October 25



Events

Up to 1900 
 1147 - Portuguese forces under Afonso I of Portugal, and crusaders from England and Flanders, conquer Lisbon after a four-month siege.
 1154 - Henry II of England becomes King.
 1415 - The army of Henry V of England defeats a French army at the Battle of Agincourt.
 1616 – Dirk Hartog makes the second-recorded European landing in Australia, on Dirk Hartog Island, off the west coast.
 1671 - Giovanni Domenico Cassini discovers Saturn's moon Iapetus.
 1722 - King Louis XV of France, aged 12, is crowned in Reims Cathedral.
 1747 - A British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke defeats  the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.
 1760 - George III of the United Kingdom becomes King, after the death of his grandfather, King George II of Great Britain.
 1788 – The HMAV Bounty reaches Tahiti.
 1812 - War of 1812: American frigate USS United States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian.
 1822 - Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins.
 1828 - The St. Catherine Docks open in London.
 1854 - Crimean War: Battle of Balaklava, including the British Charge of the Light Brigade.
 1861 - The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
 1900 - The United Kingdom annexes Transvaal.

1901  2000 
 1917 - Julian calendar date of Russia's October Revolution. In the Gregorian calendar, the date was November 7.
 1918 - Canadian steamship Princess Sophia hits a reef off Alaska and sinks, killing all 356 people on board.
 1927 - Italian luxury steamship Principessa Mafalda hits a rock off Porto Seguro, Brazil, and sinks, killing 312 people.
 1929 - Wall Street Crash: The severe losses of the previous day continue.
 1940 - Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. is named the first African American general of the United States Army.
 1941 - World War II: The Romanian Army liberates Carei, the last Romanian city under Nazi-Hungarian control.
 1944 - World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf occurs in the Philippines.
 1945 – The Republic of China takes over Taiwan.
 1955 - In Japan, 12-year-old Sadako Sasaki dies, as a result of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima 10 years earlier. Her origami cranes, folded after she became unwell, have become symbols of peace and opposition to nuclear weapons.
 1962 - Nelson Mandela is sentenced to five years in prison.
 1962 – Uganda joins the UN.
 1971 – At the UN, the People's Republic of China joins, as the Republic of China is expelled.
 1979 - Catalonia and the Basque Country gain some autonomy (self-rule) within Spain.
 1979 – The last new episode of Fawlty Towers airs.
 1983 – The US and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after its Prime Minister Maurice Bishop is killed in a coup.
 1990 - Kazakhstan declares independence from the Soviet Union
 1991 - Four months after the Ten-Day War, the last soldier of the Yugoslav People's Army leaves the territory of the Republic of Slovenia.
 1995 - A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing 7 students.
 1995 - Latvia applies to join the EU.
 1997 - Denis Sassou-Nguesso proclaims himself President of the Republic of the Congo.

From 2001 
 2001 - Microsoft releases Windows XP.
 2004 - In Cuba, Fidel Castro announces that transactions in the country that involve the United States Dollar will be banned.
 2007 - Singapore Airlines carry out the first passenger flight of an Airbus A380.
 2009 - Bombings in Baghdad kill 155 people.
 2010 – A magnitude 7.7 earthquake off the west coast of Sumatra causes tsunamis, which kill over 400 people, and leave many more missing.
 2019 - The European Union agrees to extend the United Kingdom's Brexit deadline beyond October 31.
 2019 - A beetle species discovered in 1965 is named after climate change activist Greta Thunberg, being given the name Nelloptodes gretae.

