alibayram/wikipedia-40-langs huggingface dataset:
Lien waiver

In the mechanics lien process, a lien waiver is a document from a contractor, subcontractor, materials supplier, equipment lessor or other party to the construction project (the claimant) stating they have received payment and waive any future lien rights to the property (of the owner) for the amount paid. There are typically four types of lien waivers:

Conditional waiver on progress payment – The safest waiver for claimants, this waiver generally specifies that if they have indeed been paid to date (and that includes no return or stopped payment checks) the waiver is an effective proof against any lien claim on the property.
Unconditional waiver on progress payment – This waiver releases all claimant rights through a specific date unconditionally (and that includes no return or stopped payment checks).
Conditional waiver on final payment – This waiver releases all claimant rights to file a mechanics lien if they have indeed been paid to date (and that includes no return or stopped payment checks).
Unconditional final waiver final payment – The safest waiver for owners, this waiver generally releases all rights of the claimant to place a mechanics lien on the owners property unconditionally.  It is immaterial if the payment check has been returned or stopped payment.  Claimants should issue this type of release only when they are positive their work is done and the payment has cleared their bank.  Owners should demand this release when they are paid in full. Some states allow an Unconditional Release upon final payment that is used to induce the final payment.  It is an inherent vagary in the lien release law.

In the United States, some states only use a conditional waiver on progress payment and an unconditional waiver on final payment.

The mechanics lien process can be of great value to claimants in enforcing their claims, if done according to the laws of the various states, or the federal government. These parties are entitled to be paid for their material or labor contributions to the improvement of real property. Most forms for the process can be obtained from local office supply stores, and a few computer programs exist to handle the process on a nationwide basis.

References

Property law
Kremer Racing

Kremer Racing is a motorsports team based in Cologne, Germany, founded by racing driver Erwin Kremer and his brother Manfred.  They have competed internationally with Porsches for nearly all of their existence, and were even one of the factory-backed squads for many years. Besides running Porsches, the team was also known for their tuned Porsche race cars that they both raced and sold to other teams who could not gain the best equipment from the factory.

History
Among Kremer's greatest achievements were:  Winning the 1979 24 Hours of Le Mans with their own 935 K3 with Klaus Ludwig and American brothers Don and Bill Whittington. Kremer Racing later won the 24 Hours of Daytona in a K8 Spyder in 1995 with drivers Jürgen Lässig, Christophe Bouchut, Giovanni Lavaggi and Marco Werner.

After surviving a heart attack two years earlier, the company's founder Erwin died in 2006 and the managing director Uwe Sauer is at the helm of the team, even when younger brother Manfred Kremer bought it back in 2008, before selling it to Mr.Baunach in 2010.

Tuned Porsches

In the 1970s, Kremer initially tuned 911s, 914-6 GTs, and 934s. However, with the Porsche 935, Kremer began designating their tuned models with the letter K, followed by a number in order of construction. Eight cars were designated as such.
 935 K1 - Their first privately built 935 in 1976
 935 K2 - An improvement on K1 in 1977.
 935 K3 - An attempt to mimic the Evolution bodywork on the factory 935/78s. The most successful 935 variant, due to its technical advantage running an air/air intercooler instead of the air/water units used by the Porsche factory. Winner of Le Mans 24 Hours in 1979.
 935 K4 - An all-new variant of the 935 for the early 1980s, featuring a space frame
 CK5 - A custom-built Group C prototype based on a 936 meant as a temporarily replacement until the 956 was available for customers in 1983.
 962CK6 - An improvement on the factory 962
 CK7 Spyder - An open-cockpit prototype using 962 mechanicals used in Interserie
 K8 Spyder - An improved version of the K7 for use in the International Sports Racing Series and 24 Hours of Le Mans.

Kremer also built a 917 for use in the 1981 24 Hours of Le Mans, and would also make improvements on the 911 GT1 and GT2 in the 1990s.

References

External links

Kremer Racing 
Kremer Racing: Eberhard Baunach übernimmt das Steuer bei prestigecars.de 

Auto racing teams in Germany
24 Hours of Le Mans teams
World Sportscar Championship teams
FIA GT Championship teams
FIA Sportscar Championship entrants
German racecar constructors
Porsche in motorsport
Josiah S. Johnston

Josiah Stoddard Johnston (November 24, 1784May 19, 1833) was a United States representative and Senator from Louisiana. Born in Salisbury, Connecticut, he moved with his father to Kentucky in 1788, and went to Connecticut to attend primary school. He graduated from Transylvania University (Lexington, Kentucky) in 1802, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Alexandria, Louisiana (then the Territory of Orleans). He was a member of the Territorial legislature from 1805 to 1812 and during the War of 1812 raised and organized a regiment for the defense of New Orleans, but reached the city after the battle. He engaged in agricultural pursuits and was a State district judge from 1812 to 1821.

Johnston was elected to the Seventeenth Congress, serving from March 4, 1821 to March 3, 1823; he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1822 to the Eighteenth Congress. In 1824 he was appointed to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James Brown; he elected to the Senate in 1825 and was reelected in 1831, serving from January 15, 1824, until his death, caused by an explosion on the steamboat Lioness, on the Red River in Louisiana, May 19, 1833. While in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee on Commerce (Nineteenth Congress); interment was in Rapides Cemetery, Pineville, Louisiana.

