alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Lu Chen

Lu Chen (Simplified Chinese: 陈露, Traditional Chinese: 陳露, Chen Lu in Chinese) (born November 24, 1976, in Changchun) is a Chinese figure skater. She was world champion in 1995.

Chen's mother played table tennis and her father coached ice hockey. She started skating at the age of five in Jilin, and also took ballet dancing. She won the bronze medal at the world junior championship in 1992, and came third at the world senior championships the same year, at the age of 16.

Her nickname is "Lulu," and she is also known as "Butterfly on Ice." She is admired for her artistic ability.

Chen skated for the professional show Stars on Ice for two years. Now she runs an ice skating club in Shenzhen. This club is named after her.

 World Championships: 1991 – 12th, 1992 – 3rd, 1993 – 3rd, 1995 – 1st, 1996 – 2nd
 Olympics: 1992 – 6th, 1994 – 3rd, 1998 – 3rd
 Chinese National Figure Skating Competition: first from 1990 to 1995

Source 
 Figure Skating: A Celebration by Beverly Smith

1976 births
Living people
Chinese sportspeople
Figure skaters
People from Jilin
Oksana Baiul

Oksana Baiul (born November 16, 1977 in Dnipropetrovsk) is a Ukrainian figure skater. She came first at the 1993 world championships and at the 1994 Winter Olympics.

Baiul's grandfather gave her first skates to her when she was three years old. When her mother died, she became an orphan. But she kept skating, and won the World Championships when she was only 15 years old. She became famous for her artistic ability when she skated as "The Swan" to win the Olympics when she was 16. 

She has skated for many professional shows such as Champions on Ice and Stars on Ice. A television movie was made about her - A Promise Kept: The Oksana Baiul Story. She now lives in New Jersey. She still skates professionally, and also makes figure skating clothes.

Amateur competitions 
 World Championships: 1993 - 1st
 1994 Winter Olympics: - 1st
 European Championships: 1993 - 2nd, 1994 - 2nd

References

Other websites 
 OksanaStyle.com  Official Website
 Golden Skate - Interview
 View Zone - Interview
 oksanabaiul.com - Additional info

1977 births
Living people
Ukrainian Olympians
Figure skaters
Olympic gold medalists
Hobo

Hobo is a word for a homeless person who travels to different cities and towns to look for work. Hobos usually travel by train "hopping" (riding in empty train freight railcars without paying for a ticket), or sometimes "riding the rods" (lying dangerously near the train wheels, underneath the cars).

Hobos stay in very cheap hotels in cities, or camp in simple shelters ("shanties") in shanty towns near the rail yards. There were many hobos during the Great Depression in the United States because many people lost their jobs and homes. Many people blamed President Herbert Hoover for the Depression, so hobo camps were sometimes called "Hoovervilles".

Rail transport
People
Indochinese tiger

The Indochinese tiger (Panthera tigris corbetti) is one of the six living tiger subspecies, and is found in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and southwestern China. The Indochinese tiger is also known as the Corbett's tiger, named after Jim Corbett. It has been listed as Endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. In Myanmar it is the National animal of the country.

Description
Males are around 8–9 ft (2.4-2.7 meters) long, and weigh around 330 to 430 pounds. Females are around 7–8 ft (2.1-2.4 meters) long, and weigh around 221 to 287 pounds. Indochinese tigers are darker in colour than the Bengal tiger, and have narrow stripes which usually break up into a row of spots. Their belly, chin and cheeks are white in colour.

Where they live
The Indochinese tiger is found throughout Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Burma and Vietnam. It also lived in China, but no Indochinese tiger has been seen in China since 2007.
It is found mostly in lowland and highland tropical deciduous, semi-evergreen and evergreen forests. The Indochinese tiger is also found in hilly and mountainous areas.

Feeding
Indochinese tigers feed mainly on medium-sized and large-sized wild ungulates. Sambar deer, wild pig, serow, and large bovids such as banteng and young gaur make up most of the Indochinese tiger's diet. Some of its prey, like the kouprey and Schomburgk's deer, are extinct, but some, like the Eld's deer, hog deer and wild water buffalo, are still living but rare. Indochinese tigers also feed on muntjac deer, porcupines, macaques and hog badgers. 
They have been known to supplement their diet with birds, fish, monkeys and reptiles.

Reproduction
Female Indochinese tigers are pregnant for around 3–4 months, before giving birth to about 5 cubs. Newborn Indochinese tigers weigh around 1 kg (2 lb), and are blind and helpless. The mother feeds them milk for about 2 months and then the Indochinese tiger cubs are introduced to meat. Indochinese tiger cubs depend on their mother for the first 18 months and then they start hunting on their own.

References

Tigers
Phenomenon

A phenomenon (Greek: , pl. ) is an observable event or, quite literally, something that can be seen.

It comes from the noun  (phainomenon, df. appearance) and is also related to the verb  (phainein, df. to show). Its plural is phenomena. Its antonym is lathomenon, meaning "something lying beneath the surface". 

Phenomenon can also mean a "surprising development" or "unusually successful person".

Use in science & technology 
In science, phenomenon stands for any event which we can sense or detect or record. In science, the word "observe" means more than just "visible to the naked eye". It means "sensible", available to our senses. The senses we are born with are extended by a whole range of instruments which record things we cannot see, and make them visible to us.

