alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Kevin Bacon

Kevin Norwood Bacon (born July 8, 1958) is an American movie actor who has starred in Stir of Echoes, Wild Things, JFK, Footloose and Apollo 13, among others. He has been married to actress Kyra Sedgwick since September 4, 1988. They have two children, Travis and Sosie Ruth.  Bacon is known for the Bacon Number.

References

Other websites 
 Bacon's official website
 

Actors from Philadelphia
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Saturn Award winners
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
1958 births
Living people
Kyra Sedgwick

Kyra Sedgwick (born August 19, 1965) is an American actress. She was born in New York City, New York to a father of English descent and a Jewish mother. She is the great-granddaughter of Endicott Peabody, the founder of Groton School. She is married to actor Kevin Bacon. She produced and starred in The Closer.

References

Other websites 
 

1965 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
American television producers
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Saint Pierre and Miquelon () is a French overseas collectivity.  It is made up of several small islands.  They are close to Newfoundland on the eastern coast of Canada.  It is the only remaining bit of the former French colonial empire territory of New France.

Communes
The communes are:

Miquelon-Langlade
Saint-Pierre

Historically L'Île-aux-Marins was a separate commune.  Then in 1945 it was added into the commune of Saint-Pierre.

In each commune there are settlements Miquelon, Miquelon-Langlade and Saint-Pierre, Saint-Pierre.

References

Other websites 
 Official tourism website for St Pierre and Miquelon
Le Phare: Association of Tourism Professionals
50 (number)

50 (also written as fifty or five ten) is the integer that is after forty-nine and before fifty-one.

The prime factors of fifty are 2 and 5. (2 * 5 * 5 = 50) The factors of 50 are 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50. 5*10=50. 50 is the smallest number that can be written as the sum of two squares in two distinct ways: 50=12+72=52+52. Also, 50 is one-half of 100 or half of a century (a century is 100 years).

Integers
Rzeszów

Rzeszów (, ) is city in the south-east part of Poland in Subcarpathian Voivodeship with a population of 170,722 (2008). The city is located on the river Wislok.

Cities in Podkarpackie Voivodeship
1604



Events 
 January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans
 September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three-year siege.
 October 9 – Supernova 1604 is observed. As of this writing, this was the last supernova to be observed in the Milky Way.
 November 1 – At Whitehall Palace in London, the William Shakespeare tragedy Othello is presented for the first time. 
 The Sikh Holy Scripture Guru Granth Sahib is compiled and edited by Guru Arjan .
 Luis Váez de Torres is the first European to sail through the Torres Strait.
 France begins settling Acadia, first successful French North American colony
 France begins settling French Guiana.
 England concludes the Treaty of London with Spain, ending its involvement in the Eighty Years' War.
 Peter Blundell founds Blundell's School in Tiverton, England.
 Za Dengel deposed as Emperor of Ethiopia by Za Sellase, who restores his cousin Yaqob.
 The first known English Dictionary to be organized by alphabetical ordering was published.
Houston

Houston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the 4th most populous city in the United States. As of 2019, more than 2 million people lived there. Sylvester Turner became the mayor of Houston in 2015. Houston is named after Samuel Houston, who fought for Texas to leave Mexico in 1836. The Johnson Space Center of NASA is in Houston. 

Houston has the largest medical center and complex in the world, the Texas Medical Center.

George Bush Intercontinental Airport is the main international airport serving Houston, and William P. Hobby Airport is the other international airport that is close to downtown Houston.

Sports
Houston has many sports teams, including the Astros, Texans, Rockets, and Houston Dynamo. The Astros play baseball, the Rockets play basketball, the Texans play American Football, and the Houston Dynamo play soccer.

Climate
Houston has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Koeppen climate classification).

References

1836 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in the Republic of Texas
 
County seats in Texas
1138



Events 
 Robert Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter.
 March 13 – Cardinal Gregory is elected anti-pope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II.
 August 9 – Deadly earthquake in Aleppo, Syria killing about 230,000 people.
 August 22 – Battle of the Standard between David I of Scotland and the English. The Scots were defeated.
 Bavaria was taken away from the Welfen Duke Henry the Proud and given to the Austrian Margrave Leopold IV.
1140s



Events 
 1142
 End of the reign of Emperor Sutoku, emperor of Japan
 Emperor Konoe becomes Emperor of Japan 
 1143: Celestine II is elected pope. 
 1144: Pope Celestine II is succeeded by Pope Lucius II
 1146: Saint Bernard of Clairvaux preaches the Second Crusade at Vezelay, Burgundy 
 1145–1147: Second Crusade. Crusaders capture Lisbon from Muslims
Polynesian people

Polynesians are native people from islands in Polynesia, including Hawaii, Tahiti, Samoa, and Maoris in New Zealand.

Polynesia
Ethnic groups in Oceania
Hey Arnold!

Hey Arnold! is an American animated comedy television series. It was created by Craig Bartlett. The series was first broadcast on Nickelodeon from October 7, 1996, to June 8, 2004. It was about a boy with a football-shaped head named Arnold, his "gang" of friends and their lives in the fictional city of Hillwood. Each episode of Hey Arnold! ran for about 15 minute. In 2002, Nickelodeon made a movie, Hey Arnold! based on the series. 

Arnold's best friends in his gang are Gerald, Sid, Stinky, Eugene, Rhonda, Phoebe, Lila, and Curly. Adult Arnold was voiced by Christopher Walberg.

