alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Ytterbium(III) bromide

Ytterbium(III) bromide (YbBr3) is an inorganic chemical compound.

Refer to the adjacent table for the main properties of Ytterbium(III) bromide.

Preparation 
Dissolving ytterbium oxide into 40% hydrobromic acid forms YbBr3·6H2O crystals. After mixing the hydrate with ammonium bromide and heating it in a vacuum, anhydrous YbBr3 can be obtained.
 Yb2O3 + 6 HBr → 2 YbBr3 + 3 H2O

Ytterbium(III) bromide can also be prepared by directly heating ytterbium oxide and ammonium bromide.

References

Bromides
Lanthanide halides
Ytterbium compounds
WPGD-TV

WPGD-TV (channel 50) is a religious television station licensed to Hendersonville, Tennessee, United States, serving the Nashville area as an owned-and-operated station of the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN). The station's transmitter is located in Whites Creek, Tennessee, just off I-24 and Old Hickory Boulevard. Its studios are located at Trinity Music City on Music Village Boulevard in Hendersonville, which also acts as a host studio for several TBN programs and serves as a religious tourist attraction, in addition to its former role as the estate of the late country artist Conway Twitty.

History
Although it was granted a construction permit on September 17, 1987, the station did not sign on the air until September 24, 1992, with its original analog transmitter along TN 109 in unincorporated Sumner County between Portland and Gallatin. It was built and signed on by Sonlight Broadcasting Systems, a broadcast ministry based in Mobile, Alabama, and co-founded by television producer Paul Crouch Jr. and attorney and broadcaster Jay Sekulow. All of Sonlight's stations were affiliated with TBN, which was co-founded by Paul Crouch Jr.'s parents Paul Sr. and Jan. As a TBN affiliate, WPGD carried most of the network's schedule while opting out at times to air alternate programming.

In 1997, WPGD was sold, along with the rest of Sonlight's stations, to All American TV (not to be confused with an unrelated television syndication company of a similar name), a minority-owned firm with close ties to TBN; the sale to All American made the station a full-fledged affiliate of the network. WPGD became a TBN owned-and-operated station in 2000, when TBN purchased all of All American's stations.

Technical information

Subchannels

Former translator
At one point during the 1990s, WPGD also operated a low-power translator, W36AK, serving Nashville proper due to the main transmitter's location, until it was discontinued at an unknown date.

References

External links

 
 

Sumner County, Tennessee
Trinity Broadcasting Network affiliates
PGD-TV
1992 establishments in Tennessee
Television channels and stations established in 1992
Xavier Musca

Xavier Musca (born 23 February 1960 in Bastia, Corsica) is a French economist, writer, and public administrator. In February 2011, he was appointed the Secretary-General of the French President Nicolas Sarkozy and was in charge of economic affairs. He served as a deputy for two years.

Education
 Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (IEP)
 École nationale d'administration (ÉNA), "Léonard de Vinci" class (1985).

Positions
1985 - Auditor, Inspection Générale des Finances 
1988 - 1989  Adviser to the head of the Inspection Générale des Finances
1989 - 1990  Special adviser, Bureau for Energy, Transportation and Mines, charged with the FDES (economic and social development fund) secretariat at the Treasury Directorate
1990 - 1993  Head of the European Affairs Bureau at the Treasury Directorate
1993 - 1995  Technical adviser for Financial Affairs and International Economic Issues in the Private Office of Prime Minister Edouard Balladur.
1995 - 1996  Head of the Financial Market Bureau at the Treasury Directorate
1996 - 2000  Deputy Director for Europe and Monetary and International Affairs at the European and International Affairs Division of the Treasury Directorate
2000  Chargé de la sous-Direction du financement de l'économie et Head of the Division for the Financing of the Economy and Business Competitiveness, and subsequently Deputy Director
Member of the plenary group of the Euro Taskforce
2001 - May 2002  Head of the Department for the Financing of the State and the Economy at the Treasury Directorate
May 2002 - June 2004  Principal Private Secretary to Francis Mer, Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industry
June 2005 - February 2009  Director General of the Treasury and Economic Policy and President of the Paris Club, a group of finance officials from 19 of the world's richest countries
February 2009 - Deputy Secretary General of the French President's Office
February 2011 - Appointed Secretary General

Career in the private sector
 Amundi, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2016)
 Capgemini, Independent Member of the Board of Directors (since 2014)
 Banco Espírito Santo, Non-Executive Member of the Board of Directors (since 2012)
 CNP Assurances, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2007)

Works
Code monétaire et financier, Alice Pezard and Xavier Musca ; Ed. Litec (2005) ; 
Rapport Moral sur l'Argent dans le Monde, Hubert Martini, Dominica Deprée, Joanne Klein-Cornede, and Xavier Musca; Association d'Economie Financière (2006) ;

References

External links
Chairman's Biography on the Paris Club website. 

1960 births
Living people
French economists
French civil servants
Sciences Po alumni
École nationale d'administration alumni
Inspection générale des finances (France)
Public administration scholars
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Knights of the Ordre national du Mérite
People from Bastia
Pedro Barbosa

Pedro Alexandre dos Santos Barbosa (born 6 August 1970; ) is a Portuguese retired professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

Best known for his spell at Sporting CP, he appeared in 367 matches in the Primeira Liga and scored 61 goals, being a player with above-average skills.

