alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Pack-year

A pack-year is a clinical quantification of cigarette smoking used to measure a person's exposure to tobacco. This is used to assess their risk of developing lung cancer or other pathologies related to tobacco use. However, it is difficult to rely on the assessment based on the pack-year due to the different nature of the packaging by different companies.

Definition
The pack-year is a unit for measuring the amount a person has smoked over a long period of time. It is calculated by multiplying the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day by the number of years the person has smoked. For example, 1 pack-year is equal to smoking 20 cigarettes (1 pack) per day for 1 year, or 40 cigarettes per day for half a year, and so on.

One pack-year is the equivalent of 365 packs of cigarettes or 7,300 cigarettes, in a year as smoker.

Calculation

Number of pack-years = (packs smoked per day) × (years as a smoker)

or

Number of pack-years = (number of cigarettes smoked per day/20) × number of years smoked.
(1 pack has 20 cigarettes in some countries)

Note that despite the unit being called a "pack-year," the actual unit is simply a number of packs (as noted above). 
 

For example: a person who has smoked 15 cigarettes a day for 40 years has a (15/20) x 40 = 30 pack-year smoking history. 

One pack-year is smoking 20 cigarettes a day for one year. If someone has smoked 10 cigarettes a day for 6 years they would have a 3 pack-year history. Someone who has smoked 40 cigarettes (2 packs) daily for 20 years has a 40 pack-year history.

Significance and usage
Quantification of pack-years smoked is important in clinical care, where degree of tobacco exposure is correlated to risk of disease such as lung cancer and heart disease.

References

Smoking
Medical tests
Interdictor Cruiser

Interdictor Cruiser may refer to:
A large ship in the TradeWars 2002 online game
One of several types of starships in Star Wars; see List of Star Wars capital ships
Jim Chong Shing

Jim Chong Shing (; born 13 August 1957), an infamous Hong Kong street car racer nicknamed "Mang Hang" (盲亨, blind tycoon) and a member of "Wo On Lok" (和安樂), also known as "Shui Fong", one of the Hong Kong Triads. He is known by the local press as the 'God of Racing'.

Jim Chong Shing's son is Jim Ka To, a formula car racer and the 2008 Asian Formula Renault champion.

Jim's 15-year-old daughter was found dead in December 2016 in Tsuen Wan Pier waters.

In popular culture
In the 2012 Hong Kong action film Motorway, the character Sun, a triad street racer is loosely based on the life events of Jim.

References

External links
 HKSAR v. JIM CHONG SHING
 ATTORNEY GENERAL v. JIM CHONG SHING
 THE QUEEN v. JIM CHONG SHING

1957 births
Living people
Hong Kong criminals
He (kana)

へ, in hiragana, or ヘ in katakana, is one of the Japanese kana, which represents one mora. The  sound is the only sound that is written identically in hiragana and katakana and therefore confusable according to the Unicode Standard. In the Sakhalin dialect of the Ainu language, ヘ can be written as small ㇸ to represent a final h after an e sound (エㇸ eh).

Stroke order

Other communicative representations

 Full Braille representation

 Computer encodings

References

Specific kana
Hi (kana)

ひ, in hiragana, or ヒ in katakana, is one of the Japanese kana, which each represent one mora. Both can be written in two strokes, sometimes one for hiragana, and both are phonemically  although for phonological reasons, the actual pronunciation is , the sound would be nearer to be transcribed "hyi" in phonetic-based rōmaji. The pronunciation of the  voiceless palatal fricative [ç] is similar to that of the English word hue [çuː] for some speakers.

In the Sakhalin dialect of the Ainu language, ヒ can be written as small ㇶ to represent a final h sound after an i sound (イㇶ ih).  Along with other extended katakana, this was developed to represent sounds in Ainu that are not present in standard Japanese katakana.

Stroke order

Other communicative representations

 Full Braille representation

 Computer encodings

References 

Specific kana
Submarine Service

A Submarine Service is the branch of a navy responsible for operating submarines.

 Argentine Submarine Force
 People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force (China)
 Royal Australian Navy Submarine Service
 Royal Navy Submarine Service
 Royal Netherlands Navy Submarine Service
 Submarine Forces of France

See also

 Submarine (disambiguation)
 Service (disambiguation)
Fu (kana)

, in hiragana, or  in katakana, is one of the Japanese kana, each of which represents one mora. The hiragana is made in four strokes, while the katakana in one. It represents the phoneme , although for phonological reasons (general scheme for /h/ group, whose only phonologic survivor to /f/ ([ɸ]) remaining is ふ:   b<-p<--f-->h), the actual pronunciation is , which is why it is romanized fu in Hepburn romanization instead of hu as in Nihon-shiki and Kunrei-shiki rōmaji (Korean 후 /hu/ creates the same phonetic effect as lips are projected when pronouncing "u").  Written with a dakuten (ぶ, ブ), they both represent a "bu" sound, and written with handakuten (ぷ, プ) they both represent a "pu" sound.

The katakana フ is frequently combined with other vowels to represent sounds in foreign words.  For example, the word "file" is written in Japanese as ファイル (fairu), with ファ representing a non-native sound, fa.

In certain Okinawan writing systems, ふ/フ can be written as ふぁ, ふぃ, ふぇ to make both fa, fi, and fe sounds as well as representing the sounds hwa, hwi, and hwe.  In the Ryukyu University system, fa/hwa is written using the wa kana instead, ふゎ/フヮ.  In the Ainu language the katakana with a handakuten プ can be written as a small ㇷ゚ to represent a final p sound. In the Sakhalin dialect, フ without a handakuten can be written as small ㇷ to represent a final h sound after an u sound (ウㇷ uh).