Births

Up to 1900 
 1330 - Louis II of Flanders (d. 1384)
 1510 - Renée of France (d. 1574)
 1576 - Thomas Weelkes, English composer (d. 1623)
 1683 - Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, British politician (d. 1757)
 1692 – Elizabeth Farnese, wife of King Philip V of Spain (d. 1766)
 1714 - James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish scholar, philosopher and deist (d. 1799)
 1754 - Richard Howell, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1802)
 1759 - Maria Feodorovna, Russian Empress (d. 1828)
 1759 - William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1834)
 1767 – Benjamin Constant, Swiss writer (d. 1830)
 1782 - Levi Lincoln, Jr., 13th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1868)
 1789 - Heinrich Schwabe, German astronomer and botanist (d. 1875)
 1790 - Robert Stirling, Scottish clergyman and inventor, creator of the Stirling engine (d. 1878)
 1800 - Thomas Macaulay, British poet, historian and politician (d. 1859)
 1802 - Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strongman (d. 1864)
 1806 - Max Stirner, German philosopher (d. 1856)
 1811 – Evariste Galois, French mathematician (d. 1832)
 1821 - Antonio Ciseri, Swiss-Italian writer (d. 1891)
 1825 – Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer (d. 1899)
 1827 - Marcelin Berthelot, French chemist and politician (d. 1907)
 1828 - Dragan Tsankov, Bulgarian political figure (d. 1911)
 1835 - William McTaggart, Scottish painter (d. 1910)
 1838 – Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
 1856 – Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger, Croatian paleontologist (d. 1936)
 1864 – Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (d. 1956)
 1864 - John Francis Dodge, American automobile pioneer (d. 1920)
 1867 – Józef Dowbór-Muśnicki, Polish general (d.1937)
 1868 - Dan Burke, American baseball player (d. 1933)
 1868 - Oskar Kallas, Estonian diplomat, linguist and folklorist (d. 1946)
 1877 - Henry Norris Russell, American astronomer (d. 1957)
 1879 - Fritz Haarmann, German serial killer (d. 1924)
 1881 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1973)
 1888 – Richard E. Byrd, American explorer (d. 1957)
 1889 – Abel Gance, movie writer (d. 1981)
 1889 - Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player (d. 1985)
 1891 - Father Coughlin, Roman Catholic priest and radio broadcaster (d. 1979)
 1892 – Leo G. Carroll, actor (d. 1972)
 1895 – Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1969)
 1900 - Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian social activist (d. 1978)

1901  1925 
 1902 – Eddie Lang, American jazz musician (d. 1933)
 1902 - Carlo Gnocchi, Italian priest, educator and writer (d. 1955)
 1902 - Alfred E. Driscoll, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1975)
 1903 - Katharine Byron, United States Congresswoman (d. 1976)
 1905 - Bob McPhail, Scottish footballer (d. 2000)
 1910 – William Higinbotham, American physicist (d. 1994)
 1912 – Minnie Pearl, American comedian and singer (d. 1996)
 1913 – Klaus Barbie, Nazi war criminal (d. 1991)
 1914 – John Berryman, American poet (d. 1972)
 1915 – Ivan M. Niven, Canadian mathematician (d. 1999)
 1918 - Chubby Jackson, American jazz musician and bandleader (d. 2003)
 1919 - Norman E. Erbe, Governor of Iowa (d. 2000)
 1919 - Beate Uhser-Rotermund, German pilot and entrepreneur (d. 2001)
 1921 - Michael I, former King of Romania (d. 2017)
 1923 - Jean Duceppe, Quebec actor (d. 1990)
 1923 - Bobby Thomson, Scottish-born American baseball player (d. 2010)
 1923 - Achille Silvestrini, Italian cardinal (d. 2019)
 1924 – Bill Barty, American actor (d. 2000)
 1924 - Earl Palmer, American musician (d. 2008)
 1925 - John J. Snyder, American Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2019)

1926  1950 
 1926 - Jimmy Heath, American jazz saxophonist, composer and arranger
 1926 – Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian soprano (d. 2012)
 1927 - Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, former President of Uruguay (d. 2016)
 1927 – Barbara Cook, American singer and actress (d. 2017)
 1927 - Lawrence Kohlberg, American psychologist (d. 1987)
 1928 – Marion Ross, American actress
 1928 - Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist (d. 2016)
 1928 - Jeanne Cooper, American actress (d. 2013)
 1928 - Anthony Franciosa, American actor (d. 2006)
 1929 - Peter Rühmkorf, German writer (d. 2008)
 1931 - Annie Girardot, French actress (d. 2011)
 1932 - Jerzy Pawlowski, Polish fencer and double agent (d. 2005)
 1933 – Jack Haley Jr., movie producer and director (d. 2001)
 1935 – Rusty Schweickart, American astronaut
 1936 - Martin Gilbert, British historian (d. 2015)
 1936 - Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress
 1937 - Roberto Menescal, Brazilian musician
 1938 - Basile Georges Casmoussa, Iraqi archbishop
 1938 - Vija Celmins, Latvian-American artist
 1939 - Robert Cogoi, Belgian singer
 1939 - Nikos Nikolaidis, Greek movie director and writer (d. 2007)
 1939 - Dave Simmonds, English motorcycle racer (d. 1972)
 1940 – Bobby Knight, American basketball coach
 1941 – Anne Tyler, novelist
 1942 – Helen Reddy, Australian singer
 1944 – Jon Anderson, singer (Yes)
 1944 – James Carville, political operative
 1944 - Donald Ford, Scottish footballer
 1944 - Azizan Abdul Razak, Malaysian politician
 1945 - Yuriy Mechkov, Russian politician (d. 2019)
 1947 – Glenn Tipton, English guitarist (Judas Priest)
 1948 – Dan Gable, wrestler and coach
 1949 – Brian Kerwin, actor
 1949 - Ross Bagdasarian Jr., American voice actor
 1950 - David Kaye, former American rabbi and convicted sex offender

