alexjercan/bugnet huggingface dataset:
Score : 1200 points

Problem Statement

We have N boxes numbered 1 to N, and M balls numbered 1 to M.
Currently, Ball i is in Box A_i.

You can do the following operation:

Choose a box containing two or more balls, pick up one of the balls from that box, and put it into another box.

Since the balls are very easy to break, you cannot move Ball i more than C_i times in total.
Within this limit, you can do the operation any number of times.

Your objective is to have Ball i in Box B_i for every i (1 \leq i \leq M).
Determine whether this objective is achievable.
If it is, also find the minimum number of operations required to achieve it.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq M \leq 10^5

1 \leq A_i,B_i \leq N

1 \leq C_i \leq 10^5

In the situation where the objective is achieved, every box contains one or more balls.
That is, for every i (1 \leq i \leq N), there exists j such that B_j=i.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
A_1 B_1 C_1
A_2 B_2 C_2
\vdots
A_M B_M C_M

Output

If the objective is unachievable, print -1; if it is achievable, print the minimum number of operations required to achieve it.

Sample Input 1

3 3
1 2 1
2 1 1
1 3 2

Sample Output 1

3

We can achieve the objective in three operations, as follows:

Pick up Ball 1 from Box 1 and put it into Box 2.

Pick up Ball 2 from Box 2 and put it into Box 1.

Pick up Ball 3 from Box 1 and put it into Box 3.

Sample Input 2

2 2
1 2 1
2 1 1

Sample Output 2

-1

Sample Input 3

5 5
1 2 1
2 1 1
1 3 2
4 5 1
5 4 1

Sample Output 3

6

Sample Input 4

1 1
1 1 1

Sample Output 4

0
Score : 1800 points

Problem Statement

Snuke has X+Y balls.
X of them have an integer A written on them, and the other Y of them have an integer B written on them.

Snuke will divide these balls into some number of groups.
Here, every ball should be contained in exactly one group, and every group should contain one or more balls.

A group is said to be good when the sum of the integers written on the balls in that group is a multiple of an integer C.
Find the maximum possible number of good groups.

Solve T test cases for each input file.

Constraints

1 \leq T \leq 2 \times 10^4

1 \leq A,X,B,Y,C \leq 10^9

A \neq B

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format.
The first line is as follows:

T

Then, T test cases follow.
Each test case is given in the following format:

A X B Y C

Output

For each test case, print a line containing the maximum possible number of good groups.

Sample Input 1

3
3 3 4 4 5
2 1 1 5 3
3 1 4 2 5

Sample Output 1

2
2
0

In the first test case, we can have two good groups by making the following groups: \{3,3,4\} and \{3,4,4,4\}.

In the second test case, we can have two good groups by making the following groups: \{2,1\}, \{1,1,1\}, and \{1\}.
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

Compute A \times B.

Constraints

1 \leq A \leq 100

1 \leq B \leq 100

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A B

Output

Print the value A \times B as an integer.

Sample Input 1

2 5

Sample Output 1

10

We have 2 \times 5 = 10.

Sample Input 2

100 100

Sample Output 2

10000
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

Given N integers A_1, ..., A_N, compute A_1 \times ... \times A_N.

However, if the result exceeds 10^{18}, print -1 instead.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 10^5

0 \leq A_i \leq 10^{18}

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1 ... A_N

Output

Print the value A_1 \times ... \times A_N as an integer, or -1 if the value exceeds 10^{18}.

Sample Input 1

2
1000000000 1000000000

Sample Output 1

1000000000000000000

We have 1000000000 \times 1000000000 = 1000000000000000000.

Sample Input 2

3
101 9901 999999000001

Sample Output 2

-1

We have 101 \times 9901 \times 999999000001 = 1000000000000000001, which exceeds 10^{18}, so we should print -1 instead.

