alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Attica

Attica is one of 51 prefectures of Greece. Attica contains Athens, the capital of Greece. In ancient period was the area of ancient Athenian state. Attica today is the prefecture with the largest number of people in Greece being the area where Athens, the capital of Greece, is. There are about 3,500,000 people.

Geography
Attica is in the south of Greece. It is a peninsula between Peloponnese and Euboea. Its the southest point is the cape Sounion. Attica has five mountains with an elevation over 1000 meters, Parnitha (the highest of all), Penteli, Hymettus, Pateras mountain and Kithairon. Attica has borders with Boeotia prefecture  to the north and Corinthia prefecture to the west. Attica is surrounded by the sea of Saronic gulf to the west and South Euboean golf to the east. These seas are a part of Aegean sea.
Kastoria

Kastoria is a Greek city, and it is one of 51 prefectures of Greece in the region of Macedonia. Kastoria it is built on the bank of Lake Orestiada. There are 17,038 people living in the city. Kastoria has an old neighbourhood which is picturesque, and it is named Doltso. It has nice old houses with particular local architecture.

The name Kastoria means "place of the beavers" which used to live in the lake. These have all been hunted and killed for their fur.

References

Cities in Greece
Kozani

Kozani is a city in northern Greece. It is the capital of Kozani Prefecture and of the region of Macedonia. The population of the city is 38,591, according to 2001 census. In district of Kozani products the main amount of electrical energy of Greece. 

Cities in Greece
Magnesia

Magnesia is one of 51 prefectures of Greece. The capital of Magnesia is the Volos.

Prefectures of Greece
Messenia

Messinia is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.  The capital of Messinia is the Kalamata.

Prefectures of Greece
Chalkidiki

Chalkidiki, also known as Halkidiki or Chalcidice, is one of 51 prefectures of Greece in the region of Macedonia. It is the area of the ending of Central Macedonia which accesses deeply in the Aegean Sea forming three small peninsulas. The capital of Chalcidice is the Polygyros.

Official links
Official website

Prefectures of Greece
Euboea

Euboea is an island of Greece. It is also one of the 51 prefectures of Greece. Euboea is the second largest island of Greece. Its total area is 3,655 km2. It is to the east of Boeotia and Attica prefectures. The island is surrounded by the Aegean Sea. The capital of Euboea and the biggest city on the island is Chalkida.

Prefectures of Greece
Islands of Greece
Grevena

Grevena is a Greek city and it is one of 51 prefectures of Greece. Grevena is a small city which is in the west of Macedonia. Its population is 12,037 inhabitants according to 2001 census. It is built at a height of 500 meter approximately. West of Grevena is the mountain range of Pindos with many forests and with a ski center which it is named Vasilitsa. This ski center has a lot of snow throughout the winter.

Geography 
Greneva has a total area of 1,860 square kilometers. 

Prefectures of Greece
Arta

Arta is a Greek city. It is the capital of Arta Prefecture, one of 51 prefectures of Greece. Its population is 24,725. Arta is known because of Arta's bridge. It is an old bridge on the Arachthos river. 

Cities in Greece
Trikala

Trikala is a Greek city and it is one of 51 prefectures of Greece. Trikala is in the center of Greece in the Thessaly periphery. According to the 2001 census, 57,914 people lived there. Trikala is built on a large plain. This plain is one of the biggest plain in Greece. In the west of Trikala is the Pindus range. Trikala is crossed by Litheus river.

Cities in Greece
Lesbos

Lesbos, also called Lesvos, is an island in Greece. It is in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It is one of 51 prefectures of Greece. The capital of Lesbos is the Mytilene. According to Classical Greek mythology, Lesbos was the patron god of the island. 

The word 'lesbian' comes from Lesbos. An ancient poet, Sappho, lived on Lesbos. Many of her love poems are written to women.

Prefectures of Greece
Islands of Greece
Samos

Samos is a Greek island. It is the eighth largest Greek island. It is in the east of Aegean sea. Opposite Samos is the west coasts of Turkey. Samos is one of 51 prefectures of Greece. The prefecture in addition includes the Ikaria island and Fournoi Island. The capital of Samos is Samos City, commonly referred to by the locals as Vathi. The area of the island is 478 km squared.  It is separated from Asia Minor, by the approximately 1 mile wide Mycale Strait. While largely mountainous, Samos has several relatively large and fertile plains. A great portion of the island is covered with vineyards, from which wine is made. The island of Samos is a lush, very green island with forests and with many places to visit. It is also the birthplace of the mathematician Pythagoras. Today Samos is an island which attracts tourists from all over the world for the wonderful nature, the impressive mountainous and verdant landscape and the plethora of archaeological sites.

Places of interest 
The most interest sight of Samos is the ancient aqueduct. It was construct by the ancient Greek mechanic Eupalinos, so it is called "Eupalinio Orygma" in Greek. It is a big tunnel which is  long. It had been constructed to carry water in the town of ancient Samos. Other important places is the ancient town which is in the south of island and the contemporary beautiful villages of Samos.

Prefectures of Greece
Islands of Greece
Evros

Evros is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.  The capital of Evros is Alexandroupoli.

References 

Prefectures of Greece
Evritania

Evritania is one of 51 prefectures of Greece.  The capital of Evritania is the Karpenisi.

