July 1



Events

Up to 1900 
 69 - Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
 552 - Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in present-day Italy.
 1097 – Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders under Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Turkish army under Qilich Arslan I.
 1431 - The Battle of La Higueruela takes place in Granada, leading to a modest advance of Castile
 1502 - A hurricane off the Caribbean island of Hispaniola sinks 20 ships, with no survivors.
 1690 – Battle of the Boyne as reckoned under Julian calendar.
 1770 - Lexell's Comet passes closer to Earth than any other comet in recorded history.
 1782 - American privateers attack Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.
 1858 – The joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution to the Linnean Society.
 1862 – Russian State Library is founded.
 1863 – American Civil War: the Battle of Gettysburg begins.
 1863 - The Netherlands ends slavery in Suriname, on a day now celebrated there as Keti Koti.
 1867 – The British North America Act takes effect as the constitution of Canada, creating the Canadian Confederation; John A. Macdonald is sworn in as first Prime Minister.
 1870 – The United States Department of Justice formally comes into existence.
 1873 – Prince Edward Island joins the Canadian Confederation.
 1874 - The Sholes and Glidden typewriter, the first commercially successful typewriter, goes on sale.
 1878 – Canada joins the Universal Postal Union.
 1879 - Charles Taze Russell, founder of the Jehovah's Witnesses, publishes the first edition of the religious magazine The Watchtower.
 1881 – World's first international telephone call, between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, United States.
 1881 – General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell-Childers reforms of the British Army's organisation, came into effect.
 1885 – United States terminates reciprocity and fishery agreement with Canada.
 1890 – Canada and Bermuda linked by telegraph cable.
 1898 - Spanish-American War: The Battle of San Juan Hill is fought near Santiago de Cuba.

1901  1950 
 1903 - The first Tour de France cycling race starts.
 1904 – Games of the III Olympiad open in Saint Louis, Missouri.
 1908 - SOS is first adopted as a distress signal.
 1916 – First day on the Somme: On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 20,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed, and 40,000 wounded.
 1921 – The Communist Party of China is founded.
 1923 – The Canadian Parliament suspends all Chinese immigration.
 1931 - Official opening of Milan Central Station.
 1935 – Regina, Saskatchewan police and Royal Canadian Mounted Police ambush strikers participating in On-to-Ottawa-Trek.
 1937 - The first 999 emergency telephone number goes into effect in the UK.
 1942 - A US submarine sinks Japanese ship Montevideo Maru, killing 1,053 people, including Australian POWs.
 1943 - Tokyo City merges with Tokyo Prefecture and is dissolved, meaning that Tokyo is not a city.
 1947 - The Philippine Air Force is founded.
 1947 – The Australian real estate franchise L. J. Hooker lists on the Australian Stock Exchange
 1948 – Official opening of New York International Airport (now known as John F. Kennedy International Airport) at Idlewild.
 1949 - 1,000 years of the princely family of Cochin's rule comes to an end in Southern India, when the states of Cochin and Travancore merge into the state of Thiru-Kochi, which later becomes known as Kerala.

1951  1975 
 1957 – The International Geophysical Year begins (until December 31, 1958).
 1958 – The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation links television broadcasting across Canada via microwave.
 1958 – Flooding of the St. Lawrence Seaway begins.
 1960 – Independence of Somalia.
 1960 – Ghana becomes a Republic.
 1962 – Independence of Rwanda.
 1962 – Independence of Burundi.
 1963 – ZIP Code introduced for United States mail.
 1963 – The British Government admits that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent.
 1963 – U.S. President John F. Kennedy arrives in Rome.
 1966 – First colour television transmission in Canada, from Toronto.
 1967 – The European Community is formally created out of a merger with the Common Market, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Commission.
 1968 – The CIA's Phoenix Program is officially established.
 1968 – Nuclear non-proliferation treaty signed by about sixty countries in Geneva, Switzerland.
 1968 – Formal separation of the United Auto Workers with the AFL-CIO.
 1969 – Rock group The Band release their influential debut Music From Big Pink.
 1972 – Andreas Baader, Jan-Carl Raspe and Holger Meins of the Red Army Faction are captured in Frankfurt am Main after a shootout with the police.

