alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Kogarasu Maru

The Kogarasu Maru (小烏丸), or "Little Crow Circle, is a unique Japanese tachi sword believed to have been created by legendary Japanese smith Amakuni during the  8th century AD.

Blade classification and history
Kissaki Moroha Zukuri (鋒両刃造) blades like the Kogarasu Maru are sometimes referred to as Kogarasu Zukuri (小烏造), since the blade of the Kogarasu Maru is shaped this way and is well known for its distinctive sugata. The Kogarasu Maru is unique as a bridge between the old double-edged Japanese ken (based on the Chinese jian) and the traditional Japanese tachi and eventual katana.

The Kogarasu Maru was designed with a curved double-edged blade approximately 62.8 cm long. One edge of the blade is shaped in normal tachi fashion, but unlike the tachi, the tip is symmetrical and both edges of the blade are sharp, except for about 20 cm of the trailing or concave edge nearest the hilt, which is rounded. A single koshi-hi (腰樋) style groove runs from the tang to the transition point where the blade becomes double-edged, and is invariably accompanied by a soe-hi (添樋). The hardening process yielded a straight temper line (sugaha hamon, 直刃刃文) on both sides of the blade.

The Kogarasu Maru is currently in the Japanese Imperial Collection. The tang of the Kogarasu Maru is not signed but the blade is believed to have been made in either the early Heian period or late Nara period, by the swordsmith Amakuni, who is said to have created the first curved Japanese sword and is believed to have lived during this period. Two other Kogarasu Zukuri blades exist from this era, but many other blades of this type have been created throughout Japanese history.

Murata Tsuneyoshi, a General of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Meiji era, created the first Gunto, famously known as Murata-To which is a Kissaki Moroha Zukuri style double edged Katana.

In popular culture
Though rare, Kissaki Moroha Zukuri style Katanas have also been featured in Japanese novels, manga and anime.
 In Arifureta: From Commonplace to World's Strongest  light novel series, the main protagonist Hajime Nagumo crafted a black Shirasaya Katana with a double edged black blade named Tsumehirameki, its design resembling Kogarasu Maru.
 In Toji no Miko, Juujou Hiyori has an okatana named Kogarasumaru and it also has the same design as the original Kogarasumaru.
 In Highschool of the Dead, Saeko Busujima received a Meiji era Gunto named Murata-Tou which is a Kogarasu Zukuri style Gunto made by Murata Tsuneyoshi in the Tokyo Armory.
 In Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice, the black Mortal Blade acquired by Genichiro Ashina is a double edged katana in this style.
 A Storm Rider team from Air Gear was named after this sword.
 In the video game Nioh, players can acquire Kogarasu Maru as a weapon.
The anime character known as Mugen from “Samurai Champloo 2004” wields a sword strikingly similar to this blade.

References
 Sato, Kanzan (1983). The Japanese Sword: A Comprehensive Guide. Tokyo: Kodansha International.
 Yumoto, John (1958). The Samurai Sword: A Handbook. Boston: Tuttle Publishing.

Individual Japanese swords
Amsterdam Museum

The Amsterdam Museum, known until 2010 as the Amsterdam Historical Museum, is an Amsterdam-based museum dedicated to the city's past and present. Due to the renovation of its main location, the museum is temporarily located in the building the Amstelhof on the Amstel River, together with the Hermitage Amsterdam and the dependence of the Museum van de Geest.

History
The museum opened in 1926 in the Waag, one of Amsterdam's 15th-century city gates. It has been located since 1975 in a former convent that was used from 1581 onwards as Amsterdam's municipal orphanage. The building was extended by Hendrick and his son Pieter de Keyser, then rebuilt by Jacob van Campen in 1634. The orphanage operated in this building until 1960.`

Collection
The museum exhibits various items related to the history of Amsterdam, from the Middle Ages to the present time. Many of the original furnishings of the city orphanage are on display, as are artifacts relating to the Rasp house, the former house of correction in Amsterdam where the prisoners were forced to rasp wood to make sawdust. As of 2011, the museum manages 70,000 objects kept in various buildings and storage areas. Of those, approximately 25,000 have been photographed and are available to the public online. To celebrate the change of their name (dropping the word "Historical") and the 10th anniversary of Wikipedia on January 15, 2011, the museum "gave" Wikipedia a USB stick with the online photo collection to symbolize the public release of their high quality digital photographs made of their collection. This includes all two-dimensional objects that were already free of copyright, but new is the set photos of three-dimensional art.

The museum has on display paintings, models, archeological findings, photographs, but also less likely items such as a playable carillon, a Witkar (environment-friendly vehicle from the 1960s) and a replica of Café 't Mandje (a famous pub in the Red-light district where prostitutes, pimps, seamen and lesbian women came together).

References

External links
Amsterdam Museum

 
City museums in the Netherlands
Local museums in the Netherlands
History museums in the Netherlands
History of Amsterdam
Museums established in 1975
Museums in Amsterdam
Rijksmonuments in Amsterdam
Ivasyuk

Ivasyuk (alternative spelling Ivasiuk; ), a family name of Ukrainian origin. It is derived from Ivas or Ivasyk ( or ), the diminutive form of the Ukrainian name Ivan (), "John", and the suffix -yuk, denoting descent, especially in the Ukrainian Carpathian mountains area.