Barbosa represented Portugal at the 2002 World Cup and Euro 1996.

Club career
Born in Gondomar, Porto District, Barbosa unsuccessfully graduated from FC Porto's academy, making his professional debut with lowly S.C. Freamunde in the Segunda Liga.

He first came to prominence at Vitória de Guimarães, making his Primeira Liga debut at age 21, and joined Sporting CP in 1995–96, remaining at the club for the next ten seasons. Already a veteran, he contributed heavily to the Lisbon team's 2000 and 2002 league titles, appearing in respectively 31 (two goals scored) and 27 matches (three).

In the 2003–04 campaign, Barbosa netted a career-best nine goals to help his side to finish third. In the following, the 34-year-old played 13 matches as the Lions reached the UEFA Cup final on home soil, scoring all of his two goals against Middlesbrough in the round of 16.

Having made more than 300 competitive appearances for Sporting, Barbosa subsequently became its director of football. He left the post in early November 2009, after coach Paulo Bento's resignation.

International career
Barbosa won 22 caps for the Portugal national team and scored five goals over ten years. He represented the nation at UEFA Euro 1996 (playing the last 30 minutes of the 3–0 group stage win against Croatia) and the 2002 FIFA World Cup (no appearances).

|}

Honours
Sporting CP
Primeira Liga: 1999–2000, 2001–02
Taça de Portugal: 2001–02; runner-up: 1995–96, 1999–2000
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 1995, 2000, 2002
UEFA Cup runner-up: 2004–05

Individual
Primeira Liga Player of the Month: November 2003

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
People from Gondomar, Portugal
Portuguese men's footballers
Footballers from Porto District
Men's association football midfielders
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
S.C. Freamunde players
Vitória S.C. players
Sporting CP footballers
Portugal men's youth international footballers
Portugal men's under-21 international footballers
Portugal men's international footballers
UEFA Euro 1996 players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
Sporting CP non-playing staff
Portuguese association football commentators
Office and Professional Employees International Union

The Office and Professional Employees International Union (OPEIU) is a trade union in the United States and Canada representing approximately 88,000 white-collar working people in the public and private sectors. It has members in all 50 US states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, as well as in one local in Canada.

History
Clerical unions began forming in the early 1900s. By 1920, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) had issued charters to more than 50 clerical unions. In 1942, the locals banded together to form the International Council of Office Employee Unions. In 1945, this union received a charter from the AFL as the Office Employees International Union. 

In 1992, the union absorbed the Leather Workers' International Union of America.  In 2010, the Association of Minor League Umpires, the national labor union that represents Minor League Baseball umpires voted to join OPEIU.

Canadian autonomy 
Canadian members made up nearly a quarter of the union as early as the 1970s but in 2003 the OPEIU chose not to appoint a Canadian to the position of Secretary-Treasurer, the second-highest union rank.  In March 2004, OPEIU President Michael Goodwin concluded that the American locals of the union had subsidized the Canadian locals by approximately $10 million. Goodwin proposed raising the per capita dues of Canadian OPEIU members by $2.00 per member per month, which, accounting for the then low Canadian dollar, would mean Canadians were paying more in dues than their American counterparts.

On June 20, 2004, the Canadian locals voted 74 percent to 26 percent to form their own, autonomous union under the umbrella of the international. OPEIU Canadian delegates to the international convention, meeting in Bal Harbor, Florida, withdrew from the proceedings and formed their own national union—the Canadian Office and Professional Employees Union (COPE).

Presidents
1945: Paul Hutchings
1953: Howard Coughlin
1979: John Kelly
1994: Michael Goodwin
2015: Richard Lanigan

References

Further reading

External links

Archives
 The Office and Professional Employees International Union, Local 8 (Seattle, Wash.) Records. 1938-1998. 238.09 cubic feet. At the Labor Archives of Washington State, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.

 
AFL–CIO
Trade unions established in 1945
Bluff Cove

Bluff Cove ( or ) is a sea inlet and settlement on East Falkland, in the Falkland Islands, on its east coast. It was the site of secondary landings of the Falklands War of 1982, which resulted in a successful attack of the Argentine Air Force, which came to be known as the Bluff Cove Disaster.

It is near the Mount Pleasant highway overlooking a small harbour.

On the 8 June 1982, the 1st Welsh Guards were aboard RFA Sir Galahad also waiting to be landed at Bluff Cove when Sir Galahad and RFA Sir Tristram were attacked by Argentinian Skyhawk fighters who caught them by surprise. Both ships were badly hit.  The explosions and subsequent fires resulted in heavy casualties on board Sir Galahad. Forty-eight people, including thirty-two Welsh Guards, were killed or severely wounded, with many suffering terrible burns. The wreck of Sir Galahad was scuttled after the war, torpedoed by the submarine HMS Onyx. The hulk was declared a war grave. The disabled Sir Tristram was transferred to the United Kingdom where she underwent a major overhaul.

Climate
Tundra climates are characterized by sub-freezing mean annual temperatures, large annual temperature ranges, and moderately low precipitation.

