alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Crommyonian Sow

The Crommyonian Sow  ( Hus Krommúōn) is a pig in Greek mythology. It was owned by a woman named Phaea ( Phaiā́, "grey") and was sometimes called by that name itself.

Mythology
The Crommyonian Sow was a wild pig that ravaged the region around the village of Crommyon between Megara and Corinth, and was eventually slain by Theseus in his early adventures. According to the Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus, it was said by some to be the daughter of Echidna and Typhon, and was named after  the old woman who raised it. According to Strabo, the sow was said to be the mother of the Calydonian Boar. Gaius Julius Hyginus says that the pig Theseus killed at Crommyon was a boar.

Plutarch repeats the story, but states that he had also been told that Phaia herself was a murderous female robber, and was nicknamed "Sow" because of her  obese children and uncouth manners, and that she was the "sow" killed by Theseus.

Notes

References
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921
 Hyginus, Gaius Julius, The Myths of Hyginus. Edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960.
 Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Phaea" 
 Strabo,  Geography, Editors, H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A., London. George Bell & Sons. 1903. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library

External links

The Theoi Project, "HUS KROMMYON"

Female legendary creatures
Greek legendary creatures
Labours of Theseus
Mythological pigs
Women in Greek mythology 
Wild boars
Fictional professional thieves
List of English Schools Foundation schools

The English Schools Foundation (ESF) manages 22 schools in Hong Kong: five secondary schools, nine primary schools, two "all through" schools, five kindergartens and one school for children with special needs.

Kindergartens
Abacus International Kindergarten
Hillside International Kindergarten
Tsing Yi Kindergarten
Tung Chung Kindergarten
Wu Kai Sha Kindergarten

Primary schools
 Bauhinia School - closed in July 2007, taken over by Discovery College
 Beacon Hill School
 Bradbury School 
 Clearwater Bay School
 Glenealy School
 Kennedy School
 Kowloon Junior School
 Peak School
 Quarry Bay School
 Sha Tin Junior School

Secondary schools
Island School
King George V School
Sha Tin College
South Island School
West Island School

All through schools
Note: these schools are run as private independent schools with no subvention from the Hong Kong Government.

Discovery College
Renaissance College

Special needs schools
Jockey Club Sarah Roe School

References

External links
English Schools Foundation

English Schools Foundation
+
+
Ngconde Balfour

Ngconde Mathemba Bryce Balfour (born 23 August 1954 in kuNtselamanzi, Alice, Eastern Cape) is a South African politician and has served as Minister of Correctional Services and Minister of Sport.

Early life and career
Balfour was born in the Eastern Cape and completed his schooling at Jabavu High School in the town of Alice. He went on to study at Lovedale College and Fort Hare University. After spending time as a political detainee, Balfour went into exile in Australia from 1989 to 1992. While in Australia, he attended Victoria University, Australia.

Balfour has been a South African Member of Parliament since 1996 and was appointed as Minister of Correctional Services on 29 April 2004.

Following the resignation of President Thabo Mbeki in September 2008, Balfour was one of ten ministers who submitted their resignations on 23 September, although it was subsequently announced that he might be willing to remain in his post. He was retained in his post as the Cabinet announced on 25 September.

Balfour was appointed as South Africa's high commissioner to Botswana but resigned the position less than a year after the diplomatic posting.

In 2011 it was announced that Balfour was taking over as the chairperson of Boxing South Africa.

Woodhill golf estate
Balfour's wife Thozama Mqobi-Balfour, Correctional Services regional commissioner for Gauteng, was suspended pending the outcome of a disciplinary process for renting a house in the Woodhill golf estate in Pretoria for some R30,000 a month despite having the use of an official residence. She was also named by Auditor-General Terence Nombembe as one of 49 government officials who benefited from government contracts worth R74m. Fellow National commissioner Xoliswa Sibeko was also suspended for renting a home in the same golf estate for R35,000 a month.

References

1954 births
Living people
Xhosa people
African National Congress politicians
South African Ministers for Sport and Recreation
Correctional Services ministers of South Africa
Members of the National Assembly of South Africa
High Commissioners of South Africa to Botswana
Victoria University, Melbourne alumni
People from Alice, South Africa
Vaada

Vaada may refer to:

Vaada (film), a 2005 Indian film
Vaada, the Zionist Aid and Rescue Committee active in Hungary during the Holocaust
Vaadaa, 2010 Indian Tamil-language film

See also
Vada (disambiguation)
Wada (disambiguation)
Old Spanish Trail

Old Spanish Trail may refer to:

Old Spanish Trail (trade route), connecting Santa Fe, New Mexico, with Los Angeles, California, in the 19th century
Old Spanish Trail (auto trail), connecting St. Augustine, Florida, with San Diego, California, in the early 20th century
State of Emergency (disambiguation)

A state of emergency is where a government enacts extraordinary policies for the safety of their citizens.

