alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
India General Service Medal (1909)


The Indian General Service Medal (1909 IGSM) was a campaign medal approved on 1 January 1909, for issue to officers and men of the British and Indian armies. From 1919, it was also awarded to officers and men of the Royal Air Force, with the Waziristan 1925 clasp awarded solely to the RAF.

Clasps
The 1909 IGSM was awarded for various minor military campaigns in India from 1908 to 1935.  Each campaign was represented by a clasp on the ribbon; 12 were sanctioned.

North West Frontier 1908 
Abor 1911–12 
Afghanistan NWF 1919
Mahsud 1919–20
Waziristan 1919–21
Malabar 1921–22
Waziristan 1921–24
Waziristan 1925
North West Frontier 1930–31
Burma 1930–32
Mohmand 1933
North West Frontier 1935

Description
The medal is  in diameter. It was struck at both the Calcutta and London mints, for Indian and British forces respectively. For early campaigns it was awarded in silver to combatants and in bronze to native bearers and servants. From 1919 onwards all awards were in silver.

The obverse shows the reigning monarch facing left with a suitable inscription. There are three versions:

The reverse depicts Jamrud Fort at the Khyber Pass with the word ‘India’ below between a wreath of oak and olive branches.

The ribbon,  wide, was green with a broad blue central stripe. From 1920, those mentioned in despatches in a campaign for which the medal was awarded could wear a bronze oakleaf on the medal ribbon.

The name and details of the recipient were engraved or impressed on the edge of the medal.

Waziristan 1925
The Medal with the Waziristan 1925 clasp was awarded to only 46 officers and 214 men of the Royal Air Force, and 2 Indian Army Officers, who took part in Pink's War.  It is, by far, the rarest clasp given with an India General Service Medal, with the exception of only 14 ‘Burma 1930-32’ clasps, awarded to the Royal Air Force, and was only awarded after the then Chief of the Air Staff, Sir John Salmond, succeeded in overturning the War Office decision not to grant a medal for Pink's War. The ‘Waziristan 1925’ clasp, was not awarded to Royal Air Force personnel, who already had, or elected to have, the ‘Waziristan 1921-24’ clasp. For details, see ‘British Battles & Medals’, 7th. Edition.

See also
North-West Frontier (military history)

Notes

Bibliography
 
 
 Laffin, John, Swifter than Eagles, a biography of Marshal of the RAF Sir John Salmond, (1964). William Blackwood & Sons Ltd
 Mackay, J and Mussel, J (eds), Medals Yearbook - 2006, (2005). Token Publishing
 Mussell, John W. (ed), Medals Yearbook - 2015. Token Publishing

British campaign medals
1909 establishments in India
India General Service Medal (1936)


The Indian General Service Medal (1936 IGSM) was a campaign medal approved on 3 August 1938, for issue to officers and men of the British and Indian armies, and of the Royal Air Force.

The 1936 IGSM was awarded for minor military campaigns on the North-West Frontier of India between 1936 and 1939. Each campaign covered by the medal was represented by a clasp on the ribbon; two were sanctioned, both relating to operations in Waziristan:

North West Frontier 1936–37
North West Frontier 1937–39

The second clasp was only struck and distributed after the Second World War. Recipients of a Mention in Despatches were entitled to wear an oak leaf emblem on the ribbon.

Following the grant of Indian Independence in 1947 the medal became obsolete, although it could still to be worn in uniform by British, Indian and Pakistani servicemen.

Description
The medal is silver,  in diameter, and has the following design:The obverse shows the crowned head of King George VI facing left with the inscription ''.The reverse depicts a side view of a tiger standing astride a mountain range with the word '' above.The  wide ribbon is grey flanked by narrow red stripes, with broad green stripes at the edges

Medals were impressed on the edge with the name and details of the recipient.

The medal was struck at both the Calcutta and London mints, for Indian and British forces respectively. The claw mount attaching the medal disc to the suspension differs between the two, the Calcutta Mint version being of a plain curved style, while London made medals are of a more elaborate raised scroll type:

Notes

Bibliography
 
 
 

British campaign medals
Assisi Vidyaniketan Public School

Assisi Vidyaniketan Public School is a private Catholic primary and secondary school located in Kakkanad, Kochi in the state of Kerala, India. Popularly known as AVPS or Assisi, it was founded in June 1994.

See also

 Catholic Church in India
 Christianity in Odisha
 List of schools in Odisha
 List of Jesuit schools

References

External links
 School website

Christian schools in Kerala
Primary schools in Kerala
High schools and secondary schools in Kochi
Private schools in Kochi
Educational institutions established in 1994
1994 establishments in Kerala
The Choice School

The Choice School is a private school in Kerala, India, built in 1991. It is owned by The Choice Group under the leadership of Jose Thomas Olassa. The school follows CBSE syllabus. It consists over 2200 students and 250 staff members. The school is attended by both day scholars as well as boarding school students.

Principals 

 Mrs. Lakshmi Ramachandran (1991-1999), Mentor of Global Public School                *Mrs. Laila Thomas (1999-2000)
 Mrs. Molly Cyril (2000-2013)
 Mrs. Sunitha Satheesh (2013-2020)
 Mr. Jacob P. Ajith Mathews (2020-2022)
 Mrs. Rachel Ignatius (2023 - )

See also
 List of schools in Ernakulam district

References

External links
 

Private schools in Kochi
Boarding schools in Kerala
Educational institutions established in 1991
1991 establishments in Kerala
Cochin Refineries School

Cochin Refineries School is a higher secondary school situated in Kochi, Kerala, India. The school was relocated to its new campus near Vandipettah, Puthencruz on the 2nd of December, 2019.