Stroke order

Other communicative representations

 Full Braille representation

 Computer encodings

References

Specific kana
Ho (kana)

ほ, in hiragana, or ホ in katakana, is one of the Japanese kana, each of which represents one mora. Both are made in four strokes and both represent .  In the Sakhalin dialect of the Ainu language, ホ can be written as small ㇹ to represent a final h sound after an o sound (オㇹ oh).

Stroke order

Other communicative representations

 Full Braille representation

 Computer encodings

References

Specific kana
Alanine (data page)



References

 
 
 
 

Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup
Senior General Counsel

Senior General Counsel is the chief public prosecutor at the federal level in Canada. The SGC leads an office of General Counsel known as the Federal Prosecution Service of Canada.

References

 Senior General Counsel

Law of Canada
Prosecution
Legal professions
Craig Winn

Craig Winn is an American businessman noted for founding Value America, a tech company that failed in one of the more spectacular crashes of the Dot-com bubble in 2000.

Business career 

In 1977 Winn joined his father's company, Winn Co., after graduating from the University of Southern California with business degrees in marketing and finance. There he worked as a manufacturer's representative.

In 1986, he founded and built a lighting company called Dynasty which he brought public in 1990, making him his first fortune.   The company went bankrupt in 1993.

In 1996, he became a Dot.com entrepreneur when he founded Value America, an early sort of electronic mall that was briefly second only to Amazon.com. The company raised investments from Paul Allen and Frederick W. Smith, among others. By December 1999, Winn had resigned from the board after disagreeing with all but one of the rest of the board regarding restructuring.  Value America filed for bankruptcy in August 2000, less than a year after its IPO. It was one of the first large dotcoms to fail. It was one of the "most notorious" crashes of the Dot-com bubble.

Writing

Winn's book In the Company of Good and Evil: A True Story of Seduction and Betrayal (original title, In the Company of Good and Evil: From Zero to 3 Billion and Back Again), with co-author Ken Power, is about his experience with Value America. The book proposed remedies for the kind of chicanery that had enabled Winn and Power to earn fortunes and help cause a stock market crash.

After the September 11 attacks, Winn and his colleague at Value America Ken Power to wrote a self-published book called Tea With Terrorists. Following the airing of a segment about Tea with Terrorists on The 700 Club, the Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya (CIPK) likened the book to The Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie, asserted the Tea with Terrorists was blasphemy, and demanded that it be banned.

Bibliography 
Yada Yahweh: A Conversation with God,  Cricketsong Books (? 2007)
Prophet Of Doom: Islam's Terrorist Dogma In Muhammad's Own Words,  Faithworks (April 2004)
Tea With Terrorists: Who They Are, Why They Kill, What Will Stop Them Faithworks (October 2002), ()
In the Company of Good and Evil: A True Story of Seduction and Betrayal Cricketsong Books (January 2002)
Questioning Paul

References

External links 
 Prophet of Doom official website

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Christian writers
Businesspeople in online retailing
American non-fiction writers
Marshall School of Business alumni
American critics of Islam
Crosby, Cumbria

Crosby is a small village in the county of Cumbria, historically within Cumberland, near the Lake District National Park. It is  north-east of Maryport +  south-west of Carlisle, on the A596 road. In 2020 the built-up area had an estimated population of 791. In 1870-72 the township had a population of 506. The local primary school is Crosscanonby St. John's Church of England School.

The only remaining public house in the village is The Stag Inn.

Governance
The village is in the parliamentary constituency of Workington. In the December 2019 general election, the Tory candidate for Workington, Mark Jenkinson, was elected the MP, overturning a 9.4 per cent Labour majority from the 2017 election to eject shadow environment secretary Sue Hayman by a margin of 4,136 votes. Until the December 2019 general election, the Labour Party had won the seat in every general election since 1979.The Conservative Party had only been elected once in Workington since World War II, at the 1976 by-election. Historically Crosby has been a Labour supporting area.

Before Brexit for the European Parliament its residents voted to elect MEP's for the North West England constituency.

For Local Government purposes it is in the Cumberland unitiary authority area.

The village also has its own Parish Council; Crosscanonby Parish Council.

See also
List of places in Cumbria

References

External links
Cumbria County History Trust: Crosscanonby (nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)

Villages in Cumbria
Crosscanonby
Day-night average sound level

The day-night average sound level (Ldn or DNL) is the average noise level over a 24-hour period. The noise level measurements between the hours of 22:00 and 07:00 are artificially increased by 10 dB before averaging. This noise is weighted to take into account the decrease in community background noise of 10 dB during this period. There is a similar metric called day-evening-night average sound level (Lden or DENL) commonly used in other countries, or community noise exposure level (CNEL) used in California legislation; that is, the DNL with the addition of an evening period from 19:00 to 22:00 when noise level measurements are boosted 5 dB (or 4.77 dB in the case of CNEL) to account for the approximate decrease in background community noise during this period. 

In the US, the Federal Aviation Administration has established this measure as a community noise exposure metric to aid airport noise analyses under Federal Aviation Regulation Part 150. The FAA says that a maximum day-night average sound level of higher than 65 dB is incompatible with residential communities. Communities in affected areas may be eligible for mitigation such as soundproofing.

See also
Aircraft noise
Effective perceived noise in decibels rating of aircraft
Noise pollution
Noise measurement
Day–evening–night noise level, the EU equivalent

References

United States administrative law
Federal Aviation Administration
Aviation law
Noise pollution
Sound measurements
Pick Temple

Lafayette Parker "Pick" Temple (January 20, 1911 - December 21 1991) was a cowboy folksinger who starred in The Pick Temple Giant Ranch television show from 1948 through 1961.

