alexjercan/bugnet huggingface dataset:
Splice

For $n$ lists $L_i$ $(i = 0, 1, ..., n-1)$, perform a sequence of the following operations.

insert($t$, $x$): Insert an integer $x$ at the end of $L_t$.

dump($t$): Print all elements in $L_t$.

splice($s$, $t$):　Transfer elements of $L_s$ to the end of $L_t$. $L_s$ becomes empty.

In the initial state, $L_i$ $(i = 0, 1, ..., n-1)$ are empty.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$n \; q$
$query_1$
$query_2$
:
$query_q$

Each query $query_i$ is given by

0 $t$ $x$

or

1 $t$

or

2 $s$ $t$

where the first digits 0, 1 and 2 represent insert, dump and splice operations respectively.

Output

For each dump operation, print elements of the corresponding list in a line. Separete adjacency elements by a space character (do not print the space after the last element). Note that, if the list is empty, an empty line should be printed.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 1,000$

$1 \leq q \leq 500,000$

For a splice operation, $s \ne t$

For a splice operation, $L_s$ is not empty

The total number of elements printed by dump operations do not exceed 1,000,000

$-1,000,000,000 \leq x \leq 1,000,000,000$

Sample Input 1

3 10
0 0 1
0 0 2
0 0 3
0 1 4
0 1 5
2 1 0
0 2 6
1 0
1 1
1 2

Sample Output 1

1 2 3 4 5

6
Min-Max

For given three integers $a, b, c$, print the minimum value and the maximum value.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$a \; b \; c\;$

Three integers $a, b, c$ are given in a line.

Output

Print the minimum and maximum values separated by a space in a line.

Constraints

$-1,000,000,000 \leq a, b, c \leq 1,000,000,000$

Sample Input 1

4 5 3

Sample Output 1

3 5
Min-Max Element

Write a program which manipulates a sequence $A = \{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\}$ by the following operations:

min($b, e$): report the minimum element in $a_b, a_{b+1}, ..., a_{e-1}$

max($b, e$): report the maximum element in $a_b, a_{b+1}, ..., a_{e-1}$

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$n$
$a_0 \; a_1, ..., \; a_{n-1}$
$q$
$com_1 \; b_1 \; e_1$
$com_2 \; b_2 \; e_2$
:
$com_{q} \; b_{q} \; e_{q}$

In the first line, $n$ (the number of elements in $A$) is given. In the second line, $a_i$ (each element in $A$) are given. In the third line, the number of queries $q$ is given and each query is given in the following $q$ lines. $com_i$ denotes a type of query. 0 and 1 represents min($b, e$) and max($b, e$) respectively.

Output

For each query, print the minimum element or the maximum element in a line.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 1,000$

$-1,000,000,000 \leq a_i \leq 1,000,000,000$

$1 \leq q \leq 1,000$

$0 \leq b < e \leq n$

Sample Input 1

7
8 3 7 1 9 1 4
3
0 0 3
0 1 5
1 0 7

Sample Output 1

3
1
9
Count

For a given sequence of integers $A = \{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\}$, perform the following operations.

count($b, e, k$): print the number of the specific values $k$ in $a_b, a_{b+1}, ..., a_{e-1}$.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$n$
$a_0 \; a_1, ..., \; a_{n-1}$
$q$
$b_1 \; e_1 \; k_1$
$b_2 \; e_2 \; k_2$
:
$b_q \; e_q \; k_q$

The number of elements $n$ and each element $a_i$ are given in the first line and the second line respectively. In the third line, the number of queries $q$ is given and the following $q$ lines, $q$ integers $b_i \; b_e \; k_i$ are given as queries.

Output

For each query, print the number of specified values.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 1,000$

$-1,000,000,000 \leq a_i, k_i \leq 1,000,000,000$

$1 \leq q \leq 1,000$

$0 \leq b < e \leq n$

Sample Input 1

9
1 4 1 4 2 1 3 5 6
3
0 9 1
1 6 1
3 7 5

Sample Output 1

3
2
0
Lexicographical Comparison

Compare given two sequence $A = \{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\}$ and $B = \{b_0, b_1, ..., b_{m-1}$ lexicographically.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$n$
$a_0 \; a_1, ..., \; a_{n-1}$
$m$
$b_0 \; b_1, ..., \; b_{m-1}$

The number of elements in $A$ and its elements $a_i$ are given in the first and second lines respectively.
The number of elements in $B$ and its elements $b_i$ are given in the third and fourth lines respectively. All input are given in integers.

