alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Hawqala

The Ḥawqala () or the La Hawla () is an Arabic term referring to the Arabic statement  () which is usually translated as "There is no power nor strength except by God." 

This expression is mentioned by a Muslim when seized by a calamity or in a situation beyond their control, usually when being oppressed or forcefully put through suffering. The English western equivalent expression is Oh my god or oh my (expletive) God or Jesus christ!  The word Ḥawqala is a portmanteau (or naḥt) of the words ḥawla and quwwata.

A longer version is  (), meaning "There is no power nor strength except by Allah the Lofty, the Great".

See also
 Basmala
 Tasbih
 Dhikr

References

Arabic words and phrases
Norah Baring

Norah Baring (26 November 1905 – 8 February 1985), born Nora Minnie Baker, was an English stage and film actress most famous on screen for portraying "Diana Baring" in the Alfred Hitchcock thriller Murder! (1930). She is also known for playing the female lead in Anthony Asquith's silent thriller A Cottage on Dartmoor (1929). Baring studied art prior to becoming an actress.

Filmography
 Underground (1928)
 Parisiennes (1928)
 The Celestial City (1929)
 The Runaway Princess (1929)
 A Cottage on Dartmoor (1929)
 Murder! (1930)
 Should a Doctor Tell? (1930)
 Two Worlds (1930)
 At the Villa Rose (1930)
 The Lyons Mail (1931)
 Strange Evidence (1933)
 The House of Trent (1933)
Little Stranger (1934)

References

External links

1905 births
1985 deaths
English film actresses
English silent film actresses
20th-century English actresses
Actresses from London
Jackson Local School District

Jackson Local Schools is a school district located in Jackson Township, Stark County, Ohio, United States.

The district includes: four elementary schools, one middle school and one high school. The district's mascot are the Polar Bears. U.S. News & World Report consistently ranks Jackson High School as one of the top 9-12 educational institutions in Ohio and among the top 6% in the country. BackgroundCheck.org ranked the Jackson Local School District the top district in Ohio.

Jackson Local Schools' superintendent is Chris DiLoreto who has held said position since August 2011.

Schools

Elementary schools (K-5)
 Amherst Elementary School
 Lake Cable Elementary School
 Sauder Elementary School
 Strausser Elementary School

Middle school (6-8)
 Jackson Memorial Middle School

High school (9-12)
 Jackson High School

Notes

External links
 Official Site

School districts in Stark County, Ohio
Seth M. Gates

Seth Merrill Gates (October 16, 1800 – August 24, 1877) was an American merchant, attorney and politician. He served as a member of the New York State Assembly and as a United States representative from the U.S. state of New York.

Early life
Gates was born in Winfield, New York, the son of Seth Gates and Abigail (Merrill) Gates. In 1806, he moved to Sheldon, New York, with his family. He attended the common schools and Middlebury Academy located in the village of Wyoming, New York, before working as a teacher.

Career 
He became inspector of the common schools, and in 1825, he served as the deputy sheriff of Le Roy, New York. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1827. He began the practice of law in Le Roy and served as supervisor of Le Roy in 1830.

In 1832, he served as a Whig member of the New York State Assembly. He declined to be a candidate for renomination. He was elected as an antislavery member of the twenty-sixth and twenty seventh U.S. Congresses, serving from March 4, 1839, to March 3, 1843. While in Congress, he drafted the protest signed by the Whigs in Congress against the Texas annexation. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection.

In 1843, he moved to Warsaw, New York, and continued the practice of law. He was also engaged in the lumber trade and a merchant. In 1848, on the Barnburners and Free Soil ticket, and in 1852, on the Free Democratic ticket, he was twice an unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant Governor of New York. Due to his pronounced hostility to slavery, a southern planter offered $500 for his apprehension. From 1851-1865, he was the secretary of the Wyoming County Insurance Company. In 1861, he was appointed postmaster at Warsaw, serving until 1870.

Death
Gates died on August 24, 1877, in Warsaw, and is interred in Warsaw Cemetery. His home, the Seth M. Gates House, at Warsaw, New York, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

References

External links
 
 
	
	

1800 births
1877 deaths
Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly
New York (state) Free Soilers
People from Warsaw, New York
People from Winfield (town), New York
Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
People from Le Roy, New York
People from Sheldon, New York
19th-century American politicians
Francisco J. Blanco

Francisco José Blanco is a chemist working on structural biology at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), in Madrid, Spain.  His research utilizes Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy to characterize protein structure and interactions relevant in cancer. Early in his career he worked in protein folding, describing the formation of β-hairpin structures in short linear peptides. He has co-authored 121 scientific publications that have been cited over 5000 times, with an h-index of 39.

References 

Spanish medical researchers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Louisville City School District

Louisville City School District is a public school district serving students in Louisville, Ohio, United States.  Serving over 1,000 students, the district is centered on the city of Louisville and includes most of the surrounding Nimishillen Township.

Schools

Elementary schools
Louisville Elementary School - newly constructed and opened in 2012, the new Louisville Elementary replaces the former Louisville Elementary School, Fairhope Elementary School, and Pleasant Grove Elementary School.
North Nimishillen Elementary School

Middle schools
Louisville Middle School - newly constructed and opened in 2004, this building replaces the former Louisville Middle School, built in 1924.