Broadcast 
Nickelodeon (United States) CBeebies (United Kingdom) France 5 (France) Playhouse Disney (France Spain Italy and Latin America) EBS (Korea) TVBC (South Korea) TV12 (Singapore) TVO (Canada) TV Azteca (Mexico) VBC (Vietnam)

References

Nickelodeon television series
1990s American animated television series
2000s American animated television series
1996 American television series debuts
2004 American television series endings
American children's television series
English-language television programs
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero

Don José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (; born 4 August 1960 in Valladolid) is a Spanish politician. He was elected for two terms as Prime Minister of Spain. This was in the 2004 and 2008 general elections. On 2 April 2011 he said he would not stand for re-election. His party is the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

He left the office on 21 December 2011. He was succeeded by Mariano Rajoy. He left the PSOE's Secretary General chair on 4th February 2012 to Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba. On 9th February he entered the Spanish Council of State.

Important actions of his government have included withdrawing Spanish troops from Iraq, legalizing same-sex marriages and negotiating with Basque terrorist group ETA.

He studied law at the University of León, graduating in 1982. Rodríguez Zapatero met Sonsoles Espinosa in León in 1981. They married on 27 January 1990 and have two daughters named Laura (born 1993) and Alba (born 1995).

Zapatero is a supporter of FC Barcelona.

References

Other websites 

 Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero biography on Infoplease 

1960 births
Living people
People from Valladolid
Prime Ministers of Spain
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians
Louise Brooks

Louise Brooks (Cherryvale, Kansas, 14 November 1906 – Rochester, New York, 8 August 1985) was an American dancer and actress. She became a leading movie star, and a style icon famous for her beauty and her bobbed hair style.

In 2006, the centenary of Brooks' birth was celebrated by the release of three DVDs and three books, museum exhibits, screenings, and other events.

Filmography
Brooks' signature movie role was as Lulu in G.W. Pabst's Pandora's Box (Die Büchse der Pandora) in 1929. Brooks' portrayal was of a young woman whose raw sexuality and uninhibited nature brings ruin to herself and those who love her. It made the actress a star.

 The Street of Forgotten Men (1925)
 The American Venus (1926)
 A Social Celebrity (1926)
 It's the Old Army Game (1926)
 The Show Off (1926)
 Love 'Em and Leave 'Em (1926)
 Just Another Blonde (1926)
 Evening Clothes (1927)
 Rolled Stockings (1927)
 Now We're in the Air (1927)
 The City Gone Wild (1927)
 A Girl in Every Port (1928)
 Beggars of Life (1928)
 The Canary Murder Case (1929)
 Pandora's Box (1929)
 Diary of a Lost Girl (1929)
 Prix de Beaute (1930)
 Windy Riley Goes Hollywood (1931) (short subject)
 It Pays to Advertise (1931)
 God's Gift to Women (1931)
 Empty Saddles (1936)
 When You're in Love (1937)
 King of Gamblers (1937) (scenes deleted)
 Overland Stage Raiders (1938)
 Film Firsts: Louise Brooks (1960) (television)
 Lulu in Berlin (1984) (documentary)
 Louise Brooks: Looking for Lulu (1998) (documentary)
 Mysteries and Scandals: Louise Brooks (1999) (television)

Further reading

 Louise Brooks, Fundamentals of Good Ballroom Dancing, United States: self-published, 1940
 Pandora's Box (Lulu), United States: Simon & Schuster, 1971
 Rolland Jaccard (editor), Louise Brooks: Portrait d'une Anti-Star, France: Editions Phebus, 1977
 Louise Brooks, Lulu in Hollywood, United States: Knopf, 1982
 Vincenzo Mollica, Louise Brooks: Una Fiaba Nocturne, Italy: Editori del Grifo, 1984
 Homenagem a Louise Brooks, Portugal: Cinemateca Portuguesa, 1986
 Rolland Jaccard (editor), Louise Brooks: Portrait of an Anti-Star, United States: New York Zoetrope, 1986
 Barry Paris, Louise Brooks, United States: Knopf, 1989
 Omaggio a Louise Brooks e Maya Deren, Italy: Cineteca D. W. Griffith, 1996
 Louise Brooks: L'europeenne, France: Transeuropa, 1999
 Louise Brooks, Lulu in Hollywood: Expanded Edition, United States: University of Minnesota Press, 2000
 Peter Cowie, Louise Brooks: Lulu Forever, United States: Rizzoli, 2006

Quotations 

 There is no Garbo! There is no Dietrich! There is only Louise Brooks! – Henri Langlois,  1955.
 I have a gift for enraging people, but if I ever bore you it will be with a knife. – Louise Brooks, from her autobiography, 'Lulu in Hollywood'.

Other websites 
 Louise Brooks Society
 Louise Brooks, silent star
 
 All Movie Guide
 Louise Brooks Studies 

1906 births
1985 deaths
Actors from Kansas
American autobiographers
American silent movie actors
American stage actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Bangor, Maine

Bangor is the 3rd-largest city in Maine. In 2000, the city had 31,473 people.

In history 
In 1937, Al Brady, an armed robber and murderer is shot dead in a gun battle with FBI agent Walter Walsh, ending a long crime spree.

References 

 
County seats in Maine
Ben Bradshaw

Benjamin Peter James Bradshaw (born 30 August 1960) is an English politician and the Member of Parliament for the Exeter constituency in the United Kingdom. He was elected in the 1997 general election.

He was a Minister of State in the Department of Health, a Minister for the South West and Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. He holds no posts in the current shadow government.

