alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Body substance isolation

Body substance isolation is a practice of isolating all body substances (blood, urine, feces, tears, etc.) of individuals undergoing medical treatment, particularly emergency medical treatment of those who might be infected with illnesses such as HIV, or hepatitis so as to reduce as much as possible the chances of transmitting these illnesses.  BSI is similar in nature to universal precautions, but goes further in isolating workers from pathogens, including substances now known to carry HIV.

Place of body substance isolation practice in history
Practice of Universal precautions was introduced in 1985–88. In 1987, the practice of Universal precautions was adjusted by a set of rules known as body substance isolation. In 1996, both practices were replaced by the latest approach known as standard precautions (health care). Nowadays and in isolation, practice of body substance isolation has just historical significance.

Body substance isolation went further than universal precautions in isolating workers from pathogens, including substances now currently known to carry HIV. These pathogens fall into two broad categories, bloodborne (carried in the body fluids) and airborne. The practice of BSI was common in Pre-Hospital care and emergency medical services due to the often unknown nature of the patient and his/her disease or medical conditions. It was a part of the National Standards Curriculum for Prehospital Providers and Firefighters.Types of body substance isolation included:
 Hospital gowns
 Medical gloves
 Shoe covers
 Surgical mask or N95 Respirator
 Safety Glasses

It was postulated that BSI precautions should be practiced in environment where treaters were exposed to bodily fluids, such as:
 blood, semen, preseminal fluid, vaginal secretions, synovial fluid, amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, marrow, pericardial fluid, feces, nasal secretions, urine, vomitus, sputum, mucus, cervical mucus, phlegm, saliva, breastmilk, colostrum, and secretions and blood from the umbilical cord

Such infection control techniques that were recommended following the AIDS outbreak in the 1980s. Every patient was treated as if infected and therefore precautions were taken to minimize risk. Other conditions which called for minimizing risks with BSI:
 Diseases with air-borne transmission (e.g., tuberculosis)
 Diseases with droplet transmission (e.g., mumps, rubella, influenza, pertussis)
 Transmission by direct or indirect contact with dried skin (e.g., colonisation with MRSA) or contaminated surfaces
 Prion diseases (e.g., Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease)
or any combination of the above.

See also 
 Barrier nursing

Footnotes

Further reading 
 
 

Medical hygiene
Burnt-in timecode

Burnt-in timecode (often abbreviated to BITC by analogy to VITC) is a human-readable on-screen version of the timecode information for a piece of material superimposed on a video image. BITC is sometimes used in conjunction with "real" machine-readable timecode, but more often used in copies of original material on to a non-broadcast format such as VHS, so that the VHS copies can be traced back to their master tape and the original time codes easily located. 

Many professional VTRs can "burn" (overlay) the tape timecode onto one of their outputs. This output (which usually also displays the setup menu or on-screen display) is known as the super out or monitor out. The character switch or menu item turns this behaviour on or off. The character function is also used to display the timecode on the preview monitors in linear editing suites.

Videotapes that are recorded with timecode numbers overlaid on the video are referred to as window dubs, named after the "window" that displays the burnt-in timecode on-screen.

When editing was done using magnetic tapes that were subject to damage from excessive wear, it was common to use a window dub as a working copy for the majority of the editing process.  Editing decisions would be made using a window dub, and no specialized equipment was needed to write down an edit decision list which would then be replicated from the high-quality masters.

Timecode can also be superimposed on video using a dedicated overlay device, often called a "window dub inserter".  This inputs a video signal and its separate timecode audio signal, reads the timecode, superimposes the timecode display over the video, and outputs the combined display (usually via composite), all in real time.  Stand-alone timecode generator / readers often have the window dub function built-in.  

Some consumer cameras, in particular DV cameras, can "burn" (overlay) the tape timecode onto the composite output. This output typically is semi-transparent and may include other tape information. It is usually activated by turning on the 'display' info in one of the camera's sub-menus. While not as 'professional' as an overlay as created by a professional VCRs, it is a cheap alternative that is just as accurate.

Timecode is stored in the metadata areas of captured DV AVI files, and some software is able to "burn" (overlay) this into the video frames. For example, DVMP Pro is able to "burn" timecode or other items of DV metadata (such as date and time, iris, shutter speed, gain, white balance mode, etc.) into DV AVI files.

OCR techniques can be used to read BITC in situations where other forms of timecode are not available.

See also
Linear timecode
Vertical interval timecode
SMPTE time code
MIDI timecode
CTL timecode
AES-EBU embedded timecode
Rewritable consumer timecode

References 

Timecodes
Film and video technology
Bangor

Bangor or City of Bangor may refer to:

Places

Australia
 Bangor, New South Wales
 Bangor, Tasmania

Canada
 Bangor, Nova Scotia
 Bangor, Saskatchewan
 Bangor, Prince Edward Island

United Kingdom

Northern Ireland
 Bangor, County Down
Bangor railway station (Northern Ireland)
 Bangor (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency), Bangor's former constituency in the Parliament of Northern Ireland
 Bangor (Parliament of Ireland constituency), Bangor's former constituency in the Parliament of Ireland
 Bangor (civil parish)

Wales
 Bangor, Gwynedd
 Bangor railway station (Wales)
 Bangor-on-Dee ( or ), Wrexham
 Bangor Teifi, Ceredigion
 Capel Bangor, Ceredigion

