alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: United Arab Emirates
Document: 1st NDC

The UAE is undertaking the following investments and initiatives, which will have significant mitigation co-benefits in addressing the transport sector’s greenhouse gas emissions, including: • the introduction of a new fuel pricing policy, which will put the UAE in line with global prices. This reform aims to support the national economy, lower fuel consumption, and protect the environment; • a federal freight rail network crossing the country and eventually integrated into the GCC network; • the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has also set targets to shift 25% of government vehicle fleets to compressed natural gas; and • the Emirate of Dubai has invested in a multi-billion dollar light-rail and metro system, which will continue to add new lines.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: the introduction of a new fuel pricing policy, which will put the UAE in line with global prices
Country: United Arab Emirates
Document: 2nd NDC

The diverse set of priority sectors includes renewable energy equipment and technology, energy infrastructure, water desalination, and agriculture. Transport With the aim of supporting the economy and encouraging smart mobility choices, in 2015, the UAE initiated a far-reaching fuel pricing reform, linking gasoline and diesel prices to international market prices. Since then, the country has madewww.moccae.gov.ae A Bridge to Greater Climate Ambition A Bridge to Greater Climate Ambition further progress in supporting sustainable transport, and providing clean transport infrastructure and services. During the next decade, the UAE looks to capitalize on the opportunities being presented by advances in electrification and automation of mobility. According to the UAE’s fuel quality standards, diesel consumed in the country must comply with 10 ppm sulfur content and Euro 5 standards.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: With the aim of supporting the economy and encouraging smart mobility choices, in 2015, the UAE initiated a far-reaching fuel pricing reform, linking gasoline and diesel prices to international market prices.
Country: Mexico
Document: LTS

• To encourage new economic and financial mechanisms, including NAMAs and possible emissions markets, in order to incentivize mitigation actions. • To define energy prices according to a life cycle analysis that considers externalities, including the cost of greenhouse emissions. • To redefine the current energy and water subsidies structure in order to increase efficiency both in power and water consumption. • To gradually adjust residential electricity and water prices to more accurate prices, compensating the vulnerable groups through targeted measures. • To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others.
Country: Mexico
Document: LTS

• To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others. • To guarantee the incorporation of climate change criteria in development bank guidelines for favoring projects that involve renewable and clean energies, and that promote the transition towards less carbon-intensive technologies. • To encourage a mechanism to promote voluntary carbon markets, including forest carbon offset credits. • To identify, strengthen or create specific economic and financial instruments that incentivize the restoration, conservation, sustainable use, and resilience of ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: To redirect fossil fuel subsidies in order to strengthen sustainable, efficient, and safe public transportation such as the railway system, among others.
Country: Austria
Document: LTS

Avoidance The increased digitalisation of work is bringing the workplace and home closer together again, and mobility management will help to avoid unnecessary travel. The previously long commutes to work will be replaced by short trips close to home. This trend will increase the potential for the use of bicycles as a quick mode of transport for short distances. The town structures in rural areas will have a higher density in 2050, which will make walking more attractive and will shift a certain share of transport to foot and bicycle traffic. Accompanying measures will revitalise town centres, this is shown e.g. by the fact that there are more small shops and grocers in towns.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: The increased digitalisation of work is bringing the workplace and home closer together again, and mobility management will help to avoid unnecessary travel. The previously long commutes to work will be replaced by short trips close to home. This trend will increase the potential for the use of bicycles as a quick mode of transport for short distances.
Country: Cabo Verde
Document: Updated NDC

Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: home-work urban cycling and walking networks
Country: Cabo Verde
Document: Updated NDC

To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: home-work urban cycling and walking networks
Country: France
Document: LTS

“Urban planning, development and regional dynamics”). Encourage companies to draw up action plans to reduce their emissions and renew their fleets, through for example reinforcing staff mobility plans, increasing the participation of companies and user representatives in transport policy decision-making on a regional scale and strengthening the fiscal tools and advantages for sustainable commuting. e) Guideline T 5: encourage the modal shift by supporting active transport and public and mass transit (for freight and passengers), and by developing transport intermodality. Supporting active modes Set an ambitious trajectory for the development of bicycle use that is consistent with the objectives of the 2018 cycling plan: increasing the modal share (in number of short-distance trips) from 3% to 12% by 2030 and to 15% by 2050.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Encourage companies to draw up action plans to reduce their emissions and renew their fleets, through for example reinforcing staff mobility plans, increasing the participation of companies and user representatives in transport policy decision-making on a regional scale
Country: France
Document: LTS

“Urban planning, development and regional dynamics”). Encourage companies to draw up action plans to reduce their emissions and renew their fleets, through for example reinforcing staff mobility plans, increasing the participation of companies and user representatives in transport policy decision-making on a regional scale and strengthening the fiscal tools and advantages for sustainable commuting. e) Guideline T 5: encourage the modal shift by supporting active transport and public and mass transit (for freight and passengers), and by developing transport intermodality. Supporting active modes Set an ambitious trajectory for the development of bicycle use that is consistent with the objectives of the 2018 cycling plan: increasing the modal share (in number of short-distance trips) from 3% to 12% by 2030 and to 15% by 2050.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: strengthening the fiscal tools and advantages for sustainable commuting
Country: France
Document: LTS

