Problem p02716 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Time Limit Exceeded

#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <ctime>

using LL = long long;
using ULL = unsigned long long;
#ifdef __linux__
using LLL = __int128;
using ULLL = unsigned __int128;
#else
using LLL = long long;
using ULLL = unsigned long long;
#endif

namespace std {
void swap(int &x, int &y) { x ^= y ^= x ^= y; }
void swap(LL &x, LL &y) { x ^= y ^= x ^= y; }
}; // namespace std

#ifdef LX_LOCAL
class Time {
public:
  clock_t begin;
  long duration;
  static clock_t currentTime() { return clock(); }
  Time() {
    begin = currentTime();
    duration = 0;
  }
  ~Time() {
    auto end = currentTime();
    auto d = end - begin;
    duration += d;
    double t = duration / 1000.0;
    if (t >= 60000)
      fprintf(stderr, "Time used = %.2lfmin\\n", t / 60000.0);
    else if (t >= 1000)
      fprintf(stderr, "Time used = %.2lfs\\n", t / 1000.0);
    else
      fprintf(stderr, "Time used = %.0lfms\\n", t);
  }
} timeout;
#endif

using std::swap;
#if __cplusplus >= 201402L
template <typename T, typename P> auto max(const T &x, const P &y) {
  return x < y ? y : x;
}
template <typename T, typename P> auto min(const T &x, const P &y) {
  return x < y ? x : y;
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
auto max(const T &x, const Args &...args) {
  return max(x, max(args...));
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
auto min(const T &x, const Args &...args) {
  return min(x, min(args...));
}
#else
template <typename T, typename P>
auto max(const T &x, const P &y) -> decltype(x < y ? y : x) {
  return x < y ? y : x;
}
template <typename T, typename P>
auto min(const T &x, const P &y) -> decltype(x < y ? x : y) {
  return x < y ? x : y;
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
auto max(const T &x, const Args &...args) -> decltype(max(x, max(args...))) {
  return max(x, max(args...));
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
auto min(const T &x, const Args &...args) -> decltype(min(x, min(args...))) {
  return min(x, min(args...));
}
#endif
template <typename T> T max(const T &x) { return x; }
template <typename T> T min(const T &x) { return x; }

#define lc (o << 1)
#define rc (o << 1 | 1)
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & (-(x)))

class IO {
#define MY_DEBUG 0
#if !MY_DEBUG
  static const int MAXSIZE = 1 << 20;
  char buf[MAXSIZE], *p1, *p2;
  char pbuf[MAXSIZE], *pp;
#endif
  long double eps = 1e-8L;
  LLL pow10 = 1000000;
  int precision;
  FILE *infile, *outfile;

public:
  IO(FILE *in = nullptr, FILE *out = nullptr)
      : precision(6), infile(in), outfile(out) {
#if !MY_DEBUG
    p1 = p2 = buf;
    pp = pbuf;
#endif
  }
#if !MY_DEBUG
  ~IO() { fwrite(pbuf, 1, pp - pbuf, outfile); }
#endif
  inline static bool blank(char ch);
  inline void flush();
  inline void input(const char *str);
  inline void output(const char *str);
  inline void input(FILE *f);
  inline void output(FILE *f);
  inline int getch();
  template <typename T, typename... Args> bool read(T &x, Args &...args);
  inline bool read();
  template <typename T>
  typename std::enable_if<
      std::is_integral<T>::value || std::is_floating_point<T>::value ||
          std::is_same<T, LLL>::value || std::is_same<T, ULLL>::value,
      bool>::type
  read(T &x);
  bool read(char &ch);
  bool read(char *s);
  bool readline(char *s);
  inline void putch(const char c);
  inline void putback(const char c);
  inline void setprecision(int n);
  template <typename T, typename... Args>
  void write(const T &x, const Args &...args);
  inline void write();
  template <typename T>
  typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value ||
                              std::is_same<T, LLL>::value ||
                              std::is_same<T, ULLL>::value,
                          void>::type
  write(T x);
  inline void write(char c);
  template <typename T>
  typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value, void>::type
  write(T x);
  void write(bool x);
  void write(char *s);
  void write(const char *s);
  template <typename... Args> void writeln(Args... x) {
    write(x...), putch('\\n');
  }
} io(stdin, stdout), err(nullptr, stderr);
template <typename... Args> inline void writeln(Args... x) {
  io.write(x...), io.putch('\\n');
}
#define dbg(x) err.write(#x " = "), err.writeln(x)
// fast io
#include <cstring>
const int maxn = 200005;
const LL INF = -1ull / 2 - 2e9;

