Problem p02698 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Time Limit Exceeded

#include <algorithm>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdint>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <math.h>
#include <queue>
#include <regex>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <time.h>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using pii = pair<int, int>;
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define sc second
#define fr first
#define stpr setprecision
#define cYES cout << "YES" << endl
#define cNO cout << "NO" << endl
#define cYes cout << "Yes" << endl
#define cNo cout << "No" << endl
#define rep(i, n) for (ll i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
#define Rep(i, a, b) for (ll i = (a); i < (b); ++i)
#define rrep(i, n) for (ll i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
#define rRep(i, a, b) for (ll i = b - 1; i >= a; i--)
#define crep(i) for (char i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; ++i)
#define psortsecond(A, N)                                                      \\
  sort(A, A + N,                                                               \\
       [](const pii &a, const pii &b) { return a.second < b.second; });
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define debug(v)                                                               \\
  cout << #v << ":";                                                           \\
  for (auto x : v) {                                                           \\
    cout << x << ' ';                                                          \\
  }                                                                            \\
  cout << endl;
#define endl '\\n'
int ctoi(const char c) {
  if ('0' <= c && c <= '9')
    return (c - '0');
  return -1;
}
ll gcd(ll a, ll b) { return (b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b)); }
ll lcm(ll a, ll b) { return a * b / gcd(a, b); }
constexpr ll MOD = 1000000007;
constexpr ll INF = 1000000011;
constexpr ll MOD2 = 998244353;
constexpr ll LINF = 1001002003004005006ll;
constexpr ld EPS = 10e-8;
template <class T, class U> inline bool chmax(T &lhs, const U &rhs) {
  if (lhs < rhs) {
    lhs = rhs;
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}
template <class T, class U> inline bool chmin(T &lhs, const U &rhs) {
  if (lhs > rhs) {
    lhs = rhs;
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}
template <typename T> istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &v) {
  for (auto &&x : v)
    is >> x;
  return is;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair<T, U> &p) {
  is >> p.first;
  is >> p.second;
  return is;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator>>(ostream &os, const pair<T, U> &p) {
  os << p.first << ' ' << p.second;
  return os;
}
template <class T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector<T> &v) {
  for (auto i = begin(v); i != end(v); ++i) {
    if (i != begin(v))
      os << ' ';
    os << *i;
  }
  return os;
}

ll N, A[200007], ans[200007];
vector<vector<ll>> E(200007);
vector<ll> V;
vector<ll> dp(200007, INF);

ll binaly(ll key, vector<ll> &V, vector<ll> &dp) {
  ll ok = 0, ng = V.size();
  while (ok < ng) {
    ll mid = (ok + ng) / 2;
    if (dp[mid] < key) {
      ok = mid + 1;
    } else {
      ng = mid;
    }
  }
  return ok;
}

void dfs(ll key, ll mae, vector<ll> &dp, vector<ll> &V) {
  V.pb(A[key]);
  ll X, Y;
  X = binaly(A[key], V, dp);
  Y = dp[X];
  dp[X] = A[key];
  ans[key] = lower_bound(dp.begin(), dp.end(), INF) - dp.begin();
  rep(i, E[key].size()) {
    if (E[key][i] != mae) {
      dfs(E[key][i], key, dp, V);
    }
  }
  V.pop_back();
  dp[X] = Y;
}

int main() {
  cin >> N;
  rep(i, N) { cin >> A[i + 1]; }
  V.clear();
  rep(i, N - 1) {
    ll X, Y;
    cin >> X >> Y;
    E[X].pb(Y);
    E[Y].pb(X);
  }
  dfs(1, 0, dp, V);
  rep(i, N) { cout << ans[i + 1] << endl; }
}

Error: TLE

Fixed submission:

#include <algorithm>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdint>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <math.h>
#include <queue>
#include <regex>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <time.h>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using pii = pair<int, int>;
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define sc second
#define fr first
#define stpr setprecision
#define cYES cout << "YES" << endl
#define cNO cout << "NO" << endl
#define cYes cout << "Yes" << endl
#define cNo cout << "No" << endl
#define rep(i, n) for (ll i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
#define Rep(i, a, b) for (ll i = (a); i < (b); ++i)
#define rrep(i, n) for (ll i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
#define rRep(i, a, b) for (ll i = b - 1; i >= a; i--)
#define crep(i) for (char i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; ++i)
#define psortsecond(A, N)                                                      \\
  sort(A, A + N,                                                               \\
       [](const pii &a, const pii &b) { return a.second < b.second; });
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define debug(v)                                                               \\
  cout << #v << ":";                                                           \\
  for (auto x : v) {                                                           \\
    cout << x << ' ';                                                          \\
  }                                                                            \\
  cout << endl;
#define endl '\\n'
int ctoi(const char c) {
  if ('0' <= c && c <= '9')
    return (c - '0');
  return -1;
}
ll gcd(ll a, ll b) { return (b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b)); }
ll lcm(ll a, ll b) { return a * b / gcd(a, b); }
constexpr ll MOD = 1000000007;
constexpr ll INF = 1000000011;
constexpr ll MOD2 = 998244353;
constexpr ll LINF = 1001002003004005006ll;
constexpr ld EPS = 10e-8;
template <class T, class U> inline bool chmax(T &lhs, const U &rhs) {
  if (lhs < rhs) {
    lhs = rhs;
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}
template <class T, class U> inline bool chmin(T &lhs, const U &rhs) {
  if (lhs > rhs) {
    lhs = rhs;
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}
template <typename T> istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &v) {
  for (auto &&x : v)
    is >> x;
  return is;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair<T, U> &p) {
  is >> p.first;
  is >> p.second;
  return is;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator>>(ostream &os, const pair<T, U> &p) {
  os << p.first << ' ' << p.second;
  return os;
}
template <class T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector<T> &v) {
  for (auto i = begin(v); i != end(v); ++i) {
    if (i != begin(v))
      os << ' ';
    os << *i;
  }
  return os;
}

ll N, A[200007], ans[200007];
vector<vector<ll>> E(200007);

ll binaly(ll key, vector<ll> V, vector<ll> dp) {
  ll ok = 0, ng = V.size();
  while (ok < ng) {
    ll mid = (ok + ng) / 2;
    if (dp[mid] < key) {
      ok = mid + 1;
    } else {
      ng = mid;
    }
  }
  return ok;
}

void dfs(ll key, ll mae, vector<ll> dp, vector<ll> V) {
  V.pb(A[key]);
  dp[binaly(A[key], V, dp)] = A[key];
  ans[key] = lower_bound(dp.begin(), dp.end(), INF) - dp.begin();
  rep(i, E[key].size()) {
    if (E[key][i] != mae) {
      dfs(E[key][i], key, dp, V);
    }
  }
}

int main() {
  cin >> N;
  rep(i, N) { cin >> A[i + 1]; }
  vector<ll> V;
  V.clear();
  vector<ll> dp(200007, INF);
  rep(i, N - 1) {
    ll X, Y;
    cin >> X >> Y;
    E[X].pb(Y);
    E[Y].pb(X);
  }
  dfs(1, 0, dp, V);
  rep(i, N) { cout << ans[i + 1] << endl; }
}