Sample Input 3

31
4 1 5 9 2 6 5 3 5 8 9 7 9 3 2 3 8 4 6 2 6 4 3 3 8 3 2 7 9 5 0

Sample Output 3

0
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Compute A \times B, truncate its fractional part, and print the result as an integer.

Constraints

0 \leq A \leq 10^{15}

0 \leq B < 10

A is an integer.

B is a number with two digits after the decimal point.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A B

Output

Print the answer as an integer.

Sample Input 1

198 1.10

Sample Output 1

217

We have 198 \times 1.10 = 217.8. After truncating the fractional part, we have the answer: 217.

Sample Input 2

1 0.01

Sample Output 2

0

Sample Input 3

1000000000000000 9.99

Sample Output 3

9990000000000000
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

Given is a positive integer N. Consider repeatedly applying the operation below on N:

First, choose a positive integer z satisfying all of the conditions below:

z can be represented as z=p^e, where p is a prime number and e is a positive integer;

z divides N;

z is different from all integers chosen in previous operations.

Then, replace N with N/z.

Find the maximum number of times the operation can be applied.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq N \leq 10^{12}

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum number of times the operation can be applied.

Sample Input 1

24

Sample Output 1

3

We can apply the operation three times by, for example, making the following choices:

Choose z=2 (=2^1). (Now we have N=12.)

Choose z=3 (=3^1). (Now we have N=4.)

Choose z=4 (=2^2). (Now we have N=1.)

Sample Input 2

1

Sample Output 2

0

We cannot apply the operation at all.

Sample Input 3

64

Sample Output 3

3

We can apply the operation three times by, for example, making the following choices:

Choose z=2 (=2^1). (Now we have N=32.)

Choose z=4 (=2^2). (Now we have N=8.)

Choose z=8 (=2^3). (Now we have N=1.)

Sample Input 4

1000000007

Sample Output 4

1

We can apply the operation once by, for example, making the following choice:

z=1000000007 (=1000000007^1). (Now we have N=1.)

Sample Input 5

997764507000

Sample Output 5

7
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

There are N integers X_1, X_2, \cdots, X_N, and we know that A_i \leq X_i \leq B_i.
Find the number of different values that the median of X_1, X_2, \cdots, X_N can take.

Notes

The median of X_1, X_2, \cdots, X_N is defined as follows. Let x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_N be the result of sorting X_1, X_2, \cdots, X_N in ascending order.

If N is odd, the median is x_{(N+1)/2};

if N is even, the median is (x_{N/2} + x_{N/2+1}) / 2.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

1 \leq A_i \leq B_i \leq 10^9

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1 B_1
A_2 B_2
:
A_N B_N

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

2
1 2
2 3

Sample Output 1

3

If X_1 = 1 and X_2 = 2, the median is \frac{3}{2};

if X_1 = 1 and X_2 = 3, the median is 2;

if X_1 = 2 and X_2 = 2, the median is 2;

if X_1 = 2 and X_2 = 3, the median is \frac{5}{2}.

Thus, the median can take three values: \frac{3}{2}, 2, and \frac{5}{2}.

Sample Input 2

3
100 100
10 10000
1 1000000000

Sample Output 2

9991
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

Given are a sequence of N positive integers A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N and another positive integer S.

For a non-empty subset T of the set \{1, 2, \ldots , N \}, let us define f(T) as follows:

f(T) is the number of different non-empty subsets \{x_1, x_2, \ldots , x_k \} of T such that A_{x_1}+A_{x_2}+\cdots +A_{x_k} = S.

Find the sum of f(T) over all 2^N-1 subsets T of \{1, 2, \ldots , N \}. Since the sum can be enormous, print it modulo 998244353.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq N \leq 3000

1 \leq S \leq 3000

1 \leq A_i \leq 3000

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N S
A_1 A_2 ... A_N

Output

Print the sum of f(T) modulo 998244353.