He is a member of the Labour Party.

1960 births
Living people
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Eschelbronn

Eschelbronn is a village with 2597 people living there. It is in the Rhein-Neckar area of Baden-Württemberg, Germany and close to Sinsheim.

Eschelbronn is in the north of Kraichgau with a distance of about 25 km to Heidelberg.

History
It was already mentioned in the years 788/789 in a document of the monastery of Lorsch. Afterwards there was no documentation until the end of the 13th century when it became part of the restrict of Speyer.
The first mayor was Heinrich von Eschelbrunnen in the year 1261. In 1267 a castle made of wood was built and later rebuilt into a water-castle of stone in 1375. In 1526 the village became Protestant.
In 1803 Eschelbronn became part of Baden. From 1807 on the village was administered by Waibstadt and 1803 by Sinsheim until the 31st of December 1972. Today it belongs to the Rhein-Neckar area.

In former times most of the people were farmers, however later in the 18th century the production of textiles became more and more important. Since the end of the 19th century Eschelbronn is well known for its furniture production.

Other websites 
 Official website
 Museum of Furniture Production

Villages in Baden-Württemberg
Municipalities in Baden-Württemberg
Order of the Bath

The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry. It was founded by George I, on 18 May 1725. The name comes from an old ceremony, first mentioned in 1128. In the ceremony, men participated in a vigil of fasting, prayer, and taking a bath. They did this on the day before they were made a knight. The ceremony was abolished in 1815. 

The Order is made up of the Sovereign (the British Sovereign), the Great Master (vacant since Charles III became King), and three classes of members: (Highest to lowest)
 
Knight or Dame Grand Cross (GCB)
Knight or Dame Commander (KCB or DCB)
Companion (CB)

Originally founded as a military order of chivalry, the star (or pip) is worn as army officers' rank insignia. The insignia is that of the Order of the Bath. Members of the order now belong to either the Civil or the Military Division. The Order's motto is Tria juncta in uno (Latin for "Three joined in one"). This is a reference to either the union of England, Scotland and Ireland, or to the Holy Trinity. A symbol of the Order that is seen over and over has three crowns in it. Another motto, Ich dien (German for "I serve") is used occasionally, but only by members of the Order who serve in the military.

The Order is the fourth oldest of the British Orders of Chivalry, after The Most Noble Order of the Garter, The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, and The Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick. The last of those Orders–which relates to Ireland, no longer a part of the United Kingdom–still exists, but is no longer active; no appointments have been made to it since 1934.

18th-century establishments in Great Britain
Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is a war tactic in which small groups of people () fight against an organized army. Guerrilla warfare is sometimes practiced in places in which a regular army would have difficulty, such as forests and mountains. Usually, the army is invading a territory. In open fields, the organized army, which is better armed and larger, has the advantage. However, in forests and mountains, the guerillas can gain an advantage over larger and better-armed armies. In some wars such as the American Revolutionary War or the Vietnam War, guerilla warfare tactics have been successful and were one of the main reasons for the final result.

Guerrilla, is a word of Spanish origin, and means "little war". It was first used in 1808, when Spain was invaded by Napoleon, which resulted in the Peninsular War with Spanish guerilla forces resisting the French Army. Guerilla warfare was used for thousands of years before this.

This war tactic was used in British America by the Native Americans. In various wars, they fought guerilla wars for the French or the British or against them or other enemies. During the American Revolutionary War, the Patriots and the Loyalists used guerilla warfare against enemy regular forces. Continuing the pre-war fighting of Bleeding Kansas, guerilla warfare was common in the order states during the American Civil War.  It was used also during the First Indochina War by the Vietnamese rebels against the French and during the Vietnam War by the North Vietnamese against the Americans and South Vietnamese.

Related pages 
 Terrorism

War
Sacrament

Sometimes Sacrament can stand for Eucharist
In Christianity, a sacrament is a special rite. It is a visible token of the reality of God.

Sacraments in the Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church knows seven such sacraments. These are
Baptism - usually given shortly after birth, it is meant to forgive original sin.
Confirmation - done when reaching maturity
Holy Eucharist - The body and blood of Jesus Christ is eaten to remember the Last Supper.
Marriage
Holy orders - the deacon, the priest and bishop.
Penance and remission of sins
Anointing of the Sick - used to be known as Last Rites, given shortly before death

Protestant views
Following Martin Luther's tradition, many Protestant churches see only Baptism and Lord's Supper as Sacraments. They also have most of the other rites, but do not consider them to be sacraments.

Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox views
Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches basically have the same views as the Roman Catholic Church. They say however, that many things the church does (as church), can be seen as sacraments, in some way.

Sacraments
St. Petersburg, Florida

For the city in Russia, see Saint Petersburg

St. Petersburg (shortened to St. Pete by the area residents) is a city in the U.S. state of Florida. It is in Pinellas County. It is home to the MLB team Tampa Bay Rays.
20 (number)

20 (also written as twenty or two ten) is the number that is after nineteen and before twenty-one.

The prime factors of twenty are 2 and 5. (2 * 2 * 5 = 20)

Its factors are: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, and 20.  As the sum of its factors is more than itself (i.e. 22), it can be referred to as an abundant number.

20 can been used as a number base. Remnants of this system remain in some European languages, for example in the English “score” (20) and the French “quatre-vingts” (80, literally four groups of twenty). The old (pre-decimal) English monetary system had twenty shillings in a pound. The ancient Mayan numerical system – counting on fingers and toes – was a base 20 or "vigesimal" system.