Early life and career

Temple was born and grew up in the Washington, D.C., area.

Prior to his career in show business, Temple had been employed as an economic statistician in the Business Division of the U.S. Census Bureau for 20 years.

He entered an amateur hour contest on WTTG in which he sang and won the competition. A television station executive saw his performance and asked if he could perform a children's cowboy show.

The Pick Temple Giant Ranch TV show

His children’s show featured his guitar playing and singing, puppet shows, cartoons, his pony Piccolo, and Lady, his Collie canine. Viewers sent postcards to Pick, hoping he might pick them as “Lucky rangers” to appear as guests on his show, sitting in the studio’s hayloft. Pick's opening greeting, "Heidi, Pardner!" was a tip of the hat to the Heidi Bakery, which was the bakery affiliated with the grocery chain. Children wishing to participate in the various games had to wave their hands wildly and shout "Heidi, Please!". The show aired on WMAL-TV, seven days per week, in the Washington, D. C. area and was sponsored by a local grocery store chain, Giant Food of Landover, Maryland.

Appearance on The Rifleman

Temple also appeared on ABC-TV’s weekly Western series, The Rifleman, starring Chuck Connors as Lucas McCain. In the episode, “Honest Abe” (November 20, 1961), a friend of Lucas’ who resembled Abraham Lincoln stopped at a saloon in North Fork, New Mexico (the town closest to McCain’s ranch), for a drink of water. Temple played a guitarist who sang "Jimmy Crack Corn" also known as "Blue-Tailed Fly," with the saloon’s patrons. The townspeople—except for Matt Yordy—play along with the Lincoln look-alike, who claims that he is the president. Yordy is looking for a fight, and Abe obliges him.

Library of Congress music archives contributions

During the Great Depression, Temple rode the rails, listening to the melancholic folksongs of the day, some of which, in 1948, he recorded for the Library of Congress’ music archives.

Post-television career

After The Pick Temple Giant Ranch was cancelled in 1962 due to financial expense, he moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to try out a similar show there. However, due to lack of success, Temple retired from television in 1963. 

Temple returned to government service, working for the Office of Economic Opportunity’s Public Affairs Section and as an audio-visual expert, producing motivational films for Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA). He retired and moved to Sun City, Arizona, in 1972.

Temple died in 1991 at the age of 80. His survivors include his son Park, his daughter Faye, and four grandchildren.

References

Sound recording 

 Pick Temple - 1950s Giant Food Opening
 Library of Congress audio recordings

External links
 Pick Temple papers, at the University of Maryland libraries

1911 births
1991 deaths
American folk singers
American television personalities
20th-century American singers
WWUH

WWUH is a non-commercial radio station licensed to the University of Hartford in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States. The station was started on July 15, 1968 and has a Public Alternative Radio format.

WWUH operates on 91.3 MHz from a tower site in Avon, Connecticut, but their programming is also rebroadcast on WDJW (89.7 FM) in Somers, Connecticut. In addition, WWUH was the first station in the state of Connecticut to webcast on a regular basis via its website. WWUH has an extensive music library consisting of close to 140,000 LPs and CDs.

Notable alumni
 Mike Crispino (1980), Sports Commentator

See also
WDJW
Folk Next Door
List of community radio stations in the United States

References

External links
WWUH history
WWUH website

Avon, Connecticut
West Hartford, Connecticut
WUH
University of Hartford
WUH
Radio stations established in 1968
1968 establishments in Connecticut
Community radio stations in the United States
Glendale, Nevada

Glendale is an unincorporated community in Clark County, Nevada, United States.  The community is at an elevation of .

Glendale was settled in 1855. The community was named for the valley in which it is situated. It was formally established as an unincorporated town in 1979. At that time, it consisted entirely of land owned by Charlie Hester, who operated a motel, gas station, and restaurant.  The town's population peaked at 36, mainly comprising Hester's family and employees.

In 1996, county commissioners approved a plan to redevelop Glendale as a casino resort with 600 hotel rooms, despite objections from residents of nearby Moapa Valley; the project was never realized.

The town was dissolved in 2001, because its population had declined to four, making it impossible to fill the five seats on the town board. Glendale later became part of the unincorporated town of Moapa Valley. In 2009, the town boundaries were shifted, making Glendale part of Moapa.

Notes 

Unincorporated communities in Clark County, Nevada
USS Snowdrop

USS Snowdrop has been the name of two ships in the United States Navy.

 , originally named A. DeGroat, was a screw tug built in 1863.
 , was a member of the United States Lighthouse Service until it was incorporated into the Navy in 1917.

United States Navy ship names
Birger Jarlsgatan

Birger Jarlsgatan is one of the longest streets in central Stockholm, Sweden. The street forms the border between Östermalm and the two neighbouring districts Norrmalm and Vasastaden.

It is named after Birger Jarl since 1885, then "Birger Jarls gata" (gata meaning "street"). The contemporary spelling has been used since 1932.

Stureplan and Balettakademien are situated on Birger Jarlsgatan. The street is also home to some of Stockholm's more exclusive shops, including Gucci, Max Mara, Louis Vuitton, Georg Jensen, Mulberry and Cerruti.

See also
Geography of Stockholm

References 

Streets in Stockholm
Shopping districts and streets in Sweden
Balettakademien
Sloan, Nevada

Sloan is an unincorporated community located in Clark County, Nevada,  southwest of Las Vegas. The community has a population of 105 residents, as per the 2010 U.S. Census. Sloan is renowned for its canyon, petroglyphs, and the George W. Dunaway Army Reserve Center.