High schools
Louisville High School (Ohio) - originally built in 1964, this school has undergone numerous additions and renovations, in 1967, 2004, and 2011.
Rated by U.S. News & World Report with Silver medal for one of the Best High Schools in the nation for testing and college readiness

Former Schools
Fairhope Elementary School (closed and demolished in 2012)
Pleasant Grove Elementary School (closed and demolished in 2012)

State Report Card
2016-2017 Report Card

References

External links
 Official Site

School districts in Stark County, Ohio
Marlington Local School District

Marlington Local Schools is a school district located in Stark County, Ohio, United States.

There are five schools in the Marlington district: Washington Elementary School, Marlboro Elementary School, Lexington Elementary School, Marlington Middle School, and Marlington High School.
They have many sports teams such as football, basketball and wrestling. They have the Little Dukes for elementary students and Dukes for MMS (Marlington Middle School) and MHS (Marlington High School. Their Jersey is orange, black and white resembling Marlington colors. They have great teachers and staff. Some of their schools got into the hall of fame for schools.

External links
 Official Site

School districts in Stark County, Ohio
The Shyness Clinic

The Shyness Clinic is a clinic founded in the late 1970s by Dr. Philip Zimbardo at Stanford University. Its goal is to research cognitive traits in people with shyness and to offer treatment programs for those specific impairments. It was later moved to the community of Palo Alto, California. The clinic follows a "social fitness model", which encourages people to exercise socially.

References

 The Shy Break Free – Chicago Tribune
 Facing fears helps shyness, experts say
 Timidity troubles? (help for shy businesspeople) (Brief Article)

External links
 Official Website

Clinics in California
Shyness
Medical and health organizations based in California
Minerva Local School District

Minerva Local School District is a rural public school district serving students in the tri-county area between Columbiana, Carroll, and Stark counties,  and the village of Minerva, also a part of Paris township. The district is made up of 3 schools located along the bustling U.S. Route 30. 

 Minerva Elementary (K-5) 850 students
 Minerva Middle (6-8) 450 students
 Minerva High (9-12) 600 students 

11th and 12th grade students also have the chance to go to R. G. Drage Career Center.

References

External links
 Official Site

School districts in Stark County, Ohio
North Canton City School District

North Canton City School District is a public school district serving students in North Canton, Ohio, United States.

The district serves city of North Canton except for some small portions that are instead served by the Plain Local School District. However, this district also includes most of the southwestern quarter of Lake Township.

The district schools include an early childhood center serving preschool (Mary L Evens), two elementary schools serving grades K-2 (Clearmont, Northwood) and two intermediate schools serving grades 3–5 (Greentown, Orchard Hill). Students from grades 6-8 attend North Canton Middle School, and grades 9-12 are housed in Hoover High School.

The district's colors are orange and black, and the mascot is the Vikings (often shortened to "Vikes").

In 2023 two new schools are to open. North Canton Primary is to house all PK-2 students and North Canton Intermediate will house all 3-5 students. The 5 schools that will no longer be needed, will be demolished or used for other purposes.

References

External links
 Official Site

School districts in Stark County, Ohio
Northwest Local School District (Stark County)

Northwest Local Schools is a school district located in Stark County, Ohio. The district enrolls students from City of Canal Fulton, Village of Clinton (Summit County), Lawrence Township and Franklin Township.

Schools 

 Northwest Primary School (K-2)
 W.S. Stinson Upper Elementary School (3-5) 
 Northwest Middle School (6-8)
 Northwest High School (9-12)

External links
 District website

School districts in Stark County, Ohio
Osnaburg Local School District

Osnaburg Local School District (East Canton local schools) is a school district located in Stark County, Ohio, United States. It has around 880 students in Pre-K-12. There mascot is the hornets, and their colors are blue and gold

The distract has one building housing all Pre-K-12 students though they are split up between elementary, middle and high school.

East Canton high school is the districts only high school.

School districts in Stark County, Ohio
School districts in Ohio
List of places in Arizona (G)

This is a list of cities, towns, unincorporated communities, counties, and other places in the U.S. state of Arizona, which start with the letter G. This list is derived from the Geographic Names Information System, which has numerous errors, so it also includes many ghost towns and historical places that are not necessarily communities or actual populated places. This list also includes information on the number and names of counties in which the place lies, its lower and upper ZIP code bounds, if applicable, its U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reference number(s) (called the GNIS), class as designated by the USGS, and incorporated community located in (if applicable).



G

References
Ñuble Province (1974–2018)

Ñuble Province (, ) was one of the provinces of the Chilean region of Bío Bío (VIII). It used to span an area of  and it was administratively constituted by 21 communes. It has in 2017 a population of 441,604 inhabitants. Its capital was the city of Chillán. On the 6th of September of 2018, the province became the Ñuble Region.

History
The province was created in 1974 from the territory of the historical province of Ñuble. Two years later, the communes of Coelemu and Ránquil from Concepción Province, and the commune of Tucapel from Bío Bío Province, were added.
 
Following the 8.8 magnitude earthquake and tsunami, at least eight small communities and two towns were abandoned by residents, who took up makeshift camps in the hills, fearful of further tsunamis. Over 800 residences in the town of Quirihue were destroyed, leaving little for townspeople to return to.