The surname may refer to:

 Vasyl Ivasyuk (born 1960), Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch.
 Veronika Ivasiuk (born 1995), Ukrainian female weightlifter
 Volodymyr Ivasyuk (1949–1979), Ukrainian songwriter (Chervona Ruta), composer and poet.

See also
 
 Ivashko

Ukrainian-language surnames
Patronymic surnames
Surnames of Ukrainian origin
List of highways numbered 38

The following highways are numbered 38:

Australia
 A38 (Sydney)

Canada
 Alberta Highway 38
 Ontario Highway 38 (former)
 Saskatchewan Highway 38

Czech Republic
 I/38 Highway; Czech: Silnice I/38

Germany
 Bundesautobahn 38

India
  National Highway 38 (India)

Iran
 Road 38

Israel
 Highway 38 (Israel)

Italy
 State road 38

Japan
 Japan National Route 38
 Dōtō Expressway

Korea, South
 National Route 38

Malaysia
 Johor Bahru Eastern Dispersal Link Expressway

New Zealand
 New Zealand State Highway 38

United Kingdom
 British A38 (Bodmin-Mansfield)

United States
 U.S. Route 38 (former)
 Alabama State Route 38
 Arkansas Highway 38
 California State Route 38
 County Route J38 (California)
 Colorado State Highway 38 (former)
 Georgia State Route 38
Hawaii Route 38 (former)
 Idaho State Highway 38
 Illinois Route 38
 Indiana State Road 38
 Iowa Highway 38
 K-38 (Kansas highway) (former)
 Kentucky Route 38
 Louisiana Highway 38
 Maryland Route 38
 Massachusetts Route 38
 M-38 (Michigan highway)
 Minnesota State Highway 38
 Missouri Route 38
 Montana Highway 38
 Nebraska Highway 38 (former)
 Nebraska Highway 38C (former)
 Nevada State Route 38 (former)
 New Hampshire Route 38
 New Jersey Route 38
 County Route 38 (Bergen County, New Jersey)
 County Route 38 (Monmouth County, New Jersey)
 County Route 38 (Ocean County, New Jersey)
 New Mexico State Road 38
 New York State Route 38
 County Route 38 (Cayuga County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Chemung County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Dutchess County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Essex County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Genesee County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Greene County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Livingston County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Madison County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Montgomery County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Orange County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Putnam County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Rensselaer County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Rockland County, New York)
 County Route 38 (St. Lawrence County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Suffolk County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Warren County, New York)
 County Route 38 (Wyoming County, New York)
 North Carolina Highway 38
 North Dakota Highway 38
 Ohio State Route 38
 Oklahoma State Highway 38
 Oregon Route 38
 Pennsylvania Route 38
 South Carolina Highway 38
 South Dakota Highway 38
 Tennessee State Route 38
 Texas State Highway 38 (former)
 Texas State Highway Loop 38 (former)
 Texas State Highway Spur 38
 Farm to Market Road 38
 Texas Park Road 38
 Utah State Route 38
 Vermont Route 38
 Virginia State Route 38
 Virginia State Route 38 (1923-1933) (former)
 West Virginia Route 38
 Wisconsin Highway 38

Territories
 Puerto Rico Highway 38
 U.S. Virgin Islands Highway 38

See also
List of highways numbered 38A
List of highways numbered 38B
Sajid Ghafoor

Sajid Ghafoor (Urdu: ساجد غفور) is a musician who, along with Zeeshan Parwez, forms the duo Sajid & Zeeshan. The duo, from the city of Peshawar, sing the majority of their songs in English.

Biography
Sajid was born and raised in Peshawar. He received his primary education in Peshawar and did his Fsc. from the Pakistani Air Force Degree College Peshawar, his BA from Islamia College University Peshawar, his LLB from Peshawar University, his LL.M from Hull University UK, and a diploma in International Environmental law from Oslo University, Norway. He is currently lecturing at the Law College, Peshawar University. Sajid created an underground music scene in Peshawar in the mid-nineties by establishing a band called "Still" with his younger brother, Sarmad Ghafoor. Sajid recorded a number of songs for the band, but never released them commercially. "One Light Year At Snail Speed", released in 2006, was his first album with Zeeshan. Their song King of Self has won various awards.

Sarmad  plays guitar for Atif Aslam and travels with him for tour.

References

External links
 Sajid & Zeeshan

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Pakistani male singers
University of Peshawar alumni
Musicians from Peshawar
Pashtun male singers
Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti

Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti (1803 in the Azawad region north of Timbuktu – 1865 in Timbuktu) was a West African Islamic and political leader. He was one of the last principal spokesmen in precolonial Western Sudan for an accommodationist stance towards the threatening Christian European presence, and even provided protection to Heinrich Barth from an attempted kidnapping by the ruler of Massina, Amadu III. In a letter to the ruler, which was rather a fatwa he denied the former's right to have Barth arrested or killed and his belongings confiscated, as the Christian was neither a dhimmi (a non-Muslim subject of a Muslim ruler) nor an enemy of Islam, but the native of a friendly country, that is Great Britain. He went as far as to deny Ahmad Ahmad ibn Muhammad Lobbo the right to proclaim a jihad and called him "the ruler over a few huts at the outskirts of the Islamic world".

