aletrn/wiktionary huggingface dataset:
swap (English, verb)
Pronunciation: enpr: swŏp
note: Indic, spelling pronunciation
ipa: /swæp/
rhymes: -æp
Etymology: From Middle English swappen (“to swap”), originally meaning "to hurl" or "to strike", the word alludes to striking hands together when making an exchange; probably from Old English *swappian, a secondary form of Old English swāpan (“to swoop”). Cognate with German schwappen (“to slosh, slop”). Compare also Middle English swippen (“to strike, hit”), from Old English swipian (“to scourge, strike, beat, lash”), Old Norse svipa (“to swoop, flash, whip, look after, look around”). More at swipe.
Definitions: examples: text: In an effort to provide more permanent accommodations, employers may offer employees the opportunity either to swap jobs with a colleague or to transfer to a new position.
ref: 1998, Michael Wolf with Bruce Friedman and Daniel Sutherland, Religion in the workplace, page 98:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 111
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text: Chief watched these goings-on without pleasure, and waved them off in disgust when the smarmiest of the two suggested he might wish to swap that elk's tooth for this jug of fine rye whiskey.
ref: 2007, Lloyd Zimpel, A Season of Fire and Ice:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 135
139
text: The Shah wanted to swap oil for more arms.
ref: 2011, Andrew Scott Cooper, The Oil Kings: How the U.S., Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East, page 253:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 19
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synonyms: exchange
switch
trade
glosses: To exchange or give (something) in an exchange (for something else).
tags: transitive
examples: text: And he whipped his sword out of its scabbard, and swapped off the pudding from the black knight's nose. Unfortunately (for him) he swapped off a good bit of the nose, too.
ref: 1954, Edward Eager, Half Magic:
type: quote
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131
138
text: "Maybe Apes will grow honest, Sister," said Edmund. "But, by the Lion, if he breaks it again, it may be in such time and place that any of us could swap off his head in clean battle."
ref: 1954, C. S. Lewis, The Horse and His Boy:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 148
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glosses: To hit, to strike.
tags: obsolete
transitive
glosses: To beat the air, or ply the wings, with a sweeping motion or noise; to flap.
tags: obsolete
transitive
glosses: To descend or fall; to rush hastily or violently.
tags: intransitive
obsolete
Forms: form: swaps
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: swapping
tags: participle
present
form: swapped
tags: participle
past
form: swapped
tags: past
form: swop
tags: alternative
Synonyms: sense: exchange or give (something) in exchange for
word: interchange
word: switch
sense: hit, strike
word: bang
word: knock
word: tap
sense: beat the air
word: flap
sense: rush hastily
word: fly
word: speed
word: zoom
Hyponyms: sense: exchange or give (something) in exchange for
word: hot-swap
sense: exchange or give (something) in exchange for
word: swap in
sense: exchange or give (something) in exchange for
word: swap out
Derived terms: face-swap
swap horses in midstream
swap over
swap places
swap spit
swap (English, noun)
Pronunciation: enpr: swŏp
note: Indic, spelling pronunciation
ipa: /swæp/
rhymes: -æp
Etymology: From the verb swap. First attested in 1620.
Definitions: examples: text: I e’en changed it, as occasion served, with the skippers o’ Dutch luggers and French vessels, for gin and brandy[…] a gude swap too, between what cheereth the soul of man and that which dingeth it clean out of his body
ref: 1819, Sir Walter Scott, Tales of My Landlord, The Bride of Lammermoor:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 123
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glosses: An exchange of two comparable things.
topics: business
finance
glosses: A financial derivative in which two parties agree to exchange one stream of cashflow against another stream.
examples: text: How much swap do you need?
bold_text_offsets: 9
13
type: example
topics: computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
glosses: Space available in a swap file for use as auxiliary memory.
tags: informal
uncountable
qualifier: Cambridge University slang
glosses: A social meal at a restaurant between two university societies, usually involving drinking and banter; commonly associated with fining and pennying; equivalent to a crewdate at Oxford University.
Forms: form: swaps
tags: plural
form: swop
tags: alternative
Synonyms: sense: an exchange of things
word: barter
sense: an exchange of things
word: quid pro quo
sense: an exchange of things
word: trade
Hyponyms: sense: financial derivative
word: credit default swap
sense: financial derivative
word: total return swap
Derived terms: blue chip swap
cookie swap
cum swap
cumswap
face-swap
face swap
formal swap
full swap
hard swap
hot swap
interest rate swap
K-swap
language swap
LS-swap
palette swap
prisoner swap
SIM swap
soft swap
swap body
swapbody
swap box
swap chain
swap file
swaplet
swap line
swap meet
swap partition
swappiness
swap shop
swapsies
swap space
tax swap
Tesla-swap
swap (English, noun)
Pronunciation: enpr: swŏp
note: Indic, spelling pronunciation
ipa: /swæp/
rhymes: -æp
Etymology: From Middle English swap, swappe (“a blow, strike, lash from a whip”), from the verb (see Etymology 1 above).
