Problem p01486 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Time Limit Exceeded

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <deque>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
using namespace placeholders;

typedef long long LL;
typedef unsigned long long ULL;
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef vector<vector<int>> VVI;
typedef vector<string> VS;
typedef stringstream SS;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef vector<pair<int, int>> VPII;
#define VT(T) vector<T>
#define VVT(T) vector<vector<T>>
#define LIM(T) numeric_limits<T>

template <typename T> inline istream &operator>>(istream &s, vector<T> &v) {
  for (T &t : v) {
    s >> t;
  }
  return s;
}
template <typename T>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &s, const vector<T> &v) {
  for (int i = 0; i < int(v.size()); ++i) {
    s << (" " + !i) << v[i];
  }
  return s;
}
template <typename T> inline T fromString(const string &s) {
  T res;
  istringstream iss(s);
  iss >> res;
  return res;
};
template <typename T> inline string toString(const T &a) {
  ostringstream oss;
  oss << a;
  return oss.str();
};

#define REP2(i, n) REP3(i, 0, n)
#define REP3(i, m, n) for (int i = (int)(m); i < (int)(n); ++i)
#define GET_REP(a, b, c, F, ...) F
#define REP(...) GET_REP(__VA_ARGS__, REP3, REP2)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define FOR(e, c) for (auto &e : c)
#define ALL(c) (c).begin(), (c).end()
#define AALL(a, t) (t *)a, (t *)a + sizeof(a) / sizeof(t)
#define DRANGE(c, p) (c).begin(), (c).begin() + p, (c).end()

#define SZ(v) ((int)(v).size())
#define PB push_back
#define EM emplace
#define EB emplace_back
#define BI back_inserter

#define EXIST(c, e) ((c).find(e) != (c).end())

#define MP make_pair
#define fst first
#define snd second

#define DUMP(x) cerr << #x << " = " << (x) << endl

string S;
int L;

int dp[512][512];

int solve(const int l, const int r) {
  int &res = dp[l][r];
  if (res != -1) {
    return res;
  }
  if (r <= l) {
    return res = 1;
  }
  if (S[l] != 'm' && S[r - 1] != 'w') {
    return res = 0;
  }

  REP(i, l + 1, r - 1) {
    if (S[i] == 'e' && solve(l + 1, i) && solve(i + 1, r - 1)) {
      return res = 1;
    }
  }
  return res = 0;
}

int main() {
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

  cin >> S;
  L = SZ(S);
  fill(AALL(dp, int), -1);

  cout << (solve(0, L) ? "Cat" : "Rabbit") << endl;

  return 0;
}

Error: TLE

Fixed submission:

#include <algorithm>
#include <cfloat>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

typedef long long LL;
typedef unsigned long long ULL;
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef vector<VI> VVI;
typedef vector<string> VS;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef vector<PII> VPII;
typedef istringstream ISS;
typedef ostringstream OSS;

#define REP(i, m, n) for (int i = (int)(m); i < (int)(n); ++i)
#define FOR(v, c) for (auto &v : c)
#define EACH(it, c) for (auto it = c.begin(); it != c.end(); ++it)
#define ALL(c) (c).begin(), (c).end()
#define DRANGE(c, p) (c).begin(), (c).begin() + p, (c).end()

#define PB(n) push_back(n)
#define MP(a, b) make_pair((a), (b))
#define EXIST(c, e) ((c).find(e) != (c).end())

#define fst first
#define snd second

#define DUMP(x) cerr << #x << " = " << (x) << endl
#define DEBUG(x)                                                               \\
  cerr << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << #x << " = " << (x) << endl

string str;
bool isCat(int s, int t) {
  if (s <= t && (str[s] != 'm' || str[t] != 'w')) {
    return false;
  }
  if (t <= s) {
    return true;
  }

  REP(i, s + 1, t) {
    if (str[i] != 'e') {
      continue;
    }
    if (isCat(s + 1, i - 1) && isCat(i + 1, t - 1)) {
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

int main() {
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

  cin >> str;
  cout << (isCat(0, str.size() - 1) ? "Cat" : "Rabbit") << endl;

  return 0;
}