So, while some events are easy to observe, others need technology to make observation possible.

References 

Science
Konstantin Chernenko

Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (Russian language: Константи́н Усти́нович Черне́нко September 24, 1911 – March 10, 1985) was a Soviet Politician who briefly ruled The Soviet Union. Born to a poor family from Siberia, Chernenko joined the Communist Party in 1931. He was later elected to become a full member of the Politburo in 1978. Following the Death of Leonid Brezhnev and his successor Yuri Andropov, Chernenko was elected General Secretary in February 1984. During his brief time in office, Chernenko continued Andropov's reforms. However, his term was cut short due to health problems and died on March 10, 1985 after leading the country for only 13 months.

Biography

Early Life and Career 

Konstantin Chernenko was born to a poor peasant family on September 24, 1911, in Bolshaya Tes, Russia. He became a member of the Communist Party in 1931 and worked in various party and government positions, eventually rising through the ranks.

Personal Life 
Chernenko married two wifes, Faina Vassilyevna Chernenko and Anna Dmitrevna Lyubimova. Together, they had 4 children, a son named Albert and had two daughters, Yelena and Vera, and a son, Vladimir.

Rising through the ranks 

Konstantin Chernenko's political ascent was gradual. He started as a Komsomol activist, later joining the Communist Party. Chernenko held various party positions, showcasing his loyalty to the Soviet regime. His proximity to power increased under Brezhnev, eventually becoming a full member of the Politburo in 1978. After Brezhnev's death in 1982, Chernenko briefly severed as Second Secretary during the brief rule of Yuri Andropov until Andropov's death in February 1984.

Rule (1984 – 1985) 

Chernenko served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1984 until his death in 1985. His rule was brief, marked by health issues, and he continued the policies of his predecessor, Yuri Andropov, without significant deviation. Chernenko's tenure is often associated with the later years of the Cold War and the Soviet Union's internal challenges.

Health Problems 
Chernenko faced various health issues during his brief time in office from 1984 to 1985. He suffered from emphysema and other respiratory problems, likely exacerbated by his heavy smoking. These health issues ultimately contributed to his death in March 1985.

Legacy 
Chernenko's legacy is often overshadowed by his predecessors and the subsequent changes in Soviet leadership. Chernenko's time in office was marked by health issues, and he passed away after just 13 months. His legacy is tied to the later years of the Cold War, but his impact on Soviet history is limited compared to other leaders.

References 

1911 births
1985 deaths
Former dictators
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Heads of government of the Soviet Union
Shetland Sheepdog

A Shetland Sheepdog is a kind of small dog whose ancestors came from the Shetland Islands.   Many people call them "Shelties". They are popular pets in many countries. Shelties have the same origins with Rough Collie and Border Collie. Shelties are a working dog and are sometimes used for herding.

A Sheltie can have a mix of several colors in its coat. Most shelties are sable and white (brown and white) or tri-color (black, white and tan). Their fur is long and they shed twice a year.  Shelties range in size from 13 to 16 inches.  They usually weigh about 25-30 pounds.

Shelties are very energetic dogs that run and bark a lot. They are great with children. 
It was said that Shelties were sheep dogs so they try to please their master and have a strong sense of responsibility. They do not need very much discipline. Shelties rank in the top ten smartest dogs. They learn new things very quickly and remember them well. Shelties make great family pets as long as you do not mind a dog that barks.

Dog breeds originating in Scotland
FCI breeds
Shetland
Belief

A belief is a firm thought that something is true, often based on revelation. Belief is usually a part of belonging to a religion. It is different to scientific knowledge that can be tested, but belief is not able to be tested. For example, a person may believe in God or gods.
The word is also used to describe what a person expects will happen based on limited information. For example, "I believe Amy will come around today". Belief is also something you believe in but you cannot prove exactly.

Related pages
Faith
Evidence
Epistemology
Karl Popper

Basic English 850 words
Religion

References 

Psychology
German Shepherd

The German Shepherd (), also known as the Alsatian, a breed of medium-large size dog.  It was first developed in Germany.  They are often used as police dogs, but they have many other uses.  They have been variously used as herding dogs, guard dogs, military dogs, eyes for the blind and as pets.  Because of their intelligence, speed, drive, eagerness and balance, they are now called 'multi-terrain' dogs as well as 'most complete dog breed' for their versatility, adaptability and suitability.

An important modern use is in search and rescue.  In former times the American Rescue Dog Association only used air-scenting Alsatians to locate people who are missing or lost.  They search in wilderness, disaster, human body remains and water search and rescue and recovery missions.  The breed is smart, athletic and can live in a wide variety of climate conditions. 

Male German Shepherds usually weigh around . Females usually weigh around .

The term Alsatian wolf dog, instead of German Shepherd dog, was first popularly used by the British in the First World War. This was because the country was at war with the German Empire. Adolf Hitler, a German dictator, was also known to have German Shepherds as companions.

The German Shepherd Dog breed, as it is currently known, was developed by the founder and the first president of the Association for the German Shepherd Dog breed Max Emil Friedrich von Stephanitz at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries.

