Problem p02691 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Time Limit Exceeded

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define endl '\\n'
#define rep(i, a, n) for (int i = a; i < n; i++)
#define per(i, a, n) for (int i = n - 1; i >= a; i--)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define fi first
#define se second
#define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size())
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef double db;
mt19937 mrand(random_device{}());
const ll mod = 1000000007;
int rnd(int x) { return mrand() % x; }
ll powmod(ll a, ll b) {
  ll res = 1;
  a %= mod;
  assert(b >= 0);
  for (; b; b >>= 1) {
    if (b & 1)
      res = res * a % mod;
    a = a * a % mod;
  }
  return res % mod;
}
ll gcd(ll a, ll b) { return b ? gcd(b, a % b) : a; }
ll lcm(ll a, ll b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; }
const std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> moves{{0, -1}, {-1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 0}};
inline int bitCount(int x) { return __builtin_popcount(x); } // 1001 -> 2
inline int bitCount(ll x) { return __builtin_popcountll(x); }
inline int highestOneBit(int x) {
  return 1 << (31 - __builtin_clz(x | 1));
} // 1001 -> 8
inline int binaryDigits(int x) {
  return 32 - __builtin_clz(x | 1);
} // 1001 -> 4
// head
template <typename A> string to_string(A *ptr) {
  stringstream ss;
  ss << "0x" << std::setw(16) << std::setfill('0') << std::hex
     << (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)ptr;
  return ss.str();
}
template <typename A, typename B> string to_string(pair<A, B> p);
template <typename A, typename B, typename C>
string to_string(tuple<A, B, C> p);
template <typename A, typename B, typename C, typename D>
string to_string(tuple<A, B, C, D> p);
string to_string(const string &s) { return '"' + s + '"'; }
string to_string(const char *s) { return to_string((string)s); }
string to_string(bool b) { return (b ? "true" : "false"); }
string to_string(vector<bool> v) {
  bool first = true;
  string res = "{";
  for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(v.size()); i++) {
    if (!first) {
      res += ", ";
    }
    first = false;
    res += to_string(v[i]);
  }
  res += "}";
  return res;
}
template <size_t N> string to_string(bitset<N> v) {
  string res = "";
  for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++) {
    res += static_cast<char>('0' + v[i]);
  }
  return res;
}
template <typename A> string to_string(A v) {
  bool first = true;
  string res = "{";
  for (const auto &x : v) {
    if (!first) {
      res += ", ";
    }
    first = false;
    res += to_string(x);
  }
  res += "}";
  return res;
}
template <typename A, typename B> string to_string(pair<A, B> p) {
  return "(" + to_string(p.first) + ", " + to_string(p.second) + ")";
}
template <typename A, typename B, typename C>
string to_string(tuple<A, B, C> p) {
  return "(" + to_string(get<0>(p)) + ", " + to_string(get<1>(p)) + ", " +
         to_string(get<2>(p)) + ")";
}
template <typename A, typename B, typename C, typename D>
string to_string(tuple<A, B, C, D> p) {
  return "(" + to_string(get<0>(p)) + ", " + to_string(get<1>(p)) + ", " +
         to_string(get<2>(p)) + ", " + to_string(get<3>(p)) + ")";
}
void debug_out() { cerr << endl; }
template <typename Head, typename... Tail> void debug_out(Head H, Tail... T) {
  cerr << " " << to_string(H);
  debug_out(T...);
}
#if !ONLINE_JUDGE && 1
#define dbg(...) cerr << "[" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]:", debug_out(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define dbg(...) 42
#endif
// Debug

int main() {
  ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
  cin.tie(0);
  cout.tie(0);
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  VI h(n);
  rep(i, 0, n) cin >> h[i];
  map<int, int> s;
  ll cnt = 0;
  rep(j, 0, n) {
    cnt += s[h[j] - j];
    s[-h[j] - j]++;
  }
  cout << cnt << endl;
}