In 2015 the Ñuble Region law which converts the Ñuble Province into a Region, was proposed. In August 2017 a law to create the new territorial division was promulgated by the President of the Republic in Chillán. It became operational on 6 September 2018.

Administration
As a province, Ñuble was a second-level administrative division of Chile, governed by a provincial governor who was appointed by the president.

Communes
The province used to comprise 21 communes, each governed by a municipality consisting of an elected alcalde and municipal council.

 Bulnes
 Cobquecura
 Coelemu
 Coihueco
 Chillán
 Chillán Viejo
 El Carmen
 Ninhue
 Ñiquén (San Gregorio de Ñiquén)
 Pemuco
 Pinto
 Portezuelo
 Quillón
 Quirihue
 Ránquil
 San Carlos
 San Fabián
 San Ignacio
 San Nicolás
 Treguaco
 Yungay

See also
 Ñuble Region

References 

 

Former provinces of Chile
Provinces of Biobío Region
List of places in Arizona (O)

This is a list of cities, towns, unincorporated communities, counties, and other places in the U.S. state of Arizona, which start with the letter O. This list is derived from the Geographic Names Information System, which has numerous errors, so it also includes many ghost towns and historical places that are not necessarily communities or actual populated places. This list also includes information on the number and names of counties in which the place lies, its lower and upper ZIP code bounds, if applicable, its U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reference number(s) (called the GNIS), class as designated by the USGS, and incorporated community located in (if applicable).



O

References
List of places in Arizona (S)

This is a list of cities, towns, unincorporated communities, counties, and other places in the U.S. state of Arizona, which start with the letter S. This list is derived from the Geographic Names Information System, which has numerous errors, so it also includes many ghost towns and historical places that are not necessarily communities or actual populated places. This list also includes information on the number and names of counties in which the place lies, its lower and upper ZIP code bounds, if applicable, its U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reference number(s) (called the GNIS), class as designated by the USGS, and incorporated community located in (if applicable).

S–Sa

Sc–Sh

Si–So

Sp–St

Su–Sz

Notes

References
List of places in Arizona (W–Z)

This is a list of cities, towns, unincorporated communities, counties, and other places in the U.S. state of Arizona, which start with the letters U or V. This list is derived from the Geographic Names Information System, which has numerous errors, so it also includes many ghost towns and historical places that are not necessarily communities or actual populated places. This list also includes information on the number and names of counties in which the place lies, its lower and upper ZIP code bounds, if applicable, its U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reference number(s) (called the GNIS), class as designated by the USGS, and incorporated community located in (if applicable).

W

Y

Z

References
Stark County Area Vocational School District

Stark County Area Vocational School District is a school district located in Stark County, Ohio, United States.  It operates the R.G. Drage Career Center located in Massillon, Ohio.

External links
 R.G. Drage Official Site

School districts in Stark County, Ohio
Stark County Educational Service Center

Stark County Educational Service Center is a school district located in Stark County, Ohio, United States.

External links
 Official Site

School districts in Stark County, Ohio
Sandy Valley Local School District

Sandy Valley Local Schools is a school district located in Stark County, Ohio, United States, despite that the schools are in Tuscarawas County. There are three schools, Sandy Valley Elementary, Sandy Valley Middle School and Sandy Valley High School. (SV is considered a Stark County district because the majority of area in the district falls within Stark County. The district also extends into Tuscarawas County (where the campus is located) and Carroll County)

The schools had been made up of East Sparta Elementary, Magnolia Elementary, Waynesburg Elementary, and the Sandy Valley High/Jr. High school. Magnolia housed grade Kindergarten-2nd, Waynesburg held grades 3 and 4. And lastly East Sparta held grades 5–6. The Jr.High/High school held grades 7–12.In 2008 the NEW Elementary was finished right off of route 183. They held a dedication in August and that same year grades Kindergarten-5 moved into the new school. While 6-12 grades stayed in the Old High school/Jr.High until January 20, 2009, when they had a ceremonial walk in 20 degree weather over to the new school—It was only about a parking lot distance away, a small one at that.-- Sandy Valley is home to THE CARDINALS and their colors are Red and gray but are sometimes accented with white. Their best sports consist of track, basketball, cross country, softball and wrestling. They often send runners and wrestlers to state level competition, and have also had success in tournament action with their softball team.

The former elementary schools were once the local high schools, prior to the creation of the Sandy Valley Local School District. Excellent historical information on the original buildings and district history is available from the Magnolia Historical Society or Pike Township Historical Society.

Current administration includes:

Board of Education:
President Scot Bowman (term ends Dec. 31, 2015)
Vice President Lynne Herstine (term ends Dec. 31, 2015)
Member Dennis Corsi (term ends Dec. 31, 2017)
Member Joe Wigfield (term ends Dec. 31, 2015)
Member Isaiah Winters (term ends Dec. 31, 2017)

Superintendent David Fischer
Treasurer Daryll Woolf
Operations Manager Doug Neading
Curriculum Director Patty Main
High School Principal Matt Whitted
Middle School Principal Melissa Kiehl
Elementary Principal Victor Johnson

External links
 Official Site

School districts in Stark County, Ohio
Tuslaw Local School District

Tuslaw Local Schools is a public school district located in Stark County, Ohio, United States and serves most of Tuscarawas Township, the southern half of Lawrence Township, and western portions of the City of Massillon.

