Problem p02685 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Runtime Error

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define ALL(v) v.begin(), v.end()
#define MAX 510000
#define rrep(i, n) for (ll i = 0; i < (ll)(n); i++)
#define rep(i, n) for (ll i = 1; i <= (ll)(n); i++)
#define dcout cout << fixed << setprecision(15);

using namespace std;
typedef long long int ll;
typedef pair<ll, ll> P;

constexpr int MOD = 998244353;
constexpr ll inf = 1LL << 60;

// lcm//
ll gcd(ll x, ll y) {
  if (x == 0)
    return y;
  return gcd(y % x, x);
}
ll lcm(ll x, ll y) { return x * y / gcd(x, y); }

// a^n mod p//
ll modpow(ll a, ll n, ll p) {
  if (n == 1)
    return a % p;
  if (n % 2 == 1)
    return (a * modpow(a, n - 1, p)) % p;
  ll t = modpow(a, n / 2, p);
  return (t * t) % p;
}

// inversemod//
long long modinv(long long a, long long m) {
  long long b = m, u = 1, v = 0;
  while (b) {
    long long t = a / b;
    a -= t * b;
    swap(a, b);
    u -= t * v;
    swap(u, v);
  }
  u %= m;
  if (u < 0)
    u += m;
  return u;
}

// Cmonp//
ll fac[MAX], finv[MAX], inv[MAX];
//
void COMinit() {
  fac[0] = fac[1] = 1;
  finv[0] = finv[1] = 1;
  inv[1] = 1;
  for (int i = 2; i < MAX; i++) {
    fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % MOD;
    inv[i] = MOD - inv[MOD % i] * (MOD / i) % MOD;
    finv[i] = finv[i - 1] * inv[i] % MOD;
  }
}

//
ll COM(ll n, ll k) {
  if (n < k)
    return 0;
  if (n < 0 || k < 0)
    return 0;
  return fac[n] * (finv[k] * finv[n - k] % MOD) % MOD;
}

// LARGE n
ll com(ll n, ll m) {
  if (n < m || n <= 0 || m < 0) {
    return 0;
  }
  if (m == 0 || n == m) {
    return 1;
  }
  ll k = 1;
  for (ll i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
    k *= (n - i + 1);
    k %= MOD;
    k *= modinv(i, MOD);
    k %= MOD;
  }
  return k;
}

// radP
ll rad(ll u, ll p) {
  ll cnt = 0;
  while (u % p == 0) {
    u /= p;
    cnt++;
  }
  return cnt;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int main() {
  ll n, m, k;
  cin >> n >> m >> k;

  ll ans = 0;
  COMinit();

  for (ll i = 0; i <= k; i++) {
    ll notc = n - 1 - i;
    ll val = 1;
    val *= m;
    if (notc != 0) {
      val *= modpow(m - 1, notc, MOD);
    } else {
      val *= 1;
    }
    val %= MOD;
    val *= COM(n - 1, i);
    val %= MOD;
    ans += val;
    ans %= MOD;
  }

  cout << ans << endl;
}


Error: 0

Fixed submission:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define ALL(v) v.begin(), v.end()
#define MAX 510000
#define rrep(i, n) for (ll i = 0; i < (ll)(n); i++)
#define rep(i, n) for (ll i = 1; i <= (ll)(n); i++)
#define dcout cout << fixed << setprecision(15);

using namespace std;
typedef long long int ll;
typedef pair<ll, ll> P;

constexpr int MOD = 998244353;
constexpr ll inf = 1LL << 60;

// lcm//
ll gcd(ll x, ll y) {
  if (x == 0)
    return y;
  return gcd(y % x, x);
}
ll lcm(ll x, ll y) { return x * y / gcd(x, y); }

// a^n mod p//
ll modpow(ll a, ll n, ll p) {
  if (n == 1)
    return a % p;
  if (n % 2 == 1)
    return (a * modpow(a, n - 1, p)) % p;
  ll t = modpow(a, n / 2, p);
  return (t * t) % p;
}

// inversemod//
long long modinv(long long a, long long m) {
  long long b = m, u = 1, v = 0;
  while (b) {
    long long t = a / b;
    a -= t * b;
    swap(a, b);
    u -= t * v;
    swap(u, v);
  }
  u %= m;
  if (u < 0)
    u += m;
  return u;
}

// Cmonp//
ll fac[MAX], finv[MAX], inv[MAX];
//
void COMinit() {
  fac[0] = fac[1] = 1;
  finv[0] = finv[1] = 1;
  inv[1] = 1;
  for (int i = 2; i < MAX; i++) {
    fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % MOD;
    inv[i] = MOD - inv[MOD % i] * (MOD / i) % MOD;
    finv[i] = finv[i - 1] * inv[i] % MOD;
  }
}

//
ll COM(ll n, ll k) {
  if (n < k)
    return 0;
  if (n < 0 || k < 0)
    return 0;
  return fac[n] * (finv[k] * finv[n - k] % MOD) % MOD;
}

// LARGE n
ll com(ll n, ll m) {
  if (n < m || n <= 0 || m < 0) {
    return 0;
  }
  if (m == 0 || n == m) {
    return 1;
  }
  ll k = 1;
  for (ll i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
    k *= (n - i + 1);
    k %= MOD;
    k *= modinv(i, MOD);
    k %= MOD;
  }
  return k;
}

// radP
ll rad(ll u, ll p) {
  ll cnt = 0;
  while (u % p == 0) {
    u /= p;
    cnt++;
  }
  return cnt;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int main() {
  ll n, m, k;
  cin >> n >> m >> k;

  ll ans = 0;
  COMinit();

  for (ll i = 0; i <= k; i++) {
    ll notc = n - 1 - i;
    ll val = 1;
    val *= m;
    val *= modpow(m - 1, notc, MOD);
    val %= MOD;
    val *= COM(n - 1, i);
    val %= MOD;
    ans += val;
    ans %= MOD;
  }

  cout << ans << endl;
}