alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
HD 94510

HD 94510 is a single star in the southern constellation of Carina, positioned near the northern constellation border with Vela. It has the Bayer designation u Carinae; HD 94520 is the identifier from the Henry Draper Catalogue. This object has an orange hue and is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude that fluctuates around +3.78. The star is located at a distance of 95 light-years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +8 km/s.

This is a K-type star in the subgiant stage with a stellar classification of K0IV, which indicates it has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and is evolving into a giant. HD 94510 is a suspected variable star with a brightness that has been measured varying from magnitude 3.75 down to 3.80. It has an estimated 1.60 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to nearly eight times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 31 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of .

References

K-type subgiants
Carina (constellation)
Carinae, u
Durchmusterung objects
0404.1
094510
053253
4257
Zirconium(IV) silicate

Zirconium silicate, also zirconium orthosilicate, ZrSiO4, is a chemical compound, a silicate of zirconium. It occurs in nature as zircon, a silicate mineral. Powdered zirconium silicate is also known as zircon flour.

Zirconium silicate is usually colorless, but impurities induce various colorations. It is insoluble in water, acids, alkali and aqua regia. Hardness is 7.5 on the Mohs scale.

Structure and bonding
Zircon consists of 8-coordinated Zr4+ centers linked to tetrahedral orthosilicate SiO44- sites.  The oxygen atoms are all triply bridging, each with the environment OZr2Si.  Given its highly crosslinked structure, the material is hard, and hence prized as gemstone and abrasive.

Zr(IV) is a d0 ion.  Consequently the material is colorless and diamagnetic.

Production
Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as mineral zircon. Concentrated sources of zircon are rare.  It is mined from sand deposits and separated by gravity.  Some sands contain a few percent of zircon.

It can also be synthesized by fusion of SiO2 and ZrO2 in an arc furnace, or by reacting a zirconium salt with sodium silicate in an aqueous solution.

Uses
As of 1995, the annual consumption of zirconium silicate  was nearly 1M tons.  The major applications exploit its refractory nature and resistance to corrosion by alkali materials. Two end-uses are for enamels, and ceramic glazes. In enamels and glazes it serves as an opacifier. It can be also present in some cements.

Another use of zirconium silicate is as beads for milling and grinding.

Thin films of zirconium silicate and hafnium silicate produced by chemical vapor deposition, most often MOCVD, can be used as a high-k dielectric as a replacement for silicon dioxide in semiconductors.

Zirconium silicates have also been studied for potential use in medical applications. For example, ZS-9 is a zirconium silicate that was designed specifically to trap potassium ions over other ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

Toxicity
Zirconium silicate is an abrasive irritant for skin and eyes. Chronic exposure to dust can cause pulmonary granulomas, skin inflammation, and skin granuloma. However, there are no known adverse effects for normal, incidental ingestion.

References

Silicates
Zirconium compounds
Refractory materials
High-κ dielectrics
Stephen Brewer

Stephen Brewer is an American politician who served in the Massachusetts Senate from 1997 to 2015.

Early life
Stephen Brewer was born on February 10, 1948, in Worcester, MA. 
He was raised in the town of Barre, Massachusetts. He received his B.A. from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1971, and his M.A. from Assumption College in 1974.

Political career
Brewer started his political career on the Barre Board of Selectmen, where he served from 1977 to 1984, eventually becoming the board's chairman. He also worked as an aide to state Senator Robert D. Wetmore from 1980 to 1988. He became a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1989 and moved onto the Massachusetts Senate in 1997, where he served until his retirement in January 2015.

In the state Senate he represented the Worcester, Hampden, Hampshire, and Franklin District. As the Senate Chair for the Joint Committee on Veterans and Federal Affairs, Brewer was instrumental in the passing of the Welcome Home Bill, a comprehensive package for recent combat veterans to come home to as they transition back to civilian life. He also chaired the Senate Committee on Bills in the Third Reading and served as Vice-Chair of the Joint Public Safety and Homeland Security Committee.

On October 14, 2011, Sen. Brewer opposed a budget amendment by state Rep. James J. Lyons, Jr. (R-Andover) that would have required the Massachusetts Department of Health and Human Services to give a public accounting on state benefits given to immigrants, both documented and undocumented. The amendment died in the resolution phase of the Senate and House versions. Sen. Brewer said, "It was not a Senate priority. I think it needs further study."

Brewer retired from the Senate at the end of his term in January 2015.

Personal life
Brewer practices Catholicism. As of 2009 he resides in Barre with his wife Valerie and two daughters, April and Audrey.

References

Living people
People from Barre, Massachusetts
Democratic Party Massachusetts state senators
University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni
Assumption University (Worcester) alumni
Democratic Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
1948 births
C3C

"C3C" is an abbreviation that can stand for:

Cadet Third Class, the rank of a cadet in their second (sophomore) year at the United States Air Force Academy
Civilization III: Conquests, an expansion for the computer game Civilization III
C1C

C1C is an abbreviation that can stand for:

 Cadet First Class, the rank of a cadet in his or her fourth and final (senior) year at the United States Air Force Academy
Ban Ta Khun district

Ban Ta Khun (, ) is an amphoe in western Surat Thani province, southern Thailand. It is the largest district of the province and has the lowest population density.

