alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Swedish Public Employment Service

The Swedish Public Employment Service () is a Swedish government agency organized under the Ministry of Employment mainly responsible for the public employment service in Sweden and the implementation of labour market policies. The agency should help facilitate meetings and bring together employers with job seekers, especially those who are long-term unemployed and have particular difficulties in finding work. In addition, the agency should work to increase employment in the long term. This is primarily done by giving active support to companies in the recruitment process, facilitating meetings at the premises of the Swedish Public Employment Service and the use of a searchable, gratis vacancy database ().

Additional assignments
The agency has a special responsibility to work with the Swedish Social Insurance Agency () to help those with reduced working capacity back to employment. Newly arrived immigrants and refugees have the right to participate in different measures and programmes. In some cases, the agency can give economic compensation, such as wage subsidies, to employers. The agency has an additional responsibility to monitor job seekers to prevent benefit and insurance fraud, and should provide unemployment forecasts and statistics to the government.

History
The agency used to sort under the now defunct Swedish Labour Market Agency () and its offices belonged to the county labour boards, until it was decided that it should form its own agency under Ministry of Employment in 2008.

Organisation 
In 2018, the agency had 13,000 employees, in 242 local offices, grouped into eleven market areas. It is led by Director-General Maria Mindhammar, from the head office in Stockholm. As a consequence of a political deal between the minority government and parts of the opposition the agency had its budget severely cut in the end of 2018. On 30 January 2019, 4,500 of the employees were given their notice.

See also 
Ministry of Employment (Sweden)
Unemployment benefits in Sweden
Social audit
Swedish Public Freedom Service

References

Employment agencies of Sweden
Public employment service
Business organizations based in Sweden
Our Wife (1931 film)

Our Wife is a 1931 American pre-Code Hal Roach comedy film starring Laurel and Hardy. It was directed by James W. Horne and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Plot
Oliver is making plans to be married to his sweetheart Dulcy (Babe London) with Stan as his best man, but the plans are thwarted when Dulcy's father (James Finlayson) sees a picture of Ollie and forbids the marriage. The couple plan to elope, and steal away at night to a Justice of the Peace. After typical Laurel and Hardy blundering, they manage to sneak the girl away from her father's house.

Ollie, his gargantuan fiancée and Stan try to cram into a tiny car Stan hired for their elopement, but Ollie had expected a "limousine". After much struggling, they finally succeed in getting themselves and a suitcase into the car. As they move off, it tilts up under the weight and Stan's head smashes through the roof. The film concludes with a cross-eyed justice (Ben Turpin) marrying Ollie to Stan.

Cast
 Stan Laurel as Stan 
 Oliver Hardy as Ollie
 Babe London as Dulcy
 James Finlayson as Dulcy's Father
 Ben Turpin as The Justice of the Peace
 Blanche Payson as The Daughter of the Justice of the Peace
 Charley Rogers as The Butler

References

External links
 
 
 
 

1931 films
1931 comedy films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by James W. Horne
Laurel and Hardy (film series)
Films with screenplays by H. M. Walker
1930s English-language films
1930s American films
Ballydugan

Ballydugan or Ballydougan () is a townland in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It lies on the County Armagh–County Down border, between Lurgan and Gilford. Ballydougan is within the Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council area.

The Troubles
The Mid-Ulster brigade of the Ulster Volunteer Force killed three Catholics in Ballydugan on 4 January 1976 as well as another three Catholics (three brothers) in Whitecross the same day. The Kingsmill massacre by the South Armagh Republican Action Force left 10 Protestant men dead the following day.

Bloomvale House
Bloomvale House has had craftspeople living and working in it since 1785 and is currently the home of Ballydougan pottery ().

References
 Michael McKernan and Owen McQuade, Northern Ireland Yearbook, Bmf Business Services, 1 March 2004, 

Townlands of County Armagh
Civil parish of Tullylish
Turnbridge

Turnbridge is the area to the east of Huddersfield town centre ring road in West Yorkshire, England. It forms a corridor along which passes St Andrews Road, (B6432), and the Huddersfield Broad Canal to Aspley, where the Broad Canal meets Huddersfield Narrow Canal in the Aspley Basin.  There are places for a limited number of narrowboat moorings. Some have electric and fresh water services.

The area is reputed to have gained its name from a turning bridge across the canal. In 1865 this was replaced by Turnbridge Lift Bridge.

Areas of Huddersfield
Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk

Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk - The Navy's Flying Boat Factory - was the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service' aeroplane manufacturer. It was established in Horten in 1915 and produced 120 aircraft from then until it ceased to exist in 1940.

Aircraft produced

Local designs

M.F.1, a development of the Maurice Farman MF.7 floatplane, type 1914, six built.
M.F.2, a development of the Maurice Farman MF.11 floatplane, could carry two 50 kg mines/bombs, radio and machine gun.
M.F.3, further development of the MF.11, carried out the first RNoN aircraft test with torpedoes.
M.F.4, the first purpose-built trainer aircraft also developed from the Farman MF.11
M.F.5, the first Norwegian tractor aircraft
M.F.6. a trainer and the last Farman pusher built by the factory 
M.F.7, trainer
8 M.F.8, trainer
10 M.F.9, fighter
4 M.F.10, trainer 
29 M.F.11, reconnaissance
1 M.F.12, monoplane trainer

Built under license
8 Sopwith Baby
7 Douglas DT-2B/C
Hansa-Brandenburg Make, a licence-built Hansa-Brandenburg W.33
6 Make I
24 Make II
11 Make III built at Kjeller Flyfabrikk as the Kjeller F.F.8 Make III.