State of emergency may also refer to:

Films
 State of Emergency (1994 film), an American drama
 State of Emergency (2004 film), a Nigerian action movie
 State of Emergency (2011 film), an American horror film

Music
 State of Emergency (Steel Pulse album), 1988
 State of Emergency (The Living End album), 2006
 State of Emergency (Dalmatian EP), 2012
 State of Emergency (Lil Tjay EP), 2020
 Bill Cosby Presents the Cosnarati: State of Emergency, an album by Bill Cosby, 2009
 The Product III: State of Emergency, an album by August Alsina, 2020
 "State of Emergency", a song by Logic from the 2018 album Bobby Tarantino II
 "Jóga", a 1997 song by Björk, containing the repeated lyric "State of emergency"

Other uses
 State of Emergency (book), by Patrick Buchanan, 2006
 State of Emergency (video game), 2002 
 Death Before Dishonor X: State of Emergency, a 2012 professional wrestling internet pay-per-view event

See also

 Emergency (disambiguation)
 Snow emergency, the active response plan to a snow storm
Baike

Baike may refer to:
 Baidu Baike, Chinese collaborative web-based encyclopedia
 Baike.com, Chinese social network
 Soso Baike, Chinese collaborative web-based encyclopedia
Eric Low

Eric Low Siak Meng (; 1948 – 3 January 2023) was a Singaporean politician and a general manager. Formerly a member of the People's Action Party (PAP), he decided not to contest for the 2011 general election.

Political career
Goh Chok Tong was tasked with the "special assignment" of helping Low win Hougang SMC in the 2006 general elections, along with Sitoh Yih Pin, the PAP candidate for Potong Pasir SMC. Low and Sitoh were promised more latitude in the Parliament and freedom from being subjected to the party whip if he won Hougang SMC. 

He contested the  Hougang SMC in both the 2001 Singapore general election and the 2006 general election, losing both times to Low Thia Khiang from Workers' Party. 

In 2011, Low announced that he would not contest Hougang SMC in the coming general election.

Awards 
Low was awarded the Pingat Bakti Masyarakat (Public Service Medal), Bintang Bakti Masyarakat (Public Service Star) and Bintang Bakti Masyarakat (Public Service Star) - Bar over the years.

Death
Low died from natural causes on 3 January 2023 at the age of 74, he would have been 75 at that year.

References

1948 births
2023 deaths
People's Action Party politicians
Singaporean people of Teochew descent
Recipients of the Pingat Bakti Masyarakat
Recipients of the Bintang Bakti Masyarakat
Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange

Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange (MPSE) was a stock exchange located at Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was a SEBI recognized Permanent Stock Exchange, until its de-recognition in 2015. Established in 1919, it was 3rd oldest stock exchange in India, and a leading stock exchange under outcry system.

History 

MPSEL was originally set up as an association in 1919, with around 150 broking members. It was granted permanent recognition under the provisions of the Securities Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956 ("SCRA"), by the Government of India in 1988. MPSEL currently has 185 broker members, including some of the leading brokering houses in India. Around 315 companies, including some of the leading corporates of the country are listed on MPSEL.

After joining hands with National Stock Exchange (NSE) in 2012 and with the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in 2013, MPSE became the only regional stock exchange in India to provide independent trading platform for its members.     

MPSE was the first regional exchange to enter into agreement with both the stock exchanges and first in India to get SEBI's approval when it allowed regional exchanges to come out of hibernation. Prior to this trading at the MPSE was allowed through its subsidiary.

In 2014, SEBI asked MPSE to create its own trading platform with a net worth of  100 crore or be de-recognized. SEBI de-recognized MPSE in 2015.

Timeline 
Following is the timeline of the Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange history.     

 1919 - Incorporated as Association of Person.  
 1957 - Recognized as Regional Stock Exchange.
 1988 - Ministry of Finance granted permanent recognition.
 1992 - MPSE records highest turnover.
 2006 - MPSEL was corporatized into a limited company.
 Aug 2007 - MPSE demutualized at a premium of Rs. 30/- per share. 
 2008 - Sratagic Investors have taken up 51%  stake at the Exchange.
 2009 - Auction of two trading membership rights at record price of Rs. 3.81 lacs and Rs. 3.51 lacs.
 10 Apr 2010 - Agreement under section 13 with National Stock Exchange (NSE).
 31 Mar 2011 - Approval of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to NSE agreement.
 1 May 2012 - Agreement under section 13 with  Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).
 9 June 2015 - SEBI Exit Order in respect of Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange Ltd (MPSE)

See also 
 List of South Asian stock exchanges
 List of stock exchanges in the Commonwealth of Nations

Notes

Economy of Madhya Pradesh
Economy of Indore
Buildings and structures in Indore
Former stock exchanges in India
1919 establishments in India
Financial services companies established in 1919
André Lajoinie

André Lajoinie (born 26 December, 1929 in Chasteaux, Corrèze) is a French politician and a member of the French Communist Party (PCF).

He was a member of the French National Assembly for Allier from 1978 to 1993, then from 1997 to 2002, and was president of the Communist caucus in the Assembly from 1981 to 1993.  He was the deputy for Allier's 3rd constituency in the 6th, 7th, 9th and 11th legislatures, and one of four deputies from Allier in the 8th legislature.

A close collaborator of party leader Georges Marchais, he was chosen to be the PCF's candidate in the 1988 presidential election. A rather mediocre public speaker, Lajoinie proved to be an uncharismatic candidate, and was lampooned by humorists who caricatured him as a dimwit. His voting share of 6.8% was considered an unusually mediocre result for PCF standards. Lajoinie retired from active politics in 2002.