Gallery

Transportation of an animal 
Disabled people carry guide dogs with them in wagons of all types. There is no charge for the transportation of guide dogs and transportation documents are not issued.

References 

Dog breeds originating in Germany
FCI breeds
Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back

Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back is a science fiction movie and the second film in the Star Wars saga. The movie was released in 1980. It includes action, romance and drama.

Cast 
 James Earl Jones as Darth Vader
 Anthony Daniels as C-3PO
 Peter Mayhew as Chewbacca
 Kenny Baker as R2-D2
 Frank Oz as Yoda

Plot 

The Rebels hide from the Empire on the icy planet Hoth. The Empire finds the Rebels and they have to leave the planet after a battle.
Luke Skywalker finds Yoda, a 900-year-old Jedi Master and begins the training to become a Jedi. Han Solo, Chewbacca, Princess Leia and C-3P0 are caught by the Empire and Solo is frozen in carbonite. In his Jedi training, Luke gets a vision that his friends are in danger and tries to help them. He has to confront Darth Vader, and the two of them fight. When Luke fights Vader, he cuts off Luke's hand and Luke also learns that Vader is his father. His hand is replaced with a prosthetic one, including nerves, muscles, and some other tings.

Other websites 

 Official website
 
 
 
 The Empire Strikes Back The Movie Database

1980 movies
1980 science fiction movies
Christmas movies
Empire Strikes Back, The
United States National Film Registry movies
Church of the SubGenius

The Church of the SubGenius is a religion founded by Ivan Stang and Philo Drummond. Originally based in Dallas, Texas, it is now based in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. In 2009, Stang said that The Church of the Subgenius has 40,000 followers, but the real number of followers is not known.

The church's beliefs are said to be very complex. The church teaches that it was founded by a salesman named J. R. "Bob" Dobbs. In 1953 "Bob" was fixing his TV which he made, and the Space God JHVH-1 gave him knowledge of the past and future, and the idea of "Slack". The church teaches that there is a conspiracy to make humans work, so that they can't have "Slack". It says that its members are descended from Yetis. It also said that aliens would come to earth on 5 July 1998.

References

Other websites 
Church of the Subgenius Official Website

Cults
Terry Bradshaw

Terry Bradshaw is a former American athlete. He is also a sports presenter. He was born September 2, 1948 in Shreveport, Louisiana. Bradshaw is a former quarterback with the Pittsburgh Steelers in the National Football League, and a television and American football host. Over six years, he won four Super Bowl titles with Pittsburgh (1975, 1976, 1979 and 1980).  He went into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1989.

1948 births
Living people
Pittsburgh Steelers players
American football quarterbacks
Sportspeople from Louisiana
People from Shreveport, Louisiana
He is related to Cory J.Bylsma
Squid

thumb|right|A Caribbean reef squid 

Squid are cephalopods of the order Teuthida. They are the sister group to the octopods. Squid are carnivores, but they are also hunted as prey. The largest squid, the giant squid and colossal squid, are eaten by sperm whales and sleeper sharks. 

There are about 300 species of squid.

Characteristics 
Squid, like cuttlefish, have eight arms arranged in pairs, and two longer tentacles with suckers.

All squid have a mouth with a radula, and jet propulsion with the siphon from the mantle. The radulla is a scraping organ in the mouth that scrapes nutrients from food sources. 

Tentacles are used for locomotive power and capturing food sources. All squids are carnivores; they eat other animals, not plants. 

Like other cephalopoda, squid are intelligent animals. Squids have a head-like structure, with sense organs and brains in the front end. Although the squids lack exterior shells they have a vestigial shell inside, made of chitin.

The skin is covered in chromatophores, which enable the squid to change colour to suit its surroundings, making it effectively camouflaged. Controlled by the nervous system, the camouflage can change in 'real time'.

Locomotion 
Squids mainly rely on moving via jet propulsion, though deep sea squids may use their fins instead to save energy. A squid sucks in water through its mantle, than pushing it out through its siphon. Squids also have their gills inside the mantle to collect oxygen while moving.

Squid reproduction 
After a male and female mate, the female squid lays eggs. The eggs are laid inside an egg case. Since the squid is usually a part of a shoal, it is laid with many other egg cases from many other squids, and then anchored to the sea floor. Because of this, squid eggs are often (many times) found in clumps, and those clumps often look like a flower.

Often, the male will die a short time after mating, and the female will die once she has released her eggs. Because of this, squids usually lay eggs only once. Squids do not live very long. Although there are some long-lived species, most squids live for only one or two years.

Size

Most squid are no more than  long, although the giant squid may reach .

In 1978, sharp, curved claws on the suction cups of squid tentacles cut up the rubber coating on the hull of the USS Stein. The size suggested the largest squid known at the time.

In February 2007, a New Zealand fishing vessel caught a colossal squid weighing  and measuring around  off the coast of Antarctica. This specimen is the largest invertebrate ever found. Squid have the largest eyes in the animal kingdom.

Giant squid are featured in literature and folklore with a frightening connotation. The Kraken is a legendary tentacled monster possibly based on sightings of real giant squid.

