Problem p02609 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Time Limit Exceeded

#include <algorithm>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <math.h>
#include <queue>
#include <random>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

template <class T> using V = vector<T>;

template <class T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
template <class T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

const long long INF = 1LL << 60;
const double pi = acos(-1);

using ll = long long;
using vll = V<ll>;
using vpll = V<pair<ll, ll>>;
using graph = V<V<int>>;

#define FOR(i, a, b) for (ll i = (a); i < (b); i++)
#define bgn begin()
#define en end()
#define SORT(a) sort((a).bgn, (a).en)
#define REV(a) reverse((a).bgn, (a).en)
#define fi first
#define se second
#define gcd(a, b) __gcd(a, b)
#define ALL(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()

const int MAX = 510000;
// change
const int MOD = 1000000007;

long long fac[MAX], finv[MAX], inv[MAX];

void Comuse() {
  fac[0] = fac[1] = 1;
  finv[0] = finv[1] = 1;
  inv[1] = 1;
  for (int i = 2; i < MAX; i++) {
    fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % MOD;
    inv[i] = MOD - inv[MOD % i] * (MOD / i) % MOD;
    finv[i] = finv[i - 1] * inv[i] % MOD;
  }
}

#define comuse Comuse()

ll combi(int n, int k) {
  if (n < k)
    return 0;
  if (n < 0 || k < 0)
    return 0;
  return fac[n] * (finv[k] * finv[n - k] % MOD) % MOD;
}

ll perm(int n, int k) {
  if (n < k)
    return 0;
  if (n < 0 || k < 0)
    return 0;
  return fac[n] * (finv[k] % MOD) % MOD;
}

ll modpow(ll a, ll n, ll mod) {
  ll ans = 1;
  while (n > 0) {
    if (n & 1) {
      ans = ans * a % mod;
    }

    a = a * a % mod;
    /*
    n>>=1;
    */
    n /= 2;
  }

  return ans;
}

ll modinv(ll a, ll mod) { return modpow(a, mod - 2, mod); }

ll modcombi(int n, int k, int mod) {
  ll ans = 1;
  for (ll i = n; i > n - k; i--) {
    ans *= i;
    ans %= mod;
  }
  for (ll i = 1; i <= k; i++) {
    ans *= modinv(i, mod);
    ans %= mod;
  }

  return ans;
}

ll lcm(ll a, ll b) {
  ll n;
  n = a / gcd(a, b) * b;
  return n;
}

vll div(ll n) {
  vll ret;
  for (ll i = 1; i * i <= n; i++) {
    if (n % i == 0) {
      ret.push_back(i);
      if (i * i != n) {
        ret.push_back(n / i);
      }
    }
  }
  SORT(ret);
  return (ret);
}

vector<bool> isprime(MAX + 100, true);

void primeuse() {
  isprime[0] = false;
  isprime[1] = false;
  for (int i = 2; i < MAX + 50; i++) {
    int up = sqrt(i) + 1;
    for (int j = 2; j < up; j++) {
      if (i % j == 0) {
        isprime[i] = false;
      }
    }
  }
}

void bf(ll n, string s) {
  for (ll i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cout << s;
  }
  cout << "\\n";
}

void Solve();

const int MAX_N = 131072;
// segment tree
int NN;
int seg[MAX_N * 2 - 1];
void seguse() {
  for (int i = 0; i < 2 * NN - 1; i++) {
    seg[i] = INT_MAX;
  }
}

signed main() {
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cout << setprecision(20) << fixed;
  Solve();
}

/****************************************\\
| Thank you for viewing my code:)        |
| Written by RedSpica a.k.a. RanseMirage |
| Twitter:@asakaakasaka                  |
\\****************************************/
// segtreeの葉の先頭の添え字はN-1
void Solve() {
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  string s;
  cin >> s;

  int count = 0;
  for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    if (s[i] == '1') {
      count++;
    }
  }
  int prep = 0; // count+1
  int prem = 0; // count-1

  int now = 1;
  for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    ll a = s[i] - '0';
    prep += now * a;
    prep %= (count + 1);
    now *= 2;
    now %= (count + 1);
  }
  now = 1;
  if (count > 1) {
    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      ll a = s[i] - '0';
      prem += now * a;
      prem %= (count - 1);
      now *= 2;
      now %= (count - 1);
    }
  }

  FOR(i, 0, n) {
    int x = 0;
    int ans = 1;
    if (s[i] == '0') {
      x = prep;
      x += modpow(2, n - 1 - i, count + 1);
      x %= (count + 1);
    }

    else if (count == 1 and s[i] == '1') {
      cout << "0\\n";
      continue;
    }

    else {
      x = prem;
      x -= modpow(2, n - 1 - i, count - 1);
      x += 2 * (count - 1);
      x %= (count - 1);
    }

    int past = x;
    int cnt = 0;
    while (past != 0) {
      cnt = 0;
      x = past;
      while (x != 0) {
        if (x % 2 == 1) {
          cnt++;
        }
        x /= 2;
      }
      if (cnt == 0) {
        ans++;
        break;
      }
      past = past % cnt;
      ans++;
    }

    cout << ans << "\\n";
  }
}

Error: TLE

Fixed submission:

#include <algorithm>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <math.h>
#include <queue>
#include <random>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

template <class T> using V = vector<T>;

template <class T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
template <class T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

const long long INF = 1LL << 60;
const double pi = acos(-1);

using ll = long long;
using vll = V<ll>;
using vpll = V<pair<ll, ll>>;
using graph = V<V<int>>;

#define FOR(i, a, b) for (ll i = (a); i < (b); i++)
#define bgn begin()
#define en end()
#define SORT(a) sort((a).bgn, (a).en)
#define REV(a) reverse((a).bgn, (a).en)
#define fi first
#define se second
#define gcd(a, b) __gcd(a, b)
#define ALL(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()

const int MAX = 510000;
// change
const int MOD = 1000000007;

long long fac[MAX], finv[MAX], inv[MAX];

void Comuse() {
  fac[0] = fac[1] = 1;
  finv[0] = finv[1] = 1;
  inv[1] = 1;
  for (int i = 2; i < MAX; i++) {
    fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % MOD;
    inv[i] = MOD - inv[MOD % i] * (MOD / i) % MOD;
    finv[i] = finv[i - 1] * inv[i] % MOD;
  }
}

#define comuse Comuse()

ll combi(int n, int k) {
  if (n < k)
    return 0;
  if (n < 0 || k < 0)
    return 0;
  return fac[n] * (finv[k] * finv[n - k] % MOD) % MOD;
}

ll perm(int n, int k) {
  if (n < k)
    return 0;
  if (n < 0 || k < 0)
    return 0;
  return fac[n] * (finv[k] % MOD) % MOD;
}

ll modpow(ll a, ll n, ll mod) {
  ll ans = 1;
  while (n > 0) {
    if (n & 1) {
      ans = ans * a % mod;
    }

    a = a * a % mod;
    /*
    n>>=1;
    */
    n /= 2;
  }

  return ans;
}

ll modinv(ll a, ll mod) { return modpow(a, mod - 2, mod); }

ll modcombi(int n, int k, int mod) {
  ll ans = 1;
  for (ll i = n; i > n - k; i--) {
    ans *= i;
    ans %= mod;
  }
  for (ll i = 1; i <= k; i++) {
    ans *= modinv(i, mod);
    ans %= mod;
  }

  return ans;
}

ll lcm(ll a, ll b) {
  ll n;
  n = a / gcd(a, b) * b;
  return n;
}

vll div(ll n) {
  vll ret;
  for (ll i = 1; i * i <= n; i++) {
    if (n % i == 0) {
      ret.push_back(i);
      if (i * i != n) {
        ret.push_back(n / i);
      }
    }
  }
  SORT(ret);
  return (ret);
}

vector<bool> isprime(MAX + 100, true);

void primeuse() {
  isprime[0] = false;
  isprime[1] = false;
  for (int i = 2; i < MAX + 50; i++) {
    int up = sqrt(i) + 1;
    for (int j = 2; j < up; j++) {
      if (i % j == 0) {
        isprime[i] = false;
      }
    }
  }
}

void bf(ll n, string s) {
  for (ll i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cout << s;
  }
  cout << "\\n";
}

void Solve();

const int MAX_N = 131072;
// segment tree
int NN;
int seg[MAX_N * 2 - 1];
void seguse() {
  for (int i = 0; i < 2 * NN - 1; i++) {
    seg[i] = INT_MAX;
  }
}

signed main() {
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cout << setprecision(20) << fixed;
  Solve();
}

/****************************************\\
| Thank you for viewing my code:)        |
| Written by RedSpica a.k.a. RanseMirage |
| Twitter:@asakaakasaka                  |
\\****************************************/
// segtreeの葉の先頭の添え字はN-1
void Solve() {
  ll n;
  cin >> n;
  string s;
  cin >> s;

  ll count = 0;
  for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    if (s[i] == '1') {
      count++;
    }
  }
  ll prep = 0; // count+1
  ll prem = 0; // count-1

  ll now = 1;
  for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    ll a = s[i] - '0';
    prep += now * a;
    prep %= (count + 1);
    now *= 2;
    now %= (count + 1);
  }
  now = 1;
  if (count > 1) {
    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      ll a = s[i] - '0';
      prem += now * a;
      prem %= (count - 1);
      now *= 2;
      now %= (count - 1);
    }
  }

  FOR(i, 0, n) {
    ll x = 0;
    ll ans = 1;
    if (s[i] == '0') {
      x = prep;
      x += modpow(2, n - 1 - i, count + 1);
      x %= (count + 1);
    } else if (count == 1 and s[i] == '1') {
      cout << "0\\n";
      continue;
    } else {
      x = prem;
      x -= modpow(2, n - 1 - i, count - 1);
      x += 2 * (count - 1);
      x %= (count - 1);
    }

    ll past = x;
    ll cnt = 0;
    while (past != 0) {
      x = past;
      while (x != 0) {
        if (x % 2 == 1) {
          cnt++;
        }
        x /= 2;
      }

      past = past % cnt;
      ans++;
    }

    cout << ans << "\\n";
  }
}