alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Department of Public Works and Infrastructure

The Department of Public Works and Infrastructure (DPWI; formerly the Department of Public Works) is one of the ministries of the South African government. It is responsible for public infrastructure as well as providing accommodation and property management services to all the other ministries of the South African government. It is also responsible for promoting the national Expanded Public Works Programme and for encouraging the transformation of the construction and property industries in South Africa.

In 2014 a spokesperson for the official opposition, David Maynier of the DA, described the department as "monumentally incompetent", and asked that it be kicked out of the SANDF. Secretary of Defence Sam Gulube said that the SANDF experienced a repair and maintenance backlog of some R8 to R13 billion, and that maintenance underspending by the department amounted to R1.6 billion over the years 2012 to 2014.

In March 2022 nine state department buildings in Pretoria were closed and their essential services interrupted when the department fell in arrears with its rent payments and allegedly owed R124 million. The department blamed the landlord, Bothongo Group, of rent that was not market related, while the group countered that the department was "a nest of corruption", which has no complaints when bribes are paid. Questions were also raised about noncontractual rent payments by the department to Armscor.

Branches
Policy
Expanded Public Works Programme
Asset Management
Finance and Procurement
Operations
Human Resource Management
Information Technology

References

External links
 

Public Works
South Africa
South Africa
Bog garden

A bog garden is a type of garden that employs permanently moist (but not waterlogged) soil to create a habitat for plants and creatures which thrive in such conditions. It may exploit existing poor drainage in the garden, or it may be artificially created using pond liners or other materials to trap water in the area. Any such structure must allow a small amount of seepage to prevent the water stagnating. For instance, a pond liner must be pierced a few times. Typically a bog garden consists of a shallow area adjoining a pond or other water feature, but care must be taken to prevent water draining from a higher to a lower level. The minimum sustainable depth is . Good drainage is provided by gravel placed over the liner, and the bog can be kept watered by using a perforated hose below the surface.

Plants which enjoy boggy soil or shallow water around their roots (marginals) include:
 Butomus umbellatus (flowering rush)
 Caltha palustris (marsh marigold)
 Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap)
 Drosera (sundews)
 Iris pseudacorus (yellow flag)
 Lobelia cardinalis
 Lysimachia nummularia (creeping jenny)
 Menyanthes trifoliata (bogbean)
 Myosotis scorpioides (water forget-me-not)
 Osmunda regalis (royal fern)
 Persicaria amplexicaulis (red bistort)
 Persicaria bistorta (bistort)
 Pinguicula (butterworts)
 Primula pulverulenta (candelabra primula)
 Sarracenia (North American pitcher plants)
 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani 'Zebrinus' (striped rush)
 Scrophularia auriculata 'Variegata' (water figwort)
 Trollius × cultorum (globeflower)
 Utricularia (bladderworts)

See also

 Garden pond
 Water garden
 List of garden types

References

Types of garden
Bogs
Serious Fraud Office

The Serious Fraud Office may refer to:

 Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)
 Serious Fraud Office (New Zealand)
 Serious Fraud Investigation Office, India
Richard Duncan Fraser

Richard Duncan Fraser (ca. 1784 – April 1, 1857) was a fur trader, businessman, farmer and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Quebec around 1784, the son of Thomas Fraser, and grew up in Edwardsburgh Township in Upper Canada. He worked from 1802 to 1806 as a clerk for the North West Company with Duncan Cameron at Lake Nipigon. He returned to Upper Canada in 1807 and settled at Johnstown. He served as lieutenant in the Dundas County Militia during the War of 1812, becoming captain in 1813 and raising his own Troop of Provincial Light Dragoons, and fought at the Battle of Crysler's Farm. Fraser was named justice of the peace in the Johnstown District in 1816. In 1818, he was fined for an assault on Robert Gourlay who was holding meetings in the eastern part of Upper Canada. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada in 1830 for Grenville. In 1832, he was appointed customs collector at Brockville. He was Colonel of the Grenville County Militia and commanded the overall combined militia regiments at the Battle of the Windmill in 1838. In 1839, Fraser triggered some friction between Canada and the United States when he seized an American schooner for failing to declare a cannon to customs. By 1840, several banks had secured judgements against him for unpaid loans and the government was pressing him for customs duties that he had collected but not provided. He lost his post as customs collector and justice of the peace in 1843. He retired to the farm that he had named Fraserfield located on the Saint Lawrence, where he died in 1857.

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1780s births
1857 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
Canadian fur traders
Year of birth uncertain
Canadian justices of the peace
Meillionen railway station

Meillionen railway station is a halt on the Welsh Highland Railway.  It opened to the public when the section of line between Rhyd Ddu and Beddgelert re-opened on 8 April 2009.

The station has been built to serve the popular the holiday cabins and campsite at Beddgelert, run by Forest Holidays. The railway provides a greener alternative to the car for visitors wishing to travel to Caernarfon, Porthmadog and, other points served in the Snowdonian National Park.

The name Meillionen  derives from the Afon Meillionen (Welsh  for Clover River) which runs under the railway a little to the north. Before completion, it was to be called Beddgelert Forest Halt but was renamed to comply with the company's policy of naming WHR halts in Welsh. After completion the halt's running in board, however, did have the sub-title Forest Camp Site. This subsequently changed in April 2018 and now displays the main title Meillionen only. Construction of the station started in 2006 and a waiting shelter was built in April 2009.