1976  2000 
 1976 – Portugal gives Miaaa to Madeira.
 1978 – Australia's Northern Territory is given self-government.
 1979 – Sony introduces the Walkman.
 1980 – O Canada officially becomes the national anthem of Canada.
 1983 – A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry Airport in Guinea crashed into the Fouta Djall Mountains in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 people on board.
 1984 - Liechtenstein allows women the right to vote, as the last then-independent European country to do so.
 1985 - At a Wimbledon Doubles match, the record is set for the longest-ever tie break (after a set is tied 6-6), which ends 26-24.
 1984 - Richard von Weizsaecker becomes President of Germany.
 1986 – In an interview with Playboy magazine, science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke comes out as a bisexual.
 1987 – Excavation begins on the Channel Tunnel.
 1988 – Bologna, Italy: Quartetto Cetra's last concert after over forty years' musical career.
 1990 – East Germany accepts the Deutsche Mark as its currency, thus uniting the economies of East and West Germany.
 1991 – The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved.
 1994 - Roman Herzog becomes President of Germany.
 1997 – The United Kingdom hands sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.
 1999 – At the first meeting of the Scottish Parliament in nearly three centuries, Winnie Ewing opened with the famous words, "The Scottish Parliament, adjourned on the 25th day of March in the year 1707, is hereby reconvened."
 1999 - Johannes Rau becomes President of Germany.
 2000 - The Oresund Bridge between Denmark and Sweden is opened.
 2000 – Vermont's civil unions law goes into effect.

From 2001 
 2002 - The International Criminal Court is created, to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression.
 2002 – A Bashkirian Airlines Tupolev TU-154 and a DHL (German cargo) Boeing 757 collide in mid-air over southern Germany, killing 71.
 2003 – 500,000 people take part in a march in Hong Kong to protest, amongst other things, the government's handling of the plans to implement a new anti-subversion law required under Article 23 of Hong Kong's Basic Law.
 2004 – 530,000 people take part in a march in Hong Kong to urge for faster pace of democratisation and universal suffrage, according to Article 45 and Article 68 of Hong Kong's Basic Law.
 2004 – Saturn Orbit Insertion of Cassini-Huygens begins at 01:12 UT and ends at 02:48 UT.
 2004 - Horst Koehler becomes President of Germany.
 2005 – Microsoft plans to end official support of Windows 2000
 2005 – Make Poverty History's White Band Day.
 2005 – Revaluation of the Romanian Leu.
 2006 - First operation of the Qinghai-Tibet railway.
 2007 – On the same day as each other, England and Australia ban smoking in public places.
 2009 – Ivo Sanader resigns as Prime Minister of Croatia. Jadranka Kosor succeeds him.
 2012 – The Spain national football team wins UEFA Euro 2012, defeating the Italy national football team 4-0 in the final in Kiev, Ukraine.
 2013 – Croatia joins the European Union.
 2013 - Neptune's moon S/2004 N1 is discovered.
 2015 - Greece becomes the first advanced economy to miss a payment to the International Monetary Fund.
 2016 - Austria's highest court orders a re-run of the May 22 Presidential election, in which Alexander Van der Bellen had narrowly defeated Norbert Hofer.
 2018 – Andrés Manuel López Obrador is elected President of Mexico.

