Problem p02707 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Time Limit Exceeded

#ifdef __GNUC__
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#else
#ifndef _GLIBCXX_NO_ASSERT
#include <cassert>
#endif
#include <cctype>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cfloat>
#include <ciso646>
#include <climits>
#include <clocale>
#include <cmath>
#include <csetjmp>
#include <csignal>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
#include <ccomplex>
#include <cfenv>
#include <cinttypes>
#include <cstdbool>
#include <cstdint>
#include <ctgmath>
#include <cwchar>
#include <cwctype>
#endif

// C++
#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <complex>
#include <deque>
#include <exception>
#include <fstream>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ios>
#include <iosfwd>
#include <iostream>
#include <istream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <locale>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <new>
#include <numeric>
#include <ostream>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <streambuf>
#include <string>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <valarray>
#include <vector>

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
#include <array>
#include <atomic>
#include <chrono>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <forward_list>
#include <future>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <mutex>
#include <random>
#include <ratio>
#include <regex>
#include <scoped_allocator>
#include <system_error>
#include <thread>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <typeindex>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#endif
#endif
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;

#define REPI(i, a, n) for (ll(i) = (a); (i) < (n); (i++))
#define REP(i, n) REPI(i, 0, n)
#define REP1(i, n) for (ll(i) = 1; (i) <= (n); (i++))
#define ALL(x) x.begin(), x.end()
#define MAX(x) *max_element(ALL(x))
#define MIN(x) *min_element(ALL(x))

struct ProconInit {
  static constexpr int IOS_PREC = 15;
  static constexpr bool AUTOFLUSH = false;

  ProconInit() {
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cout << fixed << setprecision(IOS_PREC);
    if (AUTOFLUSH)
      cout << unitbuf;
  }
} PROCON_INIT;

int vector_finder(std::vector<int> vec, int number) {
  auto itr = std::find(vec.begin(), vec.end(), number);
  size_t index = std::distance(vec.begin(), itr);
  if (index != vec.size()) { // 発見できたとき
    return 1;
  } else { // 発見できなかったとき
    return 0;
  }
}
ll gcd(ll a, ll b) {
  if (a < b)
    swap(a, b);
  if (a % b == 0)
    return b;
  return gcd(a % b, b);
}
ll lcm(ll a, ll b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; }
ll fact(ll n) {
  ll m;
  if (n == 0) {
    return 1;
  }
  m = fact(n - 1);
  return n * m;
}

ll Combination(unsigned long long n, unsigned long long r) {
  if (r * 2 > n)
    r = n - r;
  uintmax_t dividend = 1;
  uintmax_t divisor = 1;
  for (unsigned int i = 1; i <= r; ++i) {
    dividend *= (n - i + 1);
    divisor *= i;
  }
  return dividend / divisor;
}

struct vec {
  ll x, y;

  bool operator==(const vec &v) const { return x == v.x && y == v.y; }
};

namespace std {
template <> class hash<vec> {
public:
  size_t operator()(const vec &p) const { return p.x % SIZE_MAX; }
};
} // namespace std

int main() {
  ll N;
  cin >> N;
  vector<ll> A(N);
  REPI(i, 1, N) {
    static ll c = 0;
    cin >> c;
    A[c - 1]++;
  }
  REP(i, N) { cout << A[i] << endl; }
  return 0;
}

Error: TLE

Fixed submission:

#ifdef __GNUC__
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#else
// C++ includes used for precompiling -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 2003-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

/** @file stdc++.h
 *  This is an implementation file for a precompiled header.
 */

// 17.4.1.2 Headers

// C
#ifndef _GLIBCXX_NO_ASSERT
#include <cassert>
#endif
#include <cctype>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cfloat>
#include <ciso646>
#include <climits>
#include <clocale>
#include <cmath>
#include <csetjmp>
#include <csignal>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
#include <ccomplex>
#include <cfenv>
#include <cinttypes>
#include <cstdbool>
#include <cstdint>
#include <ctgmath>
#include <cwchar>
#include <cwctype>
#endif

// C++
#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <complex>
#include <deque>
#include <exception>
#include <fstream>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ios>
#include <iosfwd>
#include <iostream>
#include <istream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <locale>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <new>
#include <numeric>
#include <ostream>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <streambuf>
#include <string>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <valarray>
#include <vector>

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
#include <array>
#include <atomic>
#include <chrono>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <forward_list>
#include <future>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <mutex>
#include <random>
#include <ratio>
#include <regex>
#include <scoped_allocator>
#include <system_error>
#include <thread>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <typeindex>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#endif
#endif
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;

#define REPI(i, a, n) for (ll(i) = (a); (i) < (n); (i++))
#define REP(i, n) REPI(i, 0, n)
#define REP1(i, n) for (ll(i) = 1; (i) <= (n); (i++))
#define ALL(x) x.begin(), x.end()
#define MAX(x) *max_element(ALL(x))
#define MIN(x) *min_element(ALL(x))

struct ProconInit {
  static constexpr int IOS_PREC = 15;
  static constexpr bool AUTOFLUSH = false;

  ProconInit() {
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cout << fixed << setprecision(IOS_PREC);
    if (AUTOFLUSH)
      cout << unitbuf;
  }
} PROCON_INIT;

int vector_finder(std::vector<int> vec, int number) {
  auto itr = std::find(vec.begin(), vec.end(), number);
  size_t index = std::distance(vec.begin(), itr);
  if (index != vec.size()) { // 発見できたとき
    return 1;
  } else { // 発見できなかったとき
    return 0;
  }
}
ll gcd(ll a, ll b) {
  if (a < b)
    swap(a, b);
  if (a % b == 0)
    return b;
  return gcd(a % b, b);
}
ll lcm(ll a, ll b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; }
ll fact(ll n) {
  ll m;
  if (n == 0) {
    return 1;
  }
  m = fact(n - 1);
  return n * m;
}

ll Combination(unsigned long long n, unsigned long long r) {
  if (r * 2 > n)
    r = n - r;
  uintmax_t dividend = 1;
  uintmax_t divisor = 1;
  for (unsigned int i = 1; i <= r; ++i) {
    dividend *= (n - i + 1);
    divisor *= i;
  }
  return dividend / divisor;
}

struct vec {
  ll x, y;

  bool operator==(const vec &v) const { return x == v.x && y == v.y; }
};

namespace std {
template <> class hash<vec> {
public:
  size_t operator()(const vec &p) const { return p.x % SIZE_MAX; }
};
} // namespace std

int main() {
  ll N;
  cin >> N;
  vector<ll> A(N);
  REPI(i, 1, N) { cin >> A[i]; }
  REP(i, N) { cout << count(ALL(A), i + 1) << endl; }
  return 0;
}