References

External links
Forest Holidays website
Beddgelert campsite website
The Welsh Highland Railway Project - official reconstruction site
Welsh Highland Railway
Rebuilding The Welsh Highland Railway - an independent site
Welsh Highland Railway Timetables
Video footage of Meillionen station

Heritage railway stations in Gwynedd
Welsh Highland Railway
Beddgelert
Railway stations built for UK heritage railways
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 2009
Alvechurch (automobile)

The Alvechurch, ALC, was a British cyclecar manufactured by the Alvechurch Light Car Company in Alvechurch, near Birmingham, England, in 1911. The company was owned by Dunkleys, a pram maker, who also made cars under their own name.

Models
The car was powered by an 8 hp air-cooled Matchless V-twin air-cooled engine with belt drive. The company could not get the drive system to work properly, and only two cars were made.

The car was revived briefly in 1913 as the ALC but was no more successful.

See also
 List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

References

Vintage vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Cyclecars
Companies based in Worcestershire
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1911
Asian race

The term Asian race (in reference to humans) may refer to:

Asian people
Mongoloid race
Central Asian peoples: Turkic peoples, Iranian peoples.
East Asian peoples: List of Chinese ethnic groups (historical), Sino-Tibetan peoples, Japanese people, Koreans, Mongols
South Asian peoples: Ethnic groups of India, Ethnic groups in Pakistan, Dravidians, Indo-Aryans, Munda people.
West Asian peoples: Saudis, Iraqis, Kuwaitis, Lebanese, Israelis, Palestinians, Armenians, Georgians, Azerbaijanis, Anatolians (Turkey), Cypriots, Emiratis, Omanis, Syrians, Jordanians, Yemenis, Qataris, Bahrainis, Egyptians (Sinai Peninsula)

See also
Asiatic race (disambiguation)
Asian American
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census
Asian Canadian
Asian Australian

fr:Asiatique (humain)
The Ridge, Shimla

The Ridge road is a large open space, located in the center of Shimla, the capital city of Himachal Pradesh, India.  The Ridge is the hub of all cultural activities of Shimla. It is situated along the Mall Road, which is the famous shopping center of Shimla. Most major places of Shimla like Sanjauli Snowdown (IGMC), Mall Road, Jakhu Temple, Oakover, Kali Bari, Annadale, etc. are connected through the Ridge.

It runs east to west alongside the Mall Road, and joins it at the Scandal Point on the west side. On the east side, The Ridge road leads to Lakkar Bazaar, a wooden crafts market. It's the major landmark and the most easily recognized face of the hill station. When winter sets in and when the country had its first major snowfall of the year, most newspapers printed photos of the ridge submerged in clumps of fresh snow.

Prominent landmarks on the Ridge area is Christ Church, a neo-Gothic structure built in 1844 and a Tudorbethan styled library building built in 1910. There are four statues on the ridge; that of Mahatma Gandhi, Indira Gandhi, Dr. Y.S. Parmar the first chief minister of Himachal Pradesh and the recently established statue of Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

The biggest hill city of the world, at one time the base ridge of Shimla had the thickest forest of the area, now the green slopes are covered with firs, pines, the Himalayan oak and carmine rhododendron trees, among which are dotted red-roofed chalets, half-timbered houses and Gothic Government buildings are visible from The Ridge.

Importance

Underneath the Ridge, large water tanks are placed from which water is supplied to the British era tourist town. The Ridge houses the city's lifeline in terms of the water reservoir, with a capacity of 1,000,000 gallons of water, beneath it. Because these tanks are significantly large in size, they have been used as the main water supply for Shimla. The reservoir is stated to have been constructed in the 1880s, without using any cement and only lime mortar was used.

The Ridge is famous for the various government functions and fairs that are held here. It is usually the venue for all such celebrations and events. The most famous festival that is held at the Ridge is the Summer Festival. This famous festival is held during the months of April or May and the whole of Shimla comes alive with colors and a riot of activities. Prominent landmarks on The Ridge include Christ Church, a neo-Gothic structure built in the 1850s, and a Tudorbethan-styled library building.

References

External links
Shimla Tourism at District Administration of Shimla Website

Tourist attractions in Shimla
British-era buildings in Himachal Pradesh
Atomette

The Atomette was a British three-wheeled cyclecar manufactured by Allan Thomas in Cleveland Street, Wolverhampton in 1922. 

The car was powered by an air-cooled 3.5 hp Villiers two-stroke engine driving the single rear wheel through a three-speed gearbox. The body had no pretence of having a radiator. Prototypes & early cars were single seat and cost 90 guineas (£94.50). Later, cars were made which seated two people side by side. These cost 95 guineas (£99.75). The car could be ordered in a choice of blue, grey or green.