United States
 Bangor, Alabama
 Bangor, California
 Bangor, Iowa
 Bangor, Maine
 Bangor Air National Guard Base
 Bangor International Airport
 Bangor, Michigan
 Bangor (Amtrak station)
 Bangor Township, Van Buren County, Michigan
 Bangor Township, Bay County, Michigan
 Bangor, New York
 Bangor, Pennsylvania
 Bangor Base, Washington
 Bangor, Wisconsin, a village
 Bangor (town), Wisconsin
 Bangor Township (disambiguation)

Elsewhere
 Bangor Erris, County Mayo, Ireland
 Bangor, Morbihan, Britanny, France

Arts, entertainment, and media
 Bangor Daily News, Bangor, Maine, US
 Bangor FM, County Down

Sports
 Bangor City F.C., a football club in Bangor, Gwynedd
 Bangor 1876 F.C., a football club in Bangor, Gwynedd
 Bangor F.C., a football club in Bangor, County Down
 Bangor RFC, rugby union team of Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales

Transportation
 Bangor and Aroostook Railroad, Maine, US
Bangor International Airport, Maine, US
Bangor railway station (Northern Ireland)
Bangor railway station (Wales)
Bangor station (Michigan), US
 , a Great Lakes shipwreck
 City of Bangor, a US airline with the ICAO code XBG; see Airline codes-C

Other uses
 Bangor Cathedral, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales
 Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales
 Bishop of Bangor, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales

See also
 Bagnor, a hamlet in England
 Banger (disambiguation)
 Bangor City Council, Gwynedd, Wales
 Bangor City Forest, Maine, US
 Bangor Mall, Maine, US
 Bangor Mountain, Gwynedd, Wales
 The Bangor Aye, an independent online news service for Gwynedd, Wales
 The Beatles in Bangor,  the 1967 attendance by the band The Beatles at a transcendental meditation seminar in Bangor, Wales
Braille embosser

A braille embosser is an impact printer that renders text as tactile braille cells. Using braille translation software, a document or digital text can be embossed with relative ease. This makes braille production efficient and cost-effective. Braille translation software may be free and open-sourced or paid.

Blind users tend to call other printers "ink printers," to distinguish them from their braille counterparts. This is often the case regardless of the type of printer being discussed (e.g., thermal printers being called "ink printers" even though they use no ink).

As with ink printers and presses, embossers range from those intended for consumers to those used by large publishers. The price of embossers increase with the volume of braille it produces .

Types 
The fastest industrial braille embosser is probably the $92,000 Belgian-made NV Interpoint 55, first produced in 1991, which uses a separate air compressor to drive the embossing head and can output up to 800 braille characters per second. Adoption was slow at first; in 2000 the National Federation of the Blind said there were only three of these in the US, one owned by the NFB itself and the other two by the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. As of 2008, there are more than 60 in use across the world.

Smaller desktop braille embossers are more common and can be found in libraries, universities, and specialist education centers, as well as being privately owned by blind individuals. It may be necessary to use an acoustic cabinet or hood to dampen the noise level.

Braille embossers usually need special braille paper which is thicker and more expensive than normal paper. Some high-end embossers are capable of printing on normal paper. Embossers can be either one-sided or two-sided. Two-sided embossing requires lining up the dots so they do not overlap (called "interpoint" because the points on the other side are placed in between the points on the first side). Two-sided embossing uses less paper and reduces the size of the output.

Once one copy of a document has been produced, printing further copies is often quicker by means of a device called a thermoform, which produces copies on soft plastic. However, the resulting braille is not as easily readable as braille that has been freshly embossed, in much the same way that a poor-quality photocopy is not as readable as the original. Hence large publishers do not generally use thermoforms.

Some embossers can produce "dotty Moon", i.e., Moon type shapes formed by dots.

See also 
 Braigo
 Mountbatten Brailler
 Book
 E-book
 Braille e-book
 Braille translator

References 

Embosser
Booch method

The Booch method is a method for object-oriented software development.  It is composed of an object modeling language, an iterative object-oriented development process, and a set of recommended practices.

The method was authored by Grady Booch when he was working for Rational Software (acquired by IBM), published in 1992 and revised in 1994.  It was widely used in software engineering for object-oriented analysis and design and benefited from ample documentation and support tools.

The notation aspect of the Booch methodology was superseded by the Unified Modeling Language (UML), which features graphical elements from the Booch method along with elements from the object-modeling technique (OMT) and object-oriented software engineering (OOSE).  Methodological aspects of the Booch method have been incorporated into several methodologies and processes, the primary such methodology being the Rational Unified Process (RUP).

Content of the method

The Booch notation is characterized by cloud shapes to represent classes and distinguishes the following diagrams:

 
The process is organized around a macro and a micro process.

The macro process identifies the following activities cycle: 
 Conceptualization : establish core requirements
 Analysis : develop a model of the desired behavior
 Design : create an architecture 
 Evolution: for the implementation
 Maintenance : for evolution after the delivery

The micro process is applied to new classes, structures or behaviors that emerge during the macro process.  It is made of the following cycle: 
 Identification of classes and objects
 Identification of their semantics 
 Identification of their relationships
 Specification of their interfaces and implementation

References

External links
Class diagrams, Object diagrams, State Event diagrams and Module diagrams.
 The Booch Method of Object-Oriented Analysis & Design

Software design
Object-oriented programming
Programming principles

de:Grady Booch#Booch-Notation
Burgundian

Burgundian can refer to any of the following:

Someone or something from Burgundy.
Burgundians, an East Germanic tribe, who first appear in history in South East Europe. Later Burgundians colonised the area of Gaul that is now known as Burgundy (French Bourgogne)
The Old Burgundian language (Germanic), an East Germanic language spoken by the Burgundians
The Modern Burgundian language (Oïl), an Oïl language also known as  spoken in the region of Burgundy, France. 
 Frainc-Comtou dialect, sometimes regarded as part of the Burgundian group of languages
Burgundian (party), a political faction in early 15th century during the Hundred Years' War

See also
 Burgundian War (disambiguation)

Language and nationality disambiguation pages
Blot

Blot may refer to:

Surname 
Guillaume Blot (born 1985), French racing cyclist
Harold W. Blot (born 1938), served as United States Deputy Chief of Staff for Aviation
Jean-François Joseph Blot (1781–1857), French soldier and politician
Yvan Blot (1948–2018), French conservative political figure, founder and president of the Club de l'Horloge
Jean Blot (1923–2019), French writer, translator, and senior civil servant of Russian origin
 (born 1983), French judoka

Other 
Blot (biology), method of transferring proteins, DNA, RNA or a protein onto a carrier
Blót, a sacrifice to the gods or other beings in Germanic paganism and modern Germanic paganism
Blot (album), a 2003 album by Einherjer, referring to the Germanic practice
The Blot, a 1921 silent film
Another name of a trick-taking card game Belot
Blot (Transformers), a character from the Transformers franchise
Ink blots, as used in the Rorschach test
 Blot (1994 film), a 1994 film

See also
 "Hefja Blot", a song by Danheim for his album Friðr
 "Blotjarl", a song by Danheim and Heldom for his album Skapanir
 "Vetrnátta Blot", a song by Danheim and Heldom for his album Skapanir
Phantom Blot, a character made by the Walt Disney Company
Saint-Rémy-de-Blot, commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France
The Blot on the Shield, 1915 short film directed by B. Reeves Eason
Blott (disambiguation)
Bill Holbrook

Bill Holbrook (born 1958) is an American cartoonist and webcomic writer and artist, best known for his syndicated comic strip On the Fastrack.

Born in Los Angeles, Holbrook grew up in Huntsville, Alabama, and began drawing at an early age. While majoring in illustration and visual design at Auburn University, Holbrook served as art director of the student newspaper, doing editorial cartoons and a weekly comic strip. At the same time, his work was being published in the Huntsville Times and the Monroe Journal. After graduation in 1980, he joined the Atlanta Constitution as an editorial staff artist.

During a 1982 visit to relatives on the West Coast, Holbrook met Peanuts creator, Charles Schulz. Following his advice and encouragement, Holbrook created a strip in the fall of that year about a college graduate working in a rundown diner. It did not stir syndicate interest, but what he learned on the strip helped him when he created On the Fastrack.

Eleven days before On the Fastrack made its syndicated debut (March 19, 1984), Holbrook met Teri Peitso on a blind date. They were married on Pearl Harbor Day, 1985. They have two daughters, Chandler and Haviland. Peitso-Holbrook's novels have been nominated for both Edgar Awards and Agatha Awards. She is currently an assistant professor in literacy education at Georgia State University. The family lives in the Atlanta area.

On October 3, 1988, Holbrook began his second strip, Safe Havens, and his third strip, Kevin and Kell was launched in September 1995.

Comic strips
Every week Holbrook writes the story line for the next three weeks for one of his strips and draws the next three weeks' worth of strips for another. In 2010, characters from On the Fastrack and Safe Havens began appearing in both strips.
 On the Fastrack - About the misadventures at Fastrack, Inc., On the Fastrack has been distributed by King Features Syndicate since 1984. It now appears in 75 newspapers nationwide.
 Safe Havens - Initially about a day care center, this strip evolved into the adventures of Samantha Argus and her friends and is now syndicated nationally to over 50 newspapers.
 Kevin and Kell - Originally an online-only strip but was also published in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution for some years, Kevin and Kell centers on the mixed marriage between a rabbit, Kevin and a grey wolf, Kell Dewclaw. The plot revolves around species-related humor, satire, and interpersonal conflict.
 Duel In The Somme  - Holbrook illustrated a story by Ben Bova and Rob Balder in this strip about a romantic rivalry between a computer-simulation designer and his boss.

References

External links
 
 

1958 births
American comic strip cartoonists
American webcomic creators
Artists from Los Angeles
Artists from Alabama
Auburn University alumni
Living people
Writers from Huntsville, Alabama
Baron Aberdare

Baron Aberdare, of Duffryn in the County of Glamorgan, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 23 August 1873 for the Liberal politician Henry Bruce. He served as Home Secretary from 1868 to 1873. His grandson, the third Baron, was a soldier, cricketer and tennis player and a member of the International Olympic Committee. His son, the fourth Baron, held office in the Conservative administration of Edward Heath and was later a Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords. Lord Aberdare was one of the ninety-two elected hereditary peers that were allowed to remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999.  the title is held by his son, the fifth Baron, who succeeded in 2005 and was elected to the House of Lords in 2009.

Coat of arms
The heraldic blazon for the coat of arms of the family is: Or, a saltire gules, on a chief of the last a martlet of the field.

Baron Aberdare (1873)
Henry Austin Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare (1815–1895)
Henry Campbell Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare (1851–1929)
Clarence Napier Bruce, 3rd Baron Aberdare (1885–1957)
Morys George Lyndhurst Bruce, 4th Baron Aberdare (1919–2005)
Alastair John Lyndhurst Bruce, 5th Baron Aberdare (born 1947)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son, Hector Morys Napier Bruce (born 1974).