Births

Up to 1900 
 1336  Philip, Duke of Orléans (d. 1375)
 1368  Bracco da Montone, Italian mercenary (d. 1424)
 1381  Lorenzo Giustiniani, Italian bishop (d. 1456)
 1481  King Christian II of Denmark, Sweden and Norway (d. 1559)
 1506  King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia (d. 1526)
 1534  King Frederick II of Denmark (d. 1583)
 1627  Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1669)
 1633  Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian (d. 1698)
 1646  Gottfried Leibniz, German mathematician and philosopher (d. 1716)
 1723  Pedro Rodriguez, Conde de Campomanes, Spanish statesman (d. 1802)
 1725  Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, French nobleman and soldier (d. 1807)
 1742  Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, German physicist (d. 1799)
 1771  Ferdinando Paer, Italian composer (d. 1839)
 1780  Carl von Clausewitz, Prussian general (d. 1831)
 1788  Jean-Victor Poncelet, French mathematician and engineer (d. 1867)
 1804  George Sand, French writer (d. 1876)
 1812  Abbas I of Egypt (d. 1854)
 1814  Robert Torrens, Irish-Australian politician, 3rd Premier of South Australia (d. 1884)
 1818  Ignaz Semmelweis, Hungarian physician (d. 1865)
 1822  Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Vietnamese poet (d. 1888)
 1834  Jadwiga Luszczewska, Polish poet (d. 1908)
 1863  William Grant Stairs, Canadian explorer (d. 1892)
 1872  Louis Blériot, French aviator (d. 1936)
 1873  Andrass Samuelsen, 1st Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 1954)
 1878  Jacques Rosenbaum, Baltic German architect (d. 1944)
 1879  Léon Jouhaux, French labor figure (d. 1954)
 1882  B. C. Roy, Indian doctor and politician (d. 1962)
 1889  Vera Mukhina, Russian sculptor (d. 1962)
 1893  Walter White, Head of the NAACP (d. 1955)
 1899  Konstantinos Tsatsos, President of Greece (d. 1987)
 1899  Charles Laughton, British actor (d. 1962)
 1899  Thomas A. Dorsey, American composer (d. 1993)

1901  1950 
 1902  William Wyler, French-American director, producer and screenwriter (d. 1981)
 1903  Amy Johnson, British pilot (d. 1941)
 1906  Estée Lauder, American entrepreneur (d. 2004)
 1906  Jean Dieudonné, French mathematician (d. 1992)
 1906  Peter Ritchie Calder, Scottish author, journalist and academic (d. 1982)
 1907  Fabian von Schlabrendorff, German jurist and resistance activist (d. 1980)
 1908  Peter Anders, German tenor (d. 1954)
 1909  Emmett Toppino, American sprinter (d. 1971)
 1910  Glenn Hardin, American hurdler (d. 1975)
 1911  Sergey Leonidovich Sokolov, Soviet marshal (d. 2012)
 1913  Vasantrao Naik, Indian politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Maharashtra (d. 1979)
 1915  Nguyen Van Linh, Vietnamese politician (d. 1998)
 1915  Willie Dixon, American blues singer (d. 1992)
 1916  Olivia de Havilland, British-born actress
 1917  Humphry Osmond, English psychiatrist (d. 2004)
 1920  Lucidio Sentimenti, Italian footballer (d. 2014)
 1921  Seretse Khama, first President of Botswana (d. 1980)
 1922  Riccardo Carapellese, Italian footballer (d. 1995)
 1924  Antoni Ramallets, Spanish footballer (d. 2013)
 1925  Farley Granger, American actor (d. 2011)
 1926  Hans Werner Henze, German composer (d. 2012)
 1926  Robert Fogel, American economist (d. 2013)
 1927  Chandra Shekhar, Prime Minister of India (d. 2007)
 1929  Gerald Edelman, American biologist (d. 2014)
 1930  Carol Chomsky, American linguist (d. 2008)
 1930  Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada, former President of Bolivia
 1931  Leslie Caron, French actress and dancer
 1931  Seyni Kountché, President of Niger (d. 1987)
 1934  Jamie Farr, American actor
 1934  Sidney Pollack, American actor (d. 2008)
 1934  Claude Berri, French movie director and screenwriter (d. 2009)
 1934  Jean Marsh, English actress and writer
 1935  James Cotton, American singer (d. 2017)
 1935  David Prowse, English actor
 1937  Lydia Makhubu, Swazi chemist
 1939  Karen Black, American actress (d. 2013)
 1940  Craig Brown, Scottish footballer and manager
 1941  Rod Gilbert, Canadian ice hockey player
 1941  Alfred G. Gilman, Canadian-American pharmacologist
 1941  Myron Scholes, American economist
 1941  Twyla Tharp, American dancer, choreographer and writer
 1942  Geneviève Bujold, Canadian actress
 1942  Andraé Crouch, American singer-songwriter, producer and writer (d. 2015)
 1942  Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri, Iraqi politician
 1945  Debbie Harry, American singer (Blondie)
 1946  Mireya Moscoso, former President of Panama
 1946  Mick Aston, British archaeologist (d. 2013)
 1946  Erkki Tuomioja, Finnish politician
 1947  Kazuyoshi Hoshino, Japanese racing driver
 1950  Ben Roberts, British actor (d. 2021)

