Problem p02346 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Runtime Error

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// ?????¢
// XCode??§???EOF??\\??????Ctrl+D
// ?\\???Alt+\\
// ans???????§?INT?????????2,147,483,647????¶????????????¨??????????????§long
// long?????£???????????????????????????
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

////////////////////////////////////////
// RSQ (Range Sum Query)
//?¨?????§£??????Binary Indexed
//Tree??§??????????????????????????°???????????¨(?????¨????????¨)??§?????£?????????
////////////////////////////////////////

// #define debug
// //*******************************************************************************************************************************************
#ifdef debug
#include <chrono>
#endif

#include <algorithm> // next_permutation
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring> //memcpy
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <numeric> //accumulate
#include <queue>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
// #include <map>
// #include <unordered_map> //hash func.
#include <fstream>  //ifstream, ofstream
#include <iterator> //insert_iterator::inserter

// #define NDEBUG //If NDEBUG is defined before #include <cassert>, assert will
// be ignored. You had better define NDEBUG when u submit the code.
#include <cassert> //assert

using namespace std;

#define dout cout
// If u wanna output to a text file instead of standard output, plz define
// OUTPUTFILE. #define OUTPUTFILE "output.txt"
// //*******************************************************************************************************************************************
#ifdef OUTPUTFILE
#define dout outputfile
ofstream outputfile(OUTPUTFILE);
#define OutputFilePath                                                         \\
  "/Users/Nag/Documents/Prgm/Test/DerivedData/Test/Build/Products/Debug/"      \\
  "output.txt"
#endif

#define din cin
// If u wanna input from a text file instead of standard input, plz define
// INPUTFROMTEXTFILE???. #define INPUTFILE "input.txt"
// //*******************************************************************************************************************************************
#ifdef INPUTFILE
#define din inputfile
ifstream inputfile(INPUTFILE);
#endif

#define scand(A) scanf("%d", &(A))
#define scans(A) scanf("%s", (A))
#define disp(A) dout << #A << " = " << setw(3) << (A) << endl
#define disP(A) dout << setw(3) << (A) << " "
#define rep(i, a, n) for (int(i) = (a); (i) < (n); (i)++)
#define dispAll(A, n)                                                          \\
  dout << #A << " = ";                                                         \\
  rep(j, 0, (n)) { disP(A[j]); }                                               \\
  dout << endl
// #define dispAll(A,n) cout << #A << " = "; rep(j, 0, (n)) {cout << setw(3) <<
// A[j] << " ";} cout << endl

#define sign(x) ((x) > 0) - ((x) < 0) // x<0: -1, x=0: 0, x>0: +1
#define p(i) ((i) / 2)
#define l(i) ((i)*2)
#define r(i) ((i)*2 + 1)
#define sibling(i) (i ^ 1) // the other sibling of i (ex. 16^1 = 17, 17^1 = 16)
#define isRightChild(i) (i & 1)   // ex. 16&1 = 0, 17&1 = 1
#define isLeftChild(i) (!(i & 1)) // ex. 16&1 = 1, 17&1 = 0

int dx[] = {
    1, -1, 0, 0, 1,
    1, -1, -1}; //???????????????????????????????¨??????????????????????????????????
int dy[] = {0, 0, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1};

typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long ull;

const int INF = (1 << 31) - 1;
const ll INF_LL = (ll)9e18 - 1LL; // Be careful for overflow.
const ull INF_ULL = (ull)1e19 - 1ULL;
const int NONE = -1;
const ll MOD =
    (ll)1e9 + 7; //??§???????´???°?????£??¨??¨????????°????????????10???7??????