History 
Sloan was initially settled in 1912 as Ehret, its founder's family name. On September 11, 1922, the name of the community was changed to Sloan, named after the limestone dolomite carnotite found in the area.

Geography 
Sloan is situated in the North McCullough Wilderness Area and is adjacent to the McCullough Range. It is home to several hiking trails and the Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area, Petroglyph Canyon, and Black Mountain.

Attractions 
The Sloan Canyon Petroglyph Site is a National Register-listed property located within the Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area, which is a 48,438 acre conservation area in the eastern part of Sloan. It contains more than 1,700 individual design elements that dates back to Archaic times. It also contains geological features such as volcanic rock peaks.
 Its petroglyphs dates thousands of years back and includes carvings and paintings by Indian peoples such as the Ancestral Puebloans, Patayan people, and Southern Paiute people. It was designated a National Conservation Area by the U.S. Congress in 2002, through the passing of the H.R. 5200 - Clark County Conservation of Public Land and Natural Resources Act of 2002.The George W. Dunaway Army Reserve Center, which is not open to the public, officially opened in April 2015.

Access 
Sloan is adjacent to Interstate 15 and can be accessed via exit 25. There are no bus routes from Las Vegas to Sloan. The Sloan Canyon visitors center and trailhead to the petroglyphs are accessible from a newer paved road through the Henderson neighborhood of Anthem, east of Interstate 15.

References

1912 establishments in Nevada
Populated places established in 1912
Populated places in the Mojave Desert
Unincorporated communities in Clark County, Nevada
Elster (Elbe)

Elster is a village and a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany located in Wittenberg district. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Zahna-Elster. From 2005 until 2011 it belonged to the administrative municipality (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) of Elbaue-Fläming, before 2005 it belonged to the administrative community of Elster-Seyda-Klöden.

Geography and transport
The community lies about 15 km east of Wittenberg and 10 km west of Jessen. Through the community runs the Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) B 187 and the railway line between Wittenberg and Cottbus.

It lies at the mouth of the Black Elster, where it empties into the Elbe. The International Bicycle Trail R2 runs through Elster along the Elbe. A reaction ferry is still used here for crossing the river. Scenically charming are the Elbauen, which at high water work as natural polders. During the so-called Flood of the Century in 2006, these natural polders were not high enough to keep the water back, leading to a great deal of the community being flooded.

Moreover, in 2004, a new landing stage was dedicated where Elbe cruise ships now stop.

History

Elster had its first documentary mention in 1187 under the name Alstermunde. Until sometime before the Second World War, it was an important shipping and fishing community. Nowadays, the biggest employers are agriculture and small handicraft businesses.

From 1815 to 1944, Elster was part of the Prussian Province of Saxony and from 1944 to 1945 of the Province of Halle-Merseburg.

After World War II, Elster was incorporated into the Province (since 1947, State) of Saxony-Anhalt from 1945 to 1952 and the Bezirk Cottbus of East Germany from 1952 to 1990. Since 1990, Elster has been part of Saxony-Anhalt, since 2011 as a part of Zahna-Elster.

Subdivisions
Elster consists of Iserbegka, Gielsdorf, Meltendorf, and Elster

References

External links

Elster/Elbe The Community of Elster
Elbe-Elster Tourism Association
regionalverein-jessen.de

Former municipalities in Saxony-Anhalt
Zahna-Elster
Dual headphone adapter

A dual headphone adapter, also known as a "headphone splitter" or "audio jack splitter", is a device that allows two headphones to be connected through to one audio jack. They can be used to listen to audio through multiple audio input devices, such as headphones on devices such as an MP3 player, CD player, modern Computer with audio-out compatibility (such as a headphone socket) or boombox. Although earbuds, a type of headphone design, can be shared with a bud (with one "bud" in another's ear), a dual headphone adapter can be more practical. Dual headphone adapters can be purchased at various audio and electronic stores. Headphone adapters can be used by inserting a 3.5mm Audio jack plug into the headphone jack.

Types of headphone adapters
Many designs of headphone adapters have been created by various individuals and/or manufacturers. The most common types are the "Y" design, adapters with up to six headphone sockets, and wired headphone adapters.

References

Headphones
Pataha, Washington

Pataha is a small, unincorporated community in Garfield County, Washington, United States.  It located about 4 miles east of Pomeroy, the Garfield County seat. Pataha is home to the historic Houser Mill, a working water-powered flour mill originally built in 1879.

Geography
Pataha is located along Pataha Creek, about four miles east of Pomeroy, the Garfield County seat. U.S. Route 12 passes from Pomeroy through Pataha as it follows the valley cut by Pataha Creek. The valley is quite steep, only about a mile wide at Pataha and rising more than 300 feet above the valley floor within a mile on the north side of the community and to heights over 500 feet above the floor immediately to the south of the community.

History
The town is located on the Pataha Creek along the Nez Perce trail.  This was the path used by the Nez Perce Native Americans for crossing the Rocky Mountains.  The name Pataha is from the Nez Perce word for 'brush', as there was dense brush along both sides of the creek.

In May 1806, Lewis and Clark passed through and spent the night here on their return journey from the Pacific coast.  In 1834, Captain B. L. E. Bonneville passed through the area doing survey work for the US Government.  In 1861, James Bowers settled on the site of Pataha.  The next year a stagecoach line was established between Walla Walla and Lewiston which passed through the area, bringing many more settlers.  These first settlers were mainly engaged in farming vegetables and cattle ranching, but this would give way to wheat farming in the 1870s.  The area began to grow as a town in 1878, and was officially platted in 1882 by Angevine Titus and Company Favor.  The town was briefly known as both 'Favorsburg' and 'Watertown', but the original native placename Pataha would prevail.