Output

Print 1 $B$ is greater than $A$, otherwise 0.

Constraints

$1 \leq n, m \leq 1,000$

$0 \leq a_i, b_i \leq 1,000$

Sample Input 1

3
1 2 3
2
2 4

Sample Output 1

1

Sample Input 2

4
5 4 7 0
5
1 2 3 4 5

Sample Output 2

0

Sample Input 3

3
1 1 2
4
1 1 2 2

Sample Output 3

1
Reverse

Write a program which reads a sequence of integers $A = \{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\}$ and reverse specified elements by a list of the following operation:

reverse($b, e$): reverse the order of $a_b, a_{b+1}, ..., a_{e-1}$

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$n$
$a_0 \; a_1 \; ...,\; a_{n-1}$
$q$
$b_1 \; e_1$
$b_2 \; e_2$
:
$b_{q} \; b_{q}$

In the first line, $n$ (the number of elements in $A$) is given. In the second line, $a_i$ (each element in $A$) are given. In the third line, the number of queries $q$ is given and each query is given by two integers $b_i \; e_i$ in the following $q$ lines.

Output

Print all elements of $A$ in a line after performing the given operations. Put a single space character between adjacency elements and a newline at the end of the last element.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 1,000$

$-1,000,000,000 \leq a_i \leq 1,000,000,000$

$1 \leq q \leq 1,000$

$0 \leq b < e \leq n$

Sample Input 1

8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2
1 6
3 8

Sample Output 1

1 6 5 8 7 2 3 4
Rotate

Write a program which reads a sequence of integers $A = \{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\}$ and rotate specified elements by a list of the following operation:

rotate($b, m, e$): For each integer $k$ ($0 \leq k < (e - b)$), move element $b + k$ to the place of element $b + ((k + (e - m)) \mod (e - b))$.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$n$
$a_0 \; a_1 \; ...,\; a_{n-1}$
$q$
$b_1 \; m_1 \; e_1$
$b_2 \; m_2 \; e_2$
:
$b_{q} \; m_{q} \; e_{q}$

In the first line, $n$ (the number of elements in $A$) is given. In the second line, $a_i$ (each element in $A$) are given. In the third line, the number of queries $q$ is given and each query is given by three integers $b_i \; m_i \; e_i$ in the following $q$ lines.

Output

Print all elements of $A$ in a line after performing the given operations. Put a single space character between adjacency elements and a newline at the end of the last element.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 1,000$

$-1,000,000,000 \leq a_i \leq 1,000,000,000$

$1 \leq q \leq 1,000$

$0 \leq b_i \leq m_i < e_i \leq n$

Sample Input 1

11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1
2 6 9

Sample Output 1

1 2 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 10 11
Swap

Write a program which reads a sequence of integers $A = \{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\}$ and swap specified elements by a list of the following operation:

swapRange($b, e, t$): For each integer $k$ ($0 \leq k < (e - b)$, swap element $(b + k)$ and element $(t + k)$.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$n$
$a_0 \; a_1 \; ...,\; a_{n-1}$
$q$
$b_1 \; e_1 \; t_1$
$b_2 \; e_2 \; t_2$
:
$b_{q} \; e_{q} \; t_{q}$

In the first line, $n$ (the number of elements in $A$) is given. In the second line, $a_i$ (each element in $A$) are given. In the third line, the number of queries $q$ is given and each query is given by three integers $b_i \; e_i \; t_i$ in the following $q$ lines.