Family
His half-brother, Albert Sidney Johnston, was a Confederate Army general during the American Civil War. His son, J. Stoddard Johnston (1833–1913), a journalist and editor, also served during the War, eventually becoming Kentucky's Secretary of State.

See also

 List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)

References

1784 births
1833 deaths
People from Salisbury, Connecticut
United States senators from Louisiana
American people of the War of 1812
Transylvania University alumni
Burials at Cave Hill Cemetery
Accidental deaths in Louisiana
Deaths due to ship fires
Louisiana National Republicans
National Republican Party United States senators
Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Louisiana
19th-century American legislators
Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's trap

The men's individual trap shooting competition was one of 15 shooting sports events on the Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. It was held from 8 to 11 July. Each nation could enter up to 12 shooters. There were 61 competitors from 8 nations. Canada took the top two spots, with Walter Ewing earning gold and George Beattie silver. There were two bronze medals awarded after Alexander Maunder of Great Britain and Anastasios Metaxas tied for third place. The medals were the first in the event for all three nations (France had swept the medals in 1900). Ewing also received Lord Westbury's Cup as a challenge prize.

The weather was bad, with extreme rain and wind as well as low light.

Background

This was the second appearance of what would become standardised as the men's ISSF Olympic trap event. The event was held at every Summer Olympics from 1896 to 1924 (except 1904, when no shooting events were held) and from 1952 to 2016; it was open to women from 1968 to 1996.

Belgium, Canada, Finland, Greece, the Netherlands, and Sweden each made their debut in the event. France and Great Britain both made their second appearance, having competed at the prior edition of the event in 1900.

Competition format

Shooting was conducted in three rounds, with each shooter firing at 30 clay birds in the first round, 20 in the second, and 30 in the third. In the first and second rounds, and for 20 of the birds in the third round, the shooting was on "Team System," meaning that the shooter knew which trap the bird would come from but not the angle; for the final 10 birds of the third round, the shooting was on the "Single Fire" system, with unknown traps and angles. Eliminations took place after each round. These eliminations were supposed to remove half of the competitors between the first and second rounds, and half the remaining between the second and third; but the number of finalists was much greater than one-quarter the number of competitors.

28 shooters advanced to the final round, though 7 did not finish it. The highest possible aggregate score was 80 points.

Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows. 

Walter Ewing set the initial Olympic record for the 80-shot event with 72 points.

Schedule

Results

The Official Report gives a list of competitors, but gives scores only for those reaching the final round.

Canada objected to the first day of scores and was permitted to re-shoot. John Postans of Great Britain withdrew, with no recorded reason but likely because of that decision; Postans had been tied with Charles Palmer and Bob Hutton for the lead at 23, but Canadian Walter Ewing shot a 27 in the re-shoot.

References

Sources
 
 

Men's trap individual
Trap at the Olympics
Gausfred II of Roussillon

Gausfred II (died 1074) was the count of Roussillon from 1013 or 1014 to his death. He was the son and successor of Count Giselbert I, who was also count of Empúries, and Beliarda.

As soon as he ascended the throne, he had to confront an invasion by his uncle Hugh I of Empúries. This was the culmination of years of disputes between Hugh and Giselbert, heirs of Gausfred I, who divided his lands between his sons. Hugh and Gausfred II signed a peace treaty ending the wars and litigations in 1020.

Around 1040, when Hugh died, Gausfred and his son Giselbert took advantage of his son and successor Ponç and invaded the country. They pillaged as they went and sacked Empúries itself.

1074 deaths
Year of birth unknown
10th-century Visigothic people
11th-century Visigothic people
Chartwell Technology

Chartwell Technology was a gaming software developer focused largely on the online casino market. The company was based in Calgary.

History

Chartwell Technology was originally founded in British Columbia on 16 December 1987 as Napier Explorations Inc., a mineral exploration company with interests in mineral exploration in British Columbia. In 1989, the name changed to Brockton Resources Inc. In 1992, the company stopped its mineral activities and moved to oil and gas, changing its name to Chartwell Ventures Ltd.

In 1998, after acquiring Gateway Technology, a software developer, the company completely changed its business module by shifting to software developing and licensing. Few months later, on 8 December 1998, the name was eventually changed to Chartwell Technology Inc. In 2005, Chartwell acquired MicroPower, an online poker software developer.

The company developed a wide range of online casino games including slot games, table games and fixed odds games, mini games, and networked multiplayer baccarat and blackjack.

Chartwell Technology had over 130 employees in three countries, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Malta.

Chartwell provided gaming software to notable companies and websites to power their online games, such as Betfair, Bwin, Casinos Austria, Bet365, and 888casino. It also partnered with many gaming software developers, such as Macau-based  Entertasia and UK-based HoGaming.

Previously traded on the Alberta Stock Exchange and the TSX Venture Exchange, in 2004, Chartwell Technology was listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the trading symbol TSX:CWH, and delisted in May 2011 after Amaya's acquisition.

