alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Zeta Cassiopeiae

Zeta Cassiopeiae, Latinized from ζ Cassiopeiae, and officially named Fulu , is a variable star in the constellation of Cassiopeia. It has a blue-white hue and is classified as a B-type subgiant with an apparent magnitude of +3.66. Based upon parallax measurements, it is approximately 590 light-years from the Sun.

Nomenclature 

ζ Cassiopeiae (Latinised to Zeta Cassiopeiae) is the star's Bayer designation.

In Chinese astronomy, Zeta Cassiopeiae is called 附路, Pinyin: Fùlù, meaning 	Auxiliary Road, because this star is marking itself and standing alone in the Auxiliary Road asterism, Legs (mansion) (see Chinese constellation). 附路 (Fùlù) was westernized into Foo Loo, but that name was also designated for Eta Cassiopeiae by R.H. Allen, with the meaning of "a by-path"  In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Fulu for Zeta Cassiopeiae on 30 June 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.

Properties 

Zeta Cassiopeiae is a B2 subgiant, indicating that it has exhausted its core hydrogen and started to evolve away from the main sequence. It has a temperature of over 20,000 K, is about eight times the mass of the sun, and is 5,500 times as luminous.

Variability 
Zeta Cassiopeiae is a probable member of an unusual group of variable stars known as "Slowly Pulsating B" (SPB) stars. It shows a pulsation frequency of 0.64 per day (or once every 1.56 days) and displays a weak magnetic field with a strength of roughly , which varies with a period of 5.37 days. This likely matches the rotation rate of the star, which, when combined with the low projected rotational velocity, indicates the star may be seen nearly pole-on. Zeta Cassiopeiae is a candidate magnetic Bp star that shows an overabundance of helium. The star contains a randomly oriented fossil magnetic field, which impacts the outflow of the stellar wind. Collisions between streams from this stellar wind creates a shock front, with cooling particles settling toward a co-rotating disk.

References

Cassiopeiae, Zeta
Cassiopeiae, 17
B-type subgiants
Cassiopeia (constellation)
Slowly pulsating B-type stars
0153
003360
002920
BD+53 0105
701 (disambiguation)

701 may refer to:
701, the year
701 series, a Japanese train type
IBM 701, IBM's first commercial computer
IBM ThinkPad 701, a subnotebook series by IBM
701, a common name for the Yamaha Superjet
 Seven-O-One, or 701, a Canadian information television series (1960–1963)
Area code 701 for North Dakota, United States
El Chapo who placed number 701 on the Forbes list of billionaires 2009
Class 701 train, a British train type
Taken (song)

"Taken" is a song by New Zealand band Stellar*, release as the second single from their second album, Magic Line (2001), in January 2002. It became the band's last top-10 single in New Zealand, reaching number six. The single includes a dance remix of "All It Takes" by former Nine Inch Nails member Charlie Clouser as well as an acoustic version of the title track, recorded at the now defunct Helen Young Studios in December 2001.

Background
Vocalist Boh Runga said that she liked the song before Jack Joseph Puig mixed it, but after he did, she liked the song even more, calling it "sexy".

Track listing
New Zealand CD single
 "Taken"
 "All It Takes" (The Charlie Clouser remix)
 "Taken" (acoustic)

Credits and personnel
Credits are lifted from the New Zealand CD single liner notes.

Studios
 Recorded at The Lockup (Sydney, Australia) and Helen Young Studios (Auckland, New Zealand)
 Mixed at Ocean Way Studios (Los Angeles)
 Mastered at Gateway Mastering (Portland, Maine, US)

Personnel

 Boh Runga – writing
 Andrew Maclaren – writing
 Stellar* – production
 Tom Bailey – production
 Malcolm Welsford – additional production
 Jack Joseph Puig – mixing
 Luke Tomes – engineering
 Bob Ludwig – mastering

Charts

References

Stellar (New Zealand band) songs
2001 songs
2002 singles
Songs written by Boh Runga
Primum Mobile

In classical, medieval, and Renaissance astronomy, the Primum Mobile (Latin: "first movable") was the outermost moving sphere in the geocentric model of the universe.

The concept was introduced by Ptolemy to account for the apparent daily motion of the heavens around the Earth, producing the east-to-west rising and setting of the sun and stars, and reached Western Europe via Avicenna.

Appearance and rotation

The Ptolemaic system presented a view of the universe in which apparent motion was taken for real – a viewpoint still maintained in common speech through such everyday terms as moonrise and sunset. Rotation of the Earth on its polar axis – as seen in a heliocentric solar system, which (while anticipated by Aristarchus) was not to be widely accepted until well after Copernicus – leads to what earlier astronomers saw as the real movement of all the heavenly bodies around the Earth every 24 hours.

Astronomers believed that the seven naked-eye planets (including the Moon and the Sun) were carried around the spherical Earth on invisible orbs, while an eighth sphere contained the fixed stars. Motion was provided to the whole system by the Primum Mobile, itself set within the Empyrean, and the fastest moving of all the spheres.

Spherical variations

The total number of celestial spheres was not fixed. In this 16th-century illustration, the firmament (sphere of fixed stars) is eighth, a "crystalline" sphere (posited to account for the reference to "waters ... above the firmament" in Genesis 1:7) is ninth, and the Primum Mobile is tenth. Outside all is the Empyrean, the "habitation of God and all the elect".

Copernicus and after
Copernicus accepted existence of the sphere of the fixed stars, and (more ambiguously) that of the Primum Mobile, as too (initially) did Galileo – though he would later challenge its necessity in a heliocentric system.