External links and references

History of the Royal Norwegian Air Force  
Polish page about Norwegian airplanes 

Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service
Aircraft manufacturers of Norway
Santa Maria Capua Vetere

Santa Maria Capua Vetere is a town and comune in the province of Caserta, part of the region of Campania (southern Italy).

Though it is not connected with the Civitas Capuana, the town is a medieval place and its proximity to the Roman amphitheatre led the inhabitants to change its name to Santa Maria Capua Vetere, where Capua Vetere means Old Capua.

History

In the area several settlements of the Villanovan culture were present in pre-historical times, and these were probably enlarged by the Oscans and Etruscans. In the 4th century BCE Capuae was the largest city in Italy after Rome.

The city was damaged by Vandal ravages but later recovered and became the seat of an independent Lombard principate. However, during the struggle of the succession to the Duchy of Benevento, it was destroyed by a band of Saracens in 841 CE. The survivors mostly fled and founded the modern Capua in the site of the ancient River port of Casilinum.

What is now Santa Maria Capua Vetere started to grow slowly when several countryside residences appeared around the old Christian basilicas of Santa Maria Maggiore, San Pietro in Corpo and Sant'Erasmo in Capitolio. King Robert of Anjou made Santa Maria Maggiore one of his summer residences.

The town was known as Santa Maria Maggiore until 1861.

Main sights

For information about main ancient landmarks in the comune of Santa Maria Capua Vetere, see Main sights in Capua.

The main other landmark of Santa Maria Capua Vetere is the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, founded, according to the tradition, by Pope Symmachus in the 5th century. The church had originally a single nave, but was enlarged by Lombard Prince Arechis II of Benevento in 787. Another renovation was carried out in 1666 by Cardinal Robert Bellarmine, with the addition of two further aisles; the current Late Baroque appearance dates to the 1742–88 works, during which the precious mosaic area of the apse was destroyed.

People
 Marcello Trotta, footballer, was born here.

 Pina Picierno is a member and Vice President of the European Parliament. 

 Errico Malatesta was an Italian anarchist, social and political activist, writer and revolutionary.
 Frank Matano, Italian actor, presenter and voice actor.

Twin towns
  Murcia, Spain

See also
Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli
 Bishopric of Capua

References

External links

 

 
Populated places established in the 12th century
Capua
Villanovan culture
MICEX 10

The MICEX 10 Index () is an unweighted price index that tracks the ten most liquid Russian stocks listed on Moscow Exchange. Composition of the index is assessed quarterly following the liquidity criterion. Components are assigned equal weight.

Calculation
The index is the arithmetic average of the change of prices between a time  and a base time 0, which is the end of the preceding quarter. The formula is:

where  is the price of the component stock  at time ,  is the price of the component stock  at the end of previous quarter, and  is the adjustment coefficient.

Components

As of June 2017, the composition of the index was the following:

References

Russian stock market indices
List of Durban suburbs

This is a list of suburbs in the Ethekwini Metropolitan Municipality which includes the city of Durban and surrounding towns. Some of these are commonly used names for regions, collections of suburbs (e.g. Berea, Bluff, Overport), or formerly independent towns that are themselves composed of suburbs (e.g. Kingsburgh, Queensburgh, Westville) and do not necessarily correspond to specific legal townships, or suburbs.

North

Desainager
eMdloti (Umdloti) 
Genazzano 
La Mercy
Mount Edgecombe 
Mount Moreland
oThongathi (Tongaat)
Tongaat Beach 
uMhlanga
 La Lucia
Verulam 
Westbrook

Central

Avoca
Bellair
Berea
 Glenwood
 Greyville
 Manor Gardens
 Sydenham
 Umbilo 
 Windermere
Bluff
 Brighton Beach
 Merebank
 Merewent
 Wentworth 
 Treasure Beach
Cato Crest (Mayville)
Cato Manor
Durban North 
Essenwood
Hillary
Inanda
KwaMashu
Memorial Park
Mobeni
Montclair
Mount Vernon
Ntuzuma
Overport
Phoenix 
Rossburgh
Seaview
Springfield
Springfield Park 
Stamford Hill 
Woodhaven
Woodlands
Yellowwood Park

South

Amanzimtoti
Athlone Park 
Clansthal  
Craigieburn   
eMkhomazi (Umkomaas)
 Widenham
Ilfracombe 
Illovo 
Isipingo  
Kingsburgh 
 Doonside
 Illovo Beach
 Karridene
 Warner Beach
 Winklespruit
KwaMakhutha
Magabeni
Malangeni
Prospecton
Umbogintwini
umbumbulu
Umlazi

 Reunion

Outer West

Alverstone
Assagay
Botha's Hill
Cato Ridge
 Harrison
Cliffdale
Clifton Canyon
Drummond
Everton
Gillitts
 Winston Park
Hillcrest
 Crestholme
Inchanga
 Fredville
 Monteseel
Kloof
 Forest Hills
 Wyebank (Motalabad)
KwaXimba
Molweni
Mpumalanga (Hammarsdale)
Peacevale
Shongweni
Summerveld
Waterfall

Inner West

Chatsworth
 Arena Park
 Umhlatuzana
 Welbedacht
Clermont
Dassenhoek
Klaarwater
KwaDabeka
KwaNdengezi
Maryvale 
Pinetown
 Cowies Hill 
 Mariannhill
 Mariannridge
 Moseley
 Nazareth
 Sarnia
 Savanna Park
St Wendolins Ridge 
Thornwood
Queensburgh 
 Escombe
 Malvern
 Northdene
Reservoir Hills
Shallcross
Westville 
 Berea West
 Chiltern Hills