Male-line family tree

References

Bibliography

Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1873
Noble titles created for UK MPs
Barons Aberdare
Balboa

Balboa may refer to:

Boats
 Balboa 16, an American sailboat design
 Balboa 20, an American sailboat design
 Balboa 21, an American sailboat design
 Balboa 22, an American sailboat design
 Balboa 23, an American sailboat design
 Balboa 24, an American sailboat design

Places 
 Balboa, Cauca, a town and municipality in Colombia
 Balboa, León, a Spanish village and municipality
 Balboa, Panama, a port city in Panama
 Balboa District of Panamá Province in Panama
 Balboa, Risaralda, a town and municipality in Colombia
 Balboa (Los Angeles Metro station), on the Los Angeles Metro Orange Line
 Balboa (lunar crater), located near the western limb of the Moon
 Balboa High School (California), an American public high school of San Francisco, California
 Balboa Island, Newport Beach, California, a harborside community in Newport Beach
 Balboa Park (disambiguation), any of several
 Balboa Peninsula, Newport Beach, California, a neighborhood of the city of Newport Beach
 Naval Medical Center San Diego, a US Navy medical treatment facility informally known as "Balboa Hospital"

People 
 Vasco Núñez de Balboa ( 1475 – 1519), a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador
 Javier Balboa (born 1985), football midfielder
 Marcelo Balboa (born 1967), American former soccer defender
 Álex Balboa (born 2001), football midfielder

Entertainment 
 Balboa (dance), a close embrace style of swing dancing
 Balboa (band), a hardcore band from Philadelphia
 Balboa County, a fictional county setting for the Veronica Mars television series
 Rocky Balboa, protagonist of the Rocky film series
 Balboa, the merged tribe name in Survivor: Pearl Islands
 Balboa, a probe featured in Alien Planet

Other uses 
 Balboa (bug), a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs
 Balboa Line, a former train route in California, U.S.
 Panamanian balboa, the official currency of Panama

See also
 Rocky Balboa (disambiguation)
Backpacking

Backpacking may refer to:

 Backpacking (travel), low-cost, independent, international travel
 Backpacking (hiking), trekking and camping overnight in the wilderness
 Ultralight backpacking, a style of wilderness backpacking with an emphasis on carrying as little as possible

See also

Hiking
Backpacking with animals, using pack animals to carry gear while hiking or camping
Backpacker (disambiguation)
Backpack (disambiguation)
Tramping (disambiguation), also called backpacking
Bastard Operator From Hell

The Bastard Operator From Hell (BOFH) is  a fictional rogue computer operator created by Simon Travaglia, who takes out his anger on users (who are "lusers" to him) and others who pester him with their computer problems, uses his expertise against his enemies and manipulates his employer.

Several people have written stories about BOFHs, but only those by Simon Travaglia are considered canonical. 
The BOFH stories were originally posted in 1992 to Usenet by Travaglia, with some being reprinted in Datamation. Since 2000 they have been published regularly in The Register (UK). Several collections of the stories have been published as books.

By extension, the term is also used to refer to any system administrator who displays the qualities of the original.

The early accounts of the BOFH took place in a university; later the scenes were set in an office workplace. In 2000 (BOFH 2k), the BOFH and his pimply-faced youth (PFY) assistant moved to a new company.

Other characters 
 The PFY (Pimply-Faced Youth, the assistant to the BOFH. Real name is Stephen) Possesses a temperament similar to the BOFH, and often either teams up with or plots against him.
 The Boss (often portrayed as having no IT knowledge but believing otherwise; identity changes as successive bosses are sacked, leave, are committed, or have nasty "accidents")
 CEO of the company – The PFY's uncle Brian from 1996 until 2000, when the BOFH and PFY moved to a new company.
 The help desk operators, referred to as the "Helldesk" and often scolded for giving out the BOFH's personal number.
 The Boss's secretary, Sharon.
 The security department
 George, the cleaner (an invaluable source of information to the BOFH and PFY)

Books

Games 

BOFH is a text adventure game written by Howard A. Sherman and published in 2002. It is available via Malinche.

References in other media 

The protagonist in Charles Stross's The Laundry Files series of novels named himself Bob Oliver Francis Howard in reference to the BOFH. As Bob Howard is a self-chosen pseudonym, and Bob is a network manager when not working as a computational demonologist, the name is all too appropriate. In the novella Pimpf, he acquires a pimply-faced young assistant by the name of Peter-Fred Young.

Authorship

Simon Travaglia (born 1964) graduated from the University of Waikato, New Zealand in 1985. He worked as the IT infrastructure manager (2004–2008) and computer operator (1985–1992) at the University of Waikato  and the infrastructure manager at the Waikato Innovation Park, Hamilton, New Zealand (since 2008). Since 1999 he is a freelance writer for The Register. He lives in Hautapu, New Zealand.