int A[maxn];
LL sum1[maxn], sum2[maxn];
LL d[maxn][2];
bool vis[maxn][2];
LL dp(int i, bool flag) {
  if (i <= 1)
    return -INF;
  if (vis[i][flag])
    return d[i][flag];
  vis[i][flag] = true;
  LL &ans = d[i][flag];
  if (i & 1) {
    if (i == 3 && flag)
      return ans = max(A[1], A[3]);
    if (flag) {
      return ans = max(dp(i - 2, 0), dp(i - 2, 1)) + A[i];
    }
    return ans = max(dp(i - 1, 1), dp(i - 1, 0));
  }
  if (i == 2)
    if (flag)
      return ans = A[2];
    else
      return ans = A[1];
  return ans = flag ? dp(i - 1, 0) + A[i] : sum1[i - 1];
}
int main() {
  int n;
  io.read(n);
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    io.read(A[i]);
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
    sum1[i] = sum1[i - 1];
    sum2[i] = sum2[i - 1];
    if (i & 1)
      sum1[i] += A[i];
    else
      sum2[i] += A[i];
  }
  writeln(max(dp(n, true), dp(n, false)));
  return 0;
}

#define isdigit(x) (x >= '0' && x <= '9')
inline bool IO::blank(char ch) {
  return ch == ' ' || ch == '\\n' || ch == '\\r' || ch == '\\t';
}
inline void IO::flush() {
#if MY_DEBUG
  fflush(outfile);
#else
  fwrite(pbuf, 1, pp - pbuf, outfile), pp = pbuf;
#endif
}
inline void IO::input(const char *str) {
  FILE *file = fopen(str, "rb");
  infile = file;
}
inline void IO::output(const char *str) {
  FILE *file = fopen(str, "wb");
  outfile = file;
}
inline void IO::input(FILE *f) { infile = f; }
inline void IO::output(FILE *f) { outfile = f; }
inline int IO::getch() {
#if MY_DEBUG
  return fgetc(infile);
#else
  return (p1 == p2 ? (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, MAXSIZE, infile)) : 0),
         (p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++;
#endif
}
inline void IO::putback(const char c) {
#if MY_DEBUG
  ungetc(c, infile);
#else
  *(--p1) = c;
#endif
}
template <typename T, typename... Args> bool IO::read(T &x, Args &...args) {
  return read(x) && read(args...);
}
inline bool IO::read() { return true; }
template <typename T>
typename std::enable_if<
    std::is_integral<T>::value || std::is_floating_point<T>::value ||
        std::is_same<T, LLL>::value || std::is_same<T, ULLL>::value,
    bool>::type
IO::read(T &x) {
  double tmp = 1;
  bool sign = false;
  x = 0;
  int ch = getch();
  for (; !isdigit(ch) && ~ch; ch = getch())
    if (ch == '-')
      sign = true;
  if (!(~ch))
    return false;
  for (; isdigit(ch); ch = getch())
    x = x * 10 + (ch - '0');
  if (ch == '.')
    for (ch = getch(); isdigit(ch); ch = getch())
      tmp /= 10.0, x += tmp * (ch - '0');
  if (~ch)
    putback(ch);
  if (sign)
    x = ~x + 1;
  return true;
}
bool IO::read(char &ch) {
  for (ch = getch(); blank(ch) && ~ch; ch = getch())
    ;
  return ~ch;
}
bool IO::read(char *s) {
  int ch = getch();
  while (blank(ch))
    ch = getch();
  if (!(~ch))
    return false;
  while (!blank(ch) && ~ch)
    *s++ = ch, ch = getch();
  *s = 0;
  if (~ch)
    putback(ch);
  return true;
}
bool IO::readline(char *s) {
  int ch = getch();
  while (blank(ch) && ch != '\\n')
    ch = getch();
  if (!(~ch))
    return false;
  while (ch != '\\n' && ~ch)
    *s++ = ch, ch = getch();
  *s = 0;
  if (~ch)
    putback(ch);
  return true;
}
inline void IO::putch(const char c) {
#if MY_DEBUG
  fputc(c, outfile);
#else
  ((pp - pbuf == MAXSIZE) ? fwrite(pbuf, 1, MAXSIZE, outfile), pp = pbuf : 0),
      *pp++ = c;
#endif
}
inline void IO::setprecision(int n) {
  precision = n;
  eps = powl(10.0L, -precision - 2);
  pow10 = powl(10.0L, precision) + eps;
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
void IO::write(const T &x, const Args &...args) {
  write(x);
  write(args...);
}
inline void IO::write() {}
template <typename T>
typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value ||
                            std::is_same<T, LLL>::value ||
                            std::is_same<T, ULLL>::value,
                        void>::type
IO::write(T x) {
  if (x < 0)
    x = ~x + 1, putch('-');
  static T sta[100];
  int top = 0;
  do
    sta[top++] = x % 10, x /= 10;
  while (x);
  while (top)
    putch(sta[--top] + '0');
}
void IO::write(bool x) { putch(x ^ 48); }
inline void IO::write(char c) { putch(c); }
template <typename T>
typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>::type IO::write(T x) {
  if (x == 0) {
    putch('0'), putch('.');
    for (int i = 1; i <= precision; i++)
      putch('0');
    return;
  }
  if (x < 0)
    putch('-'), x = -x;
  T res = (LLL)(x * pow10 + 0.5) / (pow10 * 1.0);
  LLL y = LLL(res * pow10 + eps) % pow10;
  write(LLL(res + eps));
  if (precision) {
    putch('.');
    static int sta[100], p = 0;
    for (; p < precision; y /= 10)
      sta[++p] = y % 10;
    for (int i = p; i >= 1; i--)
      putch(sta[i] ^ 48);
  }
}
void IO::write(char *s) {
  while (*s)
    putch(*s++);
}
void IO::write(const char *s) {
  while (*s)
    putch(*s++);
}
#undef isdigit