Prefectures of Greece
Cyclades

Cyclades is an island group in Greece. The group of Cyclades includes many islands. The larger islands of the group is Naxos, Andros, Tinos, Mykonos, Paros, Milos, Thira (or Santorini), Syros, Amorgos, Ios, Kythnos, Kea, Sifnos, Serifos, Sikinos, Folegandros and Anafi. The group, also includes many others small islands and islets. Also Cyclades is one of 51 prefectures of Greece. The capital of Cyclades is the Ermoupolis in the island of Syros.

References

Prefectures of Greece
Serres

Serres is a Greek city. It is also one of 51 prefectures of Greece. There are 56,400 people in Serres. Serres is built on the large plain. It is in the north of Greece, in the region of Macedonia. It is near the Strymonas river.

Other websites 
Serres Prefecture Official Website 

Cities in Greece
Kilkis

Kilkis is a Greek town and it is one of 51 prefectures of Greece. It is in the north of Greece, in the region of Macedonia. Kilkis is built on the large plain. It is an agricultural city. It has 19,247 people.

Cities in Greece
Chania

Chania is a Greek city which is the capital of Chania prefecture. It is in the west of Crete. 55,838 people live there. Chania has an important port which connects Chania with the port of Piraeus.

History 
Chania had an significant development from 13th century till 17th century. Then it was under Venetian rule. After the Venetians, ruled the Ottomans until 1912. This year Crete was liberated and it is united with Greece.

Cities in Greece
Xanthi (regional unit)

Xanthi is a Greek city and its one of 51 prefectures in Greece. Its population is 46,464 inhabitants. It is located in the north-east of Greece, in the district of Western Thrace. Many Muslims live in Xanthi. So this city has an oriental color.

References 

Cities in Greece
Batha (prefecture)

Batha was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad. The area is part of the Batha Region since 2002.

Prefectures of Chad
Biltine (prefecture)

Biltine was one of fourteen prefectures, or areas, of Chad.  The capital of Biltine is Biltine. In 1993, it had a population of 148,807 people and an area of 46,850 square kilometers of land.

As of 2002, the area is now part of Wadi Fira Region

Prefectures of Chad
Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti

Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.  The capital of Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti was Faya.

Since 2002, Chad is divided into regions.

Prefectures of Chad
Faya-Largeau

Faya-Largeau is the largest city in northern Chad. 9,867 people were living there in 1993. It is the capital of Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture.

The town was first called Faya, then it was renamed Largeau after Chad became a colony of France in 1900.  When Chad won independence from France in 1960, the town changed its name to Faya-Largeau.

Cities in Chad
Chari-Baguirmi (prefecture)

Chari-Baguirmi was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.  The capital of was Ndjamena. Since 2002, Chad is divided into regions.

References

Prefectures of Chad
Guéra (prefecture)

Guéra was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.  The capital city of Guéra was Mongo. Since 2002, Chad is divided into regions.

Prefectures of Chad
Kanem (prefecture)

Kanem () was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad. The capital of Kanem was Mao. Since 2002, Chad is divided into regions.

Prefectures of Chad
Lac (prefecture)

Lac is one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.  The capital of Lac is the Bol.

Prefectures of Chad
Logone Occidental (prefecture)

Logone Occidental was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.  The capital city of Logone Occidental was Moundou. Since 2002, Chad is divided into regions.

Prefectures of Chad
Logone Oriental (prefecture)

Logone Oriental was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.  The capital of Logone Oriental was Doba. Since 2002, Chad is divided into regions.

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Prefectures of Chad
Mayo-Kébbi

Mayo-Kébbi was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.  The capital of Mayo-Kébbi was Bongor. Since 2002, Chad is divided into regions.

Prefectures of Chad
Moyen-Chari (prefecture)

Moyen-Chari was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.  The capital of Moyen-Chari was Sarh. Since 2002, Chad is divided into regions.

Prefectures of Chad
Ouaddaï (prefecture)

Ouaddaï was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.  The capital of Ouaddaï was Abéché. Since 2002, Chad is divided into regions.

Prefectures of Chad
Salamat (prefecture)

Salamat was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.  The capital of Salamat was Am Timan. Since 2002, Chad is divided into regions.

Prefectures of Chad
Tandjilé (prefecture)

Tandjilé was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad.  The capital of Tandjilé was Laï. Since 2002, Chad is divided into regions.

Prefectures of Chad
Abéché

Abéché is a city in Chad. It is the capital city of the Ouaddaï prefecture.

Cities in Chad
Mongo

Mongo is a city in Chad.  It is the capital city of the Guéra prefecture.

Cities in Chad
Ron Howard

Ronald William Howard (born March 1, 1954) is an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter.

Ron Howard was born in Duncan, Oklahoma. His father is actor Rance Howard. He started acting as a young child. As an actor he was best known for his roles on television, as Opie Taylor on The Andy Griffith Show and Richie Cunningham on Happy Days. He appeared in movies like The Music Man (1962) and American Graffiti (1973).

He later quit acting and became a director. Some of the movies he has directed are: Splash (1984), Cocoon (1985), Willow (1988), Parenthood (1989), Apollo 13 (1995), How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000), A Beautiful Mind (2001), and Cinderella Man (2005).

His father Rance Howard, brother Clint Howard and daughters Bryce Dallas Howard and Paige Howard are also actors, as was his mother, Jean Speegle Howard.

Recently, he returned to television and made the TV show Arrested Development.