1951  1975 
 1951  Trevor Eve, British actor
 1952  Dan Aykroyd, Canadian actor and entertainer
 1953  Jadranka Kosor, former Prime Minister of Croatia
 1953  Lawrence Gonzi, former Prime Minister of Malta
 1955  Li Keqiang, Premier of the People's Republic of China
 1955  Keith Whitley, American country musician
 1960  Dave Thompson, English stand-up comedian
 1961  Carl Lewis, American athlete, 9 Olympic gold medals
 1961  Diana, Princess of Wales (d. 1997)
 1961  Michelle Wright, Canadian country music singer
 1962  Andre Braugher, American actor
 1964  Bernard Laporte, French rugby player and coach
 1966  Frank De Bleeckere, Belgian football referee
 1966  Enrico Annoni, Italian footballer
 1967  Pamela Anderson, Canadian-American actress, novelist, activist and model
 1967  Marisa Monte, Brazilian singer
 1971  Missy Elliott, American singer and rapper
 1971  Julianne Nicholson, American actress
 1972  Claire Forlani, British actress
 1974  Jefferson Pérez, Ecuadorean race walker, Olympic gold medallist

From 1976 
 1976  Ruud van Nistelrooy, Dutch footballer
 1976  Patrick Kluivert, Dutch footballer
 1976  Hannu Tihinen, Finnish footballer
 1976  Rigobert Song, Cameroonian footballer
 1976  Thomas Sadoski, American actor
 1976  Kellie Bright, English actress
 1977  Jarome Iginla, Canadian ice hockey player
 1977  Liv Tyler, American actress
 1977  Veronica Sanchez, Spanish actress
 1980  Patrick Aufiero, American ice hockey player
 1982  Hilarie Burton, American actress
 1982  Joachim Johansson, Swedish tennis player
 1983  Marit Larsen, Norwegian singer
 1984  Morgane Dubled, French model
 1984  Tanya Chisholm, American actress
 1986  Giovanni Moreno, Colombian footballer
 1986  Agnes Monica, Indonesian singer-songwriter and actress
 1989  Mitch Hewer, English actor
 1989  Hannah Murray, English actress
 1989  Daniel Ricciardo, Australian Formula One racing driver
 1989  Leah McFall, Northern Irish singer
 1989  Kent Bazemore, American basketball player
 1990  Natsuki Sato, Japanese singer (AKB48)
 1993  Raini Rodriguez, American actress and singer
 1994  Anri Okamoto, Japanese model and actress
 1996  Adelina Sotnikova, Russian gymnast
 1998  Hollie Steel, English singer

Deaths

Up to 1900 
 552  Totila, Ostrogoth King
 1109  Alfonso VI of Castile (b. 1040)
 1681  Oliver Plunkett, Irish archbishop and saint (b. 1629)
 1736  Ahmed III, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1673)
 1782  Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, Prime Minister of Great Britain (b. 1730)
 1784  Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, German composer (b. 1710)
 1824  Lachlan Macquarie, Scottish Governor of New South Wales (b. 1762)
 1839  Mahmud II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1785)
 1846  Pope Gregory XVI (b. 1765)
 1860  Charles Goodyear, American inventor (b. 1800)
 1863  John Fulton Reynolds, American Civil War general (b. 1820)
 1876  Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist and social revolutionary (b. 1814)
 1891  Mihail Kogalniceanu, Romanian politician (b. 1817)
 1896  Harriet Beecher Stowe, American writer (b. 1811)
 1898  Siegfried Marcus, German inventor (b. 1831)