Definitions: glosses: A blow; a stroke.
tags: UK
countable
dialectal
obsolete
uncountable
Forms: form: swaps
tags: plural
form: swop
tags: alternative
swop (English, noun)
Pronunciation: tags: General-American
ipa: /swɑp/
tags: Received-Pronunciation
ipa: /swɒp/
rhymes: -ɒp
Definitions: glosses: Alternative spelling of swap
tags: alt-of
alternative
alt_of: swap
Forms: form: swops
tags: plural
swop (English, verb)
Pronunciation: tags: General-American
ipa: /swɑp/
tags: Received-Pronunciation
ipa: /swɒp/
rhymes: -ɒp
Definitions: examples: text: 'We make a pair, by God and by St James! / But, brother, what do you say to swopping names?'
ref: 1951, Geoffrey Chaucer, translated by Nevill Coghill, The Canterbury Tales: Translated into Modern English (Penguin Classics), Penguin Books, published 1977, page 315:
type: quote
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glosses: Alternative spelling of swap
tags: alt-of
alternative
alt_of: swap
Forms: form: swops
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: swopping
tags: participle
present
form: swopped
tags: participle
past
form: swopped
tags: past
swop (English, noun)
Pronunciation: tags: General-American
ipa: /swɑp/
tags: Received-Pronunciation
ipa: /swɒp/
rhymes: -ɒp
Etymology: Blend of swing + hip-hop
Definitions: glosses: A fusion of swing and hip-hop dance styles.
tags: uncountable
polysemic (English, adj)
Pronunciation: tags: UK
ipa: /pəˈlɪs.ɪ.mɪk/
tags: US
ipa: /pɒ.lɪˈsiː.mɪk/
Etymology: From polyseme + -ic.
Definitions: examples: text: As a series of polysemic and paradoxical sketches, Jackass does not lend itself to one particular theoretical analysis.
ref: 2007, Sean Brayton, “MTV's Jackass: Transgression, Abjection and the Economy of White Masculinity”, in Journal of Gender Studies, volume 16, page 58:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 15
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topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: polysemantic
polysemous
antonyms: monosemantic
monosemic
monosemous
univocal
glosses: Having a number of meanings, interpretations or understandings.
Forms: form: more polysemic
tags: comparative
form: most polysemic
tags: superlative
Derived terms: polysemically
Related terms: oligosemic
polyseme
polysemy
homonymous
trade (English, adj)
Pronunciation: tags: General-American
Received-Pronunciation
ipa: /tɹeɪd/
rhymes: -eɪd
Etymology: From Middle English trade (“path, course of conduct”), introduced into English by Hanseatic merchants, from Middle Low German trade (“track, course”), from Old Saxon trada (“spoor, track”), from Proto-Germanic *tradō (“track, way”), and cognate with Old English tredan (“to tread”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂- (“to tread, walk, step, run”).
Definitions: examples: text: "It is monstrous - grotesque." "But what made him draw such an animal?" "Trade gin, I should think."
ref: 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:
type: quote
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glosses: Of a product, produced for sale in the ordinary bulk retail trade and hence of only the most basic quality.
tags: not-comparable
Related terms: buy
sell
trade (Dutch, verb)
Definitions: glosses: singular past subjunctive of treden
tags: dated
form-of
formal
past
singular
subjunctive
form_of: treden
trade (French, verb)
Pronunciation: /tʁɛd/
Definitions: form_of: trader
glosses: inflection of trader:
first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
tags: first-person
form-of
indicative
present
singular
subjunctive
third-person
form_of: trader
glosses: inflection of trader:
second-person singular imperative
tags: form-of
imperative
second-person
singular
trade (Galician, noun)
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɾade/
ipa: [ˈt̪ɾa.ð̞ɪ]
rhymes: -ade
Etymology: From Old Galician-Portuguese traado, independently attested (14th century); from Late Latin taratrum (“auger”), used by Isidore of Seville. Probably from Paleo-Hispanic or from Proto-Celtic *taratrom, from Proto-Indo-European *térh₁-tro-.
Cognate with Portuguese trado, Spanish taladro, Old Irish tarathar, Old Welsh tarater, Breton tarar.
Definitions: synonyms: broca
barrena
glosses: auger
tags: masculine
Forms: form: trades
tags: plural
form: trado
tags: alternative
Derived terms: tradar
Related terms: tarabelo
trade (Galician, verb)
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɾade/
ipa: [ˈt̪ɾa.ð̞ɪ]
rhymes: -ade
Definitions: form_of: tradar
glosses: inflection of tradar:
first/third-person singular present subjunctive
tags: first-person
form-of
present
singular
subjunctive
third-person
form_of: tradar
glosses: inflection of tradar:
third-person singular imperative
tags: form-of
imperative
singular
third-person
trade (German, verb)
Definitions: form_of: traden
glosses: inflection of traden:
first-person singular present
tags: first-person
form-of
present
singular
form_of: traden
glosses: inflection of traden:
first/third-person singular subjunctive I
tags: first-person
form-of
singular
subjunctive-i
third-person
form_of: traden
glosses: inflection of traden:
singular imperative
tags: form-of
imperative
singular
trade (Latin, verb)
Definitions: glosses: second-person singular present active imperative of trādō
tags: active
form-of
imperative
present
second-person
singular
form_of: trādō
Forms: form: trāde
tags: canonical
quid pro quo (Spanish, noun)
Etymology: From Latin [Term?].
Definitions: glosses: quid pro quo
verb (English, verb)
Pronunciation: tags: Received-Pronunciation
ipa: /vɜːb/
tags: US
ipa: /vɝb/
tags: Canada
ipa: /vəɹb/
tags: Canada
ipa: [vɚ(ɹ)b]
rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)b
Etymology: From Middle English verbe, directly from Latin verbum (“word, verb”), reinforced by Old French verbe, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰo-. Doublet of verve and word.