References

Other websites 

Actors from Burbank, California
Actors from Oklahoma
American child actors
American movie actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
American screenwriters
American television actors
American television producers
American television writers
American voice actors
Movie directors from California
Movie producers from California
Writers from California
Writers from Oklahoma
1954 births
Living people
Playboy

Playboy was a monthly American men's magazine. It was founded by Hugh Hefner in Chicago, Illinois in 1953. Marilyn Monroe was the magazine's first cover model. The logo was created by Art Paul.

The magazine featured articles about men's interests including clothing, sports, consumer goods, men's health, politics, and public figures.  The magazine always showed large pictures of nude women, except for one year in 2016–2017.

In each issue, a provocatively posed "Playmate of the Month" was featured in a pictorial several pages in length at the center of the magazine with an accompanying "centerfold" photograph. Unlike traditional pin up art, Playboy humanized their models by describing their real world jobs, accomplishments, and goals.

In 1963 Hefner was arrested for obscenity in Chicago after publishing nude photos of actress Jayne Mansfield that were taken on the set of Promises! Promises!  He was acquitted at trial by a hung jury.

Starting with the March 2016 issue, the magazine no longer had pictures of nude women. According to the company, "times change." Times changed again in February 2017 when nudity returned. In March 2020 the company announced that it would stop publishing the magazine on paper and only use digital copies instead. Between 1970 and 1985 Playboy was also printed in braille. It is also one of the few magazines whose microfilm format was in color, not black and white.

References

1953 establishments in the United States
American men's magazines
Nudity
Magazines published in Chicago
1845



Births 
 February 25 – George Reid, 4th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1918)
 March 27 – Wilhelm Röntgen, German physician and Nobel Prize Laureate
 10 March - Alexander III of Russia , Czar of Russia and father of Czar Nicholas II .

New Books 
Queen Margot by Alexandre Dumas, père
1165



Events 
 The city of Jimmy is founded.

Birthdays 
 Ibn Arabi

References 

1165
Larry David

Larry David (born July 2, 1947 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American actor and writer of Jewish descent.

He worked as a writer on Fridays and Saturday Night Live. He co-created the television series Seinfeld. He also created and stars in his own series called Curb Your Enthusiasm.  On the series, he appears as a caricature of himself.

References

Other websites 

1947 births
Living people
Actors from Brooklyn
American movie actors
American television actors
American television producers
American television writers
Movie producers from New York City
Jewish American actors
Jewish American writers
Jewish businesspeople
Seinfeld
Writers from Brooklyn
Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam

Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam is a United States Navy and United States Air Force base in the U.S. state of Hawaii, on the south lagoon shore of Oahu. The navy base was started in 1899 and merged with the air force base in 2010. It is 8 miles (15 km) west of downtown Honolulu.

The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941, which was a surprise. The attack led to America's fighting in World War II. The reason the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor was to destroy the U.S. Navy (Seventh Fleet), and prevent the U.S. from stopping the Japanese expansion in Asia.

Other websites 
 WW2DB: Attack on Pearl Harbor

United States Navy
Buildings and structures in Hawaii
1899 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Hawaii
RPG

RPG may refer to:

 In the military, RPG means a rocket-propelled grenade, a weapon that launches explosive warheads.
 In entertainment, RPG means role-playing game, a game where the player plays the role of one or several characters.
Paraguay

Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay (), is a small country in South America. It is landlocked, meaning that it is not next to the ocean. It is bordered to the North and East by Brazil, the West by Bolivia, and the South and Southeast by Argentina. The main languages are Spanish and Guaraní.
Paraguay's population is about 6 million. The ethnic makeup of the population is the following: Mestizo (mixed European and Amerindian) 80%, European 20%, unmixed Amerindian 1-3%, Asian 1-4%.

Over (20%) of the population lives below the poverty line.

Paraguay has two official languages, Spanish and Guaraní. Guaraní is recognized as a national language.

The capital city is Asuncion. Asuncion was founded in 1537 by a Spaniard named Juan de Salazar. Paraguay was a colony of Spain, but became independent in 1811.

From 1865-1870 Paraguay lost land and most of its male population in the War of the Triple Alliance against Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. It gained land in the Chaco War against Bolivia in the 1930s.

Paraguay's main religion is Roman Catholicism.

The weather is humid in the east and dry in the west.

Government and politics

Administrative subdivisions
Paraguay has 17 departments and one capital district (Distrito Capital). The departments are formed by districts.

The departments are grouped in two geographic regions, separated by the Paraguay river:
 Occidental (Western) region or Chaco, to the north of the Paraguay river (departments: Alto Paraguay, Boquerón and Presidente Hayes)
 Oriental (Eastern) region, to the south of the Paraguay river (departments: Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazú, Caazapá, Canindeyú, Central, Concepción, Cordillera, Guairá, Itapúa, Misiones, Paraguarí, San Pedro and Ñeembucú; the capital district is part of this region)

References

Notes

 
Spanish-speaking countries
1811 establishments
1810s establishments in South America
Loch Ness

Loch Ness is a loch in the Scottish Highlands. It is also on the Great Glen Fault and part of the Caledonian Canal.

Geography 
Loch Ness is 36 kilometres long and only 1.5 kilometres wide. It is the second largest Scottish loch by surface area at , after Loch Lomond. Because of its great depth, it is the largest by volume. Its deepest point is . This is deeper than any other loch except Loch Morar. 