Pataha grew into a successful town, rivalling nearby Pomeroy for some time.  Pataha was briefly the county seat when Garfield County was created in 1881.  The Pataha Spirit newspaper was also established this same year.  When the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company brought a rail line to Pomeroy in 1885, the line was not extended to Pataha.  Soon the town lost its competitive edge over its neighbor and began to decline.  The flour mill continued to run until 1940.

References 

Unincorporated communities in Garfield County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)
Big Mello

Curtis Donnell Davis (August 7, 1968 – June 15, 2002), better known by his stage name Big Mello, was an American rapper from Houston, Texas.

Mello graduated from Madison High School, and in the early 1980s, he attended Texas Southern University, studying music and broadcasting. Mello would go on to sign to J. Prince's  Rap-A-Lot Records label and debuted in 1992 with the album "Bone Hard Zaggin" and then in 1994 with "Wegonefunkwichamind."

Shea Serrano of the Houston Press said that Big Mello was famous for "repping Hiram Clarke in the 90s[...]"

On June 15, 2002, Davis along with a passenger died after Davis lost control of his vehicle and hit a pillar in the 4500 block of South Loop West (South Interstate Highway 610).

Discography
 1992: Bone Hard Zaggin' 
 1994: Wegonefunkwichamind
 1996: Southside Story
 2002: The Gift 
 2003: Done Deal

See also

Houston hip hop

References

1968 births
2002 deaths
African-American male rappers
American male rappers
Gangsta rappers
G-funk artists
Rappers from Houston
Road incident deaths in Texas
Screwed Up Click members
Southern hip hop musicians
Underground rappers
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century African-American musicians
21st-century African-American musicians
Sportin' Life (Weather Report album)

Sportin' Life is the thirteenth studio album by American jazz fusion band Weather Report which was released in March 1985 through Columbia Records. Although featuring many more vocal performances than any of their previous studio albums, words are rare and most vocals are chants from guest musicians such as Bobby McFerrin or Carl Anderson. The album is named after a character from Porgy and Bess. In addition, Sportin' Life was to be the last Weather Report studio album but, given contractual obligations with Columbia, the band had to release a follow-up in 1986 which was titled This Is This!.

Track listing 

All tracks composed by Joe Zawinul; except where indicated:

 "Corner Pocket" – 5:46
 "Indiscretions" – 4:05
 "Hot Cargo" – 4:41
 "Confians" (Mino Cinélu) – 5:07
 "Pearl On the Half Shell" (Wayne Shorter) – 4:06
 "What's Going On" (Renaldo Benson, Alfred Cleveland, Marvin Gaye) – 6:29
 "Face on the Barroom Floor" (Wayne Shorter) – 3:59
 "Ice-Pick Willy" – 5:00

Personnel 
Weather Report
 Josef Zawinul – keyboards
 Wayne Shorter – saxophones
 Omar Hakim – drums, background vocals on "Confians"
 Victor Bailey – bass, background vocals on "Confians"
 Mino Cinélu – percussion, lead vocals and acoustic guitar on "Confians"

Additional musicians
 Bobby McFerrin – vocalist (tracks 1, 3, 5, 8)
 Carl Anderson – vocalist (tracks 1, 3, 8)
 Dee Dee Bellson – vocalist (tracks 1, 3, 8)
 Alfie Silas – voice (tracks 1, 3, 8)

Production
 Howard Siegel – engineer
 Tony Lane, Nancy Donald – art direction
 Jerry McDonald – album artwork

References

External links 

 Weather Report Annotated Discography: Sportin' Life

1985 albums
Columbia Records albums
Weather Report albums
Jay Mathews

Jay Mathews is an author and education columnist with the Washington Post.

Career
Mathews has worked at the Washington Post writing news reports and books about China, disability rights, the stock market, and education. He writes the Class Struggle blog for the Washington Post.

He has prepared the annual ranking of "America’s Most Challenging High Schools" for the Washington Post (and previously for Newsweek) for 18 years. He developed the "challenge index" by counting how many individuals take Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate, and Advanced International Certificate of Education tests at a school each year, divided by the number of graduating seniors.
  Top-performing schools are excluded. 

He previously held Bureau Chief posts at locations including Beijing, as its first Bureau Chief in 1979-1980, and Los Angeles. He spent several weeks back in Beijing in 1989 to cover the Tiananmen protests at the time, and has since challenged the dominant media narrative of a student massacre inside Tiananmen Square, reporting that all remaining students at the square, were allowed to leave the square peacefully when soldiers arrived, and that instead hundreds of people, mostly workers and passersby did perish that night, "but in a different place and under different circumstances".

Bibliography

References

External links
Class Struggle online column
Waiting For Superman Debate

American columnists
1945 births
Living people
Writers from Long Beach, California
Occidental College alumni
Harvard College alumni
The Washington Post people
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
Drill floor

The drill floor is the heart of any drilling rig. This is the area where the drill string begins its trip into the earth. It is traditionally where joints of pipe are assembled, as well as the BHA (bottom hole assembly), drilling bit, and various other tools. This is the primary work location for roughnecks and the driller. The drill floor is located directly under the derrick.