References 

Cephalopods
Mimicry
Giant squid

The giant squid (Architeuthis dux) is a genus of deep-ocean dwelling squid. Giant squid can grow to a tremendous size: recent estimates put the maximum size at 12 metres (39 ft) or 13 metres (43 ft) for females and 10 metres (33 ft) for males from caudal fin to the tip of the two long tentacles.

There is a larger squid, known as the Colossal Squid.

Until 2005, nobody had ever seen a giant squid that was alive. Only dead giant squids had been found. On 30 September 2004, researchers from Japan took the first images of a live giant squid in its natural habitat. Several of the 556 photographs were released a year later. The same team successfully filmed a live adult giant squid for the first time on December 4, 2006.

There is no agreement as to how many species there are. The Kraken is also believed to be a giant squid,

History 
For many years, people would hear stories from fishermen about giant squids at sea. According to the stories, an enormous squid would wrap its arms around a whale, causing a terrible fight to start. Whalers said that sometimes, when they caught a whale, it would have scars as big as dinner plates on its body. Other times, when they cut open the stomach of some of their whales, they would find squid arms as long as 30 ft with suckers up to four inches wide. The whalers who told these stories either chopped up the squid parts to eat or use as bait, or they threw them back out to sea before scientists were ever able to examine them. However, in 1861, a French ship was able to bring back parts of a giant squid so scientists could study them.

Then, in the late 18th century, several giant squids washed up on shore, proving that giant squids really exist. After that, many giant squids were found washed ashore or dead at sea. Scientists grew very interested in these mysterious creatures, but few ever saw them alive. Scientists think they spend most of their time in deep, cold ocean.

In December 2005, the Melbourne Aquarium in Australia got the intact body of a giant squid, preserved in a giant block of ice. It had been caught by fishermen off the coast of New Zealand's South Island that year.

The number of known giant squid specimens was close to 600 in 2004, and new ones are reported each year.

References 

Cephalopods
Googol

Googol is the number 10100, or 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. It is also known as ten-duotrigintillion or ten thousand sexdecillion.

A 9-year-old Milton Sirotta, nephew of U.S. mathematician Edward Kasner, first used the word googol. Sirotta made this word in 1937, for the number represented by the numeral 1 followed by 100 zeros.He may have been inspired by the comic strip  character Barney Google.

The company Google was named after the number "googol."  Its creators originally called it BackRub because it used backlinks to tell how important each page was. Someone suggested "googolplex." They shortened it to "googol" and then spelled the word wrong when looking for a domain name that was not taken yet.

Related pages 
 Graham's number 
 Googolplex, which is 10googol

References

Integers
Super Bowl

The Super Bowl is a special American football game played every year to decide the winner of that National Football League (NFL) season. The best team from the National Football Conference plays the best team from the American Football Conference to win the Vince Lombardi Trophy, which was named after the first coach to win a Super Bowl. For most American football fans, it is a very special event.

Some people who do not like American football still watch it for the television advertisements and the half-time show. The TV advertisements during Super Bowl are the most expensive in the world in per second value. Because of the high cost of advertising, companies usually produce unique advertisements. As a result, watching advertisements has been a well publicized event in itself.

The Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots are the teams with the most Super Bowl Wins with six victories each. The San Francisco 49ers and Dallas Cowboys currently are tied for the second-most Super Bowl wins with five. The Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Houston Texans, and the Jacksonville Jaguars have never played in a Super Bowl. The New York Jets have not played in the Super Bowl since the American Football League (AFL) and the NFL joined together in 1970.

Champions

AFL-NFL World Championships

NFL Championships

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Official website of the Super Bowl
 America's Game  - America's Game: The Super Bowl Champions, an NFL Films documentary of all Super Bowl winning teams
 

 
Sports in the United States
We Will Rock You

"We Will Rock You" is a song by the band Queen. It is one of their most famous songs. It is used at a lot of sports events. The main song has the band stamping their feet twice, and clapping once. At the end, a short guitar part is played.

Musicians:
 Freddie Mercury - lead and backing vocals, handclaps, footstamps
 Brian May - electric guitar, backing vocals, handclaps, footstamps
 Roger Taylor - backing vocals, handclaps, footstamps
 John Deacon - handclaps, footstamps

Queen (band) songs
1977 songs
Arena rock songs
John Farnham songs
Five (group) songs
Warrant songs
Lagos

Lagos is the second largest city in Africa and the most populous city in Nigeria and in West Africa. There are about 12.5 million to 18 million people living in Lagos, which makes it one of the biggest cities in Africa. Lagos is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean. The city is made of several local government areas. Some of these areas are Somolu Koshofe, Ifelodun, Surulere, Agege, Ikeja, Ikorodu, Ajegunle, Oshodi, and Maryland.

Each Local government area has a presence of the central government with the establishment of general hospital, judiciary and police stations.

Lagos was the capital of Nigeria until 1992, when the capital became Abuja. Lagos is still the commercial capital of Nigeria and a gateway to West Africa. Lagos is made up of different islands like Victoria island, Banana island, Snake island, and the mainland.

Notes

References 

Former national capitals
 

15th-century establishments in Africa
Infinitive

The infinitive is a verb form. It has no person, number, mood, or tense.

The infinitive in English 
In English, there are two main forms of the infinitive:

 the full infinitive (to-infinitive) has the word to at the beginning. For example: I want to run 
 the bare infinitive does not have the word to. For example: I must go.