References

Durban suburbs
Suburbs
List
37 Squadron

37 Squadron or 37th Squadron may refer to:

 No. 37 Squadron RAAF, a unit of the Royal Australian Air Force
 No. 37 Squadron RAF, a unit of the United Kingdom Royal Air Force
 No. 37 Squadron RAF Regiment, a former unit of the United Kingdom Royal Air Force
 37th Bomb Squadron, a unit of the United States Air Force
 37th Airlift Squadron, a unit of the United States Air Force
 VFA-37 (Strike Fighter Squadron 37, United States), a unit of the United States Navy

See also
 37th Division (disambiguation)
 37th Brigade (disambiguation)
 37th Regiment (disambiguation)
John Edward Thompson

John Edward Thompson (1882–1945) was an American painter and university professor who is credited with introducing modern art to Denver, Colorado in 1917, much to the chagrin of local critics. Due to his pioneering career, Thompson was referred to as the "Dean of Colorado Painters." While he never enjoyed much national renown, his work is still among the most desirable to collectors of Colorado art.

Overview
Born in Buffalo, New York, in 1882 , Thompson had begun his formal art studies with noted illustrator Lucius Hitchcock. After studying for two years at the Art Students League of New York, he enrolled in Paris' Académie Julian in 1902. Influenced by the tutelage of such renowned figures as Jean-Paul Laurens, he established a European reputation while still in his twenties. Spending a year in Laren, a famous painting village in the Netherlands, Thompson also met Jozef Israëls and Albert Neuhys. Returning to Paris, he found himself invited to the salon of Gertrude Stein and soon was living in the home of George Sand. In a picturesque French village, Gargilesse-Dampierre, Thompson was inspired by the natural light and scenery to paint landscapes in the style of Paul Cézanne.

Driven back to the United States by World War I, Thompson found himself drawn to depictions of the American West. A railroad agent recommended Pine, Colorado for its fine quality of mountain light, which was enough to send Thompson packing. He soon landed in Denver, drawing friends and artists such as Joseph Bakos and Walter Mruk to his own small art colony. Though some soon departed to form the Santa Fe community known as "Los Cinco Pintores," Thompson's leadership introduced modernist European styles to a region long-resistant to non-traditional art forms.

As a member of the Denver Atelier, an exclusive network of leaders in the arts and architecture community, Thompson also used the studio as a social gathering spot. Frederick Law Olmsted Jr, Jacques Benedict, Burnham Hoyt, and other Denver notables interested in the American Beaux-Arts tradition joined him. Their monthly meetings would often feature nude models, enabling members to practice sketching in a supportive environment while enjoying the pleasures of homemade juniper-berry wine.

Among Thompson's works are murals, including one on the University of Denver campus which was finished in 1929, painted over in 1931, and only rediscovered in 2007.

Thompson's genius led to exhibitions in some of the most prestigious art galleries in the country, including the Art Institute of Chicago, New York World's Fair, Philadelphia Sesqui-Centennial Exhibition, San Francisco's Palace of the Legion of Honor, and the Corcoran Museum of Art in Washington D.C.

Thompson worked at the University of Denver from 1929 until his death in 1945.

Notes

External links

Further reading 

 

Painters from Colorado
1882 births
1945 deaths
20th-century American painters
American male painters
20th-century American male artists
Glen Downey

Glen Downey (born 20 September 1978) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender from 1997 to 2007.

He notably played in the Football League for Grimsby Town, having also had spells with Hartlepool United, Bishop Auckland, Spennymoor United, Gateshead, Shelbourne, Newry City, Scarborough and Worksop Town.

Career
Downey started his career as a trainee at Hartlepool United in 1997 but in three years with the club he had failed to make a single first team appearance and was released in 2000. He then moved into Non-League whilst having a brief loan spells with Bishop Auckland and Gateshead before moving to Ireland where he featured for Shelbourne and Newry City. He then joined Conference National side Scarborough in 2003. He had struggled to make an impact with The Seadogs, and following his release in 2004 he was surprisingly signed up for Football League Two side Grimsby Town by Russell Slade, his manager at Scarborough. Originally signed as defensive cover, he was given a new one-year-deal a year later despite the fact he only played 14 minutes in his first season with The Mariners.

In his first appearance of the 05–06 season Downey impressed after replacing the injured Rob Jones in the impressive 1-0 Football League Cup victory away against Derby County. In his only league appearance of that season on New Year's Eve, he came on as substitute and scored an 84th-minute winner against Wrexham in a game where both Grimsby centre backs Simon Ramsden and Rob Jones departed through injury. Downey had played at left back as part of a makeshift back four with regular left back Tom Newey moving to centre back to partner striker Gary Jones.

Despite earning several plaudits in all 3 of his appearances for the club, Downey was released and joined Conference North side Worksop Town at the start of the 2006–07 season. This was only to be a brief spell and he departed after playing only a handful of games. Following his release from Worksop he was never to sign again with a club at neither professional or semi-professional terms, and despite never officially announcing his retirement from the sport he would never play competitive football again,

Personal life
Downey's younger brother Gareth was also a professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Like Glen he was on the books for Hartlepool United, Shelbourne, and Scarborough. Downey now runs a chain of Fish and Chips shops with his brother in Wearside.

