alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Lifest

Lifest is an annual Christian music festival that takes place in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, at the Sunnyview Expo Center. Lifest has the slogan "A Party with a Purpose." It is one of the largest Christian music festivals in America.

History
Lifest started as a walk/run in 1990. Lifest became a music festival in 1999 and was attendance by 7000. It became five days long for the first time in 2006. Starting in 2013, it was shortened to four days. It is held on or around the second weekend of July. In 2013, Lifest had an average of 20,000 attendees per day. The event had 23,000 attendees in 2017. As of 2018, Lifest featured around 150 artists on seven stages. The festival is a member of the Christian Festival Association.

The Winnebago County fairgrounds board approved allowing Lifest to build a $750,000 permanent main stage. The stage was built on the former site of the fairground's grandstand and stock car racing track. It was unveiled for the 2018 event.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused officials to scrap Lifest in 2020. It returned in 2021.

Performers and speakers

Musically, Lifest has featured a wide range of groups such as Toby Mac, Casting Crowns, Skillet, Newsboys, Steven Curtis Chapman, For King & Country, Matthew West, Family Force 5, Kutless, Downhere, Tenth Avenue North, Fireflight, FM Static, Sanctus Real, Building 429, Thousand Foot Krutch, 4th Point, Superchick, Matt Redman, The Letter Black, Needtobreathe, Matt Maher and Jimmy Needham. Superchick had their first concert at Lifest; they held at 2016 reunion concert at the venue.

Lifest also has speakers and seminars as an integral part of the festival. Speakers have included founder Bob Lenz, Luis Palau, John Ortberg, Tony Campolo, Scott Spencer, Ken Davis, and many more.

Lifest has approximately 3000 primitive and electric campsites available. Activities include dodgeball, 5K Fun Run, volleyball, inflatable games, prayer journey and KidZone. Lifest is run by Life Promotions and requires over 1000 volunteers.

References

External links 

Lifest.com - Official site

Christian music festivals
Music festivals in Wisconsin
Music festivals established in 1999
Stronghold (Washington, D.C.)

Stronghold is the name of a neighborhood in Ward 5 of Northeast Washington D.C. Stronghold is contained between Michigan Avenue N.E. to the north, North Capitol Street N.W. to the west, and Glenwood Cemetery to both the south and east. Stronghold borders the adjacent neighborhoods of Edgewood, University Heights, and Brookland in Ward 5 of Northeast Washington D.C. 

Stronghold is sandwiched between the campuses of two colleges: Trinity University, which lies west of 4th Street NE; and The Catholic University of America, which lies on the opposite side of Michigan Avenue N.E. .

In terms of public transportation, residents of Stronghold live within very close proximity to the Brookland-CUA Metro Station, which is served by the Washington Metropolitan Area Red Line.

References

Catholic University of America
Neighborhoods in Northeast (Washington, D.C.)
Li Ji

Li Ji may refer to:

People
Li Ji (concubine) (died 651 BC), concubine of Duke Xian of Jin
 Other Consorts surnamed Li or titled Li Ji in Consort Li (disambiguation)
Li Ji (Han dynasty) (fl. 180 BC), a Chinese general of the Han dynasty; see 
Li Shiji (594–669), also named Li Ji, Chinese general of Tang dynasty
Li Ji (archeologist) (1896–1979), Chinese archeologist
Li Ji (runner) (born 1979), Chinese athlete
Li Ji (swimmer) (born 1986), Chinese swimmer

Other uses
Book of Rites, or Li Ji
Li Ji slays the Giant Serpent (Chinese legend)

See also
Ji Li (disambiguation)
Li Chi (disambiguation), the Wade–Giles romanization of Li Ji
Li Jie (disambiguation)
Vladimir Gilyarovsky

Vladimir Alekseyevich Gilyarovsky (; 26 November 1853 – 1 October 1935), was a Russian writer and newspaper journalist, best known for his reminiscences of life in pre-Revolutionary Moscow (Moscow and Muscovites), which he first published in a book form in 1926.

Biography
He was born on 26 November 1855 (according to church records, 1853 according to his own writings) on a manor near Vologda where his father, a Novgorodian, worked as an assistant to the manor's bailiff, a Zaporozhian Cossack whose daughter he later married. Gilyarovsky treasured his partly Cossack descent: as a young man, he allegedly posed for one of the Cossacks depicted on Ilya Repin's huge canvas Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks; he was also a model for Taras Bulba, whose figure is part of the Gogol Monument in Moscow. Repin was a lifelong friend, with whom Gilyarovsky often corresponded in Ukrainian.

Raised by his well-educated mother (who died when he was 8) and his aristocratic stepmother, he left home early and, after a series of odd jobs (which included stints at a toxic lead paint factory in Yaroslavl, as a tutor and as a barge hauler), he enlisted as a volunteer during the 1877–78 Russo-Turkish war. After a short career as a provincial actor, he established himself as a journalist, winning praise and notoriety as one of the best crime reporters in Moscow. His first book, The Stories of the Slums (1887) recorded his experiences with the Moscow underworld, the Moscow of poverty and crime, finding its epitome in the area of Khitrovka.

After the revolution he dedicated himself to writing memoirs. Among those were My Travels (1928) and Newspaper Moscow (published posthumously), which recorded his reminiscences of the newspaper business of pre-revolutionary Moscow and of some famous people he'd worked with (such as Anton Chekhov), and Theatre People (also published posthumously). He died in Moscow on 1 October 1935.

