Problem p02289 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Time Limit Exceeded

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using Int = long long;
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using Int = long long;
// BEGIN CUT HERE
template <typename T, typename E> struct FGC {
  typedef function<T(T, E)> F;
  typedef function<E(E, E)> G;
  typedef function<bool(T, T)> C;
  F &f;
  G &g;
  C &c;
  FGC(F &f, G &g, C &c) : f(f), g(g), c(c) {}
};
template <typename T, typename E> struct SkewHeap {
  SkewHeap *l, *r;
  T val;
  E add, e;
  FGC<T, E> &fgc;

  SkewHeap(T val, E e, FGC<T, E> &fgc) : val(val), add(e), e(e), fgc(fgc) {
    l = r = NULL;
  }

  void eval() {
    if (add == e)
      return;
    if (l)
      l->add = fgc.g(l->add, add);
    if (r)
      r->add = fgc.g(r->add, add);
    val = fgc.f(val, add);
    add = e;
  }

  T top() { return fgc.f(val, add); }
};

template <typename T, typename E>
SkewHeap<T, E> *meld(SkewHeap<T, E> *a, SkewHeap<T, E> *b) {
  if (!a)
    return b;
  if (!b)
    return a;
  if (a->fgc.c(a->top(), b->top()))
    swap(a, b);
  a->eval();
  a->r = meld(a->r, b);
  swap(a->l, a->r);
  return a;
}

template <typename T, typename E> SkewHeap<T, E> *pop(SkewHeap<T, E> *a) {
  a->eval();
  auto res = meld(a->l, a->r);
  free(a);
  return res;
};
// END CUT HERE

signed main() {
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
  using Heap = SkewHeap<int, int>;

  FGC<int, int>::F f = [](int a, int b) { return a + b; };
  FGC<int, int>::G g = [](int a, int b) { return a + b; };
  FGC<int, int>::C c = [](int a, int b) { return a < b; };
  FGC<int, int> fgc(f, g, c);

  Heap *base = new Heap(0, 0, fgc);
  string s;
  while (cin >> s, s != "end") {
    int x;
    if (s == "insert") {
      cin >> x;
      base = meld(base, new Heap(x, 0, fgc));
    }
    if (s == "extract") {
      x = base->top();
      base = pop(base);
      cout << x << endl;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}
/*
  verified on 2018/01/04
  http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=ALDS1_9_C&lang=jp
*/


Error: TLE

Fixed submission:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using Int = long long;
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using Int = long long;
// BEGIN CUT HERE
template <typename T, typename E> struct FGC {
  typedef function<T(T, E)> F;
  typedef function<E(E, E)> G;
  typedef function<bool(T, T)> C;
  F &f;
  G &g;
  C &c;
  FGC(F &f, G &g, C &c) : f(f), g(g), c(c) {}
};
template <typename T, typename E> struct SkewHeap {
  SkewHeap *l, *r;
  T val;
  E add, e;
  FGC<T, E> &fgc;

  SkewHeap(T val, E e, FGC<T, E> &fgc) : val(val), add(e), e(e), fgc(fgc) {
    l = r = NULL;
  }

  void eval() {
    if (add == e)
      return;
    if (l)
      l->add = fgc.g(l->add, add);
    if (r)
      r->add = fgc.g(r->add, add);
    val = fgc.f(val, add);
    add = e;
  }

  T top() { return fgc.f(val, add); }
};

template <typename T, typename E>
SkewHeap<T, E> *meld(SkewHeap<T, E> *a, SkewHeap<T, E> *b) {
  if (!a)
    return b;
  if (!b)
    return a;
  if (a->fgc.c(a->top(), b->top()))
    swap(a, b);
  a->eval();
  a->r = meld(a->r, b);
  swap(a->l, a->r);
  return a;
}

template <typename T, typename E> SkewHeap<T, E> *pop(SkewHeap<T, E> *a) {
  a->eval();
  auto res = meld(a->l, a->r);
  free(a);
  return res;
};
// END CUT HERE

signed main() {
  using Heap = SkewHeap<int, int>;

  FGC<int, int>::F f = [](int a, int b) { return a + b; };
  FGC<int, int>::G g = [](int a, int b) { return a + b; };
  FGC<int, int>::C c = [](int a, int b) { return a < b; };
  FGC<int, int> fgc(f, g, c);

  Heap *base = new Heap(0, 0, fgc);
  string s;
  while (cin >> s, s != "end") {
    int x;
    if (s == "insert") {
      cin >> x;
      base = meld(base, new Heap(x, 0, fgc));
    }
    if (s == "extract") {
      x = base->top();
      base = pop(base);
      cout << x << endl;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}
/*
  verified on 2018/01/04
  http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=ALDS1_9_C&lang=jp
*/