Geography
Most of the district is in the hills of the Phuket Range, with parts being protected in Khao Sok National Park and the Khlong Saeng Wildlife Sanctuary. Mostly in Ranong Province is the Khlong Nakha Wildlife Sanctuary, which occupies the northwestern corner of the district.

The main river of the district is the Khlong Saeng, which is dammed by the Ratchaprapha Dam to form the Cheow Lan reservoir. It empties near the town Khao Wong into the Phum Duang River.

Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise): Tha Chang, Vibhavadi, Khiri Rat Nikhom and Phanom of Surat Thani; Khura Buri of Phang Nga province; and Suk Samran and Kapoe of Ranong province.

History

The district was created on 20 July 1973 as a minor district (king amphoe) by splitting off five tambons from Khiri Rat Nikhom.

On 9 September 1976 the minor district was elevated to full district status.

The fifth tambon Krai Son (ไกรสร) was later merged into Khao Phang, as it was in the area flooded by Cheow Lan lake.

Symbols
The slogan of the district is "High mountains, beautiful dam, rich in fruits, outstanding virtue, origin of the trunks for the city pillar".

Administration
The district is divided into four tambons, which are further subdivided into 29 villages (mubans). There are two sub-district municipalities (thesaban tambon): Khao Wong (to be renamed Ban Ta Khun) covers 7.8 km2 of tambon Khao Wong, and Khao Pang 10.1 km2 of tambon Khao Pang. Each of the four tambons, except the areas covered by the municipalities, is administered by a tambon administrative organization (TAO).

References

External links
amphoe.com
Website of district ((2009-10-25) (Thai)

Ban Ta Khun
Mehad Hamad

Mehad Hamad Mehad (), is an Emirati artist and singer.

Career
Hamad mainly interprets traditional Emirati songs, often accomplished by an oud. He is well known in the United Arab Emirates for his songs about the desert and his patriotic songs.

Hamad has introduced new Khaliji-style songs, like "Ya Habibi". He has also worked with Tyrese Gibson, and has set the words of Ousha bint Khalifa Al Suwaidi to music.

Discography

Albums

2014: La Tardini Hudud

Top songs
2015: Laish Ana As'al
2014: Bargen Laa7
1999: Khams el 7awas
1998: Taal Laily
1997: mar7ba b6aresh
1997: 
1996: yoom alwdaa3
1994: Tedalal
1992: La TeThaKeRny Be7BeK
1990: Wada3tkum
1989: Basmtek

References

External links
 Mehad Hamad Official Site

Emirati male singers
Living people
People from the Emirate of Sharjah
Year of birth missing (living people)
European route E11

European route E11 is a road, part of the International E-road network. It begins in Orléans and ends in Béziers, France. It is  long, its whole length being in France. 

It takes up the entire French autoroutes A71 and A75.

The road uses the highest major road bridge in Europe, and the second highest in the world, the Millau Viaduct,  long and  high from ground to road. The route also passes (but does not cross) the Viaduc de Garabit, which was built in the 1880s by Gustave Eiffel.

External links 
 UN Economic Commission for Europe: Overall Map of E-road Network (2007)

11
E011
Casa (Natalia y La Forquetina album)

Casa is the second studio album by Mexican pop-rock singer Natalia Lafourcade, using the name of her band, Natalia y La Forquetina. Casa was released in Mexico on 30 August 2005 by Sony BMG Music Entertainment Mexico. It won Best Rock Album by a Duo Or Group With Vocals at the 7th Annual Latin Grammy Awards. 

The single "Solamente Te Lo Doy a Ti" was featured on the soundtrack of the Mexican movie Niñas Mal (2007). The bonus Track "O Pato (Un Pato)", was released first on the soundtrack of the Mexican movie Temporada de patos (2004). It reached number-one on the Mexican Albums Chart and was certified gold by the Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas for over 50,000 shipments.

Track listing

Charts and certifications

Charts

Certification

References

Natalia Lafourcade albums
Sony Music Mexico albums
2005 albums
Latin Grammy Award for Best Rock Album by a Duo or Group with Vocal
C.D. Cruz Azul

Cruz Azul is a Honduran football club based in San José de Colinas, Honduras. The club currently plays in Liga de Ascenso de Honduras. Is a copy of Sport Club "Cruz Azul" from League MX, Mexico. This is not the first time that Honduras' soccer team copy to Mexico's soccer team.

Achievements
Liga de Ascenso
Runners-up (1): 2006–07 C

Current squad

Football clubs in Honduras
Zirconium(IV) bromide

Zirconium(IV) bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula ZrBr4. This colourless solid is the principal precursor to other Zr–Br compounds.

Preparation and properties
ZrBr4 is prepared by the action of bromine on zirconium oxide via a carbothermic reaction:
 ZrO2  +  2C +  2Br2   →   ZrBr4  +  2CO
Like many related tetrahalides, it is purified by sublimation.

It can also be prepared by treatment of the borohydride complex with hydrogen bromide:
 Zr(BH4)4  +  4HBr   →   ZrBr4  +  4H2  + 2B2H6

Like related tetrabromides of Ti and Hf, ZrBr4 hydrolyzes readily to give oxy-bromide, with release of hydrogen bromide.

Structure
No single crystal X-ray study of ZrBr4 has been described. Some reports suggest that it is isostructural with TiCl4 and  TiBr4, featuring tetrahedral metal centers.  Other studies indicate a polymeric structure.  ZrCl4 is polymeric in the solid state, featuring octahedral Zr centers.