The floor is a relatively small work area in which the rig crew conducts operations, usually adding or removing drillpipe to, or from the drillstring. The rig floor is the most dangerous location on the rig because heavy iron is moved around there. Drill string connections are made or broken on the drill floor, and the driller's console for controlling the major components of the rig are located there. Attached to the rig floor is a small metal room, the doghouse, where the rig crew can meet, take breaks, and take refuge from the elements during idle times.

External links
 Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary
 The History of the Oil Industry 
 "Black Gold" Popular Mechanics, January 1930 - large photo article on oil drilling in the 1920s and 1930s
 "World's Deepest Well" Popular Science, August 1938, article on the late 1930s technology of drilling oil wells
 

Oilfield terminology
Oil platforms
Mining equipment
Drosera madagascariensis

Drosera madagascariensis is a carnivorous plant of the sundew genus (Drosera). It was described in 1824 by A. P. de Candolle and is native to Africa.

Description 
Drosera madagascariensis is a robust stem-forming species with a clearly visible stem, which stands upright in the case of younger plants and either uses its leaves to anchor itself to surrounding vegetation as it matures or bends over and forms a scrambling stem.

Leaves 
The plant grows to a height of . The upper part of the plant is composed of carnivorous leaves while the lower part of the stem is covered with the dried remains of older leaves. The leaf arrangement on the stem is alternate. The petioles are 1.5–3 cm long and support 10–15 mm long and 7 mm wide obtuse to spatulate laminae. The root system is relatively undeveloped, serving mainly as an anchor and for water absorption, since nutrient uptake is achieved through carnivory.

Flowers and fruit 

Drosera madagascariensis forms one or two slightly pubescent inflorescences which are  tall and bear 4-12 flowers on 2–5 mm long peduncles. The sepals are ovate and slightly pubescent. The pink petals are obovate,  long and 4–6 mm wide. The seed capsules are dehiscent and bear numerous seeds up to 0.6 mm long.

Distribution 
Drosera madagascariensis is native to the tropical Africa (Guinea, Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Angola, Zambesi, Tanganyika) as far south as South Africa and east to the island of Madagascar. It is found in swamps and sphagnum bogs.

References 
 Ludwig Diels: Droseraceae. in Engler, A. (Hrsg.): Pflanzenr. 4, 112 : 109, 1906
 A.A. Obermeyer: The Flora of Southern Africa Vol. 13.

External links
 

madagascariensis
Carnivorous plants of Africa
Flora of West Tropical Africa
Flora of West-Central Tropical Africa
Flora of Northeast Tropical Africa
Flora of East Tropical Africa
Flora of South Tropical Africa
Flora of Southern Africa
Flora of Madagascar
San Francisco F.C.

San Francisco Fútbol Club is a professional football team located in La Chorrera, Panamá, that plays in Liga Panameña de Fútbol, the top Panamanian football league. It has been in the top flight of Panamanian football every year since 1988, when Panama's first professional league was organized.  The club plays its games in Estadio Agustín Sánchez.

San Francisco have won 9 Liga Panameña de Fútbol championships, the third highest total of any team since 1988. The club has also finished second 9 times since 1988.

History

Deportivo La Previsora
The club was founded in September 1971, and began playing in La Chorrera District league.  At that time, the club was known as Club Deportivo La Previsora.  It has been in continuous operation ever since. An early contender in ANAPROF (the first Panamanian professional league), La Previsora reached the finals in each of the league's first two seasons (losing to Plaza Amador and Tauro FC).

Since then, they have been regular contenders for national honors, winning nine titles (most recently in Apertura 2014).

San Francisco F.C.
The club's current name is derived from the patron saint of the La Chorrera District, Francis of Paola (San Francisco de Paula). The club was the best supported club in the LPF in 2011, averaging an attendance of 765 at their matches.

Honours
Liga Panameña de Fútbol: 9
1994–95, 1995–96, 2005 (C), 2006 (A), 2007 (C), 2008 (A), 2009 (A), 2011 (C), 2014 (A)

Copa Panamá: 1
2015

Players

Current squad
First team squad 2022

Notable players

Personnel

Management

Historical list of coaches

 Edgardo Baldi (1979)
 Saúl Suárez (1988–90)
 Leopoldo "Chino" Lee (1995–97)
  Gary Stempel (1996–98), (2001–07)
 Miguel Mansilla (2004)
 Pascual "Chato" Ramírez (Jan 2007–March 7)
 Rubén Guevara (March 2007–07) 
 Cristóbal Maldonado (200?–March 9)
 Rubén Guevara (March 2009–09)
  Gary Stempel (Oct 2009–10)
 Leonardo Ezequiel Pipino (December 2010 - October 12)
  Gary Stempel (October 2012 – 2016)
 Mike Stump (June 2016- February 2017)
 Pascual Moreno (February 2017 - August 2017)
 Andrés Domínguez (August 2017 - September 2018)
 Sergio "Checho" Angulo (September 2017 - December 2018)
 Gonzalo Soto (January 2019 - March 2021)
 José Manuel Rodríguez (March 2021 - June 2021)
 Carlos Leiria (June 2021 - September 2021)
 Jorge Santos (September 2021 - December 2021)
 Gonzalo Soto (January 2022 -Present)

References

External links
 Official website

 
Football clubs in Panama
Association football clubs established in 1971
1971 establishments in Panama
Haru M. Reischauer

was a Japanese-American writer and wife of the U.S. scholar and Ambassador to Japan Edwin O. Reischauer.