Error: TLE

Fixed submission:

#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <ctime>

using LL = long long;
using ULL = unsigned long long;
#ifdef __linux__
using LLL = __int128;
using ULLL = unsigned __int128;
#else
using LLL = long long;
using ULLL = unsigned long long;
#endif

namespace std {
void swap(int &x, int &y) { x ^= y ^= x ^= y; }
void swap(LL &x, LL &y) { x ^= y ^= x ^= y; }
}; // namespace std

#ifdef LX_LOCAL
class Time {
public:
  clock_t begin;
  long duration;
  static clock_t currentTime() { return clock(); }
  Time() {
    begin = currentTime();
    duration = 0;
  }
  ~Time() {
    auto end = currentTime();
    auto d = end - begin;
    duration += d;
    double t = duration / 1000.0;
    if (t >= 60000)
      fprintf(stderr, "Time used = %.2lfmin\\n", t / 60000.0);
    else if (t >= 1000)
      fprintf(stderr, "Time used = %.2lfs\\n", t / 1000.0);
    else
      fprintf(stderr, "Time used = %.0lfms\\n", t);
  }
} timeout;
#endif

using std::swap;
#if __cplusplus >= 201402L
template <typename T, typename P> auto max(const T &x, const P &y) {
  return x < y ? y : x;
}
template <typename T, typename P> auto min(const T &x, const P &y) {
  return x < y ? x : y;
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
auto max(const T &x, const Args &...args) {
  return max(x, max(args...));
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
auto min(const T &x, const Args &...args) {
  return min(x, min(args...));
}
#else
template <typename T, typename P>
auto max(const T &x, const P &y) -> decltype(x < y ? y : x) {
  return x < y ? y : x;
}
template <typename T, typename P>
auto min(const T &x, const P &y) -> decltype(x < y ? x : y) {
  return x < y ? x : y;
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
auto max(const T &x, const Args &...args) -> decltype(max(x, max(args...))) {
  return max(x, max(args...));
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
auto min(const T &x, const Args &...args) -> decltype(min(x, min(args...))) {
  return min(x, min(args...));
}
#endif
template <typename T> T max(const T &x) { return x; }
template <typename T> T min(const T &x) { return x; }

