question: Hvem bliver anset for at være stamfaderen til moderne eksperimentel videnskab?
answers.text: Galileo Galilei
context: List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field
  Område
  Person(er)
  betragtes som "far" eller "mor"
  Begrundelse
  
  
  Akustik
  Ernst Chladni
  For vigtig forskning i vibrerende plader
  
  
  Atombombe
  Enrico Fermi
  J. Robert Oppenheimer
  Leslie Groves
  Edward Teller
  For deres rolle i Manhattan-projektet
  
  
  Aerodynamik
  Nikolai Zhukovsky
  George Cayley
  Zhukovsky var den første til at studere luftstrømmen og var den første ingeniør, der matematisk forklarede oprindelsen af aerodynamisk løft. Cayley undersøgte de teoretiske aspekter af flyvning og eksperimenterede med flyvning et århundrede før det første fly blev bygget.
  
  
  Fysisk kosmologi
  Albert Einstein (grundlægger)
  Henrietta Leavitt (mor)
  Edwin Hubble (far)
  
  Leavitt opdagede cepheidvariabler, "standardlyset", hvormed Hubble senere bestemte galaktiske afstande. Einsteins generelle relativitetsteori er normalt anerkendt som det teoretiske fundament for moderne kosmologi.
  
  
  Klassisk mekanik
  Isaac Newton (grundlægger)
  Beskrev bevægelseslove og tyngdeloven i Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)
  
  
  Elektricitet
  William Gilbert
  Michael Faraday
  Bog: De Magnete (1600)
  Opdagede elektromagnetisk induktion (1831)
  
  
  Elektrodynamik
  André-Marie Ampère
  Bog: Memoirer om den matematiske teori om elektrodynamiske fænomener, der er enestående udledt af erfaringen (1827)
  
  
  Energetik
  Willard Gibbs
  Udgivelse: (1876)
  
  
  Eksperimentel fysik (stifter)
  Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)
  For at have indført den eksperimentelle metode i fysikken med sin bog om optik (1021)
  
  
  Moderne astronomi
  Nicolaus Kopernikus
  Udviklede den første eksplicitte heliocentriske model i De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543)
  
  
  Kernefysik
  Ernest Rutherford
  Udviklede Rutherford-atommodellen (1909)
  
  
  Kernevidenskab
  Marie Curie
  Pierre Curie
  
  
  
  Optik
  Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)
  Forklarede korrekt synet og udførte de første eksperimenter om lys og optik i Optikbogen (1021).
  
  
  Fysik (tidligt)
  Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)
  Francis Bacon
  Alhazen udviklede strenge eksperimentelle metoder til kontrolleret videnskabelig afprøvning for at verificere teoretiske hypoteser og underbygge induktive formodninger.
  Udviklede den baconiske metode i sin Novum Organum (1620).
  
  
  
  Fysik (moderne)
  Galileo Galilei
  Hans udvikling og omfattende brug af eksperimentel fysik, f.eks. teleskopet
  
  
  Plasmafysik
  Irving Langmuir
  Hannes Alfvén
  Langmuir beskrev først ioniseret gas som plasma og observerede grundlæggende plasmaskibrationer, Langmuir-bølger.
  Alfvén var banebrydende i den teoretiske beskrivelse af plasma ved at udvikle magnetohydrodynamikken.
  
  
  Kvantemekanik
  Max Planck (grundlægger)
  Werner Heisenberg
  fastslog, at elektromagnetisk energi kun kunne udsendes i kvantiseret form
  
  
  Relativitetsteori
  Albert Einstein (grundlægger)
  Var banebrydende for den specielle relativitetsteori (1905) og den generelle relativitetsteori (1915)
  
  
  Rumflyvning (raketflyvning)
  Robert Hutchings Goddard
  Konstantin Tsiolkovskij
  Hermann Oberth
  Goddard opsendte den første raket med flydende brændstof.
  Tsiolkovsky skabte Tsiolkovsky-raketligningen.
  
  
  Termodynamik
  Sadi Carnot (grundlægger)
  Udgivelse: Om ilds drivkraft og maskiner, der er egnet til at udvikle denne kraft (1824)
answers_en.text: Galileo Galilei
context_en: List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field
  Field
  Person/s
  considered "father" or "mother"
  Rationale
  
  
  Acoustics
  Ernst Chladni
  For important research in vibrating plates
  
  
  Atomic bomb
  Enrico Fermi
  J. Robert Oppenheimer
  Leslie Groves
  Edward Teller
  For their role in the Manhattan Project
  
  
  Aerodynamics
  Nikolai Zhukovsky
  George Cayley
  Zhukovsky was the first to undertake the study of airflow, was the first engineer scientist to explain mathematically the origin of aerodynamic lift. Cayley Investigated theoretical aspects of flight and experimented with flight a century before the first airplane was built
  
  
  Physical cosmology
  Albert Einstein (founder)
  Henrietta Leavitt (mother)
  Edwin Hubble (father)
  
  Leavitt discovered Cepheid variables, the "Standard Candle" by which Hubble later determined galactic distances. Einstein's general theory of relativity is usually recognized as the theoretic foundation of modern cosmology.
  
  
  Classical mechanics
  Isaac Newton (founder)
  Described laws of motion and law of gravity in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)
  
  
  Electricity
  William Gilbert
  Michael Faraday
  Book: De Magnete (1600)
  Discovered electromagnetic induction (1831)
  
  
  Electrodynamics
  André-Marie Ampère
  Book: Memoir on the Mathematical Theory of Electrodynamic Phenomena, Uniquely Deduced from Experience (1827)
  
  
  Energetics
  Willard Gibbs
  Publication: On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances (1876)
  
  
  Experimental physics (founder)
  Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)
  For introducing experimental method into physics with his Book of Optics (1021)
  
  
  Modern astronomy
  Nicolaus Copernicus
  Developed the first explicit heliocentric model in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543)
  
  
  Nuclear physics
  Ernest Rutherford
  Developed the Rutherford atom model (1909)
  
  
  Nuclear science
  Marie Curie
  Pierre Curie
  
  
  
  Optics
  Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)
  Correctly explained vision and carried out the first experiments on light and optics in the Book of Optics (1021).
  
  
  Physics (early)
  Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)
  Francis Bacon
  Alhazen developed rigorous experimental methods of controlled scientific testing to verify theoretical hypotheses and substantiate inductive conjectures.
  Developed Baconian method in his Novum Organum (1620).
  
  
  
  Physics (modern)
  Galileo Galilei
  His development and extensive use of experimental physics, e.g. the telescope
  
  
  Plasma physics
  Irving Langmuir
  Hannes Alfvén
  Langmuir first described ionised gas as plasma and observed fundamental plasma vibrations, Langmuir waves.
  Alfvén pioneered the theoretical description of plasma by developing magnetohydrodynamics.
  
  
  Quantum mechanics
  Max Planck (founder)
  Werner Heisenberg
  Stated that electromagnetic energy could be emitted only in quantized form
  
  
  Relativity
  Albert Einstein (founder)
  Pioneered special relativity (1905) and general relativity (1915)
  
  
  Spaceflight (rocketry)
  Robert Hutchings Goddard
  Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
  Hermann Oberth
  Goddard launched the first liquid-fueled rocket.
  Tsiolkovsky created the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation.
  
  
  Thermodynamics
  Sadi Carnot (founder)
  Publication: On the Motive Power of Fire and Machines Fitted to Develop that Power (1824)
title_en: List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field