Problem p02648 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Time Limit Exceeded

#define _USE_MATH_DEFIMES
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <climits>
#include <clocale>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <deque>
#include <fstream>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <regex>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

const int MOD = 1'000'000'007;
const int INF = 1'000'000'000; // 1e9
const int NIL = -1;
const long long LINF = 1'000'000'000'000'000'000; // 1e18
const long double EPS = 1E-10;

template <class T, class S> inline bool chmax(T &a, const S &b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
template <class T, class S> inline bool chmin(T &a, const S &b) {
  if (b < a) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

inline int grayCode(int i) { return i ^ (i >> 1); }

inline int invGrayCode(int j) {
  for (int k(0); k < 5; ++k) { // 2pow(5) = 32
    j = j ^ (j >> (1 << k));
  }
  return j;
}

std::unordered_map<int, int> twoPow{
    {1, 0},      {2, 1},      {4, 2},       {8, 3},       {16, 4},
    {32, 5},     {64, 6},     {128, 7},     {256, 8},     {512, 9},
    {1024, 10},  {2048, 11},  {4096, 12},   {8192, 13},   {16384, 14},
    {32768, 15}, {65536, 16}, {131072, 17}, {262144, 18}, {524288, 19}};

int main() {
  std::ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
  std::cin.tie(nullptr);
  int N;
  std::cin >> N;
  std::vector<int> V(N + 1), W(N + 1);
  for (int i(1); i <= N; ++i)
    std::cin >> V[i] >> W[i];
  int n(0);
  for (; n <= 18; ++n) {
    if ((1 << n) > N)
      break;
  }
  int Q, mxL;
  std::cin >> Q;
  std::vector<int> v(Q), L(Q);
  for (int i(0); i < Q; ++i) {
    std::cin >> v[i] >> L[i];
    chmax(mxL, L[i]);
  }
  int n2(n / 2);
  std::vector<std::vector<int>> dp((1 << n2), std::vector<int>(mxL + 1, 0));
  for (int i(1), i_len(1 << n2); i < i_len; ++i) {
    for (int j(1); j <= mxL; ++j) {
      dp[i][j] = dp[i / 2][j];
      if (j >= W[i])
        chmax(dp[i][j], dp[i / 2][j - W[i]] + V[i]);
    }
  }
  for (int qq(0); qq < Q; ++qq) {
    if (v[qq] < (1 << n2)) {
      std::cout << dp[v[qq]][L[qq]] << "\\n";
      continue;
    }
    std::vector<int> ww, vv;
    int vx(v[qq]);
    while (vx >= (1 << n2)) {
      ww.push_back(W[vx]);
      vv.push_back(V[vx]);
      vx >>= 1;
    }
    int n1(ww.size());
    int sw(0), sv(0);
    int prvj(0);
    // i = 0 の時の処理
    int ans(0);
    if (sw <= L[qq]) {
      ans = dp[vx][L[qq]];
    }
    for (int i(1), i_len(1 << n1); i < i_len; ++i) {
      int j(i ^ (i >> 1));
      int changebit(j ^ prvj);
      int changeNum(twoPow[changebit]);
      if (j & changebit) { // changeBit が立った
        sw += ww[changeNum];
        sv += vv[changeNum];
      } else { // changeBit がなくなった
        sw -= ww[changeNum];
        sv -= vv[changeNum];
      }
      // 何か処理
      if (sw <= L[qq]) {
        chmax(ans, dp[vx][L[qq] - sw] + sv);
      }
      prvj = j;
    }
    std::cout << ans << "\\n";
  }
  return 0;
}


Error: TLE

Fixed submission:

#define _USE_MATH_DEFIMES
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <climits>
#include <clocale>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <deque>
#include <fstream>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <regex>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

const int MOD = 1'000'000'007;
const int INF = 1'000'000'000; // 1e9
const int NIL = -1;
const long long LINF = 1'000'000'000'000'000'000; // 1e18
const long double EPS = 1E-10;

template <class T, class S> inline bool chmax(T &a, const S &b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
template <class T, class S> inline bool chmin(T &a, const S &b) {
  if (b < a) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

inline int grayCode(int i) { return i ^ (i >> 1); }

inline int invGrayCode(int j) {
  for (int k(0); k < 5; ++k) { // 2pow(5) = 32
    j = j ^ (j >> (1 << k));
  }
  return j;
}

std::unordered_map<int, int> twoPow{
    {1, 0},      {2, 1},      {4, 2},       {8, 3},       {16, 4},
    {32, 5},     {64, 6},     {128, 7},     {256, 8},     {512, 9},
    {1024, 10},  {2048, 11},  {4096, 12},   {8192, 13},   {16384, 14},
    {32768, 15}, {65536, 16}, {131072, 17}, {262144, 18}, {524288, 19}};

int main() {
  std::ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
  std::cin.tie(nullptr);
  int N;
  std::cin >> N;
  std::vector<int> V(N + 1), W(N + 1);
  for (int i(1); i <= N; ++i)
    std::cin >> V[i] >> W[i];
  int n(0);
  for (; n <= 18; ++n) {
    if ((1 << n) > N)
      break;
  }
  int Q, mxL;
  std::cin >> Q;
  std::vector<int> v(Q), L(Q);
  for (int i(0); i < Q; ++i) {
    std::cin >> v[i] >> L[i];
    chmax(mxL, L[i]);
  }
  int n2(n / 2);
  std::vector<std::vector<long long>> dp((1 << n2),
                                         std::vector<long long>(mxL + 1, 0));
  for (int i(1), i_len(1 << n2); i < i_len; ++i) {
    for (int j(1); j <= mxL; ++j) {
      dp[i][j] = dp[i / 2][j];
      if (j >= W[i])
        chmax(dp[i][j], dp[i / 2][j - W[i]] + V[i]);
    }
  }
  for (int qq(0); qq < Q; ++qq) {
    if (v[qq] < (1 << n2)) {
      std::cout << dp[v[qq]][L[qq]] << "\\n";
      continue;
    }
    std::vector<int> ww, vv;
    int vx(v[qq]);
    while (vx >= (1 << n2)) {
      ww.push_back(W[vx]);
      vv.push_back(V[vx]);
      vx >>= 1;
    }
    int n1(ww.size());
    int sw(0), sv(0);
    int prvj(0);
    // i = 0 の時の処理
    int ans(0);
    if (sw <= L[qq]) {
      ans = dp[vx][L[qq]];
    }
    for (int i(1), i_len(1 << n1); i < i_len; ++i) {
      int j(i ^ (i >> 1));
      int changebit(j ^ prvj);
      int changeNum(twoPow[changebit]);
      if (j & changebit) { // changeBit が立った
        sw += ww[changeNum];
        sv += vv[changeNum];
      } else { // changeBit がなくなった
        sw -= ww[changeNum];
        sv -= vv[changeNum];
      }
      // 何か処理
      if (sw <= L[qq]) {
        chmax(ans, dp[vx][L[qq] - sw] + sv);
      }
      prvj = j;
    }
    std::cout << ans << "\\n";
  }
  return 0;
}