const int N_MAX = (1 << 18); // num of vertex or element
const int M_MAX = 100010;    // num of edge
const int DATA_MAX = 1010;

int N;
int a[N_MAX];

void init() { fill(a, a + N_MAX, 0); }

int rsq(int x, int y) {

#ifdef debug
  dout << "------ rsq( " << x << ", " << y << ")\\n";
#endif

  assert(x <= y);
  assert(y <= N);

  int sum = 0;

  for (x += (N - 1), y += (N - 1); x <= y; x = p(x + 1), y = p(y - 1)) {
    if (isRightChild(x))
      sum += a[x];
    if (isLeftChild(y))
      sum += a[y];
  }

  return sum;
}

void add(int i, int x) {
#ifdef debug
  dout << "------ add( i=" << i << ", x=" << x << ")\\n";
#endif

  for (i += (N - 1), a[i] += x; i > 1; i = p(i))
    a[p(i)] += x;
}

void display() {
#ifdef debug
  dout << "---------------------\\n";
  dout << "i = ";
  rep(i, 0, 2 * N) { disP(i); }
  dout << endl;
  dout << "a = ";
  rep(i, 0, 2 * N) { disP(a[i] == INF ? 999 : a[i]); }
  dout << endl;
  dout << "---------------------\\n";
  dout << endl;
#endif
}

int main() {

  // cin, cout????????????
  // ?????¨??????cin?????????????????¨??¨cin??§???scanf?????????????????¨??¨scanf??§??±?????????????????????
  cin.tie(0);                  // cin??¨cout??????????????????
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false); // iostream??¨stdio??????????????????

  // read input data
  scand(N);
  int Q;
  scand(Q);

  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef debug
  // start timer
  auto startTime = chrono::system_clock::now();
#endif
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  init();
  display();

  int command, x, y;
  rep(i, 0, Q) {
    scanf("%d%d%d", &command, &x, &y);

    if (command) {
      printf("%d\\n", rsq(x, y));
    } else {
      add(x, y);
    }
    display();
  }

  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef debug
  // stop timer
  auto endTime = chrono::system_clock::now();
  auto dur = endTime - startTime;
  auto msec = chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(dur).count();
  dout << fixed << setprecision(4) << (double)msec / 1000 << " sec \\n";
#endif
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#ifdef INPUTFILE
  inputfile.close();
#endif

#ifdef OUTPUTFILE
  outputfile.close();
  cout << "\\"" << OutputFilePath << "\\"" << endl;
#endif

  return 0;
}

Error: 0

Fixed submission:

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// ?????¢
// XCode??§???EOF??\\??????Ctrl+D
// ?\\???Alt+\\
// ans???????§?INT?????????2,147,483,647????¶????????????¨??????????????§long
// long?????£???????????????????????????
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

////////////////////////////////////////
// RSQ (Range Sum Query)
//?¨?????§£??????Binary Indexed
//Tree??§??????????????????????????°???????????¨(?????¨????????¨)??§?????£?????????
////////////////////////////////////////

// #define debug
// //*******************************************************************************************************************************************
#ifdef debug
#include <chrono>
#endif

#include <algorithm> // next_permutation
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring> //memcpy
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <numeric> //accumulate
#include <queue>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
// #include <map>
// #include <unordered_map> //hash func.
#include <fstream>  //ifstream, ofstream
#include <iterator> //insert_iterator::inserter

// #define NDEBUG //If NDEBUG is defined before #include <cassert>, assert will
// be ignored. You had better define NDEBUG when u submit the code.
#include <cassert> //assert

using namespace std;

#define dout cout
// If u wanna output to a text file instead of standard output, plz define
// OUTPUTFILE. #define OUTPUTFILE "output.txt"
// //*******************************************************************************************************************************************
#ifdef OUTPUTFILE
#define dout outputfile
ofstream outputfile(OUTPUTFILE);
#define OutputFilePath                                                         \\
  "/Users/Nag/Documents/Prgm/Test/DerivedData/Test/Build/Products/Debug/"      \\
  "output.txt"
#endif

#define din cin
// If u wanna input from a text file instead of standard input, plz define
// INPUTFROMTEXTFILE???. #define INPUTFILE "input.txt"
// //*******************************************************************************************************************************************
#ifdef INPUTFILE
#define din inputfile
ifstream inputfile(INPUTFILE);
#endif

