Problem p00930 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Runtime Error

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#define MAXN 600010
using namespace std;
struct SegTree {
  int left, right, mid, val, add;
  SegTree() {}
} tree[MAXN << 1];
char str[MAXN];
int n, q, prefix[MAXN];
inline int LC(int x) { return x << 1; }
inline int RC(int x) { return x << 1 | 1; }
inline void push_down(int rt) {
  if (tree[rt].add == 0)
    return;
  tree[rt].val += tree[rt].add;
  if (tree[rt].left != tree[rt].right) {
    tree[LC(rt)].add += tree[rt].add;
    tree[RC(rt)].add += tree[rt].add;
  }
  tree[rt].add = 0;
}
inline void push_up(int rt) {
  tree[rt].val = min((tree[LC(rt)].val + tree[LC(rt)].add),
                     (tree[RC(rt)].val + tree[RC(rt)].add)) +
                 tree[rt].add;
}
void makeTree(int L, int R, int rt) {
  tree[rt].left = L;
  tree[rt].right = R;
  tree[rt].mid = (L + R) >> 1;
  tree[rt].add = 0;
  if (L == R) {
    tree[rt].val = prefix[L + 1];
    return;
  }
  int mid = tree[rt].mid;
  makeTree(L, mid, LC(rt));
  makeTree(mid + 1, R, RC(rt));
  push_up(rt);
}
void update(int L, int R, int rt, int x) {
  push_down(rt);
  if (L <= tree[rt].left && tree[rt].right <= R) {
    tree[rt].add += x;
    return;
  }
  int mid = tree[rt].mid;
  if (R <= mid)
    update(L, R, LC(rt), x);
  else if (L > mid)
    update(L, R, RC(rt), x);
  else {
    update(L, R, LC(rt), x);
    update(L, R, RC(rt), x);
  }
  push_up(rt);
}
int query(int L, int R, int rt) {
  push_down(rt);
  if (L <= tree[rt].left && tree[rt].right <= R)
    return tree[rt].val;
  int mid = tree[rt].mid, tmp;
  if (R <= mid)
    tmp = query(L, R, LC(rt));
  else if (L > mid)
    tmp = query(L, R, RC(rt));
  else
    tmp = min(query(L, R, LC(rt)), query(L, R, RC(rt)));
  return tmp;
}
void fix(set<int> &prev, set<int> &next, char before, int x) {
  prev.erase(x);
  next.insert(x);
  int p, b = (before == '(' ? -1 : 1);
  str[x] = (before == '(' ? ')' : '(');
  update(x, n - 1, 1, 2 * b);
  int l = 0, r = x;
  while (l < r) {
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    p = *next.lower_bound(mid);
    if (query(p, n - 1, 1) >= 2 * b)
      r = mid;
    else
      l = mid + 1;
  }
  p = *next.lower_bound(l);
  update(p, n - 1, 1, -2 * b);
  next.erase(p);
  prev.insert(p);
  str[p] = before;
  printf("%d\\n", p + 1);
}
int main(void) {
  while (scanf("%d%d", &n, &q) == 2) {
    scanf("%s", str);
    int x;
    set<int> left, right;
    prefix[0] = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
      if (str[i] == '(') {
        prefix[i + 1] = prefix[i] + 1;
        left.insert(i);
      } else {
        prefix[i + 1] = prefix[i] - 1;
        right.insert(i);
      }
    makeTree(0, n - 1, 1);
    for (int i = 0; i < q; ++i) {
      scanf("%d", &x);
      x--;
      if (str[x] == '(')
        fix(left, right, str[x], x);
      else if (str[x] == ')')
        fix(right, left, str[x], x);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

Error: 0

Fixed submission:

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#define MAXN 300010
using namespace std;
struct SegTree {
  int left, right, mid, val, add;
  SegTree() {}
} tree[MAXN << 1];
char str[MAXN];
int n, q, prefix[MAXN];
inline int LC(int x) { return x << 1; }
inline int RC(int x) { return x << 1 | 1; }
inline void push_down(int rt) {
  if (tree[rt].add == 0)
    return;
  tree[rt].val += tree[rt].add;
  if (tree[rt].left != tree[rt].right) {
    tree[LC(rt)].add += tree[rt].add;
    tree[RC(rt)].add += tree[rt].add;
  }
  tree[rt].add = 0;
}
inline void push_up(int rt) {
  tree[rt].val = min((tree[LC(rt)].val + tree[LC(rt)].add),
                     (tree[RC(rt)].val + tree[RC(rt)].add)) +
                 tree[rt].add;
}
void makeTree(int L, int R, int rt) {
  tree[rt].left = L;
  tree[rt].right = R;
  tree[rt].mid = (L + R) >> 1;
  tree[rt].add = 0;
  if (L == R) {
    tree[rt].val = prefix[L + 1];
    return;
  }
  int mid = tree[rt].mid;
  makeTree(L, mid, LC(rt));
  makeTree(mid + 1, R, RC(rt));
  push_up(rt);
}
void update(int L, int R, int rt, int x) {
  push_down(rt);
  if (L <= tree[rt].left && tree[rt].right <= R) {
    tree[rt].add += x;
    return;
  }
  int mid = tree[rt].mid;
  if (R <= mid)
    update(L, R, LC(rt), x);
  else if (L > mid)
    update(L, R, RC(rt), x);
  else {
    update(L, R, LC(rt), x);
    update(L, R, RC(rt), x);
  }
  push_up(rt);
}
int query(int L, int R, int rt) {
  push_down(rt);
  if (L <= tree[rt].left && tree[rt].right <= R)
    return tree[rt].val;
  int mid = tree[rt].mid, tmp;
  if (R <= mid)
    tmp = query(L, R, LC(rt));
  else if (L > mid)
    tmp = query(L, R, RC(rt));
  else
    tmp = min(query(L, R, LC(rt)), query(L, R, RC(rt)));
  return tmp;
}
void fix(set<int> &prev, set<int> &next, char before, int x) {
  prev.erase(x);
  next.insert(x);
  int p, b = (before == '(' ? -1 : 1);
  str[x] = (before == '(' ? ')' : '(');
  update(x, n - 1, 1, 2 * b);
  int l = 0, r = x;
  while (l < r) {
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    p = *next.lower_bound(mid);
    if (query(p, n - 1, 1) >= 2 * b)
      r = mid;
    else
      l = mid + 1;
  }
  p = *next.lower_bound(l);
  update(p, n - 1, 1, -2 * b);
  next.erase(p);
  prev.insert(p);
  str[p] = before;
  printf("%d\\n", p + 1);
}
int main(void) {
  while (scanf("%d%d", &n, &q) == 2) {
    scanf("%s", str);
    int x;
    set<int> left, right;
    prefix[0] = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
      if (str[i] == '(') {
        prefix[i + 1] = prefix[i] + 1;
        left.insert(i);
      } else {
        prefix[i + 1] = prefix[i] - 1;
        right.insert(i);
      }
    makeTree(0, n - 1, 1);
    for (int i = 0; i < q; ++i) {
      scanf("%d", &x);
      x--;
      if (str[x] == '(')
        fix(left, right, str[x], x);
      else if (str[x] == ')')
        fix(right, left, str[x], x);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}