See also
 List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

References

External links
 Wolverhampton History & Heritage Atomette article, photos and drawings

Vintage vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Three-wheeled motor vehicles
Cyclecars
Companies based in Wolverhampton
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1922
Hammond Castle

Hammond Castle is located on the Atlantic coast in the Magnolia area of Gloucester, Massachusetts. The castle, which was constructed between 1926 and 1929, was the home, laboratory, and museum of John Hays Hammond Jr., an inventor and pioneer in the study of remote control who held over four hundred patents. The building is composed of modern and 15th-, 16th-, and 18th-century architectural elements and sits on a rocky cliff overlooking Gloucester Harbor.

The castle operates as the Hammond Castle Museum, displaying Hammond's collection of Roman, medieval, and Renaissance artifacts as well as exhibits about his life and inventions. The Great Hall contains a large pipe organ which has been used for concerts and recordings by organists including Richard Ellsasser and Virgil Fox as well as many other well known artists of the time. The instrument was built by Hammond starting in the early 1920s before the castle was built. It was subsequently moved to the castle upon the castle’s completion and had multiple stages of major changes across the years. Most notably, in the 1940s, 1950s, 1970s, and 1980s. As of 2004, the organ is no longer functional.

History and development
John Hays Hammond Jr. engaged the Boston, Massachusetts architectural firm of Allen & Collens in 1923 to design Hammond's dream residence, a medieval style castle. The original castle was to be a tower house built on his father's Lookout Hill compound. Hammond's close friend, Leslie Buswell, who would soon begin construction on his own nearby home, Stillington Hall, told Hammond he was trying to recreate Chartres Cathedral, almost matching the 121' high nave of the cathedral. In 1924, Hammond called for a more modest redesign which would reduce the height of the structure from 120' to 87' and a footprint of 43' by 30', but maintain the tower house style. After being ordered from the Lookout Hill property by his parents, Hammond moved to purchase a new site a mile to the south near Norman's Woe Reef. A complete redesign was developed which resulted in a shorter castle (81') but larger footprint (142' by 70').

Gallery

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Gloucester, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Massachusetts

References

 American Castles, by Julian Cavalier, published 1973, pages 15–287.

External links

John Hays Hammond Jr. and His Castle Museum
The Infography of John Hays Hammond Jr.
Hammond Castle Museum official site
The History of Hammond Castle

Houses in Gloucester, Massachusetts
Castles in Massachusetts
Castles in the United States
Historic house museums in Massachusetts
Museums in Essex County, Massachusetts
Biographical museums in Massachusetts
Museums established in 1930
History museums in Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Essex County, Massachusetts
GDCA

GDCA may refer to:
Global Digital Currency Association
Game Developers Choice Awards
General Department of Civil Aviation of Armenia
Umbrella fund

An umbrella fund is a collective investment scheme that exists as a single legal entity but has several distinct sub-funds which, in effect, are traded as individual investment funds.

This type of arrangement originated in the European investment management industry, most notably with the SICAV (an open-ended collective investment). The SICAV model was copied for the UK Open-ended investment company (OEIC) and offshore fund models.

Advantages
The umbrella fund structure makes it cheaper for investors to move from one sub-fund to another and saves the investment manager costs relating to regulatory duplication.
An umbrella fund can also be set up to provide retirement, death and other benefits to members of a participating employer. In such a fund there are several participating employers who enjoy more or less the same benefits and the fund is managed by professional trustees. They cut the cost by saving on maintenance and management fees and sometimes take advantage of reduced tax rates.

See also
Collective investment schemes
Investment management
Mutual funds
OEIC
SICAV

Other umbrella terms
Umbrella brand
Umbrella organization
Umbrella school
Umbrella term

References

Investment funds
Juan Minujín

Juan Gervasio Minujín (born May 20, 1975) is an Argentine actor and film director. He is the nephew of plastic artist Marta Minujín.

Career 
He trained as an actor with Cristina Banegas, Julio Chávez, Alberto Ure, Pompeyo Audivert and Guillermo Angelelli. In 1996 he began to work in theater. Between 1997 and 1998 he moved to London, where he completed his training as an actor. From 2000, he was a guest actor in the El Descueve group, with whom he participates in tours in Latin America and Europe.

Filmography

Movies

Television

Theater 
 Venus en piel - Dir. Javier Daulte
 El principio de Arquímedes
 Living-Todos Felices - Dir. Oscar Martínez
 Jardín-Todos Felices - Dir. Oscar Martínez
 Comedor-Todos Felices - Dir. Oscar Martínez
 El Pasado es un Animal Grotesco - M. Pensotti
 Sucio - Dir. Ana Frenkel / M. Pensotti
 Cuchillos en gallinas Dir. A. Tantanian
 Rebenque Show
 Vapor - Dir. Mariano Pensotti
 Conferencia - Dir. Martin Bauer
 El Malogrado - Dir. Martin Bauer
 Hermosura - Europe Tour
 Patito Feo - With the group El Descueve
 Hermosura - With the group El Descueve
 El pasajero del barco del sol
 Espumantes
 Edipo Rey de Hungría
 Luna - Dir. Marcelo Katz
 Las Troyanas
 Hamlet
 La Funerala
 Nada & Ave
 La Verdad

Videoclips

Awards and nominations

References

External links 
 Juan Minujín at cinenacional.com
 

1975 births
Living people
Male actors from Buenos Aires
Argentine male film actors
Argentine people of Jewish descent
Argentine people of Lebanese descent
Argentine Druze
Autotrix

The Autotrix was a British three-wheeled cyclecar manufactured by Edmunds, Wadden & Co in Weybridge, Surrey between 1911 and 1914.