After a modal verb you must use an infinitive. For example, I must go, he must go (he must goes is not correct)

To express time relationships, here are 8 types of infinitives:
 
 simple infinitive, for example, to write
 continuous infinitive, for example, to be writing
 perfect infinitive, for example, to have written
 perfect continuous infinitive, for example, to have been writing
 passive simple infinitive, for example, to be written
 passive continuous infinitive, for example, to be being writting
 passive perfect infinitive, for example, to have been written
 passive perfect continuous infinitive, for example, to have been being written

The infinitive in other languages 
 In German, the infinitives end with -en, -eln or -ern. There are 2 exceptions -  (to be) and  (to do). 

In Esperanto, the infinitives end with -i, for example  (to sleep)

References 

Grammar
Elvis Stojko

Elvis Stojko (born March 22, 1972 in Newmarket, Ontario ) is a Canadian figure skater.  He was world champion three times, and Canadian champion seven times.

Stojko was named after Elvis Presley, and sometimes skates to Presley's music.  He grew up in Richmond Hill, Ontario.  He started skating when he was four years old.  He also became a black belt in karate (which has influenced some of his skating).  Stojko was the first person to do a quadruple-triple jump combination.  He became known for his athletic ability.

Today he is a professional skater, and also competes in karate.

Amateur competitions

World Championships:  first place in 1994, 1995, and 1997.
Olympics:  silver in both 1994 and 1998.
Canadian Championships:  first place in 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2002.

Other websites 
Elvis Stojko: Heart of Gold

References

Sportspeople from Ontario
Canadian figure skaters
1972 births
Living people
Album

An album is a collection of sound recordings. It is usually made by a musician, and is sold in stores. Albums were originally a collection of gramophone records, each having one or two songs. Today an album is usually in the form of a compact disc, although many artists also release their albums on vinyl records.

LP or Album in digital format in the 21st century it is increasingly normal to release music.

Types of albums 
There are two main types of albums, studio albums and live albums. Studio albums are recorded at a recording studio. Live albums are normally recorded while the musicians are performing for an audience. Live albums are usually recorded at concerts. 

Other types of albums include:
 Compilation album: Compilation albums are usually made of songs that first came from many different albums. These songs can all be from the same musicians (often called "Greatest Hits" albums) or they can each be from different musicians.
 Debut album: the first album from a musician or musical group.
 Solo album - A solo album is an album by a single musician. This often happens when a singer or musician who is a part of a band creates an album without the rest of the band. It may also happen when the person leaves the band and starts performing alone. For example, most of Beyoncé's albums after she stopped performing with Destiny's Child are solo albums.  
 Tribute album: Tribute albums or "cover albums" are albums where a second group or musician plays songs which were first played by another, often more famous, group or musician.  The second group is usually called a "Tribute band" when most or all of the music they play is from another band.  For example, a Slipknot tribute band would mostly play songs that were written and played by the band Slipknot.
Live album: Live albums are made from songs that are performed live, such as during tour.

Tracks 
Albums are normally separated into Tracks. Each track is a part of the album which has one song in it. The term is often used to mean a specific song on the album by number. For example, the "fourth track" or "track four" from an album is the fourth song on the album when it is played from the beginning.

Related pages
 Extended play
 Single (music)
Baker Island

Baker Island is a small coral island, or atoll, in the North Pacific Ocean. It is just above the equator. It belongs to the United States. The United States Department of the Interior is in charge of the island. It is called the Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge. 

The island has no trees. The island is surrounded by a coral reef. This makes the atoll hard to approach in a boat.

Gallery

Related pages
 List of uninhabited regions

References

Other websites 

 Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge 

Atolls
United States Minor Outlying Islands
Pacific islands
Islands of Oceania
Uninhabited regions
Hermaphrodite

Hermaphrodite is a term which comes from Hermaphroditus, the son of Hermes and Aphrodite. It is used as a scientific term in biology.

In zoology, an animal which can produce both sperm and ova is  a hermaphrodite. As an example, most earthworms are hermaphrodites. A simultaneous hermaphrodite has both sets of sex organs throughout life. A sequential hermaphrodite has ovaries at first, replaced by a testis later, or the other way round.

In botany, hermaphrodite is used for 'complete' flowers with both male and female parts, and for plants which have bisexual reproductive units. See flowering plant sexuality for details.

With people, the term hermaphrodite is not correct, because true functioning hermaphrodites are not possible in humans. What sometimes happens is errors in development which lead to intersex persons. A definition of intersex is :
"... individuals of a bisexual species that have characteristics intermediate between the male and female".

People who are intersex may have a very small penis and no testicles, or a very small and short vagina and a large clitoris that looks like a penis.

References 

Biology
Sexuality
Epididymis

The epididymis is the part of the human male reproductive system. It is the tube that holds the testicles in place. It stretches from the back of each testicle to the van deferens.