Al-Bakkai was also one of the last Kunta family shaykhs, whose prestige and religious influence were interwoven with the Qadiri brotherhood and the economic fortunes of the Timbuktu region. His voluminous correspondence provides a rare, detailed glimpse into political and religious thought in 19th century West Africa regarding the primary concerns of; the nature of the Imamate/ caliphate in Sahelian and Sudanese communities, issues surrounding the encroaching Christian powers, and the growing politicalization of Sufi tariqah affiliation.

References
 Heinrich Barth, Narrative of a Mission to Central Africa. London 1857-58, vols. 4 & 5.
 Albert Adu Boahen, Britain, the Sahara and the Western Sudan 1788 to 1861. Oxford 1964 (containing an English translation of the fatwa in favour of Heinrich Barth).

Notes

1803 births
1865 deaths
Malian Sufis
History of Mali
Massina Empire
People of French West Africa
19th-century African people
Intel Open Source License

The Intel Open Source license is identical to the BSD license with the following section added:

The extra section does not add to the terms of the license, rather it reminds users of U.S. export laws. As such the IOSL is functionally identical to the BSD license, and so is GPL compatible (i.e., software distributed under the IOSL can be relicensed as GPL, and so can be included in GPL software).

Intel has voluntarily retracted the license from the OSI list of open source licenses to prevent license proliferation and ceased to use or recommend this license.

See also
GNU General Public License (GPL)
BSD license
List of software licenses

External links
Text of license

References

Free and open-source software licenses
Permissive software licenses
List of highways numbered 39

The following highways are numbered 39. For a list of roads called N39, see List of N39 roads.

Australia
 Newell Highway
  Goulburn Valley Highway
 
Gore Highway
Leichhardt Highway

Canada
 Alberta Highway 39
 British Columbia Highway 39
 Manitoba Highway 39
 Ontario Highway 39
 Saskatchewan Highway 39

Costa Rica
 National Route 39

Czech Republic
 I/39 Highway; Czech: Silnice I/39

France
  A39 autoroute

India
  National Highway 39 (India)

Iran
 Road 39

Japan
 Japan National Route 39
 Asahikawa-Mombetsu Expressway

Korea, South
 National Route 39
Gukjido 39

New Zealand
 New Zealand State Highway 39

United Kingdom
 British A39 (Falmouth-Corston)

United States
 Interstate 39
 Alabama State Route 39
 Arkansas Highway 39
 California State Route 39
 Colorado State Highway 39
 Connecticut Route 39
 Florida State Road 39
 County Road 39 (Citrus County, Florida)
 County Road 39A (Citrus County, Florida)
 County Road 39 (Hillsborough County, Florida)
 County Road 39 (Manatee County, Florida)
 Georgia State Route 39
 Idaho State Highway 39
 Illinois Route 39 (former)
 Indiana State Road 39
 Iowa Highway 39
 K-39 (Kansas highway)
 Kentucky Route 39
 Louisiana Highway 39
 Louisiana State Route 39
 Maryland Route 39
Maryland Route 39A
 Massachusetts Route 39
 M-39 (Michigan highway)
 Minnesota State Highway 39
 County Road 39 (Chisago County, Minnesota)
 County Road 39 (Hennepin County, Minnesota)
 Mississippi Highway 39
 Missouri Route 39
 Montana Highway 39
 Nebraska Highway 39
 Nevada State Route 39 (former)
 New Jersey Route 39 (former)
 County Route 39 (Bergen County, New Jersey)
 County Route 39 (Monmouth County, New Jersey)
 County Route 39 (Ocean County, New Jersey)
 New Mexico State Road 39
 New York State Route 39
 County Route 39 (Dutchess County, New York)
 County Route 39 (Erie County, New York)
 County Route 39 (Genesee County, New York)
 County Route 39 (Oswego County, New York)
 County Route 39 (Rensselaer County, New York)
 County Route 39 (Saratoga County, New York)
 County Route 39 (Schoharie County, New York)
 County Route 39 (St. Lawrence County, New York)
 County Route 39 (Suffolk County, New York)
 County Route 39A (Suffolk County, New York)
 County Route 39B (Suffolk County, New York)
 County Route 39 (Warren County, New York)
 County Route 39 (Wyoming County, New York)
 County Route 39 (Yates County, New York)
 North Carolina Highway 39
 North Dakota Highway 39 (former)
 Ohio State Route 39
 Oklahoma State Highway 39
 Oregon Route 39
 Pennsylvania Route 39
 South Carolina Highway 39
 Tennessee State Route 39
 Texas State Highway 39
 Texas State Highway Loop 39 (former)
 Texas State Highway Spur 39 (former)
 Texas Park Road 39
 Farm to Market Road 39
 Utah State Route 39
 Virginia State Route 39
 Virginia State Route 39 (1923–1933) (former)
 Virginia State Route 39 (1933-1940) (former)
 West Virginia Route 39
 Wisconsin Highway 39

Territories
 Puerto Rico Highway 39
 U.S. Virgin Islands Highway 39

Uruguay
  Route 39 Domingo Burgueño

See also
A39 (disambiguation)#Roads
SCIAMACHY

SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY; Greek: σκιάμάχη: analogously: "Fighting shadows") was one of ten instruments aboard of ESA's ENVIronmental SATellite, ENVISAT.  It was a satellite spectrometer designed to measure sunlight, transmitted, reflected and scattered by the earth's atmosphere or surface in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared wavelength region (240 nm - 2380 nm) at moderate spectral resolution (0.2 nm - 1.5 nm). SCIAMACHY was built by Netherlands and Germany at TNO/TPD, SRON and Dutch Space.