References

1929 births
Living people
People from Corrèze
French Communist Party politicians
Candidates in the 1988 French presidential election
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
KRVM

KRVM may refer to:

 KRVM (AM), a radio station (1280 AM) licensed to Eugene, Oregon, United States
 KRVM-FM, a radio station (91.9 FM) licensed to Eugene, Oregon, United States
KRVM (AM)

KRVM (1280 AM) is an NPR-member radio station broadcasting a news and information format. Licensed to Eugene, Oregon, United States, the station is currently owned by and licensed to Eugene School District 4J, and is affiliated with Jefferson Public Radio.

In the late 1990s, KRVM was known as KDUK (after the University of Oregon's duck mascot) and was an affiliate of Radio AAHS.

External links
Jefferson Public Radio
FCC History Cards for KRVM

RVM
NPR member stations
1947 establishments in Oregon
Radio stations established in 1947
Swarthmore Lecture

Swarthmore Lecture is one of a series of lectures, started in 1908, addressed to Britain Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers).

The preface to the very first lecture explains the purpose of the series.

“This book is the first of a series of public addresses to be known as the Swarthmore Lectures. The Lectureship was established by the Woodbrooke Extension Committee, at a meeting held December 9th, 1907. The Minute of the Committee provides for “an annual lecture on some subject relating to the Message and Work of the Society of Friends.” The name “Swarthmore” was chosen in memory of the home of Margaret Fox, which was always open to the earnest seeker after Truth, and from which loving words of sympathy and substantial material help were sent to fellow-workers.

“The Woodbrooke Extension Committee requested Rufus M. Jones, M.A., D.Litt., of Haverford College, Pennsylvania, to give the first lecture on the evening preceding the holding of the Friends’ Yearly Meeting of 1908. In accordance with this decision, the lecture was delivered in the Central Hall, Birmingham, on May 19th.

“The Swarthmore Lectureship has been founded with a two-fold purpose: firstly, to interpret further to the members of the Society of Friends their Message and Mission; and secondly, to bring before the public the spirit, the aims and the fundamental principles of the Friends. This first lecture presents Quakerism as a religion of experience and first-hand reality—a dynamic, practical religion of life.”

Transcripts and recording of some of the lectures are available from the Woodbrooke Quaker Study Centre website.

List of Swarthmore Lectures 

For further details see the list of lectures at the Woodbrooke Centre.

See also 
 Backhouse Lecture: Friends lecture series in Australia

References

External links

 Woodbrooke Quaker Study Centre
 Recordings of some of the lectures
 Nayler.org has reviews of some of the lectures

British lecture series
Christian theological lectures
Quakerism in the United Kingdom
Religious education in the United Kingdom
1908 establishments in the United Kingdom
Recurring events established in 1908
Annual events in London
Switchback

Switchback may refer to:

Transportation
 A hairpin turn on a road
 A horseshoe curve
 A zigzagging pedestrian or cycling ramp
 A roller coaster, or a roller coaster-like road
 A zig zag (railway)
 The Switchback, a former railway line in Glasgow, Scotland
 A motorcycle having detachable windscreens and luggage bags, e.g. Harley-Davidson's Dyna 2012 model

Entertainment
Switchback Railway, the first roller coaster designed as an amusement ride in the United States
Switchback (rollercoaster), a wooden roller coaster located at ZDT's Amusement Park
Switchback (band), a duo which plays Americana music
Switchback (TV series), a Canadian television show for children and teens broadcast on the CBC in the 1980s
Switchback (comics), a Marvel Comics character connected to the X-Men
Switchback (film), a 1997 film starring Dennis Quaid and Danny Glover
"Switchback" (Celldweller song), a song from Celldweller's album Celldweller
"Switchback" (Music for Pleasure song), a song from Music for Pleasure's album Into the Rain

Other uses 
Switchback, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in the United States
 In asymptotic analysis (mathematics), a term of intermediate order multiplying a homogenous solution (forced by matching to an outer solution)
 Magnetic switchback, a sudden reversal in the magnetic field of the solar wind observed on the Sun
Thorkel

Thorkel or Thorkell (Þórkæll / Þorkell) is an Old Norse masculine personal name. Among the more famous holders of the name are:

Thorkel of Namdalen, ninth-century jarl and father of Ketil Trout.
Thorkell Súrsson, tenth-century Icelander and character in the Gísla saga.
Thorkell Eyjólfsson, Icelandic goði of the late tenth and early eleventh century, husband of Guðrún Ósvífursdóttir and stepfather of Bolli Bollason.
Thorkell Arden, eleventh-century progenitor of the Arden family, one of only three Anglo-Saxon noble families to survive the Norman Conquest with their position and properties intact. Distant ancestor of the playwright William Shakespeare.
Thorkell the Tall, eleventh-century Jomsviking leader and jarl.
Thorkell Leifsson, Greenlandic goði of the eleventh century and son of explorer Leif Eriksson.
Thorkel Fóstri ("Foster-father Thorkel"), foster father of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Jarl of Orkney c. 1020–1064.
Þorkell Sigurbjörnsson, Icelandic composer.
Thorkell (Vinland Saga), a fictional character from the manga series Vinland Saga
Robert E. Gould