See also
Fragments Magazine

References

External links

 Works
 Grave 
 Moscow and Muscovites – the first English translation of Gilyarovsky's masterwork. 

1855 births
1935 deaths
People from Vologodsky Uyezd
Military personnel of the Russian Empire
Journalists from the Russian Empire
Writers from the Russian Empire
Soviet writers

Recipients of the Cross of St. George
Outoberfest

OUToberfest was a gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transsexual (LGBT) festival held annually during October in Jackson, Mississippi.

History 
It was established in 2005 for several reasons including:

A failure of Mississippi Pride organizers in 2004
An anti-gay constitutional amendment defining marriage in Mississippi
A need for positive and non-political LGBT awareness in Mississippi
A need for a stronger, more organized LGBT community in Mississippi

OUToberfest was initially conceptualized by Knol Aust, Duane Smith and Jenni Smith. Unity Mississippi was the official organizer of the event.

In 2012 it was announced that the festival would be renamed Mississippi Pride. However, it seems that the 2012 festival never came together.

Entertainment
OUToberfest 2007 Headlining Entertainers: Ultra Naté, Eric Himan, Bitch & The Exciting Conclusion, Sister Funk, Karen Ripley, DJ Knol, Kynt, and the MissiHippy Dancers.

OUToberfest 2006 Headlining Entertainers: God-des & She, Eric Himan, Garrison Starr, Katastrophe, The Anna Byars Band, Dr. Madelyn Hatter, and the MissiHippy Dancers. The main event was hosted by Mindy Dawn Friedman.

OUToberfest 2005 Headlining Entertainers: Bitch, Eric Himan, Jade Esteban Estrada, Pandora Scooter, The Anna Byars Band, Emily White, Richard Cortez, Dr. Madelyn Hatter, and the MissiHIPPY Dancers. The main event was hosted by Sklya Dawn Luckey.

Others
2007: Malcolm Rollick (acoustic folk), Emma Wynters (soul, jazz, folk), Midtown Dickens (indie folk duo), Will Myrick (folk), Jeff Lewis (indie pop), Kristy Ferguson (comedian), Jazmen Flowers (drag performer and Stevie Nicks tribute artist), Julie Mann (acoustic folk), SewL (spoken word)

References

External links
 Official OUToberfest website
 Official Unity Mississippi website

LGBT music festivals
Festivals in Mississippi
LGBT organizations in the United States
Festivals established in 2005
Organizations based in Mississippi
LGBT events in Mississippi
Tourist attractions in Jackson, Mississippi
Michael Gibson (musician)

Michael Gibson (September 29, 1944 – July 15, 2005) was a musician, trombonist and orchestrator, nominated twice for the American Theatre Wing's Tony Award for Best Orchestrations.  He won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Orchestrations for My One and Only in 1983.

Work 
Gibson began his career as a studio musician in New York City, often working with James Brown. In 1972 he changed direction, to become an orchestrator. Best known for his work on the original motion picture version of Grease (1978) and the Broadway musicals Steel Pier (1997) and Cabaret (revival, 1998),  Gibson frequently worked with the famous composer-lyricist partnership of John Kander and Fred Ebb; his long-standing relationship with Kander began with Woman of the Year (1981). He received four additional Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Orchestrations nominations: for Anything Goes (1988), Steel Pier (1997), Cabaret (1998), and the 'dexterously orchestrated' The Wild Party (2000).

Gibson also worked on motion pictures, including Merchant Ivory's Roseland (1976), for which he composed, arranged and orchestrated, and Robert Benton's thriller Still of the Night (1982), orchestrating Kander's score. He orchestrated solo shows for dancers and performers, including Liza Minnelli, and, with Jonathan Tunick, the 1993 musical revue, A Grand Night for Singing. Film Reference has a more complete list.

Gibson was known for a big, jazzy musical sound with plenty of brass, which dancers love. His last venture was All Shook Up (2005), which he co-orchestrated with Stephen Oremus.

Gibson's wife donated his archive to the New York Public Library in 2006.

Personal life 
Gibson was born and raised in Wilmington, Delaware and attended Harvard University for two years before transferring to the Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts to study music composition and theory. He was also a licensed pilot, and he and Larry Blank flew together.

Gibson died in Dover, New Jersey in July 2005 after a lengthy battle with cancer. He was survived by his wife of 21 years, Ellen, and son Andrew.

References

External links

Michael Gibson scores, 1977-2005 Music Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.
Film Reference

1944 births
2005 deaths
Berklee College of Music alumni
Deaths from lung cancer
Harvard University alumni
Musicians from Wilmington, Delaware
Danaus melanippus

Danaus melanippus, the black veined tiger, white tiger, common tiger, or eastern common tiger, is a butterfly species found in tropical Asia which belongs to the "crows and tigers", that is, the danaine group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

It ranges from Assam in eastern India through South-East Asia south to Indonesia, and eastwards to the Philippines and through southern China to Taiwan. It has around 17 subspecies, and its closest relative is the Malay tiger, Danaus affinis.

