alexjercan/bugnet huggingface dataset:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

Niwango-kun is an employee of Dwango Co., Ltd.

One day, he is asked to generate a thumbnail from a video a user submitted.

To generate a thumbnail, he needs to select a frame of the video according to the following procedure:

Get an integer N and N integers a_0, a_1, ..., a_{N-1} as inputs. N denotes the number of the frames of the video, and each a_i denotes the representation of the i-th frame of the video.

Select t-th frame whose representation a_t is nearest to the average of all frame representations.

If there are multiple such frames, select the frame with the smallest index.

Find the index t of the frame he should select to generate a thumbnail.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 100

1 \leq a_i \leq 100

All numbers given in input are integers

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_{0} a_{1} ... a_{N-1}

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2 3

Sample Output 1

1

Since the average of frame representations is 2, Niwango-kun needs to select the index 1, whose representation is 2, that is, the nearest value to the average.

Sample Input 2

4
2 5 2 5

Sample Output 2

0

The average of frame representations is 3.5.

In this case, every frame has the same distance from its representation to the average.

Therefore, Niwango-kun should select index 0, the smallest index among them.
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

One day, Niwango-kun, an employee of Dwango Co., Ltd., found an integer sequence (a_1, ..., a_N) of length N.
He is interested in properties of the sequence a.

For a nonempty contiguous subsequence a_l, ..., a_r (1 \leq l \leq r \leq N) of the sequence a, its beauty is defined as a_l + ... + a_r. Niwango-kun wants to know the maximum possible value of the bitwise AND of the beauties of K nonempty contiguous subsequences among all N(N+1)/2 nonempty contiguous subsequences. (Subsequences may share elements.)

Find the maximum possible value for him.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 1000

1 \leq a_i \leq 10^9

1 \leq K \leq N(N+1)/2

All numbers given in input are integers

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N K
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

4 2
2 5 2 5

Sample Output 1

12

There are 10 nonempty contiguous subsequences of a. Let us enumerate them:

contiguous subsequences starting from the first element: \{2\}, \{2, 5\}, \{2, 5, 2\}, \{2, 5, 2, 5\}

contiguous subsequences starting from the second element: \{5\}, \{5, 2\}, \{5, 2, 5\}

contiguous subsequences starting from the third element: \{2\}, \{2, 5\}

contiguous subsequences starting from the fourth element: \{5\}

(Note that even if the elements of subsequences are equal, subsequences that have different starting indices are considered to be different.)

The maximum possible bitwise AND of the beauties of two different contiguous subsequences is 12.
This can be achieved by choosing \{5, 2, 5\} (with beauty 12) and \{2, 5, 2, 5\} (with beauty 14).

Sample Input 2

8 4
9 1 8 2 7 5 6 4

Sample Output 2

32
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

In Dwango Co., Ltd., there is a content distribution system named 'Dwango Media Cluster', and it is called 'DMC' for short.

The name 'DMC' sounds cool for Niwango-kun, so he starts to define DMC-ness of a string.

Given a string S of length N and an integer k (k \geq 3),
he defines the k-DMC number of S as the number of triples (a, b, c) of integers that satisfy the following conditions:

0 \leq a < b < c \leq N - 1

S[a] = D

S[b] = M

S[c] = C

c-a < k

Here S[a] is the a-th character of the string S. Indexing is zero-based, that is, 0 \leq a \leq N - 1 holds.

For a string S and Q integers k_0, k_1, ..., k_{Q-1}, calculate the k_i-DMC number of S for each i (0 \leq i \leq Q-1).

Constraints

3 \leq N \leq 10^6

S consists of uppercase English letters

1 \leq Q \leq 75

3 \leq k_i \leq N

All numbers given in input are integers

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S
Q
k_{0} k_{1} ... k_{Q-1}

Output

Print Q lines.
The i-th line should contain the k_i-DMC number of the string S.

Sample Input 1

18
DWANGOMEDIACLUSTER
1
18

Sample Output 1

1

(a,b,c) = (0, 6, 11) satisfies the conditions.

Strangely, Dwango Media Cluster does not have so much DMC-ness by his definition.

Sample Input 2

18
DDDDDDMMMMMCCCCCCC
1
18

Sample Output 2

210

The number of triples can be calculated as 6\times 5\times 7.