#define lc (o << 1)
#define rc (o << 1 | 1)
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & (-(x)))

class IO {
#define MY_DEBUG 0
#if !MY_DEBUG
  static const int MAXSIZE = 1 << 20;
  char buf[MAXSIZE], *p1, *p2;
  char pbuf[MAXSIZE], *pp;
#endif
  long double eps = 1e-8L;
  LLL pow10 = 1000000;
  int precision;
  FILE *infile, *outfile;

public:
  IO(FILE *in = nullptr, FILE *out = nullptr)
      : precision(6), infile(in), outfile(out) {
#if !MY_DEBUG
    p1 = p2 = buf;
    pp = pbuf;
#endif
  }
#if !MY_DEBUG
  ~IO() { fwrite(pbuf, 1, pp - pbuf, outfile); }
#endif
  inline static bool blank(char ch);
  inline void flush();
  inline void input(const char *str);
  inline void output(const char *str);
  inline void input(FILE *f);
  inline void output(FILE *f);
  inline int getch();
  template <typename T, typename... Args> bool read(T &x, Args &...args);
  inline bool read();
  template <typename T>
  typename std::enable_if<
      std::is_integral<T>::value || std::is_floating_point<T>::value ||
          std::is_same<T, LLL>::value || std::is_same<T, ULLL>::value,
      bool>::type
  read(T &x);
  bool read(char &ch);
  bool read(char *s);
  bool readline(char *s);
  inline void putch(const char c);
  inline void putback(const char c);
  inline void setprecision(int n);
  template <typename T, typename... Args>
  void write(const T &x, const Args &...args);
  inline void write();
  template <typename T>
  typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value ||
                              std::is_same<T, LLL>::value ||
                              std::is_same<T, ULLL>::value,
                          void>::type
  write(T x);
  inline void write(char c);
  template <typename T>
  typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value, void>::type
  write(T x);
  void write(bool x);
  void write(char *s);
  void write(const char *s);
  template <typename... Args> void writeln(Args... x) {
    write(x...), putch('\\n');
  }
} io(stdin, stdout), err(nullptr, stderr);
template <typename... Args> inline void writeln(Args... x) {
  io.write(x...), io.putch('\\n');
}
#define dbg(x) err.write(#x " = "), err.writeln(x)
// fast io
#include <cstring>
const int maxn = 200005;
const LL INF = -1ull / 2 - 2e9;

int A[maxn];
LL sum1[maxn], sum2[maxn];
LL d[maxn][2];
bool vis[maxn][2];
LL dp(int i, bool flag) {
  if (i <= 1)
    return -INF;
  if (vis[i][flag])
    return d[i][flag];
  LL &ans = d[i][flag];
  if (i & 1) {
    if (i == 3 && flag)
      return ans = max(A[1], A[3]);
    if (flag) {
      return ans = max(dp(i - 2, 0), dp(i - 2, 1)) + A[i];
    }
    return ans = max(dp(i - 1, 1), dp(i - 1, 0));
  }
  if (i == 2)
    if (flag)
      return ans = A[2];
    else
      return ans = A[1];
  return ans = flag ? dp(i - 1, 0) + A[i] : sum1[i - 1];
}
int main() {
  int n;
  io.read(n);
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    io.read(A[i]);
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
    sum1[i] = sum1[i - 1];
    sum2[i] = sum2[i - 1];
    if (i & 1)
      sum1[i] += A[i];
    else
      sum2[i] += A[i];
  }
  writeln(max(dp(n, true), dp(n, false)));
  return 0;
}