Gallery

Subspecies
Listed alphabetically:
D. m. celebensis (Staudinger, 1889) – northern Sulawesi
D. m. edmondii (Bougainville, 1837) – Philippines
D. m. edwardi (van Eecke, 1914) – Simeulue
D. m. eurydice (Butler, 1884) – Nias
D. m. haruhasa Doherty, 1891 – Sumbawa - Alor
D. m. hegesippus (Cramer, [1777]) – Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi, Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung
D. m. indicus (Fruhstorfer, 1899) – eastern India - Thailand, Indo-China
D. m. keteus (Hagen, 1898) – Mentawai
D. m. kotoshonis Matsumura, 1929 – Taiwan
D. m. lotina (Fruhstorfer, 1904) – Natuna Island
D. m. lotis (Cramer, [1779])
D. m. melanippus (Cramer, [1777]) – Java
D. m. meridionigra Martin, [1914] – central Sulawesi
D. m. nesippus (Felder, 1862) – Nicobars
D. m. pietersi (Doherty, 1891) – Enggano
D. m. umbrosus Fruhstorfer, 1906 – Pualu Tello

See also
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Nymphalidae)

References

External links

Danaus (butterfly)
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies of Singapore
Butterflies of Indochina
Butterflies described in 1777
Taxa named by Pieter Cramer
Mikael Jorgensen

Mikael Jorgensen (born June 4, 1972) is an American musician known as the pianist and keyboardist for the band Wilco as well as a member of the bands Pronto and Quindar.

Career
Prior to his days in Chicago and with Wilco, Mikael honed his musical skills in New Brunswick, New Jersey, developing his production skills, collaborating with local musicians and DJing.

In 1999, he released the album "Western Hamlet" with the group Movere Workshop.

Jorgensen, an ex-Chicago-based engineer and now full-time musician initially came aboard Wilco in 2002 to perform real-time sound manipulations on the Yankee Hotel Foxtrot tour, sitting just off stage left. As the tour rolled on, Jorgensen gradually moved onto the stage itself, manning his laptop as well as taking on more and more keyboard duties.

"It became apparent that Mike was a very proficient piano player that could do a lot more than we were using him for," says Wilco singer/songwriter Jeff Tweedy. "At that point, he started becoming a full-fledged member of the band, contributing parts to the new songs and even handling more of the nuts-and-bolts architecture of the older songs."

He first appeared on Wilco's 2004 release, A Ghost Is Born.  On that album, he received songwriting credit for "Hell is Chrome" and "Theologians".

Personal life
Jorgensen's father was born in Denmark but moved to the United States in the 1950s, and his mother was born in Hedmark, Norway. He has earned a degree at DeVry University in North Brunswick, New Jersey. He lives in Ojai, California.

References

External links 
 Official page

1972 births
Living people
American keyboardists
Musicians from Chicago
Wilco members
Operation Dove (Ireland)

Operation Dove ("Unternehmen Taube" in German) also sometimes known as Operation Pigeon, was an Abwehr sanctioned mission devised in early 1940. The plan envisioned the transport of IRA Chief of Staff Seán Russell to Ireland, and on the arrival of Frank Ryan in Berlin three days before the launch of the operation, it was also decided to transport him during the operation.

Russell's arrival and activities in Germany
Seán Russell had arrived in Berlin on 5 May 1940, four days after arriving in Genoa from the United States. Russell was informed of Operation Mainau, the plan to parachute Dr. Hermann Görtz into Ireland. Russell was asked to brief Görtz on Ireland before his departure that night, but missed his takeoff from the Fritzlar airfield near Kassel.

By 20 May, Russell had begun training with Abwehr in the use of the latest German explosive ordnance. This training was conducted at the Abwehr training school/lab in Berlin-Tegel, which specialised in the design of explosives as everyday objects. Russell also visited the training area for the Brandenburg Regiment, the 'Quenzgut,' where he observed trainees and instructors working with sabotage materials in a field environment. As he had received explosives training, his return to Ireland with a definite sabotage objective was planned by German Intelligence. His total training time with German Intelligence lasted over three months.

Immediate context

While Görtz had landed successfully, the capture of the German agents from Operation Lobster I did not prevent Abwehr chief Wilhelm Canaris from allowing the transport of Russell to continue.  Both Russell and Frank Ryan departed aboard  from Wilhelmshaven on 8 August — the mission was dubbed Operation Dove.

Russell became ill during the journey and complained of stomach pains. U-65 was not staffed with a doctor and he died on 14 August  short of Galway. He was buried at sea and the mission aborted.

Footnotes

Further information and sources
Mark M. Hull, Irish Secrets. German Espionage in Wartime Ireland 1939-1945, Dublin:Irish Academic Press, 2003,

Notable Abwehr operations involving Ireland
Operation Lobster
Operation Lobster I
Operation Seagull
Operation Seagull I
Operation Seagull II
Operation Whale
Operation Osprey
Operation Sea Eagle
Plan Kathleen
Operation Green (Ireland)
Operation Mainau
Operation Innkeeper

See also
The Emergency
IRA Abwehr World War II - Main article on IRA Nazi links

Dove
Dove (Ireland), Operation
Dove (Ireland), Operation
Dove
Western European theatre of World War II
Zoran Žigić

Zoran Žigić (Зоран Жигић) (born September 20, 1958) is a Bosnian Serb who was charged with violation of the customs of war and crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) for his actions in the Prijedor region including crimes at the Omarska, Trnopolje and Keraterm camps during the Bosnian War.

Žigić surrendered to the court in 1998 where he faced multiple counts of crimes against humanity and violations of the customs of war, to all of which he pleaded not guilty. His trial was held together with the trials of Miroslav Kvočka, Mladen Radić, Dragoljub Prcac, Milojica Kos, and Mladjo Radić. He was sentenced to twenty-five years' imprisonment. In June 2006 he was transferred to an Austrian jail to serve the rest of his sentence. He was granted early release on 16 December 2014.

