Forum: ell.stackexchange.com
Tags: <grammar><cleft-constructions>
Title: Correctness of "It is rarely that + [clause]"?
Question: It is rarely that police arrest people without adequate suspicion.   I suppose it means that:   The police rarely arrest people without adequate suspicion.   but I couldn't find this in my grammar book.  Is this sentence pattern possible?

Answers:
sents: text: IMO It is rare that police arrest people without adequate suspicion.
text: OR Police rarely arrest people without adequate suspicion.
text: The adverb rarely generally modifies a verb or a form of a verb, as in: We rarely walk.
text: We prefer to take a car .
answer_details: author: ell.stackexchange.com/users/3187/Maulik V
score: 5
sents: text: As this NGram shows, OP's specific construction is rarely used these days...
text: My guess is that many of the (relatively few) instances in recent decades will either be citing older texts, or they'll be things like [but]
text: it is rarely that [simple] , which isn't quite the same usage.
text: The adverb/adjective issue is a sterile debate.
text: Indeed, as OED specifically says under rarely (phrase)... it is (very) rarely that : = it is (very) rare that Having said that, as the above chart implies, and this one makes crystal clear you should stick to the more "regular" adjectival form in this specific construction today.
text: A similar usage shift involving adverb/adjective forms has occurred with it is well that vs it is good
text: that .
text: It's not that the older form was (or even, is ) "wrong".
text: It's just gradually fallen out of favour
answer_details: author: ell.stackexchange.com/users/126/FumbleFingers Reinstate Monica
score: 5
sents: text: The sentence: It is rarely that police arrest people without adequate suspicion.
text: is an example of it-cleft .
text: Clefting is a construction by which a single sentence is broken up into two clauses so that the clause moved to the front receives more emphasis.
text: Let's see how it works in your example: Police rarely arrest people without adequate suspicion. and imagine we wish to emphasize how rarely this happens, then we would write:
text: It is rarely that police arrest people without adequate suspicion.
text: Imagine, however, that we want to emphasize people without adequate suspicion , then we would write:
text: It is people without adequate suspicion that police rarely arrest.
text: Regardless of the explanation above, as Fumble Fingers clearly shows, you're better off if you stick with:
text: It is rare that police arrest people without adequate suspicion.
text: More on the grammar regarding this question can be found here at ELU.
answer_details: author: ell.stackexchange.com/users/4559/Nico
score: 3
sents: text: We have two rules of grammar that can apply here.
text: The first is that an adverb modifies a verb, and to be is a verb.
text: The second is that a "predicate adjective" can modify a subject, using a "linking verb" such as "be" (feel, look, seem, appear, etc. would be other examples).
text: Since both rules can apply, which one is actually applied is a matter of habit and/or style, and therefore a challenge for a non-native speaker.
text: As FumbleFingers has touched upon with one of his examples, it would seem that we are moving from using the first rule to the second one.
text: It would also seem that we haven't quite moved all the way there yet.
text: For example, "the pie tasted well" is quite old-fashioned by now, having been pretty much entirely replaced with "the pie tasted good" in the 20th century.
text: On the other hand, "I don't feel good" and "I don't feel well
text: " both occur regularly, while "I feel good" is much more common than "I feel well."
text: Furthermore, "I feel poorly" is a midwest-US colloquialism, meaning the same as "I don't feel well".
text: ("I feel poor" would have the unrelated meaning that the person didn't feel rich.)
text: So, clearly, there's an inconsistency in usage.
text: Clearly "it is rarely that" is antiquated.
text: However, it is well/good to keep in mind that if another noun is provided for the verb to act upon, the adjective will revert to an adverb: It is rarely the case that police arrest people without adequate suspicion.
text: One further point is to avoid confusing action verbs with linking verbs, and thereby using adjectives where adverbs belong.
text: These are all considered incorrect grammar (although they are often used, especially in the US):
text: I don't hear good.
text: I don't see good.
text: I did good on my exam.
answer_details: author: ell.stackexchange.com/users/1883/BobRodes
score: 3
sents: text: It is rarely that police arrest people without adequate suspicion.
text: This is a it-cleft sentence, and it applies a stress on the rare occasion of police arresting people without adequate suspicion.
text: In other word, without giving any stress it could be written like this - Police rarely arrest people without adequate suspicion.
text: In this sentence rarely is an adjunct.
text: It's a frequency adjunct.
text: We can consider it as a form of time adjunct.
text: And so it can correctly occur in the focus position of an it-cleft sentence.
text: Hence the following sentence is correct - It's (very) rarely that police arrest people without adequate suspicion.
text: (OED has an entry for
text: it's (very) rarely that... )
text: An adverbial can be divided into four categories - adjunct , subjunct , disjunct and conjunct .
text: But it's only the adjunct , and not other adverbials, that can occur in the focus position of an it-cleft sentence.
text: In negative or interrogative all adjunct can occur in the focus position of an it-cleft sentence.
text: But in positive sentence not all adjuncts can occur in the focus position.
text: Some need modifiers, and some can occupy the position without the use of any modifiers.
text: It's the manner adjunct and degree adjuncts that takes modifiers - It was very carefully that John cut the cake.
text: It was carefully that John cut the cake [INCORRECT]
text: The time and place adjuncts can occur in that position without the help of any modifiers.
text: It's frequently that he looses money.
text: It's very frequently that he looses money.
text: [I will try to update it later with more info]
answer_details: author: ell.stackexchange.com/users/3463/Man_From_India
score: 1

Summary of the answers:
One might say "It is  rare  that police arrest people without adequate suspicion" OR "Police  rarely  arrest people without adequate suspicion". The adverb  "rarely"  generally modifies a verb or a form of a verb, as in:  We rarely walk.
Rarely' can act as a modifier, as can 'it is rare'.