Acquisition

In July 2011, Chartwell Technology was sold to The Stars Group (then Amaya Gaming Group) in a $23 million deal. As a result, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Amaya Gaming Group Inc., and its name was changed to Amaya Alberta Inc. In 2015, Amaya sold the company—along with other subsidiaries, to Las Vegas-based NYX Gaming Group, which in turn was acquired a few years later by Scientific Games.

External links
Official website (archived)

References

Online gambling companies of Canada
The Stars Group
1987 establishments in British Columbia
Charles Lyell, 3rd Baron Lyell

Charles Lyell, 3rd Baron Lyell, DL (27 March 1939 – 11 January 2017) was a British politician and Conservative member of the House of Lords.

Lord Lyell was the son of Charles Lyell, 2nd Baron Lyell and Sophie Mary Trafford (1916–2012).

He succeeded to the peerage in 1943 at the age of 4 when his father was killed in action during the Second World War and was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford. On the formation of a Conservative government after the 1979 general election, Lord Lyell was made a House of Lords whip, serving until 1984. He was then moved to the Northern Ireland Office as a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State where he remained until he left the government in 1989.

With the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999, Lord Lyell along with almost all other hereditary peers lost his automatic right to sit in the House of Lords. He was however elected as one of the 92 elected hereditary peers to remain in the House of Lords pending completion of House of Lords reform.

He was a supporter of Everton Football Club and a shareholder. He said 
"I have been a great supporter, all round the world, of Everton Football Club. I am 200 miles from there now and 300 miles away when I am in Scotland. But thanks to the BBC World Service, when I have been in, for example, Seattle or elsewhere around the world, great happiness, or perhaps sometimes sadness, has been caused by Everton's results. I declare an interest also in that I am a shareholder."
However, his true football love was Forfar Athletic F.C. He was Honorary Patron of the Angus League Two side and had been a supporter since a young age. He was a regular visitor to Station Park, always sponsoring the last home game of the season.

He died on 11 January 2017. At that time, he was the third longest serving member of the House of Lords, after Lord Carrington and Lord Denham. The barony became extinct on his death.

References

Ministerial posts

External links
The Telegraph obituary

Lyell, Charles
Lyell, Charles
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Lyell, Charles Lyell, 3rd Baron
Lyell, Charles
Deputy Lieutenants of Angus
Schuyler family
Van Cortlandt family
English people of Dutch descent
Northern Ireland Office junior ministers
Hereditary peers elected under the House of Lords Act 1999
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale

The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (abbreviated CPSS) is a system used to diagnose a potential stroke in a prehospital setting. It tests three signs for abnormal findings which may indicate that the patient is having a stroke. If any one of the three tests shows abnormal findings, the patient may be having a stroke and should be transported to a hospital as soon as possible. The CPSS was derived from the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale developed in 1997 at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center for prehospital use.

Method
Facial droop: Have the person smile or show his or her teeth. If one side doesn't move as well as the other so it seems to droop, that could be a sign of a stroke.
 Normal: Both sides of face move equally
 Abnormal: One side of face does not move as well as the other (or at all)
Arm drift:  Have the person close his or her eyes and hold his or her arms straight out in front with palms facing up for about 10 seconds. If one arm does not move, or one arm winds up drifting down more than the other, that could be a sign of a stroke.
 Normal: Both arms move equally or not at all
 Abnormal: One arm does not move, or one arm drifts down compared with the other side
Speech:  Have the person say, "You can't teach an old dog new tricks," or some other simple, familiar saying. If the person slurs the words, gets some words wrong, or is unable to speak, that could be a sign of a stroke.
 Normal: Patient uses correct words with no slurring
 Abnormal: Slurred or inappropriate words or mute

Patients with 1 of these 3 findings as a new event have a 72% probability of an ischemic stroke.
If all 3 findings are present the probability of an acute stroke is more than 85%.

See also
Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS)

References

External links
 

Stroke
Medical assessment and evaluation instruments
Hector Jandany

Hector Jandany (c. 1927–10 September 2006) was an influential Australian painter and a representative of Aboriginal art.

Life 
He was born c.1929 in Warmun (Turkey Creek). His father died when he was still very young, but his mother got remarried quite soon. When he was about 10 years old  he went with his relatives to Argyle to see the country of his father. Jandany stayed there with his relatives for a long time and for some time he worked as a stockman. He eventually changed a lot of jobs, working on the Texas Downs station and as a cook. 
His position as a chairman at the school of Warmun had an important impact on his life. There he tried to reinforce the teaching of the local culture and he had a strong impact into the school.

Art 
Jandany's art is strongly influenced by his personal experiences as well as the Aboriginal tradition. Thus, the country of his mother is a constant motif in his paintings. He also paints often traditional dreaming stories from the Ngarrgoorroon country. He is particularly known for using earth tones and for his restrained use of colour. Since 1990 he has participated in numerous exhibitions.