Output

Print all elements of $A$ in a line after performing the given operations. Put a single space character between adjacency elements and a newline at the end of the last element.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 1,000$

$-1,000,000,000 \leq a_i \leq 1,000,000,000$

$1 \leq q \leq 1,000$

$0 \leq b_i < e_i \leq n$

$0 \leq t_i < t_i + (e_i - b_i) \leq n$

Given swap ranges do not overlap each other

Sample Input 1

11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1
1 4 7

Sample Output 1

1 8 9 10 5 6 7 2 3 4 11
Unique

For a sequence of integers $A = \{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\}$ which is sorted by ascending order, eliminate all equivalent elements.

Input

A sequence is given in the following format.

$n$
$a_0 \; a_1 \; ,..., \; a_{n-1}$

Output

Print the sequence after eliminating equivalent elements in a line. Separate adjacency elements by a space character.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 100,000$

$-1000,000,000 \leq a_i \leq 1,000,000,000$

$a_0 \leq a_1 \leq ... \leq a_{n-1}$

Sample Input 1

4
1 2 2 4

Sample Output 1

1 2 4
Sorting Pairs

Write a program which print coordinates $(x_i, y_i)$ of given $n$ points on the plane by the following criteria.

first by $x$-coordinate

in case of a tie, by $y$-coordinate

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$n$
$x_0 \; y_0$
$x_1 \; y_1$
:
$x_{n-1} \; y_{n-1}$

In the first line, the number of points $n$ is given. In the following $n$ lines, coordinates of each point are given.

Output

Print coordinate of given points in order.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 100,000$

$-1,000,000,000 \leq x_i, y_i \leq 1,000,000,000$

Sample Input 1

5
4 7
5 5
2 3
6 8
2 1

Sample Output 1

2 1
2 3
4 7
5 5
6 8
Sorting Tuples

Write a program which reads $n$ items and sorts them. Each item has attributes $\{value, weight, type, date, name\}$ and they are represented by $\{$ integer, integer, upper-case letter, integer, string $\}$ respectively. Sort the items based on the following priorities.

first by value (ascending)

in case of a tie, by weight (ascending)

in case of a tie, by type (ascending in lexicographic order)

in case of a tie, by date (ascending)

in case of a tie, by name (ascending in lexicographic order)

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$n$
$v_0 \; w_0 \; t_0 \; d_0 \; s_0$
$v_1 \; w_1 \; t_1 \; d_1 \; s_1$
:
$v_{n-1} \; w_{n-1} \; t_{n-1} \; d_{n-1} \; s_{n-1}$

In the first line, the number of items $n$. In the following $n$ lines, attributes of each item are given. $v_i \; w_i \; t_i \; d_i \; s_i$ represent value, weight, type, date and name of the $i$-th item respectively.

Output

Print attributes of each item in order. Print an item in a line and adjacency attributes should be separated by a single space.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 100,000$

$0 \leq v_i \leq 1,000,000,000$

$0 \leq w_i \leq 1,000,000,000$

$t_i$ is a upper-case letter

$0 \leq d_i \leq 2,000,000,000,000$

$1 \leq $ size of $s_i \leq 20$

$s_i \ne s_j$ if $(i \ne j)$

Sample Input 1

5
105 24 C 1500000000000 white
100 23 C 1500000000000 blue
105 23 A 1480000000000 pink
110 25 B 1500000000000 black
110 20 A 1300000000000 gree

Sample Output 1

100 23 C 1500000000000 blue
105 23 A 1480000000000 pink
105 24 C 1500000000000 white
110 20 A 1300000000000 gree
110 25 B 1500000000000 black
Permutation

For given a sequence $A = \{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\}$, print the previous permutation and the next permutation in lexicographic order.

Input

A sequence is given in the following format.

$n$
$a_0 \; a_1 \; ... \; a_{n-1}$

Output

Print the previous permutation, the given sequence and the next permutation in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lines respectively.
Separate adjacency elements by a space character. Note that if there is no permutation, print nothing in the corresponding line.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 9$

$a_i$ consist of $1, 2, ..., n$

Sample Input 1

3
2 1 3

Sample Output 1

1 3 2
2 1 3
2 3 1

Sample Input 2

3
3 2 1

Sample Output 2

3 1 2
3 2 1
Permutation Enumeration

For given an integer $n$, print all permutations of $\{1, 2, ..., n\}$ in lexicographic order.

Input

An integer $n$ is given in a line.