National low carbon strategy - March 2020 74/176of port and maritime sectors, make modes of transport and networks more green, optimize the weight and volume of loads, promote research and innovation and help urban transport flow more freely and cleanly. f) Guideline T 6: Manage increased demand for transport Encourage new ways of working: ◦ particularly with ambitious objectives for teleworking (for example: 50% of French teleworkers work at home on average 20% of the time, that is 10% of home-worked hours on the national scale); ◦ by introducing measures that support the development of third places, including shared work spaces and on-site services for workers. Support the rise in car sharing and other shared mobility services (carpooling etc.)

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: by introducing measures that support the development of third places, including shared work spaces and on-site services for workers.
Country: Slovakia
Document: LTS

Raise awareness of eco-driving (so-called eco-driving). Initiate a debate on a complete change in the concept of mobility, exploring ways to reduce the number of people commuting to school or work and increase support for home office. Meet the need for education, awareness-raising and awareness for the general public of the need for additional measures in this sector.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Initiate a debate on a complete change in the concept of mobility, exploring ways to reduce the number of people commuting to school or work and increase support for home office.
Country: Sri Lanka
Document: Updated NDC

The development of an environmentally sustainable transport (EST) system, basedon the concept of “Reduce-Shift-Improve” supports reducing (or avoiding) the need to travel, shifting to more environmentally friendly modes, and improving the energy efficiency of transportation and vehicle technology (focused on system efficiency, trip efficiency, and vehicle efficiency). Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.)

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Reduce commuting distances and travel time
Country: China
Document: LTS

⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel. ⚫ Actively develop large-capacity and high-efficiency inter- regional rapid passenger transport services with high-speed rail and aviation as the mainstay, improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban agglomerations, and encourage the mass transit form operation of intercity road transportation in areas with high passenger demand. 6. Achieve a substantial reduction in non-carbon dioxide GHG emissionCoordinate the management and control of non-carbon dioxide GHGs emission for energy, industrial production processes, agriculture, waste treatment and other fields.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban agglomerations,
Country: Ukraine
Document: LTS

Eco design establishes minimum requirements, while energy labelling informs buyers on energy and environmental characteristics Improvement the organization of labor relations to encourage, where possible, the use of remote work. № Policy /measure Description of policy /measure Improvement the organization of labor relations To create conditions favorable to improvement the organization of labor relations at the national and local level in order to reduce the need for employees travel by transport vehicles БАЗ ЕЕ ЕЕ+ВЕ ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ+ТРІ Signe and symbols: БАЗ– Baseline scenario; ЕЕ – «Energy efﬁciency» scenario; ЕЕ+ВЕ – «Energy efﬁciency and renewable energy»; ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ+ТРІ – scenario «Energy efﬁciency and renewable energy, modernization and innovation, market transformation and institutions».

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: To create conditions favorable to improvement the organization of labor relations at the national and local level in order to reduce the need for employees travel by transport vehicles
Country: Ukraine
Document: LTS

№ Policy /measure Description of policy /measure Improvement the organization of labor relations To create conditions favorable to improvement the organization of labor relations at the national and local level in order to reduce the need for employees travel by transport vehicles БАЗ ЕЕ ЕЕ+ВЕ ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ+ТРІ Signe and symbols: БАЗ– Baseline scenario; ЕЕ – «Energy efﬁciency» scenario; ЕЕ+ВЕ – «Energy efﬁciency and renewable energy»; ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ+ТРІ – scenario «Energy efﬁciency and renewable energy, modernization and innovation, market transformation and institutions». Figure 4.4 shows projected dynamics in GHG emissions for «Energy» and «Industrial processes» in comparison to 1990 (1990=100%) in accordance to Baseline and Alternative scenarios * Data of National Cadaster of anthropogenic emissions from the sources and absorption by absorbents of GHG in Ukraine over 1990-2015 ЕЕ+ВЕ+МІ – «Energy efﬁciency and renewable energy, modernization and innovation»; Figure 4.4.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: To create conditions favorable to improvement the organization of labor relations at the national and local level in order to reduce the need for employees travel by transport vehicles
Country: Austria
Document: LTS

by the fact that there are more small shops and grocers in towns. This will shorten the distances that need to be covered, and traffic will be effectively avoided. Modern urban and land use planning will focus on minimising the use of resources and avoiding traffic. For example, the requirement for developers to provide parking spaces for cars when erecting new residential buildings has been replaced with measures for accessing public transport. These and further measures (such as zones with combined motor vehicle, bicycle, and foot traffic) are leading to a reduction of motorised traffic in cities. Global goods transport is increasingly being replaced with regional economies, and a resource- efficient circular economy is the norm.

