Problem p02540 (C++) — buggy submission, verdict: Time Limit Exceeded

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i, n) for (ll i = 0; i < n; i++)
#define repl(i, l, r) for (ll i = (l); i < (r); i++)
#define per(i, n) for (ll i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
#define perl(i, r, l) for (ll i = r - 1; i >= l; i--)
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb push_back
#define ins insert
#define pqueue(x) priority_queue<x, vector<x>, greater<x>>
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define CST(x) cout << fixed << setprecision(x)
#define rev(x) reverse(x);
using ll = long long;
using vl = vector<ll>;
using vvl = vector<vector<ll>>;
using pl = pair<ll, ll>;
using vpl = vector<pl>;
using vvpl = vector<vpl>;
const ll MOD = 1000000007;
const ll MOD9 = 998244353;
const int inf = 1e9 + 10;
const ll INF = 4e18;
const ll dy[9] = {1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1, 0};
const ll dx[9] = {0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 0};
template <class T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
template <class T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

template <class T> class SegTree {
  int n;                       // 葉の数
  vector<T> data;              // データを格納するvector
  T def;                       // 初期値かつ単位元
  function<T(T, T)> operation; // 区間クエリで使う処理
  function<T(T, T)> update;    // 点更新で使う処理

  T find(int a, int b) {
    T val_left = def, val_right = def;
    for (a += (n - 1), b += (n - 1); a < b; a >>= 1, b >>= 1) {
      if ((a & 1) == 0) {
        val_left = operation(val_left, data[a]);
      }
      if ((b & 1) == 0) {
        val_right = operation(data[--b], val_right);
      }
    }
    return operation(val_left, val_right);
  }

public:
  // _n:必要サイズ, _def:初期値かつ単位元, _operation:クエリ関数,
  // _update:更新関数
  SegTree(
      size_t _n, T _def, function<T(T, T)> _operation,
      function<T(T, T)> _update = [](T a, T b) { return b; })
      : def(_def), operation(_operation), update(_update) {
    n = 1;
    while (n < _n) {
      n *= 2;
    }
    data = vector<T>(2 * n - 1, def);
  }
  void set(int i, T x) { data[i + n - 1] = x; }
  void build() {
    for (int k = n - 2; k >= 0; k--)
      data[k] = operation(data[2 * k + 1], data[2 * k + 2]);
  }
  // 場所i(0-indexed)の値をxで更新
  void change(int i, T x) {
    i += n - 1;
    data[i] = update(data[i], x);
    while (i > 0) {
      i = (i - 1) / 2;
      data[i] = operation(data[i * 2 + 1], data[i * 2 + 2]);
    }
  }

  // [a, b)の区間クエリを実行
  T query(int a, int b) {
    // return _query(a, b, 0, 0, n);
    return find(a, b);
  }

  // 添字でアクセス
  T operator[](int i) { return data[i + n - 1]; }
};

struct UnionFind {
  vector<int> par;

  UnionFind(int n) : par(n, -1) {}

  int root(int x) {
    if (par[x] < 0)
      return x;
    else
      return par[x] = root(par[x]);
  }

  bool same(int x, int y) { return root(x) == root(y); }

  bool merge(int x, int y) {
    x = root(x);
    y = root(y);
    if (x == y)
      return false;
    if (par[x] > par[y])
      swap(x, y);
    par[x] += par[y];
    par[y] = x;
    return true;
  }

  int size(int x) { return -par[root(x)]; }
};

int main() {
  ll n;
  cin >> n;
  vpl z(n);
  vl ex(n);
  rep(i, n) {
    ll a, b;
    cin >> a >> b;
    a--;
    b--;
    z[i] = {a, b};
    ex[i] = a;
  }
  sort(all(z));
  UnionFind uf(n);
  set<pl> valid;
  rep(i, n) {
    set<pl> con;
    for (auto p : valid) {
      if (p.fi < z[i].se) {
        uf.merge(p.se, i);
        con.ins(p);
      } else
        break;
    }
    valid.ins({z[i].se, i});
    con.ins({z[i].se, i});
    con.erase(*con.begin());
    for (auto p : con) {
      valid.erase(p);
    }
  }
  rep(i, n) { cout << uf.size(ex[i]) << endl; }
}