Francis Bacon was as sceptical of the Primum Mobile as he was of the rotation of the earth. Once Kepler had made the sun, not the Primum Mobile, the cause of planetary motion, however, the Primum Mobile gradually declined into the realm of metaphor or literary allusion.

Literary references
Dante made the Primum Mobile the ninth of the ten heavens into which he divided his Paradiso.
In Geoffrey Chaucer's "Man of Law's Tale", the Primum Mobile is apostrophized: "O firste moevyng! crueel firmament, / With thy diurnal sweigh that crowdest ay / And hurlest al from est til occident / That naturelly wolde holde another way ..." (ll. 295–298).
W. B. Yeats wrote: "The Primum Mobile that fashioned us / Has made the very owls in circles move."
John Ciardi wrote: "One night I dreamed I was locked in my Father's watch / With Ptolemy and twenty-one ruby stars / Mounted on spheres and the Primum Mobile / Coiled and gleaming to the end of space."

See also
 Firmament
 Unmoved mover

References

Further reading
C. S. Lewis, The Discarded Image (1964)
M. A. Orr, Dante and the Early Astronomers (1956)

Esoteric cosmology
Hermeticism
Early scientific cosmologies
Divine Comedy
Jesse H. Metcalf

Jesse Houghton Metcalf (November 16, 1860October 9, 1942) was an American politician, he served as a United States senator from Rhode Island.

Early life 
Born in Providence, Metcalf was educated in private schools there, studied textile manufacturing in Yorkshire, England, and engaged in textile manufacturing. Metcalf's father, Jesse Metcalf, was a textile manufacturer, and his mother, Helen Adelia Rowe Metcalf, was the co-founder of the Rhode Island School of Design.

Career 
In 1889 Metcalf received a large bequest from his father's business partner, Henry J. Steere. Metcalf served as a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives from 1889 to 1891 and in 1907, and was a member of the Providence Common Council from 1888 to 1892. He was chairman of the Metropolitan Park Commission of Rhode Island from 1909 to 1924, and a member of the penal and charitable board from 1917 to 1923.

In addition, he was president of Rhode Island Hospital, a trustee of the Rhode Island School of Design at Providence and of Brown University, and from 1935 to 1940 a Republican National Committeeman.  He was also a part owner of The Providence Journal.

Metcalf was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate on November 4, 1924, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of LeBaron B. Colt; on the same day he was also elected for the term commencing March 4, 1925. He was reelected in 1930 and served from November 5, 1924, to January 3, 1937; he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1936. He is the last Republican to date to hold Rhode Island's Class 2 Senate seat.

In 1930 he was elected as a Compatriot of the Rhode Island Society of the Sons of the American Revolution.

While in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee on Patents (Sixty-ninth and Seventieth Congresses) and a member of the Committee on Education and Labor (Seventy-first and Seventy-second Congresses).

Death and legacy 
He died in Providence in 1942; interment was in Swan Point Cemetery. The Jesse H. Metcalf Lodge at Camp Yawgoog, the funds for which were donated by his wife, houses the Camp Sandy Beach dining hall and was named in his honor. Metcalf's sister, Eliza Greene Metcalf Radeke, served as president of the Rhode Island School of Design from 1913 to 1931.

In the early 1920's, the logging of ancient Redwood Forests in Northern California nearly extinguished a primordial coastal redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens).  A last ditch conservation effort to preserve a grove of these trees was undertaken following publication of a series of photographs showing the size of these ancient trees.

Within Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, within the Redwoods National Park, there is a plaque that reads the following:
"The Metcalf Grove
This Grove is Given to the State of California 
for the
Preservation of these Ancient Trees
by
Mr. And Mrs. Jesse M. Metcalf
of Rhode Island"
Location:  41.765485, -124.129551

References

External links

 

1860 births
1942 deaths
Republican Party members of the Rhode Island House of Representatives
Republican Party United States senators from Rhode Island
Politicians from Providence, Rhode Island
Burials at Swan Point Cemetery
50 Cassiopeiae

50 Cassiopeiae is a white star in the northern constellation of Cassiopeia. In the past, it had been misidentified as a suspected nebula, and given the number NGC 771. The star is visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of +3.95. Based upon an annual parallax shift of , it is located 157 light years away. It is moving closer, having a heliocentric radial velocity of −18 km/s, and will approach to within  in 1.879 million years.

It is an A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A2 V. It is a suspected variable star with a very small amplitude. 50 Cas has an estimated 2.56 times the mass of the Sun, and about 2.5 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 64 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of around 9,376 K.

The star was the brightest star in the occasionally used 1775 to 19th century constellation Custos Messium, typically drawn as a depiction of Charles Messier standing on top of the giraffe (Camelopardus), between Cepheus and Cassiopeia.

References

External links
 

A-type main-sequence stars
Suspected variables
Cassiopeia (constellation)
BD+71 0117
Cassiopeiae, 50
012216
009598
0580
Jaeger 70

Jaeger 70 (also known as Munson) is a hybrid of two American species of grape, Vitis lincecumii and Vitis rupestris developed by Hermann Jaeger (1844–1895), a Swiss-American who settled in Missouri. He named the successful hybrid for his friend and fellow grape breeder, T.V. Munson. However the grape has become better known by Jaeger's selection number, 70. The grape's primary importance is as the female progenitor of many French - American hybrid grapes in the breeding program run by viticulturist Albert Seibel.