Error: TLE

Fixed submission:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define endl '\\n'
#define rep(i, a, n) for (int i = a; i < n; i++)
#define per(i, a, n) for (int i = n - 1; i >= a; i--)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define fi first
#define se second
#define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size())
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef double db;
mt19937 mrand(random_device{}());
const ll mod = 1000000007;
int rnd(int x) { return mrand() % x; }
ll powmod(ll a, ll b) {
  ll res = 1;
  a %= mod;
  assert(b >= 0);
  for (; b; b >>= 1) {
    if (b & 1)
      res = res * a % mod;
    a = a * a % mod;
  }
  return res % mod;
}
ll gcd(ll a, ll b) { return b ? gcd(b, a % b) : a; }
ll lcm(ll a, ll b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; }
const std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> moves{{0, -1}, {-1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 0}};
inline int bitCount(int x) { return __builtin_popcount(x); } // 1001 -> 2
inline int bitCount(ll x) { return __builtin_popcountll(x); }
inline int highestOneBit(int x) {
  return 1 << (31 - __builtin_clz(x | 1));
} // 1001 -> 8
inline int binaryDigits(int x) {
  return 32 - __builtin_clz(x | 1);
} // 1001 -> 4
// head
template <typename A> string to_string(A *ptr) {
  stringstream ss;
  ss << "0x" << std::setw(16) << std::setfill('0') << std::hex
     << (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)ptr;
  return ss.str();
}
template <typename A, typename B> string to_string(pair<A, B> p);
template <typename A, typename B, typename C>
string to_string(tuple<A, B, C> p);
template <typename A, typename B, typename C, typename D>
string to_string(tuple<A, B, C, D> p);
string to_string(const string &s) { return '"' + s + '"'; }
string to_string(const char *s) { return to_string((string)s); }
string to_string(bool b) { return (b ? "true" : "false"); }
string to_string(vector<bool> v) {
  bool first = true;
  string res = "{";
  for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(v.size()); i++) {
    if (!first) {
      res += ", ";
    }
    first = false;
    res += to_string(v[i]);
  }
  res += "}";
  return res;
}
template <size_t N> string to_string(bitset<N> v) {
  string res = "";
  for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++) {
    res += static_cast<char>('0' + v[i]);
  }
  return res;
}
template <typename A> string to_string(A v) {
  bool first = true;
  string res = "{";
  for (const auto &x : v) {
    if (!first) {
      res += ", ";
    }
    first = false;
    res += to_string(x);
  }
  res += "}";
  return res;
}
template <typename A, typename B> string to_string(pair<A, B> p) {
  return "(" + to_string(p.first) + ", " + to_string(p.second) + ")";
}
template <typename A, typename B, typename C>
string to_string(tuple<A, B, C> p) {
  return "(" + to_string(get<0>(p)) + ", " + to_string(get<1>(p)) + ", " +
         to_string(get<2>(p)) + ")";
}
template <typename A, typename B, typename C, typename D>
string to_string(tuple<A, B, C, D> p) {
  return "(" + to_string(get<0>(p)) + ", " + to_string(get<1>(p)) + ", " +
         to_string(get<2>(p)) + ", " + to_string(get<3>(p)) + ")";
}
void debug_out() { cerr << endl; }
template <typename Head, typename... Tail> void debug_out(Head H, Tail... T) {
  cerr << " " << to_string(H);
  debug_out(T...);
}
#if !ONLINE_JUDGE && 1
#define dbg(...) cerr << "[" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]:", debug_out(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define dbg(...) 42
#endif
// Debug

int main() {
  ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
  cin.tie(0);
  cout.tie(0);
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  VI h(n);
  rep(i, 0, n) cin >> h[i];
  multiset<int> s;
  ll cnt = 0;
  rep(j, 0, n) {
    cnt += s.count(h[j] - j);
    s.insert(-h[j] - j);
  }
  cout << cnt << endl;
}