Robert Emery Gould (March 20, 1924 – February 25, 1998) was clinical professor of psychiatry at New York Medical College, and chief of adolescent services at Bellevue Hospital. Gould was known as outspoken advocate on social issues, including psychiatric treatment of homeless people, violence on television (he was the president of lobbying group National Coalition on Television Violence), homosexuality and AIDS. Gould successfully advocated removing homosexuality from the list of pathologies in the American Psychiatric Association treatment manual, but an article he wrote in Cosmopolitan in January 1988 claiming that women faced little risk of HIV infection through vaginal intercourse courted controversy. The Chicago Tribune summarized: "There's almost no danger of getting AIDS from ordinary sexual intercourse, and the irrational fear of AIDS that stifles guilt-free enjoyment of sex may prove more destructive in the long run than the AIDS virus itself, Dr. Robert E. Gould, a professor of psychiatry and of obstetrics and gynecology at New York Medical College, said in the January Cosmopolitan. His controversial message has drawn the indignant wrath of several leading AIDS experts."

Gould was born and died in New York City. His wife, Lois Gould, who died in 2002 aged 70, was a bestselling novelist.  They had two sons, Anthony and Roger.

Prior to working at New York Medical College, Gould had been a professor at New York University's medical school and also a lecturer at Fordham University.

Gould grew up in New York City, largely with his Hungarian-immigrant grandparents. He attended Williams College before graduating from the University of Maryland.  He earned his MD at University of Virginia Medical School. Gould was trained as a psychoanalyst at William Alanson White Psychiatric Institute in New York City.

Gould was involved in 1987 in successfully working with the American Civil Liberties Union in overturning the involuntary hospitalization of Joyce Brown.

References 
 The New York Times: "Robert Gould, Psychiatrist Who Treated Social Outcasts" (obituary), by Ford Burkhart, March 1, 1998
 San Diego Union-Tribune: "Lois Gould: Writer on women's inner lives, 70" (obituary) by Margalit Fox, New York Times News Service, June 2, 2002
 Chicago Tribune: "AIDS: Threat to All or a Scare Ploy of Special Interests?", by Joan Beck, February 1, 1988

1924 births
1998 deaths
American psychiatrists
HIV/AIDS researchers
Williams College alumni
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
University of Virginia School of Medicine alumni
New York Medical College faculty
New York University faculty
Fordham University faculty
American venereologists
20th-century American physicians
Edwin Larwill

Edwin Larwill (c. 1806 – December 29, 1876) was a tinsmith and political figure in Canada West.

He came to Chatham in 1841. He helped form a "Free and Easy Club" there, a counter-attack against the Temperance movements in the region. Larwill served as school commissioner. He was opposed to black settlement in the area and debated the issue with William King at a public debate held in 1849. In 1854, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Kent as a Conservative. Larwill voted for Quebec City over Kingston as seat of government for the Canadas. This unpopular position and organized opposition by black residents of the county led to his defeat in 1857; Archibald McKellar was elected in Kent. Larwill died in Chatham in 1876.

External links 
 The Underground Railroad

References 
 Romantic Kent, Victor Lauriston (1952)

1800s births
1876 deaths
Tinsmiths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada West
People from Chatham-Kent
Banyingela Kasonga

Banyingela Kasonga (born May 4, 1959), is a priest and was a candidate for the presidential elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in July 2006.

Biography
Banyingela Kasonga was born in Dimbelenge (present-day Kasaï-Central province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo). From 1974 to 1978 he studied at the small seminary of Kabwe, in the section Latin and philosophy. After that, he went to the big seminary of Kabwe and in 1981 he enrolled for the study of theology at the ‘Faculté de Théologie Catholique de Kinshasa’. On September 29, 1985 he became ordained as a priest in Kananga. Till 1988 he was then a vicar in the parish of Notre Dame de Kananga. From 1988 till 1994 he was director of the Pius X school in Kananga. In 1994 he became the director of the Small Seminary in Kabwe, where he himself had studied as a child. In 1996 he went back to Kinshasa to pursue his studies, where he would get a License in Theology (1997), and then a degree of higher studies in Theology (1999). Between 2000 and 2006 he was writing his Ph.D. dissertation at the faculty of Theology of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium.

Politics
Already in his early priesthood days Banyingela was active in the promotion of social justice. For instance, in 1993 he was among the priests who fought against the introduction of a new currency what was then called Zairean zaire. As a result, the Kasai region used for some time a different currency as the remainder of the country. As a longtime supporter of the Alliance of Farmers and Ecologists, which was founded in 1990, Banyingela became its vice-president in 2005. In 2006 he was nominated as their candidate for the presidential elections.

In the presidential elections of 2006 he ended 14th out of the 33 candidates with 0.48 percent of the vote, or else about 82000 votes nationwide.