References

External links
 ICTY Amended Indictment
 ICTY Judgment

1958 births
Living people
People convicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina convicted of war crimes
Bosnia and Herzegovina people imprisoned abroad
Prisoners and detainees of Austria
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina convicted of crimes against humanity
Danaus affinis

Danaus affinis, the Malay tiger, mangrove tiger or swamp tiger, is a butterfly found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the "crows and tigers", the danaine group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

This is a highly variable species. In its range, which stretches from Thailand to the Philippines and southwards through Indonesia to Melanesia and northeastern Australia, it has at least around 30, possibly many more subspecies. Its closest relative is the white tiger, Danaus melanippus.

See also
Danainae
Nymphalidae
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Nymphalidae)

References

Danaus (butterfly)
Butterflies of Australia
Butterflies of Indonesia
Butterflies described in 1775
Butterflies of Asia
Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius
Arirang geuhu iyagi

Arirang geuhu iyagi (아리랑 그 후 이야기 literally A Story of the Day after Arirang aka 아리알 후편, Arirang hu pyeon, aka Arirang 2) is a 1930 Korean film written by and starring Na Woon-gyu. It premiered at Dan Sung Sa Theater in downtown Seoul.

Plot
In this sequel to Arirang (1926), Choi Yeong-jin, the mentally ill lead character of the first film, returns home from prison to find his father and sister deep in debt. The film ends with Young-jin again being sent to prison for murder.

See also
 Korea under Japanese rule
 List of Korean-language films
 Cinema of Korea

References

External links 
 Images from Arirang geuhu iyagi at The Korean Film Archive (KOFA)
 

1930 films
Pre-1948 Korean films
Korean silent films
Korean black-and-white films
North Seymour Island

North Seymour Island () is a small island near Baltra Island in the Galápagos Islands in Ecuador. It was formed by uplift of a submarine lava formation and is now covered with low, bushy vegetation. It has an area of  and a maximum elevation of . There is no permanent population but a visitor trail has been established approximately  in length for guided tours crossing the interior of the island and exploring the rocky coast.

Name
Seymour Island was charted  by British captain James Colnett in honor of the capable officer Hugh Seymour, later promoted to vice admiral for his service during the Napoleonic Wars. Its present name North Seymour distinguishes it from nearby Baltra Island, previously known as South Seymour. Together with Baltra, North Seymour is still sometimes reckoned as part of the Seymours or the Seymour Group.

Geography
North Seymour is an islet near Baltra in Ecuador's Galápagos Islands. It was formed by seismic uplift of a submarine lava formation rather than directly created by volcanism. The island has a flat profile with cliffs only a few meters from the shoreline.

Flora
All of North Seymour is covered with low, bushy vegetation. A tiny forest of silver-grey Palo Santo trees stand just above the landing, usually without leaves.

Wildlife
North Seymour is home to a large population of blue-footed boobies and swallow-tailed gulls. Flocks of pelicans and swallow-tailed gulls feed off shore, and seasonally, Nazca boobies can also be seen. 

There is a slowly growing population of Galápagos land iguanas (). The stock for the captive breeding program of the Galápagos land iguana is descended from iguanas which Captain G. Allan Hancock moved from nearby Baltra Island in the 1930s. This helped preserve the species when Baltra became the site of an American airbase during World War II. The population swelled to over 5,000 by the 21st century, beginning to reach the limits of the island's food availability. The Directorate of the Galápagos National Park and Island Conservation took 1,436 of the iguanas from the North Seymour population to Santiago Island on 4 January 2019, restoring them to Santiago after a 180-year absence in an effort to restore that island's ecological health and to provide the both groups of iguanas more resources to thrive. Darwin had noted Santiago's iguanas in 1835, but they were last found there by Abel-Nicolas Bergasse du Petit-Thouars in 1838.

On January 12, 2019, the park directorate began using aerial drones to eradicate black and brown rats ( and ) from North Seymour, the first time such an approach had been used on vertebrates in the wild. The expectation is that this innovation will pave the way for faster and cheaper eradications of invasive species in the future on small and mid-sized islands.

Gallery

References

Citations

Bibliography

 .

External links

 North Seymour Information
 North Seymour Land Iguana History

Islands of the Galápagos Islands
Island restoration
Ken Coomer

Ken Coomer is an American musician and producer best known for his drumming in Uncle Tupelo and later Wilco. He was the drummer and co-founder of the Nashville-based band, Clockhammer, in the late 1980s/early 1990s.

Career 
Coomer produced the debut solo album of Vaquero's singer Chetes, which achieved platinum record sales in the Mexican music market. In 2017, he produced the debut album of the Colombian indie rock band AppleTree called Horas Perdidas, which was named the #1 Colombian album of 2018.

As a member of Wilco, Coomer has performed on A.M., Being There, Summerteeth, and Yankee Hotel Foxtrot.

Coomer has also played on or produced albums by Steve Earle, Frontier Ruckus, Arlo McKinley ,Sons of Bill, Tim Finn, Will Hoge, Jars of Clay, Emmylou Harris, Toy Horses, Malcolm Holcombe, Josh Hoyer and Soul Colossal and Shaver.

Personal life 
He lives in Nashville, Tennessee.

References

1960 births
Living people
Record producers from Tennessee
Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee
Wilco members
Uncle Tupelo members
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
Potassium thiocyanate

Potassium thiocyanate is the chemical compound with the molecular formula KSCN.  It is an important salt of the thiocyanate anion, one of the pseudohalides.  The compound has a low melting point relative to most other inorganic salts.