A review of the 1912 Motor Cycle and Cycle Car Show at Olympia reported that the car had undergone several improvements since it was shown at the 1911 show, particularly in the area of the rear suspension, and overall it bore little resemblance to its predecessor. They stated that it would be difficult to point out a more promising three-wheeler for touring purposes, especially from the point of view of comfort, in the whole of the exhibits. Three models were available, a 6 hp and 8 hp air-cooled and an 8 hp water-cooled.

See also
 List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

References

Vintage vehicles
Three-wheeled motor vehicles
Cyclecars
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1911
1911 establishments in England
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1914
1914 disestablishments in England
Navigational triangle

The navigational triangle or PZX triangle is a spherical triangle used in astronavigation to determine the observer's position on the globe. It is composed of three reference points on the celestial sphere:

 P is the Celestial Pole (either North or South). It is a fixed point.
 Z is the observer's zenith, or their position on the celestial sphere.
 X is the position of a celestial body, such as the sun, moon, a planet, or a star.

The position of Z or X is described via its declination—the angular distance north or south of the equator (corresponding to its latitude)—and the hour angle—the angle between its meridian and the Greenwich meridian (corresponding to its longitude). If the observer knows the angles subtended by P, Z, and X, they can calculate their position on the globe. By measuring the angle of the celestial body in the sky, the observer can get the local hour angle (LHA) of X, which is the angle subtended at P between Z and X (the angle between the Z and X's meridians) and calculate the longitude by subtracting from the Greenwich hour angle of the celestial body. Finding the latitude requires measuring the vertical angle (altitude) of X from the horizon using a sextant, the declination of X from a reference book, and a set of sight reduction Tables.

The sun, moon, and planets move relative to the celestial sphere, but the only the stars' hour angles change with the rotation of the earth, completing a full 360 degrees every solar day.

Gallery

References

Altitudes and the PZX at opensacandaga.com
CELESTIAL NAVIGATION at icys.co.uk

Spherical astronomy
Navigation
Paul Mounsey

Paul Mounsey (born 15 April 1959) is a Scottish musician, composer, arranger and record producer.

A graduate of Trinity College, London, where he studied with Richard Arnell, Mounsey has composed for film, television, theatre, and television commercials, as well as the concert hall and the Latin American pop market. He has written pop hits for Mexican boy bands, received commissions for concert and multimedia works, lived with and recorded the music of indigenous communities in the Amazon rainforest, and to date released five solo albums. He is currently based in Los Angeles, California, United States, working as composer, orchestrator and programmer in the film industry.

Discography

Solo albums 
To date, Paul Mounsey has released five solo albums:
 Nahoo (1994)
 NahooToo (1997)
 Nahoo 3 – Notes from the Republic (1999)
 City of Walls (2003)
 Tha Na Laithean a' Dol Seachad (The Days Flash Past) (2005)

With Runrig 
 Proterra (2003)

References 
 Folk World magazine
 All Celtic Music article
 BDi Music composer profile

External links 
 
 BDi Music Composer Biography
 Planeta Musical Sur
 Folk World interview
 Green Man Review
 [ allmusic entry]

Celtic fusion musicians
1959 births
Living people
Scottish keyboardists
Scottish composers
Scottish male songwriters
Scottish record producers
20th-century Scottish male singers
British music arrangers
British male songwriters
V. C. Kulandaiswamy

V C Kulandaiswamy (14 July 1929 – 10 December 2016) was an Indian academic and author. He completed his Bachelor of engineering in Civil at Government College of Technology, Coimbatore. He obtained his Master of Technology degree from IIT Kharagpur and obtained a PhD in hydrology and water resources from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (United States).

Kulandaiswamy created an eponymous mathematical model for the rainfall-runoff relationship based on a general equation developed by him. Kulandaiswamy was a member of the UNESCO planning group (1978) for the preparation of the second six-year plan (1981–86) of the International Hydraulic Programme (IHP). He has authored more than 60 research reports and papers in the field of hydrology. He has authored six volumes of poems and seven of prose essays which earned him the Thiruvalluvar Award by Tamil Nadu government in 1999. He has received the Padma Bhushan (2002) and Padma Shri (1992), awarded by the president of India.

He worked for reform of Tamil script to make learning Tamil easier. He won the Sahitya Akademi Award (1988) for his book Vaazhum Valluvam. He died on 10 December 2016 after a short illness.

References

1929 births
2016 deaths
Scientists from Tamil Nadu
Tamil scholars
Tamil poets
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Tamil
IIT Kharagpur alumni
Indian Tamil academics
People from Karur district
20th-century Indian educators
Indian hydrologists
Department of Correctional Services (South Africa)

The Department of Correctional Services is a department of the South African government. It is responsible for running South Africa's prison system. The department has about 34,000 staff and is responsible for the administration of 240 prisons, which  accommodates about 189,748 inmates. The prisons include minimum, medium and maximum security facilities. The agency is headquartered in the West Block of the Poyntons Building in Pretoria.