Overview

The school was established in 1966 for the children of employees of erstwhile Kochi Refineries Ltd (KRL). Admission is open to children of  employees.

Previously, the school was situated on the hilltop of Jwalagiri, Ambalamugal. On the 2nd of December 2019, the school relocated to its new campus near Vandipettah. The school is run by Cochin Refineries Educational Aid Society and managed by a Board of Governors nominated by the management of BPCL – Kochi Refinery.  It is affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), New Delhi, and prepares students for the All India Secondary School Examination (AISSE) and All India Senior School Certificate Examination (AISSCE).

The motto of the school is "That they may be refined and radiate".

See also
List of schools in Ernakulam

References

External links
 School website

Private schools in Kochi
High schools and secondary schools in Kochi
Navy Children School

Navy Children School (NCS) is a chain of schools across India administered by The Navy Education Society. The school began as Naval School on 2 August 1965 with the first branch at Delhi, but changed its name to Naval Public School in 1985 and then Navy Children School in 2005.

The school is affiliated with the CBSE and has classes up to XII.

Branches
The school has these branches across India:
 Navy Children School, Delhi
 Navy Children School Port Blair
 Navy Children School Arakkonam
 Navy Children School Karwar
 Navy Children School Kochi
 Navy Children School Visakhapatnam
 Navy Children School Goa
 Navy Children School Kandla
 Navy Children School, Mumbai
 Navy Children School Karanja
 Navy Children School Coimbatore
 Navy Children School Porbandar

References

External links 
 Navy Education Society 

Educational institutions established in 1965
Schools in Delhi
Indian Navy
1965 establishments in India
Nigel Pierre

Nigel Pierre (born 6 February 1979 in Saint Joseph) is a football striker from Trinidad and Tobago, who manages Westside Superstarz.

Career
"Pistol" Pierre as he was once known due to his fearsome shooting ability had a 3-month loan spell at Bristol Rovers F.C. in England in the 1999–2000 season but, after impressing, the move was unable to go through due to work permit problems. Former San Juan Jabloteh boss Terry Fenwick again tried to take him to England to play for Northampton Town F.C. but once again Pierre was denied as he had only played 73% of Trinidad and Tobago's matches and not the required minimum of 75%. He played for Caledonia AIA, having been sacked from both his previous clubs.

International career
He got 58 caps and scored 22 goals for the national team between 1999 and 2005.

Clubs
 Queen's Park CC (1998)
 Joe Public (1999) (14 goals)
 Bristol Rovers (2000) 3 apps. (0 goals)
 Joe Public (2000–2002) (24 goals)
 San Juan Jabloteh (2002) 1 app. (0 goals)
 Joe Public (2002–2003) (4 goals)
 San Juan Jabloteh (2003–2005) (9 goals)
 Joe Public (2005) (2nd Div.)
 Caledonia AIA (2005–2006) (5 goals)
 Joe Public (2007–2008) (2 goals)
 WASA Clean & White (2008) (2nd Div.)
 United Petrotrin (2009) 5 apps. (0 goals)
 Queen's Park CC (2010–) (2nd Div.)

References

1979 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Trinidad and Tobago men's international footballers
Joe Public F.C. players
San Juan Jabloteh F.C. players
TT Pro League players
Morvant Caledonia United players
2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Deutsch-Amerikanisches Institut Tübingen

The Deutsch-Amerikanisches Institut Tübingen is a cultural institution, formerly known as the Amerika-Haus (America House).

History
The first German-American Institutes or Amerikahäuser in Germany were founded in 1946, one year after the end of the Second World War. At first, they were called "U.S. Information Centers" and were basically free libraries with both American and German books and magazines, before they extended their activities to exhibitions and "lecture discussions" and until 1956 partially also served the rural areas with       
so-called "bookmobiles". The information centers were under the supervision of the US Army's Information Control Division, that was responsible for the "re-democratization-programs". The Information Control Division, essentially, evolved out of the Psychological Warfare Division.

The Tuebingen house was created on June 20, 1952 and is thus a little older than the new Southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg. At that time, 44  of such houses existed in Germany. Fifty years later, in 2002, there were only 12 left.

See also
 Amerika Haus

External links
http://dai-tuebingen.de
http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,496731,00.html

Libraries in Tübingen
Education in Tübingen
Culture of Baden-Württemberg
Tubingen
Buildings and structures in Tübingen
Organisations based in Tübingen
Falcutt

Falcutt (or Fancote) is a hamlet in the English county of Northamptonshire. With Astwell, it forms part the civil parish of Helmdon  and is south of the village of that name. Historically, Falcutt and Astwell were part of the Wappenham parish.

References

External links 

Hamlets in Northamptonshire
West Northamptonshire District
Porte de Mars

Porte de Mars is an ancient Roman triumphal arch in Reims, France. It dates from the third century AD, and was the widest arch in the Roman world.