Sources 
Useful information about Jandany and pictures of his paintings at Short Street Gallery
Similar content in Art Place site
Hector Chundaloo Jandany, c. 1927-2006

Australian Aboriginal artists
20th-century Australian painters
20th-century Australian male artists
1920s births
2006 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Indigenous Australians from Western Australia
People from Warmun Community
Australian male painters
Hussein al-Araj

Hussein Abdallah al-Araj () is a Palestinian former mayor and government minister. He was the acting mayor of Nablus, one of the largest cities in the West Bank. He was in office, heading a local government committee, from April 2004 to April 2005. He was succeeded by another local government committee led by Ghassan Hammouz. Al-Araj was also the Palestinian National Authority's Deputy Minister of Local Government in 2004-05.

In 2005, he complained that Nablus was closed off by the Israel Defense Forces for three years and concerning the Israeli West Bank barrier, he stated "Walls don't build peace, we learned that in Berlin... face to face contact do [build peace]."

References

Living people
Mayors of Nablus
Year of birth missing (living people)
Governors of Hebron Governorate
Government ministers of the State of Palestine
Academic staff of An-Najah National University
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Roosevelt University alumni
University of Jordan alumni
People from Jenin Governorate
Phil Cunningham

Phil Cunningham may refer to:

Phil Cunningham (basketball) (born 1966), basketball coach  
Phil Cunningham (folk musician) (born 1960), Scottish accordionist 
Phil Cunningham (rock musician) (born 1974), English guitarist
Phil Cunningham (producer), executive producer of Jungle Beat and other animation
Lambda Centauri

Lambda Centauri, Latinized from λ Centauri, is a star in the southern circumpolar constellation of Centaurus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +3.13, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye from the Southern Hemisphere and places it among the brighter members of this constellation. The star is close enough that its distance can be determined directly using the parallax technique, which gives a value of approximately  from the Sun. Although a putative solitary star, it has a candidate proper motion companion at an angular separation of 0.73 arcseconds along a position angle of 135°. The nebula IC 2944 lies nearby.

Lambda Centauri is a B-type giant star with a stellar classification of B9 III (although it has also been classified as A1 III). It has about 5.5 times the radius of the Sun and is rotating rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of . The latter is giving the star an oblate shape with an equatorial bulge that is 17% larger than the polar radius. The star's outer atmosphere has an effective temperature of 9,880 K, giving it a blue-white hue.

Based upon the position and movement of this star through space, it is a likely member of the Gould Belt. In particular, it belongs to the Lower Centaurus–Crux (LCC) group of the Scorpius–Centaurus association, which is the nearest OB association to the Sun. This is a loose grouping of stars that share a common motion through space and therefore formed in the same molecular cloud. The LCC group has an estimated age of 16–20 million years and is centered on a mean distance of  from Earth.

Gallery

References

B-type giants
Lower Centaurus Crux
Gould Belt

Centaurus
Centauri, Lambda
Durchmusterung objects
100841
056561
4467
Kato-chan Ken-chan Gokigen TV

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| starring             = Ken ShimuraCha Kato
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| theme_music_composer = Tsugutoshi Kato
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 is a Japanese television variety show that aired on Tokyo Broadcasting System around the mid-1980s. Starring Ken Shimura and Cha Kato, former members of the group The Drifters from Hachiji Dayo! Zen'in Shugo, the irreverent and satirical program would poke fun at contemporary society in Japan, and would feature comedy vignettes similar to those found on The Benny Hill Show or The Carol Burnett Show. Leslie Nielsen once made a special appearance on the show as well.

The duo also had a PC Engine video game, Kato-chan and Ken-chan, based on their antics, filled with toilet humor, and featuring them as the game's playable characters. It was translated and censored for a Western TurboGrafx-16 release as J.J. & Jeff due to copyright issues and the toilet humor.

 Home videos segment 
As the home camcorder became more popular in Japan, the show included a segment featuring viewer-submitted funny home videos (home movies), on which Ken and Kato would comment. In 1989, American producer Vin Di Bona initiated a partnership with Tokyo Broadcasting System to develop a similar program in the west, which ultimately led to the successful America's Funniest Home Videos (which is still on the air as of 2023) and other similar shows worldwide. Some videos seen in the first season of America's Funniest Home Videos originally aired on Fun TV with Kato-chan and Ken-chan, and the latter remains credited within all episodes of AFHV as the original inspiration for the former. ABC, which owns half of America's Funniest Home Videos, pays a royalty fee to the Tokyo Broadcasting System for the use of the format (even though Kato-chan and Ken-chan left the air in 1992). The British show You've Been Framed!'' (1990-2022) was similarly based on the same format.

References

External links
 "Tokyo Broadcasting Co. information about show"

Japanese variety television shows
1986 Japanese television series debuts
1992 Japanese television series endings
TBS Television (Japan) original programming
John S. Norris

John S. Norris (1804 – July 25, 1876) was an American architect.

He was born and raised in New York City, where he began his career as a mason. He advanced to being a builder and eventually listed himself in the telephone directory as an architect.