References

Bromides
Zirconium(IV) compounds
Metal halides
Tapdog

Tapdog is an Australian Thoroughbred racehorse who became the first horse to win the unlisted Geraldton Gold Cup three times.

He is a brown gelding that was foaled on 9 October 1997. Tapdog was bred in New South Wales by Doomland Pty Ltd. He is by Bletcharm and his dam Starjazz (Ireland) was by Dancing Dissident (USA). He was sold at the 1999 yearling sale in Scone, New South Wales. His owners are Peter H. Day, Hans J. Hoiskar, and Peter R. Day. He was trained by Clive Lauritsen in Geraldton, Western Australia.

Cup and trophy races
 2007 XXXX Geraldton Gold Cup, over 2,100 metres at Geraldton. The first horse in history to win the race three times.
 2006 Australia Day Cup, over 2,200 m at Ascot Racecourse, Western Australia.
 2006 XXXX Geraldton Gold Cup, over 2,100 m at Geraldton. Equal race record time.
 2005 Landmark Christmas Cup, over 1,800 m at Geraldton.
 2004 Gascoyne Hotel-Exmouth Cup.
 2003 Supa Valu Kalbarri Cup, over 1,400 m at Geraldton.
 2002 Perak Turf Club Trophy, over 2,200 m at Ascot.
 2002 Geraldton Swan Draught Gold Cup, over 2,100 m at Geraldton.

Tapdog's last start was in April 2008, when his record stood at 59 starts for 16 wins, 8 seconds and 7 thirds with earnings of A$225,427.

References

1997 racehorse births
Thoroughbred family 5-d
Racehorses bred in Australia
Racehorses trained in Australia
Fleet Defender

Fleet Defender is a combat flight simulator published by MicroProse in 1994. The game uses the F-14B version of the F-14 Tomcat even where anachronistic because the developers found the original, underpowered F-14A unforgiving and "not much fun" in an entertainment flight simulator. An expansion pack, Fleet Defender: Scenario, and a port for the PC-98 were released in 1995.

Tommo purchased the rights to this game and digitally published it through its Retroism brand in 2015.

Gameplay
Fleet Defender models detailed carrier operations including air traffic and take-off/landing under various conditions. The player has control of both the pilot and radar intercept officer (RIO) who manages the AWG-9 radar. Emphasis is placed on using the AIM-54 Phoenix missile as a standoff weapon where possible, rather than engaging the more nimble Soviet fighters in close-quarters dogfighting. Wingmen formations and support aircraft can also be controlled; unlike previous MicroProse simulations, as Computer Gaming World reported in 1994, "No longer do you alone, armed with a single aircraft and eight missiles, engage the entire third world".

Three campaign theatres are included in the original game: The Oceana training theatre, the North Cape theatre, and the Mediterranean theatre (Italy, the Balkans, and part of North Africa).

Reception

Computer Gaming World in June 1994 said that "Fleet Defender pushes the envelope of desktop computers" but "strikes a very good balance between game play and pure graphic orgasm". Describing the game as a "tactical flight simulator" unlike a "close-in dog fighter like Falcon 3", it liked the accurate flight envelope, "extensive wingman controls", and "very good" enemy AI. The magazine concluded that "Fleet Defender is an outstanding simulator that will serve to reestablish MicroProse as a major player in the flight sim wars".

References

External links

Player's Guide

1994 video games
Combat flight simulators
DOS games
Linux games
MicroProse games
NEC PC-9801 games
Single-player video games
Tommo games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games with expansion packs
Windows games
HD 76728

HD 76728 is a suspected astrometric binary star system in the constellation Carina. It has the Bayer designation c Carinae; HD 76728 is the identifier from the Henry Draper catalogue. The visible component has a blue-white hue and is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +3.84. The system is located at a distance of approximately 320 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of around +25 km/s. It is a candidate member of the Volans-Carina Association of co-moving stars.

The visible component is an aging bright giant star with a stellar classification of B8/9II. The spectrum of the star displays metallic lines of magnesium. The Volans-Carina Association to which it belongs has an age of 90 million years. The star has five times the radius of the Sun and is radiating 449 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 11,880 K.

References

B-type bright giants
Astrometric binaries
Carina (constellation)
Carinae, c
Durchmusterung objects
076728
3571
043783
Ra (Eloy album)

Ra is the thirteenth studio album by German rock band Eloy. Released in 1988, it was the first album to be released after a four-year absence.

Track listing
All tracks written by Eloy (Frank Bornemann/Michael Gerlach) except where noted.
 "Voyager of the Future Race"  – 9:03
 "Sensations"  – 5:13
 "Dreams"  – 8:09
 "Invasion of a Megaforce" (Bornemann/Gieseler)  – 7:45
 "Rainbow" (Bornemann/Gieseler)  – 5:23
 "Hero"  – 6:53

Personnel

Band members
Frank Bornemann – guitar, lead vocals,
Michael Gerlach – keyboards, bass synthesizer, drums

Guest musicians
Achim Gieseler – keyboards (4, 5)
Stefan Höls – bass (4), backing vocals (3, 5)
Darryl van Raalte – fretless bass (3)
Paul Harriman – bass (2)
Anette Stangenberg – lead vocals (3, 4, 5)
Diana Baden – whispers (3)
Tommy Newton – guitars (2)
Udo Dahmen – drums (4)
Sue Wist – vocal intro (1)

Production
Engineered & mixed by Fritz Hilpert
Produced by Frank Bornemann

References

1988 albums
Eloy (band) albums
Lisa Collins

Lisa Collins (born 1968) is an Australian actress best known for her starring role in the movie Fix (1997), and her portrayal of Louisa, the wife of Morgan Earp in the 1993 film Tombstone. Collins is also the ex-wife of actor Billy Zane.