The Arch
The monumental Mars Gate dates from the first part of the 3rd century and is the only remaining of four gates that gave access to the Gallo-Roman town known as Durocortorum.  The arch stands 32 metres long and 13 metres high, with three wide arched openings. It was named after a nearby temple to Mars. The arch has many highly detailed carvings on its exterior and on the ceilings of its three passageways, including Romulus and Remus, farm workers, and Leda and the swan. Local folklore says that the inhabitants of Reims built the arch in gratitude when the Romans brought major roads through their city. It became part of the castle of the archbishops in 1228, which was destroyed in 1595, leaving the arch, with the openings blocked, part of the city walls. Rediscovered in 1667, it was not fully revealed until the dismantling of the city walls in 1844–54.

Gallery

References

Buildings and structures completed in the 3rd century
Ancient Roman triumphal arches
Buildings and structures in Reims
Tourist attractions in Marne (department)
Flounder tramping

Flounder tramping is a traditional method of catching flounder or other flat fish by wading in shallow water and standing on them.

This method of fishing was used in the coastal waters and river estuaries of South West Scotland, particularly at Palnackie on the Solway, for centuries. Once trapped the fish were often secured by impaling them on a leister before being bagged. A leister is the local name for a trident or three pronged long handled spear. Although traditional, the use of leisters to aid capture is no longer permitted (presumably for safety reasons).

A similar technique is still used in Cumbria, particularly in the Duddon Estuary and Morecambe Bay, where it is called treading. Treaders wade along channels at low water until they tread on a flounder; the fisher will then lift the fish by inserting a finger into the gill opening of the fish.

Flounder tramping championships
On the first Saturday each August, at Palnackie, on the Urr Water, hosts the World Flounder Tramping Championships. Several hundred competitors walk out onto the mud flats of the Urr Water estuary, south of the village, at low tide. They feel for flounder hiding beneath the mud with their toes,  and trap the fish beneath their feet. The competition is held to raise funds for the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.

In July 2010 Dumfries and Galloway Council announced its intention to ban the flounder tramping championships on "Health and Safety" grounds.

See also
 Flounder gigging

References
 BBC: Coast: Arran to Gretna (scroll down)

Fishing techniques and methods
Yuki Sato (voice actor)

, also credited as , is a Japanese actor and voice actor from Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. He is represented by Aoni Production.

Filmography

Anime

Video games

Overseas dubbing

Other dubbing

References

External links
 Official agency profile 
 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Aoni Production voice actors
Japanese male video game actors
Japanese male voice actors
Male voice actors from Kanagawa Prefecture
Tokai University alumni
20th-century Japanese male actors
21st-century Japanese male actors
Set piece (football)

The term set piece or set play is used in association football and rugby football to refer to a situation when the ball is returned to open play, for example following a stoppage, particularly in a forward area of the pitch. In association football, the term usually refers to free kicks and corners, but sometimes penalties and throw-ins. Many goals result from such positions, whether scored directly or indirectly. Thus defending set pieces is an important skill for defenders, and attacking players spend much time practicing them; set pieces are one area where tactics and routines can be worked out in training in advance of matches. Some players specialize in set pieces.

References

Association football terminology
Association football tactics
Rugby league terminology
Rugby union terminology
Alien Breed

Alien Breed is a series of top-down science fiction shoot 'em up video games developed by Team17 primarily for the Amiga in the 1990s, heavily inspired by the Alien films and featuring game play reminiscent of the classic arcade game Gauntlet. Later, first-person shooter titles were released under the Alien Breed name. In 2009, the series was revived with Alien Breed Evolution.

List of Alien Breed games

First era 
 Alien Breed (1991)
 Alien Breed Special Edition '92 (1992)
 Alien Breed II: The Horror Continues (1993)
 Alien Breed: Tower Assault (1994)
 Alien Breed 3D (1995)
 Alien Breed 3D II: The Killing Grounds (1996)

Second era 
 Alien Breed Evolution (2009)
 Alien Breed: Impact (2010)
 Alien Breed 2: Assault (2010)
 Alien Breed 3: Descent (2010)

References 

Alien Breed
Video game franchises introduced in 1991
Science fiction video games
Buittle

Buittle is an ecclesiastical and civil parish in Dumfries and Galloway, southwest Scotland, in the traditional county of Kirkcudbrightshire. It lies to the west of the Urr Water, between Dalbeattie and Castle Douglas, and extends from Haugh of Urr in the north to Almorness Point on the Solway Firth in the south. The main settlement is the small village of Palnackie.

Etymology
The name is derived from Old English bōtl, meaning "a dwelling, dwelling-place, house", giving Buittle the same etymology as Bootle in England.

History
Northumbrian expansion into what was the kingdoms of Rheged and Strathclyde in the 7th and 8th centuries left a number of Anglian names throughout southwest Scotland, and it would appear that the name Buittle is one of these relics.

Buittle was in the semi-independent Kingdom of Galloway which is recorded between the 11th and 13th century. It remained part of that lordship until Dervorguilla, daughter of the last King, Alan of Galloway, married the Anglo-Norman John de Baliol in 1223. John and Dervorguilla raised Buittle Castle to replace an earlier motte, and the remains of the castle can still be seen.

John de Baliol established Balliol College, one of the oldest colleges of the University of Oxford, in around 1263. Following his death in 1269 Dervorguilla provided the college with a permanent endowment, and her statutes of 1282 are preserved by the college. The statutes conclude with the sentence "Dat' apud Botel in octauis Assumpcionis gloriose uirginis Marie anno gracie MCC octogesimo secundo." That is, "Given at Buittle, in the octave of the Assumption of the Glorious Virgin Mary, in the year of Grace one thousand two hundred and eighty two."

