Problem p02720 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Time Limit Exceeded

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
#define ll long long

const int mod = 1000000007;
// const int mod = 998244353;

struct mint {
  ll x; // typedef long long ll;
  mint(ll x = 0) : x((x % mod + mod) % mod) {}
  mint operator-() const { return mint(-x); }
  mint &operator+=(const mint a) {
    if ((x += a.x) >= mod)
      x -= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint &operator-=(const mint a) {
    if ((x += mod - a.x) >= mod)
      x -= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint &operator*=(const mint a) {
    (x *= a.x) %= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint operator+(const mint a) const { return mint(*this) += a; }
  mint operator-(const mint a) const { return mint(*this) -= a; }
  mint operator*(const mint a) const { return mint(*this) *= a; }
  mint pow(ll t) const {
    if (!t)
      return 1;
    mint a = pow(t >> 1);
    a *= a;
    if (t & 1)
      a *= *this;
    return a;
  }

  // for prime mod
  mint inv() const { return pow(mod - 2); }
  mint &operator/=(const mint a) { return *this *= a.inv(); }
  mint operator/(const mint a) const { return mint(*this) /= a; }
};
istream &operator>>(istream &is, const mint &a) { return is >> a.x; }
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const mint &a) { return os << a.x; }

template <class T> bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return 1;
  }
}
template <class T> bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) {
  if (b < a) {
    a = b;
    return 1;
  }
}

ll gcd(ll a, ll b) { return b ? gcd(b, a % b) : a; }
ll lcm(ll a, ll b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; }

// combination mod prime
// https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uowVvQ_-Mo&feature=youtu.be&t=1619
struct combination {
  vector<mint> fact, ifact;
  combination(int n) : fact(n + 1), ifact(n + 1) {
    assert(n < mod);
    fact[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
      fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i;
    ifact[n] = fact[n].inv();
    for (int i = n; i >= 1; --i)
      ifact[i - 1] = ifact[i] * i;
  }
  mint operator()(int n, int k) {
    if (k < 0 || k > n)
      return 0;
    return fact[n] * ifact[k] * ifact[n - k];
  }
};

int main() {
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(0);
  int K;
  cin >> K;
  queue<ll> Q;
  rep(i, 9) Q.push(i + 1);
  if (K <= 9) {
    cout << K << endl;
    return 0;
  }
  int k = 9;
  while (1) {
    ll x = Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    ll d = x % 10;
    for (int dd = -1; dd <= 1; ++dd) {
      int nd = d + dd;
      if (nd < 0 || nd > 9)
        continue;
      ll nx = 10 * x + nd;
      k++;
      //            cout << nx << endl;
      if (k == K) {
        cout << nx << endl;
        return 0;
      }
      Q.push(10 * x + nd);
    }
  }
}


Error: TLE

Fixed submission:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
#define ll long long

const int mod = 1000000007;
// const int mod = 998244353;

struct mint {
  ll x; // typedef long long ll;
  mint(ll x = 0) : x((x % mod + mod) % mod) {}
  mint operator-() const { return mint(-x); }
  mint &operator+=(const mint a) {
    if ((x += a.x) >= mod)
      x -= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint &operator-=(const mint a) {
    if ((x += mod - a.x) >= mod)
      x -= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint &operator*=(const mint a) {
    (x *= a.x) %= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint operator+(const mint a) const { return mint(*this) += a; }
  mint operator-(const mint a) const { return mint(*this) -= a; }
  mint operator*(const mint a) const { return mint(*this) *= a; }
  mint pow(ll t) const {
    if (!t)
      return 1;
    mint a = pow(t >> 1);
    a *= a;
    if (t & 1)
      a *= *this;
    return a;
  }

  // for prime mod
  mint inv() const { return pow(mod - 2); }
  mint &operator/=(const mint a) { return *this *= a.inv(); }
  mint operator/(const mint a) const { return mint(*this) /= a; }
};
istream &operator>>(istream &is, const mint &a) { return is >> a.x; }
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const mint &a) { return os << a.x; }

template <class T> bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return 1;
  }
}
template <class T> bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) {
  if (b < a) {
    a = b;
    return 1;
  }
}

ll gcd(ll a, ll b) { return b ? gcd(b, a % b) : a; }
ll lcm(ll a, ll b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; }

// combination mod prime
// https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uowVvQ_-Mo&feature=youtu.be&t=1619
struct combination {
  vector<mint> fact, ifact;
  combination(int n) : fact(n + 1), ifact(n + 1) {
    assert(n < mod);
    fact[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
      fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i;
    ifact[n] = fact[n].inv();
    for (int i = n; i >= 1; --i)
      ifact[i - 1] = ifact[i] * i;
  }
  mint operator()(int n, int k) {
    if (k < 0 || k > n)
      return 0;
    return fact[n] * ifact[k] * ifact[n - k];
  }
};

int main() {
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(0);
  int K;
  cin >> K;
  queue<ll> Q;
  rep(i, 9) Q.push(i + 1);
  if (K <= 9) {
    cout << K << endl;
  }
  int k = 9;
  while (1) {
    ll x = Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    ll d = x % 10;
    for (int dd = -1; dd <= 1; ++dd) {
      int nd = d + dd;
      if (nd < 0 || nd > 9)
        continue;
      ll nx = 10 * x + nd;
      k++;
      //            cout << nx << endl;
      if (k == K) {
        cout << nx << endl;
        return 0;
      }
      Q.push(10 * x + nd);
    }
  }
}