It contains more freshwater than all the lakes in England and Wales combined, and is the largest body of water on the Great Glen Fault, which runs from Inverness in the north to Fort William in the south.

In popular legend, it is the home of the "Loch Ness Monster", a myth which was promoted by a faked photograph.

Other websites 

 Cryptozoology.com
 Fort Augustus near Loch Ness

References

Legends
Ness
Gary Burghoff

Gary Burghoff  (born May 24, 1943) is an American actor, artist, and musician. He is probably best known for his role as Walter "Radar" O'Reilly, a company clerk that had extraordinary hearing, in the 1970 movie M*A*S*H and on the television series of the same name.  Burghoff also has a deformed hand which was hidden on the show by special camera tricks and he held it behind his back a lot.

Other websites

1943 births
Living people
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Actors from Connecticut
1847



Events
 The book Wuthering Heights is published
 February 22 – The Battle of Buena Vista in the Mexican–American War
 March 29 – Veracruz is taken by General Winfield Scott
 May 7 – The American Medical Association is founded
 July 24 – The Mormon pioneers under Brigham Young arrive in Salt Lake City to begin settling Utah.
 July 26 – Liberia becomes a country

Births
 February 11 – Thomas Edison
 March 3 – Alexander Graham Bell
 April 10 – Joseph Pulitzer
 September 5 – Jesse James

Deaths 
 March 11 – Johnny Appleseed
 November 4 – Felix Mendelssohn
Fred Gwynne

Fred Gwynne (born July 10, 1926 - July 2, 1993) was an American actor. He is best known for his role as Herman Munster in The Munsters.  He played Francis Muldoon in Car 54, Where Are You?.  The Munsters and Car 54, Where Are You? were television situation comedies.  He also wrote children's literature.

References 

American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Actors from New York City
1926 births
1993 deaths
Nevada

Nevada is one of the United States' states. Its capital is Carson City. The largest city is Las Vegas. Other big cities are Henderson and Reno. More than two-thirds of the people live in the Las Vegas urban area.

Most of Nevada is in the Great Basin. It is the driest state in the United States.

Nevada was first inhabited by Native Americans. It was colonized by Spain and was part of New Spain. Later, it was part of New Mexico. It was taken by the United States in the Mexican–American War.

The most common ancestries in Nevada include Mexican, German, Irish, English, Italian and Asian. Many White people and Hispanics live in the state.

History
Nevada was originally founded in 1821 as part of the First Mexican Empire. The Mexican Empire turned into the Mexican Republic in 1823, along with Nevada. Before the arrival of Europeans, Nevada was inhabited by Native American tribes including the Shoshone, the Paiute, the Washoe, and the Mohave.

The Mexican-American Conflict
Fighting between the United States and Mexico started. They fought over what was to become the Southwestern United States and who could own this land. This was called the Mexican-American War. The war ended in an American victory in 1848. Nevada later became an American territory in 1861. It was called the "Nevada Territory". This was not all of Nevada as it is today. The eastern part of Nevada was part of "Utah Territory"  and the southern part was part of "New Mexico". In 1859 in the Comstock Lode, gold and silver were first discovered. This started a huge growth in mining in the state which Nevada is known for.

Gaining statehood
On October 31, 1864, now celebrated as "Nevada Day", Nevada was made the 36th state in the United States. It was given the distinct shape resembling a rectangle with a triangle. It was named Nevada meaning "snowy land" in Spanish, because it was snowy in the North. Later, on May 5, 1866, Nevada got its current borders because the Pah-Ute County in Arizona was taken as part of Nevada. It is now Clark County, Nevada. It was also agreed upon that the western part of Utah would become Eastern Nevada.

Economy
Tourism is very important to the economy of Nevada. Many people visit Las Vegas, which has many casinos and resorts. There is not as much farming as there is in some other states, because Nevada is so dry. However, mining is big in Nevada. More gold is mined in Nevada than in any other state.

Related pages
 Colleges and universities in Nevada
 List of counties in Nevada

References

Other websites

 State of Nevada official website

 
1864 establishments in the United States
Western United States
Comoros

Comoros (officially called Union of the Comoros) is a small island nation in the Indian Ocean. It is between Madagascar and mainland Africa.  The capital is Moroni on Grande Comore.  The population (except for Mayotte) is about 798,000 people.

The Comoros Islands are in the Indian Ocean, between Mozambique and Madagascar. It is the southernmost member state of the Arab League.

There are 4 islands from west to east: Grande Cormore, Moheli, Anjouan and Mayotte.  All the islands are of volcanic origin. Islam is the official religion of Comoros with over 90% of the population being Sunni Muslims.

Mayotte is also a territory that is claimed by Comoros but is under occupation by the French as an  overseas territory. The other islands form the independent state of Comoros.

The country has a history with many coup d'état since independence in 1975. As of 2008, about half the people live below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day.

Mount Karthala is the country's highest point. Karthala is an active shield volcano on Grand Cormore. It had a minor eruption in May 2006.

Geography
The Comoros is formed by Ngazidja (Grande Comore), Mwali (Mohéli) and Nzwani (Anjouan), the three major islands in the Comoros Archipelago. There are also many minor islets. The islands are officially known by their Comorian language names. International sources still use their French names (given in parentheses above). The capital and largest city is Moroni on Ngazidja.

At 2,034 km2 (785 sq mi), it is one of the smallest countries in the world. The interiors of the islands vary from steep mountains to low hills.

