question: The supreme court case pollock vs farmers loan & trust började när?
answers.text: 1895
context: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
  Pollock mot Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
  
  
  
  
  
  Förenta staternas högsta domstol
  
  
  
  Förhandlingar 7-8 mars, 11-13 mars 1895
  Avgjordes den 8 april 1895
  
  
  Fullständigt namn på målet
  Charles Pollock mot Farmers' Loan and Trust Company
  
  
  Hänvisningar
  157 U.S. 429 (mer)
  15 S. Ct. 673; 39 L. Ed. 759; 1895 U.S. LEXIS 2215; 3 A.F.T.R. (P-H) 2557
  
  
  
  Tidigare historia
  Överklagande från Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.
  
  
  Hållande
  
  
  De ofördelade inkomstskatter på räntor, utdelningar och hyror som infördes genom 1894 års inkomstskattelag var i praktiken direkta skatter och var grundlagsstridiga eftersom de stred mot regeln om att direkta skatter ska fördelas.
  
  
  Domstolens sammansättning
  
  
  
  
  Chefsdomare
  Melville Fuller
  Biträdande domare
  Stephen J. Field - John M. Harlan
  Horace Gray - David J. Brewer
  Henry B. Brown - George Shiras Jr.
  Howell E. Jackson - Edward D. White
  
  
  
  
  Fallutlåtanden
  
  
  Majoritet
  Fuller, med instämmande av Field, Gray, Brewer, Shiras
  
  
  Avvikande åsikt
  White, tillsammans med Harlan
  
  
  Avvikande åsikt
  Harlan
  
  
  Avvikande mening
  Brown
  
  
  Dissensus
  Jackson
  
  
  
  Ersatt av
  
  
  
  USA:s stadga ändras. XVI (delvis)
  
  
  
  Överröstad av
  
  
  
  South Carolina mot Baker, 485 U.S. 505 (1988) (delvis)
answers_en.text: 1895
context_en: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
  
  
  
  
  
  Supreme Court of the United States
  
  
  
  Argued March 7–8, 11–13, 1895
  Decided April 8, 1895
  
  
  Full case name
  Charles Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company
  
  
  Citations
  157 U.S. 429 (more)
  15 S. Ct. 673; 39 L. Ed. 759; 1895 U.S. LEXIS 2215; 3 A.F.T.R. (P-H) 2557
  
  
  
  Prior history
  Appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York
  
  
  Holding
  
  
  The unapportioned income taxes on interest, dividends and rents imposed by the Income Tax Act of 1894 were, in effect, direct taxes, and were unconstitutional because they violated the rule that direct taxes be apportioned.
  
  
  Court membership
  
  
  
  
  Chief Justice
  Melville Fuller
  Associate Justices
  Stephen J. Field · John M. Harlan
  Horace Gray · David J. Brewer
  Henry B. Brown · George Shiras Jr.
  Howell E. Jackson · Edward D. White
  
  
  
  
  Case opinions
  
  
  Majority
  Fuller, joined by Field, Gray, Brewer, Shiras
  
  
  Dissent
  White, joined by Harlan
  
  
  Dissent
  Harlan
  
  
  Dissent
  Brown
  
  
  Dissent
  Jackson
  
  
  
  Superseded by
  
  
  
  U.S. Const. amend. XVI (in part)
  
  
  
  Overruled by
  
  
  
  South Carolina v. Baker, 485 U.S. 505 (1988) (in part)
title_en: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.