He went to Wilmington, North Carolina, in 1839, where he first supervised construction, and then received his first independent commission to design the Wilmington Custom House in 1843. While working on that commission, he was asked to design the Savannah Custom House in Savannah, Georgia, which was built from 1848 to 1852.  This led to numerous commissions in Savannah, including the Andrew Low House, the Mercer House, Massie Common School House and the Green-Meldrim House.  Norris also designed the Unitarian Church, which was originally built in 1853 on Oglethorpe Square; this church was designed for free people of color. The church has since been moved to Troup Square, where it is now The Unitarian Universalist Church of Savannah. Norris also designed light houses for the Savannah River and Cockspur Island.

Personal life
In 1853 Norris purchased what is now known as the Blauvelt-Norris-Burr-House in Blauvelt, New York, where he lived until his death in 1876 at the age of 72.

Norris was married to Sarah Ann, who died on May 23, 1865, at the age of 50.

Norris' daughter, Josephine M. Barlow, died on May 15, 1864, of heart disease. She had married Frederick C. Barlow three years earlier.

Publications
 John S. Norris: Architect in Savannah, Mary Lane Morrison (1980)

Gallery

References

1804 births
1876 deaths
Architects from New York City
19th-century American architects
Francesca Gargallo

Francesca Gargallo (25 November 1956 – 3 March 2022) was a Sicilian-born Mexican writer and poet.

Life and career
Born in Syracuse, Italy as Francesca Gargallo di Castel Lentini Celentani, she studied philosophy at the Università degli studi di Roma and then at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). A naturalized Mexican citizen, she lived in the country since 1979. She wrote many poetry books and novels such as; Calla mi amor que vivo, Estar en el mundo, La decisión del capitán, Marcha seca among others. Gargallo published work in magazines such as Proceso. Gargallo died of cancer on 3 March 2022, aged 65.

Selected works
 Al paso de los días, Editorial Terracota, Ciudad de México, 2013
 Marcha seca, Ediciones Era, México, 1999, 76 pp. 
 La decisión del capitán, Ediciones Era, México, 1997, 181 pp. .
 Los pescadores del Kukulkán, Aldus, México, 1995, 67 pp. .
 Estar en el mundo, Ediciones Era, México, 1994, 135 pp. .
 Calla mi amor que vivo, Ediciones Era, México, 1990, 147 pp. .
 Días sin Casura, Leega Literaria, México, 1986, 90 pp. .
 Días sin Casura, edición digital de Ars Longa, México, 2011, ISBN digital: 6326

References

External links

1956 births
2022 deaths
20th-century Mexican novelists
20th-century Mexican philosophers
20th-century Mexican poets
20th-century Mexican women writers
Mexican women novelists
Mexican women poets
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Italian emigrants to Mexico
Mexican people of Sicilian descent
Mexican women philosophers
People from Syracuse, Sicily
Deaths from cancer in Mexico
Cockspur Island

Cockspur Island is an island in the south channel of the Savannah River near Lazaretto Creek, northwest of Tybee Island, Georgia, United States.  Most of the island is within the boundaries of Fort Pulaski National Monument. The island was so named on account of its bent shape.  It was originally called Pepper Island and is also called Long Island.

Historic buildings on the island include Fort Pulaski (built in 1847) and the Cockspur Island Lighthouse (built in 1837–39), designed by John S. Norris, the New York City architect.

History
The founder of Methodism, John Wesley landed at the island on February 6, 1736, and a monument marks the spot where Wesley conducted a service of thanksgiving.  During the American Civil War, the Battle of Fort Pulaski was fought on the island, in which the United States Army captured the fort from the Confederate States Army on April 11, 1862.  Confederate soldiers were imprisoned in the fort. During the Spanish–American War, a coastal artillery battery, Battery Hambright, was built on the island; it was reactivated during World War I and World War II.The Emancipation Proclamation, issued on January 1. 1863, established that all enslaved people in Conferderate states in rebellion against the Union"shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free." But Many enslaved people, emancipation took longer to take effect. There is a photo of enslaved people outside their quarters on a plantation on Cockspur Island, Georgia, circa 1863.

Photos

References

Protected areas of Chatham County, Georgia
Islands of Georgia (U.S. state)
History of Methodism in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) Sea Islands
Islands of Chatham County, Georgia
Cattolica

Cattolica (; ) is a town and comune in the Province of Rimini, Italy, with 16,233 inhabitants as of 2007.

History
Archaeological excavations show that the area was already settled in Roman times.

Cattolica rose as a resting place for pilgrims who traveled the Bologna-Ancona-Rome route, on their way to the sanctuary of Loreto or to St. Peter's in Rome.
In 1500 it counted more than twenty taverns and inns. Only from the second half of the 19th century did the fishing industry became relevant in the economy of the town.

One of the first notable visitors to Cattolica's beach was Lucien Bonaparte, brother of the French Emperor, who preferred it to noisy Rimini, in 1823. The town became an independent commune in 1896.

After the end of World War I the tourism industry became predominant.