Use in chemical synthesis
Aqueous KSCN reacts almost quantitatively with Pb(NO3)2 to give Pb(SCN)2, which has been used to convert acyl chlorides to isothiocyanates.

KSCN converts ethylene carbonate to ethylene sulfide.  For this purpose, the KSCN is first melted under vacuum to remove water.  In a related reaction, KSCN converts cyclohexene oxide to the corresponding episulfide and KOCN.

C6H10O + KSCN -> C6H10S + KOCN

KSCN is also the starting product for the synthesis of carbonyl sulfide.

Other uses
Dilute aqueous KSCN is occasionally used for moderately realistic blood effects in film and theater. It can be painted onto a surface or kept as a colorless solution. When in contact with ferric chloride solution (or other solutions containing Fe3+), the product of the reaction is a solution with a blood red colour, due to the formation of the thiocyanatoiron complex ion. Thus this chemical is often used to create the effect of 'stigmata'. Because both solutions are colorless, they can be placed separately on each hand. When the hands are brought into contact, the solutions react and the effect looks remarkably like stigmata.

Similarly, this reaction is used as a test for Fe3+ in the laboratory.

References

Thiocyanates
Potassium compounds
Photographic chemicals
Euploea mulciber

Euploea mulciber, the striped blue crow, is a butterfly found in India and Southeast Asia that belongs to the crows and tigers, that is, the danaid group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

Description
Hindwing ovate. Upperside: in the male dark brown entirely glossed with brilliant blue; the following violescent white spots—a spot in apex of cell, a much curved series of five or six discal spots, a subterminal sinuous row of larger spots and an incomplete terminal series of dots. Hindwing uniform, unmarked except for a large patch of light-brown, densely set hair-like scales on the outer upper third of the wing. The female is a lighter brown, the forewing only glossed with blue on the disc; spots white, and more or less similar to those on the forewing of the male, but larger and pure white; in addition a streak in cell and another curved streak in interspace 1 showing through faintly from the underside. Hindwing: narrow white streaks in cell and in the interspaces beyond and a terminal row of slightly elongate white spots.

Underside similar to the upperside in each, but the markings broader, larger and more distinct; in the male there are besides a small white spot in apex of cell, two or three discal and incomplete sub-terminal and terminal series of white dots. Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen dark velvety brown, the abdomen glossed with greenish blue above; beneath, the head and thorax spotted, the abdomen transversely banded with white.

Larva. "Cylindrical, with four pairs of long fleshy subdorsal filaments which have pink bases and black tips, three pairs being on the anterior segments and the fourth pair on the 12th segment. Body pinkish white with lateral yellowish blotches, the segments each divided by a black line and anteriorly bordered by a narrow transverse pink band and purple-brown stripes ; spiracles black ; head with a dark red stripe in front and one on each side ; fore legs black, middle and hind legs black ringed with pink" (Moore, Larva of the Javan form, E. claudia)

Pupa. "Short, thick across the middle; thorax concave behind; abdominal segments dorsally convex, metallic golden-brown with darker brown anterior stripe." (Moore.)
Larvae feed on Nerium indicum, N. oleander, Ichnocarpus spp., Toxocarpus wightianus, Aristolochia spp., Argyreia penangiana, Ficus spp., Ficus retusa, F. benjamina, and Ichnocarpus volubis.

Gallery

See also
Danainae
Nymphalidae
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Nymphalidae)

References

Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies of Indochina
Euploea
Butterflies of Singapore
Butterflies described in 1777
Taxa named by Pieter Cramer
Philippe Gustave le Doulcet, Comte de Pontécoulant

Philippe Gustave Doulcet, Comte de Pontécoulant (1795–1874) was a French astronomer.

He was the younger son of Louis Gustave le Doulcet, Comte de Pontécoulant and was the brother of Louis-Adolphe Pontécoulant. After 1811 he served in the army until 1849. Following his retirement he dedicated himself to the study of mathematics and astronomy.

In 1829 he used the mathematical methods of Poisson and Lagrange to successfully predict the return of Halley's comet with good precision. His prediction of the perihelion passage was correct to within two days.

He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences. The crater Pontécoulant on the Moon is named after him.

Bibliography
 1829-1846, "Théorie Analytique du Système du Monde", Paris.
 1840, "Traité élémentaire de Physique Céleste", Paris, 2 volumes.
 1864, "Notice sur la comète de Halley et ses apparitions successives de 1531 à 1910", Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences, 58, 706-709

References

External links
 Portrait of Gustave Pontecoulant from the Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive, UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections

1795 births
1874 deaths
19th-century French astronomers
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Counts of Pontécoulant
19th-century French mathematicians
French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
East Huntington Bridge

The East Huntington Bridge (officially the Frank Gatski Memorial Bridge, also called the East End Bridge or the 31st Street Bridge) is a  cable-stayed bridge crossing the Ohio River at Huntington, West Virginia. It carries West Virginia Route 106 on the West Virginia approach and OH 775 on the Ohio approach.

The northern approach (from Ohio State Route 7) is the recently extended Ohio State Route 775; its southern terminus is a pair of ramps (northbound on-ramp from Fifth Avenue, southbound offramp to Third Avenue) connecting it to U.S. Route 60.

History

The history of the span dates to the early 1970s when possible routings for a future Ohio River span were being discussed. To conform to the Huntington city comprehensive plan, the alignment preferred by the city was one that connected to Interstate 64 outside of the city boundaries. Many favored a plan about one mile north of the city along WV 2.