Sample Input 1

3 4
2 2 4

Sample Output 1

6

For each T, the value of f(T) is shown below. The sum of these values is 6.

f(\{1\}) = 0

f(\{2\}) = 0

f(\{3\}) = 1 (One subset \{3\} satisfies the condition.)

f(\{1, 2\}) = 1 (\{1, 2\})

f(\{2, 3\}) = 1 (\{3\})

f(\{1, 3\}) = 1 (\{3\})

f(\{1, 2, 3\}) = 2 (\{1, 2\}, \{3\})

Sample Input 2

5 8
9 9 9 9 9

Sample Output 2

0

Sample Input 3

10 10
3 1 4 1 5 9 2 6 5 3

Sample Output 3

3296
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

In this problem, we use the 24-hour clock.

Takahashi gets up exactly at the time H_1 : M_1 and goes to bed exactly at the time H_2 : M_2. (See Sample Inputs below for clarity.)
He has decided to study for K consecutive minutes while he is up.
What is the length of the period in which he can start studying?

Constraints

0 \le H_1, H_2 \le 23

0 \le M_1, M_2 \le 59

The time H_1 : M_1 comes before the time H_2 : M_2.

K \ge 1

Takahashi is up for at least K minutes.

All values in input are integers (without leading zeros).

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

H_1 M_1 H_2 M_2 K

Output

Print the length of the period in which he can start studying, as an integer.

Sample Input 1

10 0 15 0 30

Sample Output 1

270

Takahashi gets up at exactly ten in the morning and goes to bed at exactly three in the afternoon.
It takes 30 minutes to do the study, so he can start it in the period between ten o'clock and half-past two. The length of this period is 270 minutes, so we should print 270.

Sample Input 2

10 0 12 0 120

Sample Output 2

0

Takahashi gets up at exactly ten in the morning and goes to bed at exactly noon. It takes 120 minutes to do the study, so he has to start it at exactly ten o'clock. Thus, we should print 0.
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

For a string S consisting of the uppercase English letters P and D, let the doctoral and postdoctoral quotient of S be the total number of occurrences of D and PD in S as contiguous substrings. For example, if S = PPDDP, it contains two occurrences of D and one occurrence of PD as contiguous substrings, so the doctoral and postdoctoral quotient of S is 3.

We have a string T consisting of P, D, and ?.

Among the strings that can be obtained by replacing each ? in T with P or D, find one with the maximum possible doctoral and postdoctoral quotient.

Constraints

1 \leq |T| \leq 2 \times 10^5

T consists of P, D, and ?.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

T

Output

Print one string with the maximum possible doctoral and postdoctoral quotient among the strings that can be obtained by replacing each ? in T with P or D.
If there are multiple such strings, you may print any of them.

Sample Input 1

PD?D??P

Sample Output 1

PDPDPDP

This string contains three occurrences of D and three occurrences of PD as contiguous substrings, so its doctoral and postdoctoral quotient is 6, which is the maximum doctoral and postdoctoral quotient of a string obtained by replacing each ? in T with P or D.

Sample Input 2

P?P?

Sample Output 2

PDPD
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

Given is an integer sequence of length N+1: A_0, A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N. Is there a binary tree of depth N such that, for each d = 0, 1, \ldots, N, there are exactly A_d leaves at depth d? If such a tree exists, print the maximum possible number of vertices in such a tree; otherwise, print -1.

Notes

A binary tree is a rooted tree such that each vertex has at most two direct children.

A leaf in a binary tree is a vertex with zero children.

The depth of a vertex v in a binary tree is the distance from the tree's root to v. (The root has the depth of 0.)

The depth of a binary tree is the maximum depth of a vertex in the tree.

Constraints

0 \leq N \leq 10^5

0 \leq A_i \leq 10^{8} (0 \leq i \leq N)

A_N \geq 1

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_0 A_1 A_2 \cdots A_N

Output

Print the answer as an integer.

Sample Input 1

3
0 1 1 2

Sample Output 1

7

Below is the tree with the maximum possible number of vertices. It has seven vertices, so we should print 7.