Main sights

Church of San Apollinare (13th century)
Torre Malatestiana (Malatesta tower) (1490)
Museo della Regina di Cattolica archaeological museum
S. Croce Gallery (16th century)
Watchtower (now included in a closed disco)
Le Navi, Aquarium of Cattolica

People 
 Cesare Pronti (1626–1708), painter
 Emilio Filippini (1870–1938), painter
 Guido Morganti (1891–1954), Righteous Among the Nations
 Egidio Renzi (1900–1944), martyr of Fosse Ardeatine
 Domenico Rasi (1924–1944), patriot
 Vanzio Spinelli (1924–1944), patriot
 Giuseppe Ricci,(1890-1972) politician
 Enrico Molari, motorcycle racer 
 Giovanna Filippini, politician
 Eraldo Pecci, (1955) footballer
 Alberta Ferretti (1950), fashion designer
 Umberto Paolucci (1944), Director of Microsoft Europe
 Vincenzo Cecchini (1934), painter
 Samuele Bersani (1970), singer
 Guido Paolucci (1932-2006), doctor
 Gianluca Magi, writer
 Marco Simoncelli (1987–2011), motorcycle racer
 Giampiero Ticchi (1959), basketball coach
 Andrea Cinciarini, basketball player
 Luca Leardini, pilot
 Niccolò Antonelli, motorcycle racer
 Mauro Piani (1959), yachtsman Azzurra
 Andrea Migno, motorcycle racer

International relations

Cattolica is twinned with:
 Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy
 Hodonín, Czech Republic
 Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, France
 Faches-Thumesnil, France
 Debrecen, Hungary

Events
 The feast of Stella Maris: fishing vessels and vongolaie leads in the midst of the sea, the statue of the Virgin Mary "Stella Maris", after a religious procession.
 The Festival of the flowers: since 1950s, Cattolica hosts a show of flower markets with many stalls along the streets of the city.
 The Pink Night, celebrated in town along the coast from Cattolica to Bellaria. It is a festival which is celebrated in June–July and is quite recent: the opportunity for all the shops, bars and restaurants adorn the premises of pink, with dancing to the beach and dive into the sea at midnight.
 The Fair of the ancient flavors of land and sea, with local wine tasting acoompagnate animations and concerts.
International Mystery Film Festival of Cattolica  (known in Italian as Festival internazionale del giallo e del mistero di Cattolica but internationally mostly known by its commonly used abbreviation "MystFest" (it).

References

External links 

Official website

Cities and towns in Emilia-Romagna
Towers in Italy
Nicole Tubiola

Nicole Tubiola is an American actress. She is known for her role as Danielle "Dani" Davis on Wildfire (2005–2008). She has appeared in films Fired Up! (2009) and My Fake Fiance (2009).

Private life
Tubiola grew up in Bullhead City, Arizona and graduated in 1997 at Mohave High School. She married Wildfire co-star, actor Kieren Hutchison on August 10, 2003, and on September 5, 2007, she gave birth to a boy named Quinn.

Career
On April 19, 2009, Tubiola also starred in My Fake Fiancé as Courtney which aired on ABC Family. In 2012 she appeared on the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street, playing drug and addiction counsellor "Rose Moore".

Filmography

References

External links

American film actresses
American television actresses
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women
Year of birth missing (living people)
Nyctimene (mythology)

Nyctimene (, ) was, according to Greek and Roman mythology, a princess and a rape victim, the daughter of Epopeus, a king of Lesbos. She was transformed into an owl by the goddess Athena, who took pity on her for her gruesome fate. The owl was one of Athena's most prominent and important symbols.

Etymology 
Nyctimene's name is derived from the Greek words  (genitive ) meaning "night" and  meaning "I stay", that is, she who stays up at night (the owl). In order for the name to translate to "moon of the night", as suggested by another proposed etymology, it would have to be spelled as  instead of . Both compound words are of Proto-Indo-European origin;  from the PIE root *nókʷts, and  from *men-.

Mythology 
According to Hyginus, her father Epopeus desired her and raped her. Out of shame or guilt, she fled to the forest and refused to show her face in daylight. Taking pity on her, the goddess Athena transformed her into the nocturnal owl which, in time, became a widespread symbol of the goddess.  In Ovid's Metamorphoses, the transformation was a punishment for "desecrating her father's bed" (patrium temerasse cubile), which insinuates that she had sexual intercourse with her own father, but no further explanation is given of whether she was raped, seduced or herself the seducer. In the Metamorphoses, Nyctimene's story is narrated by Corone (the crow), who also complains that her place as Minerva's sacred bird is now being usurped by Nyctimene, who is so ashamed of herself that she will not be seen by daylight.

Servius says that Nyctimene was filled with shame after realizing she had slept with her father, implying some sort of trickery to have occurred. Another scholiast says that Nyctimene was raped not by Epopeus but rather a visiting guest named Corymbus. An anonymous Greek paradoxographer writes that she fled her father, who is here named Clymenus.

A variation of her story about Nyctaea is found in pseudo-Lactantius Placidus's commentary on the Thebaid.

Legacy 
Her name has been given to a genus of bats and an asteroid.

See also 

 Myrrha
 Harpalyce
 Philomela

Footnotes

References

Bibliography 
 
 
 Hyginus, Gaius Julius, The Myths of Hyginus. Edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960.
  Online version at Perseus.tufts project.
 Maurus Servius Honoratus, In Vergilii carmina comentarii. Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii; recensuerunt Georgius Thilo et Hermannus Hagen. Georgius Thilo. Leipzig. B. G. Teubner. 1881. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.