References
Demain le Kasai
Campuskrant
Provisional presidential election results

1959 births
Living people
People from Kasaï-Central
Democratic Republic of the Congo politicians
Candidates for President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
KU Leuven alumni
Democratic Republic of the Congo Roman Catholic priests
21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people
Saint Benjamin

Saint Benjamin   may refer to:

 Hieromartyr Benjamin of Petrograd (1873–1922), Metropolitan martyred by the Soviets
 Venerable Benjamin of the Kiev Caves (14th century), a Russian monk
 Saint Benjamin the Deacon and Martyr (329–424), martyred by the Persian King Varanes V
 Martyr Benjamin slain at Sinai and Raithu (d. 296), martyred during the reign of Diocletian
 Patriarch Benjamin, in the Old Testament, the last-born of Jacob's twelve sons
Portsmouth Point

Portsmouth Point, or "Spice Island", is part of Old Portsmouth in Portsmouth, Hampshire, on the southern coast of England. The name Spice Island comes from the area's seedy reputation, as it was known as the "Spice of Life". Men were easily found and press-ganged into Nelson's navy from Portsmouth Point due to its hostelries and for being where prostitutes plied their trade.  The area forms the eastern side of the narrow entrance to Portsmouth Harbour, facing Gosport on the western side.

History
Historically, the Point lay outside the boundaries of Portsmouth, with access being controlled by various fortifications over the centuries. Walls and gates separating the point from the rest of Portsmouth are attested in the 16th century. By 1571 the gate was known as the north gate. It was rebuilt as Point Gate sometime around 1600 before being renamed King James's Gate after further work in 1687. On the south side military defences protecting the harbour entrance were built.

Civilian building in the area began in 1590 with storehouses of various types. During the 17th century an increasing range of businesses had taken hold in the area with four taverns being recorded by 1610. By the 18th century the point had become a popular destination for sailors on leave from ships moored at Spithead. This resulted in the area becoming notorious for lewd behaviour and was mainly composed of pubs and brothels, and appeared as such in Thomas Rowlandson's etching named after the Point. This etching was also the inspiration for William Walton's musical piece of the same name, written in 1925 for full orchestra.

The advent of steam meant that more ships entered Portsmouth harbour proper and as a result fewer sailors visited the point. The gates that controlled access to the point were removed in the 1860s.

Now the area is part of the desirable and historic city of Portsmouth containing the majority of the remaining early defences of the city and Camber Dock. In 2015, the Land Rover BAR America's Cup race headquarters  - now Ineos Team UK - was completed. The nearby Camber Dock still retains a small fishing fleet and a fish market.

A magazine published by the Portsmouth Grammar School is named after the Point.

"Pompey"
The Portsmouth Point name was commonly contracted to Po'm. P. when handwritten in ships logbooks to save time and space, which gave rise to the nickname of "Pompey" for Portsmouth Point.
Pompey is also the present day nickname of the city of Portsmouth, the naval base and the professional football club - although there are many alternative theories of the Pompey nickname origin in these three  contexts.

Gallery

References

Portsmouth
MOW

MOW may refer to:
 Maintenance of way, the maintenance of railroad right of way
 Ministry of Works, a former New Zealand government department
 Mercer Oliver Wyman, now part of Oliver Wyman, a management consulting firm
 Movie of the Week, a television movie
 March on Washington, a mass political action
 Movement for the Ordination of Women, an Australian movement supporting the ordination of women in the Anglican Church of Australia
 Museum de Oude Wolden, a regional art museum in Bellingwolde in the Netherlands
 The Mobility and Public Works policy area of the Flemish Government

It is also the IATA designation of Moscow area airports:
Sheremetyevo International Airport
Domodedovo International Airport
Vnukovo International Airport
Zhukovsky International Airport
Single adult (LDS Church)

Single adult is a term used in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) to describe any unmarried person age 18 or older. A more specific term of 'young single adult' (YSA) describes singles ages 18–30.

Single adult
Single adult generally refers to unmarried adults age 31 and older in the LDS Church. The First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles have taught that "marriage between a man and a woman is ordained of God and that the family is central to the Creator's plan for the eternal destiny of His children". While this family unit is perceived as the ideal, many church members are single.

Young single adult
YSA is a category used in the LDS Church to describe an unmarried adult between the ages of 18 and 30. The purpose of the church's YSA program is to "provide enhanced opportunities for them to serve in leadership positions, to teach, and to lead." 

There are activities arranged within the church that allow YSA to mingle, get to know one another, and spend time with people of their own age group, standards, and beliefs. The activities range from fun-based activities such as dances or weekend conferences, to religious instruction such as Institute of Religion classes or firesides.

Young single adult wards
A ward in the LDS Church is usually geographically constructed, but exceptions are made such as for wards for a specific language or for YSAs if the size of 125 to 225 for a ward is maintained (50 for a branch). Formerly, the LDS Church maintained student wards and singles wards, but now YSAs, depending on their location, may have the option to attend a YSA ward composed of other unmarried singles ages 18–30.

See also

 LDS Student Association
 Mormons

References

Further reading

External links

Latter Day Saint terms
Organizational subdivisions of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Young adult
Lippitt

Lippitt is a surname, and may refer to:

Charles W. Lippitt (1846-1924), Governor of Rhode Island
Frederick Lippitt (1917-2005), Rhode Island House minority leader
Henry Lippitt (1818-1891), Governor of Rhode Island
Henry Frederick Lippitt (1856-1933), US Senator from Rhode Island
John W. Lippitt (1822–1896), New York politician

See also
 Lippett (surname)
Café Tortoni

The Café Tortoni is a coffeehouse located at 825 Avenida de Mayo in Buenos Aires, Argentina. First opened in 1858 by a French immigrant whose surname was Touan, it was named Tortoni after the Parisian café of the same name located on Boulevard des Italiens (where the elite of the Parissiense culture gathered in the 19th century). The café itself was inspired by Fin de siècle coffee houses. Café Tortoni was selected by UCityGuides as one of the ten most beautiful cafes in the world.