Relationship to other grapes
Jaegar 70 was crossed with the Languedoc-Roussillon wine grape Aramon noir to create the hybrid variety Flot rouge.

References

Grape varieties
Hybrid grape varieties
Samuel J. Potter

Samuel John Potter (June 29, 1753October 14, 1804) was a United States senator from Rhode Island and was a prominent Country Party anti-Federalist leader.

Early life
Potter was born in South Kingstown on June 29, 1753. He was one of seven children born to John Potter (1724–1787) and, his second wife, Elizabeth ( Hazard) Potter (1729–1806). Before his parents marriage, his father was married to Mary Hazard, his mother's elder sister.

His paternal grandparents were Ichabod Potter III and Sarah ( Robinson) Gardiner. His maternal grandparents were Mary ( Robinson) Hazard and Stephen Hazard, a Justice of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas.

Career
Potter completed preparatory studies, studied law, and was admitted to the bar and practiced.  He was deputy governor of Rhode Island from 1790 to 1799 (during which time the office was renamed lieutenant Governor) and again from 1800 to 1803. He was also a presidential elector in 1792 and 1796.

Potter was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. Senate and served from March 4, 1803, until his death in 1804.

Personal life
On September 10, 1788, Potter married Ann Nancy Segar in South Kingstown. Ann was a daughter of Joseph Segar and Mary ( Taylor) Segar. Together, they were the parents of:

 Isaac Fenner Potter (1796–1883), who married Sally Ennis in 1839.

Potter died in Washington, D.C., on October 14, 1804. He was interned in the family burial ground, Kingston (formerly Little Rest), Washington County, Rhode Island.

See also
 List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)

References

External links

1753 births
1804 deaths
1792 United States presidential electors
1796 United States presidential electors
United States senators from Rhode Island
People from South Kingstown, Rhode Island
Rhode Island Democratic-Republicans
Democratic-Republican Party United States senators
Burials in Rhode Island
18th-century American politicians
19th-century American politicians
Mutual standardisation

Mutual Standardisation is a term used within spatial epidemiology to refer to when ecological bias results as a consequence of adjusting disease rates for confounding at the area level but leaving the exposure unadjusted and vice versa. This bias is prevented by adjusting in the same way both the exposure and disease rates. This adjustment is rarely possible as it requires data on within-area distribution of the exposure and confounder variables. (Elliot, 2001)

See also
Outline of public health

References

Elliott, P., J. C. Wakefield, N. G. Best and D. J. Briggs (eds.) 2001. Spatial Epidemiology: Methods and Applications. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Epidemiology
Samuel Potter (drum major)

Samuel L. Potter (1772–1838) was a British drum major in the Band of the Coldstream Guards and an influential fife and drum manual author.

Biography

Potter was born in 1772 and in 1786, at the age of 14, he enlisted in the Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards. In 1800 he published a set of slow marches, waltzes and quicksteps. By 1815, Potter had ascended to the rank of Head Regimental Drum Major. During his service he was unhappy with the training and quality of the musical recruits coming into the regiment. He took it upon himself to write bugle, fife, and drum manuals to train his musicians. In 1817 he published three books: The Art of Beating the Drum; The Art of Playing the Fife and The Bugle Horn Major's Companion. His drum manual was especially influential in both Britain and America, with its legacy easily identified in such works as Walter F. Smith's 1897 manual Instructions for Trumpet and Drum and V.F. Safranek's 1916 publication Complete Instruction Manual for Bugle, Trumpet, and Drum, which both feature drum rudiments and calls that are obviously taken from Potter's work. Potter set up an instrument-making shop in King Street, Westminster in 1810 where he made horns, bugles, drums, trumpets, and fifes for military use under his son Henry's (b. 1810) name. Military rules prevented him from establishing his own company. He resigned from the Guards in 1817 after 30 years of service to run his business. Henry followed his father into the instrument making business and became a well-known flute-maker and owner of Henry Potter & Co. Ltd with his brother William. Samuel's third son George opened his own military instrument making shop and founded the company George Potter & Co., which bought his brothers' business in 1918 and continues to produce instruments in Aldershot under the Henry Potter name.

Publications
 A Sett of New Slow Marches, Waltzes, and Quicksteps for Fifes and Bugle Horns etc.
 Method for Playing the Fife
 The Art of Beating the Drum
 The Art of Playing the Fife
 The Bugle Horn Major's Companion

References 

1772 births
1838 deaths
19th-century male musicians
Punk Goes Acoustic

Punk Goes Acoustic is the third album in the Punk Goes... series and the first installment in the Punk Goes Acoustic series created by Fearless Records. It contains a collection of both previously released and unreleased songs by various artists performing acoustically. It was packaged with a bonus CD showcasing acts on the Fearless and Victory record labels. The album was released on October 21, 2003. This was the first Punk Goes... album to deviate from the theme of performing cover songs, though it was not the first to feature an original song, following The Aquabats "Why Rock?" on Punk Goes Metal. As of 2019, there are a total of three albums in the franchise.

Track listing

Bonus CD
"Onto Morning Stars" – Anatomy of a Ghost (Fearless Records)
"Still Standing" – Rock Kills Kid (Fearless Records)
"New Way to Dance" – The Kinison (Fearless Records)
"Anything" – Plain White T's (Fearless Records)
"Taking It All Back" – Count the Stars (Victory Records)
"Shevanel Take 2" – Between the Buried and Me (Victory Records)
"I Loved the Way She Said L.A." – Spitalfield (Victory Records)
"Giving Up" – Silverstein (Victory Records)

References

Covers albums
Punk Goes series
2003 compilation albums
Benjamin Howland

Benjamin Howland (July 27, 1755May 1, 1821) was a United States senator from Rhode Island. Born in Tiverton, he attended the common schools, engaged in agricultural pursuits, was collector of taxes in 1801, town auditor in 1802, and town moderator in 1805. He was a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives in 1810 and a general in the State militia during the War of 1812.

