Ramzes II

Ramzes II bio je treći vladar XIX egipatske dinastije. Jedan od najznačajnijih faraona u veoma dugoj istoriji Egipta je svakako Ramzes II (poznatiji kao Ramzes Veliki) koji je nakon smrti oca Seta i preuzeo vlast nad egipatskim carstvom kojim je vladao punih 67 godina. Puno ime bilo mu je Usermaatre-setepenre Ramzes ("Ra je snažan u pravednosti - Raov izabranik Ramzes"). Vladao je (1290-1224. pne.) u vrijeme velikog procvata, ali koji je bio popraćen stalnim ratovima.

Kako Egipat, tadašnja velesila bliskog istoka, nije mogao izbjeći stalno ratovanje s neprijateljima na sjeveru i jugu, Ramzes je od svoje dječačke dobi do duboke starosti vodio mnoštvo uspješnih ratnih pohoda. Najteža Ramzesova bitka zbila se kod grada Kadeša kad je zamalo izbjegao smrt ili zarobljavanje od strane Hetita. Ramzes je dovršio veliki hram u Karnaku, te izgradio kolosalne hramove u Abu Simbelu i palaču Rameseum. Njegove žene Neferati, Isis-nefret i dvjestotinjak prilježnica rodile su mu 96 sinova i 60 kćeri.

Među njegovom djecom Egipćani su osobito poštovali princa Haemvaseta koji je bio vrhovni svećenih Ptaha u Memfisu. Haemvaset je bio poznat kao mudrac, a o njemu govore priče s papirusa iz kasnog razdoblja. Budući da je doživio duboku starost (94 godine) nadživio je 12 svojih sinova, a naslijedio ga je trinaesti - Merenptah. Mumija Ramzesa II pokazuje da je bio iznimno visok (oko 192 cm) što je znatno iznad prosjeka za njegovo doba kad su prosječni muškarci bili visine oko 160 cm. Zbog svoje upečatljive osobnosti i uspješne vladavine obično ga nazivaju Ramzes Veliki.

V. također

Bilješke i reference

Bilješke

Bibliografija 
 Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson (2004)
 James Putnan, An introduction to Egyptology, 1990
 Von Beckerath, Jürgen. 1997. Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten, Mainz, Philipp von Zabern.
 Peter J. Brand, The Monuments of Seti I: Epigraphic, Historical and Art Historical Analysis, Brill, NV Leiden (2000)
 David O'Connor & Eric Cline, Amenhotep III: Perspectives on his reign, University of Michigan Press, 1998
 Tyldesley, Joyce. 2000. Ramesses: Egypt's Greatest Pharaoh. London: Viking/Penguin Books
 N. Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992)
 Ania Skliar, Grosse kulturen der welt-Ägypten, 2005
 Wolfhart Westendorf, Das alte Ägypten, 1969
 Michael Rice, Who's Who in Ancient Egypt, Routledge, 1999
 Alberto Siliotti, Egypt: temples, people, gods, 1994
 Bob Brier, The Encyclopedia of Mummies, Checkmark Books, 1998
 Can. Assoc. Radiol. J. 2004 Oct;55(4):211-7, 
 The Epigraphic Survey, Reliefs and Inscriptions at Karnak III: The Bubastite Portal, Oriental Institute Publications, vol. 74 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954)

Literatura 
 Hasel, Michael G. 1994. “Israel in the Merneptah Stela,” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 296., pp. 45-61. 
 Hasel, Michael G. 1998. Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant, 1300–1185 BC. Probleme der Ägyptologie 11. Leiden: Brill. 
 Hasel, Michael G. 2003. "Merenptah's Inscription and Reliefs and the Origin of Israel" in Beth Alpert Nakhai ed. The Near East in the Southwest: Essays in Honor of William G. Dever, pp. 19–44. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 58. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research. 
 Hasel, Michael G. 2004. "The Structure of the Final Hymnic-Poetic Unit on the Merenptah Stela." Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 116:75–81.
 James, T. G. H. 2000. Ramesses II. New York: Friedman/Fairfax Publishers. A large-format volume by the former Keeper of Egyptian Antiquities at the British Museum, filled with colour illustrations of buildings, art, etc. related to Ramesses II
 Kitchen, Kenneth Anderson. 1982. Pharaoh Triumphant: The Life and Times of Ramesses II, King of Egypt. Monumenta Hannah Sheen Dedicata 2. Mississauga: Benben Publications. . This is an English language treatment of the life of Ramesses II at a semi-popular level
 Kitchen, Kenneth Anderson. 1996. Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated: Translations. Volume 2: Ramesses II; Royal Inscriptions. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. . Translations and (in the 1999 volume below) notes on all contemporary royal inscriptions naming the king.
 Kitchen, Kenneth Anderson. 1999. Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated: Notes and Comments. Volume 2: Ramesses II; Royal Inscriptions. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers
 Kitchen, Kenneth Anderson. 2003. On the Reliability of the Old Testament. Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, .

Spoljašnje veze 
 YouTube video about Ramesses the Great and Egyptian empire
 Ramesses II - Archaeowiki.org 
 Ramesses the Great
 BBC history: Ramesses the Great
 King Ramses II
 19th DYNASTY
 Egypt's Golden Empire: Ramesses II
 Usermaatresetepenre
 RAMESSES THE GREAT 
 Ramesses II Usermaatre-setepenre (about 1279-1213 BC)
 The TOMB of RAMESSES II and REMAINS of HIS FUNERARY TREASURE
 THE CLEVELAND MUSEUM OF ART: Relief of a King, probably Ramesses II 
 Mortuary temple of Ramesses II at Abydos
 Ramesseum 
 Ram·e·ses II 
 Egyptian monuments: Temple of Ramesses II
 List of Ramesses II's family members and state officials 
 Temples from the time of Ramesses the Great 

Faraoni