alexjercan/bugnet huggingface dataset:
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

Nuske has a grid with N rows and M columns of squares. The rows are numbered 1 through N from top to bottom, and the columns are numbered 1 through M from left to right.
Each square in the grid is painted in either blue or white. If S_{i,j} is 1, the square at the i-th row and j-th column is blue; if S_{i,j} is 0, the square is white.
For every pair of two blue square a and b, there is at most one path that starts from a, repeatedly proceeds to an adjacent (side by side) blue square and finally reaches b, without traversing the same square more than once.

Phantom Thnook, Nuske's eternal rival, gives Q queries to Nuske. The i-th query consists of four integers x_{i,1}, y_{i,1}, x_{i,2} and y_{i,2} and asks him the following: when the rectangular region of the grid bounded by (and including) the x_{i,1}-th row, x_{i,2}-th row, y_{i,1}-th column and y_{i,2}-th column is cut out, how many connected components consisting of blue squares there are in the region?

Process all the queries.

Constraints

1 ≤ N,M ≤ 2000

1 ≤ Q ≤ 200000

S_{i,j} is either 0 or 1.

S_{i,j} satisfies the condition explained in the statement.

1 ≤ x_{i,1} ≤ x_{i,2} ≤ N(1 ≤ i ≤ Q)

1 ≤ y_{i,1} ≤ y_{i,2} ≤ M(1 ≤ i ≤ Q)

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M Q
S_{1,1}..S_{1,M}
:
S_{N,1}..S_{N,M}
x_{1,1} y_{i,1} x_{i,2} y_{i,2}
:
x_{Q,1} y_{Q,1} x_{Q,2} y_{Q,2}

Output

For each query, print the number of the connected components consisting of blue squares in the region.

Sample Input 1

3 4 4
1101
0110
1101
1 1 3 4
1 1 3 1
2 2 3 4
1 2 2 4

Sample Output 1

3
2
2
2

In the first query, the whole grid is specified. There are three components consisting of blue squares, and thus 3 should be printed.

In the second query, the region within the red frame is specified. There are two components consisting of blue squares, and thus 2 should be printed.
Note that squares that belong to the same component in the original grid may belong to different components.

Sample Input 2

5 5 6
11010
01110
10101
11101
01010
1 1 5 5
1 2 4 5
2 3 3 4
3 3 3 3
3 1 3 5
1 1 3 4

Sample Output 2

3
2
1
1
3
2
Score : 900 points

Problem Statement

Nukes has an integer that can be represented as the bitwise OR of one or more integers between A and B (inclusive).
How many possible candidates of the value of Nukes's integer there are?

Constraints

1 ≤ A ≤ B < 2^{60}

A and B are integers.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A
B

Output

Print the number of possible candidates of the value of Nukes's integer.

Sample Input 1

7
9

Sample Output 1

4

In this case, A=7 and B=9. There are four integers that can be represented as the bitwise OR of a non-empty subset of {7, 8, 9}: 7, 8, 9 and 15.

Sample Input 2

65
98

Sample Output 2

63

Sample Input 3

271828182845904523
314159265358979323

Sample Output 3

68833183630578410
Score : 1200 points

Problem Statement

Takahashi is an expert of Clone Jutsu, a secret art that creates copies of his body.

On a number line, there are N copies of Takahashi, numbered 1 through N.
The i-th copy is located at position X_i and starts walking with velocity V_i in the positive direction at time 0.

Kenus is a master of Transformation Jutsu, and not only can he change into a person other than himself, but he can also transform another person into someone else.

Kenus can select some of the copies of Takahashi at time 0, and transform them into copies of Aoki, another Ninja.
The walking velocity of a copy does not change when it transforms.
From then on, whenever a copy of Takahashi and a copy of Aoki are at the same coordinate, that copy of Takahashi transforms into a copy of Aoki.

Among the 2^N ways to transform some copies of Takahashi into copies of Aoki at time 0, in how many ways will all the copies of Takahashi become copies of Aoki after a sufficiently long time?
Find the count modulo 10^9+7.