The school district was formed in 1965, consolidating four rural districts Moffit, Beech Grove, North Lawrence, and Newman. Prior to the district's formation, students in these outlying areas would attend high school in Massillon. The Tuslaw School District was named for the two townships in which the district resides. Tuslaw High School was constructed one mile north of then US 30 Lincoln Highway (currently SR-172) along SR-93 in Tuscarawas, Township. The district maintained the original four district buildings as K-8, with high school students attending Tuslaw High School. The district was reconfigured over time as the district enrollment grew.

Voters passed a levy in 2002 to construct a new high school next to the original building, converting the old high school into a middle school. A new central elementary school was constructed in 2010 across from the new high school on SR-93, replacing the district's four small aging elementary school buildings.

External links
 Tuslaw Local School District

School districts in Stark County, Ohio
School districts established in 1965
Ñuble

Ñuble may refer to: 

 Ñuble Region, in Chile
 Ñuble River, in Ñuble Region in Chile
 Ñuble metro station, in Santiago

See also
 Ñuble Province (disambiguation)
 Ñublense, a Chilean football team
Rubidium fluoride

Rubidium fluoride (RbF) is the fluoride salt of rubidium. It is a cubic crystal with rock-salt structure.

There are several methods for synthesising rubidium fluoride. One involves reacting rubidium hydroxide with hydrofluoric acid:
RbOH + HF → RbF + H2O
Another method is to neutralize rubidium carbonate with hydrofluoric acid:
Rb2CO3 + 2HF → 2RbF + H2O + CO2
Another possible method is to react rubidium hydroxide with ammonium fluoride:
RbOH + NH4F → RbF + H2O + NH3
The least used method due to expense of rubidium metal is to react it directly with fluorine gas, as rubidium reacts violently with halogens:
2Rb + F2 → 2RbF

References

 

Rubidium compounds
Fluorides
Alkali metal fluorides
Rock salt crystal structure
Quadratic form (statistics)

In multivariate statistics, if  is a vector of  random variables, and  is an -dimensional symmetric matrix, then the scalar quantity  is known as a quadratic form in .

Expectation
It can be shown that

where  and  are the expected value and variance-covariance matrix of , respectively, and tr denotes the trace of a matrix. This result only depends on the existence of  and ; in particular, normality of  is not required.

A book treatment of the topic of quadratic forms in random variables is that of Mathai and Provost.

Proof 
Since the quadratic form is a scalar quantity, .

Next, by the cyclic property of the trace operator,

Since the trace operator is a linear combination of the components of the matrix, it therefore follows from the linearity of the expectation operator that

 

A standard property of variances then tells us that this is

 

Applying the cyclic property of the trace operator again, we get

Variance in the Gaussian case
In general, the variance of a quadratic form depends greatly on the distribution of . However, if  does follow a multivariate normal distribution, the variance of the quadratic form becomes particularly tractable. Assume for the moment that  is a symmetric matrix. Then,

.

In fact, this can be generalized to find the covariance between two quadratic forms on the same  (once again,  and  must both be symmetric):

.

In addition, a quadratic form such as this follows a generalized chi-squared distribution.

Computing the variance in the non-symmetric case
Some texts incorrectly state that the above variance or covariance results hold without requiring  to be symmetric. The case for general  can be derived by noting that

so

is a quadratic form in the symmetric matrix , so the mean and variance expressions are the same, provided  is replaced by  therein.

Examples of quadratic forms
In the setting where one has a set of observations  and an operator matrix , then the  residual sum of squares can be written as a quadratic form in :

For procedures where the matrix  is symmetric and idempotent, and the errors are Gaussian with covariance matrix ,  has a chi-squared distribution with  degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter , where

may be found by matching the first two central moments of a noncentral chi-squared random variable to the expressions given in the first two sections. If  estimates  with no bias, then the noncentrality  is zero and  follows a central chi-squared distribution.

See also
Quadratic form
Covariance matrix
Matrix representation of conic sections

References 

Statistical theory
Quadratic forms
Gypsy tart

A gypsy tart is a type of tart made with evaporated milk, muscovado (though some varieties include light brown sugar), and pastry. It originates from the Isle of Sheppey in the county of Kent.

The tart is extremely sweet and is, for many people, associated with school dinners. Although most will know the version of gypsy tart made with evaporated milk, it can also be made with condensed milk in place of evaporated milk. This makes a firmer and even sweeter tart, with a darker colour. A legend says that a woman invented the tart to feed hungry gypsy children.

References

Tarts
British desserts
English cuisine
British pies
History of Kent
Isle of Sheppey
FBAR

FBAR may refer to:

Thin film bulk acoustic resonator
Department of the Treasury Form 90-22.1 Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts
Unemployment Convention, 1919

Unemployment Convention, 1919 is  an International Labour Organization Convention.

It was established in 1919:
Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the "question of preventing or providing against unemployment",...

Ratifications
As of 2013, the convention had been ratified by 57 states. Of the ratifying states, three have subsequently denounced the treaty.

External links
Text.
Ratifications and denunciations.

