alexjercan/bugnet huggingface dataset:
Score : 1400 points

Problem Statement

There is a tree with N vertices numbered 1 through N.
The i-th of the N-1 edges connects vertices a_i and b_i.

Initially, each edge is painted blue.
Takahashi will convert this blue tree into a red tree, by performing the following operation N-1 times:

Select a simple path that consists of only blue edges, and remove one of those edges.

Then, span a new red edge between the two endpoints of the selected path.

His objective is to obtain a tree that has a red edge connecting vertices c_i and d_i, for each i.

Determine whether this is achievable.

Constraints

2 ≤ N ≤ 10^5

1 ≤ a_i,b_i,c_i,d_i ≤ N

a_i ≠ b_i

c_i ≠ d_i

Both input graphs are trees.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 b_1
:
a_{N-1} b_{N-1}
c_1 d_1
:
c_{N-1} d_{N-1}

Output

Print YES if the objective is achievable; print NO otherwise.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2
2 3
1 3
3 2

Sample Output 1

YES

The objective is achievable, as below:

First, select the path connecting vertices 1 and 3, and remove a blue edge 1-2. Then, span a new red edge 1-3.

Next, select the path connecting vertices 2 and 3, and remove a blue edge 2-3. Then, span a new red edge 2-3.

Sample Input 2

5
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
3 4
2 4
1 4
1 5

Sample Output 2

YES

Sample Input 3

6
1 2
3 5
4 6
1 6
5 1
5 3
1 4
2 6
4 3
5 6

Sample Output 3

NO
Score : 2400 points

Problem Statement

Takahashi loves sorting.

He has a permutation (p_1,p_2,...,p_N) of the integers from 1 through N. Now, he will repeat the following operation until the permutation becomes (1,2,...,N):

First, we will define high and low elements in the permutation, as follows. The i-th element in the permutation is high if the maximum element between the 1-st and i-th elements, inclusive, is the i-th element itself, and otherwise the i-th element is low.

Then, let a_1,a_2,...,a_k be the values of the high elements, and b_1,b_2,...,b_{N-k} be the values of the low elements in the current permutation, in the order they appear in it.

Lastly, rearrange the permutation into (b_1,b_2,...,b_{N-k},a_1,a_2,...,a_k).

How many operations are necessary until the permutation is sorted?

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 2×10^5

(p_1,p_2,...,p_N) is a permutation of the integers from 1 through N.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
p_1 p_2 ... p_N

Output

Print the number of operations that are necessary until the permutation is sorted.

Sample Input 1

5
3 5 1 2 4

Sample Output 1

3

The initial permutation is (3,5,1,2,4), and each operation changes it as follows:

In the first operation, the 1-st and 2-nd elements are high, and the 3-rd, 4-th and 5-th are low. The permutation becomes: (1,2,4,3,5).

In the second operation, the 1-st, 2-nd, 3-rd and 5-th elements are high, and the 4-th is low. The permutation becomes: (3,1,2,4,5).

In the third operation, the 1-st, 4-th and 5-th elements are high, and the 2-nd and 3-rd and 5-th are low. The permutation becomes: (1,2,3,4,5).

Sample Input 2

5
5 4 3 2 1

Sample Output 2

4

Sample Input 3

10
2 10 5 7 3 6 4 9 8 1

Sample Output 3

6
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

You are given three strings A, B and C. Check whether they form a word chain.

More formally, determine whether both of the following are true:

The last character in A and the initial character in B are the same.

The last character in B and the initial character in C are the same.

If both are true, print YES. Otherwise, print NO.

Constraints

A, B and C are all composed of lowercase English letters (a - z).

1 ≤ |A|, |B|, |C| ≤ 10, where |A|, |B| and |C| are the lengths of A, B and C, respectively.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A B C

Output

Print YES or NO.

Sample Input 1

rng gorilla apple

Sample Output 1

YES

They form a word chain.

Sample Input 2

yakiniku unagi sushi

Sample Output 2

NO

A and B form a word chain, but B and C do not.

Sample Input 3

a a a

Sample Output 3

YES

Sample Input 4

aaaaaaaaab aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaab

Sample Output 4

NO
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

We ask you to select some number of positive integers, and calculate the sum of them.

It is allowed to select as many integers as you like, and as large integers as you wish.
You have to follow these, however: each selected integer needs to be a multiple of A, and you need to select at least one integer.

Your objective is to make the sum congruent to C modulo B.
Determine whether this is possible.