References

Coves
Inlets of the Falkland Islands
Populated places on East Falkland
New Joc City

New Joc City is the debut studio album by American rapper Yung Joc. It was released on June 6, 2006, by Bad Boy South, Block Entertainment, and Atlantic Records. Upon its release, the album features two hit songs such as "It's Goin' Down" and "I Know You See It" with the former of two reaching at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100.

Commercial performance
New Joc City was released on June 6, 2006, by Bad Boy South, Block Entertainment, and Atlantic Records. Upon its release, the album debuted at number 3 on the US Billboard 200, with 150,000 copies sold in the first week. As of August 11, 2006, the album became a certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), selling 500,000 copies in the United States.

Reception

Reviews for this album were mixed. Rating the album "L" (in its five-level clothing size rating system from "S" to "XXL"), XXL described "Dope Boy Magic" as having "endless head-turning punch lines...with different sequential number combinations" but described the tracks as "go[ing] in cliché circles" with "[c]orny brand-name drops." In a three-star (out of five) review, David Jeffries of AllMusic described the album as having an "identity crisis" due to tracks that he found "less convincing" than the "safe and tested surroundings" of "It's Goin' Down" and "I Know You See It." The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, based in Yung Joc's hometown, graded the album "C+", describing lead single "It's Goin' Down" as "simple...[but] infectious" while finding a lack of "a new, exciting reserve of wordplay and delivery." RapReviews found other tracks such as "Don't Play Wit It" to be better choices as a lead single.

For HipHopDX, Brian Sims rated New Joc City two out of five ("aluminum") due to what he called "reused lines" and a "dull mood plaguing most of the album." Sims compared Yung Joc's rapping style on "It's Goin' Down" to "a senior citizen on the MARTA," describing the song as "bar after monotonous bar." Tom Breihan of Pitchfork described the album as having "no visible identity of purpose" and "bargain-basement minimal snap stuff."

Track listing

Leftover tracks
"Take Off Your Pimps" (featuring Potzee and Starr) (produced by J.R. Rotem)
"A Couple Grand"

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2006 debut albums
Yung Joc albums
Bad Boy South albums
Meghan Andrews

Meghan Andrews is an American actress and singer from New York City. She has been a studio singer and actress ever since the age of nine.

Andrews is most notable for playing the role of Mallory Pike from The Baby-Sitters Club television series. She is an alternative folk/pop guitarist and singer-songwriter. She starred in the off-Broadway show The Trip to Bountiful and released her debut album Center of Gravity. Andrews is a member of the Actors Studio.

Filmography

Track listing of Center of Gravity 

"Center of Gravity"
"The Garden of Hardly Here"
"Trial & Error"
"Annie"
"Human Love"
"Carry Me"
"Tiny Belgian Town"
"Oasis"

References

External links

Meghan Andrews at MySpace
Meghan Andrews at CD Baby

1979 births
20th-century American actresses
American soap opera actresses
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singer-songwriters
Actresses from New York City
American women singer-songwriters
Living people
American television actresses
American folk singers
American child actresses
21st-century American women guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
Original Sin (James novel)

Original Sin is a 1994 detective novel in the Adam Dalgliesh series by P. D. James. It is set in London, mainly in Wapping in the Borough of Tower Hamlets, and centers on the city's oldest publishing house, Peverell Press, headquartered in a mock-Venetian palace on the River Thames.

Plot summary
The murder of Peverell Press's managing director, ambitious Gerard Etienne, seems to be the horrible end of a series of malicious pranks in the company headquarters. When Adam Dalgliesh is called to the scene to solve the murder, he soon finds out that the killer does not intend to stop with Etienne.

Reception
In a 1995 book review for The New York Times, Michael Malone wrote "Lady James, a novelist of broad gifts and great skill, here is writing in full mastery of her craft and in full indulgence of her predilections. The staples to which we have become accustomed are all present in force, including the textually rich details of architecture and furnishings that at times work in support of the story, and at other times seem to emerge from the author's compulsion to describe all that her eye has seen, whether that is an Anglo-Celtic church on Blackwater estuary or the cool bare lines of a modern flat in the Barbican. As ever, Lady James, the grande dame of fictional forensic pathology, vividly renders the ugly reality of violent death: the smell of a corpse, the look of an autopsy in a sterile post-mortem room, the random residue of lives abruptly stopped." Conversely, Iain Sinclair reviewed the book for the London Review of Books and wrote "This is an empty set, a set defined by its architecture... An increasingly silly catalogue of deaths and suicides announces the final surrender of the Golden Age Murder Mystery: Agatha Christie force-fed on Pevsner and the humbug of Kenneth Baker’s latest flag-waving anthology. A subgenre that has always been profoundly conservative (hence its popularity, up there with P.G. Wodehouse, in America) is reduced to editorialised sound-bites from a phantom Smith Square manifesto...  Autopilot opinions suggesting that the author has donated far too much of her time to media book-gabble and the smokefree backrooms of power."

Adaptations
A television version of the novel was produced for Britain's ITV network in 1997. It starred Roy Marsden as Adam Dalgliesh.