Unemployment
International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties concluded in 1919
Treaties entered into force in 1921
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of Australia
Treaties of the First Austrian Republic
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Treaties of the Central African Republic
Treaties of Chile
Treaties of Colombia
Treaties of Cyprus
Treaties of Denmark
Treaties of Djibouti
Treaties of Ecuador
Treaties of the Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)
Treaties of Estonia
Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire
Treaties of Finland
Treaties of the French Third Republic
Treaties of the Weimar Republic
Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece
Treaties of Guyana
Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)
Treaties of Iceland
Treaties of the Irish Free State
Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Treaties of the Empire of Japan
Treaties of Kenya
Treaties of Luxembourg
Treaties of North Macedonia
Treaties of Malta
Treaties of Mauritius
Treaties of Morocco
Treaties of Myanmar
Treaties of the Netherlands
Treaties of New Zealand
Treaties of Nicaragua
Treaties of Norway
Treaties of Papua New Guinea
Treaties of the Second Polish Republic
Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania
Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
Treaties of Seychelles
Treaties of Slovenia
Treaties of the Union of South Africa
Treaties of Spain under the Restoration
Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)
Treaties of Sweden
Treaties of Switzerland
Treaties of the United Arab Republic
Treaties of Turkey
Treaties of Ukraine
Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
Treaties of Venezuela
Treaties of Montenegro
Treaties of South Korea
Treaties extended to the Territory of Papua and New Guinea
Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas
Treaties extended to Gibraltar
Treaties extended to Guernsey
Treaties extended to British Guiana
Treaties extended to Jersey
Treaties extended to British Kenya
Treaties extended to Basutoland
Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
Treaties extended to British Mauritius
Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Seychelles
Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Singapore
Treaties extended to Swaziland (protectorate)
Treaties extended to Northern Rhodesia
Treaties extended to Curaçao and Dependencies
1919 in labor relations
Micaela O'Herlihy

Micaela O'Herlihy is a multimedia artist best known for her short experimental film A Thunderperfect Mind which premiered at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival.

Micaela paints and draws on paper, cloth and film. She works in sound, paint, paper, trash, 16 and 8 mm film, burlap, DV and cardboard. She ventured into film when she realized she was constantly trying to make her paintings move. Her sole collaborator is her son Thurman Fionn.

In 1999 she received a BFA in painting from San Francisco Art Institute and in 2003 an MFA in film from University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Her recent day jobs have included adjunct professor, translator for people with severe speech impediments, farm laborer, urology technician, and paranormal videographer.

Her grandfather is Academy Award-nominated actor Dan O'Herlihy (of RoboCop and Twin Peaks), and her siblings are Colin O'Herlihy and Eilis O'Herlihy. Andrew Martinez (aka The Naked Guy) was O'Herlihy's first boyfriend.

She now lives near Viroqua, Wisconsin, and is teaching an unstill life class at the Youth Initiative High School.

Recent film screenings
Periwinkle Cinema San Francisco 2011
Grand Arts Missouri 2007
Ann Arbor Film Festival Tour Nationwide 2004
Sundance Film Festival Utah 2004
Consolidated Works Seattle 2003
Women in the Directors Chair Chicago 2003
Echo Park Film Center Los Angeles 2002

Notes

External links
 
 Anarchocinemalista

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Scott Allen (figure skater)

Scott Ethan "Scotty" Allen (born February 8, 1949) is a retired American figure skater. He is the 1964 Olympic bronze medalist, the 1965 world silver medalist, and the 1964 and 1966 U.S. national champion.

The son of Swedish figure skating champion Sonja Fuhrman, Allen made his national debut at the age of nine, winning the silver medal in the novice division at the 1959 U.S. Championships. At that time he was the youngest competitor ever to skate in the Championships.

He won the bronze medal at the 1964 Winter Olympics two days before his 15th birthday, becoming the youngest medalist at the Winter Olympics. He still holds the record for the youngest male medalist and the youngest individual medalist.

He represented the Skating Club of New York in competition. After retiring from competitions Allen attended Harvard University, graduating in 1971, and then Columbia Business School. He worked for more than 30 years at his stepfather's clothing company, Corbin Ltd., eventually becoming its vice-president of research and development. As of early 2014, he resides in New York City.

Competitive highlights

References

1949 births
American male single skaters
Harvard University alumni
Figure skaters at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in figure skating
Living people
Sportspeople from Newark, New Jersey
Olympic medalists in figure skating
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Columbia Business School alumni
Thomas Litz

Thomas Litz (born March 14, 1945) is a retired American figure skater. He won the gold medal at the 1963 U.S. Figure Skating Championships and placed sixth at the 1964 Winter Olympics.  Litz is credited as being the first skater to land the triple toe loop jump, a feat he accomplished at the 1964 World Figure Skating Championships.

Litz had to withdraw from the 1963 World Figure Skating Championships because of a sprained ankle. He coaches figure skating in Lake Placid, New York.

Results

References

External links

1945 births
Living people
20th-century American people
21st-century American people
American male single skaters
Figure skaters at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters for the United States
Republican National Coalition for Life

The Republican National Coalition for Life (RNCL), often stylized as RNC/Life, is an organization formed to maintain the commitment of the Republican Party of the United States to anti-abortion principles. Its current executive director is Colleen Parro.