Definitions: examples: text: Haig, in congressional hearings before his confirmatory, paradoxed his auditioners by abnormalling his responds so that verbs were nouned, nouns verbed and adjectives adverbised. He techniqued a new way to vocabulary his thoughts so as to informationally uncertain anybody listening about what he had actually implicationed... .
ref: a. 1981 Feb 22, unknown Guardian editor as quoted by William Safire, On Language, in New York Times, pSM3
text: I like to verb words.... I take nouns and adjectives and use them as verbs. Remember when "access" was a thing? Now it's something you DO. It got verbed. Verbing weirds language.
ref: 1993 January 25, Bill Watterson, Calvin and Hobbes:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 10
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69
73
146
150
146
152
154
161
text: Nouns should never be verbed.
ref: 1997, David. F. Griffiths, Desmond J. Higham, learning LAT_EX, page 8:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 22
28
text: In English, verbing nouns is okay
ref: 2005 October 5, Jeffrey Mattison, “Letters”, in The Christian Science Monitor, page 8:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 12
19
glosses: To use any word that is or was not a verb (especially a noun) as if it were a verb.
tags: colloquial
nonstandard
transitive
examples: text: For example, one-part versions of the proposition "The doctor pursued the lawyer" were "The doctor verbed the object," ...
ref: 1946, Rand Corporation, The Rand Paper Series:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 99
105
text: Each sentence had the same basic structure: The subject transitive verbed the object who intransitive verbed in the location.
ref: 1964, Journal of Mathematical Psychology:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 67
73
102
108
text: The sentence frame was Dan verbed Ben approaching the store. This sentence frame was followed in all cases by He went inside.
ref: 1998, Marilyn A. Walker, Aravind Krishna Joshi, Centering Theory in Discourse:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 27
33
topics: human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
social-science
social-sciences
glosses: Used as a placeholder for any verb.
Forms: form: verbs
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: verbing
tags: participle
present
form: verbed
tags: participle
past
form: verbed
tags: past
form: no-table-tags
tags: table-tags
form: glossary
tags: inflection-template
form: verb
tags: infinitive
form: vb.
tags: alternative
form: v.
tags: alternative
Related terms: copula
workword
verb (Breton, noun)
Pronunciation: /ˈvɛrp/
Etymology: From Latin verbum.
Definitions: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: verb
tags: masculine
Forms: form: verboù
tags: plural
Derived terms: adverb
verb-skoazell
verb (Catalan, noun)
Pronunciation: tags: Central
ipa: [ˈbɛrp]
tags: Balearic
ipa: [ˈvɛrp]
tags: Valencia
ipa: [ˈvɛɾp]
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin verbum.
Definitions: glosses: verb
tags: masculine
Forms: form: verbs
tags: plural
Derived terms: verb modal
Related terms: verba
verbal
verb (Norwegian Bokmål, noun)
Etymology: From Latin verbum.
Definitions: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: verb
tags: neuter
wikipedia: no:verb
Forms: form: verbet
tags: definite
singular
form: or verber
tags: indefinite
plural
verb
form: verba
tags: definite
plural
form: verbene
tags: definite
plural
Derived terms: verbbøying
verb (Norwegian Nynorsk, noun)
Etymology: From Latin verbum.
Definitions: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: verb
tags: neuter
wikipedia: nn:verb
Forms: form: verbet
tags: definite
singular
form: verb
tags: indefinite
plural
form: verba
tags: definite
plural
Derived terms: verbbøying
verb (Romanian, noun)
Pronunciation: [verb]
Etymology: From Latin verbum.
Definitions: glosses: verb
tags: neuter
wikipedia: ro:verb
Forms: form: verbe
tags: plural
form: no-table-tags
tags: table-tags
form: ro-noun-n
tags: inflection-template
form: verb
tags: accusative
indefinite
nominative
singular
form: verbul
tags: accusative
definite
nominative
singular
form: verbe
tags: accusative
indefinite
nominative
singular
form: verbele
tags: accusative
definite
nominative
plural
form: verb
tags: error-unrecognized-form
indefinite
singular
form: verbului
tags: definite
error-unrecognized-form
singular
form: verbe
tags: error-unrecognized-form
indefinite
singular
form: verbelor
tags: definite
error-unrecognized-form
plural
form: verbule
tags: singular
vocative
form: verbelor
tags: vocative
verb (Swedish, noun)
Definitions: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: verb
tags: neuter
Forms: form: no-table-tags
tags: table-tags
form: l
tags: inflection-template
form: verb
tags: indefinite
nominative
singular
form: verbs
tags: genitive
indefinite
singular
form: verbet
tags: definite
nominative
singular
form: verbets
tags: definite
genitive
singular
form: verb
tags: indefinite
nominative
plural
form: verbs
tags: genitive
indefinite
plural
form: verben
tags: definite
nominative
plural
form: verbens
tags: definite
genitive
plural
Synonyms: kraftord
Hyponyms: hjälpverb
Related terms: verba
verbal
verbatim
verbböjning
verbform
verbändelse
verb (Veps, noun)
Definitions: glosses: verb
Forms: form: no-table-tags
tags: table-tags
form: vep-decl-sana
tags: inflection-template
form: verb
tags: nominative
singular
form: verbad
tags: nominative
plural
form: verban
tags: accusative
singular
form: verbad
tags: accusative
plural
form: verban
tags: genitive
singular
form: verboiden
tags: genitive
plural
form: verbad
tags: partitive
singular
form: verboid
tags: partitive
plural
form: verban
tags: essive-instructive
singular
form: verboin
tags: essive-instructive
plural
form: verbaks
tags: singular
translative
form: verboikš
tags: plural
translative
form: verbas
tags: inessive
singular
form: verboiš
tags: inessive
plural
form: verbaspäi
tags: elative
singular
form: verboišpäi
tags: elative
plural
form: verbaha
tags: illative
singular
form: verboihe
tags: illative
plural
form: verbal
tags: adessive
singular
form: verboil
tags: adessive
plural
form: verbalpäi
tags: ablative
singular
form: verboilpäi
tags: ablative
plural
form: verbale
tags: allative
singular
form: verboile
tags: allative
plural
form: verbata
tags: abessive
singular
form: verboita
tags: abessive
plural
form: verbanke
tags: comitative
singular
form: verboidenke
tags: comitative
plural
form: verbadme
tags: prolative
singular
form: verboidme
tags: plural
prolative
form: verbanno
tags: approximative
approximative-i
singular
form: verboidenno
tags: approximative
approximative-i
plural
form: verbannoks
tags: approximative
approximative-ii
singular
form: verboidennoks
tags: approximative
approximative-ii
plural
form: verbannopäi
tags: egressive
singular
form: verboidennopäi
tags: egressive
plural
form: verbahasai
tags: singular
terminative
terminative-i
form: verboihesai
tags: plural
terminative
terminative-i
form: verbalesai
tags: singular
terminative
terminative-ii
form: verboilesai
tags: plural
terminative
terminative-ii
form: verbassai
tags: singular
terminative
terminative-iii
form: -
tags: plural
terminative
terminative-iii
form: verbahapäi
tags: additive
additive-i
singular
form: verboihepäi
tags: additive
additive-i
plural
form: verbalepäi
tags: additive
additive-ii
singular
form: verboilepäi
tags: additive
additive-ii
plural
adjective (English, noun)
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɛk.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ək.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.tɪv/
note: Indic
ipa: /a(ɖ)ˈd͡ʒeːkʈiv/
Etymology: From Middle English adjectif, adjective, from Old French adjectif, from Latin adiectivus, from adiciō + -īvus, from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + iaciō (“throw”). The Latin word adiectivus in turn was a calque of Ancient Greek ἐπιθετικόν (epithetikón, “added”), a derivative of the compound verb ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi), from which also comes epithet.