If the objective is achievable, print YES. Otherwise, print NO.

Constraints

1 ≤ A ≤ 100

1 ≤ B ≤ 100

0 ≤ C < B

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A B C

Output

Print YES or NO.

Sample Input 1

7 5 1

Sample Output 1

YES

For example, if you select 7 and 14, the sum 21 is congruent to 1 modulo 5.

Sample Input 2

2 2 1

Sample Output 2

NO

The sum of even numbers, no matter how many, is never odd.

Sample Input 3

1 100 97

Sample Output 3

YES

You can select 97, since you may select multiples of 1, that is, all integers.

Sample Input 4

40 98 58

Sample Output 4

YES

Sample Input 5

77 42 36

Sample Output 5

NO
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

In a public bath, there is a shower which emits water for T seconds when the switch is pushed.

If the switch is pushed when the shower is already emitting water, from that moment it will be emitting water for T seconds.
Note that it does not mean that the shower emits water for T additional seconds.

N people will push the switch while passing by the shower.
The i-th person will push the switch t_i seconds after the first person pushes it.

How long will the shower emit water in total?

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 200,000

1 ≤ T ≤ 10^9

0 = t_1 < t_2 < t_3 < , ..., < t_{N-1} < t_N ≤ 10^9

T and each t_i are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N T
t_1 t_2 ... t_N

Output

Assume that the shower will emit water for a total of X seconds. Print X.

Sample Input 1

2 4
0 3

Sample Output 1

7

Three seconds after the first person pushes the water, the switch is pushed again and the shower emits water for four more seconds, for a total of seven seconds.

Sample Input 2

2 4
0 5

Sample Output 2

8

One second after the shower stops emission of water triggered by the first person, the switch is pushed again.

Sample Input 3

4 1000000000
0 1000 1000000 1000000000

Sample Output 3

2000000000

Sample Input 4

1 1
0

Sample Output 4

1

Sample Input 5

9 10
0 3 5 7 100 110 200 300 311

Sample Output 5

67
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

You have N items and a bag of strength W.
The i-th item has a weight of w_i and a value of v_i.

You will select some of the items and put them in the bag.
Here, the total weight of the selected items needs to be at most W.

Your objective is to maximize the total value of the selected items.

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 100

1 ≤ W ≤ 10^9

1 ≤ w_i ≤ 10^9

For each i = 2,3,...,N, w_1 ≤ w_i ≤ w_1 + 3.

1 ≤ v_i ≤ 10^7

W, each w_i and v_i are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N W
w_1 v_1
w_2 v_2
:
w_N v_N

Output

Print the maximum possible total value of the selected items.

Sample Input 1

4 6
2 1
3 4
4 10
3 4

Sample Output 1

11

The first and third items should be selected.

Sample Input 2

4 6
2 1
3 7
4 10
3 6

Sample Output 2

13

The second and fourth items should be selected.

Sample Input 3

4 10
1 100
1 100
1 100
1 100

Sample Output 3

400

You can take everything.

Sample Input 4

4 1
10 100
10 100
10 100
10 100

Sample Output 4

0

You can take nothing.
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

There are N bags, each containing two white balls. The i-th box contains two balls with integers x_i and y_i written on them, respectively.

For each of these bags, you will paint one of the balls red, and paint the other blue.

Afterwards, the 2N balls will be classified according to color.

Then, we will define the following:

R_{max}: the maximum integer written on a ball painted in red

R_{min}: the minimum integer written on a ball painted in red

B_{max}: the maximum integer written on a ball painted in blue

B_{min}: the minimum integer written on a ball painted in blue

Find the minimum possible value of (R_{max} - R_{min}) \times (B_{max} - B_{min}).

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 200,000

1 ≤ x_i, y_i ≤ 10^9

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
x_1 y_1
x_2 y_2
:
x_N y_N

Output

Print the minimum possible value.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2
3 4
5 6

Sample Output 1

15

The optimal solution is to paint the balls with x_1, x_2, y_3 red, and paint the balls with y_1, y_2, x_3 blue.

Sample Input 2

3
1010 10
1000 1
20 1020

Sample Output 2

380

Sample Input 3

2
1 1
1000000000 1000000000

Sample Output 3

999999998000000001
Score : 900 points

Problem Statement

There are N squares in a row. The squares are numbered 1, 2, ..., N from left to right.