History
RNC/Life was founded by Phyllis Schlafly in the autumn of 1990 after two groups, Republicans for Choice and National Republican Coalition for Choice, publicly announced their intention to provoke a floor fight at the 1992 Republican National Convention in Houston, Texas in order to remove the anti-abortion plank from the convention platform.

The Republican Party has been the anti-abortion national political party since a resolution in support of efforts to secure a Human Life Amendment to the United States Constitution was adopted at the 1976 Republican National Convention, following the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision.

See also
Democrats for Life of America
Libertarians for Life
Republican Majority for Choice
United States anti-abortion movement

External links
Official website

Anti-abortion organizations in the United States
Life
Organizations established in 1990
Imperial overstretch

Imperial overstretch, also known as Imperial overreach, describes the situation in which an empire extends itself beyond its military-economic capabilities and often collapses as a result. The idea was popularised by Yale University historian Paul Kennedy in his 1987 book The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers.

Arguably, this was true of the Roman Empire, which was strong and effective in the first and early second centuries CE, despite a few setbacks (Germany in 9CE; Scotland in the 80s CE) but lost territories after that (e.g. Dacia and Mesopotamia) and could not keep the Saxons, Huns and other "barbarians" out in the 4th and 5th centuries. Clearly, this was also true of the Napoleonic Empire, which made rapid gains by conquest in the first decade after Napoleon became emperor of France, but became over-extended militarily when it attempted to conquer Russia in 1812. Likewise the principle three Axis powers all overextended themselves during World War II:  Nazi Germany, waging war since 1939 in Western and Eastern Europe, was encircled, invaded, and fell in 1945; Imperial Japan led a total war in China and the Pacific Ocean; and fascist Italy, opening in 1940 simultaneous fronts in Africa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean, suffered setbacks and fell in 1943.

Paul Kennedy's view has been criticised from many directions, including by the postmodern historiographer Hayden White, economic historian Niall Ferguson and Marxist writers such as Perry Anderson and Alex Callinicos.

See also 
 Societal collapse

References 

Political terminology
Olette

Olette (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

Geography 
Olette is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades. Olette-Canaveilles-les-Bains station has rail connections to Villefranche-de-Conflent and Latour-de-Carol.

Demography

See also
Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department
Saint-André d'Évol Church

References

Communes of Pyrénées-Orientales
Plus Beaux Villages de France
Akademik Mstislav Keldysh

The R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh () is a 6,240 ton Russian scientific research vessel. It has made over 50 voyages, and is best known as the support vessel of the Mir submersibles. The vessel is owned by the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, and is homeported in Kaliningrad on the Baltic Sea. Named after the Soviet mathematician Mstislav Keldysh, it usually has 90 people on board (45 crew members, 20 or more pilots, engineers and technicians, 10 to 12 scientists and about 12 passengers). Among its facilities are 17 laboratories and a library.

The ship was built in Rauma, Finland by Hollming Oy for the USSR Academy of Sciences (now the Russian Academy of Science).  Construction of the vessel was completed on 28 December 1980.

It started operations on 15 March 1981 for the Soviet Union. The Mir submersibles were added to her equipment in 1987.

Keldysh was involved in the search for Soviet submarine K-278 Komsomolets, lost off the northeastern coast of Norway in 1989 after fire broke out on board. In addition to its nuclear reactor's core material, the submarine was carrying two nuclear torpedoes. Concern over the potential effects of the high-energy nuclear material on the rich fishing areas in which it lay prompted an effort to locate the sub's wreckage and ascertain its condition. Two months after the sinking, Keldysh located the wreckage of K-278 in June 1989 and Soviet governmental representatives labeled the risk of leaks to be "insignificant". Nevertheless, Keldysh mounted two expeditions to the wreck of K-278 (1994 and 1996) to seal fractures in the  sub's hull.

The Keldysh has made expeditions to two famous wrecks, the British liner Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck. Filmmaker James Cameron led three of those expeditions: two to the Titanic, in 1996 (for his film Titanic, which featured the Keldysh in present-day scenes) and 2001 (for his 2003 documentary film Ghosts of the Abyss), and one to the Bismarck in 2002 (for the Discovery Channel special Expedition: Bismarck). Cameron also led an expedition from the Keldysh for his 2005 documentary Aliens of the Deep. The Keldysh also provided its significant deep diving submersibles MIR 1 and MIR 2 for the expedition in 1998 to film the expected recovery of gold from the World War II Japanese submarine I-52.  Although 14 dives were made on the wreck, at a depth of over , no gold was recovered.  A National Geographic crew consisting of director Mark Stouffer and director of photography Bill Mills and six others filmed the search for a National Geographic Special entitled Search for the Submarine I-52.