The political head of the department is the Minister of Justice and Correctional Services, who is supported by a Deputy Minister of Correctional Services.  the minister is Ronald Lamola and the deputy minister is Patekile Holomisa. In the 2020 budget, R26,800.0 million was appropriated for the department. In the 2018/19 financial year the department had 38,459 employees.

Correctional centres

The 178 prisons run by the department include:
 9 women-only prisons
 13 prisons for young offenders
 40 prisons for male offenders
 72 prisons for both male and female offenders
 5 prisons that are temporarily closed down or undergoing renovations

Notable prisons

 Pollsmoor Prison in the Western Cape Province is the largest maximum security prison and houses inmates serving life or long term sentences.
 C Max in Pretoria is also a maximum security prison which houses inmates serving long sentences and those that are considered flight risks.
 The former Pretoria Central Prison now known as Kgosi Mampuru II (who was hanged at the prison on 22 November 1883 for public violence and revolt, as well as the murder of rival leader Sekhukhune), was the official site for capital punishment in South Africa before the end of apartheid, frequently meted out against opponents of the apartheid regime. Capital punishment was abolished in 1995 (see Capital punishment in South Africa)
 Drakenstein Correctional Centre, the prison from which Nelson Mandela was released after being imprisoned for opposing apartheid.

Branches

 Finance
 Development and Care
 Corrections
 Central Services
 Corporate Services
 Operations & Management Support
 Departmental Investigation Unit (DIU)
 Community Corrections

Awards

Decorations

Long service medals

References

External links 

Correctional Services
South Africa
Prison and correctional agencies
South Africa, Correctional Services
Penal system in South Africa
Mike Holtz

Michael James Holtz (born October 10, 1972) is an American former professional baseball middle relief pitcher who played from  through  for the California / Anaheim Angels (1996–2001), Oakland Athletics (2002), San Diego Padres (2002), and Boston Red Sox (2006). He bats and throws left-handed.

In an eight-season career, Holtz posted a 16–19 record with a 4.76 ERA and three saves in 353 relief appearances.
 
Following the bulk of his Major League Baseball (MLB) career, Holtz played for the Yokohama BayStars of the Japanese Central League in 2005 and had a 0–1 mark with 4.38 ERA and 22 strikeouts in  innings of work. He came back to the majors to pitch in three games for the Red Sox in 2006.

External links

Boston Globe
Japanese cards

1972 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Anaheim Angels players
Baseball players from Virginia
Boise Hawks players
Boston Red Sox players
California Angels players
Edmonton Trappers players
Lake Elsinore Storm players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Midland Angels players
Nashville Sounds players
Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers
Oakland Athletics players
Pawtucket Red Sox players
Portland Beavers players
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes players
San Diego Padres players
Sportspeople from Arlington County, Virginia
Vancouver Canadians players
Yokohama BayStars players
Coppice Performing Arts School

Coppice Performing Arts School is an 11–18 mixed secondary school and sixth form with academy status in Wednesfield, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England.

The school includes a resource base for students with moderate learning difficulties. Facilities include playing fields, a Drama theatre and Dance studio. The school also offers extended school programmes within the local community.

History 
Coppice was designated as a Performing Arts school in September 2003. This has extended the range of opportunities for all students, and enhanced partnerships with local schools and community groups.

The school has the Artsmark Gold award and Investors in People standard. Coppice is also involved in the successful Sport in the Community programme, with a coordinator placed in school 2 days a week.

The most recent OFSTED inspection rated the school as requires improvement (Jan 2014) grade 3.

The school's sixth form works in collaboration with Wednesfield High School, a number of subjects being shared across the two schools.

References

External links 
 

Secondary schools in Wolverhampton
Academies in Wolverhampton
Donald Bethune

Donald Bethune (July 11, 1802 – June 19, 1869) was a lawyer, judge, entrepreneur and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Williamstown in Upper Canada in 1802, the son of Reverend John Bethune. Donald was part of a prominent family which included four brothers of note: Alexander Neil, became bishop of the diocese of Toronto, James Gray Bethune was a businessman, Angus Bethune was prominent in the fur trade and John Bethune was an Anglican clergyman and acting principal of McGill University.

He studied with his brother John, in Augusta Township and with John Strachan in Cornwall. He articled in law with Jonas Jones and was called to the bar in 1823. He served as judge in the Bathurst and Prince Edward District courts. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada for the town of Kingston in 1828; he was defeated in 1830.

In 1833, he became involved in shipping goods on Lake Ontario, buying a steamboat. In 1840, he was awarded the contract for delivering mail and expanded his fleet of steamboats. He was originally based in Cobourg, but moved to Toronto in 1843. After fierce competition with Hugh Richardson to control the shipping business in the region, Bethune's business failed in 1848 and again in 1851, after the banks allowed him to lease back his boats. Bethune left for England in 1853; after his return in 1858, he returned to the practice of law at Port Hope.

He died in Toronto in 1869.