Early life and education 
Haru Matsukata was born in Tokyo. She was a granddaughter of Matsukata Masayoshi, a prime minister in the Meiji era known for his liberal policies over financial affairs, and silk importer and exporter Ryoichiro Arai. She was also a niece of the successful industrialist and art collector Kōjirō Matsukata. She was a sister of Tané Matsukata, founder of the Matsukata Academy, later renamed the Nishimachi International School, in Tokyo. Her second cousin was Nobuhiko Ushiba, who served as Japanese Ambassador to the United States from 1970 to 1973. Her sisters were jewelry designer Miye Matsukata, educator Tané Matsukata, Mari Bruck, Naka Rawsthorne, and brother Mako Matsukata.

She attended highschool at the American School in Japan, and in 1937 graduated from Principia College in Illinois.

Career 
Matsukata returned to Japan and was there during World War II, but felt out of place because of her experience in America. She later returned to the US and worked as a journalist, where she meet Edwin O. Reischauer, whom she married in 1956. In 1961 she returned to Japan with her husband when he was appointed US Ambassador to Japan. They lived in Japan until 1966, a period during which she was able to contribute to the reinforcement of US and Japan relations.

Back to the United States, she took an active role as a director of the Japan America Student Conference.

She wrote an autobiography, Samurai and Silk (1986) which is centered of her grandfathers and their successful roles during Japan's Meiji period. The book inspired a PBS American Playhouse docudrama, Long Shadows.

References

Sources
 

Japanese writers
1915 births
1998 deaths
Matsukata family
Writers from Tokyo
Japanese emigrants to the United States
American School in Japan alumni
Principia College alumni
American Christian Scientists
The Christian Science Monitor people
Orthogoniosaurus

Orthogoniosaurus (meaning "straight angled lizard", referring to the straight posterior edge of its type tooth) was a genus of theropod dinosaur from the late Maastrichtian-age Upper Cretaceous Lameta Formation of Jabalpur, India.  It is based on one small, fragmentary tooth (preserved section 27 mm (1.1 in) long).

Because it is the earliest published name for a Lameta theropod, it has sometimes been used as a synonym for other contemporaneous theropods, such as Indosaurus and Indosuchus.  As a tooth taxon, however, such usage has been discouraged.  Ralph Molnar in 1990 noted that the form of the tooth was most like teeth from the rear of theropod jaws, although the lack of serrations on the leading edge was unusual.  In the most recent review, it was considered to be a dubious ceratosaurian.

"Massospondylus" rawesi, another tooth taxon, but from probable Upper Triassic rocks, is sometimes given as a second species of this genus, but it may not be dinosaurian, and could be substantially older.

See also
 Timeline of ceratosaur research

References

Ceratosaurs
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs
Dinosaurs of India and Madagascar
Fossil taxa described in 1931
Ahmedabad Cantonment

Ahmedabad Cantonment is situated between Ahmedabad city and Gandhinagar in the state of Gujarat in India.

History
The cantonment site was chosen by Sir J. Malcolm in 1830 and established in 1833.

Demographics
 India census, Ahmedabad Cantonment had a population of 14,345.  Ahmedabad Cantonment has an average literacy rate of 81%.

References

Neighbourhoods in Ahmedabad
Indian Army
Cantonments of India
1830 establishments in India
Hazrat Pir Mohammad Shah Library

The Hazrat Pir Muhammad Shah Library is a library on Pir Muhammad Shah Road, Pankore Naka, Ahmedabad, in the state of Gujarat, India. One of the oldest libraries in India, it has a collection of rare original manuscripts in Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Sindhi and Turkish languages.

Introduction
The library is located within the precincts of the tomb-shrine complex of Pir Muhammad Shah, a Sufi who was born in Bijapur in 1688 and migrated to Ahmedabad in 1711, where he died in 1749.

Prominent writer and scholar Professor Mohyiuddin Bombaywala has held the post of director since last 30 years. Dr. Ziauddin A. Desai, the well-known numismatist and scholar, was associated with the Library and its governing trust until his death in 2002.

History
Pir Muhammad Shah was a Hussaini Sayyid and a well-respected Sufi who lived in Ahmedabad during the rule of Aurangzeb. His father died before his birth and his uncle, ‘Abd al-Rahman, trained the young Muhammad Shah in religious scholarship and practical Sufism. The Pir was a great lover of learning and possessed an extraordinary memory. During his lifetime, the Pir and his murids (disciples) had amassed a large collection of manuscripts and books of academic and spiritual value. These are housed in the "kutubkhana" (library). Pir Muhammad Shah was a bi-lingual poet himself and wrote profusely in Persian and Dakhani. Among his many works, the best known is Nur al-shuyukh in Persian which is a versified history in the mutaqarib meter.

Sunni Vohras of the Kadi jamat are also followers (murids) of Pir Muhammad Shah. Pir Muhammad Shah wrote five sujaras. Dargah sharif of Hazrat Pir Muhammad Shah is a well-known historical site where many go to visit the dargah and library.

The Pir Muhammad Shah trust has been supporting Muslim students right from primary school to graduation. The trust also manages a hostel for Muslim students who come to study in Ahmedabad from far places.

Catalogues
Arabi, Farsi, Urdu makhtūtāt kī wadahatī fihrist, 10 vols., (Ahmedabad: Pir Muhammad Shah Dargah Sharif Trust) 1998.
Shaykh Farid al-Din Burhanpuri, d. 1998, "Kutub khanah-yi Dargah Hazrat Pir Muhammad Shah," Nawa-i Adab (October 1955); Taher, Amin Ahmed Khan, and Muhammed Burhanuddin, "Dargah Libraries in India: A Comparative Study," International Library Journal 18 (1986): 337–345; Z. A. Desai, "Some Rare Seal-Bearing Persian Manuscripts in the Hazrat P. M. Dargah Library," Indo-Iranica 46, l-lv
(1993): 52–73.
Works on the history or individual manuscripts in the Library: published 6 journals. 12 catalogues.