External links 
 

Metamorphoses into birds in Greek mythology
Women in Greek mythology
Bats in culture
Deeds of Athena
Incest in Greek mythology
Incestual abuse
Mythological rape victims
Aegean Sea in mythology
Metamorphoses characters
The Amboys

The Amboys are a pair of municipalities in Middlesex County, New Jersey, both of which have the word Amboy in their name. The two municipalities are the City of Perth Amboy and the City of South Amboy, located across from each other on the Raritan Bay.

While each community has its own independent government, and the two municipalities have no shared governance (other than Middlesex County), the term is often used to refer to the area, including on highway exit signs. Signage for Exit 11 on the New Jersey Turnpike, exit 129 on the Garden State Parkway southbound, and exit 30 on Route 18 northbound refer to "The Amboys" as a destination.

Source for Amboy
Perth Amboy's  history dates back to 1651 when August Herman bought a point of land from the Lenni Lenape Native Americans. The land, which was called "Ompoge" by the indigenous people, gradually changed its name to "Emboyle", then "Amboyle". When the city was incorporated in 1683, settlers began to call the land "Ambo" or "Amboy Point", and finally "Amboy."  The name means "place resembling a bowl."

In 1686, when the settlement became the capital of East Jersey, Perth was added to the name in honor of one of the Proprietors under the Royal grant, the James Drummond, 1st Duke of Perth.

See also
For other groups of similarly named municipalities in New Jersey, see:
The Brunswicks
The Caldwells
The Oranges
The Plainfields
The Ridgefields
The Wildwoods

References
Bay View massacre

The Bay View massacre (sometimes also referred to as the Bay View Tragedy) was the result of a strike held on May 4, 1886, by 7,000 building-trades workers and 5,000 Polish laborers who had organized at St. Stanislaus Catholic Church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to strike against their employers, demanding the enforcement of an eight-hour work day. A few days earlier, on May 1, a peaceful demonstration had been held in nearby Chicago, with similar demands.

By Monday, May 3, the number of participants had increased to over 14,000 workers who gathered at the Milwaukee Iron Company rolling mill in Bay View. They were met by 250 National Guardsmen under order from Republican Governor Jeremiah M. Rusk. The strikers had shut down every business in the city except the North Chicago Rolling Mills in Bay View. The guardsmen's orders were that, if the strikers were to enter the Mills, they should shoot to kill. But when the captain received the order it had a different meaning: he ordered his men to pick out a man and shoot to kill when the order was given. Workers camped in the nearby fields and the Kosciuszko Militia arrived by May 4. Early the next day the crowd, which by this time contained children, approached the mill and were fired upon. Seven people died as a result, including a thirteen-year-old boy. Several more were injured during the protest. Several contradictory newspaper accounts described other possible casualties, but the count of seven deaths is substantiated by specific names (Frank Kunkel, Frank Nowarczyk, John Marsh, Robert Erdman, Johann Zazka, Martin Jankowiak, and Michael Ruchalski).

Since 1986, members of the Bay View Historical Society, the Wisconsin Labor History Society, and other community groups have held a commemorative event to honor the memories of those killed during the incident. The event is held every year on the first Sunday in May at 3pm, at the State Historical Marker site at the intersection of Superior Street and Russell Avenue, within view of the former rolling mill location.

See also

 Paul Grottkau
 Anti-union violence
 Bay View, Milwaukee
 Murder of workers in labor disputes in the United States
 List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States

References

External links
Wisconsin Labor History Society
"The 1886 Bay View Massacre" from the "People and Events in Labor History" collection on the Wisconsin Laborers' District Council website.

1880s strikes in the United States
1886 riots
1886 in Wisconsin
1886 labor disputes and strikes
Massacres in 1886
History of Milwaukee
Crime in Milwaukee
Protest-related deaths
Massacres in the United States
Labor-related violence in the United States
Labor disputes in Wisconsin
May 1886 events
Bay View, Milwaukee
Israel Gaither

On May 12, 2006, at the age of 61, Commissioner Israel L. Gaither was formally installed as the National Commander of The Salvation Army in the United States, the first African American to serve in that capacity.  Gaither was selected for the position by General Shaw Clifton.

Eva D. Gaither, his wife, became President of the Salvation Army's Women's Ministries the same day, with executive responsibility for the advancement of women in developed and developing sectors of the world.  She had been World Secretary for Women’s Ministries in London since November 2002.

Prior to becoming Commander in the United States, Gaither was Chief of the Staff, the second-ranking officer at Salvation Army world headquarters in London.  He had held that office since November 2002.  He had also been the first Black divisional commander in the United States, with responsibility for southern New England and western Pennsylvania, and the first Black territorial commander, responsible for the Eastern states.  He had been commander of the Southern Africa territory as well.