Definitions: examples: text: The words “big” and “heavy” are English adjectives.
bold_text_offsets: 40
50
type: example
text: "They'll have to invent new adjectives when I come back. You wait!"
ref: 1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 8:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 28
38
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: A word that modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes a noun’s referent.
examples: text: it must be an adjective of dain
ref: 1655, Thomas Fuller, The History of the University of Cambridge, since the Conquest, [London]: [[…] Iohn Williams […]], →OCLC:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 14
23
glosses: A dependent; an accessory.
tags: obsolete
Forms: form: adjectives
tags: plural
Synonyms: word: adjective
word: adjective noun
word: adnoun
word: describing word
word: description word
word: noun adjective
Hypernyms: word: noun
word: word
Hyponyms: word: attributive adjective
word: cardinal adjective
word: demonstrative adjective
word: descriptive adjective
word: i-adjective
word: indefinite adjective
word: interrogative adjective
word: limiting adjective
word: na-adjective
word: nominalized adjective
tags: noun
word: adjunct
word: numerical adjective
word: ordinal adjective
word: participial adjective
word: possessional adjective
word: possessive adjective
word: postpositive adjective
word: predicative adjective
word: prepositive adjective
word: privative adjective
word: proper adjective
word: quasi-adjective
word: relational adjective
word: relative adjective
word: substantive adjective
Derived terms: adjectival
adjective clause
adjective dye
adjectivehood
adjectiveless
adjectively
adjective patterns
adjective phrase
adjective pronoun
adjective verb
adjectivism
adjectivitis
adjectivity
adjectivization
common adjective
deadjectival
nonadjective
overadjectived
predicate adjective
proadjective
proper adjective
unadjectived
い-adjective
な-adjective
adjective (English, adj)
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɛk.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ək.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.tɪv/
note: Indic
ipa: /a(ɖ)ˈd͡ʒeːkʈiv/
Etymology: From Middle English adjectif, adjective, from Old French adjectif, from Latin adiectivus, from adiciō + -īvus, from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + iaciō (“throw”). The Latin word adiectivus in turn was a calque of Ancient Greek ἐπιθετικόν (epithetikón, “added”), a derivative of the compound verb ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi), from which also comes epithet.
Definitions: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: adjectival
glosses: Adjectival; pertaining to or functioning as an adjective.
tags: not-comparable
examples: text: The whole English law, substantive and adjective.
ref: 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter X, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:
type: quote
bold_text_offsets: 39
48
topics: law
synonyms: procedural
antonyms: substantive
glosses: Applying to methods of enforcement and rules of procedure.
tags: not-comparable
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
antonyms: substantive
glosses: Needing the use of a mordant to be made fast to that which is being dyed.
tags: not-comparable
raw_tags: of a dye
examples: text: In fact, God is of not so much importance in Himself, but as the end towards which man tends. That irreverent person who said that Browning uses “God” as a pigment made an accurate criticism of his theology. In Browning, God is adjective to man.
ref: 1899, John Jay Chapman, Emerson and Other Essays, AMS Press (1969) (as reproduced in Project Gutenberg)
synonyms: dependent
derivative
qualifier: reflected in the chemical sense; but extinct as a general sense; reflected in the chemical sense; but extinct as a general sense
glosses: Incapable of independent function.
tags: not-comparable
obsolete
adjective (English, verb)
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɛk.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ək.tɪv/
ipa: /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.tɪv/
note: Indic
ipa: /a(ɖ)ˈd͡ʒeːkʈiv/
Etymology: From Middle English adjectif, adjective, from Old French adjectif, from Latin adiectivus, from adiciō + -īvus, from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + iaciō (“throw”). The Latin word adiectivus in turn was a calque of Ancient Greek ἐπιθετικόν (epithetikón, “added”), a derivative of the compound verb ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi), from which also comes epithet.
