question: Supreme court sag pollock vs landmænd loan & trust begyndte, da?
answers.text: 1895
context: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
  
  
  
  
  
  De Forenede Staters Højesteret
  
  
  
  Forhandlet den 7-8 marts, 11-13 marts 1895
  Afgjort den 8. april 1895
  
  
  Fuldt navn på sagen
  Charles Pollock mod Farmers' Loan and Trust Company
  
  
  Citater
  157 U.S. 429 (mere)
  15 S. Ct. 673; 39 L. Ed. 759; 1895 U.S. LEXIS 2215; 3 A.F.T.T.R. (P-H) 2557
  
  
  
  Forhistorie
  Appel fra Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York
  
  
  Holding
  
  
  De ikke-fordelte indkomstskatter på renter, udbytter og leje, der blev indført ved loven om indkomstskat af 1894, var i realiteten direkte skatter og var forfatningsstridige, fordi de var i strid med reglen om, at direkte skatter skal fordeles.
  
  
  Rettens medlemskab
  
  
  
  
  Overdommer
  Melville Fuller
  Medfølgende dommere
  Stephen J. Field - John M. Harlan
  Horace Gray - David J. Brewer
  Henry B. Brown - George Shiras Jr.
  Howell E. Jackson - Edward D. White
  
  
  
  
  Case udtalelser
  
  
  Flertallet
  Fuller, støttet af Field, Gray, Brewer, Shiras
  
  
  Uenighed
  White, støttet af Harlan
  
  
  Uenighed
  Harlan
  
  
  Uenighed
  Brown
  
  
  Uenighed
  Jackson
  
  
  
  Erstattet af
  
  
  
  U.S. Const. amend. XVI (delvist)
  
  
  
  Ophævet af
  
  
  
  South Carolina v. Baker, 485 U.S. 505 (1988) (delvist)
answers_en.text: 1895
context_en: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
  
  
  
  
  
  Supreme Court of the United States
  
  
  
  Argued March 7–8, 11–13, 1895
  Decided April 8, 1895
  
  
  Full case name
  Charles Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company
  
  
  Citations
  157 U.S. 429 (more)
  15 S. Ct. 673; 39 L. Ed. 759; 1895 U.S. LEXIS 2215; 3 A.F.T.R. (P-H) 2557
  
  
  
  Prior history
  Appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York
  
  
  Holding
  
  
  The unapportioned income taxes on interest, dividends and rents imposed by the Income Tax Act of 1894 were, in effect, direct taxes, and were unconstitutional because they violated the rule that direct taxes be apportioned.
  
  
  Court membership
  
  
  
  
  Chief Justice
  Melville Fuller
  Associate Justices
  Stephen J. Field · John M. Harlan
  Horace Gray · David J. Brewer
  Henry B. Brown · George Shiras Jr.
  Howell E. Jackson · Edward D. White
  
  
  
  
  Case opinions
  
  
  Majority
  Fuller, joined by Field, Gray, Brewer, Shiras
  
  
  Dissent
  White, joined by Harlan
  
  
  Dissent
  Harlan
  
  
  Dissent
  Brown
  
  
  Dissent
  Jackson
  
  
  
  Superseded by
  
  
  
  U.S. Const. amend. XVI (in part)
  
  
  
  Overruled by
  
  
  
  South Carolina v. Baker, 485 U.S. 505 (1988) (in part)
title_en: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.