Problem p01437 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Time Limit Exceeded

#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#define all(c) (c).begin(), (c).end()
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); i++)
#define pb(e) push_back(e)
#define mp(a, b) make_pair(a, b)
#define fr first
#define sc second

const int INF = 100000000;
int dx[4] = {1, 0, -1, 0};
int dy[4] = {0, 1, 0, -1};
using namespace std;
typedef pair<int, int> P;
typedef long long ll;

template <class T> bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (b < a) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

ll H, W, L;
string maze[110];
struct State {
  int dir, y, x;
  ll cnt;
  State(int dir, int y, int x, ll cnt) : dir(dir), y(y), x(x), cnt(cnt) {}
};

void solve(P &ans_p, int &ans_dir) {
  queue<State> que;
  map<char, int> dir;
  dir['E'] = 0;
  dir['S'] = 1;
  dir['W'] = 2;
  dir['N'] = 3;
  ll d[4][110][110];
  rep(y, 110) rep(x, 110) d[0][y][x] = d[1][y][x] = d[2][y][x] = d[3][y][x] =
      INF;
  rep(y, H) rep(x, W) if (maze[y][x] != '.' && maze[y][x] != '#') {
    d[dir[maze[y][x]]][y][x] = 0;
    que.push(State(dir[maze[y][x]], y, x, 0));
  }

  while (que.size()) {
    State s = que.front();
    que.pop();
    // printf("%d %d %d : %d\\n",s.dir,s.y,s.x,s.cnt);
    if (L == s.cnt) {
      ans_p = P(s.y, s.x);
      ans_dir = s.dir;
      return;
    }
    if (d[s.dir][s.y][s.x] != s.cnt) {
      // printf("%d %d %d : %d %d\\n",s.dir,s.y,s.x,s.cnt,d[s.dir][s.y][s.x]);
      ll diff = abs(s.cnt - d[s.dir][s.y][s.x]);
      ll t = (L - s.cnt) / diff;
      if (t > 0 && diff > 0) {
        s.cnt += (t - 1) * diff;
      }
      // printf("\\t%d\\n",s.cnt);
    }
    int ny = s.y + dy[s.dir];
    int nx = s.x + dx[s.dir];
    if (!(0 <= ny && ny < H && 0 <= nx && nx < W)) {
      que.push(State((s.dir + 1) % 4, s.y, s.x, s.cnt));
      chmin(d[(s.dir + 1) % 4][s.y][s.x], s.cnt);
    } else {
      if (maze[ny][nx] == '#') {
        que.push(State((s.dir + 1) % 4, s.y, s.x, s.cnt));
        chmin(d[(s.dir + 1) % 4][s.y][s.x], s.cnt);
      } else {
        que.push(State(s.dir, ny, nx, s.cnt + 1));
        chmin(d[s.dir][ny][nx], s.cnt + 1);
      }
    }
  }
}

int main() {
  while (cin >> H >> W >> L) {
    if (H == 0)
      break;
    rep(y, H) cin >> maze[y];
    P ans;
    int dir = -1;
    solve(ans, dir);
    if (dir == -1)
      int a = 1 / 0;
    char d;
    if (dir == 0)
      d = 'E';
    if (dir == 1)
      d = 'S';
    if (dir == 2)
      d = 'W';
    if (dir == 3)
      d = 'N';
    printf("%d %d %c\\n", ans.fr + 1, ans.sc + 1, d);
  }
  return 0;
}

Error: TLE

Fixed submission:

#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#define all(c) (c).begin(), (c).end()
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); i++)
#define pb(e) push_back(e)
#define mp(a, b) make_pair(a, b)
#define fr first
#define sc second

const int INF = 100000000;
int dx[4] = {1, 0, -1, 0};
int dy[4] = {0, 1, 0, -1};
using namespace std;
typedef pair<int, int> P;
typedef long long ll;

template <class T> bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (b < a) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

ll H, W, L;
string maze[110];
struct State {
  int dir, y, x;
  ll cnt;
  State(int dir, int y, int x, ll cnt) : dir(dir), y(y), x(x), cnt(cnt) {}
};

void solve(P &ans_p, int &ans_dir) {
  queue<State> que;
  map<char, int> dir;
  dir['E'] = 0;
  dir['S'] = 1;
  dir['W'] = 2;
  dir['N'] = 3;
  ll d[4][110][110];
  rep(y, 110) rep(x, 110) d[0][y][x] = d[1][y][x] = d[2][y][x] = d[3][y][x] =
      INF;
  rep(y, H) rep(x, W) if (maze[y][x] != '.' && maze[y][x] != '#') {
    d[dir[maze[y][x]]][y][x] = 0;
    que.push(State(dir[maze[y][x]], y, x, 0));
  }

  while (que.size()) {
    State s = que.front();
    que.pop();
    // printf("%d %d %d : %d\\n",s.dir,s.y,s.x,s.cnt);
    if (L == s.cnt) {
      ans_p = P(s.y, s.x);
      ans_dir = s.dir;
      return;
    }
    if (d[s.dir][s.y][s.x] != s.cnt) {
      // printf("%d %d %d : %d %d\\n",s.dir,s.y,s.x,s.cnt,d[s.dir][s.y][s.x]);
      int diff = abs(s.cnt - d[s.dir][s.y][s.x]);
      int t = (L - s.cnt) / diff;
      if (t > 0 && diff > 0) {
        s.cnt += (t - 1) * diff;
      }
      // printf("\\t%d\\n",s.cnt);
    }
    int ny = s.y + dy[s.dir];
    int nx = s.x + dx[s.dir];
    if (!(0 <= ny && ny < H && 0 <= nx && nx < W)) {
      que.push(State((s.dir + 1) % 4, s.y, s.x, s.cnt));
      chmin(d[(s.dir + 1) % 4][s.y][s.x], s.cnt);
    } else {
      if (maze[ny][nx] == '#') {
        que.push(State((s.dir + 1) % 4, s.y, s.x, s.cnt));
        chmin(d[(s.dir + 1) % 4][s.y][s.x], s.cnt);
      } else {
        que.push(State(s.dir, ny, nx, s.cnt + 1));
        chmin(d[s.dir][ny][nx], s.cnt + 1);
      }
    }
  }
}

int main() {
  while (cin >> H >> W >> L) {
    if (H == 0)
      break;
    rep(y, H) cin >> maze[y];
    P ans;
    int dir = -1;
    solve(ans, dir);
    if (dir == -1)
      int a = 1 / 0;
    char d;
    if (dir == 0)
      d = 'E';
    if (dir == 1)
      d = 'S';
    if (dir == 2)
      d = 'W';
    if (dir == 3)
      d = 'N';
    printf("%d %d %c\\n", ans.fr + 1, ans.sc + 1, d);
  }
  return 0;
}