Work began on the bridge in 1983 and was completed in August 1985 at a cost of $38 million. The designer of the bridge was Arvid Grant and Associated of Olympia, Washington and was the first bridge of its type in West Virginia. It was only the second of its kind in the United States since it utilized concrete instead of steel for its construction. It was built as a FHWA demonstration project.

The Ohio River span and approach ramps on both sides of the river completed was what was known as Phase I. Future plans involved tolling the bridge and connecting it to U.S. Route 60 four blocks east.

The bridge was renamed for Marshall University's first member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame,
Frank "Gunner" Gatski, during halftime of the Marshall-UTEP Football game on November 18, 2006.

See also
List of crossings of the Ohio River

References

External links

 East End Bridge at Bridges & Tunnels
 Video of bridge

Road bridges in West Virginia
Cable-stayed bridges in the United States
Buildings and structures in Huntington, West Virginia
Bridges over the Ohio River
Bridges completed in 1985
Transportation in Cabell County, West Virginia
Transportation in Lawrence County, Ohio
Buildings and structures in Lawrence County, Ohio
Road bridges in Ohio
Concrete bridges in the United States
Interstate vehicle bridges in the United States
Euploea doubledayi

Euploea doubledayi, the greater striped black crow, is a butterfly found in India and South-East Asia that belongs to the crows and tigers, that is, the danaid group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

See also
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Nymphalidae)

References
 

Euploea
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies of Indochina
Butterflies described in 1865
Taxa named by Baron Cajetan von Felder
Taxa named by Rudolf Felder
Debt (disambiguation)

A debt is that which one party owes to a second party.

Debt or The Debt may also refer to:

Films 
 The Debt (1917 film), a film
 The Debt (1993 film), a drama short film by Bruno de Almeida
 The Debt (1997 film), a Colombian submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
 The Debt (1999 film) or Dług, winner of the 2000 Polish Academy Award for Best Film
 The Debt (2003 film), a British television film directed by Jon Jones
 The Debt (2007 film), an Israeli drama-thriller film
 The Debt (2010 film), an American remake of the Israeli film
 The Debt (2014 film), an American short drama film
 The Debt (2015 film), a Peruvian, Spanish, and American drama film

Literature
 Debt: The First 5000 Years (2011), a book by anthropologist David Graeber

Television 
 Debt (game show), a 1990s American game show
 "Debt" (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit), an episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
 "The Debt" (The Amazing World of Gumball), a 2011 episode of The Amazing World of Gumball

See also
Keith Robinson (actor)

Keith Robinson  is an American actor and R&B singer.

Early life
Robinson was born in Louisville, Kentucky, attended public schools in Greenville, SC, and later moved to the Evans suburb of Augusta, Georgia. While attending the University of Georgia, Robinson signed a recording contract with Motown Records, although the label never issued any of his material.

Career
Moving to Los Angeles and turning to acting, Robinson gained a starring role in the TV series Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue as Joel Rawlings, the Green Lightspeed Ranger. After the end of the series, he appeared in such films as Fat Albert, and Mimic: Sentinel. Robinson also appeared in such television series as American Dreams, Monk, and Over There.

Robinson and Obba Babatundé (who portrayed C.C. White in the original Broadway production of Dreamgirls) both had recurring roles on the UPN series Half & Half. Robinson recently played the role of Chester Fields, on Fox's Canterbury's Law. Most recently, Robinson appeared in the supporting role of C.C. White in the film adaptation of the Broadway musical Dreamgirls. The film includes a Robinson-led version of the Dreamgirls song "Family". Robinson joined his fellow Dreamgirls cast members to perform "Patience", one of the new songs written for the film, at the 79th Academy Awards ceremony. He appeared in the film This Christmas. Robinson also performed in Comanche Moon:Road to Lonesome Dove.

Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos
"Love Somebody"(2016)
Got Your Back (2010)

References

External links
 Keith Robinson's official website
 
 Keith Robinson's Official MySpace profile
 

21st-century American male actors
Male actors from Augusta, Georgia
African-American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American rhythm and blues musicians
Living people
Male actors from Louisville, Kentucky
Musicians from Louisville, Kentucky
Singers from Kentucky
University of Georgia alumni
21st-century African-American male singers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Lithium metaborate

Lithium metaborate is a chemical compound of lithium, boron, and oxygen with elemental formula .  It is often encountered as a hydrate, , where n is usually 2 or 4.  However, these formulas do not describe the actual structure of the solids.

Lithium metaborate is one of the borates, a large family of salts (ionic compounds) with anions consisting of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen.

Structure

Lithium metaborate has several crystal forms.

The α form consists of infinite chains of trigonal planar metaborate anions .

The γ form is stable at 15 kbar and 950 °C. It has a polymeric cation consisting of a tridimensional regular array of  tetrahedra sharing oxygen vertices, alernating with lithium cations, each also surrounded by four oxygen atoms. The B-O distances are 148.3 pm, the Li-O distances are 196 pm.

Lithium metaborate forms glass relatively easily, and consists of approximately 40% tetrahedral borate anions, and 60% trigonal planar boron. The ratio of tetrahedral to trigonal boron has been shown to be strongly temperature dependent in the liquid and supercooled liquid state.