Sample Input 3

54
DIALUPWIDEAREANETWORKGAMINGOPERATIONCORPORATIONLIMITED
3
20 30 40

Sample Output 3

0
1
2

(a, b, c) = (0, 23, 36), (8, 23, 36) satisfy the conditions except the last one, namely, c-a < k_i.

By the way, DWANGO is an acronym for "Dial-up Wide Area Network Gaming Operation".

Sample Output 4

30
DMCDMCDMCDMCDMCDMCDMCDMCDMCDMC
4
5 10 15 20

Sample Output 4

10
52
110
140
Score : 800 points

Problem Statement

Niwango-kun, an employee of Dwango Co., Ltd., likes Niconico TV-chan, so he collected a lot of soft toys of her and spread them on the floor.

Niwango-kun has N black rare soft toys of Niconico TV-chan and they are spread together with ordinary ones. He wanted these black rare soft toys to be close together, so he decided to rearrange them.

In an infinitely large two-dimensional plane, every lattice point has a soft toy on it. The coordinates (x_i,y_i) of N black rare soft toys are given. All soft toys are considered to be points (without a length, area, or volume).

He may perform the following operation arbitrarily many times:

Put an axis-aligned square with side length D, rotate the square by 90 degrees with four soft toys on the four corners of the square. More specifically, if the left bottom corner's coordinate is (x, y), rotate four points (x,y) \rightarrow (x+D,y) \rightarrow (x+D,y+D) \rightarrow (x,y+D) \rightarrow (x,y) in this order. Each of the four corners of the square must be on a lattice point.

Let's define the scatteredness of an arrangement by the minimum side length of an axis-aligned square enclosing all black rare soft toys. Black rare soft toys on the edges or the vertices of a square are considered to be enclosed by the square.

Find the minimum scatteredness after he performs arbitrarily many operations.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq D \leq 1000

0 \leq x_i, y_i \leq 10^9

Given coordinates are pairwise distinct

All numbers given in input are integers

Partial Scores

500 points will be awarded for passing the test set satisfying 1 \leq D \leq 30.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N D
x_1 y_1
:
x_N y_N

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

3 1
0 0
1 0
2 0

Sample Output 1

1

Sample Input 2

19 2
1 3
2 3
0 1
1 1
2 1
3 1
4 4
5 4
6 4
7 4
8 4
8 3
8 2
8 1
8 0
7 0
6 0
5 0
4 0

Sample Output 2

4

Sample Input 3

8 3
0 0
0 3
3 0
3 3
2 2
2 5
5 2
5 5

Sample Output 3

4
Score : 1000 points

Problem Statement

Niwango-kun has \(N\) chickens as his pets. The chickens are identified by numbers \(1\) to \(N\), and the size of the \(i\)-th chicken is a positive integer \(a_i\).

\(N\) chickens decided to take each other's hand (wing) and form some cycles. The way to make cycles is represented by a permutation \(p\) of \(1, \ldots , N\). Chicken \(i\) takes chicken \(p_i\)'s left hand by its right hand. Chickens may take their own hand.

Let us define the cycle containing chicken \(i\) as the set consisting of chickens \(p_i, p_{p_i}, \ldots, p_{\ddots_i} = i\). It can be proven that after each chicken takes some chicken's hand, the \(N\) chickens can be decomposed into cycles.

The beauty \(f(p)\) of a way of forming cycles is defined as the product of the size of the smallest chicken in each cycle.
Let \(b_i \ (1 \leq i \leq N)\) be the sum of \(f(p)\) among all possible permutations \(p\) for which \(i\) cycles are formed in the procedure above.

Find the greatest common divisor of \(b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_N\) and print it \({\rm mod} \ 998244353\).

Constraints

\(1 \leq N \leq 10^5\)

\(1 \leq a_i \leq 10^9\)

All numbers given in input are integers

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

\(N\)
\(a_1\) \(a_2\) \(\ldots\) \(a_N\)

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

2
4 3

Sample Output 1

3

In this case, \(N = 2, a = [ 4, 3 ]\).

For the permutation \(p = [ 1, 2 ]\), a cycle of an only chicken \(1\) and a cycle of an only chicken \(2\) are made, thus \(f([1, 2]) = a_1 \times a_2 = 12\).

For the permutation \(p = [ 2, 1 ]\), a cycle of two chickens \(1\) and \(2\) is made, and the size of the smallest chicken is \(a_2 = 3\), thus \(f([2, 1]) = a_2 = 3\).