Howland was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Samuel J. Potter and served from October 29, 1804, until March 3, 1809. He died in Tiverton in 1821; interment was in the family lot on his estate.

References

1755 births
1821 deaths
People from Tiverton, Rhode Island
American militiamen in the War of 1812
Members of the Rhode Island House of Representatives
United States senators from Rhode Island
Rhode Island Democratic-Republicans
Democratic-Republican Party United States senators
American militia generals
Rearrangement

Rearrangement may refer to:

Chemistry 
 Rearrangement reaction

Mathematics 
 Rearrangement inequality
 The Riemann rearrangement theorem, also called the Riemann series theorem
 see also Lévy–Steinitz theorem
 A permutation  of the terms of a conditionally convergent series

Genetics 
 Chromosomal rearrangements, such as:
 Translocations
 Ring chromosomes
 Chromosomal inversions
Kappa Cassiopeiae

Kappa Cassiopeiae (κ Cas, κ Cassiopeiae) is a star in the constellation Cassiopeia.

κ Cassiopeiae has an unusual spectrum that has anomalously weak nitrogen lines, taken as an actual nitrogen deficiency in the atmosphere.  This is indicated by the modified letter C on the assumption that it is also carbon-rich, although this might not actually be the case.  It is also interpolated to BC0.7, being slightly hotter than a standard B1 star.

κ Cassiopeiae is assumed to be a member of the Cassiopeia OB14 stellar association (Cas OB14) and treated as being at a distance of about , while its distance found from the Hipparcos parallax is about 1,400 parsecs.  Its Gaia parallaxes are somewhat uncertain due to the brightness of the star, but a modern determination of the distance to Cas OB14 is .

It is classified as an Alpha Cygni type variable star and its brightness varies by a few hundredths of a magnitude.  Periods of two hours, 2.65 days, and nine days have been reported from observations at different times.

It is a runaway star, moving at around 2.5 million mph relative to its neighbors (1,100 kilometers per second).  Its magnetic field and wind of particles creates a visible bow shock 4 light-years ahead of it, colliding with the diffuse, and usually invisible, interstellar gas and dust. This is about the same distance that Earth is from Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun. The dimensions of the bow shock are vast: around 12 light-years long and 1.8 light-years wide.

References

Alpha Cygni variables
Cassiopeiae, Kappa
Cassiopeiae, 15
B-type supergiants
Cassiopeia (constellation)
Runaway stars
0130
002905
002599
BD+62 0102
Grebo languages

Grebo is a dialect cluster of the Kru languages, spoken by the Grebo people of present-day Liberia and the Krumen of Ivory Coast in West Africa.

Definition
The first African tribal group contacted by European explorers and Americo-Liberian colonists reaching the area of Cape Palmas were the Seaside Grebo, or Glebo. The colonists came to refer to their language as Grebo.  In the absence of other qualification, the term Grebo language refers to the Glebo speech variety.

Considerable ambiguity and imprecision continue to exist with respect to the scholarly use of the term Grebo; it is not always clear precisely which variety it is intended to denote. If it is being used as a group term, it is not always clear what is to be included in the group.  This imprecision results from several factors:
The incompleteness of the data; 
Lack of rigor in the classification methodology; and
The speech area involved is a language continuum.

Ethnologue classification
Ethnologue subdivides the Grebo branch of Western Kru into nine coded languages based on the needs of literacy, several consisting of divergent dialects with strong ethnocentric identities.

Glio-Oubi
Krumen (3 languages in Côte d'Ivoire) 
Grebo proper (5 languages)

Any of the twenty-five or more dialects in the group is likely to be called (a variety of) Grebo.

Multilingualism
A degree of bilingualism / bidialectalism is normal in such a context, but so is the commonly observed thrust for autonomy. Factors such as exogamy and the needs of commerce foster intercommunication strategies.  Because of the emphasis on the need for communication, the degree of inter-intelligibility of the varieties appears to be less than if they were considered in isolation.

Diglossia (extended or not), often with Liberian (Pidgin) English, provides an additional dimension to the complexity described above.

References

Bibliography
Innes, Gordon. 1966. An Introduction to Grebo. London: Luzac.
Innes, Gordon. 1967. A Grebo-English dictionary. (West African Language Monographs, 6) London: Cambridge University Press.
Ingemann, Frances, and John Duitsman. "A Survey of Grebo Dialects in Liberia," Liberian Studies Journal, 7(2):121-131, 1976.
Greenberg, Joseph H., The Languages of Africa. Indiana Univ. Press, 1966).
Hasselbring, Sue and Eric Johnson. A sociolinguistic survey of the Grebo language area of Liberia. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2002-074, 2002.  Online version:  .
Payne, John. 1867. A Dictionary of the Grebo Language. Philadelphia: King and Baird.

External links
US Navy map of Maryland in Liberia, 1853. 

 
Languages of Liberia
Kru languages
The Grease Megamix

"The Grease Megamix" is a megamix released in 1990 to commemorate the video release of Grease. The single was credited to John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John and released via Polydor Records. It was created by Phil Harding and Ian Curnow for PWL by the request of Polydor Records, who supplied copies of the original multi-track recordings. The megamix topped the charts of Australia and Spain and became a top-five hit in Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United Kingdom.