Applications

Laboratory

Molten lithium metaborate, often mixed with lithium tetraborate , is used to dissolve oxide samples for analysis by XRF, AAS, ICP-OES, ICP-AES, and ICP-MS, modern versions of classical bead test. The process may be used also to facilitate the dissolution of oxides in acids for wet analysis. Small amounts of lithium bromide]  or lithium iodide  may be added as mold and crucible release agents.

Lithium metaborate dissolves acidic oxides  with x < y, such as SiO2 , , , , , , , and Fe2O3.  Lithium tetraborate, on the other hand, dissolves basic oxides with x > y, such as CaO, MgO and other oxides of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.  Most oxides are best dissolved in a mixture of the two lithium borate salts, for spectrochemical analysis.

References 

Borates
Lithium salts
Euploea crameri

Euploea crameri, the spotted black crow, is a butterfly found in Asia that belongs to the crows and tigers, that is, the Danaid group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

Description
Shape of the wings as in Euploea godarti, Lucas. Upperside very dark brown, almost black, scarcely at all paler towards the terminal margins; forewings and hindwings with subterminal and terminal series of white spots; on the forewing the spots in the subterminal series much larger than the spots in the terminal series and bent inwards opposite apex, a spot in the apex of the cell often obsolescent and a discal series of four or five spots, of which one or two may be very small or obsolescent; on the hindwing the spots in the subterminal and terminal series sub-equal. Underside chocolate-brown, the white spots as on the upperside but more distinct, and in the hindwing with the addition of a spot in the apex of the cell and five or six discal small spots beyond. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen very dark brown, and, the antennae excepted, spotted with white beneath. Wingspan of 88–94 mm.

Ecology
The spotted black crow is found in the Indomalayan realm. It is known to undertake seasonal migrations.

Subspecies
E. c. crameri Borneo
E. c. bremeri C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860 South Burma - Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi, Singapore
E. c. frauenfeldi C. Felder, 1862 Nicobars, Andamans
E. c. niasica (Moore, 1883) Nias
E. c. daatensis (Moore, 1883) North Borneo (Pulau Daat)
E. c. labuana (Moore, 1883) North Borneo (Labuan)
E. c. metavica Hagen, 1898 Mentawai Islands
E. c. nicevillei (Moore, [1890]) Bengal
E. c. heylaertsi (Moore, [1890]) Sumatra
E. c. oceanis Doherty, 1891 Enggano
E. c. pagenstecheri Hagen, 1896 Bawean
E. c. tenggerensis (Fruhstorfer, 1898) East Java
E. c. lanista Fruhstorfer, 1904 Natuna Islands
E. c. nagasena Fruhstorfer, 1906 Batu Islands
E. c. singaradha Fruhstorfer, 1908 Bali
E. c. jedja Fruhstorfer, 1911 Banguey
E. c. praedicabilis Fruhstorfer, 1914 South Vietnam

References

Euploea
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies of Indochina
Butterflies of Singapore
Butterflies of Borneo
Butterflies described in 1853
Lupinus texensis

Lupinus texensis, the  Texas bluebonnet or Texas lupine  is a species of lupine found in Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and the Mexican states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. With other related species of lupines also called bluebonnets, it is the state flower of Texas.

It is an annual which begins its life as a small, gravel-like seed. The seed has a hard seed coat that must be penetrated by wind, rain, and weather over the course of a few months (but sometimes several years). In the fall, the bluebonnets emerge as small seedlings with two cotyledons, and later a rosette of leaves that are palmately compound, with five to seven leaflets 3–10 cm long, green with a faint white edge and hair. Growth continues over the mild winter, and then in the spring takes off, rapidly grow larger, before sending up a 20– to 50-cm-tall plume of blue flowers (with bits of white and occasionally a tinge of pinkish-red). The scent of these blossoms has been diversely described; many people say they give off no scent at all, while a few have described the scent as 'sickly sweet'.

Bluebonnet seeds have a hard outer shell to protect from dry conditions as the plant grows better in moist years. Seeds may be scarified - a process to weaken the seed casing to encourage germination - before being stored. If scarified and stored at twenty-two degrees Celsius, the seeds face no reduction in germinability one year after being harvested and treated.

It has been found in the wild with isolated mutations in other colors, most notably all-white flowers, pink, and the maroon 'Alamo Fire' variation. These mutations have since been selectively bred to produce different color strains that are available commercially.

Texas recognizes all native lupine species occurring in the state as the official state flower. That fact leads to other species such as L. subcarnosus and L. havardii also being referred to as bluebonnets, but distinctions are seen among the species that differentiate them from L. texensis.

References

External links

Texas Endemics: Distribution of Lupinus texensis
University of Texas at Austin: Lupinus texensis
Naturalista: Altramuz de Texas Lupinus texensis
Carlos Velazco, Flickr: Lupino de Texas / Texas bluebonnet Lupinus texensis, HÁBITAT

texensis
Symbols of Texas
Flora without expected TNC conservation status
Theta Carinae

θ Carinae, Latinized as Theta Carinae, is a spectroscopic binary star in the southern constellation of  Carina. With an apparent visual magnitude of 2.76, it is the brightest star in the open star cluster IC 2602. It marks the northeastern end of the Diamond Cross asterism. Parallax measurements from the Hipparcos mission place this star at a distance of about  from Earth.

Properties

The MKK stellar classification of this star is B0.5 Vp, which indicates this B-type main sequence star generates energy through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen in its core. The 'p' suffix designates peculiar spectral features, which have been observed in both optical and ultraviolet wavelengths.