1951  1975 
 1951 – Richard Lloyd, musician
 1952 - Wendy Hall, English computer scientist, mathematician and academic
 1954 – Mike Eruzione, American hockey player
 1955 - Glynis Barber, English actress
 1955 - Robin Eubanks, American jazz musician
 1955 – Matthias Jabs, German guitarist
 1957 – Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress
 1957 - Bernard Hogan-Howe, English police officer
 1958 - Kornelia Ender, German swimmer
 1958 – Phil Daniels, British actor
 1959 - Chrissy Amphlett, Australian singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2013)
 1961 - Chad Smith, American drummer (Red Hot Chilli Peppers)
 1961 - Willie Walsh, Irish businessman
 1962 - Nick Hancock, British TV presenter
 1962 – Darlene Vogel, American actress
 1963 - John Levén, Swedish bassist (Europe)
 1963 – Tracy Nelson, actress
 1964 – Nicole, German singer
 1966 - Wendel Clark, Canadian ice hockey player
 1969 – Oleg Salenko, Ukrainian-Russian footballer
 1970 – Ed Robertson, Canadian guitarist and singer (Barenaked Ladies)
 1970 - Adam Goldberg, American actor
 1970 - Adam Pascal, American actor
 1971 – Pedro Martínez, Dominican baseball player
 1971 – Midori, Japanese violinist
 1972 - Esther Duflo, French-American economist
 1972 - Jonathan Torrens, Canadian actor, producer and screenwriter
 1973 - Bettina Wulff, former First Lady of Germany
 1975 - Zadie Smith, British novelist

From 1976 
 1977 – Birgit Prinz, German footballer
 1977 - Anita Rani, English television presenter
 1978 - An Jong-hak, Japanese-born North Korean footballer
 1978 - Bobby Madden, Scottish football referee
 1979 - Ivana Sert, Serbian-Turkish television personality, model and fashion designer
 1979 - Rob Hulse, English footballer
 1981 – Shaun Wright-Phillips, English footballer
 1981 - Hiroshi Aoyama, Japanese motorcycle racer
 1982 - Victoria Francés, Spanish artist
 1984 – Sara Helena Lumholdt, Swedish musician (A-Teens)
 1984 - Eddie Gaven, American soccer player
 1984 – Katy Perry, American singer
 1985 – Ciara Harris, American singer
 1985 - Kara Lynn Joyce, American swimmer
 1986 - DJ Webstar, American DJ and producer
 1987 - Bill Amis, American basketball player
 1987 – Fabian Hambüchen, German gymnast
 1987 – Darron Gibson, Irish footballer
 1988 - Rylan Clark-Neal, English television personality
 1995 - Conchita Campbell, Canadian actress
 1997 - Federico Chiesa, Italian footballer
 1997 - Michael Rice, English singer
 2001 - Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant, next in-line to the throne of Belgium
 2006 – Krista and Tatiana Hogan, Canadian craniopagus conjoined twins