You have two pieces, initially placed on square A and B, respectively.
You will be asked to process Q queries of the following kind, in the order received:

Given an integer x_i, move one of the two pieces of your choice to square x_i.

Here, it takes you one second to move a piece one square.
That is, the time it takes to move a piece from square X to Y is |X-Y| seconds.

Your objective is to process all the queries in the shortest possible time.

You may only move the pieces in response to queries, and you may not move both pieces at the same time.
Also, it is not allowed to rearrange the order in which queries are given.
It is, however, allowed to have both pieces in the same square at the same time.

Constraints

1 ≤ N, Q ≤ 200,000

1 ≤ A, B ≤ N

1 ≤ x_i ≤ N

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N Q A B
x_1 x_2 ... x_Q

Output

Let the shortest possible time to process all the queries be X seconds. Print X.

Sample Input 1

8 3 1 8
3 5 1

Sample Output 1

7

All the queries can be processed in seven seconds, by:

moving the piece at square 1 to 3

moving the piece at square 8 to 5

moving the piece at square 3 to 1

Sample Input 2

9 2 1 9
5 1

Sample Output 2

4

The piece at square 9 should be moved first.

Sample Input 3

9 2 1 9
5 9

Sample Output 3

4

The piece at square 1 should be moved first.

Sample Input 4

11 16 8 1
1 1 5 1 11 4 5 2 5 3 3 3 5 5 6 7

Sample Output 4

21
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

You are given three words s_1, s_2 and s_3, each composed of lowercase English letters, with spaces in between.
Print the acronym formed from the uppercased initial letters of the words.

Constraints

s_1, s_2 and s_3 are composed of lowercase English letters.

1 ≤ |s_i| ≤ 10 (1≤i≤3)

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

s_1 s_2 s_3

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

atcoder beginner contest

Sample Output 1

ABC

The initial letters of atcoder, beginner and contest are a, b and c. Uppercase and concatenate them to obtain ABC.

Sample Input 2

resident register number

Sample Output 2

RRN

Sample Input 3

k nearest neighbor

Sample Output 3

KNN

Sample Input 4

async layered coding

Sample Output 4

ALC
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

You are given two positive integers A and B. Compare the magnitudes of these numbers.

Constraints

1 ≤ A, B ≤ 10^{100}

Neither A nor B begins with a 0.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A
B

Output

Print GREATER if A>B, LESS if A<B and EQUAL if A=B.

Sample Input 1

36
24

Sample Output 1

GREATER

Since 36>24, print GREATER.

Sample Input 2

850
3777

Sample Output 2

LESS

Sample Input 3

9720246
22516266

Sample Output 3

LESS

Sample Input 4

123456789012345678901234567890
234567890123456789012345678901

Sample Output 4

LESS
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

You are given an integer sequence of length N. The i-th term in the sequence is a_i.
In one operation, you can select a term and either increment or decrement it by one.

At least how many operations are necessary to satisfy the following conditions?

For every i (1≤i≤n), the sum of the terms from the 1-st through i-th term is not zero.

For every i (1≤i≤n-1), the sign of the sum of the terms from the 1-st through i-th term, is different from the sign of the sum of the terms from the 1-st through (i+1)-th term.

Constraints

2 ≤ n ≤ 10^5

|a_i| ≤ 10^9

Each a_i is an integer.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

n
a_1 a_2 ... a_n

Output

Print the minimum necessary count of operations.

Sample Input 1

4
1 -3 1 0

Sample Output 1

4

For example, the given sequence can be transformed into 1, -2, 2, -2 by four operations. The sums of the first one, two, three and four terms are 1, -1, 1 and -1, respectively, which satisfy the conditions.

Sample Input 2

5
3 -6 4 -5 7

Sample Output 2

0

The given sequence already satisfies the conditions.

Sample Input 3

6
-1 4 3 2 -5 4

Sample Output 3

8
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

Alice and Brown loves games. Today, they will play the following game.

In this game, there are two piles initially consisting of X and Y stones, respectively.
Alice and Bob alternately perform the following operation, starting from Alice:

Take 2i stones from one of the piles. Then, throw away i of them, and put the remaining i in the other pile. Here, the integer i (1≤i) can be freely chosen as long as there is a sufficient number of stones in the pile.

The player who becomes unable to perform the operation, loses the game.

Given X and Y, determine the winner of the game, assuming that both players play optimally.

Constraints

0 ≤ X, Y ≤ 10^{18}

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

X Y

Output

Print the winner: either Alice or Brown.