Honours

Grimsby Town
Football League Two Play-off runner up: 2005-06

References

External links

English men's footballers
1978 births
Living people
Hartlepool United F.C. players
Bishop Auckland F.C. players
Spennymoor United A.F.C. players
Gateshead F.C. players
Scarborough F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Worksop Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Northern Premier League players
Men's association football defenders
Shelbourne F.C. players
League of Ireland players
Expatriate men's association footballers in the Republic of Ireland
Footballers from Newcastle upon Tyne
Charniodiscus

Charniodiscus is an Ediacaran fossil that in life was probably a stationary filter feeder that lived anchored to a sandy sea bed. The organism had a holdfast, stalk and frond. The holdfast was bulbous shaped, and the stalk was flexible. The frond was segmented and had a pointed tip. There were two growth forms: one with a short stem and a wide frond, and another with a long stalk, elevating a smaller frond about  above the holdfast. While the organism superficially resembles the sea pens (cnidaria), it is probably not a crown-group animal.

Charniodiscus was first found in Charnwood Forest in England, and named by Trevor D. Ford in 1958. The name is derived from the fact that Ford described a holdfast consisting only of a double concentric circle, his species being named Charniodiscus concentricus. Later it was discovered that a frond (Charnia masoni) was part of a closely related organism. Charnia differs in the branching structure in the frond.

Charniodiscus specimens are known from across the globe dating to around .

Species are distinguished by the number of segments, the presence or absence of distal spines, and by shape ratios.

Other described species, C. arboreus, C. longus, C. oppositus, and C. spinosus are considered to belong to their own genus Arborea, which is sometimes considered a synonym of Charniodiscus. The status of C. yorgensis needs to be restudied.

See also
List of Ediacaran genera

References 
Glaessner, M. F., and Daily, B. (1959) "The Geology and Late Precambrian Fauna of the Ediacara Fossil Reserve". Records of the South Australian Museum 13: 369-407 retrieved 26 January 2008

External links
Mistaken Point
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS abstract

Ediacaran life
Enigmatic prehistoric animal genera
Ediacaran Europe
White Sea fossils
Bob Harlow

Bob Harlow (October 21, 1899 – November 15, 1954) was a figure in the development of professional golf in the United States.

Early life and education 
Harlow was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts.

Career 
He began his working life as a journalist, before becoming manager of Walter Hagen, then the biggest draw in golf, in 1921. In 1930, he was hired as tournament manager by the PGA of America and he played a key role in establishing a full-time PGA Tour. (The precise date this happened is a matter of interpretation, but money lists are available from 1934 onwards.) He was the first person to propose an idea to expand "The Circuit."

Harlow was a born salesman who went from city to city, convincing local clubs and businesses to support or start tournaments. He came up with ideas like having tournaments all year, having tournament volunteers, and having a PGA merchandise show. He kept the show on the road through the Great Depression. He also managed players such as Paul Runyan, Horton Smith and Ed Dudley. In 1936, he was replaced as tournament manager by Fred Corcoran as the PGA felt he had a conflict of interest, acting as agent for certain players while running a tour that was expected to treat all its members equally. He went on to found Golf World magazine in 1947, and was involved in other ventures, such as promoting professional tennis events. In 1988, he was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame.

References

External links

Golf administrators
World Golf Hall of Fame inductees
Professional tennis promoters
1899 births
1954 deaths
Islandstorget metro station

Islandstorget is a station in the Stockholm metro on the Green line. It is located in the district of Södra Ängby, which is part of the borough of Bromma in the west of the city of Stockholm. The station is above ground with a single island platform. The entrance is from Blackebergsvägen, which passes over the line. On a workday there are some 3,450 passengers who travel from Islandstorget.

The site of the station was the western terminus of a line known as the  that ran from Alvik. The Ängbybanan was designed and built for use by the future metro, but was operated from 1944 as part of line 11 of the Stockholm tramway. Islandstorget station was inaugurated as part of the metro on 26 October 1952 with the conversion of the Ängbybanan and its extension to form the metro line between Hötorget and Vällingby.

Gallery

References

External links
Images of Islandstorget station

Green line (Stockholm metro) stations
Railway stations opened in 1952
Railway stations in Sweden opened in the 1950s
C6 tuning

C6 tuning is one of the most common tunings for steel guitar, both on single and multiple neck instruments. On a twin-neck, the most common set-up is C6 tuning on the near neck and E9 tuning on the far neck. 

On a six-string neck, for example, on lap steel guitar, C6 tuning is most usually C-E-G-A-C-E, bass to treble and going away from the player. Some other six-string C6 tunings are:
 A-C-E-G-C-E.
 G-C-G-A-C-E.
 E-C-G-A-C-E.
 E-G-A-C-E-G.
 C-A-C-G-C-E

On an eight-string neck, for example, on a console steel guitar, popular C6 tunings are:
 High C6 tuning A-C-E-G-A-C-E-G.
 Low C6 tuning either:
 G-A-C-E-G-A-C-E.
 F-A-C-E-G-A-C-E.

On a ten-string neck, typical of pedal steel guitars, a popular C6 tuning is C-F-A-C-E-G-A-C-E-G, adding two bass strings to the high eight-string tuning, or one string on either side of the F-bass low tuning. This is sometimes called the "Texas tuning". Another frequent variant is the reentrant C-F-A-C-E-G-A-C-E-D.

References

External links 
Steel guitar tunings indexes many tunings.

Steel-guitar tunings
Hammarbyhöjden

Hammarbyhöjden is a city district in Stockholm, Sweden.  The district is split across two boroughs: Most of it is located in Skarpnäck borough, the subdistrict Blåsut is located in the Enskede-Årsta-Vantör borough.  As of December 31, 2007, Hammarbyhöjden had 8,143 inhabitants.

The Stockholm metro station Hammarbyhöjden is an elevated station opened in 1958. The station is served by the green line 17.