Filmography

References

External links
 

1968 births
Australian film actresses
Living people
Zirconium tetrafluoride

Zirconium(IV) fluoride describes members of a family inorganic compounds with the formula (ZrF4(H2O)x. All are colorless, diamagnetic solids.  Anhydrous Zirconium(IV) fluoride' is a component of ZBLAN fluoride glass.

Structure

Three crystalline phases of ZrF4 have been reported, α (monoclinic), β (tetragonal, Pearson symbol tP40, space group P42/m, No 84) and γ (unknown structure). β and γ phases are unstable and irreversibly transform into the α phase at 400 °C.

Zirconium(IV) fluoride forms several hydrates. The trihydrate has the structure .

Preparation and reactions
Zirconium fluoride can be produced by several methods.  Zirconium dioxide reacts with hydrogen fluoride and hydrofluoric acid to afford the anhydrous and monohydrates:

The reaction of Zr metal reacts at high temperatures with HF as well:

Zirconium dioxide reacts at 200 °C with solid ammonium bifluoride to give the heptafluorozirconate salt, which can be converted to the tetrafluoride at 500 °C:

Addition of hydrofluoric acid to solutions of zirconium nitrate precipitates solid monohydrate.  Hydrates of zirconium tetrafluoride can be dehydrated by heating under a stream of hydrogen fluoride.

Zirconium fluoride can be purified by distillation or sublimation.

Zirconium fluoride forms double salts with other fluorides.  The most prominent is potassium hexafluorozironate, formed by fusion of potassium fluoride and zirconium tetrafluoride:

Applications
The major and perhaps only commercial application of zirconium fluoride is as a precursor to ZBLAN glasses.

Mixture of sodium fluoride, zirconium fluoride, and uranium tetrafluoride (53-41-6 mol.%) was used as a coolant in the Aircraft Reactor Experiment. A mixture of lithium fluoride, beryllium fluoride, zirconium fluoride, and uranium-233 tetrafluoride was used in the Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment. (Uranium-233 is used in the thorium fuel cycle reactors.)

References

 ORNL/TM-2006/12 Assessment of Candidate Molten Salt Coolants for the Advanced High-Temperature Reactor (AHTR), March 2006 (Accessed 2008/9/18)

Fluorides
Zirconium(IV) compounds
Metal halides
Wilson Magnet High School

Joseph C. Wilson Magnet High School, sometimes referred to as Wilson Magnet or just Wilson, is a public high school in Rochester, New York. It is in the Rochester City School District.

Performance
Wilson Magnet performs better than other high schools in the Rochester school district, but is still below state averages in terms of standardized testing. Wilson is an International Baccalaureate World School.

Notable alumni
Mary E. Clarke, director of the Women's Army Corps and the first woman to attain the rank of major general in the United States Army
Malik Evans, 70th Mayor of Rochester
Saul A. Maneiro, Monroe County Legislator
Lovely A. Warren, 69th Mayor of Rochester, New York
Luke Wood, music executive and president of Beats Electronics from 2011 to 2020
Hon. Stephen T. Miller, New York Court of Claims Judge Rochester, New York

See also
Rochester City School District
Sibley–Elmdorf Historic District

References

External links

Public high schools in New York (state)
Magnet schools in New York (state)
High schools in Monroe County, New York
Public middle schools in New York (state)
Makario Stadium

Makario Stadium (),  is an all-seater multi-purpose stadium in Nicosia, Cyprus. It was the largest and main sports venue of the capital up to the construction of the GSP stadium in 1999. At present it is mostly used for football matches and is the home ground of Olympiakos Nicosia,Digenis Morphou, and Ethnikos Assia. The stadium holds 15,590 seated spectators. The playing field is surrounded by a running track and can be adapted to hold most track and field events. Apart from corporate boxes and the press centre, there are no coverings for spectators. 

It is built in the Nicosia suburb of Makedonitissa, close to the grounds of the Cyprus State Fair, with which it shares a large car park.

Over the years it has served as the home ground for Nicosia teams such as AC Omonia, APOEL and Olympiakos. The Cypriot national team has also played home matches there in the past. All those teams have now relocated to the New GSP stadium. The ultras of APOEL (PANSYFI - AU79) and Omonia (Gate-9) were formed during the years their teams played at the stadium.

The Makario was built in 1978 and is named after Makarios III, the Ethnarch of Cyprus; Archbishop and first President of Cyprus. It has hosted many Cypriot Cup and Super Cup finals and was the main venue for the 1989 Games of the Small States of Europe.

The record for the highest attendance at the stadium was 30,000 spectators on 6 November 1985, for the match between Omonia Nicosia and Anderlecht in the 1985–86 European Cup last-16 round.

Publications of the time state that there were 34,000 spectators at the Makarios stadium, which is a record number of fans in Cypriot stadiums.