Buittle became the Scottish residence of their son John Balliol, who was King of Scotland from 1292 to 1296. Galloway remained faithful to King John and his son Edward Balliol throughout the Wars of Scottish Independence, which saw the Balliols defeated the Robert the Bruce and his son David II. The latter, in 1369, appointed Archibald the Grim as Lord of Galloway, "becaus he tuke git trawell to purge the cuntrey of Englis blude". Archibald forbore to remain at Buittle and took up the residence of the older Kings of Galloway at Kirkcudbright.

Old Place of Buittle also known as Buittle Tower, late C16 fortified house.

Buittle Parish Church

The present Buittle Parish Church, now closed, was built in 1818 by architect Walter Newall to replace a medieval church, the remains of which stand in the churchyard. This church was dedicated  to Saint Colman, the nave has been dated to the 13th century. Around 1381 the church was given to the monks of Sweetheart Abbey at New Abbey. The old church is a scheduled monument.

See also
List of listed buildings in Buittle, Dumfries and Galloway
Buittle Place
Orchardton Tower

References

External links

Buittle Parish Home Page
History of Buittle Castle
Inscriptions and Photographs of Buittle Gravestones

Parishes in Dumfries and Galloway
Kirkcudbrightshire
India General Service Medal

The India General Service Medal can refer to any one of five medals, each issued by the British government as campaign medals for military service in India, over the course of around 130 years:
 Army of India Medal (1803–1826)
 India General Service Medal (1854–95)
 India Medal (1895–1902)
 India General Service Medal (1908–1935)
 India General Service Medal (1936–39)

With the outbreak of the Second World War and Indian independence in 1947, no further medals in this series were issued.
Anton Pierre

Anton Pierre (born 23 September 1977 in Port of Spain) is a football defender from Trinidad and Tobago. He began playing club football with St. Ann's Rangers before spending most of his career with Defence Force. He obtained 52 caps and scored 1 goal for the national team between 1996 and 2005. In May 2005 he was left out of the national team by new coach Leo Beenhakker, but he was called up as a standby player to the 2006 World Cup.

Clubs
 Defence Force

References

External links
Bio at socawarriors.net

1977 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Trinidad and Tobago men's international footballers
Defence Force F.C. players
La Horquetta Rangers F.C. players
TT Pro League players
2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Footballers from Port of Spain
Fucus spiralis

Fucus spiralis is a species of seaweed, a brown alga (Heterokontophyta, Phaeophyceae), living on the littoral shore of the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America. It has the common names of spiral wrack and flat wrack.

Description
Fucus spiralis is olive brown in colour and similar to Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus. It grows to about 30 cm long and branches somewhat irregularly dichotomous and is attached, generally to rock, by a discoid holdfast. The flattened blade has a distinct mid-rib and is usually spirally twisted without a serrated edge, as in Fucus serratus, and it does not show air-vesicles, as Fucus vesiculosus.

Life history
The reproductive bodies form rounded swollen tips on the branches, usually in pairs.
In the conceptacles oögonia and antheridia are produced after meiosis and then released. Fertilisation follows and the zygote develops directly into the diploid sporophyte plant.

Ecology
The other common species of Fucus on the coasts of British Isles: Fucus spiralis, Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus along with Ascophyllum nodosum form the main and dominant seaweeds on rocky shores. These three species, along with two others Pelvetia canaliculata and Ascophyllum nodosum form the zones along the shore.

Distribution
F. spiralis is common on the coasts all around the British Isles, western coasts of Europe, Canary Islands and North-eastern America.

Chemistry
Fucus spiralis produces phlorotannins of both the fucol and fucophlorethol types.

See also
 Fucus vesiculosus
 Fucus serratus

References

External links

Biota of the Atlantic Ocean
Edible algae
Species described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Fucaceae
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan

Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan  is an Indian educational trust. It was founded on 7 November 1938 by K.M  Munshi, with the support of Mahatma Gandhi. The trust programmes through its 119 centres in India, 7 centres abroad and 367 constituent institutions, cover "all aspects of life from the cradle to the grave and beyond – it fills a growing vacuum in modern life", as Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru observed when he first visited the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan in 1950.

Organisation 
The trust operates a number of primary and secondary institutes in India and abroad. It organizes and runs 100 private schools in India. The schools are known as Bharatiya Vidya Mandir, Bhavan's Vidya Mandir, or Bhavan's Vidyalaya.

The Bhavan significantly grew as a cultural organization and became a global foundation under the leadership of Sundaram Ramakrishnan who took over as the director after the death of Munshi in 1971. The first foreign centre was opened in London in 1972.

Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan's Sanskritik Kendra (The Museum) 
The Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan's Sanskritik is located at Koradi, Nagpur. It is a magnificent structure spanning two floors, each covering an area of 14,760 sq. ft.

The first floor houses the remarkable "Ramayana Darshanam Hall," a unique exhibition complex where the entire story of Lord Rama is narrated through captivating murals and oil paintings. This hall showcases 120 magnificent paintings portraying significant episodes from the Ramayana, from the birth of Sri Rama to his glorious coronation. Accompanying these masterpieces are informative write-ups in English, Hindi, and Marathi, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the epic tale.