Reception
The megamix featured the three biggest hits from the Grease soundtrack: "You're the One That I Want", "Greased Lightnin'" and "Summer Nights". The song peaked at number one in Australia and remained there for five weeks in May 1991. It was the third-highest-selling single there in 1991.

Re-release
"The Grease Megamix" was re-released on the 1996 compilation CD Pure Disco.  To promote the compilation, Polydor issued promotional CD singles of the Megamix to US radio stations, which propelled it to number 12 in airplay.  The single was not released commercially in the US, which made it ineligible to chart on the Billboard Hot 100; it did reach the top 40 on three of Billboard's radio format airplay charts.

The megamix re-emerged for the 20th Anniversary celebrations of the Grease movie in 1998. The Grease (The Remix EP) featured the megamix, a remix of "You're the One That I Want", a remix of "Summer Nights'", and the original versions of both songs.

Track listings
7-inch and cassette single
 "The Grease Megamix"
 "Alone at the Drive-in-Movie" (instrumental)

12-inch single
A1. "The Grease Megamix"
B1. "Alone at the Drive-in-Movie" (instrumental)
B2. "Love Is a Many Splendored Thing" (instrumental)

CD single
 "The Grease Megamix" (7-inch version)
 "The Grease Megamix" (12-inch version)
 "Alone at the Drive-in-Movie" (instrumental)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

External links
 pwlfromthefactoryfloor.com - Official Website of Phil Harding's Book - PWL From The Factory Floor - Expanded Edition and CD: Phil Harding Club Mixes of the 80s
 
 http://www.discogs.com/John-Travolta-Olivia-Newton-John-The-Grease-Megamix/release/1777953

John Travolta songs
Olivia Newton-John songs
1990 singles
Music medleys
Number-one singles in Australia
Number-one singles in Spain
Songs from Grease (musical)
Songs written by Jim Jacobs
Songs written by John Farrar
Songs written by Warren Casey
Juvenile (organism)

A juvenile is an individual organism (especially an animal) that has not yet reached its adult form, sexual maturity or size. Juveniles can look very different from the adult form, particularly in colour, and may not fill the same niche as the adult form. In many organisms the juvenile has a different name from the adult (see List of animal names).

Some organisms reach sexual maturity in a short metamorphosis, such as ecdysis in many insects and some other arthropods. For others, the transition from juvenile to fully mature is a more prolonged process—puberty in humans and other species (like higher primates and whales), for example. In such cases, juveniles during this transformation are sometimes called subadults.

Many invertebrates cease development upon reaching adulthood. The stages of such invertebrates are larvae or nymphs.

In vertebrates and some invertebrates (e.g. spiders), larval forms (e.g. tadpoles) are usually considered a development stage of their own, and "juvenile" refers to a post-larval stage that is not fully grown and not sexually mature. In amniotes, the embryo represents the larval stage. Here, a "juvenile" is an individual in the time between hatching/birth/germination and reaching maturity.

Examples
 For animal larval juveniles, see larva
 Juvenile birds or bats can be called fledglings
 For cat juveniles, see kitten
 For dog juveniles, see puppy
 For human juvenile life stages, see childhood and adolescence, an intermediary period between the onset of puberty and full physical, psychological, and social adulthood

References

Developmental biology

pt:Filhote
Rob Townsend

Rob Townsend (born 7 July 1947) is an English rock and blues drummer. He was the drummer for progressive rock band Family and later The Blues Band.

Biography
Townsend was born in Frog Island, Leicester, England, where he spent his teenage years playing in various bands, such as the Beatniks, Broodly Hoo and Legay. He became drummer for Family, replacing Harry Overnall in 1967. Family broke up in 1973 and Townsend joined Medicine Head. After eighteen months he left Medicine Head and spent much of the late 1970s as freelance session drummer for Peter Skellern, George Melly and Bill Wyman amongst others. During this time he played drums for Kevin Ayers and Charlie Whitney's Axis Point.

In 1982 Townsend joined The Blues Band, in a line up including Paul Jones, guitarists Dave Kelly and Tom McGuinness also bassist Gary Fletcher. He has also appeared with Jones and McGuinness in the Manfred Mann splinter band The Manfreds.

Townsend once said in an interview:

Townsend mentioned jazz greats Buddy Rich and Gene Krupa as influences in the same interview.

Notes

Further reading
Rob Townsend interview with Mark Forster
Rawlings, Terry. Then, now and rare British beat 1960-1969. Omnibus press (2002). 
Buckley, Peter. The rough guide to rock. Rough Guides (2003). 
Larkin, Colin. The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Guinness (1992). Item notes ver 2. Digitized (19 June 2007). 
Strong, Martin Charles and Peel, John. The Great Rock Discography. Canongate US (2004). 7th edition.

External links
Strange Band: The Family Home Page

Family (band) members
1947 births
Living people
English rock drummers
Musicians from Leicester
The Manfreds members
The Blues Band members
The Poseidon Adventure

The Poseidon Adventure may refer to:

The Poseidon Adventure (novel), an American adventure novel by Paul Gallico, published in 1969
Film adaptations of the novel:
The Poseidon Adventure (1972), directed by Ronald Neame
Beyond the Poseidon Adventure (1979), the sequel to the 1972 film, directed by  Irwin Allen 
The Poseidon Adventure (2005), directed by John Putch
Poseidon (2006), directed by Wolfgang Petersen

See also

 
 
 Poseidon (disambiguation)
Pat Harrington Sr.