A polyhedron of 20 faces is an icosahedron, one of the five Platonic solids. It is a convex regular polyhedron composed of twenty triangular faces, with five meeting at each of the twelve vertices. It has 30 edges and 12 vertices. Its dual polyhedron is the dodecahedron.

In Japanese tradition, adulthood is established at the age of 20. See seijin not hi (the celebration of adulthood in Japan).

It is the number of milk teeth in an infant’s mouth.

In Roman numerals, 20 is written as XX.

Integers
40 (number)

40 (also written as forty or four ten) is the number that is after thirty-nine and before forty-one.

The prime factors of forty are 2 and 5. (2 * 2 * 2 * 5 = 40)

Forty is also the only number in the English language which is spelt in alphabetical order.

The Bible 
In the Judeo-Christian Bible, the number forty has special meaning. The Jews wandered in a desert for forty years, there was a forty-day and forty-night rainstorm, and other instances.

Integers
70 (number)

70 (also written as seventy or seven ten) is the number that is after sixty-nine and before seventy-one.

The prime factors of seventy are 2, 5, and 7. (2 * 5 * 7 = 70)

Integers
Gas giant

A gas giant is a large planet that has a solid core, but a very thick atmosphere. This means that most of the planet is made up of gas. These planets are very large.

In our Solar System, there are four gas giants: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. However, Uranus and Neptune are also called ice giants.

Jupiter and Saturn are similar because they are made up of mostly hydrogen and helium. They both contain massive, rocky cores that are bigger than Earth. Neptune and Uranus are similar because they are mainly made up of water and rock (a mixture of one or several minerals).

Gas giants have also been found around other stars than the sun. Most of those giant extrasolar planets are "hot giants" orbiting close to their star.

References

 
Types of planet
North Vietnam

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam, () also known as North Vietnam was a country in Asia. It existed from 1954 to 1976 and its capital was Hanoi. It was led by the Communist Party of Vietnam. It was proclaimed by President Ho Chi Minh on September 2, 1945.

Vietnam War 

The Vietnam War was a war in Vietnam. It lasted from 1955 to 1975. North Vietnam fought against South Vietnam. The United States helped South Vietnam, while China and the Soviet Union helped North Vietnam. The war caused a lot of damage. In the end, North Vietnam won, and the country became one again. Many people suffered because of the war.

References 

Former dictatorships
Set theory

Set theory is the study of sets in mathematics. Sets are collections of objects. We refer to these objects as "elements" or "members" of the set. To write a set, one wraps the numbers in {curly brackets}, and separates them with commas. For example. the set  holds 1, 2, and 3. Sets are also often referred to using capital roman letters such as , , .

There are three methods one can use to describe a set: Description method, Roster method (tabular form) and Rule method (set builder form).

History
Set theory was created around 1874 by Georg Cantor. It had to be made better because collections of objects can cause problems if we work with them without explaining them better. Russell's paradox was one of the problems. Think about the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. If it were inside itself, then the rule which defines it would mean that it is not inside itself. But, if it were not inside itself, then the rule which defines it would mean that it is inside itself. This was a serious problem, and it meant that the old set theory was broken.
It was improved by people including Zermelo and Bertrand Russell.

Theory
Set theory begins by giving some examples of things that are sets. Then it gives rules in which you can make other sets from the already known sets. Collections of objects that are not sets are called (proper) classes. It is possible to do mathematics using only sets, rather than classes, so that the problems that classes cause in mathematics do not occur.

 Example: An object  and a set . If  is a member (or element) of , we write . Since sets are objects, the membership relation can relate sets as well.

A binary relation between two sets is the subset relation, also called set inclusion. If all the members of set  are also members of set , then  is a subset of , marking . For example,  is a subset of , but  is not. From this example, it is clear that a set is a subset of itself. In cases where one wishes to not to have this, the term proper subset is meant not to have this possibility.

The self-considering objects in set theory was considered too, with some example numbers being 1={1}, 2={1, 2}, 3={1, 2, 3} and so on.

Related pages 
Cantor set
Cantor's theorem
Cardinality
Continuum (mathematics)
Mathematical logic
Naive set theory
Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory

References

Further reading 
 Chechulin V. L., Theory of sets with self-considering (foundations and some applications), Publishing by Perm State University (Russia), Perm, 2010, 100 p.  (In this non-predicative theory overcoming the limitations of  predicative formal systems, i.e. Godel's theorems, the text is accessible from the page http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=15267103 )
Demo (music)

A demo, in music, is the first version of a song or album.

It can also refer to an album made by the band as a "sample" in hopes of getting a contract with a record label.

Musical terminology
Breton language

Breton (, in Breton) is a Celtic language spoken in Brittany, in the north-west of France. Breton is closely related to the Cornish language of Cornwall spoken in south-west Great Britain. It is less closely related to Welsh and even less to the Goidelic languages of Scotland, Ireland and the Isle of Man. Breton has about 240,000 speakers,111 but that number is falling very quickly because the government of France has a policy of using French. As such, Breton is considered to be an endangered language.

References

Celtic languages
Languages of France
Celtic languages

The Celtic Languages are a language family In the Indo-European languages. There are six Celtic languages still spoken in the world today, in north-western Europe. They are divided into two groups, the Goidelic (or Gaelic) languages and the Brythonic (or British) languages. 