Launch and termination
SCIAMACHY, aboard the ENVISAT satellite, was launched by ESA (European Space Agency) from Kourou, French Guiana, in March 2002. ENVISAT's mission was ended in May 2012, after loss of contact one month earlier.

Operation
The absorption, reflection and scattering characteristics of the atmosphere were determined by measuring the extraterrestrial solar irradiance and the upwelling radiance observed in different viewing geometries. The ratio of extraterrestrial irradiance and the upwelling radiance can be inverted to provide information about the amounts and distribution of important atmospheric constituents, which absorb or scatter light, and the spectral reflectance (or albedo) of the Earth's surface.

Purpose
SCIAMACHY was conceived to improve global knowledge and understanding of a variety of issues of importance for the chemistry and physics of the Earth's atmosphere (troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere) and potential changes resulting from either anthropogenic behavior or natural phenomena.

References

External links 

ESA: SCIAMACHY
SCIAMACHY-News of DLR
SCIAMACHY-Homepage of the institute IUP-IFE Bremen
SCIAMACHY Portal

Spectrometers
Earth observation satellite sensors
Sybase Open Watcom Public License

The Sybase Open Watcom Public Licence is a software license that has been approved by the Open Source Initiative.  It is the licence under which the Open Watcom C/C++ compiler is released.

The license has not been accepted as "free" under the Debian Free Software Guidelines, due to the license's termination clauses.

The Free Software Foundation (FSF) has stated that the license is not "free" as it requires the source to be published when you "deploy" the software for private use only. In contrast, FSF's General Public License (GPL) does not require that modified source code has to be made public when the software modification was only used privately without a public release of the software. This makes the Watcom license also GPL incompatible and a stronger copyleft license than the GPL and even the AGPL.

The Fedora project also considers the license as non-free, citing the FSF argumentation.

History 
Version 1.0 appears to have been written in 2002. It's publicly released no later than January 8, 2003, the date of the initial release of Open Watcom C/C++.

The draft of version 2.0 of the License was published on 20 January 2004.  This version incorporated changes from Apple and made the licence less specific to OpenWatcom.

References

Further reading 
 

Free and open-source software licenses
Copyleft software licenses
2004 in law
Zope Public License

Zope Public License is a free software license, used primarily for the Zope application server software. The license is similar to the well-known BSD license, however the ZPL also adds clauses prohibiting trademark use and requiring documentation of all changes.

External links

Zope Public License v2.0 at the Open Source Initiative
Zope Public License v2.1 at the Free Software Foundation
Zope Public License v2.1 at the Zope Foundation

References

Free and open-source software licenses
Zope
Piano-Rag-Music

Piano-Rag-Music is a composition for piano solo by Igor Stravinsky, written in 1919.

Stravinsky, who had, by that time, emigrated to France after his studies with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in Russia, was confronted with American jazz combos actively influential in Europe. Stravinsky's knowledge of stylistic jazz properties was at first limited to scores brought to him from the United States by his colleague Ernest Ansermet. However, he had managed to hear live jazz bands by the time he finished Piano-Rag Music.

Compositionally, Stravinsky interprets the ragtime in a rather cubist way, instead of directly imitating the style.  Stravinsky incorporates elements from his Russian period (ostinati, shifting accents, bitonality) with rhythmic and harmonic fragments from ragtime.  The irregular meters give the piece an improvisatory character.

Stravinsky wrote the piece for Arthur Rubinstein, but it was instead premiered by José Iturbi, on November 8, 1919 in Lausanne.

References

External links

Compositions by Igor Stravinsky
Compositions for solo piano
1919 compositions
Micki DuPont

Micki DuPont (born April 15, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenseman who last played for Eisbären Berlin in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

Playing career
Normally playing as a defenceman, DuPont was drafted 270th overall in the ninth round by the Calgary Flames in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft.  In his first season in the AHL, Dupont was named the St. John Flames Rookie of the Year, named to the AHL All-Rookie Team after leading the Flames and all AHL rookies in plus/minus at +28, finishing second among all AHL players and played a key role on Saint-John's blue line en route to their first AHL Calder Cup Championship.

He was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins on March 11, 2003 after playing two seasons with the Flames, but did not play for the Penguins before he moved to the Deutsche Eishockey Liga to play with Eisbären Berlin, and was part of the team which won the 2003–04 DEL Championship. He remained with Berlin for the 2005–06 season, during which he played 52 regular season games and won his second DEL Championship. DuPont was also named to the Canadian squad for the 2006 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships. He played 23 games for the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins of the AHL in the 2006–07 season before being recalled by Pittsburgh on December 4, 2006.

DuPont was signed by the St. Louis Blues on July 3, 2007. DuPont played the 2008–09 and 2009–10 seasons in Zug, Switzerland for the EV Zug where he led the NLA in most goals for a defenceman in 2009.  In November 2009 it was announced, that DuPont signed a contract with the Kloten Flyers for three years, starting in the 2010–11 season. In 2010–11 and 2011–12, DuPont led the league in most points by a defenceman, with a consistent 41 points in 49 games both seasons.