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 200000

1 ≤ X_i,V_i ≤ 10^9(1 ≤ i ≤ N)

X_i and V_i are integers.

All X_i are distinct.

All V_i are distinct.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
X_1 V_1
:
X_N V_N

Output

Print the number of the ways that cause all the copies of Takahashi to turn into copies of Aoki after a sufficiently long time, modulo 10^9+7.

Sample Input 1

3
2 5
6 1
3 7

Sample Output 1

6

All copies of Takahashi will turn into copies of Aoki after a sufficiently long time if Kenus transforms one of the following sets of copies of Takahashi into copies of Aoki: (2), (3), (1,2), (1,3), (2,3) and (1,2,3).

Sample Input 2

4
3 7
2 9
8 16
10 8

Sample Output 2

9
Score : 1700 points

Problem Statement

Kenus, the organizer of International Euclidean Olympiad, is seeking a pair of two integers that requires many steps to find its greatest common divisor using the Euclidean algorithm.

You are given Q queries. The i-th query is represented as a pair of two integers X_i and Y_i, and asks you the following: among all pairs of two integers (x,y) such that 1 ≤ x ≤ X_i and 1 ≤ y ≤ Y_i, find the maximum Euclidean step count (defined below), and how many pairs have the maximum step count, modulo 10^9+7.

Process all the queries. Here, the Euclidean step count of a pair of two non-negative integers (a,b) is defined as follows:

(a,b) and (b,a) have the same Euclidean step count.

(0,a) has a Euclidean step count of 0.

If a > 0 and a ≤ b, let p and q be a unique pair of integers such that b=pa+q and 0 ≤ q < a. Then, the Euclidean step count of (a,b) is the Euclidean step count of (q,a) plus 1.

Constraints

1 ≤ Q ≤ 3 × 10^5

1 ≤ X_i,Y_i ≤ 10^{18}(1 ≤ i ≤ Q)

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

Q
X_1 Y_1
:
X_Q Y_Q

Output

For each query, print the maximum Euclidean step count, and the number of the pairs that have the maximum step count, modulo 10^9+7, with a space in between.

Sample Input 1

3
4 4
6 10
12 11

Sample Output 1

2 4
4 1
4 7

In the first query, (2,3), (3,2), (3,4) and (4,3) have a Euclidean step count of 2. No pairs have a step count of more than 2.

In the second query, (5,8) has a Euclidean step count of 4.

In the third query, (5,8), (8,5), (7,11), (8,11), (11,7), (11,8), (12,7) have a Euclidean step count of 4.

Sample Input 2

10
1 1
2 2
5 1000000000000000000
7 3
1 334334334334334334
23847657 23458792534
111111111 111111111
7 7
4 19
9 10

Sample Output 2

1 1
1 4
4 600000013
3 1
1 993994017
35 37447
38 2
3 6
3 9
4 2
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

Based on some criterion, Snuke divided the integers from 1 through 12 into three groups as shown in the figure below.
Given two integers x and y (1 ≤ x < y ≤ 12), determine whether they belong to the same group.

Constraints

x and y are integers.

1 ≤ x < y ≤ 12

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

x y

Output

If x and y belong to the same group, print Yes; otherwise, print No.

Sample Input 1

1 3

Sample Output 1

Yes

Sample Input 2

2 4

Sample Output 2

No
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

You are given a image with a height of H pixels and a width of W pixels.
Each pixel is represented by a lowercase English letter.
The pixel at the i-th row from the top and j-th column from the left is a_{ij}.

Put a box around this image and output the result. The box should consist of # and have a thickness of 1.

Constraints

1 ≤ H, W ≤ 100

a_{ij} is a lowercase English letter.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

H W
a_{11} ... a_{1W}
:
a_{H1} ... a_{HW}

Output

Print the image surrounded by a box that consists of # and has a thickness of 1.