The second floor, houses the "Bharata Mata Sadanam," a tribute to India's valiant freedom fighters and defense personnel, designed to instill a deep sense of patriotism. Within this hall,  a bronze statue of Bharata Mata, along with 115 paintings depicting the heroic struggles of freedom fighters from 1857 to 1947. Additionally, it showcase 21 Paramvir Chakra Awardees and 14 paintings that vividly depict various pivotal events from India's freedom struggle, each accompanied by explanatory write-ups.

The Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan's Sanskritik can be visited from 10:00am - 6:00pm and tickets can be booked via the official website . Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan selected and signed an MoU with Zipr to manage the visitors, and ticketing platform. 

Smt. Droupadi Murmu, the President of India, inaugurated the Bhartiya Vidhya Bhavan on July 05, 2023

Board members
The current President of the Bhavan is Surendralal Mehta, and the Vice-President is Bellur Srikrishna.

See also
 Universities and colleges affiliated with the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan

References

External links 

 
 Bhartiya Vidhya Bhavan Sanskratik Kendra

 
Educational organisations based in India
Private schools in Kochi
Private schools in Thiruvananthapuram
Recipients of the Gandhi Peace Prize
Universities and colleges affiliated with the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
Sanskrit revival
1938 establishments in India
Kojic acid

Kojic acid is an organic compound with the formula .  It is a derivative of 4-pyrone that functions in nature as a chelation agent produced by several species of fungi, especially Aspergillus oryzae, which has the Japanese common name koji. Kojic acid is a by-product in the fermentation process of malting rice, for use in the manufacturing of sake, the Japanese rice wine.  It is a mild inhibitor of the formation of pigment in plant and animal tissues, and is used in food and cosmetics to preserve or change colors of substances. It forms a bright red complex with ferric ions.

Biosynthesis
13C-Labeling studies have revealed at least two pathways to kojic acid.  In the usual route, dehydratase enzymes convert glucose to kojic acid. Pentoses are also viable precursors in which case dihydroxyacetone is invoked as an intermediate.

Applications
Kojic acid may be used on cut fruits to prevent oxidative browning, in seafood to preserve pink and red colors, and in cosmetics to lighten skin.  As an example of the latter, it is used to treat skin diseases like melasma. Kojic acid also has antibacterial and antifungal properties.
The cocrystals of kojic acid with quercetin were found to have two times better cytotoxic activity to human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and human colon cancer cells (Caco-2) in comparison with quercetin itself.

Other effects
Kojic acid has been shown to protect Chinese hamster ovary cells against ionizing radiation-induced damage. When exposed to a lethal dose of 3 Gy gamma radiation, dogs pretreated with kojic acid had a 51-day survival rate of 66.7% while the control group died within 16 days.

Chemical reactions

Deprotonation of the ring-OH group converts kojic acid to kojate. Kojate chelates to iron(III), forming a red complex . This kind of reaction may be the basis of the biological function of kojic aicd, that is,  to solubilize ferric iron.

Being a multifunctional molecule, kojic acid has diverse organic chemistry.  The hydroxymethyl group gives the chloromethyl derivative upon treatment with thionyl chloride.

References

External links
Safety MSDS data
 

Food additives
4-Pyrones
Primary alcohols
Enols
Koji

Koji, Kōji, Kohji or Kouji may refer to:

Kōji (given name), a masculine Japanese given name
Kōji (Heian period) (康治), Japanese era, 1142–1144
Kōji (Muromachi period) (弘治), Japanese era, 1555–1558
Koji orange, a Japanese citrus cultivar
Andrew Koji Shiraki (born 1987), singer/songwriter known as Koji
Koji, the software that builds RPM packages for the Fedora project
Koji, the common name of the fungus Aspergillus oryzae
Koji, an interactive content creation tool from GoMeta

See also
Kojii, music project by Kojii Helnwein
Coji-Coji (コジコジ), an anime series sometimes romanized Koji Koji
Bloom (test)

Bloom is a test to measure the strength of a gel or gelatin. The test was originally developed and patented in 1925 by Oscar T. Bloom. The test determines the weight in grams needed by a specified plunger (normally with a diameter of 0.5 inch) to depress the surface of the gel by 4 mm without breaking it at a specified temperature. The number of grams is called the Bloom value, and most gelatins are between 30 and 300 g Bloom. The higher a Bloom value, the higher the melting and gelling points of a gel, and the shorter its gelling times.  This method is most often used on soft gels. To perform the Bloom test on gelatin, a 6.67% gelatin solution is kept for 17–18 hours at 10 °C prior to being tested.

Various gelatins are categorized as "low Bloom", "medium Bloom", or "high Bloom", but there are not universally defined specific values for these subranges. Gelatin is a biopolymer material composed of polypeptide chains of varying length. The longer the chain, the higher the Bloom number:

See also
 Durometer

References

External links
 

Hardness tests
Gels
Brent Rahim

Brent Dominic Rahim (born 8 August 1978) is a Trinidad and Tobago former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Career
Rahim was born in Diego Martin. He played at the University of Connecticut, and was drafted to Los Angeles Galaxy in the 2001 MLS SuperDraft. He rejected the transfer and signed for Joe Public in his home country. He later played abroad, including a short spell in English club West Ham United where he was loaned to Northampton Town where he netted once against Queens Park Rangers in early 2003.