History

The area the café currently occupies was previously the location of the Templo Escocés ("Scottish Temple"), and the Tortoni was located on the corner of Rivadavia and Esmeralda. In 1880 it moved to its present location, but had its entrance on the other side of the block in Rivadavia Street. In 1898 the entrance on Avenida de Mayo was opened, and the facade was redesigned by architect Alejandro Christophersen. At the end of the 19th-century the café was bought by another Frenchman, Celestino Curutchet.

In the basement, La Peña (see peña) was established in 1926, which fomented the protection of the arts and literature until its disintegration in 1943. Among its visitors were Alfonsina Storni, Baldomero Fernández Morenoes, Juana de Ibarbourou, Arthur Rubinstein, Ricardo Vines, Roberto Arlt, José Ortega y Gasset, Jorge Luis Borges, Molina Campos, and Benito Quinquela Martín.

Over the years the café has been visited by many renowned people including politicians Lisandro de la Torre and Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, popular idols Carlos Gardel and Juan Manuel Fangio, international figures like Albert Einstein, Federico García Lorca, Hillary Clinton, Robert Duvall and Juan Carlos de Borbón.

Currently the basement works as stage for jazz and tango artists, and for the presentation of book and poetry contests.  The café has conserved the decoration of its early years, has a library and at the back facilities to play billiards, dominoes and dice.

Illustrious visitors

Gallery

References

External links

 
 

Buildings and structures in Buenos Aires
Tourist attractions in Buenos Aires
Coffeehouses and cafés in Argentina
1858 establishments in Argentina
National Historic Monuments of Argentina
Restaurants established in 1858
Robert Goff

Robert Goff may refer to:

 Robert Goff, Baron Goff of Chieveley (1926–2016), British judge
 Robert Goff (American football) (born 1965), American football player
 Robert Charles Goff (1837–1922), printmaker and painter
Carrathool Shire

The Carrathool Shire is a local government area that borders both the Riverina and Far West regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire comprises  and is located adjacent to the Mid-Western Highway and north of the Sturt Highway.

The largest town in the Shire is Hillston and the council seat is Goolgowi.  The Shire also includes the villages of Merriwagga, Rankins Springs and Carrathool.

Where once regular droughts made life almost untenable, the area now has irrigated crops, gardens, greened sporting facilities and village verges. Over  are now used in rural pursuits, including more than  in wheat, rice, vineyards, cotton, potatoes, vegetables and orchard trees.  Most of the change was made possible by the widespread use of river and underground water.

Demographics

History
In May 1934 Carrathool Shire Council voted to remove the shire offices from Carrathool to Goolgowi.  The decision was made because Carrathool township was located at the south-west corner of the large shire, whereas Goolgowi was in a more central position.

Council

Current composition and election method
Carrathool Shire Council is composed of ten councillors elected proportionally as two separate wards, each electing five councillors. All councillors are elected for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor is elected by the councillors at the first meeting of the council. The most recent election was held on 4 December 2021. The makeup of the council is as follows:

The current Council, elected in 2021, in order of election by ward, is:

References 

 
Local government areas of the Riverina
Local government areas of New South Wales
Far West (New South Wales)
On Your Own

On Your Own may refer to:

 "On Your Own" (Blur song), 1997
 "On Your Own" (The Verve song), 1995
 "On Your Own", a song by Jorja Smith from Lost & Found, 2018
 "On Your Own", a 1986 song by Pete Shelley
 "On Your Own (The Land Before Time)", a song from the film The Land Before Time VI: The Secret of Saurus Rock
"On Your Own", a 1984 song by Billy Squier featured in Giorgio Moroder’s restoration of the film Metropolis

See also 
 On My Own (disambiguation)
 On Our Own (disambiguation)
Rosy grizzled skipper

The rosy grizzled skipper (Pyrgus onopordi) is a species of skipper (family Hesperiidae).

Distribution and habitat
This species can be found in central and southern Europe (Austria, Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, and Netherlands) and in North Africa (Algeria and Morocco).

These butterflies inhabit flowery meadows, hot dry grassy meadows and streams at an elevation of  above sea level.

Description
The wingspan of Pyrgus onopordi can reach 22–28 mm. The upper side of the frontwings and hindwings is dark brown or khaki with a slight yellowish tinge, white markings, and a white fringe on the edge. The underside hindwings is light yellow-brown marbled with a few large white spots, including a characteristic anvil-shaped discal mark bordered with dark lines in the cells four and five. Females are darker and usually larger than males. Unlike most European Pyrgus species this skipper can usually be readily identified in the field as it is noticeably paler than its congeners. This is due to a heavy dusting of yellowish scales which overlies the dark brown base colour.

The eggs are yellowish, roundish, and flattened at both ends, with up to twenty strong longitudinal ribs on the surface. The caterpillars range from light to dark brown with bright sideline lines. The head is black. The pupae are bluish-tinted with a very contrasting drawing.