History 

Together with Traneberg, a district west of the historical city centre, Hammarbyhöjden was one of the centrally located, hilly terrains bought by the city of Stockholm in 1917.  The terrain made it unsuitable for the kind of garden cities built during the 1910s and 1920s.  Furthermore, by the early 1930s the city authorities had realised the successful small-scale projects of the past could not solve the ramping shortage of dwellings the city was experiencing.  In both these districts the ideals of Functionalist architecture — multi-family buildings in a natural scenery — were therefore implemented.  A plan for the area was adopted in 1930, featuring 15 metres thick buildings 3–4 stories tall.  The early 1930s saw few construction projects realized, and when a builder willing to carry the project out finally appeared, he demanded that the plan should be redrawn in accordance to a proposal by Ragnar Östberg — a plan featuring buildings 10 m wide arranged in an unmistakably classicist manner.  These negotiations foundered, however, and the city redrew the plans again — now with a programmatically functionalist plan.  Construction finally started in 1935, but, due to the stalled negotiations, Hammarbyhöjden lost its pioneering role to Traneberg which had its 1932 city plan quickly realised.  Nevertheless, more than 4.000 flats had been built in Hammarbyhöjden by the 1950s, 92 per cent of which were two room-flats with a kitchen or smaller.

Construction was small-scale and artisanal.  The three story buildings had only two stairwells, which made them easy to deploy in the uneven terrain, while the flats reaching through the buildings made it easy to orient the buildings in different directions.  The heights were used for panoramic views, and the roads were made to follow the terrain.  On its completion, the district was described as an "ideal society" and named "The White city" (Den vita staden), but its first inhabitants were more sceptical, complaining on inadequate services, high rents, and the long distance to the city centre.  Many of those who did move in did, however, end up living their entire lives in Hammarbyhöjden.

Notes

References

See also
Hammarby

Districts of Stockholm
Housing in Sweden
Wolf Barth

Wolf Paul Barth (20 October 1942, Wernigerode – 30 December 2016, Nuremberg) was a German mathematician who discovered Barth surfaces and whose work on vector bundles has been important for the ADHM construction. Until 2011 Barth was working in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany.

Barth received a PhD degree in 1967 from the University of Göttingen. His dissertation, written under the direction of Reinhold Remmert
and Hans Grauert, was entitled Einige Eigenschaften analytischer Mengen in kompakten komplexen Mannigfaltigkeiten (Some properties of analytic sets in compact, complex manifolds).

Publications

See also
Barth surfaces
Barth–Nieto quintic

References

External links 
 

1942 births
2016 deaths
People from Wernigerode
20th-century German mathematicians
21st-century German mathematicians
Academic staff of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
Algebraic geometers
University of Göttingen alumni
Manmohan Desai

Manmohan Desai (26 February 1937 – 1 March 1994) was an Indian film producer and director. He was one of the most successful filmmakers of the 70s and 80s. Desai was an influential and sought-after film director of Bollywood and a pioneer of making Masala films along with Prakash Mehra and Nasir Hussain.

Family background 
Manmohan Desai was of Gujarati ancestry. His father, Kikubhai Desai, was an Indian film producer and owner of Paramount Studios (later Filmalaya) from 1931 to 1941. His productions, mainly stunt films, included Circus Queen, Golden Gang, and Sheikh Challi. Manmohan Desai's elder brother, Subhash Desai, became a producer in the 1950s and gave Manmohan his first break in the Hindi film Chhalia (1960). Subhash later went on to produce Bluff Master, Dharam Veer, and Desh Premee with Manmohan as the director.

His wife was Jeevanprabha Desai. She died in April 1979. He was engaged to actress Nanda from 1992 until the time of his death in 1994. He had one son Ketan Desai who is still involved in the film industry. Ketan is married to Kanchan Kapoor, daughter of Shammi Kapoor and Geeta Bali.

On 1 March 1994, as per news Manmohan Desai fell from the balcony in Girgaon as the rail he was leaning on collapsed and died. Very little is known about his death.

Career 
Manmohan Desai was known for his family-centered, action-song-and-dance films which catered to the tastes of the Indian masses and through which he achieved great success. His movies defined a new genre called masala films. A common theme in his films were the lost and found plot where family members would be separated and reunited.

Filmography

References

External links 

1937 births
1994 deaths
Film producers from Mumbai
20th-century Indian film directors
Hindi-language film directors
Gujarati people
Film directors from Mumbai
Kisharon

Kisharon is a British charity, founded in 1976 by Chava Lehman. Its resources are all in London. Kisharon specialises in caring for and educating Jewish children and adults with disabilities.

Typically, Kisharon students may have one or more of the following: Autism and Asperger syndrome, both autism spectrum disorders; Down syndrome, a chromosomal anomaly causing mental retardation, or cerebral palsy, a disorder characterized by spastic movements. A growing proportion of students have complex and multiple physical disabilities.

Kisharon has a range of resources that cater for the needs of these people, young and old. Tuffkid Nursery is a nursery both for children with special needs and those who are mainstream. Kisharon Day School caters for children up to the age of 19, at which point they can move to Kisharon Adult Services.  Kisharon's Asher Loftus Business Centre offers vocational training and experience, with a variety of small businesses run by the students.  Kisharon also offers a small number of residential opportunities for men and women, including Eagle Lodge and the Hanna Schwalbe Home. A variety of services are also offered through Hackney Community Inclusion.