Sample Input 2

4
0 0 1 0 2

Sample Output 2

10

Sample Input 3

2
0 3 1

Sample Output 3

-1

Sample Input 4

1
1 1

Sample Output 4

-1

Sample Input 5

10
0 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

Sample Output 5

264
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

There are N towns numbered 1, 2, \cdots, N.

Some roads are planned to be built so that each of them connects two distinct towns bidirectionally. Currently, there are no roads connecting towns.

In the planning of construction, each town chooses one town different from itself and requests the following: roads are built so that the chosen town is reachable from itself using one or more roads.

These requests from the towns are represented by an array P_1, P_2, \cdots, P_N. If P_i = -1, it means that Town i has not chosen the request; if 1 \leq P_i \leq N, it means that Town i has chosen Town P_i.

Let K be the number of towns i such that P_i = -1. There are (N-1)^K ways in which the towns can make the requests. For each way to make requests, find the minimum number of roads needed to meet all the requests, and print the sum of those (N-1)^K numbers, modulo (10^9+7).

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 5000

P_i = -1 or 1 \leq P_i \leq N.

P_i \neq i

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
P_1 P_2 \cdots P_N

Output

For each way to make requests, find the minimum number of roads needed to meet all the requests, and print the sum of those (N-1)^K numbers, modulo (10^9+7).

Sample Input 1

4
2 1 -1 3

Sample Output 1

8

There are three ways to make requests, as follows:

Choose P_1 = 2, P_2 = 1, P_3 = 1, P_4 = 3. In this case, at least three roads - for example, (1,2),(1,3),(3,4) - are needed to meet the requests.

Choose P_1 = 2, P_2 = 1, P_3 = 2, P_4 = 3. In this case, at least three roads - for example, (1,2),(1,3),(3,4) - are needed to meet the requests.

Choose P_1 = 2, P_2 = 1, P_3 = 4, P_4 = 3. In this case, at least two roads - for example, (1,2),(3,4) - are needed to meet the requests.

Note that it is not mandatory to connect Town i and Town P_i directly.

The sum of the above numbers is 8.

Sample Input 2

2
2 1

Sample Output 2

1

There may be just one fixed way to make requests.

Sample Input 3

10
2 6 9 -1 6 9 -1 -1 -1 -1

Sample Output 3

527841
Score : 900 points

Problem Statement

Takahashi has an empty string S and a variable x whose initial value is 0.

Also, we have a string T consisting of 0 and 1.

Now, Takahashi will do the operation with the following two steps |T| times.

Insert a 0 or a 1 at any position of S of his choice.

Then, increment x by the sum of the digits in the odd positions (first, third, fifth, ...) of S. For example, if S is 01101, the digits in the odd positions are 0, 1, 1 from left to right, so x is incremented by 2.

Print the maximum possible final value of x in a sequence of operations such that S equals T in the end.

Constraints

1 \leq |T| \leq 2 \times 10^5

T consists of 0 and 1.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

T

Output

Print the maximum possible final value of x in a sequence of operations such that S equals T in the end.

Sample Input 1

1101

Sample Output 1

5

Below is one sequence of operations that maximizes the final value of x to 5.

Insert a 1 at the beginning of S. S becomes 1, and x is incremented by 1.

Insert a 0 to the immediate right of the first character of S. S becomes 10, and x is incremented by 1.

Insert a 1 to the immediate right of the second character of S. S becomes 101, and x is incremented by 2.

Insert a 1 at the beginning of S. S becomes 1101, and x is incremented by 1.

Sample Input 2

0111101101

Sample Output 2

26
Score : 1000 points

Problem Statement

Takahashi and Snuke came up with a game that uses a number sequence, as follows:

Prepare a sequence of length M consisting of integers between 0 and 2^N-1 (inclusive): a = a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_M.