References

External links
 P. D. James discusses Original Sin on the BBC World Book Club

1994 British novels
Novels by P. D. James
Novels set in London
Faber and Faber books
British detective novels
Fafan Zone

Fafan () is a zone in Somali Region of Ethiopia. It was previously known as the Jijiga zone, so named after its largest city, Jijiga. Other towns and cities in this zone include Harshin, Awbare, Derwernache, Kebri Beyah, Goljano Tuli Gulled and Hart Sheik. Fafan is bordered on the south by Jarar, on the southwest by Nogob, on the west by the Oromia Region, on the north by Sitti, and on the east by Somaliland.

Demographics 
Based on the 2014 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this Zone has a total population of 1,190,794 of whom 616,810 are men and 541,4794 women.

Based on the 2007 Census 203,588 or 21.04% are urban inhabitants, a further 72,153 or 11.59% were pastoralists. Two largest ethnic groups reported in Jijiga were the Somalis (95.6%) and Amhara (1.83%); all other ethnic groups made up 2.57% of the population. Somali language is spoken as a first language by 95.51%, Amharic by 2.1%, and Oromo by 1.05%; the remaining 1.34% spoke all other primary languages reported. 96.86% of the population said they were Muslim, and 2.11% said they practiced Orthodox Christian. There are three settlements in the zone for refugees from Somalia, with 40,060 registered individuals.

The 1997 national census reported a total population for this Zone of 813,200 in 138,679 households, of whom 425,581 were men and 387,619 were women; 155,891 or 19.17% of its population were urban dwellers. The three largest ethnic groups reported in Fafan were the Somali (87.51%), the Oromo (7.49%), and the Amhara (2.13%); all other ethnic groups made up the remaining 2.87% of the population. Somali was spoken by 90.23% of the inhabitants, 6.68% Oromiffa, and 2.81% spoke Amharic; the remaining 0.28% spoke all other primary languages reported. Only 61,293 or 7.54% were literate.

According to a May 24, 2004 World Bank memorandum, 7% of the inhabitants of Fafan have access to electricity, this zone has a road density of 30.5 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers, the average rural household has 1.3 hectares of land (compared to the national average of 1.01 hectares of land and an average of 2.25 for pastoral regions) and the equivalent of 1.0 head of livestock. 28.2% of the population is in non-farm related jobs, compared to the national average of 25% and a regional average of 28%. 21% of all eligible children are enrolled in primary school, and 9% in secondary schools. 74% of the zone is exposed to malaria, and none to Tsetse fly. The memorandum gave this zone a drought risk rating of 386. In 2006, the Fafan Zone was affected by deforestation due to charcoal production.

Districts 
Based on the 2017 Census by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia's 
Central Statistical Agency (CSA), out of all the districts, Awbare has the largest population.

Notes 

Somali Region
Zones of Ethiopia
Captain Flag

Captain Flag is a superhero created by MLJ Comics' writer Joe Blair and artist Lin Streeter. He first appeared in September 1941, in issue #16 of Blue Ribbon Comics. He continued until the last issue, Blue Ribbon Comics #22 (March 1942).

Fall 1941 was a boom period for patriotic superheroes as the country prepared to enter World War II; during this period, comic book publishers also launched Miss Victory, Miss America, the Star-Spangled Kid, U.S. Jones, the Fighting Yank, the Flag and Yank and Doodle, among others. Captain Flag was the "only one" of the various patriotic-themes superheroes to be "trained by an actual bald eagle"

Publication history
Captain Flag debuted in Blue Ribbon Comics #16 (Sept 1941), as a possible headliner for MLJ's superhero stable. In his first story, written by Joe Blair and drawn by Lin Streeter, the character faced off against the Black Hand, a super-criminal working for the Nazis. The character's story in the next issue was drawn by Warren King, and introduced the strip's first supporting character, blonde secret service agent Veronica Darnell. The Black Hand reappeared as a recurring menace several times, including Captain Flag's final 1940s story, in Blue Ribbon Comics #21 (Feb 1942).

The character was revived two decades later, when MLJ (renamed Archie Comics) launched a "camp" superhero line inspired by the popular Batman TV show. In The Mighty Crusaders #4 (April 1966), the company brought back all of their patriotic 1940s heroes in a story called "Too Many Superheroes". Of the 18 superheroes who returned in that story, Captain Flag teamed up with Web and the Fox to form the Ultra-Men in Mighty Crusaders #5.

Fictional character biography
His secret identity is Tom Townsend, the wealthy playboy son of an inventor father. A villain called the Black Hand kidnaps him and his father, intending to torture Tom's father in order to obtain the secret of his latest invention – a new bomb sight. Tom's father dies resisting the questioning but before Tom, too, can be killed, a great eagle crashes through the window and carries him off.

Training with the eagle's aerie at the top of the mountain, the healthy environment and hard living makes him an elite physical specimen. When the eagle brings a US flag, Tom takes it on as his namesake, and makes a costume out of the flag. He names his animal savior-turned-sidekick Yank the Eagle, and goes on to thwart the Black Hand, hanging him from a ship's yardarm.

References

External links
Captain Flag at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 9, 2012.
Offenberger, Rik, ed. Captain Flag at MightyCrusaders.net

American superheroes
Archie Comics superheroes
Comics characters introduced in 1941
Golden Age superheroes
Male characters in comics
Male superheroes
United States-themed superheroes
Tom Townsend

Thomas George Townsend (born 19 February 1971) is an English professional bridge player and writer.