Output

Print each permutation in a line in order. Separate adjacency elements by a space character.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 9$

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1 2
2 1

Sample Input 2

3

Sample Output 2

1 2 3
1 3 2
2 1 3
2 3 1
3 1 2
3 2 1
Binary Search

For a given sequence $A = \{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\}$ which is sorted by ascending order, find a specific value $k$ given as a query.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$n$
$a_0 \; a_1 \; ,..., \; a_{n-1}$
$q$
$k_1$
$k_2$
:
$k_q$

The number of elements $n$ and each element $a_i$ are given in the first line and the second line respectively. In the third line, the number of queries $q$ is given and the following $q$ lines, $q$ integers $k_i$ are given as queries.

Output

For each query, print 1 if any element in $A$ is equivalent to $k$, and 0 otherwise.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 100,000$

$1 \leq q \leq 200,000$

$0 \leq a_0 \leq a_1 \leq ... \leq a_{n-1} \leq 1,000,000,000$

$0 \leq k_i \leq 1,000,000,000$

Sample Input 1

4
1 2 2 4
3
2
3
5

Sample Output 1

1
0
0
Includes

For given two sequneces $A = \{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\}$ and $B = \{b_0, b_1, ..., b_{m-1}\}$, determine whether all elements of $B$ are included in $A$. Note that, elements of $A$ and $B$ are sorted by ascending order respectively.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$n$
$a_0 \; a_1 \; ,..., \; a_{n-1}$
$m$
$b_0 \; b_1 \; ,..., \; b_{m-1}$

The number of elements in $A$ and its elements $a_i$ are given in the first and second
lines respectively.
The number of elements in $B$ and its elements $b_i$ are given in the third and fourth
lines respectively.

Output

Print 1, if $A$ contains all elements of $B$, otherwise 0.

Constraints

$1 \leq n, m \leq 200,000$

$-1,000,000,000 \leq a_0 < a_1 < ... < a_{n-1} \leq 1,000,000,000$

$-1,000,000,000 \leq b_0 < b_1 < ... < b_{m-1} \leq 1,000,000,000$

Sample Input 1

4
1 2 3 4
2
2 4

Sample Output 1

1

Sample Input 2

4
1 2 3 4
3
1 2 5

Sample Output 2

0
Lower Bound

For a given sequence $A = \{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\}$ which is sorted by ascending order, find the lower bound for a specific value $k$ given as a query.

lower bound: the place pointing to the first element greater than or equal to a specific value, or $n$ if there is no such element.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$n$
$a_0 \; a_1 \; ,..., \; a_{n-1}$
$q$
$k_1$
$k_2$
:
$k_q$

The number of elements $n$ and each element $a_i$ are given in the first line and the second line respectively. In the third line, the number of queries $q$ is given and the following $q$ lines, $q$ integers $k_i$ are given as queries.

Output

For each query, print the position $i$ ($i = 0, 1, ..., n$) of the lower bound in a line.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 100,000$

$1 \leq q \leq 200,000$

$0 \leq a_0 \leq a_1 \leq ... \leq a_{n-1} \leq 1,000,000,000$

$0 \leq k_i \leq 1,000,000,000$

Sample Input 1

4
1 2 2 4
3
2
3
5

Sample Output 1

1
3
4
Equal Range

For a given sequence $A = \{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\}$ which is sorted by ascending order, print a pair of the lower bound and the upper bound for a specific value $k$ given as a query.

lower bound: the place pointing to the first element greater than or equal to a specific value, or $n$ if there is no such element.

upper bound: the place pointing to the first element greater than a specific value, or $n$ if there is no such element.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$n$
$a_0 \; a_1 \; ,..., \; a_{n-1}$
$q$
$k_1$
$k_2$
:
$k_q$

The number of elements $n$ and each element $a_i$ are given in the first line and the second line respectively. In the third line, the number of queries $q$ is given and the following $q$ lines, $q$ integers $k_i$ are given as queries.