This species is quite similar to Pyrgus carlinae, Pyrgus cirsii, Pyrgus cinarae, Pyrgus malvae, Pyrgus alveus, Pyrgus andromedae, Pyrgus cacaliae, and Spialia sertorius.

Biology
Two or three generations are produced each year at any time between April and October. The larval food plants are Potentilla species (Potentilla reptans, Potentilla pusilla, Potentilla hirta), Malva neglecta, Malva parviflora, Malope malacoides, and Helianthemum species (Helianthemum apenninum, Helianthemum hirtum).

Bibliography
 
Sonderegger, P. (1997): Pyrgus onopordi. — In: Pro Natura – Schweizerischer Bund für Naturschutz (Hrsg.) (1997): Schmetterlinge und ihre Lebensräume. Arten, Gefährdung, Schutz. Schweiz und angrenzende Gebiete. Band 2: 153-155.
Wafner, W. (2009): Zur Freiland-Raupennahrung von Pyrgus onopordi (Rambur 1839) in Andalusien (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). — Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, 30 (1/2): 1–4.
Tom Tolman et Richard Lewington, Guide des papillons d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord, Delachaux et Niestlé, 1997 ()

References

External links
Barcodes of life
 Paolo Mazzei, Daniel Morel, Raniero Panfili  Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa

Pyrgus
Butterflies described in 1839
Butterflies of Europe
Battle of Cepeda (1820)

The Battle of Cepeda of 1820 took place on February 1 in Cañada de Cepeda, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The conflict was the first major battle that saw Unitarians and Federals as two constituted sides. It ended with the defeat of the national government.

Federal League Provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and José Miguel Carrera joined forces to topple the 1819 centralist Constitution and the Directorial government of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. Both provincial leaders, Estanislao López and Francisco Ramírez, were allies of José Gervasio Artigas.

Supreme Director José Rondeau called back the Armies that were fighting the Argentine War of Independence to fight the Federals. The Army of the Andes, commanded by José de San Martín refused to abandon the offensive against the royalists in Chile and Peru. The Army of the North, commanded by Manuel Belgrano, mutinied at Arequito, as the troops and the officiality refused to fight a civil war, and asked instead to go back to the northern frontier to fight the royalists. Rondeau's forces were defeated in the battle.

Consequences
The complete victory of the Federal forces over a diminished Directorial army led to the end of the central authority established by the 1819 Constitution through the Supreme Director, and laid the foundations for a rather new Federal organization for Argentina, as the Provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires signed the Treaty of Pilar on February 23.

Some provisions included in the Treaty on behalf of Buenos Aires, proved unacceptable to Artigas (styled "Protector of the League of the Free Peoples", who was exiled in Entre Ríos following his defeat to the Brazilian Empire invasion of the Banda Oriental), so he ordered both López and Ramírez to renounce it. But, in one of the most important turns of Argentine history, however, both caudillos turned themselves against their former inspirational leader and Ramírez battled against him, destroying the remnants of his army and pushing him forward to exile in Paraguay.

Then, Ramírez took on seriously his own chances as hegemonic leader, so he declared the Republic of Entre Ríos on September 29, 1820, but the experiment would barely live as long as Ramírez himself. On July 10, 1821, he was assassinated by the forces of his former ally Estanislao López, who fought this time alongside Buenos Aires and Corrientes Provinces, fearful of Ramírez' aspirations.

The battle in 1820 initiated the so-called caudillo era. The battle would later be followed by a second Battle of Cepeda (1859), which involved clashes between the Unitarian and the Federalist forces, ending with the annexation of Buenos Aires into the union.

See also
History of Argentina
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
Liga Federal

References

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Cepeda (1820)
1820 in Argentina
Conflicts in 1820
February 1820 events
History of Buenos Aires Province
List of teams and cyclists in the 2006 Giro d'Italia

As Giro d'Italia is part of UCI ProTour, 20 ProTour teams start the race. Wild cards were given to Ceramica Panaria–Navigare and Selle Italia–Diquigiovanni.

Official start list

Discovery Channel  (DSC)

AG2r Prévoyance  (A2R)

Bouygues Télécom  (BTL)

Caisse d'Epargne–Illes Balears  (CEI)

Ceramica Panaria – Navigare  (PAN)

Cofidis  (COF)

Crédit Agricole  (C.A)

Davitamon–Lotto  (DVL)

(EUL)

Française des Jeux  (FDJ)

Gerolsteiner  (GST)

Lampre–Fondital  (LAM)

Liberty Seguros–Würth  (LSW)

Liquigas  (LIQ)

Phonak Hearing Systems  (PHO)

Quick-Step–Innergetic  (QSI)

Rabobank  (RAB)

Saunier Duval–Prodir  (SDV)

Selle Italia–Serramenti Diquigiovanni  (CLM)

Team CSC  (CSC)

Team Milram  (MRM)

T-Mobile Team  (TMO)

External links 

cyclingnews.com

2006 Giro d'Italia
2006
Dancia Penn

Ruth Dancia Penn,  (born 1951) is a British Virgin Islands politician and former Deputy Governor of the British Virgin Islands from 20 September 2004 to 1 April 2007. She also formerly served as the Attorney General of the British Virgin Islands from 1992 to 1999.