#define scand(A) scanf("%d", &(A))
#define scans(A) scanf("%s", (A))
#define disp(A) dout << #A << " = " << setw(3) << (A) << endl
#define disP(A) dout << setw(3) << (A) << " "
#define rep(i, a, n) for (int(i) = (a); (i) < (n); (i)++)
#define dispAll(A, n)                                                          \\
  dout << #A << " = ";                                                         \\
  rep(j, 0, (n)) { disP(A[j]); }                                               \\
  dout << endl
// #define dispAll(A,n) cout << #A << " = "; rep(j, 0, (n)) {cout << setw(3) <<
// A[j] << " ";} cout << endl

#define sign(x) ((x) > 0) - ((x) < 0) // x<0: -1, x=0: 0, x>0: +1
#define p(i) ((i) / 2)
#define l(i) ((i)*2)
#define r(i) ((i)*2 + 1)
#define sibling(i) (i ^ 1) // the other sibling of i (ex. 16^1 = 17, 17^1 = 16)
#define isRightChild(i) (i & 1)   // ex. 16&1 = 0, 17&1 = 1
#define isLeftChild(i) (!(i & 1)) // ex. 16&1 = 1, 17&1 = 0

int dx[] = {
    1, -1, 0, 0, 1,
    1, -1, -1}; //???????????????????????????????¨??????????????????????????????????
int dy[] = {0, 0, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1};

typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long ull;

const int INF = (1 << 31) - 1;
const ll INF_LL = (ll)9e18 - 1LL; // Be careful for overflow.
const ull INF_ULL = (ull)1e19 - 1ULL;
const int NONE = -1;
const ll MOD =
    (ll)1e9 + 7; //??§???????´???°?????£??¨??¨????????°????????????10???7??????

const int N_MAX = (1 << 18); // num of vertex or element
const int M_MAX = 100010;    // num of edge
const int DATA_MAX = 1010;

int N;
int a[N_MAX];

void init() { fill(a, a + N_MAX, 0); }

int rsq(int x, int y) {

#ifdef debug
  dout << "------ rsq( " << x << ", " << y << ")\\n";
#endif

  assert(x <= y);
  assert(y < N);

  int sum = 0;

  for (x += N, y += N; x <= y; x = p(x + 1), y = p(y - 1)) {
    if (isRightChild(x))
      sum += a[x];
    if (isLeftChild(y))
      sum += a[y];
  }

  return sum;
}

void update(int i, int x) {
#ifdef debug
  dout << "------ update( i=" << i << ", x=" << x << ")\\n";
#endif

  for (i += N, a[i] = x; i > 1; i = p(i))
    a[p(i)] = a[i] + a[sibling(i)];
}

void display() {
#ifdef debug
  dout << "---------------------\\n";
  dout << "i = ";
  rep(i, 0, 2 * N) { disP(i); }
  dout << endl;
  dout << "a = ";
  rep(i, 0, 2 * N) { disP(a[i] == INF ? 999 : a[i]); }
  dout << endl;
  dout << "---------------------\\n";
  dout << endl;
#endif
}

int main() {

  // cin, cout????????????
  // ?????¨??????cin?????????????????¨??¨cin??§???scanf?????????????????¨??¨scanf??§??±?????????????????????
  cin.tie(0);                  // cin??¨cout??????????????????
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false); // iostream??¨stdio??????????????????

  // read input data
  scand(N);
  int Q;
  scand(Q);

  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef debug
  // start timer
  auto startTime = chrono::system_clock::now();
#endif
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  init();
  display();

  int command, x, y;
  rep(i, 0, Q) {
    scanf("%d%d%d", &command, &x, &y);

    if (command) {
      printf("%d\\n", rsq(x, y));
    } else {
      update(x, y);
    }
    display();
  }

  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef debug
  // stop timer
  auto endTime = chrono::system_clock::now();
  auto dur = endTime - startTime;
  auto msec = chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(dur).count();
  dout << fixed << setprecision(4) << (double)msec / 1000 << " sec \\n";
#endif
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#ifdef INPUTFILE
  inputfile.close();
#endif

#ifdef OUTPUTFILE
  outputfile.close();
  cout << "\\"" << OutputFilePath << "\\"" << endl;
#endif

  return 0;
}