Sample Input 1

2 1

Sample Output 1

Brown

Alice can do nothing but taking two stones from the pile containing two stones. As a result, the piles consist of zero and two stones, respectively. Then, Brown will take the two stones, and the piles will consist of one and zero stones, respectively. Alice will be unable to perform the operation anymore, which means Brown's victory.

Sample Input 2

5 0

Sample Output 2

Alice

Sample Input 3

0 0

Sample Output 3

Brown

Sample Input 4

4 8

Sample Output 4

Alice
Score : 900 points

Problem Statement

Alice lives on a line. Today, she will travel to some place in a mysterious vehicle.
Initially, the distance between Alice and her destination is D. When she input a number x to the vehicle, it will travel in the direction of the destination by a distance of x if this move would shorten the distance between the vehicle and the destination, and it will stay at its position otherwise. Note that the vehicle may go past the destination when the distance between the vehicle and the destination is less than x.

Alice made a list of N numbers. The i-th number in this list is d_i. She will insert these numbers to the vehicle one by one.

However, a mischievous witch appeared. She is thinking of rewriting one number in the list so that Alice will not reach the destination after N moves.

She has Q plans to do this, as follows:

Rewrite only the q_i-th number in the list with some integer so that Alice will not reach the destination.

Write a program to determine whether each plan is feasible.

Constraints

1≤ N ≤ 5*10^5

1≤ Q ≤ 5*10^5

1≤ D ≤ 10^9

1≤ d_i ≤ 10^9(1≤i≤N)

1≤ q_i ≤ N(1≤i≤Q)

D and each d_i are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N D
d_1 d_2 ... d_N
Q
q_1 q_2 ... q_Q

Output

Print Q lines. The i-th line should contain YES if the i-th plan is feasible, and NO otherwise.

Sample Input 1

4 10
3 4 3 3
2
4 3

Sample Output 1

NO
YES

For the first plan, Alice will already arrive at the destination by the first three moves, and therefore the answer is NO.
For the second plan, rewriting the third number in the list with 5 will prevent Alice from reaching the destination as shown in the following figure, and thus the answer is YES.

Sample Input 2

5 9
4 4 2 3 2
5
1 4 2 3 5

Sample Output 2

YES
YES
YES
YES
YES

Alice will not reach the destination as it is, and therefore all the plans are feasible.

Sample Input 3

6 15
4 3 5 4 2 1
6
1 2 3 4 5 6

Sample Output 3

NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
Score : 900 points

Problem Statement

You are in charge of controlling a dam. The dam can store at most L liters of water. Initially, the dam is empty. Some amount of water flows into the dam every morning, and any amount of water may be discharged every night, but this amount needs to be set so that no water overflows the dam the next morning.

It is known that v_i liters of water at t_i degrees Celsius will flow into the dam on the morning of the i-th day.
You are wondering about the maximum possible temperature of water in the dam at noon of each day, under the condition that there needs to be exactly L liters of water in the dam at that time. For each i, find the maximum possible temperature of water in the dam at noon of the i-th day. Here, consider each maximization separately, that is, the amount of water discharged for the maximization of the temperature on the i-th day, may be different from the amount of water discharged for the maximization of the temperature on the j-th day (j≠i).

Also, assume that the temperature of water is not affected by anything but new water that flows into the dam. That is, when V_1 liters of water at T_1 degrees Celsius and V_2 liters of water at T_2 degrees Celsius are mixed together, they will become V_1+V_2 liters of water at \frac{T_1*V_1+T_2*V_2}{V_1+V_2} degrees Celsius, and the volume and temperature of water are not affected by any other factors.

Constraints

1≤ N ≤ 5*10^5

1≤ L ≤ 10^9

0≤ t_i ≤ 10^9(1≤i≤N)

1≤ v_i ≤ L(1≤i≤N)

v_1 = L

L, each t_i and v_i are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N L
t_1 v_1
t_2 v_2
:
t_N v_N

Output

Print N lines. The i-th line should contain the maximum temperature such that it is possible to store L liters of water at that temperature in the dam at noon of the i-th day.

Each of these values is accepted if the absolute or relative error is at most 10^{-6}.

Sample Input 1

3 10
10 10
20 5
4 3

Sample Output 1

10.0000000
15.0000000
13.2000000

On the first day, the temperature of water in the dam is always 10 degrees: the temperature of the only water that flows into the dam on the first day.