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Steamboat Promotion and Changing Technology: the Careers of James Sutherland and the Magnet, Walter Lewis
"Until Further Notice": The Royal Mail Line and the Passenger Steamboat Trade on Lake Ontario and the Upper St. Lawrence River, 1838-1875, Walter Lewis

References 

1802 births
1869 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
Upper Canada judges
Canadian people of American descent
Araia

Araia may refer to:

Araia, Álava, a town in Álava, Basque Country, Spain
Francesco Araja, also known as Francesco Araia
ARAIA, Associate of the (Royal) Australian Institute of Architects

See also
 Araya (disambiguation)
Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children

The Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children was based in Bethnal Green in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, London. In 1996, the hospital became part of The Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, later renamed Barts and The London NHS Trust. In 1998, the services previously carried out by the hospital were transferred to the Royal London Hospital.

History
The hospital was formed in 1942 by the amalgamation of two institutions founded in the mid-Victorian era.

One of its origins lies in the Dispensary for Women and Children, founded in Bethnal Green in the East End of London by two Quaker sisters, Ellen and Mary Philips, in 1867. The following year it moved to premises in Hackney, re-focused on pediatrics, and was renamed the North Eastern Hospital for Children, opened by Princess Louise. The hospital continued to expand and a substantial new building was opened by Princess Beatrice in 1902. This organisation became the Queen's Hospital for Children in 1907.

The other main origin of the 1942 hospital was the East London Hospital for Children, founded by the newly married couple Sarah Maud Heckford and Dr. Nathaniel Heckford in 1868. They had met while assisting patients during the cholera epidemic in 1866. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, the first English female doctor, was a visiting physician there. In 1932 it was renamed the Princess Elizabeth of York Hospital for Children.

A new site, known as the Banstead Wood Country Hospital, opened in 1936. The Queen's Hospital for Children amalgamated with the Princess Elizabeth of York Hospital for Children to form the Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children in 1942.

The Shadwell site closed in 1963, the Bethnal Green site closed in 1996, and the Banstead site closed in 1998. Rydon Homes and Family Mosaic Housing Association started the demolition of the old buildings at Bethnal Green and the redevelopment of the site in 2014. A time capsule was discovered there in December 2014, containing newspapers, a catalogue of donors, a hymn sheet and a ribbon from the opening ceremony performed by Princess Beatrice in 1902. By August 2016, the redevelopment of the site was complete with 24 homes standing there.

See also
List of hospitals in England

References

External links

Defunct hospitals in London
Children's hospitals in the United Kingdom
Bethnal Green
Whitehouse Independent School District

The Whitehouse Independent School District is a school district in Whitehouse, Texas, United States. In addition to Whitehouse, the district also serves some of the southeast Tyler.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

In 2021, a survey conducted by students revealed the Whitehouse High School was "just alright".

School campuses
Whitehouse High School (grades 9-12)
Whitehouse Junior High (grades 7-8)
J.W. Holloway Middle (grade 6)
H.L. Higgins Elementary (grades preK-5)
Mozelle Brown Elementary (grade preK-5)
Stanton-Smith Elementary (grades preK-5)
Gus Winston Cain Elementary (grades preK-5)

Extracurricular programs
Extracurricular programs include high class concert and marching band, a choir program, a theater arts company, art classes, Spanish (from 7th grade), and athletics. Whitehouse's marching band is known as "The Best Marching Band in East Texas" because of the extravagant performances they put on during hometown football games and their role in the Tyler Rose Parade, Christmas parade, and other area celebrations. Onlookers often mistake the Whitehouse Junior High Band for a high school marching band because of their skill and prestige. Likewise, the Whitehouse High School Band could be mistaken for a College level band. Not only for their musicianship, but their sheer size, which is roughly 270 members strong. This has left the residents of Whitehouse and the surrounding cities eager to view their next performances. The District also is known for its outstanding athletic program, in which, On November 8, the high school football team became undefeated in regular season play, beating John Tyler High School, led by Kansas City Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes. Additionally, the baseball program has reached the UIL State Baseball Tournament twice (2013, 2006, and 2016)

Officials
The district is led by Dr. Christopher Moran, superintendent of schools. The WISD school board is led by Greg Hood, president; Wade Weathers, vice president; and Holly Conaway, secretary.

Principals
Whitehouse High School: Joshua Gared
Whitehouse Junior High School: William Ripley 
Holloway Middle School: Cole Sartor
Stanton-Smith Elementary School: Greg Dean
Higgins Elementary School: Joanne Saul
Brown Elementary School: Julie Fowler
Cain Elementary School: Laurie Blain

References

External links
Official site

School districts in Smith County, Texas
Education in Tyler, Texas
AV (cyclecar)

The AV was a British cyclecar manufactured by Ward and Avey in Somerset Road, Teddington Middlesex between 1919 and 1924.

It was one of the more successful cyclecars and was based on a design bought from Carden and built in the factory that they had previously used. At the peak they had 80 employees.

The first model was a single-seater, the Monocar, only  wide with bodies built by the Thames Valley Pattern Works  out of wood, plywood or even compressed paper. The complete car only weighed about . Engines were rear mounted, air-cooled and rated from 5 to 8hp. There was a choice of JAP (most commonly), Blackburne or rarely MAG units. Gearboxes were either a two-speed epicyclic unit with foot-operated change or three-speed Sturmey-Archer with chain drive to the rear axle. Steering was by a wire and bobbin system with the entire front axle being pivoted on early cars. Several hundred were made.