Deaths

Up to 1900 
 304 - Pope Marcellinus
 625 - Pope Boniface V
 1047 – King Magnus I of Norway (b. 1024)
 1154 - King Stephen of England (b. 1096)
 1200 - Conrad of Wittelsbach, German archbishop
 1400 - Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet (b. 1340)
 1415 - Antoine, Duke of Brabant (b. 1384)
 1415 - Frederick of Lorraine (b. 1371)
 1478 - Catherine of Bosnia (b. 1425)
 1495 – King John II of Portugal (b. 1455)
 1514 - William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop (b. 1431)
 1647 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (b. 1608)
 1733 – Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (b. 1667)
 1760 – King George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
 1806 - Henry Knox, American general and politician (b. 1750)
 1833 - Abbas Mirza of Persia (b. 1789)
 1836 - Antonios Miaoulis, Greek politician and revolutionary leader (b. 1800)
 1844 - Heinrich Cotta, German forester (b. 1763)
 1906 - Todor Burmov, Bulgarian politician (b. 1834)
 1920 – King Alexander I of Greece (b. 1893)
 1921 - Bat Masterson, American journalist and lawman (b. 1853)
 1926 - Charles Marion Russell, American artist and writer (b. 1864)
 1945 - Robert Ley, German Nazi official (b. 1890)
 1951 - Amélie of Orléans, last Queen of Portugal (b. 1865)
 1955 – Sadako Sasaki, Japanese Hiroshima Atomic bomb victim (b. 1943)
 1973 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian athlete (b. 1932)
 1973 - Robert Scholl, German politician (b. 1891)
 1973 - Cleo Moore, American actress (b. 1928)
 1992 - Roger Miller, American musician and composer (b. 1936)
 1993 – Vincent Price, American actor (b. 1911)
 1994 - Mildred Natwick, American actress (b. 1905)
 1995 – Viveca Lindfors, Swedish actress (b. 1920)
 1995 - Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (b. 1918)
 1999 - Payne Stewart, American golfer (b. 1957)

From 2001 
 2001 - Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari, Empress of Iran (b. 1932)
 2002 – Richard Harris, Irish actor (b. 1930)
 2002 - René Thom, French mathematician (b. 1923)
 2003 - Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher and spiritual figure (b. 1920)
 2003 - Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish cross-country skier (b. 1925)
 2004 – John Peel, British disc jockey (b. 1939)
 2009 - Camillo Cibin, Italian papal bodyguard (b. 1926)
 2010 – Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican musician (b. 1951)
 2011 - Tom McNeeley, American boxer (b. 1937)
 2012 - John Connelly, English footballer (b. 1938)
 2012 - Jacques Barzun, French-born American historian and philosopher (b. 1907)
 2013 - Arthur Danto, American philosopher and art critic (b. 1924)
 2013 - Nigel Davenport, British actor (b. 1928)
 2013 - Bill Sharman, American basketball player and coach (b. 1926)
 2013 - Hal Needham, American stuntman and director (b. 1931)
 2013 - Marcia Wallace, American actress (b. 1942)
 2014 - Marcia Strassman, American actress (b. 1948)
 2014 - Reyhaneh Jabbari, Iranian woman convicted of murder (b. 1988)
 2014 - Jack Bruce, Scottish musician (b. 1943)
 2014 - Carlos Morales Troncoso, Vice President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1940)
 2015 - Flip Saunders, American basketball coach (b. 1955)
 2015 - Lisa Jardine, English historian (b. 1944)
 2016 - Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian footballer (b. 1944)
 2017 - Mohamed Abshir Muse, Somali military officer (b. 1926)
 2017 - Jack Bannon, American actor (b. 1940)
 2017 - Ronald Breslow, American chemist (b. 1931)
 2017 - Ian Cathie, Australian politician (b. 1932)
 2017 - Lu Guanqiu, Chinese entrepreneur (b. 1945)
 2017 - Pinito del Oro, Spanish trapeze artist and novelist (b. 1930)
 2018 - Sara Anzanello, Italian volleyball player (b. 1980)
 2018 - Lindon Crow, American football player (b. 1933)
 2018 - Sonny Fortune, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1939)
 2018 - Thomas Keating, American Trappist monk and author (b. 1923)
 2018 - Michael J. O'Connor, American politician (b. 1928)
 2018 - Shivinder Singh Sidhu, Indian politician, Governor of Meghalaya and Goa (b. 1929)
 2018 - John Ziegler Jr., American ice hockey player (b. 1934)
 2019 - Salvador Freixedo, Spanish ufologist and Jesuit priest (b. 1923)
 2019 - Carlo Strenger, Swiss-Italian psychologist and philosopher (b. 1958)
 2019 - Don Valentine, American venture capitalist (b. 1932)

Observances 
 Constitution Day (Lithuania)
 Armed Forces Day (Romania)
 Day of the Basque Country
 Republic Day (Kazakhstan)
 Thanksgiving Day (Grenada)

Days of the year