Personal life
Townsend was educated at Wellington College and Cambridge University. He lives in Shepherd's Bush, London, with Polish (in 2022 also English) women's international Ewa Kater and their son Max.

Bridge career
Townsend has been a regular British and England international for over two decades. He is a World Bridge Federation World International Master. Townsend, since 30 September 2013, has been the Monday-Friday bridge columnist for The Daily Telegraph. In July 2019 he also became Sunday Telegraph bridge columnist.

International honours
In partnership with Jeffrey Allerton, Townsend was on the British team that won the European and World Junior Championships in 1994 and 1995 respectively. He was a member of the England open team that were runners-up to Italy at the 2008 Bridge Olympiad in Beijing. With David Gold, his partner in Beijing, Townsend was third in the 2005 European Pairs in Tenerife, and played for England in the 2005 Bermuda Bowl in Estoril. Partnering David Bakhshi, he played on the England team finishing 4th in the 2012 European Championships in Dublin and reaching the quarter-finals of the 2013 Bermuda Bowl in Bali. In 2022 they reached the same stage of the Bermuda Bowl in Salsomaggiore. Partnering Ben Handley-Pritchard on the Knottenbelt team, Townsend came 3rd in the 2023 World Transnational Open Teams in Marrakech.

Domestic honours
David Gold was his partner in the winning team at the 2000 Brighton Four Stars Teams, in the 2004 and 2006 English International Trials and the 2008 English Premier League. With David Price he was part of the winning Crockfords team on two occasions and also won the 1999 Camrose trials. Partnering David Mossop, Townsend won the British Premier League twice, and also the Spring Foursomes. Townsend won the 2013 Lederer Memorial Trophy in partnership with Stelio di Bello, and the EBU Premier League again that year (and later again in 2019 and 2022) partnering David Bakhshi. Partnering Bakhshi, Dror Padon and Thor Erik Hoftaniska, Townsend won the 2021 BGB Gold Cup (played online because of Covid). He won the Gold Cup again in 2023 (played in traditional across-the-table fashion).

References

External links
 
 
 Tom Townsend at the English Bridge Union
  

Bridge players from London
Contract bridge writers
Bermuda Bowl players
The Daily Telegraph people
People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Living people
1971 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
English contract bridge players
Cartouche (disambiguation)

A cartouche is a rounded oblong frame for royal names in Egyptian hieroglyphs. 

Cartouche may also refer to:

Cartouche (design), an oval or oblong design, typically edged with ornamental scrollwork
 Cartouche (cartography), a decorative emblem on a globe or map
 Louis Dominique Bourguignon (1693–1721), French highwayman also known as Cartouche
 Cartouche, King of Paris (also known as Cartouche), a 1950 French film about him
 Cartouche (film), a 1962 French film about him
 Cartouche (group), a Eurodance act
 "Cartouche", a 2003 song by Blackmore's Night from Ghost of a Rose
 "Cartouche", a season 5 episode of Endeavour

See also 
 Cartucho, a 1931 novel by Nellie Campobello
 Cartouche box or ammunition box
 Cartridge (disambiguation)
Athyrium

Athyrium (lady-fern) is a genus of about 180 species of terrestrial ferns, with a cosmopolitan distribution.  It is placed in the family Athyriaceae, in the order Polypodiales.
Its genus name is from Greek a- ('without') and Latinized Greek thyreos ('shield'), describing its inconspicuous indusium (sorus' covering).
The common name "lady fern" refers in particular to the common lady fern, Athyrium filix-femina.

Athyrium species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the small angle shades and Sthenopis auratus.

Species
There are about 180, including:

References

External links

Flora of China
Flora Europaea
Flora of North America

 
Fern genera
Bindae-tteok

Bindae-tteok (), or mung bean pancake, is a type of buchimgae (Korean pancake) that originated in the Pyongan Province. It is made by grinding soaked mung beans, adding vegetables and meat and pan-frying it into a round, flat shape.

Etymology and history 
Bindae-tteok first appears under the name binja () in the Guidebook of Homemade Food and Drinks, a 1670 cookbook written by Jang Gye-hyang. The word appears to be derived from bingjya (), the Middle Korean transcription of the hanja word , whose first character is pronounced bǐng and means "round and flat pancake-like food". The pronunciation and the meaning of the second letter are unknown. Tteok () means a steamed, boiled, or pan-fried cake; usually a rice cake but in this case a pancake.

During the Joseon era (1392–1897), richer households would dispense bindae-tteok to poorer people gathered outside the South Great Gate of Seoul during times of hardship.

Bindaetteok was often eaten in the northwestern part of Hwanghae-do and Pyeongan-do.

Preparation 
Bindae-tteok is made with mung bean batter with a filling made of bracken, pork, mung bean sprouts, and baechu-kimchi (napa cabbage kimchi).

To make the filling for bindae-tteok, soaked bracken is cut into short pieces, mixed with ground pork, and seasoned with soy sauce, chopped scallions, minced garlic, ground black pepper, and sesame oil. Mung bean sprouts are washed, blanched, cut into short pieces and seasoned with salt and sesame oil. Kimchi is unstuffed and squeezed to remove its fillings and excess juice, then cut into small pieces. The ingredients are then mixed.