References

External links
Deep Ocean Expeditions
KBismarck.com - The Wreck of the Bismarck
NOAA Ocean Explorer Keldysh
 Technical data 
Photographs of the ship

Research vessels of Russia
Research vessels of the Soviet Union
Finland–Soviet Union relations
Ships built in Rauma, Finland
1980 ships
Ribera

Ribera is a Spanish word that translates into "the basin of a river", and may refer to:

Locations
 Ribera, Agrigento, a comune in the province of Agrigento, Sicily, Italy
 Ribera, Costa Rica, a former port on Aranjuez River
 Ribera Alta, Álava, a municipality in the province of Álava, Basque Country, Spain
 Ribera Alta (comarca), a comarca in the province of Valencia, Spain
 Ribera Baixa, a comarca in the province of Valencia, Spain
 Ribera Baja, the Spanish name of the municipality of Ribera Baja/Erribera Beitia in the province of Álava, Basque Country, Spain
 La Ribera, a municipality in the Principality of Asturias, Spain
 Ribera del Duero, a wine-producing region and Denominación de Origen in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain
 Ribera d'Ebre, a comarca in Catalonia, Spain
Ribera del Fresno, a municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
Ribera d'Ondara, a municipality in the comarca of the Segarra, Catalonia, Spain
Ribera d'Urgellet, a municipality in the comarca of the Alt Urgell, Catalonia, Spain
Ribera, New Mexico, a small village in northern New Mexico, U.S.
Ribera of Navarre, the flat region around the Ebro at the south of Navarre, Spain

Surname
 Francisco Ribera (1537–1591), Spanish Jesuit theologian
 Juan de Ribera (1532–1611), Archbishop of Valencia
 Juan de Ribera (1588–1666), Bishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra
 Jusepe de Ribera (1591–1652), Spanish painter in Italy
 Juan Antonio Ribera (1779–1860), Spanish neoclassic painter
 Teresa Ribera (born 1969), Spanish jurist, professor and politician
 Marta Ribera (born 1971), Spanish actress
 Alejandra Ribera (born 1973), Canadian singer-songwriter
 Juan José Ribera (born 1980), Chilean footballer
 María Ribera (born 1986), Spanish rugby player
 Carolina Ribera (born 1990), Bolivian dentist and lawyer
 Joshua Ribera (1995–2013), known as Depzman, British rapper

Other
 Palacio de la Ribera, a former palace in Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain

See also
Rivera (disambiguation)
Riviera (disambiguation)
Maternity Protection Convention, 1919

Maternity Protection Convention, 1919 is  an International Labour Organization Convention.

It was established in 1919:

Modification 

The principles contained in the convention were subsequently revised and included in ILO Convention C103, Maternity Protection Convention (Revised), 1952, and in Maternity Protection Convention, 2000.

Ratifications
As of 2013, the convention had been ratified by 34 states. Of the ratifying states, eight have subsequently denounced the treaty.

External links 
Text.
Ratifications.

Maternity
Motherhood
Women's rights instruments
Treaties concluded in 1919
Treaties entered into force in 1921
Treaties of Algeria
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of the Kingdom of Bulgaria
Treaties of Burkina Faso
Treaties of the Central African Republic
Treaties of Colombia
Treaties of Croatia
Treaties of Cuba
Treaties of Cameroon
Treaties of the French Fourth Republic
Treaties of Gabon
Treaties of the Weimar Republic
Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece
Treaties of Guinea
Treaties of Italy
Treaties of Latvia
Treaties of the Libyan Arab Republic
Treaties of Luxembourg
Treaties of Mauritania
Treaties of Nicaragua
Treaties of Panama
Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania
Treaties of Spain under the Restoration
Treaties of North Macedonia
Treaties of Venezuela
Treaties of Ivory Coast
1919 in labor relations
1919 in women's history
Maternity Protection Convention

Maternity Protection Convention may refer to:

Maternity Protection Convention, 1919, the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention C3
Maternity Protection Convention (Revised), 1952, a revision of the above
Maternity Protection Convention, 2000, the second revision
K10

K10 may refer to:

Aircraft 
 Kalinin K-10, a Soviet trainer
 Kawanishi K-10 Transport, a Japanese biplane
 Schleicher K 10, a German glider
 Skyeton K-10 Swift, a Ukrainian light-sport aircraft

Automobiles 
 K10 ARV, a South Korean ammunition resupply vehicle
 Kandi K10, a Chinese city car
 Maruti Alto K10, a Japanese city car
 Nissan Micra (K10), a Japanese hatchback

Ships 
 , a Penguin-class submarine rescue ship of the Brazilian Navy
 , a K-class submarine of the Royal Navy
 , a Flower-class corvette of the Royal Navy
 , a Loch-class frigate of the South African Navy

Other 
 K-10 (Kansas highway)
 K-10 robot, a rover used to explore planetary surfaces
 K10 transport/localisation element (TLS), a cis-regulatory RNA element
 AMD K10, an AMD x86 CPU architecture
 K-10S, a Soviet supersonic anti-ship missile
 Keratin 10, a human protein
 LG K10, a smartphone
 LSWR K10 class, a British steam locomotive
 Sonata in B flat, K. 10, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

See also
1,5-Cyclooctadiene

Cycloocta-1,5-diene is a cyclic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula , specifically .

There are three configurational isomers with this structure, that differ by the arrangement of the four C–C single bonds adjacent to the double bonds.  Each pair of single bonds can be on the same side () or on opposite sides () of the double bond's plane; the three possibilities are denoted , , and {{chem name|cis,trans}}; or (), (), and (). (Because of overall symmetry,  is the same configuration as .)

Generally abbreviated COD, the  isomer of this diene is a useful precursor to other organic compounds and serves as a ligand in organometallic chemistry. It is a colorless liquid with a strong odor.  1,5-Cyclooctadiene can be prepared by dimerization of butadiene in the presence of a nickel catalyst, a coproduct being vinylcyclohexene. Approximately 10,000 tons were produced in 2005.

