made up of water. Pigs should be given all the feed they will eat, which is usually four to five pounds a day for adult pigs. Corn is a good food for pigs, but they should also have protein supplements as well.

Pigs can be found throughout the world living on farms and in the wild, and they are also popular pets. Pigs are kept and slaughtered for their flesh, pork.

References 

Pigs
Domesticated animals
Screw

Screw can also be a slang word for sexual intercourse.

A screw is a sharp piece of threaded metal similar to a nail. Unlike a nail, a screw has spiral grooves down its spike. A screw is pressed down against wood and turned with a screwdriver. Turning the screw to the right makes it go into the wood. The grooves cut into the wood. This prevents the screw from falling out, as a nail might. Turning the screw to the left pulls it out of the wood. 

Screws can be made of steel, iron, brass, bronze, plastic, etc.

There are also machine screws and self-tapping screws. Machine screws are bolts which have screw threads. The threads matched with nuts with female threads. 

Screw threads are measured either in millimeters or in numbers. They are used in furniture, doors, appliances, etc.

Screwing and screws 
Screwing is the neatest way of holding together two materials. If no glue is involved, then the screwing can be dismantled. 

These are three different types of screw. 
Countersunk: First you drill a pilot hole into the wood. Then you can widen out the top by using a countersink drill bit. The head is flat on the top.
Raised head: Has a slightly domed head, raised above the surface.
Round head: Domed head above surface, broader than underneath.

Do not place screws in line as this weakens the wood. 
Use the right size screwdriver for the screw head. A screwdriver that is too slim can damage the slot, too wide can tear the materials. Screw threads in both wood and metal can become stripped, resulting in loss of holding power, and can also be difficult to remove.

A screw is a type of simple machine.

Related pages 
Bolt (fastener)
Nut (hardware)

Sources 

Basic English 850 words
Hardware (mechanical)
Fear

Fear is a feeling or an emotion. When a person has fear, they are afraid or scared. A person who fears something does not want it to happen. The fear response comes from sensing danger. It leads to the fight-or-flight response. In extreme cases of fear (horror and terror) there may be a freeze response or paralysis.

In humans and animals, fear is adjusted by cognition and learning. Thus fear is rational or appropriate, or it is irrational or inappropriate. An irrational fear is called a phobia.

Fear is the body's way of protecting itself from doing things that may be dangerous. For example, if one has a fear of jumping off a cliff, he/she will not do it. This saves one from death. In this case, fear is a good thing but in others, it can be bad. An example of fear being bad is if it stops one from doing something important, like going to see a doctor. Methods of controlling phobias include facing the fear over and over so the effect of the phobia becomes less until it stops being a phobia.

There is only a small set of basic or innate emotions and fear is one of them. The fear response helps survival by triggering appropriate behavioral responses. It has been preserved throughout evolution.

References

Related pages 
Anxiety

Basic English 850 words
Emotions
Tongue

The tongue is the fleshy muscle inside the mouth. A tongue lets us taste because the top of the tongue is made mostly of taste buds. It also helps the process of mastication by mixing food with saliva. It is very flexible, so it also helps us eat and talk. The tongue is the strongest muscle in the human body.

Tongue rolling 

Some people can roll their tongue into a tube. The reason why some people are able to and some are not is because of genetic inheritance, meaning that it is based on whether their parents are able to do it. Many schools use tongue rolling as an example of a genetic trait.

People who can roll their tongue can sometimes make a high pitched sound by blowing through their rolled tongue.

References

Basic English 850 words
Mouth
Sensory system
Titanium

Titanium is a very strong metal that is used in special applications.  The most common isotope has 26 neutrons. Titanium was discovered in 1791 by William Gregor. It is chemical element number 22 on the periodic table. Its symbol is Ti. It has 22 electrons and 22 protons. Its name comes from the name of the strong Greek gods called titans.

Titanium can combine with other chemicals to make different materials. When titanium mixes with oxygen from the air, it forms titanium dioxide (TiO2) or titania, which forms a hard passivation layer around the metal that prevents corrosion. Titanium dioxide is a white pigment that is often used to make things less transparent, brighter, or rougher - because it does not react with chemicals inside the human body, it is safe to use in foods and other applications, like toothpaste. 

Titanium alloys are used in aerospace engineering to make very strong and light parts of aeroplanes. These alloys can replace steel because they are almost as strong as steel but much lighter. They are also much stronger than aluminium alloys, but only a little heavier, meaning that titanium parts can be thinner and lighter, while still withstanding the same forces. It does not corrode in most conditions, even when exposed to sea water or chlorine. However, it can burn at high temperatures, and like many metal powders, titanium dust is extremely flammable.

References 

Transition metals