Washed, soaked, and husked mung beans are ground with water and seasoned with salt to make the batter.

The mung bean batter is ladled on a hot frying pan greased with a considerable amount of cooking oil, topped with the filling, and followed by another layer of the batter poured over the top of the filling. Finally, the bindae-tteok is topped with pieces of diagonally sliced green and red chili pepper. The pancakes are pan-fried on both sides, and served with a dipping sauce consisting of soy sauce, vinegar, water, and ground pine nuts.

Gallery

See also 

 Pesarattu

References 

Fried foods
Korean pancakes
Legume dishes
Iveagh House

Iveagh House is a Georgian house which now contains the headquarters of the Department of Foreign Affairs in Dublin, Ireland. It is also sometimes used colloquially as a metonym referring to the department itself.

Iveagh House was originally two houses, nos 80 and 81 St Stephen's Green. No 80 was designed by Richard Cassels in 1736 for Bishop Clayton. It was later the home of barrister and Master of the Rolls John Philpot Curran.

After both houses were bought by Benjamin Guinness in 1862 he served as his own architect, combined the two houses and produced the building as it now stands. On the Portland stone facade pediment he placed his parents' arms: on the left the Milesian lion, with the Red Hand of Ulster above, for the Magennis clan of County Down; and on the right the arms of the Lee family, Dublin builders from about 1700. The building has nine bays, with the central three broken forward and pedimented. The interior of the building is hugely elaborate and decorative, with a staircase and ballroom lined with alabaster. The staircase also has ornate ironwork, marble columns and circular roof lights.

The building was donated to the Irish state by Benjamin Guinness's grandson, Rupert, Lord Iveagh, in 1939, and was renamed Iveagh House. The original Iveagh House is still a part of the Iveagh Trust nearby.

The Iveagh Gardens at the back of the house were given to University College Dublin (UCD), by The 1st Lord Iveagh in 1908, in connection with the formation of its campus on Earlsfort Terrace. The gardens have since been transferred to the OPW and are now used as a public park. The conservation and restoration of the Gardens commenced in 1995 and to date most of the original features have been restored, for example the Maze in Box hedging with a Sundial as a centre piece.  The restored Cascade and exotic tree ferns all help to create a sense of wonder in the 'Secret Garden'.

External links

Department of Foreign Affairs
Virtual Tour of Iveagh House

References

Richard Cassels buildings
Buildings and structures in Dublin (city)
1939 establishments in Ireland
St Stephen's Green
Peter Lawrie

Peter Lawrie (born 22 March 1974) is an Irish professional golfer.

Early life
Lawrie was born in Dublin and educated at Terenure College and University College Dublin, where he took up a golf scholarship. He won the 1996 Irish Amateur Close Championship and turned professional in 1997.

Professional career
It took him several years to get a card on the European Tour. He finished fourth on the Challenge Tour Rankings in 2002, including a victory in the Challenge Tour Grand Final. This earned him a European Tour card for the first time. Lawrie credited much of this success to the help of swing coach, Brendan McDaid.

Lawrie had a solid debut season on the European Tour 2003 season and also became the first Irishman to be named the Sir Henry Cotton Rookie of the Year. He also lost in a playoff at the 2003 Canarias Open de España, when Kenneth Ferrie birdied the second extra hole to defeat Lawrie and Peter Hedblom.

He had consistently finished in the top 100 of the Order of Merit since then, with a best position of 36th in 2010.

Lawrie achieved a breakthrough victory in 2008 when he won his first title on the European Tour at the Open de España, where he defeated Ignacio Garrido in a playoff.

In September 2016, he announced his retirement from the European Tour at the end of the season to take up a position as a golf professional in Luttrellstown Castle Golf Club.

Professional wins (2)

European Tour wins (1)

European Tour playoff record (1–3)

Challenge Tour wins (1)

Results in major championships

Note: Lawrie never played in the Masters Tournament or the PGA Championship.

CUT = missed the half-way cut

Team appearances
Amateur
European Youths' Team Championship (representing Ireland): 1994 (winners)
European Amateur Team Championship (representing Ireland): 1997
Palmer Cup (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 1997

References

External links

Irish male golfers
European Tour golfers
Alumni of University College Dublin
Sportspeople from Dublin (city)
1974 births
Living people
Latrodectus pallidus

Latrodectus pallidus is a species of spider commonly found throughout North Africa, the Middle East, and central Asia. A common name in English is the white widow spider, and it is known in Russian as белый каракурт, or white steppe spider. It is a member of the genus Latrodectus, which includes species known as widow spiders, which is placed in the family Theridiidae. It occurs both in the steppes of southern Russia, Kazakhstan, and other southwest Asian countries, as well as in the desert regions of the Middle East. Compared to other widow spiders in the region, the white widow spider is comparatively rare.

Description 
Unlike most species of widow spider, which are dark in colouration; the white widow spider is, as its name implies, light-coloured, with colouration ranging from beige to white, though with darker legs. The spider lacks the bright red markings found on other widow spiders such as the black widow, the redback spider, or L. tredecimguttatus. Other than colouration, the white widow is similar in appearance to other spiders of the genus.

When it comes to mating, widow spiders are a good example of high investment of males in a single mating. Males generally cohabit with a female for a long period of time, provide energy demanding courtship displays, and at times are cannibalized by the female after mating. Males are generally smaller than females because after they reach maturity, they do not feed and spend most of their lives searching for females.