After five seasons with the Kloten Flyers of the NLA, DuPont agreed to return to Eisbären Berlin of the DEL on May 7, 2015.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours

References

External links

1980 births
Calgary Flames draft picks
Calgary Flames players
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Eisbären Berlin players
EV Zug players
Ice hockey people from Calgary
Kamloops Blazers players
EHC Kloten players
Living people
Long Beach Ice Dogs (IHL) players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Saint John Flames players
San Diego Gulls (WCHL) players
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Germany
Thmuis

Thmuis (; Greek: ; ) was a city in Lower Egypt, located on the canal east of the Nile, between its Tanitic and Mendesian branches. Its ruins are near the modern city of Timayy al-Imdid.

History

During the Ptolemaic period, Thmuis succeeded Djedet as the capital of Lower Egypt's 16th nome of Kha (Herodotus (II, 166)). The two cities are only several hundred meters apart. Ptolemy also states that the city was the capital of the Mendesian nome. From the Ptolemaic-Roman period are preserved the foundations of a temple.

Thmuis was an episcopal see in the Roman province of Augustamnica Prima, suffragan of Pelusium. Today it is part of the Coptic Holy Metropolitanate of Beheira (Thmuis & Hermopolis Parva), Mariout  (Mariotis), Marsa Matruh (Antiphrae & Paractorium), Libya (Livis) and Pentapolis (Cyrenaica).

In the fourth century it was still an important Roman city, having its own administration and being exempt from the jurisdiction of the Prefect of Alexandria. It was in existence at the time of the Muslim invasion of Egypt in 642 AD, and was later called Al-Mourad or "Al-Mouradeh"; it must have disappeared after the Ottoman conquest of Egypt.

Its ruins are at Tell El-Timai, about five miles north-west of Sinbellawein, a station on the railway from Zagazig to Mansourah in the central Delta.

Bishopric
Le Quien (Oriens christianus, II, 537) names nine bishops of Thmuis, the last three being Monophysites of the Middle Ages. The others are:
 
 Ammonius, Bishop of Thmuis, deposed by Heraclas of Alexandria (d. 247) 
Phileas of Thmuis, d. 306 (in the Martyrology, 4 February), martyr and saint 
Saint Donatus, his successor, martyr
Liberius (not Caius), at the First Council of Nicaea in 325
Saint Serapion of Thmuis, died shortly before 360, the author of various works, in part preserved, a friend of St. Athanasius
Ptolemæus at the Council of Seleucia (359)
Aristobulus, at the First Council of Ephesus (431).

See also 
List of ancient Egyptian sites, including sites of temples
Serapion Bishop of Thmuis

References

Sources 

Baines & Malek "Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt", 2000. 
M.I. Bakr & H. Brandl, "Various Sites in the Eastern Nile Delta: Thmuis", in: M.I. Bakr and H. Brandl, with F. Kalloniatis (eds.), Egyptian Antiquities from the Eastern Nile Delta. Museums in the Nile Delta, vol. 2. Cairo/Berlin 2014, pp. 79, 294-301. .

Ptolemaic colonies
Roman sites in Egypt
Catholic titular sees in Africa
Former populated places in Egypt
Nile Delta
Tells (archaeology)
Great evening bat

The great evening bat (Ia io) is the largest bat in the vesper bat family (Vespertilionidae) and the only living species in the genus Ia. It is common to Eastern and Southeastern Asia (China, India, Laos, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam), mainly living in areas with limestone caves at altitudes of . Their roost sites have been found both near the cave entrances and up to  within the cave systems.

Description
The great evening bat reaches a length of . It is colored brown on the top and grayish on the bottom. Average wingspan is  and it typically weighs .

Not much is known about its habits and behavior. The bat usually lives in small groups. Its food consists of insects, as with most vesper bats. The great evening bat also sometimes feeds on small birds. The bat leaves its sleeping place in the late afternoon to search of food. During the winter months it may migrate to warmer regions.

Status
The IUCN lists its conservation status as near-threatened. One of the threats to its survival in South Asia is human influence by habitat destruction; many caves have been turned into attractions. They have also been disturbed by farmers collecting their excrement. Also the excessive use of insecticides poses a threat to the great evening bats.

Scientific name
At four letters, Ia io is tied with Yi qi for the shortest existing (and shortest possible) scientific name of any animal under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and is one of very few scientific names composed solely of vowels. 

The name refers to Io, a woman of classical mythology, viewed as "flighty;" and ia (ἰά), a Greek term for a shout.

See also
List of short species names

References

Vesper bats
Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas
Mammals described in 1902
Mammals of Nepal
Lillehammer University College

Lillehammer University College () was a state university college located at Storhove in Lillehammer, Norway. It was merged with Hedmark University College to become the Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences in 2017.

History 
In 1970, Oppland College () was established in Lillehammer, at the site of a defunct agricultural college. The college was transformed into the Lillehammer University College in 1994, in connection with the university college reform. It was located in the television and radio center built for the 1994 Winter Olympic Games, and offered undergraduate programs in travel and tourism, business administration, organisation and management, film and television, health and social work, humanities and social sciences, and graduate programs in education, social policy, health and social work for children and youth, social welfare, and film and television science.