References

Athletics (track and field) venues in Cyprus
Sport in Nicosia
Football venues in Cyprus
Multi-purpose stadiums in Cyprus
Buildings and structures in Nicosia
Sports venues in Cyprus
Doxa Katokopias FC
Stelios Kyriakides Stadium

The Stelios Kyriakides Stadium (previous Pafiako Stadium) () is a multi-use stadium in Paphos, the stadium holds 9,394 people. It has a full size running track around the outside of its football and rugby playing field and is used for many athletics events throughout the year. It is regarded as one of the best pitches in Cyprus and situated ideally for the public. Until 25 May 2017 its name was Pafiako Stadium (), but Cyprus Sport Organisation change its name to Stelios Kyriakides Stadium after marathon runner Stelios Kyriakides.

It is the home stadium of Akritas Chlorakas and Pafos FC. It was also the home stadium also of AEP Paphos, AEK Kouklia, APOP and Evagoras and was used also as home by APOP Kinyras Peyias when they were playing in the First Division during 2005–06 season. GSK Stadium, or Gymnastic Club Korivos Stadium was the home of APOP and Evagoras before the Pafiako was built. In 1992, the UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship was hosted in Cyprus and three matches of the tournament were hosted in Pafiako stadium. Also various music venues took place here.

The stadium has also become the home of the National Rugby Team of Cyprus, having played a total of 3 games there and winning all. The first game of the European 3D tournament in 2007 between Cyprus and Azerbaijan was played there. The stadium has only become the official national team stadium since 2010, where Cyprus overcame Azerbaijan and Bosnia respectively to gain promotion into the 2nd tier of European Rugby. It also hosted the final stage of the European Sevens in a two-day tournament.

On 25 May 2017, K.O.A (Cyprus Athletic Association) decided to rename the stadium to Στελιος Κυριακίδης (Stelios Kyriakides Stadium) in honor of the Boston Marathon of 1946 winner from Statos Agios Fotios village.

References

External links
worldstadiums

Athletics (track and field) venues in Cyprus
Sports venues in Cyprus
Music venues in Cyprus
Football venues in Cyprus
Buildings and structures in Paphos
Pafos FC
Sports venues completed in 1985
1985 establishments in Cyprus
Sport in Paphos
Paralimni Stadium

Paralimni Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Paralimni, Cyprus. It was inaugurated in 1996 and  currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home ground of Enosis Neon Paralimni.  The stadium holds 5,800 people. 

Athletics (track and field) venues in Cyprus
Football venues in Cyprus
Multi-purpose stadiums in Cyprus
Buildings and structures in Famagusta District
Scandia (journal)

Scandia is an academic journal for history which has been published since 1928, when it was established by the Swedish historian Lauritz Weibull (1873-1960). The journal, which has a Scandinavian scope, is, and has always been, affiliated with the Department of History at Lund University.

The first volumes of the journal, which have come into the public domain, are available online as scans and OCR text at Projekt Runeberg.

External links
 
Entry in Libris, stable link
Scandia at Projekt Runeberg.

European history journals
Swedish-language journals
Academic journals established in 1928
History of Scandinavia
Biannual journals
Lund University
1928 establishments in Sweden
Academic journals associated with universities and colleges
Zirconium(IV) iodide

Zirconium(IV) iodide is the chemical compound with the formula ZrI4. It is the most readily available iodide of zirconium. It is an orange-coloured solid that degrades in the presence of water. The compound was once prominent as an intermediate in the purification of zirconium metal.

Structure
Like most binary metal halides, zirconium(IV) iodide adopts a polymeric structure.  As characterized by X-ray crystallography, the compound consists of octahedral Zr(IV) centers interconnected by four doubly bridging iodide ligands.  The Zr-I distances of 2.692 (terminal) and 3.030 Å

Synthesis and reactions
This compound is volatile, subliming as intact tetrahedral ZrI4 molecules. It is prepared by the direct reaction of powdered zirconium metal and iodine.

Pyrolysis of zirconium(IV) iodide gas by contact of hot wire was the first industrial process for the commercial production of pure ductile metallic zirconium. This crystal bar process was developed by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925.

References

Iodides
Zirconium(IV) compounds
Metal halides
Christian Lee (footballer)

Christian Lee (born 8 October 1976 in Aylesbury, England) is an English professional footballer. He made over 140 appearances in Football League and Football Conference between 1995 and 2005.

Career
Lee started his career as a junior at Doncaster Rovers but made no appearances before joining Northampton Town in July 1995, for whom he made 69 league and cup appearances, scoring ten goals, in four seasons. He joined Gillingham in 1999 for £35,000 but a serious knee operation meant that he missed most of the 1999–2000 season and he joined Rochdale on a one-month loan in October 2000 with a view to a permanent move. However, he did not make an impact and Rochdale decided not to pursue the loan deal. He joined Leyton Orient on loan in March 2001 before signing for Bristol Rovers on a free transfer. Two months later in May 2001, he was released by manager Garry Thompson.

Lee moved into non-league football with Farnborough Town in September 2001. Later in the same month, he joined Rushden & Diamonds on loan for two months and then joined Eastwood Town on a free transfer in November 2001. He re-joined Farnborough Town in January 2002, for whom he scored seven goals in 36 appearances.

Lee joined Halifax Town in May 2003. Manager Chris Wilder said, "He is desperate to get back into League football, where he has spent the majority of his career. He is a very good technical player and one that possibly hasn't reached his potential." He scored six goals in 27 league and cup appearances but was released in April 2005 after missing the whole of the 2004–2005 season due to a recurrence of a chronic back problem in pre-season.