Medical significance 
Like all Latrodectus species, L. pallidus has a bite which is venomous and can injure humans. While not nearly as toxic as the bite of L. mactans or L. hasselti, the white widow's bite is medically significant and can kill children and the infirm. Toxicology studies have reported that the venom of the white widow is similar in structure to that of L. tredecimguttatus. However, a poster published by the Egyptian Society of Natural Toxins describes L. pallidus venom as "moderately venomous", whereas L. tredecimguttatus is described as the most venomous spider in southern Europe.

References 

pallidus
Invertebrates of the Middle East
Spiders of Africa
Spiders of Asia
Spiders described in 1872
We Real Cool

"We Real Cool" is a poem written in 1959 by poet Gwendolyn Brooks and published in her 1960 book The Bean Eaters, her third collection of poetry. The poem has been featured on broadsides, re-printed in literature textbooks and is widely studied in literature classes. It is cited as "one of the most celebrated examples of jazz poetry".

It consists of four verses of two rhyming lines each. The final word in most lines is "we". The next line describes something that "we" do, such as play pool or drop out of school.  Brooks has said that the "we"s are meant to be said softly, as though the protagonists in the poem are questioning the validity of their existence. The last lines of the poem, "We / Die soon," indicate the climax, which comes as a surprise to the boasts that have been made previously. It also suggests a moment of self-awareness about the choices that the players have made. The poem also contains references to the seven deadly sins.

Origin 

In an interview Brooks stated that her inspiration for the poem came from her walking in her community and passing a pool hall full of boys. When considering this she thought to herself “I wonder how they feel about themselves?” Instead of wondering about why they were not in school, Brooks captured this scene and turned it into the seven pool players at the Golden Shovel.

Themes and meaning 
The poem covers a multitude of themes despite its short length, some including rebellion and youth. The unique structure offers a subtitle at the beginning of the poem where Brooks writes "The Pool Players / Seven at the Golden Shovel". This gives the poem its characters and setting.

Brooks also said that the seven pool players in the poem are fighting the establishment with their rebellious actions. She states that the establishment is represented by the month of June. In the same interview, Brooks explains how the poem has even been banned in some areas due to the use of the word "jazz" due to a perceived sexual nature — which, Brooks said, was not her intention, as she simply intended for it to represent music.

In popular culture 

The poem inspired Terrance Hayes' creation of the poetic form "golden shovel".

The poem was printed in the booklet of Chicago metalcore band The Killing Tree's 2003 We Sing Sin, whose title is a reference to the poem.

It is referenced in the song "We Real Cool" by the band Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds on their 2013 album Push the Sky Away.

The band The Jazz June takes their name from this poem.

The poem is featured in Dominique Morisseau's 2017 play Pipeline.

The poem is referenced in Bruce Springsteen's song "Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)."

The poem is heavily referenced in Lucky Boys Confusion's song "Gwendolyn B. Sings Sin from the Album "Growing Out Of It""

The poem is referenced as the title of bell hooks's book We Real Cool: Black Men and Masculinity

References

External links 
 Gwendolyn Brooks Captures Chicago 'Cool' Brooks recites "We Real Cool" in interview with Henry Lyman on NPR. Retrieved 2017-02-11

1959 poems
American poems
Works by Gwendolyn Brooks
African-American poetry
Bosintang

(, South Korean name) or  (, North Korean name) is a Korean soup () that uses dog meat as its primary ingredient. The meat is boiled with vegetables such as green onions, perilla leaves, and dandelions, and flavorants such as doenjang, gochujang, and perilla seed powder. It is seasoned with agastache rugosa before eating. The soup has been claimed to provide increased virility. 

The dish, as with all dog meat consumption in South Korea, has become highly controversial in recent decades. There are now a number of significant legal restrictions around the butchering of dogs. According to a 2020 survey of South Koreans, 83.8% have never eaten dog meat before.

Names 

There are a number of names for the dish.

History 

Most scholars agree that people on the Korean peninsula have consumed dog meat for thousands of years. The history of  is more recent. A 1849 book Dongguksesigi contains a recipe for  that includes boiled dog and green onion.

Boshintang is considered to be a similar dish to yukgaejang, which uses beef as its primary ingredient.

Recent status 

In June 2018, a South Korean municipal court ruled that killing dogs for their meat was illegal, though this law did not make it illegal to consume dog meat.

According to a 2020 survey conducted by the Humane Society International of 1,000 South Koreans, 83.8% never consumed dog meat and had no plans to ever do so. 58.6% supportted the outright ban of its consumption, with 57% of people responding that it had a negative impact on international perceptions of South Korea.

Controversy

See also 

 Asocena
 Korean cuisine
 List of soups
 List of meat dishes
 Nureongi

Notes

References

Korean soups and stews
Meat dishes
Dog meat
North Korean cuisine
CJBR-FM

CJBR-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Rimouski, Quebec. Owned and operated by the (government-owned) Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (), it broadcasts on 89.1 MHz using a directional antenna with an average effective radiated power of 19,400 watts and a peak effective radiated power of 38,800 watts (class C1). The station has an ad-free news/talk format and is part of the Ici Radio-Canada Première network, which operates across Canada. Like all other Première stations, but unlike most FM stations, CJBR-FM broadcasts in mono.