Rahim got 49 caps and scored 3 goals for the Trinidad and Tobago national team between 2000 and 2005. In May 2005 he was left out of the national team by new coach Leo Beenhakker, but he was called up as a standby player to the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

References

External links
Bio at socawarriors.net

1978 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Trinidad and Tobago men's international footballers
Joe Public F.C. players
PFC Levski Sofia players
West Ham United F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Falkirk F.C. players
IF Sylvia players
San Juan Jabloteh F.C. players
TT Pro League players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
LA Galaxy draft picks
UConn Huskies men's soccer players
English Football League players
Scottish Football League players
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate men's footballers
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
Alumni of the University of London
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Asha, Russia

Asha () is a town and the administrative center of Ashinsky District in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Sim River (a tributary of the Belaya),  west of Chelyabinsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:

History
It was founded in 1898 and was granted town status on June 20, 1933.

On June 4, 1989, the Ufa train disaster—a huge liquefied petroleum gas explosion that killed or injured 1,200 people—occurred near Asha.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Asha serves as the administrative center of Ashinsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Ashinsky District as the Town of Asha. As a municipal division, the Town of Asha is incorporated within Ashinsky Municipal District as Ashinskoye Urban Settlement.

Sports
Asha is known for Adzhigardak, its ski resort.

References

Notes

Sources

External links
Official website of Asha 
Directory of organizations in Asha 

Cities and towns in Chelyabinsk Oblast
Monotowns in Russia
Broad

Broad(s) or The Broad(s) may refer to:

People 

 A slang term for a woman.
 Broad (surname), a surname

Places 

 Broad Peak, on the border between Pakistan and China, the 12th highest mountain on Earth
 The Broads, a network of mostly navigable rivers and lakes in the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, United Kingdom 
The Broads include several areas of navigable water known as Broads; the largest is Hickling Broad (see :Category:Norfolk Broads) 
 The Broads (New Hampshire), a wide portion of Lake Winnipesaukee in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States
 Broad Bay (disambiguation)
 Broad Canal, East Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
 Broad Channel, a neighborhood in Queens, United States
 Broad Crag, a fell in the English Lake District, United Kingdom
 Broad Creek (disambiguation)
 Broad River (disambiguation)
 Broad Run (disambiguation)
 Broad Sound (disambiguation)
 Broad Valley, Graham Land, Antarctica
 Broad Water, a salt water lagoon near Tywyn, Wales, United Kingdom
 Tixall Wide, also known as The Broad Water, a body of water in Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom

Other uses 

 Broad Avenue, a street and arts district in Memphis, Tennessee
 Broad Street (disambiguation)
 Broad Group, a manufacturing company based in Changsha
 Broad (British coin), an English gold coin minted under the Commonwealth
 Broad Institute, a genomic research institute
 an 18th-century slang term for a playing card
 The Broad, a modern art museum in Los Angeles, California
 The Broad (folk custom), a hooded-animal tradition in the Cotswolds, England

See also
 Broad gauge, rail gauge greater than the standard gauge of 4′ 8½″
 Broad church, Latitudinarian churchmanship in the Church of England
 Broad Front (disambiguation)
 Broad Wall (Jerusalem), an ancient defensive wall
 Broad Dyke, built by the Dutch in 1655 in New Castle, Delaware
Dale Saunders (football)

Dale Saunders (born 9 November 1973 on Trinidad) is a former football player and now football coach from Trinidad and Tobago. He earned 48 caps and scored 4 goals for the national team between 1997 and 2003. He played as a midfielder. Since 2016 he's the coach of Central F.C. until he left in September 2017.

Clubs
 Mucurapo Senior Comprehensive
 Starworld Strikers
 San Juan Jabloteh
 Joe Public F.C.

External links
Bio at socawarriors.net

References 

1973 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago men's footballers
Trinidad and Tobago men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
South Starworld Strikers F.C. players
San Juan Jabloteh F.C. players
Joe Public F.C. players
TT Pro League players
1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
The Irish Echo

The Irish Echo is a weekly Irish-American newspaper based in Manhattan in the United States. In 2007, Máirtín Ó Muilleoir, Irish businessman and publisher of the Andersonstown News, purchased the paper.

Founded in 1928, it bills itself as "the USA's most widely read Irish-American newspaper", with a circulation of about 60,000 and a readership of about 100,000. According to The Irish Echos media kit, the newspaper is printed in both the United States and Ireland and has "newsstand presence in all major American and Irish cities". Irish writers John B. Keane, Brian Friel, and Tom Caulfield all contributed to the paper in the past.

Events
Events associated with The Irish Echo include:
 "Top 40 under 40 Irish and Irish Americans" - This event is a celebration of Irish and Irish Americans who have distinguished themselves in their respective fields of work before reaching the age of forty. The Top 40 Under 40 will spotlight the up-and-coming leaders of Irish America from around the nation who work in a variety of fields and occupations.
 "Law and Order Awards" - An annual event which celebrates men and women in law enforcement.
 "Community Champion Awards" - Awards which "are open to people from all walks of life".
 "The First Responder Awards" - Awards for those in Fire and EMS departments around the US, and are nominated by the public.

See also

References

External links

International newspapers
Irish-American culture in New York City
National newspapers published in the United States
Newspapers published in New York City
Newspapers published in Ireland
Newspapers established in 1928
Lyndon Andrews

Lyndon Andrews (born 20 January 1976) is a football midfielder from Trinidad and Tobago.

International career
He earned 45 caps for the national team between 1996 and 2005.