In 2006, Lee was signed up by the sports division of Chinese fashion label Giordano to model their new range of cycling shorts and other lycra sportswear.

Honours
Northampton Town
Football League Third Division play-offs: 1997

References

External links

English men's footballers
1976 births
Living people
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Rushden & Diamonds F.C. players
Gillingham F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Rochdale A.F.C. players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Halifax Town A.F.C. players
Footballers from Aylesbury
Eastwood Town F.C. players
Farnborough F.C. players
Men's association football forwards
Gente de Primera

Gente de Primera is a Spanish television singing competition on TVE where aspiring popstars compete for a record deal, each backed by a popular popstar as a mentor. The first series in 2005 was won by Yanira Figueroa who was backed by Rosa López, and the runner-up was Verónica Rojas, backed by Bertín Osborne. The second series was won by Nauzet who was backed by Natalia, while the runner-up was Mirela who was backed by Pastora Soler. Other popular singers who participated as mentors in the show were Chenoa or Marta Sánchez, among others.

Spanish reality television series
RTVE shows
HD 69863

HD 69863 is a binary star system in the southern constellation of Carina. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim point of light with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.16. The system is located at a distance of about255 light years from the Sun based on parallax. The dual nature of this system was announced in 1832 by German astronomer Carl Rümker. As of 2015, the pair had an angular separation of  along a position angle of 70°.

The brighter primary, designated component A, has a visual magnitude of 5.27 and is an A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A2V. It is 635 million years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 191 km/s. The star has 2.1 times the mass of the Sun.

The magnitude 7.62 companion, component B, is a F-type main-sequence star with a class of F2V.  It is radiating four times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,806 K. The system is a source for X-ray emission, which is most likely coming from the secondary.

References

A-type main-sequence stars
F-type main-sequence stars
Binary stars

Carina (constellation)
Carinae, C
Durchmusterung objects
069863
040429
3260
Triazenes

Triazenes are organic compounds that contain the functional group R1−NN=N−NR2R3,  where the R are each any of various types of substituent groups. Some anti-cancer medications and dyes are triazenes. Formally, the triazenes are related to the unstable chemical triazene, H2N−N=NH.

Production
Triazenes are prepared from the N-coupling reaction between diazonium salts and primary or secondary amines. The coupling reactions are typically mild, using a base such as sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate.

The diazonium reagents are themselves available starting from amines. For symmetrical triazenes derived from primary amines, partial diazotization gives a mixture of the original amine and its diazo derivative that then couple with each other. For example, 1,3-diphenyltriazene (PhN=N−NHPh) can be made from aniline in a one-pot reaction. For asymmetrical triazenes, for example (phenyldiazenyl)pyrrolidine (PhN=N−NC4H8), the diazonium salt must be pre-made.

Analogues of Tröger's base containing a symmetric pair of asymmetric triazene side-chains have been obtained similarly.

Reactions and applications

Triazenes derived from primary amines engage in tautomerism.  In the case of symmetric triazenes, the tautomers are identical.

Triazenes can be converted to diazonium salts. 

Triazenes decompose in the presence of protonating or alkylating agents into quaternary amines and diazonium salts; as such triazenes have been used as an in situ source of diazonium that reacted with sodium sulfide to give the corresponding thiophenols. A strategy for the protection and deprotection of sensitive secondary amines is based on this principle.

Polymeric triazenes are applied as conductive and absorbent materials. Triazenes have been used in the synthesis of cinnoline, functionalized lactams, and coumarins.

References

Functional groups
Puvirnituq

Puvirnituq () is a northern village (Inuit community) in Nunavik, on the Povungnituk River near its mouth on Hudson Bay in northern Quebec, Canada. Its population was 2,129 as of the 2021 Canadian census.

Of all other northern villages in Nunavik (VN), only Puvirnituq has no Inuit reserved land (TI) of the same name associated with it.

The name means "putrifed" and is said to have arisen after an epidemic killed off most of the area's residents to the point that there were not enough people to bury the dead, which allowed the exposed bodies to decompose and gave off a putrid smell.

Puvirnituq is the aviation hub of the Hudson Bay coast. Puvirnituq Airport handles scheduled flights to and from all other Hudson Bay coastal communities in Quebec, Montreal, and Ottawa. It is not accessible by road.

The police services in Puvirnituq are provided by the Nunavik Police Service.

History

In 1921, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) established a trading post in the village, known as Povungnituk and often shortened to Pov. This attracted the settlement of Inuit living in the region. In 1951, the HBC opened a general store. The closure of HBC stores in other nearby villages led to an influx of Inuit to Puvirnituq.

A Catholic mission was founded in 1956, which encouraged the residents to form the Carvers Association of Povungnituk two years later. It later became the Co-operative Association of Povungnituk and was instrumental in assisting, developing, and marketing Inuit art. Its success inspired other Inuit communities to form similar cooperatives, most of which now make up the Federation of Co-operatives of Northern Quebec. Leah Nuvalinga Qumaluk was among the artists who worked at the cooperative.

Demographics 
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Puvirnituq had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

Education
The Kativik School Board operates three schools in Puvirnituq. Ikaarvik Primary School for K-3, Iguarsivik Primary-Secondary School for grades 4 through Secondary 5, and the Adult Education Centre.