References

Further reading

External links 
 
 
 

Computer humor
Internet culture
Internet slang
System administration
Fictional characters introduced in 1992
Fictional people in information technology
BBS

BBS may refer to:

Ammunition
 BBs, BB gun metal bullets
 BBs, airsoft gun plastic pellets

Computing and gaming
 Bulletin board system, a computer server users dial into via dial-up or telnet; precursor to the Internet
 BIOS Boot Specification, a firmware specification for the boot process
 Blum Blum Shub, a pseudorandom number generator
 Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep, a Disney-based video game for the PlayStation Portable

Organisations

United Kingdom
 Birmingham Business School (University of Birmingham), a faculty
 British Blind Sport, a parasports charity
 British Boy Scouts, a national youth association
 British Bryological Society, a botanists' learned society

United States
 BBS Productions, a film company of early 1970s New Hollywood
 Badger Boys State, a youth camp held in Wisconsin

Elsewhere
 BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik, a German wheel manufacturer
 Bahrain Bayan School
 Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
 Baton Broadcast System, Canada
 Bhutan Broadcasting Service, Bhutan
 Bodu Bala Sena, Sri Lanka
 Bologna Business School, Italy
 Budapest Business School, Hungary

Science
 Bardet–Biedl syndrome, a genetic disorder
 Behavioral and Brain Sciences, a peer-reviewed journal
 Behavior-based safety, the risk reduction subfield of behavioural engineering
 Berg Balance Scale, a medical function test
 Bogart–Bacall syndrome, a vocal misuse disorder
 Borate buffered saline, in biochemistry
 Breeding bird survey, to monitor avian populations

Titles
 Bachelor of Business Studies, an academic degree
 Bronze Bauhinia Star, in the Hong Kong honors system

Train stations
 Bhubaneswar railway station, Odisha, India (by Indian Railways code)
 Bras Basah MRT station, Singapore (by MRT abbreviation)
Bell curve (disambiguation)

The bell curve is typical of the normal distribution.

Bell curve may also refer to:

 Gaussian function, a specific kind of function whose graph is a bell-shaped curve
 The Bell Curve, a 1994 book by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray
 Bell curve grading, a method of evaluating scholastic performance
Banda

Banda may refer to:

People
Banda (surname)
Banda Prakash (born 1954), Indian politician
Banda Kanakalingeshwara Rao (1907–1968), Indian actor
Banda Karthika Reddy (born 1977), Indian politician
Banda Singh Bahadur (1670–1716), Sikh warrior

Places

Argentina 
 Banda Department, a part of Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina

Canada 
Banda, Ontario, a settlement in Ontario

Ghana 
 Banda Ahenkro, a town in Banda District
 Banda District, Ghana, a district in the Bono Region
 Banda (Ghana parliament constituency), a constituency in the Bono Region

India 
Banda, East Godavari district, a village in Andhra Pradesh, India
Banda, Maharashtra, a small town in Maharashtra
Banda, Uttar Pradesh, a city and district headquarters of Banda District, Uttar Pradesh
Banda District, India, a district in Uttar Pradesh
Banda (Lok Sabha constituency), Uttar Pradesh
Banda (Assembly constituency), a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
Banda (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Madhya Pradesh

Indonesia 
Banda Islands, a group of ten small volcanic islands in the Banda Sea
Banda Sea, the sea of the South Moluccas, a part of the Pacific Ocean

Uganda 
Banda, Uganda, a hill and the neighbourhood on that hill, located in Nakawa Division, within the city of Kampala

Music
"A Banda (Ah Bahn-da)", a composition by Chico Buarque 
Banda music, a form of Mexican music
Banda (opera), a musical ensemble which is used in addition to the main opera orchestra and plays the music which is actually heard by the characters in the opera

Other uses
Banda people, an ethnic group of the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, and Sudan
Banda languages, a family of Ubangian languages of Central Africa
Banda language (Maluku), an Austronesian language of the Kei Islands, Indonesia
Banda machine, a brand of spirit duplicator - a type of low-volume document copying machine
Banda (state), a former princely state in India
Banda, a large smoked fish in Chad
Banda, a caste of adivasis in Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand
Banda Deul, an 11th-century temple in Purulia district, West Bengal, India

See also
 Bandar (disambiguation)
 Bande (disambiguation)
 Bandha (disambiguation)
 La Banda (disambiguation)
Bladder (disambiguation)

The bladder (or urinary bladder) is an organ that collects urine for excretion in animals.

Bladder may also refer to:

Biology
 Artificial urinary bladder, in humans
 Gallbladder, which stores bile for digestion
 Pig bladder, urinary bladder of a domestic pig, with many human uses
 Swim bladder, in bony fishes, an internal organ that helps to control buoyancy (homologous to lungs)
 Urinary bladder (Chinese medicine)

Technology
 Air bladder effect, a special effect used in filmmaking
 Fuel bladder, which stores fuels or other industrial liquids
 Hydration system, sometimes known as a bladder
 Pneumatic bladder, an old technology with many industrial applications
 Waterskin, a traditional container for transporting water

Geography
 Bladder Lake, a lake in Minnesota

See also
Bob Young (businessman)

Robert Young (born 1953/1954) is a serial entrepreneur who is best known for founding Red Hat Inc., the open source software company. He owns the franchises for Forge FC of the Canadian Premier League as well as the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League for which he serves as self-styled Caretaker of the team.

Early life
He was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He attended Trinity College School in Port Hope, Ontario. He received a Bachelor of Arts from Victoria College at the University of Toronto.

Career

Prior to Red Hat, Young built a couple of computer rental and leasing businesses, including founding Vernon Computer Rentals in 1984. Descendants of Vernon are still operating under that name. After leaving Vernon, Young founded the ACC Corp Inc. in 1993.

Marc Ewing and Young co-founded open-source software company Red Hat. Red Hat was a member of the S&P 500 Index before being purchased by IBM on July 9, 2019. Marc Ewing and Young's partnership started in 1994 when ACC acquired the Red Hat trademarks from Ewing. In early 1995, ACC changed its name to Red Hat Software, which has subsequently been shortened to simply Red Hat, Inc. Young served as Red Hat's CEO until 1999.

In 2002, Young founded Lulu.com, a print-on-demand, self-publishing company, and served as CEO. In 2006, Young established the Lulu Blooker Prize, a book prize for books that began as blogs. He launched the prize partly as a means to promote Lulu.