The three Goidelic languages still spoken are Irish, Scottish, and Manx. Scottish is the main language spoken in parts of north-western Scotland. Irish is the main language spoken in the Gaeltacht, in Ireland. Manx is spoken mainly by people interested in the language but used to be spoken on the Isle of Man.

The three Brythonic languages are Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. Cornish became extinct in the 18th century, but some people have started to speak it again now. Welsh is spoken everywhere throughout Wales, but it is the first language for people mainly in the North and the west of Wales, in the area that some people call the Bro Gymraeg. Breton is spoken mainly in western Brittany and is the only Celtic Language that is not spoken mainly on the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. Because Brittany is part of France, the language is in danger of becoming extinct, just like Cornish, and there are ongoing efforts to prevent that from happening.

Scottish Gaelic also has a native community of speakers in Canada, where it was once widely spoken, and there are Welsh-speakers in Patagonia, Argentina.

List of Celtic languages

Goidelic languages 
 Scottish Gaelic
 Irish
 Manx

Brythonic languages 
 Welsh
 Breton
 Cornish

Related pages 
 Celtic League
Salem, Tamil Nadu

Salem is a district capital and major city in Tamil Nadu, in India. It is known for its steel plants, factories which make steel.

Salem online yellow pages Directory 

Cities in Tamil Nadu
Salem district
Hunger strike

A hunger strike is a way that people protest by not eating.  Many people have done this to get people's attention, especially the attention of leaders.

Sometimes, hunger strikes are done by people who are in prison. In this case, the hunger strikes are sometimes ended by force feeding, when the prisoners are fed against their will through a feeding tube.

References

Related pages 
Strike action

Deaths from starvation
Political prisoners
Protests
Hermitage Museum

The Hermitage Museum (Эрмитаж) in St. Petersburg, Russia is one of the largest and oldest art galleries and museums of human history and culture in the world. The vast Hermitage collections are displayed in six buildings, founded by Catherine II of Russia in 1764 and opened in public since 1852. The main building is the Winter Palace. This was the official residence of the Russian Tsars.

Collections 
Strong points of the Hermitage collection of Western art include Michelangelo, Giambattista Pittoni, Leonardo da Vinci, Rubens, Van Dyck, Rembrandt, Poussin, Claude Lorraine, Watteau, Tiepolo, Canaletto, Canova, Rodin, Monet, Pissarro, Renoir, Cézanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Picasso, and Matisse. There are several more collections. Among the collections are the Russian imperial regalia, an assortment of Faberge jewellery, and the largest existing collection of ancient gold from Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

Cats 
Some cats lives on the museum grounds. They are named the Hermitage cats. They are an added attraction for tourists.

References

Art museums
Buildings and structures in Saint Petersburg
Education in Russia
1764 establishments
18th-century establishments in Russia
1081

1081 was a common year.

Events 
 Corfu taken from Byzantine Empire by Robert Guiscard, Norman King of Southern Italy
 Byzantine emperor Nicephorus III is overthrown by Alexius I Comnenus, ending the Middle Byzantine period and beginning the Comnenan dynasty
 Alexius I helps defend Albania from the Normans (the first recorded mention of Albania), but is defeated at the Battle of Dyrrhachium.
 Beginning of the construction of Saint Canute's Cathedral in Odense.
 May 8 – Alfonso VI of Castile marries Constance of Burgundy.

Births 
 December 1 – King Louis VI of France, French royal (died 1137)
Richard Trevithick

Richard Trevithick (April 13,1771 - April 22, 1833) was a Cornish inventor and engineer. He is best known for making the first working steam locomotive. However, it was designed to be a road vehicle, not a railroad one.

Trevithick was from the heart of a big mining area in Cornwall, U.K. His parents were Richard Trevithick (1735-1797) and Ann Teague (d. 1810.) In 1797, Trevithick married Jane Harvey. He died of pneumonia in 1833.

1771 births
1833 deaths
English inventors
Wasilla, Alaska

Wasilla is a small city in the U.S. state of Alaska, about 43 miles from Anchorage.  It is one of the ten largest cities in Alaska.  Sarah Palin was once mayor and owns a house with her family there.

The city's population was 9,054 at the 2020 census.

References

Other websites
Official City of Wasilla website

Cities in Alaska
Rantoul, Illinois

Rantoul is a village in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. Almost 12,000 people were living in Rantoul as of 2020.  Rantoul has an area of 8.6 square miles.

References

Villages in Illinois
Winter Springs, Florida

Winter Springs is a city in Florida. It is sometimes considered a suburb of Orlando.

Geography 
Winter Springs has a total area of 15 square miles.

Cities in Florida
Fredericton, New Brunswick

Fredericton is the capital city of New Brunswick, Canada. It is filled with rich history. Fredericton is on the Saint John River. There is a playhouse. There are scenic walking trails. Frederiction is the capital of New Brunswick. The population of Fredericton was 1,886 at the 2011 census.

Fredericton is known as a cultural and artistic city in New Brunswick. The city hosts an annual Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival which attracts both regional as well as international jazz, blues, rock, and world musicians.

References

Other websites
City of Fredericton's official website

Cities in New Brunswick
Provincial and territorial capitals of Canada
Clearwater, Florida

Clearwater is a city in Florida, it is in the Tampa Bay area.  It is the county seat of Pinellas County.

The first Hooters restaurant opened here in 1984. The Church of Scientology's international headquarters is also in the city.