From 1 January 2017, the Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences began operations on six campuses in south-eastern Norway: Lillehammer, Hamar, Blæstad, Elverum, Rena and Evenstad.

The Norwegian Film School 
The Norwegian Film School, the first film school in Norway, was founded as part of the college in 1997 in the facilities that hosted the media center during the 1994 Winter Olympics. The school had new facilities built in 2004.

References

 
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
Defunct universities and colleges in Norway
Buildings and structures in Lillehammer
Universities and colleges established in 1971
1971 establishments in Norway
Education in Innlandet
Mass media in Lillehammer
Kunta family

The Kunta family (the Awlad Sidi al-Wafi) is among the best-known examples of a lineage of Islamic scholarship with widespread influence throughout Mauritania, Senegambia, and other parts of the Western Sudan, and are closely associated with the expansion of Qadiriyya.

The Kunta shaykhs and the family or clan they represent, are an outgrowth of the Kounta Bedouin Arab peoples  who spread throughout what is today northern Mali and southern Mauritania from the mid-sixteenth to the early eighteenth centuries (CE).

Family background
The family's history goes back to Sheikh Sidi Ahmad al-Bakka'i ( ; born in the region of the Noun river – d.1504 in Akka) who established a Qadiri zawiya (Sufi residence) in Walata. In the 16th century the family spread across the Sahara to Timbuktu, Agades, Bornu, Hausaland, and other places, and in the 18th century large numbers of Kunta moved to the region of the middle Niger where they established the village of Mabruk. Sidi Al-Mukhtar al-Kunti (1728–1811) united the Kunta factions by successful negotiation, and established an extensive confederation. Under his influence the Maliki school of Islamic law was reinvigorated and the Qadiriyyah order spread throughout Mauritania, the middle Niger region, Guinea, the Ivory Coast, Futa Toro, and Futa Jallon. Kunta colonies in the Senegambian region became centers of Muslim teaching.

Political Involvement
The Kunta family has historically played a leading role in Timbuktu, and have been power brokers in many states of the upper Niger.

See also
Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti (d.1865) – West African Islamic and political leader and one of the last Kunta sheikhs.

Notes

Other sources
 Elias N. Saad, Social History of Timbuktu: The Role of Muslim Scholars and Notables, 1400–1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (1983), 150, 214–15

Sufism in Africa
Sahrawi tribes
Religion in Mauritania
Islam in Senegal
Islam in Guinea
Religion in Ivory Coast
Islam in Niger
Python License

The Python License is a deprecated permissive computer software license created by the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI). It was used for versions 1.6 and 2.0 of the Python programming language, both released in the year 2000.

The Python License is similar to the BSD License and, while it is a free software license, its wording in some versions meant that it was incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) used by a great deal of free software including the Linux kernel. For this reason CNRI retired the license in 2001, and the license of current releases is the Python Software Foundation License.

Origin 

Python was created by Guido van Rossum and the initial copyright was held by his employer, the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI). During this time Python was distributed under a GPL-compatible variant of the Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer license. CNRI obtained ownership of Python when Van Rossum became employed there, and after some years they drafted a new license for the language.

Retirement 

The Python License includes a clause stating that the license is governed by the State of Virginia, United States. The Python Software Foundation License; Python 1.6.1 differs from Python 1.6 only in some minor bug fixes and new GPL-compatible licensing terms.

References 

Python (programming language)
Free and open-source software licenses
Permissive software licenses
Serapion

Serapion  is a given name, a variant of Seraphin.

People called Serapion:
Serapion (3rd-century), neoplatonic philosopher and one of the disciples of Plotinus
Serapion (4th century), author of the Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis
Serapion of Alexandria (3rd century BC), Greek physician
Serapion of Algiers (1179–1240), Mercedarian saint
Serapion of Antioch (c. 200 AD), Patriarch of Antioch
Serapion (Coptic bishop of Los Angeles) (b. 1951)
Serapion of Macedonia (d. 195), Martyr
Serapion of Novgorod (d. 1516), Russian archbishop
Serapion the Sindonite, 4th century Egyptian monk
Serapion (strategos), probably negotiated in 48 BC for Caesar with Achillas, strategos of Cyprus in 43 BC, executed in 41 BC
Serapion of Vladimir (13th century), bishop of Vladimir
Serapion the Younger (c. 12th century), physician who wrote The Book of Simple Medicine (in Arabic)
Mara bar Serapion, Syrian stoic
Yahya ibn Sarafyun (9th century), also known as Serapion the Elder or Johannes Serapion, Christian physician who wrote two medical compilations in Syriac

See also
Sarapion (Serapion), ancient port city in present-day south-central Somalia
Saint Serapion (Zurbarán), an oil on canvas painting by the Spanish artist Francisco de Zurbarán.
Serapion Brothers, a literary movement in the early Soviet Union
Pompidou (disambiguation)

Pompidou or Le Pompidou may refer to:

 Georges Pompidou (1911–1974), former French Prime Minister and President
 Alain Pompidou (born 1942), foster son of Georges Pompidou and President of the European Patent Office, 2004–2007
 Centre Pompidou, a building named after Georges Pompidou
 Le Pompidou, a commune in Lozère, France
 Pompidou (TV series), a BBC comedy series

See also
 Pompadour (disambiguation)
 Pumpido, a surname
Sea foam (disambiguation)