 Organic reactions 
COD reacts with borane to give 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, commonly known as 9-BBN, a reagent in organic chemistry used in hydroborations:

COD adds  (or similar reagents) to give 2,6-dichloro-9-thiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane:

The resulting dichloride can be further modified as the diazide or dicyano derivative in a nucleophilic substitution aided by anchimeric assistance.

 Metal complexes 

1,5-COD binds to low-valent metals via both alkene groups. Metal-COD complexes are attractive because they are sufficiently stable to be isolated, often being more robust than related ethylene complexes. The stability of COD complexes is attributable to the chelate effect. The COD ligands are easily displaced by other ligands, such as phosphines.

 is prepared by reduction of anhydrous nickel acetylacetonate in the presence of the ligand, using triethylaluminium

The related  is prepared by a more circuitous route involving the dilithium cyclooctatetraene:

Extensive work has been reported on complexes of COD, much of which has been described in volumes 25, 26, and 28 of Inorganic Syntheses. The platinum complex is a precursor to a 16-electron complex of ethylene:

COD complexes are useful as starting materials; one noteworthy example is the reaction:

The product  is highly toxic, thus it is advantageous to generate it in the reaction vessel upon demand.  Other low-valent metal complexes of COD include cyclooctadiene rhodium chloride dimer, cyclooctadiene iridium chloride dimer, and , and Crabtree's catalyst.

The  complexes with nickel, palladium, and platinum have tetrahedral geometry, whereas  complexes of rhodium and iridium are square planar.

(E,E)-COD

The highly strained trans,trans isomer of 1,5-cyclooctadiene is a known compound. (E,E)-COD was first synthesized by George M. Whitesides and Arthur C. Cope in 1969 by photoisomerization of the cis,cis compound. Another synthesis (double elimination reaction from a cyclooctane ring) was reported by Rolf Huisgen in 1987. The molecular conformation of (E,E'')-COD is twisted rather than chair-like. The compound has been investigated as a click chemistry mediator.

References
 

Cycloalkenes
Dienes
Ligands
Eight-membered rings
Foul-smelling chemicals
Ronald Robertson (figure skater)

Ronald Frederick "Ronnie" Robertson (September 25, 1937 – February 4, 2000) was an American figure skater who was best known for his spinning ability. He won the silver medal at the 1956 Winter Olympics, became one of the youngest male figure skating Olympic medalists. He twice won the silver at the World Figure Skating Championships. He retired from skating after the 1956 U.S. Championships, where he was nearly disqualified after he was accused by the German Figure Skating Federation for excessive expenses on a European tour. His father, Albert Robertson, a naval architect, accused Hayes Jenkins of trying to disqualify his son. After a huge fight with the U.S. Figure Skating Federation, Robertson was not disqualified after he lost to Jenkins and retired from competitive figure skating and signed a two-year contract with the Ice Capades for $100,000.

In the 1950s, he had a long-term relationship with Tab Hunter, who also helped fund his amateur career. Robertson was coached by Gustave Lussi.

Robertson's skating career was also well known on television. He appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1957, and his fast forward upright spin was described as being "faster than an electric fan." He also appeared as a featured guest on The Mickey Mouse Club that year.

After leaving skating to run a small hotel which he owned with his partner, Robertson was persuaded by Ted Wilson, a rink designer and manager in Hong Kong,  to return to the ice and teach as a guest coach. Robertson, with former Japanese champion Sashi Kuchiki, made annual one-month trips to Hong Kong for 10 years teaching at Cityplaza Ice Palace on Hong Kong Island. Robertson was an extremely popular coach during this period and made a lasting impression with his skills and kindness.

During the 1964–65 New York World's Fair, Robertson appeared as the main attraction for Dick Button's Ice Travaganza show.

Ronnie Robertson died on February 4, 2000, at a hospital in Fountain Valley, California, from bronchial pneumonia at the age of 62.

Results

 1973 World Professional Figure Skating Championships – 1st

References

External links

 Skatabase: 1950s Olympics Men's Results
 Skatabase: 1950s Worlds Men's Results

American male single skaters
LGBT figure skaters
1937 births
2000 deaths
Gay sportsmen
American LGBT sportspeople
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
Olympic medalists in figure skating
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in figure skating
Figure skaters at the 1956 Winter Olympics
People from Brackenridge, Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Fountain Valley, California
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1956 Winter Olympics
AIDS-related deaths in California
20th-century American LGBT people
LexUM

Lexum is a Canadian legal technology firm, publishing legal information. Lexum is a member of the Free Access to Law Movement.

Background
The firm is a spin-off from the Université de Montréal LexUM Laboratory. The forerunner of Lexum was founded in 1993 as the Law Gopher server at the Université de Montréal.  This site was both, respectively, the first available legal resources site in Canada and in French. 

The Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII) is a not-for-profit organization created by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada in 2001 with Lexum technology backing-up the site ever since. In 2018 CanLII acquired Lexum.

Services
Lexum offers online services designed for producers and managers of legal information, as well as digitization, conversion and publishing services for legislation, case law, secondary material, and other legal materials.

External links
Legal Services

Multilingual websites
Canadian legal websites
Free Access to Law Movement