Cities in Florida
County seats in Florida
Jordanhill railway station

Jordanhill railway station is in a suburb of Glasgow, Scotland. It is a station where passenger trains stop on the First ScotRail railway line. The station opened on August 1, 1887 as part of a different railway line.

On March 2, 2006, a new article on the Jordanhill railway station became English Wikipedia's one-millionth article.

Railway stations in Scotland
Buildings and structures in Glasgow
1887 establishments in Europe
1880s establishments in Scotland
Googolplex

A googolplex is the number 10googol, equivalent to 1010100  or 10Ten duotrigintillion or 1010,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.

Like the number googol, googolplex was thought of by Milton Sirotta, the nephew of mathematician Edward Kasner.

The company Google named their headquarters, the Googleplex, after the number.

A googolplexplex or googolplexian is a 1 followed by a Googolplex amount of zeros which is 10Googolplex (101010100 ).

Related pages
 Exponent
 Graham's number 
 Googol

Integers
Flint

Flint, or flintstone, is a kind of sedimentary rock, made of silica.

Bands of flint are found embedded in chalk and other kinds  of soft limestone. 

When the chalk is eroded, the hard flint nodules survive as pebbles on a shingle beach. It may happen that the pebbles later get cemented into another rock, such as a puddingstone. In this way, they make up a sedimentary rock for the second time.

Technical description 
Flint is a cryptocrystalline (means you can't see the crystals) form of the mineral quartz. It is a variety of chert. It occurs as a line of knobbly masses in  chalk and some limestones. Inside the nodule, flint is usually translucent, and can be various colours. A thin layer on the outside of the nodules is usually different in colour, typically white and rough in texture.

Uses 
Flintstones often have a rough lumpy surface but when they are broken, they look like dark glass. It has been one of the most useful types of stone to humankind.

Flint was used by hominins for over three million years. Stone tools found at Lake Turkana in Kenya, are dated as 3.3 million years old. This predates the genus Homo by half a million years. The oldest known Homo fossil is 2.8 million years old compared to the 3.3 million year old stone tools.

When flintstones are broken, they have a sharp edge which could be used as a knife, or a scraper.  When flint and an iron-containing material such as pyrite or steel are hit together, they can make a spark. For many centuries, flint was one of the main ways for people in many countries to make fire. People would carry a little box called a "tinder box" which had some tinder along with flint and pyrite or steel. The tinder was used to catch the spark and start a fire. Tinder could be sawdust, cloth, grass or bark. Flints were later used to make a spark to fire a gun. A gun that used flint was called a "flintlock" gun.

Flintstones are used in some countries for building. In England the flintstones used for building were often "knapped" which means they were broken to show the inside, like the stones used for the tower of Long Melford Church (below). This gave a better finish to the building that the dull knobbly stones would have made.

Gallery

Related pages 
 Chalk 
 Palaeolithic

References 

Sedimentary rocks
Valley Center, California

Valley Center is a census-designated place in San Diego County, California. It has a population of 10,087 people.

References

Census-designated places in California
Settlements in San Diego County, California
Newbridge, County Kildare

Newbridge (Droichead Nua in Gaelic) is a town in County Kildare, Republic of Ireland. It is the second largest town in Kildare.

Towns in Ireland
County Kildare
Anaheim, California

Anaheim is a city in the United States. It was founded by German immigrants in 1857. It is the home of Disneyland, and two professional sports teams, The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (baseball) and the Anaheim Ducks (ice hockey). In 2012, there was a riot following a police officer shooting a man.

References

Anaheim, California
1857 establishments in California
Chair

A chair is a piece of furniture that is usually made out of wood or plastic. It can also be made out of fabric, metal, wool, and stone. There can be different variants of chairs like stools, rocking chairs, gaming chairs, folding chairs, and armchairs. There are also wide variety of chairs, those with fabric are often called sofas, or couches, while those many without fabric are often referred to as benches. There are also less conventional chairs such as bean bag chairs and swinging chairs.

Other websites 

Furniture
1163



Events 
 Owain Gwynedd is recognized as ruler of Wales.
 Silesian duchies accept suzerainty of Holy Roman Empire.
 Law of Succession is introduced in Norway.
 Council of Tours is held, names and condemns Albigensians.
 Abbey of Lokkum in Hanover is founded as a Cistercian house by Cornwall
 Egyptian empire re– resurrected for 10 days

1163
Hercules

Hercules is a hero in Roman mythology. He is a mortal son of Alcmene and Zeus. Hercules is known for his great strength. In Greek mythology he is named Herakles, but he has some different stories.

Etymology
The name Hercules (Latin Herculēs) comes from the Etruscan Hercle. He was an Etruscan hero who was the equivalent to the Greek hero Herakles.

The twelve
In one of the more well known stories of Hercules, he had to complete twelve tasks. These tasks were: 
Kill the Nemean Lion and bring back its fur. (Leo)
Kill the Lernaean Hydra. 
Capture the Ceryneian Hind.
Capture the Erymanthian Boar.
Clean the Augean stables in a single day.
Kill the Stymphalian Birds.
Capture the Cretan Bull.
Steal the Mares of Diomedes.
Get the Girdle of Hippolyte.
Get the Cows of Geryon.
Steal the Apples of the Hesperides.
Capture Cerberus, the guardian dog of The Underworld and bring him back.

Other versions of the title Hercules
Hercules is also a character in Marvel Comics. He was an ally of the mighty Thor. He is the leader and a founding member of the super team the Champions. He was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in 1962.

Hercules also appears in the 1997 Disney movie of the same name, in which he is voiced by Tate Donovan.

