Problem p02685 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Runtime Error

#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i, x) for (ll i = 0; i < (ll)(x); i++)
#define rrep(i, x) for (ll i = (ll)(x)-1; 0 <= i; i--)
#define reps(i, x) for (ll i = 1; i < (ll)(x) + 1; i++)
#define rreps(i, x) for (ll i = (ll)(x); 1 <= i; i--)
#define debug(x) cerr << #x << ": " << (x) << "\\n";
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef pair<int, int> P;
typedef pair<ll, ll> Pll;
typedef vector<ll> vl;
typedef vector<vector<ll>> vvl;
typedef vector<vector<vector<ll>>> vvvl;
const ll INF = numeric_limits<ll>::max() / 4;
const int n_max = 2e5 + 10;
#define int ll

void print() { cout << endl; }

// template <class Head, class... Tail>
// void print(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) {
//     cout << head;
//     if (sizeof...(tail) != 0) cout << " ";
//     print(forward<Tail>(tail)...);
// }

template <class T> void print(vector<T> &vec) {
  for (auto &a : vec) {
    cout << a;
    if (&a != &vec.back())
      cout << " ";
  }
  cout << endl;
}

template <class T> void print(vector<T> &vec, ll k) {
  ll n = vec.size();
  k = min(k, n);
  rep(i, k - 1) cout << vec[i] << " ";
  cout << vec[k - 1] << endl;
}

template <class T> void print(vector<vector<T>> &df) {
  for (auto &vec : df) {
    print(vec);
  }
}

template <class T, class U> void print(pair<T, U> &p) {
  cout << p.first << " " << p.second << "\\n";
}

template <std::int_fast64_t Modulus> class modint {
  using i64 = int_fast64_t;

public:
  i64 a;

  constexpr modint(const i64 x = 0) noexcept {
    this->a = x % Modulus;
    if (a < 0) {
      a += Modulus;
    }
  }
  constexpr int getmod() { return Modulus; }
  constexpr modint operator-() const noexcept { return a ? Modulus - a : 0; }
  // constexpr i64 &value() const noexcept {return a;}
  constexpr const i64 &value() const noexcept { return a; }
  constexpr modint operator+(const modint rhs) const noexcept {
    return modint(*this) += rhs;
  }
  constexpr modint operator-(const modint rhs) const noexcept {
    return modint(*this) -= rhs;
  }
  constexpr modint operator*(const modint rhs) const noexcept {
    return modint(*this) *= rhs;
  }
  constexpr modint operator/(const modint rhs) const noexcept {
    return modint(*this) /= rhs;
  }
  constexpr modint &operator+=(const modint rhs) noexcept {
    a += rhs.a;
    if (a >= Modulus) {
      a -= Modulus;
    }
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr modint &operator-=(const modint rhs) noexcept {
    if (a < rhs.a) {
      a += Modulus;
    }
    a -= rhs.a;
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr modint &operator*=(const modint rhs) noexcept {
    a = a * rhs.a % Modulus;
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr modint &operator/=(modint rhs) noexcept {
    i64 a_ = rhs.a, b = Modulus, u = 1, v = 0;
    while (b) {
      i64 t = a_ / b;
      a_ -= t * b;
      swap(a_, b);
      u -= t * v;
      swap(u, v);
    }
    a = a * u % Modulus;
    if (a < 0)
      a += Modulus;
    return *this;
  }

  // 自前実装
  constexpr bool operator==(const modint rhs) noexcept { return a == rhs.a; }
  constexpr bool operator!=(const modint rhs) noexcept { return a != rhs.a; }
  constexpr bool operator>(const modint rhs) noexcept { return a > rhs.a; }
  constexpr bool operator>=(const modint rhs) noexcept { return a >= rhs.a; }
  constexpr bool operator<(const modint rhs) noexcept { return a < rhs.a; }
  constexpr bool operator<=(const modint rhs) noexcept { return a <= rhs.a; }
  // constexpr modint& operator++() noexcept {
  //     return (*this) += modint(1);
  // }
  // constexpr modint operator++(int) {
  //     modint tmp(*this);
  //     operator++();
  //     return tmp;
  // }
  // constexpr modint& operator--() noexcept {
  //     return (*this) -= modint(1);
  // }
  // constexpr modint operator--(int) {
  //     modint tmp(*this);
  //     operator--();
  //     return tmp;
  // }
  template <typename T>
  friend constexpr modint modpow(const modint &mt, T n) noexcept {
    if (n < 0) {
      modint t = (modint(1) / mt);
      return modpow(t, -n);
    }
    modint res = 1, tmp = mt;
    while (n) {
      if (n & 1)
        res *= tmp;
      tmp *= tmp;
      n /= 2;
    }
    return res;
  }
};