Parts 
The dinges is made up of three parts:
 The head (Caput)
 The body (Corpus) 
 The tail (Cauda)

Uses 
Sperm made in the testis go into the head (caput) of the epididymis, go through the body (corpus) and stop at the tail (cauda), where they are stored. When sperm are first made and travel to the head, they are not yet ready to be ejaculated. They cannot swim or fertilize an egg. By the time they reach the tail, the sperm can fertilize an egg. The sperm are transferred to the Seminal visicle through the vas deferens. The sperm can not swim yet, so muscle contractions push the sperm to the seminal vesicle where final development is finished. .  

When the sperm are ejaculated, they move through the tail of the epididymis. There are so many sperm that they cannot swim, but use peristalsis from muscles in the vas deferens.

Disease 
An injury or infection of the epididymis causes epididymitis, a painful condition that can take months to heal. Sometimes the testicle has to be removed. There does not seem to be any single cause, or treatment for this condition. Some doctors treat it with antibiotics, some take a "wait and see" attitude. At times just one testicle is affected and at others, both.

Removal 
Sometimes males get their epididymis removed either as a form of birth control or for other reasons (such as for post-vasectomy pain syndrome) in a surgery known as an epididymectomy.

Pictures

References 

Anatomy of the male reproductive system
1810s

The 1810s was the decade that began on January 1, 1810 and ended on December 31, 1819.

Events 

 The War of 1812 between Great Britain and the United States.
 Napoleon defeated at Waterloo in Belgium. (1815)
 Denmark lets Norway go; Norway declares independence.
 Congress of Vienna changes Europe.
 Volcano Mount Tambora explodes in the Dutch East Indies (1815)
 Year without a Summer (1816)

Births 
 James Strang, Mormon. (1813)
 John A. Macdonald, first prime minister of Canada (1815)
 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American women's rights activist (1815)
 Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States
 Frederick Douglass, writer. (1818)

World leaders 
 Emperor Francis II (Austria)
 Chancellor Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (Austria)
 King Frederick William III of Prussia (Prussia)
 Jiaqing Emperor (China)
 Emperor Napoleon I (First French Empire)
 King Louis XVIII (Restoration France)
 Pope Pius VII
 Emperor Alexander I (Russia)
 King Ferdinand VII (Spain)
 King George III (United Kingdom).
 President James Madison (United States)
 President James Monroe (United States)
 Fath Ali Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)

Deaths 
 Paul Revere, silversmith. (1818)
 Jemima Wilkinson, preacher. (1819)
Mammary gland

Mammary glands are the part of the female body designed for the making milk for baby mammals to drink. In humans they are in the breasts. In cows and goats they are called udders.

Integumentary system
Glands
Breasts
Kurt Browning

Kurt Browning (born June 18, 1966 in Rocky Mountain House, Alberta) is a Canadian figure skater. He won four world championships and four Canadian championships.

Browning did the first ever quadruple jump (four turns) in competition. He is well known for his footwork. As a professional, he has skated for Stars on Ice and Tom Collins Tour of Champions, won several professional championships, and did some T.V. skating specials. He has also talked during skating events on T.V. He has helped the charity Muscular Dystrophy.

Browning was raised in Caroline, Alberta. He married a dancer with the National Ballet of Canada, Sonia Rodriguez, in 1996. They have a son Gabriel, born in 2003.

Amateur Competitions 
 World Championships: came first in 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1993
 Winter Olympics: 1988 - 8th, 1992 - 6th, 1994 - 5th
 Canadian Championships: came first in 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1993

1966 births
Living people
Canadian figure skaters
Rapid City, South Dakota

Rapid City is the second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in the western part of the state on the eastern edge of the Black Hills. Rapid City is the county seat of Pennington County.

It is a good starting point for the area around it, which is a tourist area. Local tourist sites include Mount Rushmore, the Black Hills, the Badlands, and Custer State Park.

Other websites 
 Rapid City government website

County seats in South Dakota
Cities in South Dakota
Year without a Summer

The Year without a Summer was 1816.  The year before that, in 1815, a volcano had erupted in the Dutch East Indies.  The volcano's name was Mount Tambora.  The volcanic ash from the eruption spread across the world.  It darkened the sky, and made the Earth's surface colder.  

In much of Europe and northern North America, summer never came. In New England and Germany, there were frozen lakes in the middle of June.  Flowers never bloomed, and every day was cold. These places and China suffered famine.

1816
Weather by year
Capitol building

A capitol building (or just capitol) is a building in a capital city.  People who control government work there to make laws.  The building may have many offices.  

Some offices are for legislators, the people who make the laws.  

Some offices are for people who enforce laws, for example a president or governor.  These people lead all people, and help them obey the laws.

Sometimes, there are offices for judges, people who help all people understand the laws. These judges are very powerful.  A group of these judges can be called a supreme court or superior court.

Buildings similar to capitols are in other places.  A smaller government like one in a county can be in a court house.  A city government can be in a city hall.

Government buildings
Administrative buildings

pl:Kapitol
Dissolve

The word dissolve can mean:

 In chemistry, it is the act of solvation, when a solid is mixed into a liquid, creating a  solution. Mixing salt into water is an example.  Upon evaporation, the dissolved parts usually come out of solution and reform the solid.
 In film and video editing, it is one way of changing the view. For example, a scene fades (changes slowly) from a bright day to all black.
Jersey City, New Jersey

Jersey City is a city in Hudson County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is just across the Hudson River from New York City.