Other websites

Roman mythology
Hercules (1997 movie)

Hercules is a 1997 American-Greek animated musical fantasy comedy movie based on the legendary Greek mythology hero Heracles (known in the movie by his Roman name, Hercules), the son of Zeus in Greek mythology. The movie was directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, and was produced by Curious Pictures.

"Go the Distance" was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. It lost both to Celine Dion's hit "My Heart Will Go On" from Titanic.

Cast
Tate Donovan as Hercules, based on the mythological deity Heracles
Josh Keaton provided the speaking voice of Hercules as a teenager. 
Roger Bart was his singing voice.
Danny DeVito as Philoctetes, Hercules' friend and mentor
Susan Egan as Megara, Hercules' love interest
James Woods as Hades, God of the Dead
Frank Welker as Pegasus, Hercules' companion
Rip Torn as Zeus, Hercules' father
Lillias White, Cheryl Freeman, LaChanze, Roz Ryan and Vanéese Y. Thomas as the Muses, the narrators of the movie's story.
Bobcat Goldthwait as Pain, Hades' demon
Matt Frewer as Panic, Hades' demon
Samantha Eggar as Hera, Hercules' mother
Patrick Pinney as the Cyclops.
Hal Holbrook and Barbara Barrie as Amphitryon and Alcmene, Hercules' adoptive parents.
Amanda Plummer, Carole Shelley and Paddi Edwards as the three Fates who predict Hades' attempt to conquer Olympus.
Paul Shaffer as Hermes.
Jim Cummings as Nessus.
Charlton Heston has a cameo appearance as the opening narrator.

Awards and nominations
 Academy Awards
 Academy Award for Best Original Song - "Go the Distance" (Nominated)
 Golden Globes
 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song - "Go the Distance" (Nominated)
 Saturn Award
 Best Fantasy Movie (Nominated)
 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards
 Favorite Animated Family Movie (Nominated)
 Favorite Song from a Movie - "Go the Distance" (Nominated)
 Young Artist Award
 Best Performance in a Voice Over Role - Young Actor Josh Keaton for Young Hercules's voice (Nominated)
 Annie Awards

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 
 

1997 fantasy movies
1997 animated movies
Disney animated movies
1990s American fantasy movies
Movies based on Greek and Roman mythology
Movies composed by Alan Menken
Movies set in Greece
1990s comedy movies
American comedy movies
American animated movies
Hercules (Disney)
The Karate Kid

The Karate Kid is a 1984 American drama movie starring Ralph Macchio and Pat Morita. It tells the story of a boy named Daniel LaRusso who moves with his mother from New Jersey to Los Angeles, California. Daniel has trouble adjusting and is bullied by a teenager named Johnny Lawrence and his friends at his school. Mr. Miyagi (Morita), the mechanic from the apartment building Daniel lives in, teaches Daniel martial arts, so he can fight the bullies in a tournament. The movie was very successful and was compared to the boxing movie Rocky. It was followed by three sequels: The Karate Kid Part II, The Karate Kid Part III, The Next Karate Kid and a remake in 2010.

Cast 
 Ralph Macchio as Daniel LaRusso
 Noriyuki "Pat" Morita as Mr. Miyagi
 Elisabeth Shue as Ali Mills
 Billy Zabka as Johnny Lawrence
 Randee Heller as Lucille LaRusso

Release Dates

Other websites

1984 drama movies
1980s sports movies
1980s teen drama movies
American sports drama movies
American teen drama movies
Columbia Pictures movies
1980s English-language movies
Movies about bullying
Movies set in Los Angeles
Teen sports movies
Karate movies
Movies directed by John G. Avildsen
533

533 was a common year.

Events 
January 2 – John II becomes Pope, succeeding Pope Boniface II, who had died in 532.
Belisarius, a general in the service of Justinian I, lands in North Africa and attacks the Vandals.
September 13 – Battle of Ad Decimium: Belisarius defeats the Vandals under Gelimer. Gelimer, forced to flee, leaves Carthage unprotected.
December 15 – The Battle of Ticameron begins.
December – Battle of Ticameron: Belisarius defeats a new Vandal force under Gelimer and Tzazo. Tzazo is killed in an all-cavalry fight, and Gelimer flees to the mountains of Numidia.
December 16 – The Digesta or Pandectae, a collection of jurist writings and other sources, is completed (see Corpus Juris Civilis).
Theodebert I becomes king of Austrasia.
Crazy Horse

Crazy Horse (born about 1838 – died September 5, 1877) was an Oglala Sioux Native American chief. There is a huge sculpture being carved of him in South Dakota, United States. 

When Crazy Horse was first born he was given the name 'Curly'. When he was young, he had a vision when he was not supposed to and his family did not know where he was. His father found him and was very unhappy at what young Curly had done.
As Crazy Horse grew into a man, he was given his father's name Crazy Horse. His father then changed his own name to Worm. 

Crazy Horse had good medicine, so he was never killed when he went into battle. He led his people to the Little Bighorn river in northern Montana to join forces with other Sioux bands like the Hunkpapa and Miniconjou, and with other tribes like the Cheyennes and Arapahos. There they fought General George Armstrong Custer, killing and defeating him and his many horsemen.