Sample Input 1

2 3
abc
arc

Sample Output 1

#####
#abc#
#arc#
#####

Sample Input 2

1 1
z

Sample Output 2

###
#z#
###
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

There is a bar of chocolate with a height of H blocks and a width of W blocks.
Snuke is dividing this bar into exactly three pieces.
He can only cut the bar along borders of blocks, and the shape of each piece must be a rectangle.

Snuke is trying to divide the bar as evenly as possible.
More specifically, he is trying to minimize S_{max} - S_{min}, where S_{max} is the area (the number of blocks contained) of the largest piece, and S_{min} is the area of the smallest piece.
Find the minimum possible value of S_{max} - S_{min}.

Constraints

2 ≤ H, W ≤ 10^5

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

H W

Output

Print the minimum possible value of S_{max} - S_{min}.

Sample Input 1

3 5

Sample Output 1

0

In the division below, S_{max} - S_{min} = 5 - 5 = 0.

Sample Input 2

4 5

Sample Output 2

2

In the division below, S_{max} - S_{min} = 8 - 6 = 2.

Sample Input 3

5 5

Sample Output 3

4

In the division below, S_{max} - S_{min} = 10 - 6 = 4.

Sample Input 4

100000 2

Sample Output 4

1

Sample Input 5

100000 100000

Sample Output 5

50000
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

Let N be a positive integer.

There is a numerical sequence of length 3N, a = (a_1, a_2, ..., a_{3N}).
Snuke is constructing a new sequence of length 2N, a', by removing exactly N elements from a without changing the order of the remaining elements.
Here, the score of a' is defined as follows: (the sum of the elements in the first half of a') - (the sum of the elements in the second half of a').

Find the maximum possible score of a'.

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 10^5

a_i is an integer.

1 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^9

Partial Score

In the test set worth 300 points, N ≤ 1000.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 ... a_{3N}

Output

Print the maximum possible score of a'.

Sample Input 1

2
3 1 4 1 5 9

Sample Output 1

1

When a_2 and a_6 are removed, a' will be (3, 4, 1, 5), which has a score of (3 + 4) - (1 + 5) = 1.

Sample Input 2

1
1 2 3

Sample Output 2

-1

For example, when a_1 are removed, a' will be (2, 3), which has a score of 2 - 3 = -1.

Sample Input 3

3
8 2 2 7 4 6 5 3 8

Sample Output 3

5

For example, when a_2, a_3 and a_9 are removed, a' will be (8, 7, 4, 6, 5, 3), which has a score of (8 + 7 + 4) - (6 + 5 + 3) = 5.
Score : 800 points

Problem Statement

There are N squares arranged in a row.
The squares are numbered 1, 2, ..., N, from left to right.

Snuke is painting each square in red, green or blue.
According to his aesthetic sense, the following M conditions must all be satisfied.
The i-th condition is:

There are exactly x_i different colors among squares l_i, l_i + 1, ..., r_i.

In how many ways can the squares be painted to satisfy all the conditions?
Find the count modulo 10^9+7.

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 300

1 ≤ M ≤ 300

1 ≤ l_i ≤ r_i ≤ N

1 ≤ x_i ≤ 3

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
l_1 r_1 x_1
l_2 r_2 x_2
:
l_M r_M x_M

Output

Print the number of ways to paint the squares to satisfy all the conditions, modulo 10^9+7.

Sample Input 1

3 1
1 3 3

Sample Output 1

6

The six ways are:

RGB

RBG

GRB

GBR

BRG

BGR

where R, G and B correspond to red, green and blue squares, respectively.

Sample Input 2

4 2
1 3 1
2 4 2

Sample Output 2

6

The six ways are:

RRRG

RRRB

GGGR

GGGB

BBBR

BBBG

Sample Input 3

1 3
1 1 1
1 1 2
1 1 3

Sample Output 3

0

There are zero ways.

Sample Input 4

8 10
2 6 2
5 5 1
3 5 2
4 7 3
4 4 1
2 3 1
7 7 1
1 5 2
1 7 3
3 4 2

Sample Output 4

108
Score : 800 points

Problem Statement

There is a pond with a rectangular shape.
The pond is divided into a grid with H rows and W columns of squares.
We will denote the square at the i-th row from the top and j-th column from the left by (i,\ j).