10 liters of water at 15 degrees of Celsius can be stored on the second day, by discharging 5 liters of water on the night of the first day, and mix the remaining water with the water that flows into the dam on the second day.

10 liters of water at 13.2 degrees of Celsius can be stored on the third day, by discharging 8 liters of water on the night of the first day, and mix the remaining water with the water that flows into the dam on the second and third days.

Sample Input 2

4 15
0 15
2 5
3 6
4 4

Sample Output 2

0.0000000
0.6666667
1.8666667
2.9333333

Sample Input 3

4 15
1000000000 15
9 5
8 6
7 4

Sample Output 3

1000000000.0000000
666666669.6666666
400000005.0000000
293333338.8666667

Although the temperature of water may exceed 100 degrees Celsius, we assume that water does not vaporize.
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

You are given an array A of length N.
Your task is to divide it into several contiguous subarrays.
Here, all subarrays obtained must be sorted in either non-decreasing or non-increasing order.
At least how many subarrays do you need to divide A into?

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq A_i \leq 10^9

Each A_i is an integer.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1 A_2 ... A_N

Output

Print the minimum possible number of subarrays after division of A.

Sample Input 1

6
1 2 3 2 2 1

Sample Output 1

2

One optimal solution is to divide the array into [1,2,3] and [2,2,1].

Sample Input 2

9
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1

Sample Output 2

5

Sample Input 3

7
1 2 3 2 1 999999999 1000000000

Sample Output 3

3
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You are given a connected undirected simple graph, which has N vertices and M edges.
The vertices are numbered 1 through N, and the edges are numbered 1 through M.
Edge i connects vertices A_i and B_i.
Your task is to find a path that satisfies the following conditions:

The path traverses two or more vertices.

The path does not traverse the same vertex more than once.

A vertex directly connected to at least one of the endpoints of the path, is always contained in the path.

It can be proved that such a path always exists.
Also, if there are more than one solution, any of them will be accepted.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq M \leq 10^5

1 \leq A_i < B_i \leq N

The given graph is connected and simple (that is, for every pair of vertices, there is at most one edge that directly connects them).

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
A_1 B_1
A_2 B_2
:
A_M B_M

Output

Find one path that satisfies the conditions, and print it in the following format.
In the first line, print the count of the vertices contained in the path.
In the second line, print a space-separated list of the indices of the vertices, in order of appearance in the path.

Sample Input 1

5 6
1 3
1 4
2 3
1 5
3 5
2 4

Sample Output 1

4
2 3 1 4

There are two vertices directly connected to vertex 2: vertices 3 and 4.
There are also two vertices directly connected to vertex 4: vertices 1 and 2.
Hence, the path 2 → 3 → 1 → 4 satisfies the conditions.

Sample Input 2

7 8
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5 6
6 7
3 5
2 6

Sample Output 2

7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

There is a circle with a circumference of L.
Each point on the circumference has a coordinate value, which represents the arc length from a certain reference point clockwise to the point.
On this circumference, there are N ants.
These ants are numbered 1 through N in order of increasing coordinate, and ant i is at coordinate X_i.

The N ants have just started walking.
For each ant i, you are given the initial direction W_i. Ant i is initially walking clockwise if W_i is 1; counterclockwise if W_i is 2.
Every ant walks at a constant speed of 1 per second.
Sometimes, two ants bump into each other.
Each of these two ants will then turn around and start walking in the opposite direction.

For each ant, find its position after T seconds.

Constraints

All input values are integers.

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq L \leq 10^9

1 \leq T \leq 10^9

0 \leq X_1 < X_2 < ... < X_N \leq L - 1

1 \leq W_i \leq 2

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N L T
X_1 W_1
X_2 W_2
:
X_N W_N

Output

Print N lines.
The i-th line should contain the coordinate of ant i after T seconds. Here, each coordinate must be between 0 and L-1, inclusive.

Sample Input 1

3 8 3
0 1
3 2
6 1

Sample Output 1

1
3
0

1.5 seconds after the ants start walking, ant 1 and 2 bump into each other at coordinate 1.5.
1 second after that, ant 1 and 3 bump into each other at coordinate 0.5.
0.5 seconds after that, that is, 3 seconds after the ants start walking, ants 1, 2 and 3 are at coordinates 1, 3 and 0, respectively.

Sample Input 2

4 20 9
7 2
9 1
12 1
18 1

Sample Output 2

7
18
18
1