const ll MOD = 998244353;
using mint = modint<MOD>;
// 標準入出力対応
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const modint<MOD> &m) {
  out << m.a;
  return out;
}
std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &in, modint<MOD> &m) {
  ll a;
  in >> a;
  m = mint(a);
  return in;
}

template <class T> struct BiCoef {
  vector<T> fact_, inv_, finv_;
  constexpr BiCoef() {}
  constexpr BiCoef(int n) noexcept : fact_(n, 1), inv_(n, 1), finv_(n, 1) {
    init(n);
  }
  constexpr void init(int n) noexcept {
    fact_.assign(n, 1), inv_.assign(n, 1), finv_.assign(n, 1);
    int MOD = fact_[0].getmod();
    for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) {
      fact_[i] = fact_[i - 1] * i;
      inv_[i] = -inv_[MOD % i] * (MOD / i);
      finv_[i] = finv_[i - 1] * inv_[i];
    }
  }
  constexpr T com(int n, int k) const noexcept {
    if (n < k || n < 0 || k < 0)
      return 0;
    return fact_[n] * finv_[k] * finv_[n - k];
  }
  constexpr T fact(int n) const noexcept {
    if (n < 0)
      return 0;
    return fact_[n];
  }
  constexpr T inv(int n) const noexcept {
    if (n < 0)
      return 0;
    return inv_[n];
  }
  constexpr T finv(int n) const noexcept {
    if (n < 0)
      return 0;
    return finv_[n];
  }
};

BiCoef<mint> bc(n_max);

signed main() {
  cin.tie(nullptr);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

  ll n, m, k;
  cin >> n >> m >> k;
  vector<mint> dp(k + 1);
  rep(i, k + 1) dp[i] = bc.com(n - 1, i) * m * modpow(mint(m - 1), n - 1 - i);

  mint ans = 0;
  rep(i, k + 1) ans += dp[i];

  cout << ans << endl;
}

Error: 0

Fixed submission:

#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i, x) for (ll i = 0; i < (ll)(x); i++)
#define rrep(i, x) for (ll i = (ll)(x)-1; 0 <= i; i--)
#define reps(i, x) for (ll i = 1; i < (ll)(x) + 1; i++)
#define rreps(i, x) for (ll i = (ll)(x); 1 <= i; i--)
#define debug(x) cerr << #x << ": " << (x) << "\\n";
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef pair<int, int> P;
typedef pair<ll, ll> Pll;
typedef vector<ll> vl;
typedef vector<vector<ll>> vvl;
typedef vector<vector<vector<ll>>> vvvl;
const ll INF = numeric_limits<ll>::max() / 4;
const int n_max = 1e5 + 10;
#define int ll

void print() { cout << endl; }

// template <class Head, class... Tail>
// void print(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) {
//     cout << head;
//     if (sizeof...(tail) != 0) cout << " ";
//     print(forward<Tail>(tail)...);
// }

template <class T> void print(vector<T> &vec) {
  for (auto &a : vec) {
    cout << a;
    if (&a != &vec.back())
      cout << " ";
  }
  cout << endl;
}

template <class T> void print(vector<T> &vec, ll k) {
  ll n = vec.size();
  k = min(k, n);
  rep(i, k - 1) cout << vec[i] << " ";
  cout << vec[k - 1] << endl;
}

template <class T> void print(vector<vector<T>> &df) {
  for (auto &vec : df) {
    print(vec);
  }
}

template <class T, class U> void print(pair<T, U> &p) {
  cout << p.first << " " << p.second << "\\n";
}

template <std::int_fast64_t Modulus> class modint {
  using i64 = int_fast64_t;

public:
  i64 a;