Clubs
 Superstar Rangers (1994–1996)
 Joe Public (1997–1999) 30 Lge apps (3 Goals)
 W Connection (1999–2000)
 Hibernian (2000–2002) 13 Lge apps
 W Connection (2002–2003)
 South Starworld Strikers (2004) (5 Goals)
 Joe Public (2005–2008) (4 Goals)
 Ma Pau SC (2009-2011) 41 lge apps (3 Goals)

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago men's footballers
Hibernian F.C. players
Trinidad and Tobago men's international footballers
Scottish Premier League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland
W Connection F.C. players
South Starworld Strikers F.C. players
Joe Public F.C. players
TT Pro League players
La Horquetta Rangers F.C. players
1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Men's association football midfielders
1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Ma Rong

Ma Rong (; 79–166), courtesy name Jichang (), was a Chinese poet and politician of the Eastern Han dynasty. He was born in Youfufeng () in the former Han capital region, in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi Province. His father Ma Yan (马严) was a son of Ma Yu (马余), an elder brother of the famed general Ma Yuan. He was known for his commentaries on the books on the Five Classics, and the first scholar known to have done this. He also developed the double column commentary while doing it. His notable students were Lu Zhi and Zheng Xuan.

He was suspended for ten years due to critical comments. Eventually he was restored to the Governor of Nan Commandery (modern Hubei). His biography appears in the Book of Later Han (volume 60, part 1). He wrote the Rhapsody on Long Flute (); the Song dynasty Classic of Loyalty (), patterned after the Classic of Filial Piety, bears attribution to his name.

References

  王煦华, 马融. Encyclopedia of China (Chinese History Edition), 1st ed.
  费振刚, 马融. Encyclopedia of China (Chinese Literature Edition), 1st ed.

79 births
166 deaths
Chinese Confucianists
Han dynasty essayists
2nd-century Chinese poets
Han dynasty government officials
Poets from Shaanxi
Politicians from Xianyang
Writers from Xianyang
2nd-century Chinese philosophers
2nd-century Confucianists
Superior thoracic artery

The superior thoracic artery (highest thoracic artery) is a small artery located near the armpit. It usually arises from (the first division of) the axillary artery, but may sometimes instead arise from the thoracoacromial artery (itself a branch of the second division of the axillary artery). It supplies the pectoralis minor and major muscles, and the chest wall.

Anatomy

Course and relations 
It passes anteromedially along medial upper border of the pectoralis before passing between pectoralis minor and pectoralis major to reach the chest wall.

Anastomoses 
It forms anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, and upper intercostal arteries.

References

External links
 

Arteries of the upper limb
Danny Sheaffer

Danny Todd Sheaffer (born August 2, 1961) is an American former Major League Baseball catcher and third baseman and former manager of the Princeton Rays, the Rookie League affiliate of the Tampa Bay Rays. Scheaffer was a minor league baseball coach within the Houston Astros organization.  From 2009 through 2012, he was the minor league catching instructor.  Previously, he was the manager of the Round Rock Express (2007), the Astros' Triple-A affiliate, and the Memphis Redbirds (2003–2006).

Early and personal life
Sheaffer was born on August 2, 1961, in Jacksonville, Florida. He is an alumnus of Clemson University.

Playing career
Drafted by the Boston Red Sox in the 1st round of the 1981 MLB amateur draft, Sheaffer would make his Major League Baseball debut with the Boston Red Sox on April 9, 1987, and appear in his final game on September 27, 1997.

Sheaffer was a member of the inaugural Colorado Rockies team that began play in Major League Baseball in 1993.

Sheaffer finished out his playing career with the St. Louis Cardinals. He played 25 games for the Memphis Redbirds, Cards' Triple-A team.

Coaching
In the middle of the 2003 season, the Memphis Redbirds named Sheaffer as their manager, replacing Tom Spencer. During his tenure, the Redbirds went 244-266 (.478), with one second-place finish and two third-place finishes in the Pacific Coast League's American Northern division.

On November 23, 2009, Sheaffer joined the Houston Astros organization as a catching coordinator in its minor league system. His contract was not renewed by the Astros after the 2012 season.

Scheaffer was named manager of the Princeton Rays of the Appalachian League on January 24, 2013.

References

External links

Baseball players from Jacksonville, Florida
1961 births
Living people
Boston Red Sox players
Cleveland Indians players
Colorado Rockies players
Eugene Emeralds managers
St. Louis Cardinals players
Major League Baseball catchers
Major League Baseball third basemen
Clemson Tigers baseball players
Memphis Redbirds players
Portland Beavers players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Pawtucket Red Sox players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
New Britain Red Sox players
Bristol Red Sox players
Winter Haven Red Sox players
Winston-Salem Spirits players
Elmira Pioneers players
Memphis Redbirds managers
Buckwha Creek

Buckwha Creek is a  tributary of Aquashicola Creek in the Poconos of eastern Pennsylvania in the United States.

The creek originates in a swamp to the southwest of Saylorsburg, flowing southwest along the northwest side of Chestnut Ridge. About five miles below its source, it is dammed to form Princess Lake, about a mile above Kunkletown.

Buckwha Creek cuts south through Chestnut Ridge at Little Gap and joins Aquashicola Creek approximately  downstream.