External links
 Kisharon

Jewish charities based in the United Kingdom
Jewish educational organizations
1976 establishments in England
Charities based in London
Charities for disabled people based in England
Organizations established in 1976
Naik

Naik may refer to:
 Naik (military rank), the equivalent to corporal in the Indian and Pakistan Armies
 Naik, Iran, a village in Sistan and Baluchestan Province
 Naik, South Khorasan, a village in South Khorasan Province
 Naic, Cavite (previously Naik), a municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines.
 The community with origins in India, also known as Aheria
 Naik Maratha, a Marathi speaking community found in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and neighboring Pernem
 Namadhari Naik, a Hindu community who follow Vaishnavism

People
 A. M. Naik, chairman and managing director of Larsen & Toubro Limited
 Anuradha N. Naik, Indian botanist
 Ganesh Naik, Indian politician
 Jayant Pandurang Naik (1907–1981), Indian educator
 Kullal Chickappu Naik (Born 1903) Indian agriculture scientist
 Ram Naik (born 1934), governor of Uttar Pradesh, India
 Shripad Yasso Naik (born 1952), Indian politician
 Zakir Naik, Islamic televangelist (born 1965)

See also
 Anavil Brahmin
 Naiker, a title used across India
 Nayak (disambiguation)
 Nayakan (disambiguation)
E9 tuning

E9 tuning is a common tuning for steel guitar necks of more than six strings. It is the most common tuning for the neck located furthest from the player on a two-neck console steel guitar or pedal steel guitar while a C6  neck is the one closer to the player. The E9 is a popular tuning for single neck instruments of eight or more strings. This tuning has evolved in the last half of the twentieth century with input from prominent performers including Jimmy Day, Ralph Mooney and Buddy Emmons to support optimal chord and scale patterns across a single fret on the 10-string pedal steel guitar.

Corresponding tunings for a six string lap steel guitar are the E6 tuning E–G–B–C–E–G, or E7 tuning B–D–E–G–B–E.

A popular E9 tuning for eight string console steel guitar is the Western swing tuning E–G–B–D–F–G–B–E, low to high and near to far.

The standard Nashville E9 tuning also called the E9 Chromatic Tuning for ten string pedal steel guitar is B–D–E–F–G–B–E–G–D–F.

History and evolution

The Nashville standard E9 tuning was developed primarily from 1950 to 1970 during real-world experimentation by elite steel guitarists. Educator Mark Van Allen called the modern E9 tuning "logical" and the "perfect vehicle for most modern music". In 1958, Jimmy Day added an E string (duplicate of the root note) to the middle of the 1940s-style eight-string E9 tuning (E-G-B-D-F-G-B-E) to make nine strings. The change was adopted by other players to become a permanent fixture in the E9 tuning. In 1959, Ralph Mooney added a G (a third interval) at the top end, making ten strings, also an enduring advancement. Buddy Emmons, in 1962 created a reentrant tuning by adding a D (a major seventh) and F (a ninth) at the top. He also eliminated the lowest two strings, still making ten. Emmons said, "The thought behind the F and D notes was to fill the gap between the G and C pedal note of the E9 tuning" The Nashville standard E9 for decades has remained B–D–E–F–G–B–E–G–D–F. It allows the performer to play a major scale without moving the bar.

See also
Nashville tuning (high strung)

References

External links
 Steel guitar tunings indexes many tunings.

Steel-guitar tunings
Aviation in Norway

Aviation has been a part of Norwegian society since the early twentieth century.

Early attempts
In the early days of Norwegian aviation the Norwegian enthusiasts lacked an engine and were therefore unable to perform real flights. The first engine powered aircraft was ordered during the world's first air show in Reims and came to Kristiania in December 1909. It was purchased by Wilhelm Henie and was a Voisin biplane. The plane was however so damaged by a snowstorm that it would never fly.

In 1910 engineer Einar Lilloe Gran constructed the first motorised aircraft in Norway. It had a wing span of 10 meters and cost  to build. There were made several attempts to make the aircraft airborne, but without any significant results.

Norwegian aviator Tryggve Gran (1889–1980) became a skilled pilot at Louis Blériot's aviation school in Paris, and on 30 July 1914, became the first pilot in history to cross the North Sea. He took off from Cruden Bay, Scotland, and landed about 4½ hours later at Jæren, Norway, flying a Blériot XI-2 monoplane.

The first confirmed flight was by the Swedish baron Carl Cederström on 14 October 1910. A 23-minute flight over Oslo with a top speed of 52 knots. The first motorized flight was made by Hans Dons in the HNoMS Start on 1 June 1912 from Horten to Øra close to Fredrikstad. Einar Sem-Jacobsen entered the first flight in a military mission at Elverum 1 September 1912 with Ganger Rolf, one of two Farman Longhorn that initiated the Army Air Forces the same year. Ganger Rolf and Njaal were both built in France and based at Kjeller airport - Norway oldest and one of the world oldest aerodromes.

Kjeller airport and Norwegian military airpower celebrated in 2012 100 years of flying in Norway with successful airshows at Kjevik (Kristiansand), Kjeller airport, Sola (Stavanger), Bodø,  Andøya and the main impressive event in Oslo 1 September - along with several smaller events.

Organized aviation
The public agency of civil aviation in Norway is Avinor. It was organized as a directorate from 1947, but this was preceded by an office organized under the Norwegian Ministry of Defence, created in 1920.

Widerøe (Widerøe's Flyveselskap) is among the older existing aviation companies in Norway, established in 1934. It had its roots in two smaller companies that were active in the early 1930s. Pioneers during this time include Viggo Widerøe, Halvor Bjørneby, Helge Skappel, Leiv Brun, Ditlef Smith and Erik Engnæs. Both Scandinavian Airlines System and Braathens were established in 1946. Braathens no longer exists, having been merged with SAS as SAS Braathens. A newer, large company is Norwegian Air Shuttle.