Some of the squares in the pond contains a lotus leaf floating on the water.
On one of those leaves, S, there is a frog trying to get to another leaf T.
The state of square (i,\ j) is given to you by a character a_{ij}, as follows:

. : A square without a leaf.

o : A square with a leaf floating on the water.

S : A square with the leaf S.

T : A square with the leaf T.

The frog will repeatedly perform the following action to get to the leaf T: "jump to a leaf that is in the same row or the same column as the leaf where the frog is currently located."

Snuke is trying to remove some of the leaves, other than S and T, so that the frog cannot get to the leaf T.
Determine whether this objective is achievable. If it is achievable, find the minimum necessary number of leaves to remove.

Constraints

2 ≤ H, W ≤ 100

a_{ij} is ., o, S or T.

There is exactly one S among a_{ij}.

There is exactly one T among a_{ij}.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

H W
a_{11} ... a_{1W}
:
a_{H1} ... a_{HW}

Output

If the objective is achievable, print the minimum necessary number of leaves to remove.
Otherwise, print -1 instead.

Sample Input 1

3 3
S.o
.o.
o.T

Sample Output 1

2

Remove the upper-right and lower-left leaves.

Sample Input 2

3 4
S...
.oo.
...T

Sample Output 2

0

Sample Input 3

4 3
.S.
.o.
.o.
.T.

Sample Output 3

-1

Sample Input 4

10 10
.o...o..o.
....o.....
....oo.oo.
..oooo..o.
....oo....
..o..o....
o..o....So
o....T....
....o.....
........oo

Sample Output 4

5
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

You are given three integers A, B and C.
Determine whether C is not less than A and not greater than B.

Constraints

-100≤A,B,C≤100

A, B and C are all integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A B C

Output

If the condition is satisfied, print Yes; otherwise, print No.

Sample Input 1

1 3 2

Sample Output 1

Yes

C=2 is not less than A=1 and not greater than B=3, and thus the output should be Yes.

Sample Input 2

6 5 4

Sample Output 2

No

C=4 is less than A=6, and thus the output should be No.

Sample Input 3

2 2 2

Sample Output 3

Yes
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

There are N cities and M roads.
The i-th road (1≤i≤M) connects two cities a_i and b_i (1≤a_i,b_i≤N) bidirectionally.
There may be more than one road that connects the same pair of two cities.
For each city, how many roads are connected to the city?

Constraints

2≤N,M≤50

1≤a_i,b_i≤N

a_i ≠ b_i

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
a_1 b_1
:
a_M b_M

Output

Print the answer in N lines.
In the i-th line (1≤i≤N), print the number of roads connected to city i.

Sample Input 1

4 3
1 2
2 3
1 4

Sample Output 1

2
2
1
1

City 1 is connected to the 1-st and 3-rd roads.

City 2 is connected to the 1-st and 2-nd roads.

City 3 is connected to the 2-nd road.

City 4 is connected to the 3-rd road.

Sample Input 2

2 5
1 2
2 1
1 2
2 1
1 2

Sample Output 2

5
5

Sample Input 3

8 8
1 2
3 4
1 5
2 8
3 7
5 2
4 1
6 8

Sample Output 3

3
3
2
2
2
1
1
2
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There is an empty array.
The following N operations will be performed to insert integers into the array.
In the i-th operation (1≤i≤N), b_i copies of an integer a_i are inserted into the array.
Find the K-th smallest integer in the array after the N operations.
For example, the 4-th smallest integer in the array \{1,2,2,3,3,3\} is 3.

Constraints

1≤N≤10^5

1≤a_i,b_i≤10^5

1≤K≤b_1…+…b_n

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N K
a_1 b_1
:
a_N b_N

Output

Print the K-th smallest integer in the array after the N operations.

Sample Input 1

3 4
1 1
2 2
3 3

Sample Output 1

3

The resulting array is the same as the one in the problem statement.