Tributaries
Hunter Creek
Borger Creek
Chapple Creek
Princess Run

See also
List of rivers of Pennsylvania

References

Tributaries of the Lehigh River
Rivers of Pennsylvania
Pocono Mountains
Rivers of Monroe County, Pennsylvania
Rivers of Carbon County, Pennsylvania
Arthur Gillette

Arthur Jay Gillette (October 28, 1869 – March 21, 1921) was an American orthopedic and pediatric surgeon, after whom the Gillette State Hospital for Crippled Children (now the Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare) in St. Paul, Minnesota was named.

Arthur J. Gillette grew up on a farm in what is now South St. Paul, son of Albert and Ellen Gillette and  attended Hamline University in the early 1880s. In 1883, Arthur Gillette decided to become a doctor and studied at the Minnesota Hospital College and the St. Paul Medical College in downtown St. Paul. After his graduation he moved to New York and  studied orthopaedic surgery under the renowned Dr. Lewis Albert Sayer and Dr. Newton Shaffer. 

Dr. Gillette returned to Minnesota in 1888 where orthopaedic surgery became his specialty. By 1890, Dr. Gillette was Minnesota's first full-time orthopaedist and was an instructor at the University of Minnesota Medical School in what he called "this almost new science" of orthopaedic surgery.
	
On April 23, 1897, the legislature gave the University of Minnesota the authority to establish a "Minnesota Institute for Crippled and Indigent Children." A ward was set aside at City and County Hospital in St. Paul the state providing braces and surgical appliances at minimal cost.  The regents named Dr. Gillette chief surgeon and Dr. Gillette's medical school colleagues agreed to donate their services.
  	  	  	
Dr. Gillette married Katherine Kennedy, a school teacher at the hospital, in 1905. The couple began an annual tradition of inviting young patients to have a picnic on the grounds of their St. Paul mansion.
  	  	  	  	
The number of patients Dr. Gillette served outgrew the space at City and County Hospital and the need for a separate institution was apparent. Citizens of St. Paul, the Business League and the Commercial Club of St. Paul donated  in Phalen Park and its new facilities opened in 1911.  

On March 21, 1921, Dr. Gillette died at the age of 57. He had been responsible for the treatment of 4,171 children. More than 80 percent were cured or discharged as improved and able to live independently. In 1925, in memory of Dr. Gillette, the hospital was renamed the Gillette State Hospital for Crippled Children (now Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare).

References
Koop, Steven E., We hold this treasure: the story of Gillette Children's Hospital, Afton, Minnesota: Afton Historical Society Press, c 1998.

External links
Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare

American orthopedic surgeons
1869 births
1921 deaths
Hamline University alumni
American pediatric surgeons
Physicians from Minnesota
19th-century American physicians
19th-century surgeons
20th-century American physicians
20th-century surgeons
University of Minnesota faculty
Shurland David

Shurland David (born 19 August 1974) is a retired football defender and manager from Trinidad and Tobago.

Playing career 
David began his career in 1997 with Joe Public, and later played in the TT Pro League with San Juan Jabloteh. In 2001, he played abroad in the Canadian Professional Soccer League with Ottawa Wizards. Throughout his tenure with Ottawa he achieved a CPSL Championship, and a CPSL League Cup. In 2003, he returned to Trinidad to play with Caledonia AIA, and concluded his career with Starworld Strikers, and East/West Coaching School.

International career
David made his debut for the national team on 4 January 1998 against the Barbados national team in a friendly match, and made 44 appearances for the national team. He played in the 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup, 1998 Caribbean Cup, and 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup.

Managerial career  
In 2010, David was elevated from an assistant coach to interim head coach for North East Stars F.C. in order to replace Rod Underwood. In 2011, he was dismissed from his post after a series of poor results. In 2017, he managed in the National Super League with WASA F.C.

References

1974 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago men's footballers
Trinidad and Tobago men's international footballers
Joe Public F.C. players
South Starworld Strikers F.C. players
TT Pro League players
TT Pro League managers
Morvant Caledonia United players
San Juan Jabloteh F.C. players
Ottawa Wizards players
1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Men's association football defenders
Canadian Soccer League (1998–present) players
Trinidad and Tobago football managers
AC Port of Spain managers
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate men's footballers
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Expatriate men's soccer players in Canada
Conduritol

Conduritol or 1,2,3,4-cyclohexenetetrol is any of the organic compounds with chemical formula C6H10O4, that can be seen as derivatives of cyclohexene with four hydroxyl groups (OH) replacing hydrogen atoms on the four carbon atoms not adjacent to the double bond. They are therefore cyclic polyols or cyclitols.

The compounds in this group exhibit cis–trans isomerism, with six isomers that differ by the relative positions of the hydroxyls compared to the mean plane of the ring. In addition, some of these can exist as two distinct enantiomers.

Only the A and B isomers have been found in nature. The first conduritol was isolated in 1908 by K. Kübler from the bark of the vine Marsdenia cundurango, hence its name. A number of conduritol derivatives has antifeedant, antibiotic, tumour-inhibitory, antileukemic, and growth-regulating activity.

See also
 Inositol

References

Cyclitols
Cyclohexenes
Andrew Wiggin

Andrew Wiggin may refer to:

 Andrew Wiggin (judge) (1671–1756), American judge
 Andrew "Ender" Wiggin, fictional title character in the Ender's Game science fiction novel series

See also
Andrew Wiggins (born 1995), Canadian basketball player
Andrew Higgins (disambiguation)