Current
The main airport in Norway is Oslo Airport, Gardermoen. It replaced Oslo Airport, Fornebu, which was main airport from 1 June 1939 to 7 October 1998.

The longest domestic non-stop flight is Scandinavian Airlines' Oslo-Longyearbyen service, well over 2000 kilometres.

References

External links
Royal Norwegian Air Force history
Norwegian Aviation Museum
Philippe-François Véras

Philippe-François Véras, (1690 ? - 1742), was a French composer, organist and harpsichordist active in Lille about 1740.

Veras was organist at the Saint-Maurice church in Lille, and published a small collection of harpsichord works in Paris, in 1740 according to the legal document Privilège Général.  A small amount of biographical information can be gleaned from this 1740 publication, as it plainly states he was employed there.  As was typical of harpsichord works of this period, the pieces are organized in "Ordres" (a free-form suite of compositions containing descriptive, picturesque titles) in a manner similar to François Couperin before him.  The music of Véras suggests he was influenced by Italian styles: the melodic contours and harmonic language of his works show a substantial stylistic affinity with the sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti.  The third movement of his first "ordre" is entitled "La Volliante, dans le goût italien" (La Volliante, in the Italian taste/manner). 

A facsimile edition of these works was published in 1982 by Minkoff (Genève), .

Harpsichord works 

Pièces de Clavecin - Premier Livre (1740)
Premier ordre in G/g 
Badines 1 & 2
Les Brunes - Les Brunais
La Volliante dans le goût italien
Les Bergères 1e & 2e parties
Tambourins 1 & 2
1er Menuet (Tambourin 3)
2e Menuet (Tambourin 4)  
Deuxième ordre in C/c 
La Divertissante
Le Cocquelet
La Duchesse
La Galante
Sarabande
Tambourins 1 & 2
Troisième ordre in a/A
Le Rédiculle
La Fidèle
La Légère
Tambourins 1 & 2
La Belle
Les Sauvages: Menuets 1 & 2  
Quatrième Ordre in D/d 
La Riante, rondeau
La Milordine
Rigaudons 1 & 2
La Belle Idée, rondeau
La Ginguette

Scores

References 
 Fuller, D.  Veras, Ph(ilippe) F(rançoi)s. Grove Music Online.

External links 
 YouTube ; 3e Suite, David Bolton, harpsichord

See also
 List of French harpsichordists

18th-century classical composers
French Baroque composers
French classical composers
French male classical composers
French harpsichordists
18th-century French composers
18th-century French male musicians
17th-century male musicians
Smoother (band)

Smoother was a Canadian rock band from Hamilton, Ontario, headed by lead vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter Andrew Franey.  Members included Beau Cook on bass and vocals, keyboardist James Flemings-Strange, drummer Adam Benning and Todd Knight on guitar and vocals.

History
Smoother started out with the name Sponge; They signed with Sonic Unyon and recorded an album, Trendbender, in cassette form in 1993 under that name.  The band also contributed to a Sonic Union compilation album, Not if I Smell You First.

The band changed its name to Smoother after the American band with the same name began to achieve success in North America. They then released an album, Copycat in 1994 through Sonic Unyon.

Smoother performed at the NXNE festival and Edgefest in 2001. The band's first and only major label release, Chasing the Dragon, was released in 2001 through EMI Canada. The album was well received critically but failed to meet the sales expectations of EMI. The single "East Side" received extensive radio play in Canada, and was among the top 70 most played radio tracks in Canada in 2001. The music video for "East Side" reached number 12 on the Much Top 30 Countdown in September 2001. "East Side" was also featured in the motion picture Men With Brooms. The band was nominated for Best New Group at the 2002 Juno Awards.

Discography

Studio albums
Trendbender (as Sponge) (1993, Sonic Unyon)
 Copycat (1994, Sonic Unyon)
 What a Life (1999, Sonic Unyon)
 Chasing the Dragon (2001, EMI Music Canada)

Singles
 "Electroconfusion" (2000)
 "East Side" (2001)

References

Canadian alternative rock groups
Musical groups from Hamilton, Ontario
Sonic Unyon artists
Libythea narina

Libythea narina, the whitespotted beak, is a butterfly found in India that belongs to the Libytheinae group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

See also
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Nymphalidae)

References
 
  
 
 
 
 

Libythea
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies described in 1880
Libythea myrrha

Libythea myrrha, the club beak, is a butterfly found in India that belongs to the Libytheinae group of the brush-footed butterflies family found in the Indomalayan realm.

Description

Variable in the extent and breadth of the orange-yellow markings and in the mottling and ground colour of the underside. Typically males and females have the ground colour on the upperside dark brown, with the following orange-yellow markings: 
Forewing: a streak from the base along the median vein extending narrowly on each side of it and continued beyond as a comparatively large oval spot in base of interspace 2; two preapical double spots placed obliquely to the costa. Hindwing uniform, with a slightly oblique narrow medial band extending from vein 1 to vein 5. Underside forewing: ground colour brown; orange-yellow markings as on the upperside, but broader, more diffuse; apex and dorsal margin broadly shaded with pale grey irrorated with minute dark spots and transverse short striae. Hindwing greyish brown irrorated (sprinkled) with minute dark spots and short transverse striae, and shaded in the cell, on the middle of the costal margin, and on the middle of the termen with diffuse brown. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen dark brown; beneath, palpi, thorax and abdomen greyish brown.