Climate 
The climate is generally tropical and mild. The rainy season runs from December to April. It is called kashkazi/kaskazi, meaning north monsoon. The cool, dry season is from May to November. It is called kusi, meaning south monsoon.

The temperature reaches an average of  in March, the hottest month. The average low is  in the dry season. The islands are rarely subject to cyclones.

The islands have their own ecoregion, the Comoros forests.

Government
The President of the Comoros is both head of state and head of government. The constitution was adopted on 23 December 2001. It was last amended in May 2009.

In November 1975, the Comoros became the 143rd member of the United Nations. The citizens of Mayotte chose to become French citizens and keep their island as a French territory.

There is a small standing army. This includes a 500-member police force and a 500-member defense force. A treaty with France provides navy protection for territorial waters.

Cities

Economy
The Comoros is one of the world's poorest countries.  Agriculture is the leading sector of the economy. Agriculture includes fishing, hunting, and forestry.

The Comoros is the world's largest producer of ylang-ylang. It is a large producer of vanilla.

References

Other websites
 
 

 
French-speaking countries
Least developed countries
Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1975 establishments in Africa
Archipelagos
Kapingamarangi

Kapingamarangi is an atoll in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Federated States of Micronesia. There are about 700 people living in Kapingamarangi. The inhabitants speak the Kapingamarangi language, a Polynesian dialect.

The Kapingamarangi people live a simple life. They believe that it's not what you have that is important. They help each other, neighbors, relatives, and everybody. They share what they have. The sea provides a significant source of food. And the people are very talented in doing all the different types of fishing.

Atolls
Federated States of Micronesia
Kiribati

Kiribati () is an island country in the Pacific Ocean. It has 33 atolls, groups of tiny islands. The country is near the equator. Part of it is in Micronesia and part is in Polynesia. Its capital is South Tarawa, on the Tarawa atoll.

Kiribati used to be called the Gilbert Islands. The name "Kiribati" comes from the way local people say "Gilberts". In 1892, the Gilbert Islands became a British protectorate with the Ellice Islands (now known as Tuvalu), together called Gilbert and Ellice Islands. Kiribati became an independent republic in 1979.

Tourism is an important industry. Most food comes from farming and fishing. People grow breadfruit, papayas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, and vegetables. The soil is not very good, but people use a special way of composting to make it better.

The official languages of Kiribati are English and Gilbertese.

People
As of 2020, about 119,000 people live in Kiribati. This is up from 103,000 in 2010, 84,000 in 2000, and 72,000 in 1990. Of these people, 90% live on the Gilbert Islands, 10% live on the Phoenix Islands, and only 41 people live on the Line Islands. The government says that 59% of people live in urban areas.

Almost all people in Kiribati have a religion. The largest religions are Catholicism (59%), Kiribati Uniting Church (21%), Kiribati Protestant Church (8%), Mormon (5%), Bahai (2%), and Seventh-day Adventist (2%).

History
The first people came to Kiribati sometime between 3000 BC and 1300 AD. It is not known where they came from. Before this time, the islands may have been underwater.

European sailors saw the islands in the 1600s and 1700s. At this time, people only lived on the Gilbert Islands. (These islands were named after a British sailor, Thomas Gilbert.) In the 1800s, Europeans kidnapped many people and sold them as slaves. In 1886, the British Empire took the islands. The British tried to settle the Phoenix and Line Islands.

During World War II, Japan took the islands. During the Cold War, the US tested nuclear weapons there. In 1979, Kiribati became independent. Kiribati signed a "Treaty of Friendship and Territorial Sovereignty" (also called the "Treaty of Tarawa") with the United States in 1979.  The USA gave up its claims to the islands of Canton, Enderbury, Hull, Birnie, Gardner, Phoenix, Sydney, McKean, Christmas, Caroline, Starbuck, Malden, Flint, and Vostok in that treaty.

Climate change
Global warming and climate change are having big effects on Kiribati. The islands are very low above the water. The average height is 3 metres above sea level. Because of global warming, the sea level is rising. Land is sinking under the ocean. In the future, there may not be enough land to grow food. Salt water is also filling up aquifers, where people store fresh water. Climate change causes unusual droughts and storms. These can make farming much harder.

In 2012, the government purchased land on Fiji. This way, people from Kiribati could move there if needed.

References

Other websites

 
Least developed countries
1979 establishments
Commonwealth member states
Bisexuality

Bisexuality is a sexual orientation. Bisexual (sometimes shortened to bi) people are romantically or sexually attracted to both men and women. It can also mean attraction to more than one gender. Sometimes it is talked about as having romantic or sexual attraction to someone regardless of their sex or gender identity. This is also known as pansexuality. Some bisexual people love men and women the same and some people love one more than the other. Some bisexual people have preferences to one or more sexes, however some may not. A slang expression for bisexuality is "to swing both ways."   

In 1948, Alfred Kinsey published the Kinsey scale. The Kinsey scale shows that sexuality is a continuum. This means it moves little by little from heterosexuality to homosexuality. On the Kinsey scale, a 0 is someone who is only heterosexual. A 6 is someone who is only homosexual. Someone who is equally homosexual and heterosexual (bisexual) is a 3.
   
In biology, bisexual can define an organism that has both male and female organs. This mostly refers to plants.