Notable people 
Inuit throat singer and activist Shina Novalinga (born 1998), an Inuk social media personality gained fame for posting videos throat singing with her mother on TikTok and Instagram. As of August 2022, she has over 4 million TikTok followers and over 2 million Instagram followers. Other people from Puvirnituq include Mary Pudlat (1923–2001), a visual artist.

Gallery

References

External links

Nunavik Tourism, Puvirnituq website 
Watch My Village in Nunavik, a documentary about life in the community

Inuit communities in Quebec
Hudson's Bay Company trading posts
Populated places on Hudson Bay
Road-inaccessible communities of Quebec
La Trinité-sur-Mer

La Trinité-sur-Mer (; ) is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany, in north-western France. Inhabitants of La Trinité-sur-Mer are called Trinitains.

It is located east of Carnac. The town is primarily a port, with a seaside quay dotted by numerous seafood restaurants. The town is also known for its watersport competitions.

Separated from the well known commune of Carnac in 1864, several of the famous neolithic standing stones in the Carnac stones fall within its boundaries, including the dolmens of Kerdeneven and Kermarquer, and the Petit-Ménec Alignments.

Landmarks

The Pont de Kerisper connects the commune to the neighbouring Saint-Philibert. The current bridge is a replacement, built in 1956, of the previous bridge which was destroyed by German bombing.

Notable residents
Jean-Marie Le Pen, far-right politician and perennial presidential candidate, was born in the commune. As of 2016, he owns a house in the town with his daughter, Marine Le Pen, via a family business, Pavillon de L'Ecuyer.
Alain Barrière, singer, born in 1935

Events
 The 2008 Sywoc (Student Yachting World Cup) took place in La Trinité-sur-Mer (25 October - 1 November 2008).

 The 2010 European Championship Soling took place in La Trinité-sur-Mer from 28- AUG till 3 SEP.

See also
Communes of the Morbihan department

References

External links

 Town website
 Tourist office
 Mayors of Morbihan Association 

 La Trinité-sur-Mer on the Institut Géographique National website

Communes of Morbihan
Populated coastal places in Brittany
Gyration tensor

In physics, the gyration tensor is a tensor that describes the second moments of position of a collection of particles

where  is the  
Cartesian coordinate of the position vector  of the 
 particle.  The origin of the coordinate system has been chosen such that

i.e. in the system of the center of mass . Where

Another definition, which is mathematically identical but gives an alternative calculation method, is:

Therefore, the x-y component of the gyration tensor for particles in Cartesian coordinates would be:

In the continuum limit,

where  represents the number density of particles at position .

Although they have different units, the gyration tensor is related to the 
moment of inertia tensor.  The key difference is that the particle positions are weighted by mass in the inertia tensor, whereas the gyration tensor depends only on the particle positions; mass plays no role in defining the gyration tensor.

Diagonalization

Since the gyration tensor is a symmetric 3x3 matrix, a Cartesian coordinate system can be found in which it is diagonal

where the axes are chosen such that the diagonal elements are ordered .  
These diagonal elements are called the principal moments of the gyration tensor.

Shape descriptors

The principal moments can be combined to give several parameters that describe the distribution of particles.  The squared radius of gyration is the sum of the principal moments divided by the number of particles N:

The asphericity  is defined by

which is always non-negative and zero only when the three principal moments are equal, λx = λy = λz.  This zero condition is met when the distribution of particles is spherically symmetric (hence the name asphericity) but also whenever the particle distribution is symmetric with respect to the three coordinate axes, e.g., when the particles are distributed uniformly on a cube, tetrahedron or other Platonic solid.

Similarly, the acylindricity  is defined by

which is always non-negative and zero only when the two principal moments are equal, λx = λy.
This zero condition is met when the distribution of particles is cylindrically symmetric (hence the name, acylindricity), but also whenever the particle distribution is symmetric with respect to the two coordinate axes, e.g., when the particles are distributed uniformly on a regular prism.

Finally, the relative shape anisotropy  is defined

which is bounded between zero and one.  = 0 only occurs if all points are spherically symmetric, and  = 1 only occurs if all points lie on a line.

References

Polymer physics
Tensors
Galway North-East (Dáil constituency)

Galway North-East was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1969 to 1977. The constituency elected 3 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) to the Dáil, on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

History and boundaries 
The constituency was created under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1969 for the 1969 general election to Dáil Éireann. It was abolished under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1974, with effect from the 1977 general election.

Its boundaries were defined by the 1969 Act as:
the administrative county of Galway, except the parts thereof which were comprised in the constituencies of Clare–South Galway and Galway West;
part of County Roscommon, comprising all or part of the former rural districts of Athlone No. 2, Castlereagh and Roscommon.

TDs

Elections

1975 by-election 
Following the death of Fianna Fáil TD Michael F. Kitt, a by-election was held on 4 March 1975. The seat was won by the Fianna Fáil candidate Michael P. Kitt, son of the deceased TD.