The larger varieties, with very broad orange markings on both forewings and hindwings, have been separated as race sanguinalis. This is chiefly a Himalayan and eastern form. Variety rama Moore is the smaller southern and Sri Lankan form, with the orange markings much narrower and restricted and the preapical double spots entirely white, or white slightly suffused with yellow. Every gradation between the two forms, however, can be found. Many specimens are identical with typical forms from Java.

Wingspan of 46–58 mm.

Found along the Himalayas, from Kulu to Sikkim; the Western Ghats and southern India; Sri Lanka; Assam; Myanmar; Tenasserim; the Malayan Peninsula; China.

Larva
"Colour dark green, sometimes with a brownish tinge, with a thin dorsal light yellow line from segments 4 to 12 and a narrow yellow supra-spiracular band from the head to the anal end." (Lionel de Nicéville)

Pupa
"The front of the pupa seen from above is absolutely square, the head ending in a broad straight edge; ... thorax somewhat convex and highly carinated along the dorsal line. ...; wings slightly thickened at and behind the shoulder; ... colour light green with the tops on all the carinations yellow, with a black speck on the abdominal peak; the surface of the pupa smooth, somewhat shiny." (de Nicéville)

Habits
It is known to mud-puddle.

Food plant
Celtis tetrandra (Cannabaceae) (de Nicéville)

See also
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Nymphalidae)

Notes

References

External links
Sri Lanka Wild Life Information Database

Libythea
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies described in 1819
Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Godart
Libythea geoffroy

Libythea geoffroy, the purple beak, is a butterfly found in parts of India and Myanmar that belongs to the subfamily Libytheinae of the family Nymphalidae.

Description

Race alompra, Moore.
Male upperside is pale brown. 
Forewing: the cell, basal two-thirds of interspaces 1a, 1, 2 and 3, and the extreme base of interspace 4 suffused with a beautiful pale violescent blue; a curved series of three subquadrate preapical white spots. 
Hindwing: cell suffused with violescent blue extending faintly into interspaces 4, 5 and 6; a faintly-marked dull orange band below the lower apex of cell. Underside pale brown. If ore wing: apex grey, irrorated with minute dark spots; cell with a broad dull orange streak from base, followed by a violescent transverse spot in apex of cell; a large discal dull violescent spot in interspace 2 spreading slightly into interspace 3,. the curved series of three preapical spots as on the upperside but faintly dull violescent. Hindwing greyish brown, irrorated with dark spots and transverse dark striae and shaded with darker brown; the medial dull orange band replaced by a similar pale well-marked baud. Antennae, head and abdomen pale brown; thorax darker brown with a little greenish pubescence posteriorly; beneath, the palpi, thorax and abdomen pale greyish brown.

Female upperside: forewing with the violet area duller and confined to the immediate base of the wing; a quadrate white spot at the end of the discoidal cell; a tripartite subcostal spot; another elongated spot from the third median to the upper discoidal nervule, placed outwardly below it; a large quadrate discal spot, completely tilling the interspace between the first and third median nervules. Hindwing with no violet gloss at the base, otherwise as in the male. Underside: forewing with the cell orange but outwardly terminated by a large white spot; the other spots as on the upperside Hindwing as in the male, but all the markings mores obscure. (After Lionel de Nicéville)

Subspecies
L. g. geoffroy (Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Timor, Wetar)
L. g. antipoda Boisduval, 1859 (New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands)
L. g. batchiana  Wallace, 1869 (Obi, Bachan, Halmahera)
L. g. ceramensis  Wallace, 1869 (Ambon, Serang)
L. g. pulchra  Butler, 1882 (New Britain, Duke of York, New Ireland)
L. g. orientalis  Godman & Salvin, 1888 (Guadalcanal)
L. g. philippina  Staudinger, 1889 (Palawan)
L. g. celebensis  Staudinger, 1889 (Sulawesi, Banggai)
L. g. nicevillei  Olliff, 1891 (Cape York to Cairns)
L. g. sumbensis  Pagenstecher, 1896 (Sumba)
L. g. neopommerana  Pagenstecher, 1896
L. g. alompra  Moore, 1901 (Burma, Borneo)
L. g. deminuta  Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Dammer, Babber, Wetter)
L. g. maenia  Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Waigeu, West Irina - Papua, Yule)
L. g. eugenia Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Kai Island)
L. g. genia Waterhouse, 1938 (north-western Australia)
L. g. howarthi  Petersen, 1968 (Rennell Island)
L. g. eborinus  Samson, 1980 (Solomons: San Cristobal)

Notes

References
 
 
 
 
 
 

Libythea
Butterflies described in 1824
Mowat

Mowat is a surname of Scottish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

 Alex Mowat (1935–1995), Scottish paediatric hepatologist
 Angus Mowat (1892–1977), Canadian librarian, novelist, father of Farley Mowat
 C. L. Mowat (1911–1970), British-born American historian
 Claire Mowat (born 1933), Canadian writer of children's fiction, environmentalist 
 Farley Mowat (1921–2014), Canadian novelist, environmentalist, husband of Claire Mowat
 Henry Mowat (1734–1798), Royal Navy officer
 Jack Mowat (1908-1995), Scottish football referee
 John Bower Mowat (1825–1900), Canadian Presbyterian minister, Queen's University professor
 John McDonald Mowat (1872–1916), Canadian politician, lawyer, World War I officer
 John Mowat (1791–1860), Scottish-born soldier; Canadian merchant, politician and educator
 Oliver Mowat (1820–1903), Canadian politician, Premier of Ontario 1872–1896
 Vicki Mowat, Canadian provincial politician in Saskatchewan

See also
Mowat Block in Toronto
Mowatt

References

Surnames of Scottish origin