Young served as CEO of PrecisionHawk, a commercial drone technology company, from 2015 to 2017. Prior to being named PrecisionHawk's CEO in 2015, he was an early investor in the company. He continues to serve on its board as chairman.

Young also co-founded Linux Journal in 1994, and in 2003, he purchased the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League. In 2022, he sold minority stakes in the Tiger-Cats to Jim Lawson, team President Scott Mitchell, and American steel manufacturer Stelco.

Young focuses his philanthropic efforts on access to information and advancement of knowledge.  In 1999, he co-founded The Center for the Public Domain. Young has supported the Creative Commons, Public Knowledge.org, the Dictionary of Old English, Loran Scholarship Foundation, ibiblio.org,  and the NCSU eGames, among others.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Open source people
Red Hat people
University of Toronto alumni
Businesspeople from Hamilton, Ontario
Hamilton Tiger-Cats owners
Forge FC non-playing staff
Canadian soccer chairmen and investors
Balfour Declaration of 1926

The Balfour Declaration of 1926, issued by the 1926 Imperial Conference of British Empire leaders in London, was named after Arthur Balfour, who was Lord President of the Council. It declared the United Kingdom and the Dominions to be:

The Inter-Imperial Relations Committee, chaired by Balfour, drew up the document preparatory to its unanimous approval by the imperial prime ministers on 15 November 1926. It was first proposed by South African Prime Minister J. B. M. Hertzog and Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King.

The declaration accepted the growing political and diplomatic independence of the Dominions in the years after World War I. It also recommended that the governors-general, the representatives of the King in each dominion, should no longer also serve automatically as the representative of the British government in diplomatic relations between the countries. In following years, high commissioners were gradually appointed, whose duties were soon recognised to be virtually identical to those of an ambassador. The first such British high commissioner was appointed to Canada in 1928.

The conclusions of the Imperial Conference of 1926 were re-stated by the 1930 conference and incorporated in the Statute of Westminster of December 1931. In the statute, the British Parliament provided that it would not enact a law which applied to a Dominion as part of the law of that Dominion, unless the law expressly stated that the Dominion government had requested and consented to the enactment of that law.

References

Further reading

External links
Transcript of the Declaration

British Empire
History of the Commonwealth of Nations
Commonwealth realms
Monarchy in the Irish Free State
Legal history of Canada
1926 in London
1926 in international relations
Proclamations
1926 in the British Empire
1926 documents
November 1926 events
Arthur Balfour
Badtrans

BadTrans is a malicious Microsoft Windows computer worm distributed by e-mail. Because of a known vulnerability in older versions of Internet Explorer, some email programs, such as Microsoft's Outlook Express and Microsoft Outlook programs, may install and execute the worm as soon as the e-mail message is viewed.

Once executed, the worm replicates by sending copies of itself to other e-mail addresses found on the host's machine, and installs a keystroke logger, which then captures everything typed on the affected computer.  Badtrans then transmits the data to one of several e-mail addresses. 

Among the e-mail addresses that received the keyloggers were free addresses at Excite, Yahoo, and IJustGotFired.com.

The target address at IJustGotFired began receiving emails at 3:23pm on November 24, 2001.  Once the account exceeded its quotas, it was automatically disabled, but the messages were still saved as they arrived.  The address received over 100,000 keylogs in the first day alone.

In mid-December, the FBI contacted Rudy Rucker, Jr., owner of MonkeyBrains, and requested a copy of the keylogged data. All of that data was stolen from the victims of the worm; it includes no information about the creator of Badtrans.
Instead of complying with the FBI request, MonkeyBrains published a database website, https://web.archive.org/web/20070621140432/https://badtrans.monkeybrains.net/ for the public to determine if a given address has been compromised.  The database does not reveal the actual passwords or keylogged data.

References

Email worms
Bolventor

Bolventor () is a hamlet on Bodmin Moor in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated in Altarnun civil parish between Launceston and Bodmin.

Toponymy
The hamlet has been said to take its name from the "Bold Venture" that it must have appeared to build a farm in this moorland, but this is probably folk etymology, as "Bol-" is a common prefix in Cornish placenames. It is much more likely that the name derives from the 'Bold Adventure' tin-working area which was in operation near Jamaica Inn during the 1840s-1850s

Jamaica Inn
Bolventor is the location of the famous Jamaica Inn coaching inn. It is bypassed by a dual carriageway section of the A30 trunk road; before the bypass was built the hamlet straddled the A30 road.

Daphne du Maurier, a former resident, chose Bolventor as the setting for her novel about Cornish smugglers titled Jamaica Inn.  The inn that inspired the novel, Jamaica Inn, has stood beside the main road through the village since 1547. It is now a tourist attraction in its own right and dominates the hamlet. The Jamaica Inn was the subject of a paranormal investigation during a 2004 episode of reality television programme Most Haunted.

Church

The former Holy Trinity Church that lies to the east of the hamlet closed some years ago. A mile from Bolventor there was a chapel of St Luke (from the 13th to the early 16th century): the font is now at the church of Tideford. Bolventor parish was established in 1846 (before that date the village was in St Neot parish; the new parish was made up of parts of St Neot, Altarnun and Cardinham parishes) but has now been merged with Altarnun.

1945 Air Disaster
On 14 September 1945 a Royal Air Force Handley Page Halifax Mk VII (PN305) was operating a flight from RAF Tarrant Rushton, Dorset to Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal. During the flight an electrical failure occurred causing a dingy inside the wing to inflate dislodge from stowage. The dingy wrapped around the tail assembly and the aircraft went into a nose dive, crashing into the Priddacombe area of Bolventor. All 21 onboard, seven crew and fourteen passengers died in the crash.