County seats in New Jersey
San Jose, California

San Jose (officially San José) is a city in Santa Clara County, California in the United States. 

It is the third biggest city in California, after Los Angeles and San Diego. It is the 12th biggest city in the United States. It is south of San Francisco. The city has 1,000,000 people. It has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb in the Koeppen climate classification).

By the 1990s, San Jose and the rest of Silicon Valley had become the global center for high tech and internet industries, making it California's fastest-growing economy. It has very high home prices and is one of the most expensive places to live in the United States.

San Jose is home to San José State University as well as the hockey team San Jose Sharks.

References

Other websites 

 City of San Jose Web site

 
County seats in California
Venus, Texas

Venus, Texas is a town in the United States. Around 4,361 people lived there (about 2,860 males and 1,500 females) in 2020.

References 

Cities in Texas
Evergreen, Colorado

Evergreen, Colorado is a community in the United States, about 30 miles from Denver, Colorado.

Cities in Colorado
Toller Cranston

Toller Cranston (April 20, 1949 – January 24, 2015) was a Canadian figure skater.

Early life and career 
Cranston was born in Hamilton, Ontario. He grew up in Kirkland Lake, Ontario.  He was Canadian champion six times, and, despite never coming higher than third at a world championship, he came first in the free skate four times. He was well-respected for his artistic ability, and is recognized as someone who brought a new level of artistry to men's figure skating.

Professional career 
He skated as a professional for many years, choreographed (designed movement patterns for) skating routines, and was a commentator (talked about events) on T.V. during skating events. Many people don't realize that Toller was also an extremely successful and talented fine art painter. He funded his career off the sale of his artworks, and continued to paint ferociously until the end of his days.

Retirement and death 
After his retirement, Cranston lived in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico. He was found dead at his home in San Miguel de Allende on the morning of January 24, 2015. He was 65 years old. His cause of death was later said to be a heart attack.

Amateur competitions
World Championships:  third in 1974
Olympics:  bronze medal in 1976
Canadian Championships:  first in 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, and 1976

References

Other websites
Toller Cranston  official site

 

1949 births
2015 deaths
Bisexual people
Canadian figure skaters
Canadian LGBT people
Canadian Olympic bronze medalists
Canadian painters
Deaths from myocardial infarction
LGBT choreographers
LGBT Olympians
People from Hamilton
Sportspeople from Ontario
Montreal Canadiens

The Montreal Canadiens are an ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL).  Their nickname is the "Habs" (short for the French "Habitants", early settlers in Quebec from France).  They have won the Stanley Cup championship 24 times, more than any other team.

History 
The Canadiens (who use the French spelling of "Canadian") were formed in 1909, as part of the National Hockey Association.

Early games 
They won their first Stanley Cup in 1916, with star players such as Edouard "Newsy" Lalonde and goaltender Georges Vezina.  The Canadiens joined the NHL in 1917; Canadien Joe Malone won the first NHL scoring title (Art Ross Trophy).  They won the Cup again in 1924, with players such as Billy Boucher. Howie Morenz was a big star in the early years of the NHL.  He was a great skater.  Morenz won the Hart Trophy, as the league's top player, three times.  Goalie George Hainsworth played at the same time, and along with others such as Aurel Joliat, they won the Stanley Cup in 1930 and 1931.

It took 13 years before they won the Cup again.  A young Maurice "The Rocket" Richard, star goalie Bill Durnan,Hector "Toe" Blake, and Elmer Lach led the Canadiens to the cup again in 1944, as well as 1946.  Richard scored 50 goals in a 50-game season in 1944-45.  No one did that again for 36 years.  He led the NHL in goals five times.

Later games 

The Canadiens became a very powerful team in the 1950s.  Led by legendary center Jean Beliveau, Doug Harvey (who won seven Norris Trophies as best defence, six on Montreal), Bernie "Boom Boom" Geoffrion, Dickie Moore, Jacques Plante (who won seven Vezina Trophies for goalies), and Richard (along with his younger brother, Henri, the "Pocket Rocket"), the team won the Cup in 1953, and five times in a row, 1956 through 1960.  They won again in 1965, 1966, 1968, and 1969.

New members 
New players led the team in the 1970s:  Guy Lafleur, Ken Dryden, Bob Gainey, Larry Robinson, and Yvon Cournoyer led them to the cup in 1971, 1973, and four times in a row, 1976 through 1979.  By 1979, they had won the Stanley Cup 16 times in 27 years.

Related pages
List of Montreal Canadiens players

References 

Notes

Other websites
Official website

1909 establishments in Canada
 
National Hockey League teams
Hockey

Hockey is a type of sport in which players try to get points by hitting an object into the other team's goal with a stick. Others believe hockey came from the French word “hoquet” which means shepherd's stick. James Creighton, an engineer who learned how to play the game of hockey while living in Nova Scotia, is credited for bringing the game to a new level. He taught his friends at McGill University in Montreal how to play the game.

Types
There are three main ways that hockey is played.