Theta Carinae is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with a 2.2 day period; the shortest known orbital period among massive stars, suggesting earlier mass transfer between the two components, possibly explaining the spectral peculiarities. In this spectroscopic system, the primary star is probably a blue straggler, which is an unusual type of star created by merging or the interaction between two or more stars. The source of the mass transfer is likely to be the less massive secondary companion, and what is now the primary star was probably originally the less massive component. The estimated age of the pair is 4 million years, and it appears much younger than the surrounding IC 2602 cluster.

The primary star is about 15 solar masses () and five solar radii (). Theta Carinae has an intensely hot outer radiating envelope with an effective surface temperature of 31,000 K. Once the primary reaches around 11 million years old, the star will expand and will begin to transferring its outer surface mass back to its companion. Little is known about the companion star, but it is likely an F-type star with a luminosity less than 1% of the primary.

Etymology

In Chinese,  (), meaning Southern Boat, refers to an asterism consisting of θ Carinae, V337 Carinae, PP Carinae, β Carinae and ω Carinae. Consequently, θ Carinae itself is known as  (, ).

Apparent location
In most versions of its asterism, the neighbouring bright stars, thus plotted along the imaginary hull forming Carina are Omega Carinae which is approximately 120 light years closer and PP (also known as p) Carinae, of a similar distance to Theta.

References

External links
 Southern Sky Photos

B-type main-sequence stars
Blue stragglers
Carinae, Theta
Carina (constellation)
4199
093030
052419
Durchmusterung objects
IC 2602
Spectroscopic binaries
Viktor Lomidze

Viktor Lomidze, also known by his Polish name of Wiktor Łomidze-Wachtang, was a Georgian-Polish military officer. After the Bolshevik take-over of his country in early 1920s he emigrated to Poland, where he joined the Polish Army and then the Polish Navy.

Between 1935 and 1939 he was the commanding officer (in the rank of Captain) of ORP Jaskółka, a Polish minesweeper and minelayer. Later on he became the deputy commander of the ORP Gryf.

At the outbreak of the Polish Defensive War of 1939, on September 1, with other Polish warships, Gryf left the naval base at Gdynia for the Operation Rurka, a failed attempt to lay a minefield at the entrances to the Gdańsk Bay. After boarding naval mines from a floating depot, the flotilla headed for Hel Peninsula, assisted by ORP Wicher and several smaller vessels (among them Łomidze's former ship Jaskółka). En route she was attacked by a squadron of 33 German Ju 87B dive bombers and hit with several bombs. Although the damages were minor, the ship lost 22 sailors, including its captain Lt.Cmdr. Stefan Kwiatkowski in what became known as the battle of the Gdańsk Bay. Kwiatkowski's deputy, Capt. Wiktor Łomidze decided to throw all defused naval mines in the waters for fear of explosion and headed for Hel naval base. There it was decided to use the ship as a floating anti-air artillery battery guarding the harbour.

During the final days of the Polish defence of Pomerania, Łomidze, along with several other naval officers, crossed the Baltic on a small fishing cutter. They reached the port of Liepāja, from where Łomidze got to Sweden and then to the United Kingdom.

There he applied to the Polish Navy being reconstructed there by the Polish Government in Exile. Although he was admitted, he was also held responsible for the decision to throw away the mines back in September 1939, a decision that successfully crippled the Polish defensive operations in the Baltic Sea. Because of that, and despite Łomidze's pleas, he was never again given a command over any Polish vessel. Instead he spent the remainder of World War II at various staff duties. He finished his career in the rank of Commander.

References

Polish Army officers
Military personnel from Georgia (country)
People of World War II from Georgia (country)
Emigrants from Georgia (country) to Poland
Polish Navy officers
Euploea sylvester

Euploea sylvester, the double-branded crow, also known as the two-brand crow in Australia, is a butterfly found in South Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of Australia that belongs to the crows and tigers, that is, the danaid group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

Several races of the butterfly are recognized. Race pelor is found in Australia.

Subspecies
The subspecies of Euploea sylvester are-
E. s. sylvester - Cape York - Rockhampton, Torres Strait Is.
E. s. coreta (Godart, 1819) - Sri Lanka, S.India
E. s. hopei (Felder & Felder, 1865) - Sikkim - Burma, Assam, Indo-China, Peninsular Malaya
E. s. swinhoei - Taiwan
E. s. pelor Doubleday, 1847 - NW.Australia, Northern Territory

Description

In shape, colour, and markings, it very closely resembles Euploea core. Males, however, can be distinguished at once by the presence of two brands instead of a single one on the forewing. Of the females Lionel de Nicéville says, females of E. coreta can be separated from the females of E. core by the following points: "First by the outline of the forewing being more entire; in core it is slightly but perceptibly scalloped- Second, by the underside of the forewing having a complete series of six spots, one between each pair of nervules outside the cell; in core two of these spots, those above the discoidal nervules (veins 5 and 6), are always wanting. Third, the two brands on the interno-median area (interspace 1) of the forewing in the male are faintly but quite perceptibly to be traced in the female in the same position."

Larval food plants
The double-banded crow feeds on plants of the families Apocynaceae (dogbanes and oleanders) including Parsonsia, Hoya, and Cynanchum, Asclepiadaceae (milkweeds) including Marsdenia and Moraceae (figs) including Ficus obliqua, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus racemosa, Gymnema sylvestre and Ichnocarpus frutescens

Gallery

See also
Danainae
Nymphalidae
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Nymphalidae)

References

External links

Sri Lanka Wild Life Information Database

Euploea
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies of Indochina
Butterflies described in 1793