Eventually Crazy Horse made a tough decision to lead his people, the Oglalas, to a reservation because they were starving. Game was scarce and the bison (buffalo) were nearly gone. He had no choice but to leave the Black Hills. When he arrived at Fort Robinson, he was forced to give up his weapons and horses. This made him very unhappy. One day, even though he was granted time to go on a hunt, he was lied to and, trying to get away, he was stabbed in his liver and died later that night, thus ending the Great Sioux War.

"Once I moved about like the wind. Now I surrender to you and that is all"
Quote by Geronimo, Chief of the Apaches  .

The Sioux Royal Family, the House of Thasunke Witko, are descendants of Crazy Horse. A queen, Queen Wakiyan, was elected Queen of the Kingdom of Lakota (in Sioux, "Oglala Oyanke") and of the Oglala Sioux, and tried to improve the economy at the Pine Ridge Reservation with creativity and imagination, and to bring the Sioux forward into modern times;however, a conspiracy of jealous chieftains who were both male chauvinists opposed to having a female leader and also a corrupt group of men jealous of their own power and who prefer to preside over the poverty of the Sioux People, ruthlessly trumped up false allegations in order to depose this good queen.

According to Frederick Hoxie's 'Encyclopedia of North American Indians' Crazy Horse was the third in his male line of descent to bear the name of Crazy Horse, which in Oglala is Tasunke Witko. Tasunke Witko III was the son of Rattling Blanket Woman and Tasunke Witko II. He married three times: 1st to Black Buffalo Woman, 2nd to Black Shawl, and 3rd to Nellie Larrabee (Laravie). Only his second wife, Black Shawl, bore him any children: a daughter named They Are Afraid of Her, who died aged three.

Native American people
1838 births
1877 deaths
People from South Dakota
1185



Events 
 April 25 – Genpei War – Naval battle of Dan-no-ura leads to Minamoto victory in Japan
 Templars settle in London and begin the building of New Temple Church
 End of the Heian Period and beginning of the Kamakura period in Japan.
 Founding of Katedralskolan in Lund, Sweden. The school is the oldest in northern Europe, and one of the oldest in Europe.
 Peter and Asen led a revolt of the Vlachs and Bulgars against the Byzantine Empire, eventually establishing the Second Bulgarian Kingdom.
 August 15 – The cave city of Vardzia was consecrated by Queen Tamar of Georgia

Births 
 April 23 – King Afonso II of Portugal (died 1223)
 Inge II of Norway (died 1217)
 Gertrude of Merania, queen of Andrew II of Hungary (died 1213)

Deaths 
 April 25 – Emperor Antoku, 81st emperor of Japan (b. 1178)
 June 16 – Richeza of Poland, daughter of Wladislaus II the Exile of Poland
 July 18 – Stefan, first Archbishop of Uppsala
 July 25 – King Afonso I of Portugal (born 1109)
 September 12 – Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor
 November 25 – Pope Lucius III
 December 6 – King Afonso I of Portugal (born 1109)
 Baldwin IV of Jerusalem (born 1161)
 Taira no Munemori, Japanese soldier (born 1147)
 Taira no Noritsune, Japanese soldier (born 1160)
 Taira no Shigehira, Japanese soldier (born 1158)
 Taira no Tomomori, Japanese soldier (born 1152)
 Ibn Tufail, Arab philosopher, physician, and courtier

References 

1185
1377



Events 
 January 17 – Gregory XI enters Rome.
 January 27 – The Bad Parliament begins sitting.
 February 23 – The Bad Parliament dissolved.
 May – Continuous riots in Rome induce Gregory XI to remove temporarily to Anagui.
 May 22 – Gregory XI issues five Bulls in which the opinions of John Wyclif are condemned.
 June 21 – Edward III dies at age 65.
 July 16 – Coronation of 10-year-old Richard II.
 October 13 – Richard II's first parliament meets.
 October 18 – Andronicus IV Palaeologus crowned emperor in Constantinople.
 Informed that khan Urus of the White Horde has died, Timur Lenk sends Tokhtamish to take the Horde throne, but the successor of Urus defeats him.
 Mamluk sultan Sha'ban II is succeeded by 'Ali II.
 Muhammad al-Mutawakkil I is briefly deposed this year as Abbasid puppet caliph of the Mamluks, Zakariyya' al-Mu'tasim taking the throne for that period.
 A sermon by a German monk states "the game of cards has come to us this year" and prohibitions against cards are issued by John of Castile and the cities of Florence and Basel.
 Papal legate to northern Italy Robert of Geneva (the future Clement VII) pillages Cesena and 4,000 antipapal rebels are massacred.
He-Man and the Masters of the Universe

He-Man and the Masters of the Universe is a cartoon series, that first came out in 1983 and ended in 1985. It aired in first run syndication. It was based on a popular toy line and was the first series in the Masters of the Universe franchise.

Story 
The series told the story of He-Man, a superhero wielding a magical sword, and his battle to protect the planet Eternia from the evil demon called Skeletor.

Cast 

 John Erwin as He-Man, Ram-Man, Beast Man and others
 Alan Oppenheimer as Skeletor, Cringer, Man-At-Arms and others
 Lou Scheimer as Orko, King Randor and others
 Linda Gary as Teela, Evil-Lyn, Queen Marlena, Sorceress and others

Other websitess
He-Man and the Masters of the Universe on YouTube

Masters of the Universe  on Hulu

Animated television series
First run syndicated television programs
English-language television programs
Fantasia Barrino

Fantasia Barrino (born June 30, 1984) is an American singer. She was the winner of the third season of American Idol.

References

1984 births
Living people
Singers from North Carolina
American Idol winners
Actors from North Carolina