Now we know \(b_1 = f([2, 1]) = 3, b_2 = f([1, 2]) = 12\), and the greatest common divisor of \(b_1\) and \(b_2\) is \(3\).

Sample Input 2

4
2 5 2 5

Sample Output 2

2

There are always \(N!\) permutations because chickens of the same size can be distinguished from each other.

The following picture illustrates the cycles formed and their beauties when \(p = (2, 1, 4, 3)\) and \(p = (3, 4, 1, 2)\), respectively.
Score: 100 points

Problem Statement

There is a train going from Station A to Station B that costs X yen (the currency of Japan).

Also, there is a bus going from Station B to Station C that costs Y yen.

Joisino got a special ticket. With this ticket, she can take the bus for half the fare if she travels from Station A to Station B by train and then travels from Station B to Station C by bus.

How much does it cost to travel from Station A to Station C if she uses this ticket?

Constraints

1 \leq X,Y \leq 100

Y is an even number.

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

X Y

Output

If it costs x yen to travel from Station A to Station C, print x.

Sample Input 1

81 58

Sample Output 1

110

The train fare is 81 yen.

The train fare is 58 ⁄ 2=29 yen with the 50% discount.

Thus, it costs 110 yen to travel from Station A to Station C.

Sample Input 2

4 54

Sample Output 2

31
Score: 200 points

Problem Statement

A country decides to build a palace.

In this country, the average temperature of a point at an elevation of x meters is T-x \times 0.006 degrees Celsius.

There are N places proposed for the place. The elevation of Place i is H_i meters.

Among them, Princess Joisino orders you to select the place whose average temperature is the closest to A degrees Celsius, and build the palace there.

Print the index of the place where the palace should be built.

It is guaranteed that the solution is unique.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 1000

0 \leq T \leq 50

-60 \leq A \leq T

0 \leq H_i \leq 10^5

All values in input are integers.

The solution is unique.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
T A
H_1 H_2 ... H_N

Output

Print the index of the place where the palace should be built.

Sample Input 1

2
12 5
1000 2000

Sample Output 1

1

The average temperature of Place 1 is 12-1000 \times 0.006=6 degrees Celsius.

The average temperature of Place 2 is 12-2000 \times 0.006=0 degrees Celsius.

Thus, the palace should be built at Place 1.

Sample Input 2

3
21 -11
81234 94124 52141

Sample Output 2

3
Score: 300 points

Problem Statement

In Republic of Atcoder, there are N prefectures, and a total of M cities that belong to those prefectures.

City i is established in year Y_i and belongs to Prefecture P_i.

You can assume that there are no multiple cities that are established in the same year.

It is decided to allocate a 12-digit ID number to each city.

If City i is the x-th established city among the cities that belong to Prefecture i, the first six digits of the ID number of City i is P_i, and the last six digits of the ID number is x.

Here, if P_i or x (or both) has less than six digits, zeros are added to the left until it has six digits.

Find the ID numbers for all the cities.

Note that there can be a prefecture with no cities.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq M \leq 10^5

1 \leq P_i \leq N

1 \leq Y_i \leq 10^9

Y_i are all different.

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
P_1 Y_1
:
P_M Y_M

Output

Print the ID numbers for all the cities, in ascending order of indices (City 1, City 2, ...).

Sample Input 1

2 3
1 32
2 63
1 12

Sample Output 1

000001000002
000002000001
000001000001

As City 1 is the second established city among the cities that belong to Prefecture 1, its ID number is 000001000002.

As City 2 is the first established city among the cities that belong to Prefecture 2, its ID number is 000002000001.

As City 3 is the first established city among the cities that belong to Prefecture 1, its ID number is 000001000001.

Sample Input 2

2 3
2 55
2 77
2 99

Sample Output 2

000002000001
000002000002
000002000003
Score: 400 points

Problem Statement

Amidakuji is a traditional method of lottery in Japan.

To make an amidakuji, we first draw W parallel vertical lines, and then draw horizontal lines that connect them. The length of each vertical line is H+1 [cm], and the endpoints of the horizontal lines must be at 1, 2, 3, ..., or H [cm] from the top of a vertical line.

A valid amidakuji is an amidakuji that satisfies the following conditions:

No two horizontal lines share an endpoint.

The two endpoints of each horizontal lines must be at the same height.

A horizontal line must connect adjacent vertical lines.