The Monocar was described by Ixion of The Motor Cycle as "a low, coffin-shape projectile, moderately attractive in dense fog.

In 1920 a two-seater, the Bi-car, was added with the passenger behind the driver.  The width of the car increased to 36 inches.  About 50 were made.  A more conventional side by side model was added in 1921 called the Runabout with a  body  long.  The original Monocar and Bi-car were dropped in 1922 but production of the Runabout continued until 1924 and later to special order.

The company changed its name in 1923 to A.V. Motors Ltd and after the end of car production became Jowett and later Rootes Group dealers.

See also
 List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

References

External links
 1919 AV Monocar advertisement

Vintage vehicles
Cyclecars
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Vehicle manufacture in London
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1919
Lesser Samuels

Lesser Samuels (26 July 1894 – 22 December 1980) enjoyed a 20-year career as a Hollywood screenwriter.

He is best known for back-to-back Oscar nominations for the racial drama No Way Out in 1950 and Billy Wilder's lacerating critique of tabloid journalism Ace in the Hole the following year.

Samuels also wrote and served as associate producer on the notorious Biblical flop The Silver Chalice - a film which its star Paul Newman deemed one of the low points of his career - in 1954.

Samuels co-authored the book for the 1960 Frank Loesser musical Greenwillow.

Selected filmography
 It's Love Again (1936)

References

External links

1894 births
1980 deaths
American male screenwriters
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters
John Fitzgerald (center)

John Robert Fitzgerald (born April 16, 1948) is a former American football center in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys. He was selected in the fourth round of the 1970 NFL Draft. He played college football at Boston College

Early years
Fitzgerald attended Southbridge High School in Southbridge, Massachusetts, where he started as a 315 lb fullback. He also competed in the shot put.

He accepted a football scholarship from Boston College, where he became a two-way tackle, playing both offense and defense during his three-year varsity career.

In 1982, he was inducted into the Boston College Varsity Club Athletic Hall of Fame.

Professional career
Fitzgerald was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the fourth round (101st overall) of the 1970 NFL Draft. The team played him first as a defensive tackle, before trying him at different offensive line positions. He was waived before the start of the season on September 2. He was later signed to the taxi squad. 

In 1971, he was a backup at offensive guard. In 1972, he was converted into a center during training camp and was the backup behind Dave Manders. 

In 1973, he took over the starting position from Manders, at the time, he was taller than the prototype center. In 1974, he missed 2 games, but was able to start most of the season while limited with an injured knee and an injured elbow.

In 1975, head coach Tom Landry re-introduced to the NFL the shotgun formation. Fitzgerald took great pride in making it work, with his ability to snap the ball 7 yards back without looking.

In 1977, he missed 2 games with knee and ankle injuries. He re-injured the knee during a practice in December, but still managed to play throughout the playoffs. In 1978, he missed 2 games while battling through ankle, shoulder and back spams problems.

In 1979, Fitzgerald named the offensive line as the "Four Irishmen and a Scott", referring to himself, Pat Donovan, Jim Cooper, Tom Rafferty and Herb Scott. 

In 1980, he missed 2 regular season games and 3 playoff contests with shoulder and knee injuries. Robert Shaw was his replacement.

On August 31, 1981, he was placed on the injured reserve list, he was i. On January 11, 1982, he announced his retirement due to injuries and Tom Rafferty being already entrenched at the starting center position.

Fitzgerald never appeared in a Pro Bowl, but still became a central part of a strong offensive line in Dallas for most of the decade. He helped the Cowboys win 2 Super Bowl championships and make playoff appearances every season except one during his time. He played in 138 games over 10 NFL seasons.

References

External links
Boston College bio
Accurate centers

1948 births
Living people
People from Southbridge, Massachusetts
Players of American football from Worcester County, Massachusetts
American football centers
Boston College Eagles football players
Dallas Cowboys players
Customer service representative

Customer service representatives, customer service advisors, customer service agents, or customer service associates are employees who interact with customers to handle and resolve complaints, process orders, and provide information about an organization’s products and services. They may work in an office with a call center or in retail. Customer service representatives answer questions or requests from customers or the public. They typically provide services by phone, but some also interact with customers face to face, by email or text, via live chat, and through social media. Qualifications include good communication, problem-solving, and computer skills.

Required skills 
Customer service representative positions often require at least a high school diploma. Representatives often have some experience with office software.

First impressions are very important in this job. The moment one begins to communicate with a customer, one is being judged. The way one communicates with a customer will not only influence how the conversation develops, but the overall impression of the CSR and the organization they represent. There are five key customer service skills that define the best CSRs:      
 Ability to establish rapport with customers. 
 Problem solving     
 Strong listening skills    
 Strong commercial awareness     
 Team working

Salary 

Although earnings may vary, the median hourly average for CSRs in 2017 was $15.81, in the US. People in this job typically have less than 20 years' experience. Skills that are associated with high pay for this job are those in customer service metrics, Microsoft Office, customer relationship management, and oral and verbal communication.