Daniel Patrick Harrington Sr. (February 6, 1901 – September 2, 1965) was a Canadian actor.

Biography
Born Daniel Patrick Harrington in Montreal, Quebec, he made his Broadway debut in Panama Hattie in 1940. Additional Broadway credits included the patriotic revue Star and Garter (1942), The Front Page (1946), Call Me Madam (1950) and Sunday in New York (1961). He also appeared on the early television series A Couple of Joes (1949) and Wonderful John Acton (1953).

He was the father of actor Pat Harrington Jr.

External links

1901 births
1965 deaths
Canadian male stage actors
Canadian male television actors
Male actors from Montreal
20th-century Canadian male actors
Canadian expatriate male actors in the United States
USS Stalwart

USS Stalwart may refer to the following ships operated by the United States Navy:

 , an Acme-class coastal minesweeper later redesignated Unclassified Miscellaneous Auxiliary (IX-231); commissioned from 1942–1946.
 , an Aggressive-class minesweeper, AM-493, redesignated ocean minesweeper (MSO-493); commissioned from 1957–1966.
 , a modified tactical auxiliary general ocean surveillance ship; commissioned from 1984–2002; as of 2006, Stalwart is a training ship owned by State University of New York Maritime College

See also

References

United States Navy ship names
Yellow Quill First Nation

Yellow Quill First Nation ()(formerly Nut Lake Band of Saulteaux) is a Saulteaux First Nation band government in Saskatchewan, Canada. Their reserve is twenty kilometres northwest of Kelvington.  The Yellow Quill First Nation is a signatory of Treaty No. 4, which was signed by Chief Yellow-quill on August 24, 1876.

Total registered population in October 2007, was 2522, of which the on-reserve population was 800+ members, and off-reserve population was 1600+ members.  The First Nation is a member of the Saskatoon Tribal Council and have their urban offices in Saskatoon as well as their Tribal Council offices.

History 
The First Nation was originally part of the Yellow-quill Saulteaux Band, a Treaty Band named after a Treaty 4 signatory Chief Ošāwaškokwanēpi, whose name means "Green/Blue-quill."  However, due to "š" merging with "s" in Nakawēmowin (Saulteaux language), this led to a mistranslation of his name as "Yellow-quill"—"yellow" being osāw-, while "green/blue" being ošāwaško- (or osāwasko- in Saulteaux).  Soon after the death of Chief Ošāwaškokwanēpi, the Band divided into three groups, of which the central division about Nut Lake became the Nut Lake Band of Saulteaux, located on the Nut Lake Indian Reserve.  In 1989, the Band changed their name to "Yellowquill"—one word—in honour the founding chief; however, when their post office opened in 1993, it was named as "Yellow Quill"—two words.

Reserves
The First Nation have reserved for themselves four reserves:
  Yellowquill Indian Reserve 90 (formerly Nut Lake Indian Reserve 90), which serves as their main Reserve, containing the community of Yellow Quill.
  Yellow Quill Indian Reserve 90-8
  Yellow Quill Indian Reserve 90-18
  Treaty Four Reserve Grounds 77, which is shared with 32 other First Nations.

In addition, there are  in newly acquired Treaty Land Entitlement lands.

Governance 
Yellow Quill have an elected tribal council consisting of a chief and seven councillors.  The current council for the three-year-long electoral term ending on November 26, 2020 consists of Chief John Machiskinic and Councilors Joseph Crowe, Bernard Kishayinew,  Agnes Whitehead, Myron Neapetung, Tyrone Peeace, Dean Severight, and Pauline Whitehead.

Services 
Yellow Quill operates Yellow Quill Health Centre, Nawigizigweyas School (K-12), Yellow Quill Daycare, Robert Neapetung Memorial Water Treatment Plant, Yellow Quill Store, and the Band Office, all of which are on reserve.

References

External links

Anishinaabe reserves in Canada
Rheniite

Rheniite is a very rare rhenium sulfide mineral with the chemical formula (). It forms metallic, silver grey platey crystals in the triclinic - pinacoidal class. It has a specific gravity of 7.5.

It was discovered at the Kudriavy Volcano, Iturup Island in the Kurile Islands, Russia and approved in 2004. It is found in active hot fumaroles on the volcano.

Rheniite is one of the first minerals of the element rhenium to be found. The other known approved rhenium mineral is the sulfide mineral tarkianite. Almost all commercially mined rhenium is retrieved as a by-product of molybdenum mining as rhenium occurs in amounts up to 0.2% in the mineral molybdenite. A discredited rhenium sulfide known as zappinite does not appear to be valid.

Rheniite has also been reported in the Pagoni Rachi Mo–Cu–Te–Ag–Au deposit in northeastern Greece where it occurs with molybdenite in quartz veins associated with an epithermal system in a dacite porphyry.

References

Mineral galleries

Sulfide minerals
Rhenium minerals
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Minerals described in 2005
Ophelia Benson

Ophelia Benson (born 1948) is an American author, editor, blogger, and feminist. Benson is the editor of the website Butterflies and Wheels and a columnist and former associate editor of The Philosophers' Magazine. She is also a columnist for Free Inquiry.

Her books and website aim to defend objectivity and scientific truth against what she sees as threats to rational thinking posed by religious fundamentalism, pseudoscience, wishful thinking, postmodernism, relativism, and "the tendency of the political Left to subjugate the rational assessment of truth-claims to the demands of a variety of pre-existing political and moral frameworks". Her website is called Butterflies and Wheels because, according to the website itself, "Mary Midgley borrowed Alexander Pope’s witticism about breaking a butterfly upon a wheel, only she did it wrong."