#define isdigit(x) (x >= '0' && x <= '9')
inline bool IO::blank(char ch) {
  return ch == ' ' || ch == '\\n' || ch == '\\r' || ch == '\\t';
}
inline void IO::flush() {
#if MY_DEBUG
  fflush(outfile);
#else
  fwrite(pbuf, 1, pp - pbuf, outfile), pp = pbuf;
#endif
}
inline void IO::input(const char *str) {
  FILE *file = fopen(str, "rb");
  infile = file;
}
inline void IO::output(const char *str) {
  FILE *file = fopen(str, "wb");
  outfile = file;
}
inline void IO::input(FILE *f) { infile = f; }
inline void IO::output(FILE *f) { outfile = f; }
inline int IO::getch() {
#if MY_DEBUG
  return fgetc(infile);
#else
  return (p1 == p2 ? (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, MAXSIZE, infile)) : 0),
         (p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++;
#endif
}
inline void IO::putback(const char c) {
#if MY_DEBUG
  ungetc(c, infile);
#else
  *(--p1) = c;
#endif
}
template <typename T, typename... Args> bool IO::read(T &x, Args &...args) {
  return read(x) && read(args...);
}
inline bool IO::read() { return true; }
template <typename T>
typename std::enable_if<
    std::is_integral<T>::value || std::is_floating_point<T>::value ||
        std::is_same<T, LLL>::value || std::is_same<T, ULLL>::value,
    bool>::type
IO::read(T &x) {
  double tmp = 1;
  bool sign = false;
  x = 0;
  int ch = getch();
  for (; !isdigit(ch) && ~ch; ch = getch())
    if (ch == '-')
      sign = true;
  if (!(~ch))
    return false;
  for (; isdigit(ch); ch = getch())
    x = x * 10 + (ch - '0');
  if (ch == '.')
    for (ch = getch(); isdigit(ch); ch = getch())
      tmp /= 10.0, x += tmp * (ch - '0');
  if (~ch)
    putback(ch);
  if (sign)
    x = ~x + 1;
  return true;
}
bool IO::read(char &ch) {
  for (ch = getch(); blank(ch) && ~ch; ch = getch())
    ;
  return ~ch;
}
bool IO::read(char *s) {
  int ch = getch();
  while (blank(ch))
    ch = getch();
  if (!(~ch))
    return false;
  while (!blank(ch) && ~ch)
    *s++ = ch, ch = getch();
  *s = 0;
  if (~ch)
    putback(ch);
  return true;
}
bool IO::readline(char *s) {
  int ch = getch();
  while (blank(ch) && ch != '\\n')
    ch = getch();
  if (!(~ch))
    return false;
  while (ch != '\\n' && ~ch)
    *s++ = ch, ch = getch();
  *s = 0;
  if (~ch)
    putback(ch);
  return true;
}
inline void IO::putch(const char c) {
#if MY_DEBUG
  fputc(c, outfile);
#else
  ((pp - pbuf == MAXSIZE) ? fwrite(pbuf, 1, MAXSIZE, outfile), pp = pbuf : 0),
      *pp++ = c;
#endif
}
inline void IO::setprecision(int n) {
  precision = n;
  eps = powl(10.0L, -precision - 2);
  pow10 = powl(10.0L, precision) + eps;
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
void IO::write(const T &x, const Args &...args) {
  write(x);
  write(args...);
}
inline void IO::write() {}
template <typename T>
typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value ||
                            std::is_same<T, LLL>::value ||
                            std::is_same<T, ULLL>::value,
                        void>::type
IO::write(T x) {
  if (x < 0)
    x = ~x + 1, putch('-');
  static T sta[100];
  int top = 0;
  do
    sta[top++] = x % 10, x /= 10;
  while (x);
  while (top)
    putch(sta[--top] + '0');
}
void IO::write(bool x) { putch(x ^ 48); }
inline void IO::write(char c) { putch(c); }
template <typename T>
typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>::type IO::write(T x) {
  if (x == 0) {
    putch('0'), putch('.');
    for (int i = 1; i <= precision; i++)
      putch('0');
    return;
  }
  if (x < 0)
    putch('-'), x = -x;
  T res = (LLL)(x * pow10 + 0.5) / (pow10 * 1.0);
  LLL y = LLL(res * pow10 + eps) % pow10;
  write(LLL(res + eps));
  if (precision) {
    putch('.');
    static int sta[100], p = 0;
    for (; p < precision; y /= 10)
      sta[++p] = y % 10;
    for (int i = p; i >= 1; i--)
      putch(sta[i] ^ 48);
  }
}
void IO::write(char *s) {
  while (*s)
    putch(*s++);
}
void IO::write(const char *s) {
  while (*s)
    putch(*s++);
}
#undef isdigit