Definitions 

Bisexuality is romantic or sexual attraction to both males and females, or to more than one gender. Attraction can be different for bisexuals. This can be sexual, romantic, emotional, or physical attraction. Some sources say that bisexuality means romantic or sexual attraction to all gender identities or sexual orientations. Some sources say that it is romantic or sexual attraction to a person no matter what that person's sex or gender is. This would make it the same as pansexuality. Pansexuality ignores or rejects the gender binary (the idea that there is two genders and related sexual orientations). This is because pansexuals are open to relationships with people who do not identify as men or women. Sometimes the phrase bisexual umbrella or bisexual community is used to talk about any non-monosexual behaviors, attractions, and identities. The phrase "bisexual community", or the word "plurisexuality", includes people who identify as bisexual, pansexual, omnisexual, biromantic, polysexual, or sexually fluid.

Symbols 

A common symbol of the bisexual community is the bisexual flag. This flag has a deep pink stripe at the top for homosexuality, a dark blue stripe for heterosexuality, and a purple stripe in the middle for bisexuality. The purple stripe is a mix of the blue and pink colors, representing a mix of homosexuality and heterosexuality. 

Another symbol of bisexuality is the biangles. The biangles are a pair of overlapping pink and blue triangles. These triangles form purple where they cross.

Related pages
LGBT
Bisexual flag
Pansexuality
Bicurious
Biphobia

References

Further reading 
Sexual orientation and bisexuality FAQ's from the American Psychological Association
James D. Weinrich, Sexual Landscapes: Why We Are What We Are, Why We Love Whom We Love, Charles Scribner's Sons, December 1987.

Bisexuality
Annie

Annie (1976  present) is a musical. The book was written by Thomas Meehan. The lyrics were written by Martin Charnin. The music was written by Charles Strouse. Annie is based on characters and concepts created by Harold Gray for the comic strip Little Orphan Annie.

The musical premiered on Broadway at the Alvin Theatre in 1977. It ran for about six years. A West End production opened in 1978. Annie won three Tony Awards, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.

Roles
 Annie, an 11-year-old orphan
 Oliver "Daddy" Warbucks, a billionaire
 Grace, his assistant
 Miss Hannigan, the matron of an orphanage
 Rooster, Miss Hannigan's brother
 Lily St. Regis, Rooster's girlfriend

Story
Annie lives in an orphanage run by Miss Hannigan. She is chosen from the orphans to spend two weeks with Oliver Warbucks. He grows to love her. When he learns that she wants to find her parents, he offers a large reward. Miss Hannigan, Rooster, and Lily scheme to kidnap Annie, but their plot fails, and they are sent to prison.

Adaptations
Annie was made into a movie in 1982 starring Albert Finney, Aileen Quinn, Bernadette Peters, and Carol Burnett.

Broadway musicals
West End musicals
1970s musicals
Musicals based on comic strips
Musicals adapted to movies
Tony Award winning musicals
1976 works
James Taylor

James Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter. He is popular for his songs "Fire and Rain", "You've Got a Friend", and "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)". Taylor is a Democrat. He attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election. Taylor performed during Obama's second inauguration.

References

20th-century American singers
American singer-songwriters
Singers from North Carolina
Grammy Award winners
American pop musicians
Democrats (United States)
1948 births
Living people
Truro

Truro is the capital of Cornwall in South West England. It is the only city in Cornwall, and it is the most southerly city in the British Isles. The River Truro flows though Truro and boats can travel to Truro along the river.

History
Truro became a large town in the 19th century because of the tin mining industry of west Cornwall. When a new Church of England diocese for Cornwall was set up in 1876 Truro became the seat of the bishop. Truro Cathedral took many years to build but was finished in 1910. It is built in the Early English Gothic revival style. Truro also became the county town of Cornwall when a county council was set up in 1888. The Royal Cornwall Museum is Cornwall's county museum and is owned by the Royal Institution of Cornwall (founded 1818).

Facilities
The Royal Cornwall Hospital is a major NHS hospital.

County towns in England
Settlements in Cornwall
Cities in England
Civil parishes in Cornwall
1664

1664 was a leap year.

Events 
 March 12 –  New Jersey becomes a colony of Britain.
Pelops

Pelops is a person from Greek mythology.  He was the son of Tantalus and Dione and the father of Pittheus, Plisthenes, Atreus, Thyestes, Chrysippus and Copreus. 
According to the mythology, the Peloponesus was named after Pelops.

Tantaus cut Pelops into pieces and served him to the gods in a stew. He was later put back together.

People in Greek mythology
Job

A job is any legal activity that allows an individual to perform a service and in return earn credits they can use to buy things.

A job can mean "some work that has to be done", for example: there are jobs to be done in the house: washing up, mending things that are broken, etc.

A job can also mean: work that a person does to earn money.  The word "job" may be used when a person works for someone else "an employer" who pays them for the work.  For example, a teacher's job is to teach children or adults. A taxi driver's job is to drive people in a taxi. A firefighter rescues people from burning buildings and puts out fires.   A dermatologist's job is to diagnose and treat skin diseases.  Some jobs pay very little.

The International Labour Organization was established to make people's job conditions better. It became an organization of the United Nations in 1946.