Output

For each query, print the pari of the lower bound $l$ ($l = 0, 1, ..., n$) and upper bound $r$ ($r = 0, 1, ..., n$) separated by a space character in a line.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 100,000$

$1 \leq q \leq 200,000$

$0 \leq a_0 \leq a_1 \leq ... \leq a_{n-1} \leq 1,000,000,000$

$0 \leq k_i \leq 1,000,000,000$

Sample Input 1

4
1 2 2 4
3
2
3
5

Sample Output 1

1 3
3 3
4 4
Set: Search

For a set $S$ of integers, perform a sequence of the following operations. Note that

each value in $S$ must be unique

.

insert($x$): Insert $x$ to $S$ and report the number of elements in $S$ after the operation.

find($x$): Report the number of $x$ in $S$ (0 or 1).

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$q$
$query_1$
$query_2$
:
$query_q$

Each query $query_i$ is given by

0 $x$

or

1 $x$

where the first digits 0 and 1 represent insert and find operations respectively.

Output

For each insert operation, print the number of elements in $S$.

For each find operation, print the number of specified elements in $S$.

Constraints

$1 \leq q \leq 200,000$

$0 \leq x \leq 1,000,000,000$

Sample Input 1

7
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 4
1 3
1 10

Sample Output 1

1
2
3
3
4
1
0
Set: Delete

For a set $S$ of integers, perform a sequence of the following operations. Note that

each value in $S$ must be unique

.

insert($x$): Insert $x$ to $S$ and report the number of elements in $S$ after the operation.

find($x$): Report the number of $x$ in $S$ (0 or 1).

delete($x$): Delete $x$ from $S$.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$q$
$query_1$
$query_2$
:
$query_q$

Each query $query_i$ is given by

0 $x$

or

1 $x$

or

2 $x$

where the first digits 0, 1 and 2 represent insert, find and delete operations respectively.

Output

For each insert operation, print the number of elements in $S$.

For each find operation, print the number of specified elements in $S$.

Constraints

$1 \leq q \leq 200,000$

$0 \leq x \leq 1,000,000,000$

Sample Input 1

8
0 1
0 2
0 3
2 2
1 1
1 2
1 3
0 2

Sample Output 1

1
2
3
1
0
1
3
Set: Range Search

For a set $S$ of integers, perform a sequence of the following operations. Note that

each value in $S$ must be unique

.

insert($x$): Insert $x$ to $S$ and report the number of elements in $S$ after the operation.

find($x$): Report the number of $x$ in $S$ (0 or 1).

delete($x$): Delete $x$ from $S$.

dump($L$, $R$): Print elements $x$ in $S$ such that $L \leq x \leq R$.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$q$
$query_1$
$query_2$
:
$query_q$

Each query $query_i$ is given by

0 $x$

or

1 $x$

or

2 $x$

or

3 $L$ $R$

where the first digits 0, 1, 2 and 3 represent insert, find, delete and dump operations respectively.

Output

For each insert operation, print the number of elements in $S$.

For each find operation, print the number of specified elements in $S$.

For each dump operation, print the corresponding elements in ascending order. Print an element in a line.

Constraints

$1 \leq q \leq 200,000$

$0 \leq x \leq 1,000,000,000$

The total number of elements printed by dump operations does not exceed $1,000,000$

Sample Input 1

9
0 1
0 2
0 3
2 2
1 1
1 2
1 3
0 4
3 2 4

Sample Output 1

1
2
3
1
0
1
3
3
4
Multi-Set

For a set $S$ of integers, perform a sequence of the following operations. Note that

multiple elements can have equivalent values in $S$

.

insert($x$): Insert $x$ to $S$ and report the number of elements in $S$ after the operation.

find($x$): Report the number of $x$ in $S$.

delete($x$): Delete all $x$ from $S$.

dump($L$, $R$): Print elements $x$ in $S$ such that $L \leq x \leq R$.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$q$
$query_1$
$query_2$
:
$query_q$

Each query $query_i$ is given by

0 $x$

or

1 $x$

or

2 $x$

or

3 $L$ $R$

where the first digits 0, 1, 2 and 3 represent insert, find, delete and dump operations respectively.

Output

For each insert operation, print the number of elements in $S$.

For each find operation, print the number of specified elements in $S$.