Snuke first does the operation below as many times as he likes:

Choose a positive integer d, and for each i (1 \leq i \leq M), in binary, set the d-th least significant bit of a_i to 0. (Here the least significant bit is considered the 1-st least significant bit.)

After Snuke finishes doing operations, Takahashi tries to sort a in ascending order by doing the operation below some number of times. Here a is said to be in ascending order when a_i \leq a_{i + 1} for all i (1 \leq i \leq M - 1).

Choose two adjacent elements of a: a_i and a_{i + 1}. If, in binary, these numbers differ in exactly one bit, swap a_i and a_{i + 1}.

There are 2^{NM} different sequences of length M consisting of integers between 0 and 2^N-1 that can be used in the game.

How many among them have the following property: if used in the game, there is always a way for Takahashi to sort the sequence in ascending order regardless of Snuke's operations? Find the count modulo (10^9 + 7).

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq N \leq 5000

2 \leq M \leq 5000

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M

Output

Print the number, modulo (10^9 + 7), of sequences with the property: if used in the game, there is always a way for Takahashi to sort the sequence in ascending order regardless of Snuke's operations.

Sample Input 1

2 5

Sample Output 1

352

Consider the case a = 1, 3, 1, 3, 1 for example.

When the least significant bit of each element of a is set to 0, a = 0, 2, 0, 2, 0;

When the second least significant bit of each element of a is set to 0, a = 1, 1, 1, 1, 1;

When the least two significant bits of each element of a are set to 0, a = 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.

In all of the cases above and the case when Snuke does no operation to change a, we can sort the sequence by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements that differ in exactly one bit.
Thus, this sequence has the property: if used in the game, there is always a way for Takahashi to sort the sequence in ascending order regardless of Snuke's operations.

Sample Input 2

2020 530

Sample Output 2

823277409
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

You start with the number 0 and you want to reach the number N.

You can change the number, paying a certain amount of coins, with the following operations:

Multiply the number by 2, paying A coins.

Multiply the number by 3, paying B coins.

Multiply the number by 5, paying C coins.

Increase or decrease the number by 1, paying D coins.

You can perform these operations in arbitrary order and an arbitrary number of times.

What is the minimum number of coins you need to reach N?

You have to solve T testcases.

Constraints

1 \le T \le 10

1 \le N \le 10^{18}

1 \le A, B, C, D \le 10^9

All numbers N, A, B, C, D are integers.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input. The first line of the input is

T

Then, T lines follow describing the T testcases.
Each of the T lines has the format

N A B C D

Output

For each testcase, print the answer on Standard Output followed by a newline.

Sample Input 1

5
11 1 2 4 8
11 1 2 2 8
32 10 8 5 4
29384293847243 454353412 332423423 934923490 1
900000000000000000 332423423 454353412 934923490 987654321

Sample Output 1

20
19
26
3821859835
23441258666

For the first testcase, a sequence of moves that achieves the minimum cost of 20 is:

Initially x = 0.

Pay 8 to increase by 1 (x = 1).

Pay 1 to multiply by 2 (x = 2).

Pay 1 to multiply by 2 (x = 4).

Pay 2 to multiply by 3 (x = 12).

Pay 8 to decrease by 1 (x = 11).

For the second testcase, a sequence of moves that achieves the minimum cost of 19 is:

Initially x = 0.

Pay 8 to increase by 1 (x = 1).

Pay 1 to multiply by 2 (x = 2).

Pay 2 to multiply by 5 (x = 10).

Pay 8 to increase by 1 (x = 11).
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

Tonight, in your favourite cinema they are giving the movie Joker and all seats are occupied. In the cinema there are N rows with N seats each, forming an N\times N square. We denote with 1, 2,\dots, N the viewers in the first row (from left to right); with N+1, \dots, 2N the viewers in the second row (from left to right); and so on until the last row, whose viewers are denoted by N^2-N+1,\dots, N^2.