Related pages
International Labour Organization
Constitution
Constitutional economics
Full employment
Job satisfaction
Recruitment
Unemployment

VOA Special English words
Employment
Crop

Crops are living plants grown by farmers. Most crops are foods such as grain, vegetables, or fruit. Some crops are for drugs, such as quinine, or fibers such as cotton, or other materials such as rubber or wood. Farms are usually made to grow just one kind of crop. Crops are domesticated plants, most of which have been selected to improve their size, taste and other qualities. Many crops are farmed in monoculture. Growing crops is a part of agriculture.

The following crops are very important as food to humans (The numbers shows the kcal of a person for a day). 

 Rice (541 kcal)
 Wheat (527 kcal)
 Sugarcane and other sugar crops (200 kcal)
 Maize (corn) (147 kcal) 
 Soybean oil (82 kcal)
 Other vegetables (74 kcal)
 Potatoes (64 kcal)
 Palm oil (52 kcal)
 Cassava (37 kcal)
 Legumes (37 kcal)
 Sunflower oil (35 kcal)
 Rapeseed and mustard oil (34 kcal)
 Other fruits, (31 kcal)
 Sorghum (28 kcal)
 Millet (27 kcal)
 groundnuts (25 kcal)
 Beans (23 kcal)
 Sweet potatoes (22 kcal)
 Bananas (21 kcal)
 Various nuts (16 kcal)
 Soybeans (14 kcal)
 Cotton oil (13 kcal)
 Groundnut oil (13 kcal)
 Yams (13 kcal).

References

Agriculture
Proletariat

The proletariat (often shortened to "prole" in slang) is a term used by communists for a segment of society. It describes the class of workers in urban areas who work in industry or manufacturing. These urban workers are different from the peasants, who are workers who do farming jobs in rural areas. Someone is who part of the proletariat class is called a proletarian. 

The political way of thinking of communism states that the proletariat should have a revolution and take over the means of production. They are often sarcastically referred to as "wage-slaves." 

The proletariat is the laboring bulk of society that does most of the useful, necessary work, and pays most of the taxes. It is also perceived by "capitalists" (another communist term) as being necessary for those reasons: labor and taxes, plus being available to exploit to produce profits.

History 
The word proletariat comes from the Latin word proletarius, which means "maker of offspring". In Ancient Rome, the proletarii were the people who were so poor that the only form of property that they had were their children, who could be used as soldiers.

Modern use 
Karl Marx used the word proletariat to describe people who did not own the means of productions (such as factories and land) and had to work for others for a wage. He thought the proletariat class could overthrow the capitalist system and society more just. He learned about the word while studying Roman law in Berlin. In Marxist theory, the lumpenproletariat ("rag-proletariat" in German) were a class of people who were not interested in revolution.

Marx believed that the bourgeoisie exploited the proletariat.

References

Related pages
Bourgeoisie
Class struggle
Exploitation
Marxism
Lumpenproletariat
The Communist Manifesto

Communism
Social classes
Ohio River

The Ohio River is the one of the most important tributaries to the Mississippi River. It is 981 miles long and it forms boundaries for the states of Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, and West Virginia before finally going to its headwaters in Pennsylvania. It is its widest a little to the West of downtown Louisville, where it is one mile wide. Cities on the Ohio River include Evansville, Indiana, Paducah, Kentucky, Cincinnati, Ohio, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The river begins in Pittsburgh.  The Wabash, Kentucky and the Tennessee Rivers flow into the Ohio.

Other websites 
Historic Ohio, the magazine 
Ohio Historical Preservation Group 
Ohio River Valley Families Online Searchable Database, a genealogy resource
Image at the confluence with the Mississippi River
Watershed information 
Ohio River Forecast Center, which issues official river forecasts for the Ohio River and its tributaries.

Rivers of Kentucky
Rivers of Illinois
Rivers of Indiana
Geography of Ohio
Rivers of Pennsylvania
Rivers of West Virginia
El Alamein

El Alamein is a town in Egypt. It is most famous for being the place where the British-led Allies won the Second Battle of El Alamein against the Nazis during World War II. The town has a railroad station, which was important to all of the battles that have happened there.

Cities in Egypt
Otis Redding

Otis Ray Redding Jr. (September 9, 1941 - December 10, 1967) was an American singer and songwriter. He was an African American who was born in Dawson, Georgia. He wrote and sang many popular songs. He was killed in a plane crash at the age of 26 in Madison, Wisconsin. Shortly after his death, his song "Sittin' on the Dock of The Bay", went to # 1 on the charts. His music was magnificent and his songs moved many. He was a great man and a talented artist. 

He wrote the song, "Respect", which became a smash hit for Aretha Franklin.

Notes

1941 births
1967 deaths
African American musicians
American singer-songwriters
American soul musicians
Aviation deaths in the United States
Singers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Black Forest

The Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald) is a world famous forest in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

Important towns are (from north to south): Pforzheim, Calw, Baden-Baden, Offenburg, Freudenstadt, Horb, Villingen-Schwenningen, Titisee-Neustadt and Waldshut-Tiengen. The highest mountain is the Feldberg (1492m).

The Black Forest is quite popular for hiking, skiing and Nordic walking. In Triberg, at the lake Titisee and in other places you can buy the famous cuckoo clocks.  A good way to get known to the Black Forest is to travel on the Deutsche Uhrenstraße, a "National Scenic Byway."

References

Other websites

 Official website
  Black Forest image galleries  
 Information about Black Forest, Hotels, Wellness and more

Forests of Germany
Geography of Baden-Württemberg
Frankie Avalon

Frankie Avalon (born Francis Thomas Avallone, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 18, 1939) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for his starring roles in a series of beach movies in the 1960s. He was known as a teen idol.

