Problem p01511 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Runtime Error

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using Int = long long;
// BEGIN CUT HERE
Int MOD = 1000000009LL; //<- alert!!!
typedef vector<Int> arr;
typedef vector<arr> mat;
inline arr mul(mat a, arr &b, Int mod) {
  arr res(b.size(), 0);
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)b.size(); i++)
    for (int j = 0; j < (int)a[i].size(); j++)
      (res[i] += a[i][j] * b[j]) %= mod;
  return res;
}
inline mat mul(mat &a, mat &b, Int mod) {
  mat res(a.size(), arr(b[0].size(), 0));
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); i++)
    for (int j = 0; j < (int)b[0].size(); j++)
      for (int k = 0; k < (int)b.size(); k++)
        (res[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j]) %= mod;
  return res;
}
mat base;
inline mat mat_pow(mat a, Int n, Int mod) {
  if (base.empty()) {
    base = mat(a);
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); i++)
      for (int j = 0; j < (int)a[i].size(); j++)
        base[i][j] = (i == j);
  }
  mat res(base);
  while (n) {
    if (n & 1)
      res = mul(a, res, mod);
    a = mul(a, a, mod);
    n >>= 1;
  }
  return res;
}
mat memo[100];
void init(mat a, Int mod) {
  base = mat(a);
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)base.size(); i++)
    for (int j = 0; j < (int)base.size(); j++)
      base[i][j] = i == j;
  memo[0] = a;
  for (int k = 1; k < 70; k++)
    memo[k] = mul(memo[k - 1], memo[k - 1], mod);
}
inline mat mat_pow2(Int n, Int mod) {
  mat res(base);
  int k = 0;
  while (n) {
    if (n & 1)
      res = mul(memo[k], res, mod);
    n >>= 1;
    k++;
  }
  return res;
}
// END CUT HERE

typedef pair<Int, Int> P;
signed main() {
  Int w, h, n, cnt = 0;
  while (cin >> w >> h >> n, w || h || n) {
    Int x[n], y[n];
    for (Int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      cin >> x[i] >> y[i];
    P p[n];
    for (Int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      p[i] = P(y[i], x[i]);
    sort(p, p + n);
    for (Int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      x[i] = p[i].second, y[i] = p[i].first;
    arr a(w, 0);
    a[0] = 1;
    mat b(w, arr(w, 0));
    for (Int i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      for (Int j = 0; j < w; j++)
        b[i][j] = 0;
      b[i][i] = 1;
      if (i - 1 >= 0)
        b[i][i - 1] = 1;
      if (i + 1 < w)
        b[i][i + 1] = 1;
    }
    init(b, MOD);
    Int d = 1;
    for (Int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
      if (y[k] == d)
        continue;
      a = mul(mat_pow2(y[k] - d - 1, MOD), a, MOD);
      Int j = k;
      mat c = b;
      while (j < n && y[k] == y[j]) {
        for (Int i = 0; i < w; i++)
          c[x[j] - 1][i] = 0;
        j++;
      }
      a = mul(c, a, MOD);
      d = y[k];
    }
    a = mul(mat_pow2(h - d, MOD), a, MOD);
    cout << "Case " << ++cnt << ": " << a[w - 1] << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
verified on 2017/06/29
http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=2397
*/

Error: 0

Fixed submission:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using Int = long long;
// BEGIN CUT HERE
Int MOD = 1000000009LL; //<- alert!!!
typedef vector<Int> arr;
typedef vector<arr> mat;
inline arr mul(mat a, arr &b, int mod) {
  arr res(b.size(), 0);
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)b.size(); i++)
    for (int j = 0; j < (int)a[i].size(); j++)
      (res[i] += a[i][j] * b[j]) %= mod;
  return res;
}
inline mat mul(mat &a, mat &b, Int mod) {
  mat res(a.size(), arr(b[0].size(), 0));
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); i++)
    for (int j = 0; j < (int)b[0].size(); j++)
      for (int k = 0; k < (int)b.size(); k++)
        (res[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j]) %= mod;
  return res;
}
mat base;
inline mat mat_pow(mat a, int n, Int mod) {
  if (base.empty()) {
    base = mat(a);
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); i++)
      for (int j = 0; j < (int)a[i].size(); j++)
        base[i][j] = (i == j);
  }
  mat res(base);
  while (n) {
    if (n & 1)
      res = mul(a, res, mod);
    a = mul(a, a, mod);
    n >>= 1;
  }
  return res;
}
mat memo[100];
void init(mat a, Int mod) {
  base = mat(a);
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)base.size(); i++)
    for (int j = 0; j < (int)base.size(); j++)
      base[i][j] = i == j;
  memo[0] = a;
  for (int k = 1; k < 70; k++)
    memo[k] = mul(memo[k - 1], memo[k - 1], mod);
}
inline mat mat_pow2(int w, int n, Int mod) {
  mat res(base);
  int k = 0;
  while (n) {
    if (n & 1)
      res = mul(memo[k], res, mod);
    n >>= 1;
    k++;
  }
  return res;
}
// END CUT HERE

typedef pair<Int, Int> P;
signed main() {
  Int w, h, n, cnt = 0;
  while (cin >> w >> h >> n, w || h || n) {
    Int x[n], y[n];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      cin >> x[i] >> y[i];
    P p[n];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      p[i] = P(y[i], x[i]);
    sort(p, p + n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      x[i] = p[i].second, y[i] = p[i].first;
    arr a(w, 0);
    a[0] = 1;
    mat b(w, arr(w, 0));
    for (int i = 0; i < w; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < w; j++)
        b[i][j] = 0;
      b[i][i] = 1;
      if (i - 1 >= 0)
        b[i][i - 1] = 1;
      if (i + 1 < w)
        b[i][i + 1] = 1;
    }
    init(b, MOD);
    Int d = 1;
    for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
      if (y[k] == d)
        continue;
      // cout<<k<<endl;
      a = mul(mat_pow2(w, y[k] - d - 1, MOD), a, MOD);
      int j = k;
      mat c = b;
      while (j < n && y[k] == y[j]) {
        for (int i = 0; i < w; i++)
          c[x[j] - 1][i] = 0;
        j++;
      }
      a = mul(c, a, MOD);
      d = y[k];
      // cout<<"a:";for(int i=0;i<w;i++) cout<<a[i]<<" ";cout<<endl;
    }
    // cout<<"a:";for(int i=0;i<w;i++) cout<<a[i]<<" ";cout<<endl;
    a = mul(mat_pow2(w, h - d, MOD), a, MOD);
    // cout<<"a:";for(int i=0;i<w;i++) cout<<a[i]<<" ";cout<<endl;
    cout << "Case " << ++cnt << ": " << a[w - 1] << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
verified on 2017/06/29
http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=2397
*/