Find the number of the valid amidakuji that satisfy the following condition, modulo 1\ 000\ 000\ 007: if we trace the path from the top of the leftmost vertical line to the bottom, always following horizontal lines when we encounter them, we reach the bottom of the K-th vertical line from the left.

For example, in the following amidakuji, we will reach the bottom of the fourth vertical line from the left.

Constraints

H is an integer between 1 and 100 (inclusive).

W is an integer between 1 and 8 (inclusive).

K is an integer between 1 and W (inclusive).

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

H W K

Output

Print the number of the amidakuji that satisfy the condition, modulo 1\ 000\ 000\ 007.

Sample Input 1

1 3 2

Sample Output 1

1

Only the following one amidakuji satisfies the condition:

Sample Input 2

1 3 1

Sample Output 2

2

Only the following two amidakuji satisfy the condition:

Sample Input 3

2 3 3

Sample Output 3

1

Only the following one amidakuji satisfies the condition:

Sample Input 4

2 3 1

Sample Output 4

5

Only the following five amidakuji satisfy the condition:

Sample Input 5

7 1 1

Sample Output 5

1

As there is only one vertical line, we cannot draw any horizontal lines. Thus, there is only one amidakuji that satisfies the condition: the amidakuji with no horizontal lines.

Sample Input 6

15 8 5

Sample Output 6

437760187

Be sure to print the answer modulo 1\ 000\ 000\ 007.
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

You are given N integers; the i-th of them is A_i.
Find the maximum possible sum of the absolute differences between the adjacent elements after arranging these integers in a row in any order you like.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq A_i \leq 10^9

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1
:
A_N

Output

Print the maximum possible sum of the absolute differences between the adjacent elements after arranging the given integers in a row in any order you like.

Sample Input 1

5
6
8
1
2
3

Sample Output 1

21

When the integers are arranged as 3,8,1,6,2, the sum of the absolute differences between the adjacent elements is |3 - 8| + |8 - 1| + |1 - 6| + |6 - 2| = 21. This is the maximum possible sum.

Sample Input 2

6
3
1
4
1
5
9

Sample Output 2

25

Sample Input 3

3
5
5
1

Sample Output 3

8
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You are given an integer N. Determine if there exists a tuple of subsets of \{1,2,...N\}, (S_1,S_2,...,S_k), that satisfies the following conditions:

Each of the integers 1,2,...,N is contained in exactly two of the sets S_1,S_2,...,S_k.

Any two of the sets S_1,S_2,...,S_k have exactly one element in common.

If such a tuple exists, construct one such tuple.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

N is an integer.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

If a tuple of subsets of \{1,2,...N\} that satisfies the conditions does not exist, print No.
If such a tuple exists, print Yes first, then print such subsets in the following format:

k
|S_1| S_{1,1} S_{1,2} ... S_{1,|S_1|}
:
|S_k| S_{k,1} S_{k,2} ... S_{k,|S_k|}

where S_i={S_{i,1},S_{i,2},...,S_{i,|S_i|}}.

If there are multiple such tuples, any of them will be accepted.

Sample Input 1

3

Sample Output 1

Yes
3
2 1 2
2 3 1
2 2 3

It can be seen that (S_1,S_2,S_3)=(\{1,2\},\{3,1\},\{2,3\}) satisfies the conditions.

Sample Input 2

4

Sample Output 2

No
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

There are some coins in the xy-plane.
The positions of the coins are represented by a grid of characters with H rows and W columns.
If the character at the i-th row and j-th column, s_{ij}, is #, there is one coin at point (i,j); if that character is ., there is no coin at point (i,j). There are no other coins in the xy-plane.

There is no coin at point (x,y) where 1\leq i\leq H,1\leq j\leq W does not hold.
There is also no coin at point (x,y) where x or y (or both) is not an integer.
Additionally, two or more coins never exist at the same point.

Find the number of triples of different coins that satisfy the following condition:

Choosing any two of the three coins would result in the same Manhattan distance between the points where they exist.

Here, the Manhattan distance between points (x,y) and (x',y') is |x-x'|+|y-y'|.
Two triples are considered the same if the only difference between them is the order of the coins.

Constraints

1 \leq H,W \leq 300

s_{ij} is # or ..