References

Other websites 
 

1939 births
Living people
American movie actors
American pop musicians
Actors from Philadelphia
Singers from Philadelphia
Celebrity chef

A celebrity chef is a chef who is well known for their cooking, kinds of food, and style of preparation. Many celebrity chefs become famous through television appearances, publishing cookbooks, or having their own restaurant.

Some "celebrity chefs" are:

Francesco Bellissimo
Gino D'Acampo
Rocco Despirito
Lisa Faulkner
Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall
The Frugal Gourmet (Jeff Smith) 
Ken Hom
Graham Kerr (The Galloping Gourmet) 
Nigella Lawson
Emeril Legasse
Jamie Oliver
Paul Prudhomme
Wolfgang Puck
Gordon Ramsay
Rachael Ray
Alfons Schuhbeck
Delia Smith
Rick Stein
Phil Vickery
Marco Pierre White
Martin Yan

Historical celebrity chefs 
Eliza Acton
Carême
Julia Child
Fanny Cradock
Escoffier
Mrs Beeton
The Two Fat Ladies (Jennifer Paterson and Clarissa Dickson Wright)
La Varenne

Celebrities
Huntz Hall

Henry "Huntz" Hall (August 15, 1919 - January 30, 1999) was a well-known American actor. He was best known as Dippy in the Dead End Kids series. He made 78 movies.

Trivia 
He is one of the famous people who appeared on the cover of The Beatles, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album.

1919 births
1999 deaths
American movie actors
Actors from New York City
Robert Peel

Sir Robert Peel (5 February 1788 – 2 July 1850) was a British politician. He established many well-known laws in Britain including the police force, and had a brief term as Prime Minister. 

In  1834, he founded the Conservative Party out of the old Tory party which was founded in 1678. Peel was a very clever politician in his own right. However, he went against his party in 1846 by repealing the Corn Laws. After this the party split and were not in power for the next 28 years.

In 1835 he published the Tamworth Manifesto, which told people how he wanted the government to be run. He came to power in 1841, defeating the Whig government of Lord Melbourne, and ruled the country until 1846. During this time, Peel's popularity with other party members became lower because many of them thought he was too proud, and disliked the way he changed his mind over some important issues, often without telling them first. The defeat of his Conservative Party in 1846 was followed by a brief period in the House of Commons until his death in 1851, in a horse riding accident.

Peel is one of the famous people who appears on the cover of The Beatles Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album.  

Main Achievements 

Sir Robert Peel is most famous for creating the British Police Force. Early police men were sometimes called "Peelers" because he created them. He was born in Bury, 1788 - the town he was born in is so proud of him they built him a tower on Holcombe hill.

References 

1788 births
1850 deaths
Chancellors of the Exchequer
People from Bury
UK MPs 1807–1812
UK MPs 1812–1818
UK MPs 1818–1820
UK MPs 1820–1826
UK MPs 1826–1830
UK MPs 1830–1831
UK MPs 1831–1832
UK MPs 1832–1835
UK MPs 1835–1837
UK MPs 1837–1841
UK MPs 1841–1847
UK MPs 1847–1852

Politicians from Greater Manchester
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Herodotus

Herodotus ( ; , ;  ) was an Ancient Greek historian. He was born in Halicarnassus, a town in south-west Asia Minor (now Bodrum, Turkey)

Herodotus was called the "Father of History" by Cicero. He wrote about the ancient empires of Babylon, Egypt, and Persia, and about the Ancient Greeks.

During his life, Herodotus probably told his stories in front of large numbers of people in Greek cities. Some men at the time did this for pay. He is now most famous for his writings about the wars between the Persian Empire and the Greek city-states. He told the story from the Greek side, although the war was mostly finished when he was still a child.

In his books, Herodotus tells us that he travelled a lot. He says that he went to what is now Italy (including Sicily), Ukraine, Egypt and Pakistan. He may also have travelled to Babylon in today's Iraq. He often used stories from people he met to write about other places and happenings.

Some people think that Herodotus wrote about things that were not true. That is possible, because he would have relied on information from various sources. His work is important because there is very little writing on these subjects before his works.

The works of Herodotus are available today in translations.

References

Other websites 
 Herodotus Citizendium

480s BC births
420s BC deaths
Ancient Greek historians
Chinook

A chinook is a warm westerly wind that sometimes flows over Canada's Rocky Mountains in the winter. It can raise temperatures in southern Alberta by twenty or thirty degrees in an hour. A chinook is caused when air flowing off the Pacific Ocean is raised by the mountains and heated as the water vapor in the air condenses. Then it is warmed more as it flows down the other side of the mountains and is compressed. It flows out over the prairie, and may travel as far as the eastern border of Alberta if it is especially strong. The chinook is also called "snow eater", because it can melt snow so quickly.

Winds

ml:കാറ്റ്#ചിനൂക്ക്
Etoumbi

Etoumbi is a town in a part of the Republic of the Congo called Cuvette-Ouest.

Recently, there were four outbreaks of the Ebola virus in Etoumbi. Some people think this is because the people that live there ate some dead animals from the forest. In 2003, 120 people died in an outbreak. Because of an outbreak in May, 2005 nobody was allowed in or out of the town.

Other websites 

 Multimap: Map of Etoumbi 

Towns in the Republic of the Congo