Definitions: examples: text: Language has as much occasion to adjective the distinct signification of the verb, and to adjective also the mood, as it has to adjective time. It has […] adjectived all three.
ref: 1805, John Horne Tooke, Epea Pteroenta: or The Diversions of Purley Part 2
text: In English, instead of adjectiving our own substantives, we have borrowed, in immense numbers, adjectived signs from other languages[…]
ref: 1832, William Hunter, An Anglo-Saxon grammar, and derivatives, page 46:
type: quote
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glosses: To make an adjective of; to form or convert into an adjective.
tags: transitive
glosses: To characterize with an adjective; to describe by using an adjective.
tags: transitive
raw_tags: as a participle
Forms: form: adjectives
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: adjectiving
tags: participle
present
form: adjectived
tags: participle
past
form: adjectived
tags: past
Synonyms: adjectify
adjectivize
Related terms: word: adjectivize
word: adjectivise
word: adjectify
word: adverbialize
word: adverbialise
tags: rare
word: adverb
tags: rare
word: adverbify
word: adverbize
word: nominalize
word: nominalise
word: substantivize
word: substantivise
word: noun
tags: rare
word: nounify
tags: rare
word: substantive
word: verbalize
word: verbalise
tags: colloquial
word: verb
word: verbify
adjective (French, adj)
Pronunciation: ipa: /a.dʒɛk.tiv/
Definitions: glosses: feminine singular of adjectif
tags: feminine
form-of
singular
form_of: adjectif
adjective (Latin, adj)
Definitions: glosses: vocative masculine singular of adjectīvus
tags: form-of
masculine
singular
vocative
form_of: adjectīvus
Forms: form: adjectīve
tags: canonical
adjective (Portuguese, verb)
Definitions: form_of: adjectivar
glosses: inflection of adjectivar:
first/third-person singular present subjunctive
tags: first-person
form-of
present
singular
subjunctive
third-person
form_of: adjectivar
glosses: inflection of adjectivar:
third-person singular imperative
tags: form-of
imperative
singular
third-person
adjective (Romanian, noun)
Pronunciation: [ad.ʒekˈti.ve]
Definitions: glosses: plural of adjectiv
tags: form-of
plural
form_of: adjectiv
adjective (Scots, noun)
Etymology: From Latin (nomen) adjectivum.
Definitions: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
glosses: adjective
Forms: form: adjectives
tags: plural
craft (English, verb)
Pronunciation: tags: Received-Pronunciation
ipa: /kɹɑːft/
rhymes: -ɑːft
tags: General-American
ipa: /kɹæft/
rhymes: -æft
tags: General-Australian
ipa: /kɹɐːft/
Etymology: From Middle English craft (“strength, skill”), from Old English cræft (“strength, skill”), from Proto-West Germanic *kraftu, from Proto-Germanic *kraftuz (“strength, power”); further origin obscure.
Cognate with German Kraft (“strength, power, force, energy, employee”) and Danish kraft (“strength, power, force”).
Definitions: glosses: To make by hand and with much skill.
examples: state crafting; the process of crafting global policing
glosses: To construct, develop something (like a skilled craftsman).
topics: video-games
glosses: To combine multiple items to form a new item, such as armour or medicine.
Forms: form: crafts
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: crafting
tags: participle
present
form: crafted
tags: participle
past
form: crafted
tags: past
Derived terms: craftable
crafter
uncrafted
undercraft
craft (Middle English, noun)
Definitions: examples: text: A prentis whilom dwelt in our citee, / And of a craft of vitaillers was he […]
ref: c. 1386, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. The Cokes Tale, page 50:
type: quote
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glosses: trade union or guild
examples: text: The lyf so short, the craft so longe to lerne […]
ref: c. 1381, Geoffrey Chaucer, Parlement of Foules:
type: quote
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glosses: skill
Forms: form: crafts
tags: plural
craft (Old Dutch, noun)
Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *kraftu.
Definitions: glosses: strength, power, force
tags: feminine
Forms: form: no-table-tags
tags: table-tags
form: odt-decl-noun-i
tags: inflection-template
form: i-stem
tags: class
form: craft
tags: nominative
singular
form: crefti
tags: nominative
plural
form: craft
tags: accusative
singular
form: crefti
tags: accusative
plural
form: crefti
tags: genitive
singular
form: crefto
tags: genitive
plural
form: crefti
tags: dative
singular
form: creftin
tags: dative
plural
form: crefton
tags: dative
plural
form: kraft
tags: alternative
form: creft
tags: alternative
adjectival (English, adj)
Pronunciation: tags: UK
ipa: /ˌædʒɛkˈtaɪ.vəl/
tags: US
ipa: /ˌæd͡ʒəkˈtaɪ.vəl/
tags: US
ipa: /ˌæd͡ʒəˈtaɪ.vəl/
rhymes: -aɪvəl
Etymology: From adjective + -al.
Definitions: examples: text: adjectival syntax
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type: example
text: adjectival noun
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type: example
text: As we can have the adjectival forms bright, brighter, brightest, so we can have the adverbial forms brightly, brightlier, brightliest, but degree is alike inconceivable in the adjective ‘round,’ and the A. ‘here.’
ref: 1876, “Ad′verb”, in John M[erry] Ross, editor, The Globe Enyclopædia of Universal Information, volume I, Boston, Mass.: Estes & Lauriat, […], page 25, column 1:
type: quote
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topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: adjective
glosses: Of or relating to or functioning as an adjective.
topics: law
glosses: Of or relating to procedure, especially to technicalities thereof.
Forms: form: more adjectival
tags: comparative
form: most adjectival
tags: superlative
Derived terms: adjectivality
adjectivalization
adjectivalize
adjectivally
adjectival phrase
adjectival pronoun
deadjectival
nonadjectival
preadjectival
Related terms: topics: grammar
linguistics
human-sciences
sciences
english: = substantive
word: substantival
adjectival (English, noun)
Pronunciation: tags: UK
ipa: /ˌædʒɛkˈtaɪ.vəl/
tags: US
ipa: /ˌæd͡ʒəkˈtaɪ.vəl/
tags: US
ipa: /ˌæd͡ʒəˈtaɪ.vəl/
rhymes: -aɪvəl
Etymology: From adjective + -al.