Sea foam is a type of foam that appears in bodies of salt water. It can also refer to:

Honeycomb toffee, a type of candy
A shade of the color green
A literal translation of "meerschaum"
Hugh "Seafoam" McDuck, a Disney character who is an ancestor of Scrooge McDuck and Donald Duck
An engine additive added to oil or gasoline
Sean Barrett

Sean Barrett may refer to:

Seán Barrett (actor) (born 1940), British actor whose credits include Z-Cars
Sean Barrett (economist) (born 1944), Irish transport economist and Senator
Seán Barrett (politician) (born 1944), Irish Fine Gael TD
Sean Barrett (writer) (born 1959), American writer, nucleonicist, member of the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee
PHP License

The PHP License is the open-source license under which the PHP scripting language is released. The PHP License is designed to encourage widespread adoption of the source code. Redistribution is permitted in source or binary form with or without modifications, with some caveats.

Version 3 of PHP used a dual license—PHP 3's source is available under either the PHP License or the GNU General Public License (GPL). This practice was discontinued as of PHP 4, with PHP's developers citing the restrictions on reuse associated with the GPL's copyleft enforcement as being the reason for dropping it. The Zend Engine, the core of the PHP interpreter, is separately licensed under the similar Zend Engine License, which contains similar naming restrictions to the PHP license (applying to the names "Zend" and "Zend Engine"), and a clause requiring advertising materials to mention its use.

Criticism
The PHP License is an open source license according to the Open Source Initiative, and a non-copyleft free software license according to the Free Software Foundation. The license is GPL-incompatible due to restrictions on the usage of the term PHP.

Debian maintainers have had a long-standing discussion (since at least 2005) about the validity of the PHP license. Expressed concerns include that the license "contains statements about the software it covers that are specific to distributing PHP itself", which, for other software than PHP itself therefore would be "false statements".

Debian has a specific policy for the license (and requires a statement in debian/copyright file when it is used): "The PHP license must only be used for PHP and PHP add-ons."

See also

 Apache License
 Software using the PHP license (category)

References

External links
 Official PHP License Information
 Zend Grant Documents

Free and open-source software licenses
PHP
Route 666 (comics)

Route 666 was a comic book series published by American company CrossGen Entertainment starting from July 2002. Written by Tony Bedard  and drawn by Karl Moline, it was CrossGen's first horror comic venture, and contained a blend of action, menace and humor. It ended at issue #22 in June 2004, as part of CrossGen's bankruptcy.

Setting
Route 666 takes place on the fictional planet of Erebus in a country called The United States of Empyrean, which mimics the innocent feel and the actual mindset, lifestyles and technology of the 1950s era of own Earth's United States of America. A feuding nation, the People's Republic of Rodina, is presumably a combination of Russia and China, creating a mood through the book that mirrors the Cold War between capitalism and communism (Rodina is Russian for "motherland").

Plot summary
The lead character, Cassie Heloise Starkweather, or Cassie, could see dead people when she was a child, but she repressed the talent. As a college student, she finds herself on the run after a pair of dark spirits catches her talking to the soul of her recently deceased roommate and teammate, Helene Mengert, a young Welkin State University gymnast who had been inadvertently killed by a chain of reactions created by Cassie's lack of concentration on a balance beam.

Ridden with guilt and declared unstable by a Doctor Melchior, Cassie is dispatched to a sanitorium, Melchior Asylum, where she learns that half the staff is tied up in this sinister conspiracy. It seems there's a war going on in the next world, and agents of "The Adversary", disguised as mostly B-movie monsters or creatures of the local legends, prowl this world to kidnap the souls of people who've died violently. Cassie flees from the monsters, but they manage to pin the blame for the murders on her, so she's building quite a reputation as a psychotic serial killer.

Cassie has problems getting help. Most people do not want to admit they are sharing a world with soul-stealing monsters, so they refuse to believe anything Cassie says. One person who does believe her is a psychotic serial killer known as the "Railsplitter".

As Cassie flees from local authorities, the National Bureau of Investigation, and her home state of Welkin, she brings misfortune to the small county of Gossmer. Cisco, a local sheriff, recognizes her as the accused murderer reported on the news. Cassie steals his squad car; Cisco wants to give chase in his son's truck, but his son Miguel insists he's the only one who can drive it. While in pursuit, they fall victim to Cassie's ever-increasing bad luck; her car loses control and they all crash. Miguel dies.

Cisco has every reason to blame Cassie for his son's death and to become her greatest enemy. However, he maintains himself through most of the series as her most supportive "compadre".  They almost become their own family, she a surrogate daughter and he a father figure.
 

2002 comics debuts
CrossGen titles
Supernatural comics
Horror comics
The Thing on the Doorstep and Other Weird Stories

The Thing on the Doorstep and Other Weird Stories is Penguin Classics' second omnibus edition of works by 20th-century American author H. P. Lovecraft. It was released in October 2001 and is still in print.

This edition is the second in Penguin Classics' series of paperback collections. Again, it collects a number of Lovecraft's most popular stories in their latest "definitive" editions as edited by S. T. Joshi. Many of the texts are the same as those from the earlier Arkham House hardcover editions, with the exception of At the Mountains of Madness, which has recently been released in a definitive edition by the Modern Library, with an introduction by China Miéville and also including Lovecraft's essay on the history and evolution of weird fiction, Supernatural Horror in Literature.