Sample Input 2

10 500000
1 100000
1 100000
1 100000
1 100000
1 100000
100000 100000
100000 100000
100000 100000
100000 100000
100000 100000

Sample Output 2

1
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

There is a directed graph with N vertices and M edges.
The i-th edge (1≤i≤M) points from vertex a_i to vertex b_i, and has a weight c_i.
We will play the following single-player game using this graph and a piece.

Initially, the piece is placed at vertex 1, and the score of the player is set to 0.
The player can move the piece as follows:

When the piece is placed at vertex a_i, move the piece along the i-th edge to vertex b_i. After this move, the score of the player is increased by c_i.

The player can end the game only when the piece is placed at vertex N.
The given graph guarantees that it is possible to traverse from vertex 1 to vertex N.

When the player acts optimally to maximize the score at the end of the game, what will the score be?
If it is possible to increase the score indefinitely, print inf.

Constraints

2≤N≤1000

1≤M≤min(N(N-1),2000)

1≤a_i,b_i≤N (1≤i≤M)

a_i≠b_i (1≤i≤M)

a_i≠a_j or b_i≠b_j (1≤i<j≤M)

-10^9≤c_i≤10^9 (1≤i≤M)

c_i is an integer.

In the given graph, there exists a path from vertex 1 to vertex N.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
a_1 b_1 c_1
a_2 b_2 c_2
:
a_M b_M c_M

Output

Print the maximum possible score at the end of the game, if it is finite. If it is possible to increase the score indefinitely, print inf.

Sample Input 1

3 3
1 2 4
2 3 3
1 3 5

Sample Output 1

7

There are two ways to move the piece to vertex N=3:

vertex 1 → vertex 2 → vertex 3 : score 4+3=7

vertex 1 → vertex 3 : score 5

Thus, the maximum possible score at the end of the game is 7.

Sample Input 2

2 2
1 2 1
2 1 1

Sample Output 2

inf

It is possible to increase the score indefinitely by alternating between vertex 1 and 2.

Sample Input 3

6 5
1 2 -1000000000
2 3 -1000000000
3 4 -1000000000
4 5 -1000000000
5 6 -1000000000

Sample Output 3

-5000000000
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Takahashi, Aoki and Snuke love cookies. They have A, B and C cookies, respectively. Now, they will exchange those cookies by repeating the action below:

Each person simultaneously divides his cookies in half and gives one half to each of the other two persons.

This action will be repeated until there is a person with odd number of cookies in hand.

How many times will they repeat this action?
Note that the answer may not be finite.

Constraints

1 ≤ A,B,C ≤ 10^9

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A B C

Output

Print the number of times the action will be performed by the three people, if this number is finite.
If it is infinite, print -1 instead.

Sample Input 1

4 12 20

Sample Output 1

3

Initially, Takahashi, Aoki and Snuke have 4, 12 and 20 cookies. Then,

After the first action, they have 16, 12 and 8.

After the second action, they have 10, 12 and 14.

After the third action, they have 13, 12 and 11.

Now, Takahashi and Snuke have odd number of cookies, and therefore the answer is 3.

Sample Input 2

14 14 14

Sample Output 2

-1

Sample Input 3

454 414 444

Sample Output 3

1
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

Takahashi is not good at problems about trees in programming contests, and Aoki is helping him practice.

First, Takahashi created a tree with N vertices numbered 1 through N, and wrote 0 at each edge.

Then, Aoki gave him M queries. The i-th of them is as follows:

Increment the number written at each edge along the path connecting vertices a_i and b_i, by one.

After Takahashi executed all of the queries, he told Aoki that, for every edge, the written number became an even number.
However, Aoki forgot to confirm that the graph Takahashi created was actually a tree, and it is possible that Takahashi made a mistake in creating a tree or executing queries.

Determine whether there exists a tree that has the property mentioned by Takahashi.

Constraints

2 ≤ N ≤ 10^5

1 ≤ M ≤ 10^5

1 ≤ a_i,b_i ≤ N

a_i ≠ b_i

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
a_1 b_1
:
a_M b_M

Output

Print YES if there exists a tree that has the property mentioned by Takahashi; print NO otherwise.