Error: TLE

Fixed submission:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i, n) for (ll i = 0; i < n; i++)
#define repl(i, l, r) for (ll i = (l); i < (r); i++)
#define per(i, n) for (ll i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
#define perl(i, r, l) for (ll i = r - 1; i >= l; i--)
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb push_back
#define ins insert
#define pqueue(x) priority_queue<x, vector<x>, greater<x>>
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define CST(x) cout << fixed << setprecision(x)
#define rev(x) reverse(x);
using ll = long long;
using vl = vector<ll>;
using vvl = vector<vector<ll>>;
using pl = pair<ll, ll>;
using vpl = vector<pl>;
using vvpl = vector<vpl>;
const ll MOD = 1000000007;
const ll MOD9 = 998244353;
const int inf = 1e9 + 10;
const ll INF = 4e18;
const ll dy[9] = {1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1, 0};
const ll dx[9] = {0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 0};
template <class T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}
template <class T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

template <class T> class SegTree {
  int n;                       // 葉の数
  vector<T> data;              // データを格納するvector
  T def;                       // 初期値かつ単位元
  function<T(T, T)> operation; // 区間クエリで使う処理
  function<T(T, T)> update;    // 点更新で使う処理

  T find(int a, int b) {
    T val_left = def, val_right = def;
    for (a += (n - 1), b += (n - 1); a < b; a >>= 1, b >>= 1) {
      if ((a & 1) == 0) {
        val_left = operation(val_left, data[a]);
      }
      if ((b & 1) == 0) {
        val_right = operation(data[--b], val_right);
      }
    }
    return operation(val_left, val_right);
  }

public:
  // _n:必要サイズ, _def:初期値かつ単位元, _operation:クエリ関数,
  // _update:更新関数
  SegTree(
      size_t _n, T _def, function<T(T, T)> _operation,
      function<T(T, T)> _update = [](T a, T b) { return b; })
      : def(_def), operation(_operation), update(_update) {
    n = 1;
    while (n < _n) {
      n *= 2;
    }
    data = vector<T>(2 * n - 1, def);
  }
  void set(int i, T x) { data[i + n - 1] = x; }
  void build() {
    for (int k = n - 2; k >= 0; k--)
      data[k] = operation(data[2 * k + 1], data[2 * k + 2]);
  }
  // 場所i(0-indexed)の値をxで更新
  void change(int i, T x) {
    i += n - 1;
    data[i] = update(data[i], x);
    while (i > 0) {
      i = (i - 1) / 2;
      data[i] = operation(data[i * 2 + 1], data[i * 2 + 2]);
    }
  }

  // [a, b)の区間クエリを実行
  T query(int a, int b) {
    // return _query(a, b, 0, 0, n);
    return find(a, b);
  }

  // 添字でアクセス
  T operator[](int i) { return data[i + n - 1]; }
};

struct UnionFind {
  vector<int> par;

  UnionFind(int n) : par(n, -1) {}

  int root(int x) {
    if (par[x] < 0)
      return x;
    else
      return par[x] = root(par[x]);
  }

  bool same(int x, int y) { return root(x) == root(y); }

  bool merge(int x, int y) {
    x = root(x);
    y = root(y);
    if (x == y)
      return false;
    if (par[x] > par[y])
      swap(x, y);
    par[x] += par[y];
    par[y] = x;
    return true;
  }

  int size(int x) { return -par[root(x)]; }
};

int main() {
  ll n;
  cin >> n;
  vpl z(n);
  vl ex(n);
  rep(i, n) {
    ll a, b;
    cin >> a >> b;
    a--;
    b--;
    z[i] = {a, b};
    ex[i] = a;
  }
  sort(all(z));
  UnionFind uf(n);
  set<pl> valid;
  rep(i, n) {
    set<pl> con;
    for (auto p : valid) {
      if (p.fi < z[i].se) {
        uf.merge(p.se, i);
        con.ins(p);
      }
    }
    valid.ins({z[i].se, i});
    con.ins({z[i].se, i});
    con.erase(*con.begin());
    for (auto p : con) {
      valid.erase(p);
    }
  }
  rep(i, n) { cout << uf.size(ex[i]) << endl; }
}