  constexpr modint(const i64 x = 0) noexcept {
    this->a = x % Modulus;
    if (a < 0) {
      a += Modulus;
    }
  }
  constexpr int getmod() { return Modulus; }
  constexpr modint operator-() const noexcept { return a ? Modulus - a : 0; }
  // constexpr i64 &value() const noexcept {return a;}
  constexpr const i64 &value() const noexcept { return a; }
  constexpr modint operator+(const modint rhs) const noexcept {
    return modint(*this) += rhs;
  }
  constexpr modint operator-(const modint rhs) const noexcept {
    return modint(*this) -= rhs;
  }
  constexpr modint operator*(const modint rhs) const noexcept {
    return modint(*this) *= rhs;
  }
  constexpr modint operator/(const modint rhs) const noexcept {
    return modint(*this) /= rhs;
  }
  constexpr modint &operator+=(const modint rhs) noexcept {
    a += rhs.a;
    if (a >= Modulus) {
      a -= Modulus;
    }
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr modint &operator-=(const modint rhs) noexcept {
    if (a < rhs.a) {
      a += Modulus;
    }
    a -= rhs.a;
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr modint &operator*=(const modint rhs) noexcept {
    a = a * rhs.a % Modulus;
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr modint &operator/=(modint rhs) noexcept {
    i64 a_ = rhs.a, b = Modulus, u = 1, v = 0;
    while (b) {
      i64 t = a_ / b;
      a_ -= t * b;
      swap(a_, b);
      u -= t * v;
      swap(u, v);
    }
    a = a * u % Modulus;
    if (a < 0)
      a += Modulus;
    return *this;
  }

  // 自前実装
  constexpr bool operator==(const modint rhs) noexcept { return a == rhs.a; }
  constexpr bool operator!=(const modint rhs) noexcept { return a != rhs.a; }
  constexpr bool operator>(const modint rhs) noexcept { return a > rhs.a; }
  constexpr bool operator>=(const modint rhs) noexcept { return a >= rhs.a; }
  constexpr bool operator<(const modint rhs) noexcept { return a < rhs.a; }
  constexpr bool operator<=(const modint rhs) noexcept { return a <= rhs.a; }
  // constexpr modint& operator++() noexcept {
  //     return (*this) += modint(1);
  // }
  // constexpr modint operator++(int) {
  //     modint tmp(*this);
  //     operator++();
  //     return tmp;
  // }
  // constexpr modint& operator--() noexcept {
  //     return (*this) -= modint(1);
  // }
  // constexpr modint operator--(int) {
  //     modint tmp(*this);
  //     operator--();
  //     return tmp;
  // }
  template <typename T>
  friend constexpr modint modpow(const modint &mt, T n) noexcept {
    if (n < 0) {
      modint t = (modint(1) / mt);
      return modpow(t, -n);
    }
    modint res = 1, tmp = mt;
    while (n) {
      if (n & 1)
        res *= tmp;
      tmp *= tmp;
      n /= 2;
    }
    return res;
  }
};

const ll MOD = 998244353;
using mint = modint<MOD>;
// 標準入出力対応
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const modint<MOD> &m) {
  out << m.a;
  return out;
}
std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &in, modint<MOD> &m) {
  ll a;
  in >> a;
  m = mint(a);
  return in;
}

template <class T> struct BiCoef {
  vector<T> fact_, inv_, finv_;
  constexpr BiCoef() {}
  constexpr BiCoef(int n) noexcept : fact_(n, 1), inv_(n, 1), finv_(n, 1) {
    init(n);
  }
  constexpr void init(int n) noexcept {
    fact_.assign(n, 1), inv_.assign(n, 1), finv_.assign(n, 1);
    int MOD = fact_[0].getmod();
    for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) {
      fact_[i] = fact_[i - 1] * i;
      inv_[i] = -inv_[MOD % i] * (MOD / i);
      finv_[i] = finv_[i - 1] * inv_[i];
    }
  }
  constexpr T com(int n, int k) const noexcept {
    if (n < k || n < 0 || k < 0)
      return 0;
    return fact_[n] * finv_[k] * finv_[n - k];
  }
  constexpr T fact(int n) const noexcept {
    if (n < 0)
      return 0;
    return fact_[n];
  }
  constexpr T inv(int n) const noexcept {
    if (n < 0)
      return 0;
    return inv_[n];
  }
  constexpr T finv(int n) const noexcept {
    if (n < 0)
      return 0;
    return finv_[n];
  }
};

BiCoef<mint> bc(n_max);

signed main() {
  cin.tie(nullptr);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

  ll n, m, k;
  cin >> n >> m >> k;
  vector<mint> dp(k + 1);
  rep(i, k + 1) dp[i] = bc.com(n - 1, i) * m * modpow(mint(m - 1), n - 1 - i);

  mint ans = 0;
  rep(i, k + 1) ans += dp[i];

  cout << ans << endl;
}