Problem p01437 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Time Limit Exceeded

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <deque>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
inline int toInt(string s) {
  int v;
  istringstream sin(s);
  sin >> v;
  return v;
}
template <class T> inline string toString(T x) {
  ostringstream sout;
  sout << x;
  return sout.str();
}
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<vi> vvi;
typedef vector<string> vs;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef long long ll;
#define ALL(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()
#define RALL(a) (a).rbegin(), (a).rend()
#define EXIST(s, e) ((s).find(e) != (s).end())
#define FOR(i, a, b) for (int i = (a); i < (b); ++i)
#define REP(i, n) FOR(i, 0, n)
const double EPS = 1e-9;
const double PI = acos(-1.0);

typedef vector<ll> vl;
typedef vector<vl> vvl;
typedef vector<vvl> vvvl;
struct node {
  int y, x, dir;
  ll cost;
  node(int y, int x, int dir, ll cost) : y(y), x(x), cost(cost), dir(dir) {}
};
int dx[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0}, dy[] = {0, -1, 0, 1};
char dirs[] = {'W', 'N', 'E', 'S'};
const ll MAX = LONG_MAX;
int main() {
  int h, w;
  ll l;
  while (cin >> h >> w >> l, h | w | l) {
    vs c(h);
    pii start;
    int initdir;
    REP(i, h) {
      cin >> c[i];
      REP(j, w) {
        switch (c[i][j]) {
        case 'W':
          start = make_pair(i, j);
          initdir = 0;
          break;
        case 'N':
          start = make_pair(i, j);
          initdir = 1;
          break;
        case 'E':
          start = make_pair(i, j);
          initdir = 2;
          break;
        case 'S':
          start = make_pair(i, j);
          initdir = 3;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    vvvl cost(h, vvl(w, vl(4, MAX)));
    queue<node> q;
    cost[start.first][start.second][initdir] = l;
    q.push(node(start.first, start.second, initdir, l));
    while (!q.empty()) {
      node cnode = q.front();
      q.pop();
      if (cnode.cost == 0) {
        cout << cnode.y + 1 << " " << cnode.x + 1 << " " << dirs[cnode.dir]
             << endl;
        break;
      }
      int d = cnode.dir;
      int y = cnode.y + dy[d];
      int x = cnode.x + dx[d];
      while (!(y >= 0 && x >= 0 && y < h && x < w && c[y][x] != '#')) {
        d = (d + 1) % 4;
        y = cnode.y + dy[d];
        x = cnode.x + dx[d];
      }
      if (cost[y][x][d] != MAX) {
        ll diff = cost[y][x][d] - (cnode.cost - 1);
        cost[y][x][d] = (cnode.cost - 1) % diff;
        q.push(node(y, x, d, (cnode.cost - 1) % diff));
      } else {
        cost[y][x][d] = cnode.cost - 1;
        q.push(node(y, x, d, cnode.cost - 1));
      }
    }
  }
}

Error: TLE

Fixed submission:

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <deque>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
inline int toInt(string s) {
  int v;
  istringstream sin(s);
  sin >> v;
  return v;
}
template <class T> inline string toString(T x) {
  ostringstream sout;
  sout << x;
  return sout.str();
}
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<vi> vvi;
typedef vector<string> vs;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef long long ll;
#define ALL(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()
#define RALL(a) (a).rbegin(), (a).rend()
#define EXIST(s, e) ((s).find(e) != (s).end())
#define FOR(i, a, b) for (int i = (a); i < (b); ++i)
#define REP(i, n) FOR(i, 0, n)
const double EPS = 1e-9;
const double PI = acos(-1.0);

typedef vector<ll> vl;
typedef vector<vl> vvl;
typedef vector<vvl> vvvl;
struct node {
  int y, x, dir;
  ll cost;
  node(int y, int x, int dir, ll cost) : y(y), x(x), cost(cost), dir(dir) {}
};
int dx[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0}, dy[] = {0, -1, 0, 1};
char dirs[] = {'W', 'N', 'E', 'S'};
const ll MAX = LONG_MAX;
int main() {
  int h, w, l;
  while (cin >> h >> w >> l, h | w | l) {
    vs c(h);
    pii start;
    int initdir;
    REP(i, h) {
      cin >> c[i];
      REP(j, w) {
        switch (c[i][j]) {
        case 'W':
          start = make_pair(i, j);
          initdir = 0;
          break;
        case 'N':
          start = make_pair(i, j);
          initdir = 1;
          break;
        case 'E':
          start = make_pair(i, j);
          initdir = 2;
          break;
        case 'S':
          start = make_pair(i, j);
          initdir = 3;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    vvvl cost(h, vvl(w, vl(4, MAX)));
    queue<node> q;
    cost[start.first][start.second][initdir] = l;
    q.push(node(start.first, start.second, initdir, l));
    while (!q.empty()) {
      node cnode = q.front();
      q.pop();
      if (cnode.cost == 0) {
        cout << cnode.y + 1 << " " << cnode.x + 1 << " " << dirs[cnode.dir]
             << endl;
        break;
      }
      int d = cnode.dir;
      int y = cnode.y + dy[d];
      int x = cnode.x + dx[d];
      while (!(y >= 0 && x >= 0 && y < h && x < w && c[y][x] != '#')) {
        d = (d + 1) % 4;
        y = cnode.y + dy[d];
        x = cnode.x + dx[d];
      }
      if (cost[y][x][d] != MAX) {
        ll diff = cost[y][x][d] - (cnode.cost - 1);
        cost[y][x][d] = (cnode.cost - 1) % diff;
        q.push(node(y, x, d, (cnode.cost - 1) % diff));
      } else {
        cost[y][x][d] = cnode.cost - 1;
        q.push(node(y, x, d, cnode.cost - 1));
      }
    }
  }
}