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

H W
s_{11}...s_{1W}
:
s_{H1}...s_{HW}

Output

Print the number of triples that satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

5 4
#.##
.##.
#...
..##
...#

Sample Output 1

3

((1,1),(1,3),(2,2)),((1,1),(2,2),(3,1)) and ((1,3),(3,1),(4,4)) satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

13 27
......#.........#.......#..
#############...#.....###..
..............#####...##...
...#######......#...#######
...#.....#.....###...#...#.
...#######....#.#.#.#.###.#
..............#.#.#...#.#..
#############.#.#.#...###..
#...........#...#...#######
#..#######..#...#...#.....#
#..#.....#..#...#...#.###.#
#..#######..#...#...#.#.#.#
#..........##...#...#.#####

Sample Output 2

870
Score : 900 points

Problem Statement

You are given a sequence of N integers: A_1,A_2,...,A_N.

Find the number of permutations p_1,p_2,...,p_N of 1,2,...,N that can be changed to A_1,A_2,...,A_N by performing the following operation some number of times (possibly zero), modulo 998244353:

For each 1\leq i\leq N, let q_i=min(p_{i-1},p_{i}), where p_0=p_N. Replace the sequence p with the sequence q.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 3 × 10^5

1 \leq A_i \leq N

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1
:
A_N

Output

Print the number of the sequences that satisfy the condition, modulo 998244353.

Sample Input 1

3
1
2
1

Sample Output 1

2

(2,3,1) and (3,2,1) satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

5
3
1
4
1
5

Sample Output 2

0

Sample Input 3

8
4
4
4
1
1
1
2
2

Sample Output 3

24

Sample Input 4

6
1
1
6
2
2
2

Sample Output 4

0
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length 2 or 3 consisting of lowercase English letters. If the length of the string is 2, print it as is; if the length is 3, print the string after reversing it.

Constraints

The length of S is 2 or 3.

S consists of lowercase English letters.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

S

Output

If the length of S is 2, print S as is; if the length is 3, print S after reversing it.

Sample Input 1

abc

Sample Output 1

cba

As the length of S is 3, we print it after reversing it.

Sample Input 2

ac

Sample Output 2

ac

As the length of S is 2, we print it as is.
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

In the beginning, Takahashi has A cookies, and Aoki has B cookies.
They will perform the following operation alternately, starting from Takahashi:

If the number of cookies in his hand is odd, eat one of those cookies; if the number is even, do nothing. Then, give one-half of the cookies in his hand to the other person.

Find the numbers of cookies Takahashi and Aoki respectively have after performing K operations in total.

Constraints

1 \leq A,B \leq 10^9

1 \leq K \leq 100

A,B and K are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A B K

Output

Print the number of cookies Takahashi has, and the number of cookies Aoki has, in this order, after performing K operations in total.

Sample Input 1

5 4 2

Sample Output 1

5 3

The process will go as follows:

In the beginning, Takahashi and Aoki have 5 and 4 cookies, respectively.

Takahashi eats one cookie and gives two cookies to Aoki. They now have 2 and 6 cookies, respectively.

Aoki gives three cookies to Takahashi. They now have 5 and 3 cookies, respectively.

Sample Input 2

3 3 3

Sample Output 2

1 3

Sample Input 3

314159265 358979323 84

Sample Output 3

448759046 224379523
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N and another string T of length M.
These strings consist of lowercase English letters.

A string X is called a good string when the following conditions are all met:

Let L be the length of X. L is divisible by both N and M.

Concatenating the 1-st, (\frac{L}{N}+1)-th, (2 \times \frac{L}{N}+1)-th, ..., ((N-1)\times\frac{L}{N}+1)-th characters of X, without changing the order, results in S.

Concatenating the 1-st, (\frac{L}{M}+1)-th, (2 \times \frac{L}{M}+1)-th, ..., ((M-1)\times\frac{L}{M}+1)-th characters of X, without changing the order, results in T.

Determine if there exists a good string. If it exists, find the length of the shortest such string.

Constraints

1 \leq N,M \leq 10^5

S and T consist of lowercase English letters.

|S|=N

|T|=M

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
S
T

Output

If a good string does not exist, print -1; if it exists, print the length of the shortest such string.

Sample Input 1

3 2
acp
ae

Sample Output 1

6

For example, the string accept is a good string.
There is no good string shorter than this, so the answer is 6.

Sample Input 2

6 3
abcdef
abc

Sample Output 2

-1

Sample Input 3

15 9
dnsusrayukuaiia
dujrunuma

Sample Output 3

45