Penn was the first woman to be appointed Deputy Governor, and the first British Virgin Islander to serve as Attorney General.

She served briefly as the acting Governor of the British Virgin Islands during 2006 in the gap between Tom Macan leaving office and David Pearey taking up his appointment.

Professionally Dancia Penn goes by her maiden name, but her legal name has been changed to Mrs Dancia Penn-Sallah since her marriage to Captain Sallah, former Registrar of Ships in the British Virgin Islands.

Politics

In July 2007, Penn announced her candidacy to stand for the 8th district in the General Election held on 20 August 2007 in the British Virgin Islands on behalf of the Virgin Islands Party (VIP).  She was elected to office, defeating the incumbent Lloyd Black, and she was appointed the Minister of Health and Welfare, and as the Deputy Premier of the British Virgin Islands.  However, in the General Election held on 7 November 2011 she lost her 8th district seat to Marlon Penn.

There had been considerable speculation after the 2007 that when the then Premier of the British Virgin Islands, Ralph T. O'Neal retired, Penn would be named as his successor as leader of the Virgin Islands Party, and would thereby become the first female Premier in the Territory.  Her defeat in the 2011 election precluded (or at least deferred) that possibility.  Penn subsequently ran again for the legislature in the 2015 General Election, but ran as an independent rather than as a Virgin Islands Party candidate, and ran at-large rather than for the 8th district.  She was not elected in 2015.

Judicial

In 2007, Penn took up a temporary appointment as an acting judge of the Court of Appeal of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court. She was required to give up that appointment shortly after formally entering politics as a candidate.

Electoral history

References

Offices

Sources 
 Island Sun

1951 births
Living people
Deputy Governors of the British Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands Party politicians
British Virgin Islands women in politics
Governors of the British Virgin Islands
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century British Virgin Islands lawyers
British Virgin Islands judges
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court justices
British women judges
British Virgin Islands Queen's Counsel
Attorneys general of the British Virgin Islands
20th-century British women politicians
21st-century British women politicians
British judges of international courts and tribunals
Female justice ministers
21st-century British women judges
Director of audiography

The director of audiography (DA), within Indian-style filmmaking, known elsewhere as a sound director, is the head of the sound department and the person responsible for planning the audiography  and managing the audiographers of a film.

Overview
The title is not used professionally in most parts of the world. The role and title "director of audiography" derives from Bollywood-style filmmaking in India, where it is an established title credit.
The DA works to carry out the director's vision, identifies the tasks necessary to realize this vision, budgets for those tasks, and coordinates all the work from pre-production to post-production whilst keeping an eye on overall sound quality.

Since the onset of the "talkies", a creative and professional conflict has emerged from the ongoing tension between the visual and aural dimensions of the film. Production sound crews often complain about the lack of consideration given to sound in film productions.

 Having a DA in pre-production helps to exert a powerful presence to defend the dimension of sound in film.

In the early days of the Hollywood studio system, every studio had a sound director (SD) or a recording director (RD), who headed the sound department and took sole credit for the work done by a large crew of sound technicians.

 Hollywood sound editor David Yewdall bemoans the loss of the SD in Hollywood and recalls the story of film producer Ross Hunter, working on the film Airport, who neglected to take the advice of sound editor Joe Sikorski to record aircraft sound effects on location; an SD would have immediately appreciated the financial implications of not taking such advice.

Following the demise of the studio system and the loss of the sound director, part of this role was delegated to the post-production supervisor, supervising sound editor, sound designer or production sound mixer - each role allegedly having less influence, responsibility, and scope than the former SD. Where no DA is hired - as is the case when making films in the West - there has been some debate on the most appropriate role to head the sound department; a supervising sound editor is seen as a technical manager - comparable to an art director - whereas a sound designer is viewed as a creative visionary, analogous to a production designer. 
In practice, the industry sees both roles as equivalent.

The DA should not be confused with a production supervisor or post-production supervisor - both are administrative roles in the production department. In contrast, the DA is a technical role blending leadership, management and administrative skills with creative audiography ranging over pre-production, production and post-production - constrained only by the Director's vision and the production's schedule and budget. In many ways, the DoA role is a natural extension of the more limited post-production role of supervising sound editor.

The term director of sound (DoS) has also been proposed as an alternative title to that of DA.

See also
:Category:Audio directors

References 

.01
Film sound production
Filmmaking occupations
Battle of Kampinos Forest

The Battle of Kampinos Forest was in fact a series of skirmishes and battles fought in the forests around Kampinos during the Invasion of Poland of 1939, between the Polish Army and the German Wehrmacht.

By 16 September, the remnants of the Polish Wielkopolska Cavalry Brigade, the Podolska Cavalry Brigade, and the 15th and 25th Infantry Divisions, broke out of the Bzura Pocket into the Kampinos Forest.  They were withdrawing through the large forest complex towards Warsaw and the Modlin Fortress.

The route was adopted by the  Pomorze Army, under Gen. Władysław Bortnowski, the Poznań Army, under Gen. Tadeusz Kutrzeba. At the same time the German Wehrmacht tried to cut the Polish forces out by assaulting the forests both from the north and from the south.

See also 

 List of World War II military equipment of Poland
 List of German military equipment of World War II

References

Battles of the Invasion of Poland
Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)