History
Previously known as CJBR when the station was on the AM band on 900 kHz, the station moved to FM in 2001. It is one of the few CBC/SRC stations to not have a call sign beginning with CB, as it was originally a privately owned station; CJBR was an affiliate of Radio-Canada from the station's opening in 1937 until it was bought by Radio-Canada in 1977. The call sign "CJBR" stands for Canada Jules Brillant Rimouski (Jules Brillant being the founder of the station). When it bought the station in 1977 from Telemedia (who acquired Brillant's broadcasting properties in 1970), Radio-Canada initially wanted to change the call sign to CBSL, but this plan was discarded after a petition was circulated against this change. A new private radio station, CFLP (now CJOI-FM) was opened in Rimouski the following year.

The station originally broadcast on 1030 kHz with 1,000 watts. On March 29, 1941, the station moved to 900 kHz. Power was increased to 5,000 watts full-time in 1947, and to 10,000 watts full-time in 1956. The AM transmitter was shut down on September 6, 2001 at 9 AM. Its FM sister station, originally called CJBR-FM, had to change its own call sign to CBRX-FM.

The station's current local programs are Info-réveil, in the mornings from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m., and Le monde aujourd'hui in the afternoons, 3:30 p.m. to 6 p.m. CJBR-FM also co-produces D'Est en est, a pan-regional program produced in turn with CBGA-FM Matane and CBSI-FM Sept-Îles and heard afternoons during the summer months. On public holidays, its local programs are replaced with local shows airing provincewide produced by different outlets in turn (except Montreal and Quebec City). Its Saturday morning program, Samedi et rien d'autre, originates from CBF-FM Montreal.

Repeater
CJBR-FM operates only one relay station, namely CJBR-FM-1 in Rivière-du-Loup. That station opened in 1992 and operates on 89.5 MHz with an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts (class C) using an omnidirectional antenna. Listeners west of the area are served by Quebec City station CBV-FM and its relays, and listeners east of the area are served by CBGA-FM and its relays.

Notable hosts
 Pierre Nadeau OC CQ, announcer from 1956 to 1957

References

External links
  Ici Radio-Canada Première
 Histoire de CJBR-FM
 
 

Jbr
Jbr
Jbr
Radio stations established in 1937
1937 establishments in Quebec
Epilepsy Currents

Epilepsy Currents is a bimonthly peer-reviewed open-access medical journal that was established in 2001 by the American Epilepsy Society. It publishes commentary articles, written by a board of contributing editors, and brief topical reviews. While commentary articles are solicited from members of the board of contributing editors, the editors entertain suggestions regarding topics for review articles. Content is available on the society's web site and on PubMed Central. The journal began to be self-published by the society in collaboration with Allen Press in 2011; prior to that time the journal was published on behalf of the society by Wiley-Blackwell.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Academic Search, CSA Biological Sciences Database, Neurosciences Abstracts, PubMed Central, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Current Contents/Clinical Medicine. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 9.333.

Editors 
The founding editors-in-chief were Susan Spencer (Yale University), Robert L. Macdonald (Vanderbilt University), Michael A. Rogawski (National Institutes of Health), and Gregory K. Bergey (Johns Hopkins University). In December 2008, Gregory K. Bergey and Michael A. Rogawski (then at UC Davis School of Medicine) were appointed editors-in-chief. The current editors-in-chief are Jack M. Parent (University of Michigan) and Andres M. Kanner (University of Miami), and associate editors are David C. Spencer ([Oregon Health Sciences University]) and Michael Wong ([Washington University]).

References

External links 
 

Academic journals established in 2001
Epilepsy journals
English-language journals
Bimonthly journals
Academic journals published by learned and professional societies
Michael Finnell

Michael Finnell is a film producer active from the 1970s to the present. He has produced several horror-comedy films, particularly with the director Joe Dante. Finnell worked for the American producer Roger Corman before emerging as a producer in his own right.

His first films were Avalanche (1978) and Rock 'n' Roll High School (1979), with Corman. One of the first without Corman was the movie Airplane!, in which he was listed in the end credits as "generally in charge of a lot of things". Working with Dante, Finnell then produced the modest hit The Howling in 1981 and the blockbuster Gremlins in 1984. Dante and the special effects designer Chris Walas have said that Finnell's producing style was influenced by Corman, in that Finnell was very concerned about budgeting and wanted to make sure even cheap purchases contributed to the final film. The anecdote Walas told was of Finnell engaging in long phone calls over the purchase of a kitchen knife to be used in Gremlins.

Finnell continued to produce several of Dante's films, including Explorers (1985), The 'Burbs (1989), Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990), Matinee (1993) and Small Soldiers (1998).  Without Dante, Finnell's films include Milk Money (1994) and Teaching Mrs. Tingle (1999). For one of his films produced without Dante, Newsies, Finnell was nominated for a Razzie Award for Worst Picture.

Filmography
He was a producer in all films unless otherwise noted.

Film

Miscellaneous crew

As an actor

Production manager

Thanks

Television

Miscellaneous crew

References

External links 
 

Living people
American film producers
Year of birth missing (living people)