References

Libraries in Gujarat
Education in Ahmedabad
Amit Shah (mayor)

Amit Popatlal Shah is an Indian politician who served as the mayor of the city of Ahmedabad, in the state of Gujarat, India from 23 October 2005 to 23 April 2008. He also became the member of legislative assembly of Gujarat in the year 2023 from the Ellis Bridge Constituency.

He is affiliated with the BJP. Presently he is president in BJP of Ahmedabad City.

After pursuing his LLB from Gujarat Law Society, Shah joined politics. He is municipal Councillor of Vasna. He always won Corporation's election by a large margin. Shah is famous for not accepting MLA's ticket from area called Vejalpur, Ahmedabad which is BJP's seat..

Career
Shah is an accountant by profession, and worked at the Ahmedabad District Cooperative bank. He is not to be confused with the Gujarat Home Minister, also named Amit Shah , who was chairman of that bank, and who led the successful campaign to have his colleague and namesake chosen as mayor, over the other BJP contenders.

In March 2008, Mayor Shah led a delegation of Ahmedabad leaders to Atlanta, Georgia, to formally apply for his city to be a sister city with the Georgia capital. Shah along with commissioner of Ahmedabad I P Gautam participated Dubai international transport award function and Ahmedabad municipal corporation won award for administration of BRTS under Shah's leadership. He was succeeded as mayor in April by Kanaji Thakor.

Shah was director of BRTS, Sabarmati Riverfront Project and Chairman of AMTS. Shah was also president BJP Ahmedabad, under his leadership Bjp won 152 seats in local election. Shah was leader of BJP, Amdavad Muninicipal Corporation from 2019 to 2021.

Personal life
Shah's elder son Ruchir married the grand daughter of late Mr. Ashok Bhatt, former speaker and law minister of Gujarat Vidhansabha. Shah has two children, who are based in Ahmedabad. Sunny Shah, younger son belongs to RSS and BJP and he is president of BJYM, Ahmedabad.

References 

Gujarati people
Mayors of Ahmedabad
Living people
Indian accountants
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat
Year of birth missing (living people)
Tetramethylethylenediamine (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on tetramethylethylenediamine.

Material Safety Data Sheet  

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source  such as SIRI, and follow its directions.

Structure and properties

Thermodynamic properties

Spectral data

References

Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup
Seekriegsleitung

The Seekriegsleitung or SKL (Maritime Warfare Command) was a higher command staff section of the Kaiserliche Marine and the Kriegsmarine of Germany during the World Wars.

World War I
The SKL was established on August 27, 1918, on the initiative of Admiral Reinhard Scheer, who became its first commander, simultaneously to being the Chief of the German Imperial Admiralty Staff. It led the planning and execution of naval combat and directed the distribution of naval forces. Up to this point, that was done by several staffs and the individual theater commanders; including the Supreme Army Command under General Erich Ludendorff, whose decisions led to the unrestricted submarine warfare and the entrance of the United States into the war. When the war ended, the SKL was absorbed into the admiralty.

World War II
The SKL was reestablished in 1937 and deeply linked in the Naval High Command, the Commander-in-Chief also being the commander of the SKL with the Commander of the Naval Command Department (Marinekommandoamt) as the Chief of Staff. Though the competences of the SKL initially were equal to their role in World War I, they were narrowed when the Naval Command Department was split from it. The command was limited to except-domestic sea-areas, where the naval group commands did not possess the operational guidance. Also, the submarine war split and were, under the Commander of the submarines (Befehlshaber der U-Boote), directly subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief. In 1944, the SKL was tasked with the command of fleet units operating as transports, blockade runners, auxiliary cruisers and supply shipping.

SKL command
The Commanders of the Seekriegsleitung were:

The Chiefs of Staff of the Seekriegsleitung were:

References

Erich Gröner - Die Schiffe der deutschen Kriegsmarine und ihr Verbleib 1939-1945, J.F. Lehmanns Verlag, München (1976)
Hans H. Hildebrand - Die organisatorische Entwicklung der Marine nebst Stellenbesetzung 1848 bis 1945, Biblio-Verlag, Osnabrück(2000)
Hans H. Hildebrand & Ernest Henriot –Deutschlands Admirale 1849-1945, Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück (1989)
Hans H. Hildebrand, Albert Röhr & Hans-Otto Steinmetz – Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe, Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg (1980)
Walter Lohmann & Hans H. Hildebrand –Die Deutsche Kriegsmarine, Verlag Hans-Henning Podzun, Bad Nauheim (1956)

Imperial German Navy
Naval history of Germany
Kriegsmarine
Naval units and formations of Germany
Zester

A zester (also, citrus zester or lemon zester) is a kitchen utensil for obtaining zest from lemons and other citrus fruit. A kitchen zester is approximately  long, with a handle and a curved metal end, the top of which is perforated with a row of round holes with sharpened rims.  To operate, the zester is pressed with moderate force against the fruit and drawn across its peel.  The rims cut the zest from the pith underneath.  The zest is cut into ribbons, one drawn through each hole.

Other tools are also sometimes called zesters because they too are able to separate the zest from a citrus fruit. For example, when Microplane discovered that its surform type wood rasps had become popular as food graters and zesters, it adapted the woodworking tools and marketed them as "zester / graters".

See also
 Grater
 Oroshigane
 Surform

References

External links

Food preparation utensils
Bartending equipment