Definitions: examples: text: Within this line of reasoning, then, Tagalog is classified as a language in which adjectivals are essentially neutral between a nouny and a verby interpretation.
ref: 2013, Harrie Wetzer, The Typology of Adjectival Predication, page 240:
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glosses: An adjectival phrase or clause.
Forms: form: adjectivals
tags: plural
adjectival (French, adj)
Pronunciation: ipa: /a.dʒɛk.ti.val/
Etymology: From adjectif + -al.
Definitions: glosses: adjectival
Forms: form: adjectivale
tags: feminine
form: adjectivaux
tags: masculine
plural
form: adjectivales
tags: feminine
plural
Derived terms: locution adjectivale
adjectival (Romanian, adj)
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌad.ʒek.tiˈval/
rhymes: -al
Etymology: Borrowed from French adjectival. By surface analysis, adjectiv + -al.
Definitions: glosses: adjectival
tags: masculine
neuter
Forms: form: adjectivală
tags: feminine
singular
form: adjectivali
tags: masculine
plural
form: adjectivale
tags: feminine
neuter
plural
form: no-table-tags
tags: table-tags
form: ro-decl-adj
tags: inflection-template
form: adjectival
tags: error-unrecognized-form
indefinite
masculine
neuter
singular
form: adjectivală
tags: error-unrecognized-form
feminine
indefinite
singular
form: adjectivali
tags: error-unrecognized-form
indefinite
masculine
singular
form: adjectivale
tags: error-unrecognized-form
feminine
indefinite
neuter
plural
form: adjectivalul
tags: definite
error-unrecognized-form
masculine
neuter
singular
form: adjectivala
tags: definite
error-unrecognized-form
feminine
singular
form: adjectivalii
tags: definite
error-unrecognized-form
masculine
singular
form: adjectivalele
tags: definite
error-unrecognized-form
feminine
neuter
plural
form: adjectivale
tags: error-unrecognized-form
feminine
indefinite
singular
form: adjectivalului
tags: definite
error-unrecognized-form
masculine
neuter
singular
form: adjectivalei
tags: definite
error-unrecognized-form
feminine
singular
form: adjectivalilor
tags: definite
error-unrecognized-form
masculine
singular
form: adjectivalelor
tags: definite
error-unrecognized-form
feminine
neuter
plural
Derived terms: tags: masculine
word: articol adjectival
substantive (English, adj)
Pronunciation: tags: US
ipa: /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/
tags: US
ipa: /səbˈstæntɪv/
Etymology: From Middle English substantif, from Old French substantif.
Definitions: examples: text: substantive information
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type: example
text: In one sense the first debate achieved the worst of all worlds: it managed to be technical, even dull, without being substantive or especially honest.
ref: 2012 October 6, “The first presidential debate: Back in the centre, back in the game”, in The Economist:
type: quote
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synonyms: essential
in essence
glosses: Of the essence or essential element of a thing.
examples: text: Substantive editing is never trivial, whereas some aspects of copyediting are trivial.
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type: example
text: substantive changes made by the lawyers
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type: example
synonyms: essential
in essence
glosses: Of the essence or essential element of a thing.
Constituting the substance of content rather than its style, and thus always nontrivial.
tags: broadly
examples: text: Once more then, strength and magnitude are qualities which impress the imagination in a powerful and substantive manner;
ref: 1836 [1829], William Hazlitt, “Definition of wit”, in Literary Remains of the Late William Hazlitt, page 19:
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synonyms: meaty
substantial
antonyms: superficial
trivial
glosses: Having substance; enduring; solid; firm; substantial.
examples: text: substantive law
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type: example
topics: law
antonyms: adjective
procedural
glosses: Applying to essential legal principles and rules of right.
topics: chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
antonyms: adjective
glosses: Not needing the use of a mordant to be made fast to that which is being dyed.
raw_tags: of a dye
examples: text: Hee therefore taking into Conſideration, how ſufficient and ſuſstantiue this Land was, to maintaine it ſelfe without any aid (at all) of the foreigner; […]
ref: 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “New Atlantis. A Worke Vnfinished.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, page 16:
type: quote
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glosses: Depending on itself; independent.
topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: substantival
glosses: Of or pertaining to a substantive.
topics: government
military
politics
war
glosses: Actually and legally held, as distinct from an acting, temporary or honorary rank or appointment
raw_tags: of a rank or appointment
Forms: form: more substantive
tags: comparative
form: most substantive
tags: superlative
Derived terms: word: common substantive noun
tags: noun
word: substantive proper
word: substantive adjective
word: substantive case
word: substantive due process
word: substantive genitive
word: substantive law
word: substantively
word: substantive verb
word: substantivise
word: substantivize
substantive (English, noun)
Pronunciation: tags: US
ipa: /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/
tags: US
ipa: /səbˈstæntɪv/
Etymology: From Middle English substantif, from Old French substantif.
Definitions: examples: text: The Dutch verb beelden and substantive beelding signify form-giving, creation, and by extension image—as do gestalten and Gestaltung in German, where Neo-Plastic[ism] is translated as Die neue Gestaltung.
ref: 1986, Harry Holtzman, Martin S[amuel] James, “The New Plastic in Painting (1917)”, in The New Art—The New Life: The Collected Writings of Piet Mondrian, Boston, Mass.: G. K. Hall & Co., →ISBN, part I (The De Stijl Years: 1917–24), page 27:
type: quote
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topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: word: noun
english: sensu stricto
word: noun substantive
glosses: Ellipsis of noun substantive or substantive noun; a noun or a group of words (a noun phrase) that act as a noun (in a sentence).
tags: abbreviation
alt-of
ellipsis
alt_of: word: noun substantive or substantive noun
extra: a noun or a group of words (a noun phrase) that act as a noun (in a sentence)
examples: Coordinate term: accidental
glosses: Part of a text that carries the meaning, such as words and their ordering.