Field hockey is played with a ball on grass or turf. there are eleven players in each team . Field hockey is usually played outdoors, but there is indoor field hockey. Field hockey is played in the Summer Olympic Games.
Ice hockey is played on ice. Players on each team wear ice skates. They try to hit a small rubber disc called a hockey puck into the other team's goal. There are up to 6 players on the ice at a time for each team. It can be played indoors or outdoors. Professionals play indoors in arenas. Ice hockey is one of the most popular sports in the world. It is played in the Winter Olympic GamesThe modern game was invented in the mid-1850´s by British soldiers based in Canada. Rules were set by students at McGill University in Montréal, Canada, in 1879, and many amateur clubs and leagues were organized in Canada by the late 1880s. The first game played in the USA is believed to have been in 1893.
Roller hockey is played on a roller hockey rink, usually inside. Players on each team wear roller skates. They try to hit a small plastic disk called a hockey puck into the other team's goal. There are 5 players on each team. There is no contact.

History
Evidence exists that shows ancient Aztecs, Greeks and Romans played similar forms of the game. The modern game of field hockey came to fruition in the mid-19th century in Great Britain. The British army brought the game to its colonies, and the first international competition took place in 1895.

Equipment you might need
A hockey glove,
A hockey stick,
A gum shield,
Shin pads,
Astro trainers[give more grip]
Tyresta National Park

Tyresta National Park is a small national park in Sweden. It only has about 50 square kilometers (or 19 square miles) of land. It is located near the capital city of Stockholm. A large fire burned almost 10 percent of the park in 1999, but the animals and plants have come back and are now doing fine.

Other websites 
Tyresta National Park and Nature Reserve 

National parks in Europe
Geography of Sweden
St. Basil's Cathedral

St. Basil's Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Intercession, is a very famous cathedral in Moscow, Russia. It is officially known as the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat, or Pokrovsky Cathedral. It was commissioned by Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible), for Saint Basil the Blessed. It is in the area called Red Square. It was built in 1555-1561.

The cathedral is has eight distinctive onion-shaped towers. The building itself is made up of separate chapels. There is a ninth spire in the middle, forming an eight-point star.

The cathedral has been close to destruction many times. Napoleon Bonaparte decided to take it to Paris, but such an undertaking would have been impossible. Instead, he ordered it to be demolished. Explosives were lit, but torrential rain suddenly started, extinguishing the fuses. 

Joseph Stalin also ordered it to be destroyed, since it interfered with parades.  Pyotr Baranovsky, who was the architect in charge, objected and was sent to the GULAG but the demolition was cancelled.  The city of Moscow also caught fire numerous times, and the cathedral wasn't spared. Even so, it still stands to this very day.

Cathedrals
Buildings and structures in Moscow
Newport, Wales

Newport is a city in the southeast of Wales, Great Britain.  It is in the county of Monmouthshire, and in the historic Welsh kingdom of Gwent. Its name in Welsh is Casnewydd. It is the third biggest city in Wales. Newport became a city in 2002. About 140,000 people live in Newport.

A few years ago, Newport had lots of people working in the steel factory and other heavy industries. This has changed, now many people work in electronics, such as making computers, phones and microchips.

Cities in Wales
Monmouthshire
2002 establishments in the United Kingdom
2000s establishments in Wales
Monmouthshire

Monmouthshire is a county in Wales in the west of Great Britain. From the end of the Middle Ages until the year 1974 Monmouthshire was a part of England for some things and a part of Wales for other things. Then in 1972 Parliament decided that it was going to be in Wales from 1974 onwards.

The chief town in the area is Newport. Other important towns are Cwmbran, where the county council meets, Monmouth, the county town and Abergavenny.
Death grunt

A death grunt is when a singer uses a scream which is very low and deep. It is used in many types of music, but usually death metal and black metal. In many people's opinions, it is hard to understand the death grunt. However, some people who listen to them a lot think they are not so hard to understand. Some people believe that death grunts in music sound "scary", so they do not like them.

Bands that use death growls include Necrophagist, Morbid Angel, Opeth, and many more.
Bands that use higher screams that come from the throat include Escape the Fate, Alesana and Greeley Estates.

Other terms for death grunts are death growls, harsh vocals, and unclean vocals.

References 

Singing
Clique

A clique is a small group of people who like the same things.  Sometimes, people use the word clique to talk about groups of young people.  The word is also used to talk about groups of adults, usually groups of politicians.

In a clique there are leaders and followers.  A clique may also have people they do not like. Such people are called outcasts. The outcasts were followers, then they were not liked.
 

Relationships
Social groups
Goth subculture

Goth can also mean a member of a Germanic tribe

A goth is a word usually used to describe a person who listens to gothic music and/or dresses in a goth style clothes. Goths often wear black and unusual jewelry. Both goth men and goth women often wear make-up.

The goth subculture originated in the early 1980s among fans of the first gothic rock group, Bauhaus.

The word goth comes from the word Gothic which actually means gloomy or dark.  This meaning of the word comes from gothic fiction, a type of literature popular during the late 18th and early 19th century. 

People who call themselves a goth are those who live up the meaning of the name through wearing clothes or putting on makeup that is in colours that represent death, decay, or gloominess, such as the colour black, deathly white face makeup, dark bloody red colours, or the tones of the colour puce.

Goth people may also make and listen to Goth music.

Goths wear normal black clothes and mix them with other colours to make a new look.

Goth people are often mistaken to be emo or punk because of the everyday stereotypes. 

Subculture