Biographical details
Gaither was raised a Baptist preacher's son in New Castle, Pennsylvania.  He was the only son among five children born to the Rev. Israel L. Gaither, Sr. and Lillian Gaither. He took Salvation Army officer training in New York, and has led congregations in Pennsylvania and New York.

Eva D. Gaither was born Eva Shue in Sidney, Ohio, one of five children born to Richard and Merle Shue, and the fifth generation of her family to become a Salvationist.

Gaither and Shue married in 1967, breaking ground as the first interracial marriage between Salvation Army officers in the United States.  Eva Gaither is white, and in 1967, interracial marriage was still illegal in many states.  They have two children, Michele Gaither Sparks and Mark Gaither, and four grandchildren, Isaiah, Matthew, Virginia and Andrew.

Gaither is the subject of a biography by Henry Gariepy which was released in late 2006. Gaither was tributed on the floor of the United States House of Representatives by George representative Sanford Bishop.

The Gaithers were officially retired from active service as Salvation Army Officers on October 31, 2010.

See also
The Salvation Army
Chief of the Staff of The Salvation Army

References

American Salvationists
Salvation Army officers
Commissioners in The Salvation Army
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Mongolian beef

Mongolian beef  is a dish from Taiwan consisting of sliced beef, typically flank steak, usually made with onions. The beef is commonly paired with scallions or mixed vegetables and is often not spicy. The dish is often served over steamed rice, or in the US, over crispy fried cellophane noodles. It is a staple dish of American Chinese restaurants. Despite its name, the dish has nothing to do with Mongolian cuisine.

Mongolian beef is among the meat dishes developed in Taiwan where Mongolian barbecue restaurants first appeared. Thus, none of the ingredients or the preparation methods are drawn from traditional Mongolian cuisine but from Chinese cuisine. A variation is known as Mongolian lamb which substitutes lamb for the beef in the dish.

See also
 Mongolian barbecue
 Taiwanese cuisine

References

American Chinese cuisine
Beef dishes
Taiwanese cuisine
Axien

Axien is a village and a former municipality in the Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Annaburg.

Geography and transport
The community lies about 35 km southeast of Wittenberg and about 20 km north of Torgau in the lowlands on the east bank of the Elbe on an old, now dry, arm of that river. West of the community runs Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) B 182, and to the north is the B 187. It lies on the "Mid-Germany Church Road". In the south, the community borders on Saxony.

History
The village of Axien is first documented in the 10th century. The village, however, must have been older, a castle by the name of Wazgrini in Axien having been mentioned in 865. It was used as a fortified bridgehead at a ford on the Elbe.

From 1815 to 1944, Axien was part of the Prussian Province of Saxony and from 1944 to 1945 of the Province of Halle-Merseburg.

After World War II, Axien was incorporated into the Province (since 1947, State) of Saxony-Anhalt from 1945 to 1952 and the Bezirk Cottbus of East Germany from 1952 to 1990. Since 1990, Axien has been part of Saxony-Anhalt, since 2011 as a part of Annaburg.

Subdivisions
 Axien
 Kähnitzsch (since 10 January 1938)
 Gehmen

Sightseeing
 Well known is the brick church with ceiling paintings from the 12th century.
 Atonement Cross in Kähnitzsch

References

Former municipalities in Saxony-Anhalt
Annaburg
Paloma Herrera

Paloma Herrera (born 21 December 1975) is a prominent Argentine ballet dancer, choreographer, and artistic director who was a principal dancer with American Ballet Theatre, where she worked for twenty-four years. She was the director of Colon Theater Ballet from 2017 until 2022.

Herrera was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and began studying ballet there at the age of seven with teacher Olga Ferri. She quickly became a noted prodigy in South America, winning many competitions throughout and was able to continue her training at the Minsk Ballet School in the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (now Belarus); returning to Buenos Aires, she was cast as Cupid in a performance of Don Quixote at the Teatro Colón.

With her reputation growing, Herrera was invited by Natalia Makarova to study with her at the English National Ballet in London. Soon afterwards, she studied at the School of American Ballet in New York City, where she made such an impression that she was selected to dance the lead role in Raymonda in the school's annual workshop performance.

She officially became a member of the American Ballet Theatre's corps de ballet in 1991; by 1993, she was promoted to soloist, and by 1995 she became a principal dancer.

Herrera was honored by the American Immigration Law Foundation in 2001 for her contributions as a member of New York's immigrant population. In addition to being a respected ballerina, she is a common presence in the New York social scene.

Herrera retired from professional ballet as a dancer in 2015. ABT's 2015 Spring Season was her final one with the company. Principal dancers Julie Kent and Xiomara Reyes retired at the same time.

On 8 August 2017, she was appointed director of the Colon Theater Ballet, a position in which she replaced Maximiliano Guerra, who was removed from office after a public confrontation with the dance corps. The inauguration took place in a ceremony in the Theatre itself directed by the city's mayor, Horacio Rodríguez Larreta. She resigned from the position in 2022 due to confrontation with dance corps and lack of support from the city authorities.

References

External links
Official site

Argentine ballerinas
Prima ballerinas
1975 births
Living people
Dancers from Buenos Aires
American Ballet Theatre principal dancers
English National Ballet
School of American Ballet alumni