Background
Benson was born in New Jersey, and attended university in the United States, before working in a variety of jobs, including being a zookeeper for several years, before becoming an author.

Published works
In 2004, Benson co-authored The Dictionary of Fashionable Nonsense with Jeremy Stangroom. It is a satire on post-modernism, modern jargon and anti-rationalist thinking in contemporary academia. The Times Literary Supplement said "With wit and invention, Benson and Stangroom take us through the checklist argot that so often litters postmodern texts."

In 2006, Benson and Stangroom published Why Truth Matters, which examines the "spurious claims made for creationism, Holocaust denial, misinterpretation of evolutionary biology, identity history, science as mere social construct, and other 'paradigms' that prop up the habit of shaping our findings according to what we want to find".

In 2009, Benson co-authored Does God Hate Women? with Stangroom. The book explores the oppression of women in the name of religious and cultural norms, and how these issues play out both in the community and in the political arena.

References

External links
 Butterflies and Wheels website
 Freethought Blogs former website

Interviews
 Interview with 3:AM Magazine, January 31, 2007
 Interview with Point of Inquiry, July 20, 2007
 Interview with The Freethinker, May 16, 2008

Living people
American women bloggers
American bloggers
American feminist writers
Atheist feminists
Critics of postmodernism
Writers from New Jersey
Women's rights support from the irreligious
20th-century atheists
21st-century atheists
American atheism activists
American women non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American women writers
1948 births
Henry Briggs (politician)

Sir Henry Briggs (17 March 1844 – 8 June 1919), Australian politician, was a Member of the Western Australian Legislative Council for 23 years, and its President for 13 years.

Life
Born in Kettering, Northamptonshire, England on 17 March 1844, Henry Briggs was the son of shoemaker George Briggs and Sarah née Tibbutt. He was educated at Kettering National School and later at St. Mark's College in Chelsea where he was a Queen's Scholar. He became a lecturer on scientific matters for the South Kensington Museum, and was headmaster of Mottram Grammar School from 1868 to 1878. In 1878 the board of governors sent him to Western Australia to found the Fremantle Grammar School. He became the school's headmaster from its establishment in 1885 until 1889, when he resigned to open his own school. The governors of his old school were presented with Briggs leaving and all the pupils following him. He later purchased the Fremantle Grammar School and returned as its headmaster until 1897.  (The grammar school closed in 1905 and that was put down to Briggs' interest in politics.)

Briggs became secretary of the Fremantle Chamber of Commerce in 1883, holding the position until 1895.  In that year he became a Justice of the Peace. On 30 June 1896, Briggs was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Council for the West Province in a by-election occasioned by the resignation of Edward Davies. He became heavily involved in the Federation movement, becoming president of the Fremantle branch of the Australian Federation League, and representing Western Australia at a series of federal conventions, including the National Australasian Convention in Adelaide in 1897, and the Australasian Federal Conventions in Sydney in 1897 and Melbourne in 1898. On 7 June 1900 he was appointed Chairman of Committees in the Legislative Council, holding the office until 20 June 1906, when he was promoted to President of the Legislative Council. He would hold the presidency until his death 13 years later.

Briggs' contributions during his parliamentary career include examining a scheme of commercial qualifications in 1904, and being a member of the 1910 Royal Commission into the establishment of the University of Western Australia. He was also a member of the committee on technical education, a trustee of the Western Australian public library, museum and art gallery, and a prominent freemason.

In 1916, Briggs was knighted for his work as President of the Legislative Council. He died, unmarried, on 8 June 1919, and was buried in Fremantle Cemetery.

References

1844 births
1919 deaths
Australian schoolteachers
Briffs, Henry
Chairmen of Committees of the Western Australian Legislative Council
Schoolteachers from Cheshire
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council
People from Kettering
Presidents of the Western Australian Legislative Council
Australian federationists
British emigrants to the Colony of Western Australia
Colony of Western Australia people
Return to the Keep on the Borderlands

Return to the Keep on the Borderlands is a 1999 adventure module for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.  It is a sequel to the original The Keep on the Borderlands module (B2) from 1979.  Both modules were published by TSR, Inc.

Background
Although the original B2 publication was generic in terms of setting, the 1999 "Return" publication retroactively placed the Keep in the World of Greyhawk campaign setting, specifically in the southwestern Yeomanry.

The events depicted in the sequel take place approximately 20 years after those in the original B2 module.  It is nevertheless an introductory adventure intended for low-level characters.

Plot summary
Return to the Keep on the Borderlands was set twenty years after the events of the original module, and featured a fully re-stocked Caves of Chaos.

Publication history
Return to the Keep on the Borderlands was written by John D. Rateliff, and published by TSR in June 1999.

Several supplements were released in 1999 to update some of the most popular of TSR's Dungeons & Dragons adventures, including Against the Giants: The Liberation of Geoff (1999), Dragonlance Classics 15th Anniversary Edition (1999), Ravenloft (1999), Return to the Keep on the Borderlands (1999) and Return to White Plume Mountain (1999).