1973 general election

1969 general election

See also 
Dáil constituencies
Politics of the Republic of Ireland
Historic Dáil constituencies
Elections in the Republic of Ireland

References

External links
 Oireachtas Members Database

Dáil constituencies in the Republic of Ireland (historic)
Historic constituencies in County Galway
1969 establishments in Ireland
1977 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies established in 1969
Constituencies disestablished in 1977
Katarina Elevator

The Katarina Elevator or Katarina Lift () is a passenger elevator in Stockholm that connects Slussen (the sluice/lock area) to the heights of Södermalm. The lift was a shortcut between Katarinavägen, Slussen and Mosebacke torg. The original lift was constructed in 1881, but the current structure dates from the rebuilding of the Slussen transport interchange in 1936. The lift was closed for a lengthy renovation in 2010 and reopened in October 2023.

The old lift 
In 1881 the engineer Knut Lindmark, was permitted to build a lift and a bridge between Stadsgården and Mosebacke Torg (), to make it easier for people to move between the different heights of Södermalm. The lift was opened March the 19th 1883. During the first month approximately 1,500 passengers rode the lift daily. The price was 5 öre for going up and 3 öre for going down on the lift at that time.

The lift and bridge was constructed by the Belgian firm Lecoq & Comp, using a mechanism sourced from the American firm Weeks & Halsey. The original steam engine was replaced in 1915 with an electric engine.

The elevator is shown in a scene from the movie The Prize starring Paul Newman.

Gallery

Today, as of the reopening of the elevator 2023

References

External links

See also
Polanco Lift
Santa Justa Lift

Individual elevators
Buildings and structures in Stockholm
1883 establishments in Sweden
Transport in Stockholm
Transport infrastructure completed in 1883
Cheolindo

Cheolindo () is a 1930 Korean film written, directed by and starring Na Woon-gyu. It premiered at Dansungsa Theater in downtown Seoul.

Plot summary
The plot concerns two rival villages separated by a hill, and the competition between men from both villages over the daughter of Reverend Suh.

References

External links 
 Images from Cheolindo at The Korean Film Archive (KOFA)

See also
 Korea under Japanese rule
 List of Korean-language films
 Cinema of Korea

1930 films
Pre-1948 Korean films
Korean silent films
Korean black-and-white films
Films directed by Na Woon-gyu
Zinc cyanide

Zinc cyanide is the inorganic compound with the formula Zn(CN)2. It is a white solid that is used mainly for electroplating zinc but also has more specialized applications for the synthesis of organic compounds.

Structure
In Zn(CN)2, zinc adopts the tetrahedral coordination environment, all linked by bridging cyanide ligands. The structure consists of two "interpenetrating" structures (blue and red in the picture above).  Such motifs are sometimes called "expanded  diamondoid" structures. Some forms of SiO2 adopt a similar structure, wherein the tetrahedral Si centres are linked by oxides. The cyanide group shows head to tail disorder with any zinc atom having between one and four carbon neighbours, and the remaining being nitrogen atoms. It shows one of the largest negative coefficients of thermal expansion (exceeding the previous record holder, zirconium tungstate).

Chemical properties
Typical for an inorganic polymer, Zn(CN)2 is insoluble in most solvents. The solid dissolves in, or more precisely, is degraded by, aqueous solutions of basic ligands such as hydroxide, ammonia, and additional cyanide to give anionic complexes.

Synthesis
Zn(CN)2 is easy to make by combining aqueous solutions of cyanide and zinc ions, for example via the double replacement reaction between KCN and ZnSO4:
 ZnSO4 + 2 KCN → Zn(CN)2 + K2SO4

For commercial applications, some effort is made to avoid halide impurities by using acetate salts of zinc:
 Zn(CH3COO)2 + HCN → Zn(CN)2 + 2 CH3COOH

Zinc cyanide is also produced as a byproduct of certain gold extraction methods. Procedures to isolate gold from aqueous gold cyanide sometimes call for the addition of zinc:
 2 [Au(CN)2]−  +  Zn   →   2 Au  +  Zn(CN)2  +  2 CN−

Applications

Electroplating
The main application of Zn(CN)2 is for electroplating of zinc from aqueous solutions containing additional cyanide.

Organic synthesis
Zn(CN)2 is used to introduce the formyl group in to aromatic compounds in the Gatterman reaction where it serves a convenient, safer, and non-gaseous alternative to HCN. Because the reaction uses HCl, Zn(CN)2 also supplies the reaction in situ with ZnCl2, a Lewis acid catalyst. Examples of Zn(CN)2 being used in this way include the synthesis of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and mesitaldehyde.

Zn(CN)2 is also employed as a catalyst for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes and ketones.

References

zinc
cyanide
Roscommon–Leitrim (Dáil constituency)

Roscommon–Leitrim was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1969 to 1981. The constituency elected 3 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) to the Dáil, on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

History 
The constituency was created under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1969, and first used for the 1969 general election. It replaced the previous Roscommon constituency and part of the Sligo–Leitrim constituency.

Its boundaries were revised in 1977, but the number of seats remained unchanged. The constituency was abolished for the 1981 general election, when its territory was divided between the existing Sligo–Leitrim constituency and a new Roscommon constituency.

Boundaries 
It covered most of the County Roscommon and part of County Leitrim.

TDs

Elections

1977 general election

1973 general election

1969 general election

See also 
Dáil constituencies
Politics of the Republic of Ireland
Historic Dáil constituencies
Elections in the Republic of Ireland

References

External links 
Oireachtas Members Database

Dáil constituencies in the Republic of Ireland (historic)
Historic constituencies in County Leitrim
Historic constituencies in County Roscommon
1969 establishments in Ireland
1981 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies established in 1969
Constituencies disestablished in 1981