1901  2000 
 1905  John Hay, 37th United States Secretary of State (b. 1838)
 1912  Harriet Quimby, American pilot (b. 1875)
 1925  Erik Satie, French composer (b. 1866)
 1927  Pedro Nel Ospina Vazquez, 35th President of Colombia (b. 1858)
 1944  Carl Mayer, Austrian screenwriter (b. 1894)
 1944  Tanya Savicheva, Russian writer (b. 1930)
 1948  Achille Varzi, Italian racing driver (b. 1904)
 1950  Eliel Saarinen, Finnish architect (b. 1873)
 1954  Thea von Harbou, German actress and writer (b. 1888)
 1962  B. C. Roy, Indian doctor and politician (b. 1882)
 1964  Pierre Monteux, French-American conductor (b. 1875)
 1964  Sigurd Islandsmoen, Norwegian poet (b. 1881)
 1965  Wally Hammond, English cricketer (b. 1903)
 1971  Learie Constantine, Trinidadian cricketer (b. 1901)
 1971  William Lawrence Bragg, American physicist (b. 1890)
 1974  Juan Domingo Perón, President of Argentina (b. 1895)
 1976  Anneliese Michel, German exorcism victim (b. 1952)
 1981  Rushton Moreve, American musician (b. 1948)
 1983  Buckminster Fuller, American architect (b. 1895)
 1987  Snakefinger, British musician (b. 1949)
 1991  Joachim Kroll, German serial killer (b. 1933)
 1991  Michael Landon, American actor (b. 1936)
 1992  Francisco Mendes, Guinea-Bissau politician (b. 1933)
 1996  William T. Cahill, American politician, 46th Governor of New Jersey (b. 1904)
 1996  Margaux Hemingway, granddaughter of Ernest Hemingway (b. 1954)
 1997  Robert Mitchum, American actor (b. 1917)
 1999  Edward Dmytryk, Canadian-American movie director (b. 1908)
 1999  Joshua Nkomo, Zimbabwean politician (b. 1919)
 2000  Walter Matthau, American actor (b. 1920)

From 2001 
 2001  Nikolay Basov, Russian physicist (b. 1922)
 2003  N!xau, Namibian actor (b. 1944)
 2003  Herbie Mann, American jazz flutist (b. 1930)
 2004  Marlon Brando, American actor (b. 1924)
 2005  Luther Vandross, American singer (b. 1951)
 2006  Ryutaro Hashimoto, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1937)
 2009  Alexis Argüello, Nicaraguan boxer and politician (b. 1952)
 2009  Karl Malden, American actor (b. 1912)
 2009  Molly Sugden, British actress (b. 1922)
 2012  Alan G. Poindexter, American astronaut (b. 1961)
 2013  Charles Foley, American game designer (Twister) (b. 1930)
 2013  Maureen Waaka, New Zealand model and politician (b. 1943)
 2013  Paul Jenkins, American actor (b. 1938)
 2014  Anatoly Kornukov, Russian general (b. 1942)
 2014  Stephen Gaskin, American counter-culture hippie figure (b. 1935)
 2014  Bob Jones, English police officer (b. 1955)
 2014  Umaru Dikko, Nigerian politician (b. 1936)
 2014  Walter Dean Myers, American author (b. 1937)
 2014  Jean Garon, Canadian politician (b. 1938)
 2014  Frederick I. Ordway III, American space scientist (b. 1927)
 2014  Graeme McMahon, Australian AFL executive (b. 1940)
 2015  Nicholas Winton, English humanitarian (b. 1909)
 2015  Val Doonican, Irish singer and television host (b. 1927)
 2016  Yves Bonnefoy, French poet (b. 1923)
 2016  Robin Hardy, English movie director (b. 1929)
 2017  Norman Dorsen, American activist (b. 1930)
 2017  Paul Hardin III, American academic administrator (b. 1931)
 2017  Ayan Sadakov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1961)
 2017  Richard Gilbert Scott, British architect (b. 1923)
 2018  Armando, Dutch artist and writer (b. 1929)
 2018  François Corbier, French songwriter and television presenter (b. 1944)
 2018  Bozhidar Dimitrov, Bulgarian historian (b. 1945)
 2018  Peter Firmin, British television producer (b. 1928)
 2018  Gillian Lynne, British dancer and choreographer (b. 1926)
 2018  Julian Tudor Hart, British physician and politician (b. 1927)

Holidays 
 Canada Day
 Memorial Day (Newfoundland and Labrador)
 Moving Day (Quebec)
 Keti Koti (Emancipation Day) (Suriname)
 Doctors' Day in India
 Republic Day in Ghana
 Independence Day in Somalia, Burundi and Rwanda
 Madeira Day

July 01