Reception
Andrew Byers, in his review of the adventure for Pyramid, commented that "much of this module is a dungeon crawl, but it's an intelligently designed one, with a fleshed-out base of operations for adventurers, an interesting wilderness environment, and some very good characterization of non-player characters. It could easily provide the basis for an extended campaign for low-level adventurers." Byers stated "If you're not nostalgic about the early days of D&D ... don't buy this book. But if you're interested in reliving (or experiencing for the first time) those first few roleplaying adventures... I don't think you'll be disappointed."

References

Gygax, E. Gary. The Keep on the Borderlands. (TSR, 1979).
Rateliff, John D. Return to the Keep on the Borderlands. (TSR, 1999).

External links
Repair of the Keep on the Borderlands Russ Taylor's attempts to make RttKotB mesh with Greyhawk canon
Return to the Keep on the Borderlands at the TSR Archive

Dungeons & Dragons modules
Greyhawk modules
Role-playing game supplements introduced in 1999
Madhu

Madhu (Sanskrit: ) is a word used in several Indo-Aryan languages meaning honey or sweet. It is ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu, whence English mead.

Metaphorical use
Madhu has been used for millennia since the Rigveda (1500–1000 BCE) in a similar metaphorical sense as wine is in English, e.g. "the wine of truth", and employed in that manner in Hindu religious literature. For example, the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, believed to have been composed in the first millennium BCE, contains a chapter called the Madhu Brahmana, and "the secret essence of the Vedas themselves, was called the Madhu-vidya or 'honey doctrine'".

Various opinions
There are different opinions surrounding the word Madhu. Some scholars date metaphorical usage of madhu to a time very close to the initial composition of the Vedas. Soma, the shared sacred drink of the Indo-Iranians (known as haoma in Avestan), is often metaphorically referred to as madhu in the Vedas. However, "the Avesta, which is quite close to the Veda with regard to the terminology of Soma, does not know the equation 'Soma' = 'madhu'."

In Rigveda 8.48.1 and Rigveda 8.48.3, in the book of soma, soma is clearly addressed and explained as madhu.

Usage in names
The derivative form Madhur is used as a Hindu first-name for males and Madhu is a first-name common among males, although both names can occur for either gender. Madhuri is a common feminine variant of Madhur. The word madhur is a combination of madhu (honey/sweet) and -r/-ra (like or similar). Several other names are based on the root madhu, such as Madhukar, Madhusudhan, Madhulika and Madhubala.

See also
Kvasir, a wise being in Norse mythology born from the spit of the gods and from whose blood the Mead of Poetry is crafted

References

Honey
Given names
Historical alcoholic drinks
Sanskrit words and phrases
Asher Robbins

Asher Robbins (also known as Ashur Robbins; October 26, 1761February 25, 1845) was a United States senator from Rhode Island.

Early life
Born in Wethersfield, Connecticut on October 26, 1761, he graduated from Yale College in 1782, was a tutor at Rhode Island College (now Brown University) from 1782 to 1790, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1792 and began practice in Providence, Rhode Island.

Politics 
He moved to Newport in 1795, was appointed United States district attorney in 1812, and was a member of the Rhode Island Assembly from 1818 to 1825.

Robbins was elected as Adams (later Anti-Jacksonian and then Whig) to the U.S. Senate in 1825 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James De Wolf; he was reelected in 1827 and 1833 and served from October 31, 1825, to March 3, 1839. While in the Senate, he was chairman of the Committee on Engrossed Bills (Twenty-second Congress).

Later life 
After his time in the Senate, Robbins was again a member of the State assembly (1840–1841) and was postmaster of Newport from 1841 until his death in that city in 1845; interment was in the Common Burial Ground. His daughter was the poet Sophia Louise Little.

References

External links 

 A Statement of Some Leading Principles and Measures Adopted by General Jackson written by Robbins and others 
 

1761 births
1845 deaths
People from Wethersfield, Connecticut
People of colonial Connecticut
Rhode Island National Republicans
Rhode Island Whigs
National Republican Party United States senators from Rhode Island
Whig Party United States senators from Rhode Island
Members of the Rhode Island General Assembly
United States Attorneys for the District of Rhode Island
Rhode Island lawyers
Yale College alumni
Burials at Common Burying Ground and Island Cemetery
19th-century American lawyers
Rhode Island postmasters
Apartment (disambiguation)

An apartment is a self-contained housing unit that occupies only part of a building.

Apartment may also refer to:

Film and television 
Apartment (film), a 2010 Bollywood film
The Apartment, a 1960 American film
The Apartment (1996 film), a French film directed by Gilles Mimouni
The Apartment (2023 film), a Paraguayan film directed by Michael Kovich Jr.
The Apartment (TV series), an Asian reality television series
"The Apartment" (Brooklyn Nine-Nine), a 2014 television episode
"The Apartment" (Full House), a 1993 television episode
"The Apartment" (New Girl), a 2016 television episode
"The Apartment" (Seinfeld), a 1991 television episode
Shinbi Apartment known as Shinbi (), a Tooniverse animated television series

Music

Bands and albums 
Apartment (Bristol band), an English post-punk band 1978–1980
Apartment (London band), an English alternative rock band 2005–2010
The Apartments, an Australian indie band
The Apartment (album), by Dexter Gordon, 1974

Songs 
"Apartment" (Kate Miller-Heidke song), 2006
"Apartment" (Young the Giant song), 2012
"Apartment", by Custard from Wisenheimer, 1995
"Apartment", by Seaway from Vacation, 2017
"Apartment", by Shirley Bassey from The Performance, 2009
 Apartment House 1776, a composition by John Cage

Other uses 
Apartment (novel), a 2020 novel by Teddy Wayne
apartment, the name of a concept to handle threading in COM