See also
 Sales territory
Clerk

References

Business occupations
Le Fil

Le Fil is the second album by French singer–songwriter Camille. First released in 2005, the album was reissued with four bonus tracks in 2006 in the United States, the UK and Australia. The title translates as "The Thread".

The album features a low-level drone (a B tone) in the background of every song, which Camille has described as "[her] note". Camille has stated that many people returned the record, thinking this sound was a fault in the recording.

On the original release, the final track "Quand je marche" has a runtime close to 39 minutes. The actual song is only four minutes in duration, but the tone extends for over 30 minutes after it has ended. The final 30 seconds contain Camille speaking in French.  The extended ending was cut from reissues featuring bonus tracks.

It has been most frequently compared to Björk's Medúlla, for Camille's use of her voice as an instrument in innovative ways.

The track "Ta Douleur" placed 26 in the Triple J Hottest 100 for 2006.

In 2008, the eighth track on Le Fil, "Senza", was used by Ford in televised adverts for their Kuga SUV. The advert premiered at half time of the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final, opening up a new Pan-European audience to Camille's work. It has continued to air on networks across Europe throughout Euro 2008.

In 2010, the track "Ta douleur" was featured in the Saturday Night Live sketch "Les Jeunes de Paris".

Track listing
 "La jeune fille aux cheveux blancs"
 "Ta douleur"
 "Assise"
 "Janine I"
 "Vous"
 "Baby Carni Bird"
 "Pour que l'amour me quitte"
 "Senza"
 "Janine II"
 "Vertige"
 "Au port"
 "Janine III"
 "Pâle septembre"
 "Rue de Ménilmontant"
 "Quand je marche"

Reissue bonus tracks:
 "J'ai tort"
 "Jolie bruine"
 "Lumière"
 "Femme libérée"

Charts

Awards
Prix Constantin, 2005
Victoires de la Musique, 2006

References

Camille (singer) albums
2005 albums
Virgin Records albums
Experimental pop albums
A cappella albums
Mass distribution

In physics and mechanics, mass distribution is the spatial distribution of mass within a solid body. In principle, it is relevant also for gases or liquids, but on Earth their mass distribution is almost homogeneous.

Astronomy
In astronomy mass distribution has decisive influence on the development e.g. of nebulae, stars and planets.
The mass distribution of a solid defines its center of gravity and influences its dynamical behaviour - e.g. the oscillations and eventual rotation.

Mathematical modelling
A mass distribution can be modeled as a measure. This allows point masses, line masses, surface masses, as well as masses given by a volume density function. Alternatively the latter can be generalized to a distribution. For example, a point mass is represented by a delta function defined in 3-dimensional space. A surface mass on a surface given by the equation  may be represented by a density distribution , where  is the mass per unit area.

The mathematical modelling can be done by potential theory, by numerical methods (e.g. a great number of mass points), or by theoretical equilibrium figures.

Geology
In geology the aspects of rock density are involved.

Rotating solids
Rotating solids are affected considerably by the mass distribution, either if they are homogeneous or inhomogeneous - see Torque, moment of inertia, wobble, imbalance and stability.

See also
 Bouguer plate
 Gravity
 Mass function
 Mass concentration (astronomy)

External links
 Mass distribution of the Earth

Mechanics
Celestial mechanics
Geophysics
Mass
Preston University (Pakistan)

Preston University (Pakistan) () is a private university in Pakistan.  It was established as the School of Business and Commerce in 1984. The university is currently located in Kohat (main campus), Islamabad, Peshawar, Lahore, Karachi. It is recognized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC).

Preston University is the first private university of Pakistan and now has one of the largest networks of campuses in the country.

References

https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/universities/Pages/Illegal-DAIs.aspx

http://preston.edu.pk/

External links 
Preston University, Pakistan website
 http://hec.gov.pk/english/universities/Pages/Sindh/Preston-University.aspx

Universities and colleges in Lahore
Private universities and colleges in Pakistan
HuH (magazine)

huH was a monthly popular music magazine in the United States during the 1990s.

History and profile
The magazine was published by Ray Gun Publishing, Inc. based in Santa Monica, California and owned by the Warner Music Enterprises, a subsidiary of Time Warner. It was launched in September 1994 as a new business venture concept in a mixed music sample marketing/publishing format. huH was edited by Ray Gun Publishing Editorial Director Mark Blackwell and was designed by Vaughan Oliver and Jerome Curchod. The magazine's editorial staff also included writer Dean Kuipers. huH was published on a monthly basis.

Initially, the magazine came packaged in a prototype sent by mail that included the square-ish magazine and a VHS tape with videos by artists mentioned in the magazine, all boxed up in styrofoam and sealed in plastic wrap. After marketing stabilization and a format change, the magazine included sampler CDs released on a monthly basis by genre while reviews were contained within the magazine. The format then changed to a numbered sequence with all sample songs on one CD per month. 

huH mostly featured articles on rock, rap and alternative music. The magazine also included a letters section with a mostly youth audience, news briefs, and cartoons. Its large, almost square design distinguished it among other publications.

huH stopped circulating in 1996.

References

Defunct magazines published in the United States
Former WarnerMedia subsidiaries
Magazines established in 1994
Magazines disestablished in 1996
Magazines published in California
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Music magazines published in the United States