Sample Input 1

4 4
1 2
2 4
1 3
3 4

Sample Output 1

YES

For example, Takahashi's graph has the property mentioned by him if it has the following edges: 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4.
In this case, the number written at every edge will become 2.

Sample Input 2

5 5
1 2
3 5
5 1
3 4
2 3

Sample Output 2

NO
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

Takahashi is locked within a building.

This building consists of H×W rooms, arranged in H rows and W columns.
We will denote the room at the i-th row and j-th column as (i,j). The state of this room is represented by a character A_{i,j}. If A_{i,j}= #, the room is locked and cannot be entered; if A_{i,j}= ., the room is not locked and can be freely entered.
Takahashi is currently at the room where A_{i,j}= S, which can also be freely entered.

Each room in the 1-st row, 1-st column, H-th row or W-th column, has an exit.
Each of the other rooms (i,j) is connected to four rooms: (i-1,j), (i+1,j), (i,j-1) and (i,j+1).

Takahashi will use his magic to get out of the building. In one cast, he can do the following:

Move to an adjacent room at most K times, possibly zero. Here, locked rooms cannot be entered.

Then, select and unlock at most K locked rooms, possibly zero. Those rooms will remain unlocked from then on.

His objective is to reach a room with an exit. Find the minimum necessary number of casts to do so.

It is guaranteed that Takahashi is initially at a room without an exit.

Constraints

3 ≤ H ≤ 800

3 ≤ W ≤ 800

1 ≤ K ≤ H×W

Each A_{i,j} is # , . or S.

There uniquely exists (i,j) such that A_{i,j}= S, and it satisfies 2 ≤ i ≤ H-1 and 2 ≤ j ≤ W-1.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

H W K
A_{1,1}A_{1,2}...A_{1,W}
:
A_{H,1}A_{H,2}...A_{H,W}

Output

Print the minimum necessary number of casts.

Sample Input 1

3 3 3
#.#
#S.
###

Sample Output 1

1

Takahashi can move to room (1,2) in one cast.

Sample Input 2

3 3 3
###
#S#
###

Sample Output 2

2

Takahashi cannot move in the first cast, but can unlock room (1,2).
Then, he can move to room (1,2) in the next cast, achieving the objective in two casts.

Sample Input 3

7 7 2
#######
#######
##...##
###S###
##.#.##
###.###
#######

Sample Output 3

2
Score : 900 points

Problem Statement

There is a tree with N vertices numbered 1 through N.
The i-th of the N-1 edges connects vertices a_i and b_i.

Initially, each vertex is uncolored.

Takahashi and Aoki is playing a game by painting the vertices. In this game, they alternately perform the following operation, starting from Takahashi:

Select a vertex that is not painted yet.

If it is Takahashi who is performing this operation, paint the vertex white; paint it black if it is Aoki.

Then, after all the vertices are colored, the following procedure takes place:

Repaint every white vertex that is adjacent to a black vertex, in black.

Note that all such white vertices are repainted simultaneously, not one at a time.

If there are still one or more white vertices remaining, Takahashi wins; if all the vertices are now black, Aoki wins.
Determine the winner of the game, assuming that both persons play optimally.

Constraints

2 ≤ N ≤ 10^5

1 ≤ a_i,b_i ≤ N

a_i ≠ b_i

The input graph is a tree.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 b_1
:
a_{N-1} b_{N-1}

Output

Print First if Takahashi wins; print Second if Aoki wins.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2
2 3

Sample Output 1

First

Below is a possible progress of the game:

First, Takahashi paint vertex 2 white.

Then, Aoki paint vertex 1 black.

Lastly, Takahashi paint vertex 3 white.

In this case, the colors of vertices 1, 2 and 3 after the final procedure are black, black and white, resulting in Takahashi's victory.

Sample Input 2

4
1 2
2 3
2 4

Sample Output 2

First

Sample Input 3

6
1 2
2 3
3 4
2 5
5 6

Sample Output 3

Second