References 

Hamlets in Cornwall
Bodmin Moor
Aviation accidents and incidents locations in England
1945 disasters in the United Kingdom
September 1945 events in the United Kingdom
Altarnun
Balmoral

Balmoral may refer to:

Places

Australia 
 Balmoral, New South Wales, a locality of Sydney
 Balmoral, New South Wales (Lake Macquarie)
 Balmoral, New South Wales (Southern Highlands)
 Balmoral, Queensland
 Balmoral Ridge, Queensland
 Balmoral, Victoria

Belgium 
 Balmoral, a hamlet near the town of Spa, Belgium

Canada 
 Balmoral, British Columbia
 Balmoral, New Brunswick
 Balmoral Parish, New Brunswick
 Balmoral Mills, Nova Scotia
 Balmoral, Ontario, a community in Haldimand County
 Balmoral Grist Mill Museum, Balmoral Mills, Nova Scotia
 Balmoral, Manitoba

New Zealand 
 Balmoral, New Zealand, a suburb of Auckland

Northern Ireland 
 Balmoral (District Electoral Area), an area in south Belfast
 Balmoral railway station, Belfast
 Balmoral Golf Club, Belfast
 The Balmoral Show, an agricultural show that takes place annually near Belfast
 Balmoral Park, Lisburn, the new location of the Balmoral Show

Scotland 
 Balmoral, a suburb of Galashiels
 Balmoral Castle, a residence of King Charles III in Aberdeenshire, Scotland
The Balmoral Hotel in Edinburgh

South Africa 
 Balmoral, Mpumalanga, a village and colliery near Witbank

United States 
 Balmoral, Louisiana
 Balmoral, Maryland
 Balmoral, Tennessee
 Balmoral, Wisconsin
 Balmoral Park, Illinois, horse racing track in Crete, Illinois
 Lakewood Balmoral Historic District, Chicago, Illinois

Clothing 
 Balmoral bonnet, an unbrimmed cap common in Highland dress
 Balmoral (shoe), a type of men's dress shoe
 Balmoral tartan pattern worn by the British Royal Family

Education 
 Balmoral Hall School, Winnipeg, Canada
 Balmoral High School (Belfast, Northern Ireland)
 Balmoral Jr Secondary School, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Balmoral School, Auckland, New Zealand
 Balmoral State High School, Queensland, Australia

Food 
 Balmoral Chicken

Ships 
 , a passenger ship used for pleasure cruises in the UK
 , a cruise ship owned and operated by Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines

Theater 
 Balmoral (play), a 1987 play by Michael Frayn

See also 
 Balmoral Reef Plate, small tectonic plate in the Pacific Ocean north of Fiji
 Battle of Coral–Balmoral, a series of actions in May and June 1968 during the Vietnam War
Bannock

Bannock may mean:

 Bannock (food), a kind of bread, cooked on a stone or griddle
 Bannock (Indigenous American), various types of bread, usually prepared by pan-frying
 Bannock people, a Native American people of what is now southeastern Oregon and western Idaho
 Bannock County, Idaho
 Bannock, Ohio
 Bannock Pass, between Idaho and Montana
 Russell Bannock (1919–2020), Canadian World War II flying ace and test pilot

See also 
Bannack, Montana, town named after the tribe, today a ghost town
Bruin

Bruin, (from Dutch for "brown"), is an English folk term for brown bear.

Bruin, Bruins or BRUIN may also refer to:

Places
 Lake Bruin, ox-bow lake of the Mississippi River located in northeastern Louisiana
 Lake Bruin State Park
 Bruin, Kentucky, United States
 Bruin, Pennsylvania, United States
 Bruin's Slave Jail, building in Alexandria, Virginia

Sports team nicknames and mascots
 Ayr Bruins, a defunct Scottish ice hockey team
 Bellevue University, Bellevue, Nebraska
 Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee
 Bob Jones University, Greenville, South Carolina
 Boston Bruins, an American NHL hockey team
 UCLA Bruins, a collegiate sports team located in Los Angeles, California
 Chilliwack Bruins, a former Canadian major junior ice hockey team in Chilliwack, British Columbia
 George Fox University, Newberg, Oregon
 Kellogg Community College, Battle Creek, Michigan
 New Westminster Bruins, a former Canadian major junior ice hockey team in New Westminster, British Columbia
 Piedmont International University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
 Providence Bruins, an American AHL hockey team in Providence, Rhode Island
 Salt Lake Community College, Salt Lake County, Utah

Other uses
 Bruin (surname)
 Oud bruin, Belgian beer
 Heineken Oud Bruin, Dutch beer
 Yamaha Bruin 350, utility all-terrain vehicle
 Brown University Interactive Language, a programming language
 Rasmus Klump, a comic strip published as Bruin
 Bruin, a brown bear in the Reynard cycle fables

See also
 List of Bruin mascots
 Ursidae
Black cow

Black cow  or Black Cow can refer to:

 A root beer float
Black Cow Vodka, a brand of vodka made from whey, a byproduct of cheesemaking
 "Black Cow", a song on Steely Dan's 1977 album Aja

See also
 Black Bull (disambiguation)
Bloody Mary

Bloody Mary originally referred to:
 Mary I of England (1516–1558), Queen of England and Ireland, so called because of her persecution of Protestants

Bloody Mary may also refer to:

Film 
 Urban Legends: Bloody Mary, a 2005 horror film
 Bloody Mary (2006 film), a 2006 horror film
 Bloody Mary (2022 film), a 2022 crime drama film
 Dead Mary or Bloody Mary, a 2007 horror film

Literature 
 Bloody Mary (DC Comics), a fictional extraterrestrial vampire
 Bloody Mary (Helix), a comic book
 Bloody Mary (Marvel Comics), a fictional telekinetic supervillain
 Bloody Mary (South Pacific), a character in Tales of the South Pacific by James Michener

Music 
 "Bloody Mary" (song), a 2011 song by Lady Gaga
 "Bloody Mary (Nerve Endings)", a 2012 song by Silversun Pickups
 "Bloody Mary", a song from the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical South Pacific
 "Bloody Mary", a 2008 song by the Alice Rose
 "Bloody Mary (A note on Apathy)", a 2000 song by Five for Fighting from America Town
 "Un Blodymary", a 2006 song by Las Ketchup, and the Spanish entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2006

Television 
 "Bloody Mary" (South Park), an episode of the television series South Park
 "Bloody Mary" (Supernatural), an episode of the television series Supernatural
 The Bloody Mary Show, a British comedy horror web series
 "Scary Mary", a 2011  two part episode of R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour

Other uses 
 Bloody Mary (rapper), rapper that was a member of the group Bloods & Crips
 Bloody Mary (cocktail), a cocktail made with tomato juice, vodka, and typically spices
 Bloody Mary (folklore), a ghost said to appear in mirrors when a person repeats her name
 Bloody Mary, a boss in the 1995 action role-playing game Terranigma
 Typhoon Mary (1960), a deadly typhoon nicknamed "Bloody Mary" by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center

See also

 Agent 077: Mission Bloody Mary, a 1965 adventure film
 The Legend of Bloody Mary, a 2008 horror film
 Mary, Mary, Bloody Mary, a 1974 horror film
 Mary, Bloody Mary, a 1999 YA novel
 "Un Blodymary", a 2006 song by Las Ketchup
 
 Bloody (disambiguation)
 Mary (disambiguation)
Black Russian

The Black Russian is a cocktail of vodka and kahlua. It contains 50 ml vodka and 20 ml coffee liqueur, per IBA specified ingredients.

The drink is made by pouring the vodka and coffee liqueur over ice cubes or cracked ice in an old-fashioned glass and stirring. The Black Russian is often garnished with a lemon slice and a Luxardo maraschino cherry on a stick.

History 
The Black Russian cocktail first appeared in 1949 and is ascribed to Gustave Tops, a Belgian barman, who created it at the Hotel Metropole in Brussels in honor of Perle Mesta, then United States Ambassador to Luxembourg. The cocktail owes its name to the use of vodka, a typical Russian spirit, and the blackness of the coffee liqueur.

Variations
 Dirty Black Russian, tall Black Russian, Australian Black Russian or Colorado bulldog: served in a highball glass and topped up with cola.
 Black magic: served with a dash of lemon juice and a lemon twist to garnish.
 Irish Russian or smooth Black Russian: served with a head of Guinness.
 Brown Russian: served in a highball glass and topped with ginger ale.
 Belarusian or white Russian: served with milk or cream.
 Mudslide: served with Irish cream, either fresh cream or ice cream, with or without chocolate sauce rim.
 Mind eraser: topped up with sparkling water.
 Paralyzer: Made with cola and milk in addition to vodka and coffee liqueur.

See also
 List of cocktails

References

Cocktails with vodka
Cocktails with coffee liqueur
Coffee culture
Coffee drinks
Alcoholic coffee drinks
Two-ingredient cocktails
BRP

BRP can mean:
 Basic Role-Playing game system
 Biometric Residence permit, a type of card in lieu of visa which allows a non-British citizen to work & reside in the UK.
 Blue Ridge Parkway
 Bombardier Recreational Products, Canadian company
 Brief reactive psychosis
 British Racing Partnership, former British motor racing team
 Bathroom privileges
 Bronx River Parkway in New York
 Brotherhood of Russian Truth (Bratstvo Russkoy Pravdy), former Russian emigrant organization
 Barko/Bapor ng Republika ng Pilipinas (ship/steamship of the Republic of the Philippines), Philippine Coast Guard, Philippine Navy, and other government-owned ship name prefix
 "B.R.P.", song by Victor Jara on album El derecho de vivir en paz
 Brioche-purl stitch, in brioche knitting
 Birpara, a town in West Bengal, India
Blackridge, Pennsylvania

Blackridge is a community in eastern Allegheny County and is a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. This community consists of approximately 650 private homes built from 1920 to 1949. Blackridge Estates was and remains one of the area's largest residential communities.

Blackridge lies in the municipalities of Wilkinsburg, Penn Hills and Churchill. It maintains a Civic Association and a private park and swim club for residents.

Blackridge is defined as the territory bounded on the West by Graham Boulevard, on the South by William Penn Highway, on the East by Beulah Road and the Churchill Country Club property, from the Churchill Country Club property along Orlando Place to Atkinson Place, Atkinson Place to Pine Way, and Pine Way to Graham Boulevard, and includes the properties fronting on both sides of said portions of Country Club Drive, Orlando Place, Atkinson Place and Pine Way.

The Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmark "1939 House" (Good Housekeeping house) is located in Blackridge at 2363 Sebring Place in the Wilkinsburg section of the neighborhood.

References

External links
Blackridge Civic Association
Blackridge Garden Club
Blackridge Swim Club

Unincorporated communities in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania