Problem p00068 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Runtime Error

#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <istream>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

#define vci vector<int>
#define vcs vector<string>
#define pb push_back
#define sz size()
#define mapii map<int, int>
#define mapci map<char, int>
#define mapsi map<string, int>
#define all(x) x.begin(), x.end()
#define minit(a, i) memset(a, i, sizeof(a));

#define for_(i, a, b) for (int i = (int)a; i < (int)b; i++)
#define for_d(i, a, b) for (int i = (int)a - 1; i >= b; i--)
#define for_r(i, a, b, c) for (int i = (int)a; i < (int)b; i += c)
#define for_dr(i, a, b, c) for (int i = (int)a - 1; i >= b; i -= c)
#define FOR(i, c)                                                              \\
  for (__typeof((c).begin()) i = (c).begin(); i != (c).end(); ++i)

typedef long long ll;
typedef double D;

const int iINF = 2147483647;
const ll lINF = 9223372036854775807;

template <class T> inline void dbg(T t) { cout << t << endl; }

// define eps
double EPS = 1e-10;

struct Point2D {
  double x, y;
  Point2D(double a = 0, double b = 0) : x(a), y(b) {}
};
typedef Point2D Vector2D;

// Point2D's and Vector2D's operator
Point2D operator+(Point2D a, Point2D b) {
  return Point2D(a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y);
}
Point2D operator-(Point2D a, Point2D b) {
  return Point2D(a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y);
}
Point2D operator*(Point2D a, double d) { return Point2D(a.x * d, a.y * d); }
Point2D operator/(Point2D a, double d) { return Point2D(a.x / d, a.y / d); }

bool operator<(const Point2D &a, const Point2D &b) {
  return a.x != b.x ? a.x < b.x : a.y < b.y;
}
bool operator>(const Point2D &a, const Point2D &b) {
  return b.x != a.x ? b.x < a.x : b.y < a.y;
}
bool operator==(const Point2D &a, const Point2D &b) {
  return fabs(a.x - b.x) < EPS && fabs(a.y - b.y) < EPS;
}

double norm(Point2D a) { return a.x * a.x + a.y * a.y; }
double dot2D(const Vector2D &a, const Vector2D &b) {
  return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y;
}
double cross2D(const Vector2D &a, const Vector2D &b) {
  return a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x;
}

// 点の進行方向	a -> b -> c
int ccw(Point2D a, Point2D b, Point2D c) {
  b = b - a;
  c = c - a;
  if (cross2D(b, c) > 0)
    return +1; // counter clockwise
  if (cross2D(b, c) < 0)
    return -1; // clockwise
  if (dot2D(b, c) < 0)
    return +2; // c--a--b on line
  if (norm(b) < norm(c))
    return -2; // a--b--c on line
  return 0;    //
}

vector<Point2D> convexHull(vector<Point2D> ps) {
  int n = (int)ps.size(), k = 0;
  sort(ps.begin(), ps.end());
  vector<Point2D> ch(2 * n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ch[k++] = ps[i++]) // lower-hull
    while (k >= 2 && ccw(ch[k - 2], ch[k - 1], ps[i]) <= 0)
      --k;
  for (int i = n - 2, t = k + 1; i >= 0; ch[k++] = ps[i--]) // upper-hull
    while (k >= t && ccw(ch[k - 2], ch[k - 1], ps[i]) <= 0)
      --k;
  ch.resize(k - 1);
  return ch;
}

int main() {
  int n;

  while (cin >> n) {
    if (n == 0)
      break;

    vector<Point2D> ps(n);

    for_(i, 0, n) {
      D x, y;
      scanf("%lf,%lf", &x, &y);
      ps[i].x = x;
      ps[i].y = y;
    }

    vector<Point2D> ch = convexHull(ps);
    int k = (int)ch.sz;

    cout << n - k << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

Error: -6
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::length_error'
  what():  vector::_M_default_append


Fixed submission:

#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <istream>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

#define vci vector<int>
#define vcs vector<string>
#define pb push_back
#define sz size()
#define mapii map<int, int>
#define mapci map<char, int>
#define mapsi map<string, int>
#define all(x) x.begin(), x.end()
#define minit(a, i) memset(a, i, sizeof(a));

#define for_(i, a, b) for (int i = (int)a; i < (int)b; i++)
#define for_d(i, a, b) for (int i = (int)a - 1; i >= b; i--)
#define for_r(i, a, b, c) for (int i = (int)a; i < (int)b; i += c)
#define for_dr(i, a, b, c) for (int i = (int)a - 1; i >= b; i -= c)
#define FOR(i, c)                                                              \\
  for (__typeof((c).begin()) i = (c).begin(); i != (c).end(); ++i)

typedef long long ll;
typedef double D;

const int iINF = 2147483647;
const ll lINF = 9223372036854775807;

template <class T> inline void dbg(T t) { cout << t << endl; }

// define eps
double EPS = 1e-10;

struct Point2D {
  double x, y;
  Point2D(double a = 0, double b = 0) : x(a), y(b) {}
};
typedef Point2D Vector2D;

// Point2D's and Vector2D's operator
Point2D operator+(Point2D a, Point2D b) {
  return Point2D(a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y);
}
Point2D operator-(Point2D a, Point2D b) {
  return Point2D(a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y);
}
Point2D operator*(Point2D a, double d) { return Point2D(a.x * d, a.y * d); }
Point2D operator/(Point2D a, double d) { return Point2D(a.x / d, a.y / d); }

bool operator<(const Point2D &a, const Point2D &b) {
  return a.x != b.x ? a.x < b.x : a.y < b.y;
}
bool operator>(const Point2D &a, const Point2D &b) {
  return b.x != a.x ? b.x < a.x : b.y < a.y;
}
bool operator==(const Point2D &a, const Point2D &b) {
  return fabs(a.x - b.x) < EPS && fabs(a.y - b.y) < EPS;
}

double norm(Point2D a) { return a.x * a.x + a.y * a.y; }
double dot2D(const Vector2D &a, const Vector2D &b) {
  return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y;
}
double cross2D(const Vector2D &a, const Vector2D &b) {
  return a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x;
}

// 点の進行方向	a -> b -> c
int ccw(Point2D a, Point2D b, Point2D c) {
  b = b - a;
  c = c - a;
  if (cross2D(b, c) > 0)
    return +1; // counter clockwise
  if (cross2D(b, c) < 0)
    return -1; // clockwise
  if (dot2D(b, c) < 0)
    return +2; // c--a--b on line
  if (norm(b) < norm(c))
    return -2; // a--b--c on line
  return 0;    //
}

vector<Point2D> convexHull(vector<Point2D> ps) {
  int n = (int)ps.size(), k = 0;
  sort(ps.begin(), ps.end());
  vector<Point2D> ch(2 * n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ch[k++] = ps[i++]) // lower-hull
    while (k >= 2 && ccw(ch[k - 2], ch[k - 1], ps[i]) <= 0)
      --k;
  for (int i = n - 2, t = k + 1; i >= 0; ch[k++] = ps[i--]) // upper-hull
    while (k >= t && ccw(ch[k - 2], ch[k - 1], ps[i]) <= 0)
      --k;
  ch.resize(k - 1);
  return ch;
}

int main() {
  int n;

  while (cin >> n) {
    vector<Point2D> ps(n);

    for_(i, 0, n) {
      D x, y;
      scanf("%lf,%lf", &x, &y);
      ps[i].x = x;
      ps[i].y = y;
    }

    vector<Point2D> ch = convexHull(ps);
    int k = (int)ch.sz;

    cout << n - k << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}