Forms: form: substantives
tags: plural
form: subst.
tags: alternative
Derived terms: substantival
substantivally
substantivise
substantivize
verbal substantive
substantive (English, verb)
Pronunciation: tags: US
ipa: /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/
tags: US
ipa: /səbˈstæntɪv/
Etymology: From Middle English substantif, from Old French substantif.
Definitions: topics: grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
synonyms: substantivize
nominalize
glosses: To make a word belonging to another part of speech into a substantive (that is, a noun) or use it as a noun.
tags: rare
Forms: form: substantives
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: substantiving
tags: participle
present
form: substantived
tags: participle
past
form: substantived
tags: past
Related terms: word: adjectivize
word: adjectivise
word: adjective
word: adjectify
word: adverbialize
word: adverbialise
tags: rare
word: adverb
tags: rare
word: adverbify
word: adverbize
word: nominalize
word: nominalise
word: substantivize
word: substantivise
word: noun
tags: rare
word: nounify
word: verbalize
word: verbalise
tags: colloquial
word: verb
word: verbify
substantive (French, adj)
Pronunciation: ipa: /syp.stɑ̃.tiv/
homophone: substantives
Definitions: glosses: feminine singular of substantif
tags: feminine
form-of
singular
form_of: substantif
substantive (Galician, verb)
Definitions: form_of: substantivar
glosses: inflection of substantivar:
first/third-person singular present subjunctive
tags: first-person
form-of
present
singular
subjunctive
third-person
form_of: substantivar
glosses: inflection of substantivar:
third-person singular imperative
tags: form-of
imperative
singular
third-person
substantive (Latin, adj)
Pronunciation: tags: Classical-Latin
ipa: /sub.stanˈtiː.u̯e/
tags: Classical-Latin
ipa: [s̠ʊps̠t̪än̪ˈt̪iːu̯ɛ]
note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical
ipa: /sub.stanˈti.ve/
note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical
ipa: [subst̪än̪ˈt̪iːve]
Definitions: glosses: vocative masculine singular of substantīvus
tags: form-of
masculine
singular
vocative
form_of: substantīvus
Forms: form: substantīve
tags: canonical
substantive (Portuguese, verb)
Definitions: form_of: substantivar
glosses: inflection of substantivar:
first/third-person singular present subjunctive
tags: first-person
form-of
present
singular
subjunctive
third-person
form_of: substantivar
glosses: inflection of substantivar:
third-person singular imperative
tags: form-of
imperative
singular
third-person
substantive (Romanian, noun)
Pronunciation: [sub.stanˈti.ve]
Definitions: glosses: plural of substantiv
tags: form-of
plural
form_of: substantiv
substantive (Spanish, verb)
Definitions: form_of: substantivar
glosses: inflection of substantivar:
first/third-person singular present subjunctive
tags: first-person
form-of
present
singular
subjunctive
third-person
form_of: substantivar
glosses: inflection of substantivar:
third-person singular imperative
tags: form-of
imperative
singular
third-person
trade wind (English, noun)
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈtɹeɪd ˈwɪnd/
rhymes: -ɪnd
Etymology: Compound of trade (“course, path (of running)”, from 14th c.) + wind, because of their consistent linear direction. Associations with transatlantic trade are a later folk etymology.
Definitions: examples: text: They rode the trade winds going west.
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type: example
text: During the summer months, from November to April, the trade wind is less steady over large parts of the ocean.
ref: 2008, Jimmy Cornell, World Cruising Routes, A&C Black, →ISBN, page 365:
type: quote
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synonyms: easterly
antonyms: westerly
glosses: A steady wind that blows from east to west above and below the equator.
Forms: form: trade winds
tags: plural
form: trade-wind
tags: alternative
form: tradewind
tags: alternative
Coordinate terms: westerly
Derived terms: antitrade wind
patronage (English, verb)
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpeɪtɹənɪd͡ʒ/
tags: Ireland
UK
also
note: in Commonwealth
ipa: /ˈpætɹənɪd͡ʒ/
Etymology: From Middle English patronage, from Old French patronage (modern French patronage). Equivalent to patron + -age.
Definitions: examples: text: Mingdi continued the policy of his father who had patronaged Confucian learning.
ref: 2003, Hubert Michael Seiwert, Popular Religious Movements and Heterodox Sects in Chinese History, BRILL, →ISBN, page 62:
type: quote
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text: Table 5.4 reveals the role of criminal gangs’ patron under each crime category. From this, we can understand that 74 percent of the mercenaries are patronaged and supported by the politicians either of the ruling or opposition party.
ref: 2004, C.K. Gandhirajan, Organized Crime, APH Publishing Corporation, →ISBN, page 147:
type: quote
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text: To summarize: a person with a party political background is thus defined as ‘a person that has served in (a) […] and/or (b) a non-elective position inside the party administration of patronaged position in another organisation, i.e. the political functionary’.
ref: 2007, Stefaan Fiers, Ineke Secker, “6, A Career through the Party”, in Maurizio Cotta, Heinrich Best, editors, Democratic Representation in Europe, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 138:
type: quote
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glosses: To support by being a patron of.
tags: transitive
examples: text: This house is largely patronaged by the professors and students of many of the Educational Institutions of New England and the Middle States; and all perons visiting New York, either for business or pleasure, will find this an excellent place at which to stop.