For each dump operation, print the corresponding elements in ascending order. Print an element in a line.

Constraints

$1 \leq q \leq 200,000$

$0 \leq x \leq 1,000,000,000$

The total number of elements printed by dump operations does not exceed $1,000,000$

The sum of numbers printed by find operations does not exceed $2,000,000$

Sample Input 1

10
0 1
0 1
0 2
0 3
2 2
1 1
1 2
1 3
0 4
3 1 4

Sample Output 1

1
2
3
4
2
0
1
4
1
1
3
4
Map: Search

For a dictionary $M$ that stores elements formed by a pair of a string key and an integer value, perform a sequence of the following operations. Note that

each key in $M$ must be unique

.

insert($key$, $x$): Insert an element formed by a pair of $key$ and $x$ to $M$. If there is an element with $key$, replace the corresponding value with $x$.

get($key$): Print the value with the specified $key$.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$q$
$query_1$
$query_2$
:
$query_q$

Each query $query_i$ is given by

0 $key$ $x$

or

1 $key$

where the first digits 0, 1 and 2 represent insert and get operations respectively.

Output

For each get operation, print an integer in a line.

Constraints

$1 \leq q \leq 200,000$

$1 \leq x \leq 1,000,000,000$

$1 \leq $ length of $key$ $ \leq 20$

$key$ consits of lower-case letter

For a get operation, the element with the specified key exists in $M$.

Sample Input 1

7
0 blue 4
0 red 1
0 white 5
1 red
1 blue
0 black 8
1 black

Sample Output 1

1
4
8
Map: Delete

For a dictionary $M$ that stores elements formed by a pair of a string key and an integer value, perform a sequence of the following operations. Note that

each key in $M$ must be unique

.

insert($key$, $x$): Insert an element formed by a pair of $key$ and $x$ to $M$.

get($key$): Print the value with the specified $key$.

Print 0 if there is no such element

.

delete($key$): Delete the element with the specified $key$.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$q$
$query_1$
$query_2$
:
$query_q$

Each query $query_i$ is given by

0 $key$ $x$

or

1 $key$

or

2 $key$

where the first digits 0, 1 and 2 represent insert, get and delete operations respectively.

Output

For each get operation, print an integer in a line.

Constraints

$1 \leq q \leq 200,000$

$1 \leq x \leq 1,000,000,000$

$1 \leq $ length of $key$ $ \leq 20$

$key$ consits of lower case letters

Sample Input 1

8
0 blue 4
0 red 1
0 white 5
1 red
1 blue
2 red
1 black
1 red

Sample Output 1

1
4
0
0
Map: Range Search

For a dictionary $M$ that stores elements formed by a pair of a string key and an integer value, perform a sequence of the following operations. Note that

each key in $M$ must be unique

.

insert($key$, $x$): Insert an element formed by a pair of $key$ and $x$ to $M$.

get($key$): Print the value with the specified $key$.

Print 0 if there is no such element

.

delete($key$): Delete the element with the specified $key$.

dump($L$, $R$): Print all elements formed by a pair of the key and the value such that the key is greater than or equal to $L$ and less than or equal to $R$ in lexicographic order.

Input

The input is given in the following format.

$q$
$query_1$
$query_2$
:
$query_q$

Each query $query_i$ is given by

0 $key$ $x$

or

1 $key$

or

2 $key$

or

3 $L$ $R$

where the first digits 0, 1, 2 and 3 represent insert, get, delete and dump operations.

Output

For each get operation, print the corresponding value.

For each dump operation, print the corresponding elements formed by a pair of the key and the value. For the dump operation, print the elements (a pair of key and value separated by a space character) in ascending order of the keys.

Constraints

$1 \leq q \leq 200,000$

$1 \leq x \leq 1,000,000,000$

$1 \leq $ length of $key$ $ \leq 20$

$key$ consists of lower-case letters

$L \leq R$ in lexicographic order

The total number of elements printed by dump operations does not exceed $1,000,000$

Sample Input 1

9
0 blue 4
0 red 1
0 white 5
1 red
1 blue
2 red
1 black
1 red
3 w z

Sample Output 1

1
4
0
0
white 5