Its companion volumes from Penguin Classics are The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories (2001), and The Dreams in the Witch House and Other Weird Stories (2004).

Contents
The Thing on the Doorstep and Other Weird Stories contains the following tales:

 The Tomb
 Beyond the Wall of Sleep
 The White Ship
 The Temple
 The Quest of Iranon
 The Music of Erich Zann
 Imprisoned with the Pharaohs aka Under the Pyramids
 Pickman's Model
 The Case of Charles Dexter Ward
 The Dunwich Horror
 At the Mountains of Madness
 The Thing on the Doorstep

External links
Penguin Random House's page for the collection

All of the stories collected in this edition can also be found at Wikisource. Scholars should note that the texts transcribed on Wikisource may contain errors, or may represent "uncorrected" versions.

Short story collections by H. P. Lovecraft
Cthulhu Mythos anthologies
2001 short story collections
Arab American Political Action Committee

The Arab American Political Action Committee is a Political action committee that was established in 1998 by a group of Arab American professionals to 'organize and encourage the political activities of Arab Americans'.

 Formed: January 1998
 Independent Political Committee, State of Michigan ID # 508703-6
 Federal Election Commission ID # C00346239

Mission 
AAPAC was formed by a group of Arab American professionals to organize and encourage the political activities of Arab Americans. AAPAC is non-partisan and independent from any other existing organization or interest group. Their primary concern is the Arab American Community as a whole regardless of the personal interests of any individual or group of individuals. Their main objectives are to:

1. Prepare, advise and support Arab American candidates for political offices. Encourage and help Arab Americans to pursue public service careers in all branches of the government.
2. Maintain contact with political candidates, meet with them, discuss their platforms, introduce them to our community and its issues, and decide whom to endorse among them.
3. Lobby on behalf of the Arab American political causes which are of concern to the majority of the community as approved by the members of the organization.

Endorsement Process 

Candidates submit their endorsement request to AAPAC in writing. AAPAC's Endorsement Committee will then start the review process. This process includes any or all of the following: research of the candidate's voting record, review of his/her positions on the issues, review of his/her public statements, and/or a personal interview. The Endorsement Committee will then submit its recommendation to the general membership at the Endorsement Meeting. At that meeting, only candidates who obtain two-thirds of the votes will be endorsed.

Campaigns 
Once AAPAC endorses a candidate or a ballot proposal, its members will use all available resources to campaign on behalf of the candidate or proposal. The campaign may include: local TV appearances and commercials, newspapers ads, appearance with the candidate at community events, distribution of slate cards at the polls on election day, lawn signs, and most importantly direct bilingual mailing to Arab American registered voters in the affected area. For example, in November 1998 and May 1999, AAPAC mailed its newsletter and endorsements to over 9,300 Arab American voters in Dearborn and over 1,400 voters in Dearborn Heights.

External links
Official website

Organizations established in 1998
Arab-American organizations
Political advocacy groups in the United States
Terma Foundation

The Terma Foundation was founded in 1993 as the Tibet Child Nutrition Project (TCNP), by Dr. Nancy S. Harris and now implements public health programs including nutrition, education, primary and preventive health care, acknowledging traditional belief systems, and integrating low-tech, low-cost western technology where appropriate in Tibet.

Terma's work in the Tibet Autonomous Region and adjacent ethnic Tibetan areas of the People's Republic of China is carried out by a multidisciplinary coalition of Tibetans, Chinese, and Westerners in successful cooperation with PRC nationals and local health authorities.

Dr. Harris gained notoriety when she published an article in the New England Journal of Medicine with the results of her study on stunted growth in the Himalaya region. She measured 2,500 children in rural villages and concluded that malnutrition was the cause rather than altitude, as previously suspected. To aid their work with local communities, the organization conducted a systematic study on the effectiveness of traditional Tibetan medicine in preventing and treating child health problems. They also studied the impact of vitamins and sunlight exposure in preventing rickets. The foundation's field operations, based in Lhasa, now reach an estimated 300,000 child and community beneficiaries each year.

The objectives of the foundation include:

• Focusing on the health and welfare of children, women, and the elderly who maintain indigenous values while confronting contemporary challenges;

• Promoting environmentally appropriate traditional agriculture, consumption of high nutrient indigenous foods, and cultivation of Tibetan herbs;

• Supporting educational programs in public health, literacy, vocational training, the arts, and international education exchange;

• Developing microeconomic initiatives at the grassroots level which will sustain the local health infrastructure; and

• Facilitating interaction between Tibetans and other indigenous communities internationally and on issues relating to health, education, and the environment.

References

External links
Official website

Charities based in California
Organizations established in 1993
Health in Tibet
Foreign charities operating in Tibet
BHHS

BHHS may refer to:

Schools
Barbers Hill High School
Baulkham Hills High School
Beacon Hill High School (New South Wales)
Benton Harbor High School
Beverly Hills High School
Bishop Heber High School
Bishop Hedley High School
Bishop Hendricken High School
Bismarck Henning High School
Black Hills High School
Bloomfield Hills High School
Box Hill High School
Boyden–Hull High School
Bret Harte Union High School
Brighton and Hove High School
Brookings-Harbor High School
Byram Hills High School

Other
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