ref: c. 1880, The Primary Teacher, volume 3, New-England Publishing Company, page 63:
type: quote
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text: Mr. F. A. Welch, of the Oak View Poultry Farm, Salem, starts an add with us this issue. […] Our readers will be treated well, if they patronage Mr. Welch.
ref: 1902 May 9, Oregon Poultry Journal, page 27:
type: quote
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text: Most public establishments catered to Blacks, and Whites actively patronaged some black-owned businesses (Martin 1982, 6, 9–11; Slingsby 1980, 31–32).
ref: 2002, Kevin Fox Gotham, Race, Real Estate, and Uneven Development, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 28:
type: quote
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synonyms: support
keep going
glosses: To be a regular customer or client of; to patronize
tags: transitive
Forms: form: patronages
tags: present
singular
third-person
form: patronaging
tags: participle
present
form: patronaged
tags: participle
past
form: patronaged
tags: past
patronage (Dutch, noun)
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌpaː.trɔˈnaː.ʒə/
rhymes: -aːʒə
Etymology: From patroon + -age. Cf. English patronage, French patronage.
Definitions: synonyms: beschermheerschap
patronaat
glosses: patronage (act of providing approval and support)
tags: neuter
Forms: form: patronages
tags: plural
patronage (French, noun)
Pronunciation: ipa: /pa.tʁɔ.naʒ/
rhymes: -aʒ
Etymology: From patron + -age.
Definitions: glosses: Patronage
tags: masculine
Forms: form: patronages
tags: plural
patronage (Middle English, noun)
Pronunciation: /patruˈnaːd͡ʒ(ə)/
/ˈpatrunad͡ʒ(ə)/
Etymology: From Old French patronage; equivalent to patroun + -age.
Definitions: glosses: The privilege of being able to choose ecclesiastical appointees; advowson.
Forms: form: patronagis
tags: plural
deal (English, noun)
Pronunciation: enpr: dēl
ipa: /diːl/
rhymes: -iːl
Etymology: From Middle English del, dele, from Old English dǣl (“part, share, portion”), from Proto-West Germanic *daili, from Proto-Germanic *dailiz (“part, deal”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰ(h₁)-oy-lo- (“part, watershed”). Cognate with Scots dele (“part, portion”), West Frisian diel (“part, share”), Dutch deel (“part, share, portion”), German Teil (“part, portion, section”), Danish, Slovene, and Swedish del (“part”), Icelandic deila (“division, contention”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (dails, “portion”). Related to Old English dāl (“portion”). More at dole.
Definitions: examples: text: We gave three deals of grain in tribute to the king.
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type: example
synonyms: allotment
apportionment
distribution
glosses: A division, a portion, a share, a part, a piece.
tags: obsolete
examples: text: There is a vast deal of difference in memories, as well as in every thing else, and therefore you should make allowance for your cousin, and pity her deficiency.
ref: 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter II, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 35:
type: quote
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text: There is a deal of obscurity concerning the identity of the species thus multitudinously baptized.
ref: 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 32, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
type: quote
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text: “They know our boats will stand up to their work,” said Willison, “and that counts for a good deal. A low estimate from us doesn't mean scamped work, but just that we want to keep the yard busy over a slack time.”
ref: 1928, Lawrence R. Bourne, chapter 3, in Well Tackled!:
type: quote
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text: Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.
ref: 2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:
type: quote
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synonyms: batch
flock
good deal
great deal
hatful
heap
load
lot
mass
mess
mickle
mint
muckle
peck
pile
plenty
pot
quite a little
glosses: An indefinite quantity or amount; a lot (now usually qualified by great or good).
tags: often
raw_tags: followed by of
Forms: form: deals
tags: plural
Derived terms: sense: indefinite quantity
word: a great deal
sense: indefinite quantity
word: a good deal
sense: indefinite quantity
word: big deal
sense: indefinite quantity
word: real deal
word: afterdeal
word: foredeal
word: forthedeal
word: half-deal
word: ordalium
word: ordeal
word: overdeal
word: somedeal
deal (English, noun)
Pronunciation: enpr: dēl
ipa: /diːl/
rhymes: -iːl
Etymology: From Middle English dele (“plank”), from Middle Low German dele, from Old Saxon thili, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þiljǭ (“plank, board”); cognate with Old English þille. Doublet of thill.
Definitions: examples: text: 1722, Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year, London: E. Nutt et al., p. 86,
Some Houses were […] entirely lock’d up, the Doors padlockt, the Windows and Doors having Deal Boards nail’d over them,
text: A brisk fire burned in the grate, there were three comfortable chairs, and a deal table with a water carafe, a bucket of coals, and a few other amenities.
ref: 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:
type: quote
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81
glosses: Wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir).
tags: uncountable
glosses: A plank of softwood (fir or pine board).
tags: countable
examples: text: It shall not be lawful for any person to land any timber, planks or board, deals, staves, tar, pitch, turpentine, rozin or other the commodities aforesaid, on any part of the present quays within the city of Bristol, from any vessel coming into the said port...
ref: 1819, Charles Pope, Practical abridgement of the laws of customs and excise, 5th edition, page CCXLIII:
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text: Swedish deals from ports in the Baltic
ref: 1840, John Ramsey McCulloch, “Docks on the Thames (London)”, in A Dictionary Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, volume 1, Thomas Wardle, page 590:
type: quote
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13
text: 1 deal (US) = 12 ft x 11 in. x 3/2 in. (E)
ref: 2003, François Cardarelli, Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units, Weights, and Measures, page 52:
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glosses: A wooden board or plank, usually between 12 or 14 feet in length, traded as a commodity in shipbuilding.
tags: archaic
countable
Forms: form: deals
tags: plural
Derived terms: bog deal
deal board
deal tree
dealwood
Russian deal