At the end of the movie, the viewers go out of the cinema in a certain order: the i-th viewer leaving her seat is the one denoted by the number P_i. The viewer P_{i+1} waits until viewer P_i has left the cinema before leaving her seat.
To exit from the cinema, a viewer must move from seat to seat until she exits the square of seats (any side of the square is a valid exit). A viewer can move from a seat to one of its 4 adjacent seats (same row or same column).
While leaving the cinema, it might be that a certain viewer x goes through a seat currently occupied by viewer y; in that case viewer y will hate viewer x forever. Each viewer chooses the way that minimizes the number of viewers that will hate her forever.

Compute the number of pairs of viewers (x, y) such that y will hate x forever.

Constraints

2 \le N \le 500

The sequence P_1, P_2, \dots, P_{N^2} is a permutation of \{1, 2, \dots, N^2\}.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the format

N
P_1 P_2 \cdots P_{N^2}

Output

If ans is the number of pairs of viewers described in the statement, you should print on Standard Output

ans

Sample Input 1

3
1 3 7 9 5 4 8 6 2

Sample Output 1

1

Before the end of the movie, the viewers are arranged in the cinema as follows:

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

The first four viewers leaving the cinema (1, 3, 7, 9) can leave the cinema without going through any seat, so they will not be hated by anybody.

Then, viewer 5 must go through one of the seats where viewers 2, 4, 6, 8 are currently seated while leaving the cinema; hence he will be hated by at least one of those viewers.

Finally the remaining viewers can leave the cinema (in the order 4, 8, 6, 2) without going through any occupied seat (actually, they can leave the cinema without going through any seat at all).

Sample Input 2

4
6 7 1 4 13 16 10 9 5 11 12 14 15 2 3 8

Sample Output 2

3

Sample Input 3

6
11 21 35 22 7 36 27 34 8 20 15 13 16 1 24 3 2 17 26 9 18 32 31 23 19 14 4 25 10 29 28 33 12 6 5 30

Sample Output 3

11
Score : 1000 points

Problem Statement

There are 3^N people dancing in circle.
We denote with 0,1,\dots, 3^{N}-1 the positions in the circle, starting from an arbitrary position and going around clockwise. Initially each position in the circle is occupied by one person.

The people are going to dance on two kinds of songs: salsa and rumba.

When a salsa is played, the person in position i goes to position j, where j is the number obtained replacing all digits 1 with 2 and all digits 2 with 1 when reading i in base 3 (e.g., the person in position 46 goes to position 65).

When a rumba is played, the person in position i moves to position i+1 (with the identification 3^N = 0).

You are given a string T=T_1T_2\cdots T_{|T|} such that T_i=S if the i-th song is a salsa and T_i=R if it is a rumba.
After all the songs have been played, the person that initially was in position i is in position P_i.
Compute the array P_0,P_1,\dots, P_{3^N-1}.

Constraints

1 \le N \le 12

1 \le |T| \le 200,000

T contains only the characters S and R.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
T

Output

You should print on Standard Output:

P_0 P_1 \cdots P_{3^N-1}

Sample Input 1

1
SRS

Sample Output 1

2 0 1

Before any song is played, the positions are: 0, 1, 2.

When we say "person i", we mean "the person that was initially in position i".

After the first salsa, the positions are: 0, 2, 1.

After the rumba, the positions are: 1, 0, 2 (so, person 0 is in position 1, person 1 is in position 0 and person 2 is in position 2).

After the second salsa, the positions are 2, 0, 1 (so, person 0 is in position 2, person 1 is in position 0 and person 2 is in position 1).

Sample Input 2

2
RRSRSSSSR

Sample Output 2

3 8 1 0 5 7 6 2 4

Sample Input 3

3
SRSRRSRRRSRRRR

Sample Output 3

23 9 22 8 3 7 20 24 19 5 18 4 17 12 16 2 6 1 14 0 13 26 21 25 11 15 10