Question: What land use activities are envisioned?
Answer: Modern urban and land use planning will focus on minimising the use of resources and avoiding traffic. For example, the requirement for developers to provide parking spaces for cars when erecting new residential buildings has been replaced with measures for accessing public transport.
Country: Austria
Document: LTS

The majority of freight transport has been shifted to the rails, and the remaining goods transports are handled with non-fossil drives (electromobility, in part with overhead-line lorries, and with hydrogen). The role of inland shipping, which is to switch to renewable energy, has increased considerably. E-fuels produced in the EU through new and innovative technologies and second-generation biofuels will especially be used in aviation. The time required for the relevant approval processes (especially for passenger and freight transport by rail) is to be shortened so that the efficiency gains can be realised rapidly enough. 2.4.3.5 Lifestyles in 2050: People and companies profit from the mobility transformation Future land use planning can substantially reduce mobility pressure.

Question: What land use activities are envisioned?
Answer: Future land use planning can substantially reduce mobility pressure.
Country: Austria
Document: LTS

2.4.3.5 Lifestyles in 2050: People and companies profit from the mobility transformation Future land use planning can substantially reduce mobility pressure. The surface space required in cities for vehicle parking and traffic has been decreased substantially through a wide range of measures (expansion of public transport, sharing offers, etc. ), which has been very well received by the population. There is more green space, and this has made cities more resilient against the increasing number of heat waves and nights with high temperatures. The air and noise pollution from traffic has been drastically reduced.Rural areas are well serviced by an intelligent combination of micro public transport systems, intermodal interfaces in larger towns, and a robust public transport network.

Question: What land use activities are envisioned?
Answer: Future land use planning can substantially reduce mobility pressure.
Country: Cabo Verde
Document: Updated NDC

Cabo Verde will also undertake measures to advance carbon-free active mobility and sustainable maritime transport. To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.)

Question: What land use activities are envisioned?
Answer: Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning
Country: Cabo Verde
Document: Updated NDC

To contribute to the target the following measures are planned: • Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning and digitilisation (car-free areas, cycling and pedestrian lanes, functional mix and spatial density to bring living and working closer together, incentives for home-office, apps for car-sharing and taxi hailing …); • Create secured and attractive home-work urban cycling and walking networks with bicycle repair and equipment businesses in Praia and Mindelo, to promote low carbon mobility, convivial cities and local youth employment; • By 2023, quantify the national GHG reductions possible by swifting to lower carbon international maritime transport (i.e.sails or solar vessels, engine efficiency improvement, lower carbon fuels, optimise logistics and operating processes or avoidance strategies etc.) and develop a policy framework and national action plan as a measure under the International Maritime Organisation.

Question: What land use activities are envisioned?
Answer: Reduce the necessity of high-carbon mobility through urban planning
Country: France
Document: LTS

Optimize land use by industrial spaces, transport infrastructures and large infrastructures (logistics, ports, airports etc.) that cannot be located in urban areas, and diversify their uses. Promote shops in city centres before developing shops on the outskirts and optimise the footprint of existing large commercial activity zones located outside city centres in line with Action 12 of the biodiversity plan to modernise the regulatory framework and governance relating to commercial development. Incorporate measures in the planning documents encouraging the development of renewable energy, particularly in areas where their impact on the landscape, soil quality, the functioning of the ecosystems and biodiversity is limited.

Question: What land use activities are envisioned?
Answer: Optimize land use by industrial spaces, transport infrastructures and large infrastructures (logistics, ports, airports etc.) that cannot be located in urban areas, and diversify their uses.
Country: Latvia
Document: LTS

â¢ Transport infrastructure in cities and municipalities is smart and optimised A developed park and ride infrastructure, as well as multi-modal centres provide an opportunity to choose the mode of transportation that is most appropriate for the distance and route necessary. The route network of the public transport system is extensive and comprehensive, it offers the necessary level of comfort to the customers and is extensively used. Streets in cities are planned so that people have convenient and safe alternatives for reaching the final destination with public transport, shared vehicle, bicycle, on foot, leaving the private vehicle at a conveniently available site in case of necessity.

Question: What land use activities are envisioned?
Answer: Streets in cities are planned so that people have convenient and safe alternatives for reaching the final destination with public transport, shared vehicle, bicycle, on foot, leaving the private vehicle at a conveniently available site in case of necessity.
Country: Latvia
Document: LTS

Streets in cities are planned so that people have convenient and safe alternatives for reaching the final destination with public transport, shared vehicle, bicycle, on foot, leaving the private vehicle at a conveniently available site in case of necessity. 68For example, Compact of Mayors, Covenant of Mayors, Non-state Actor Zone for Climate Change (NAZCA).Translation Â© 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 49 The infrastructure of non-motorised vehicles is being developed and pedestrian zones are being expanded. The infrastructure of bicycle routes is available and extensively used.

Question: What land use activities are envisioned?
Answer: Streets in cities are planned so that people have convenient and safe alternatives for reaching the final destination with public transport, shared vehicle, bicycle, on foot, leaving the private vehicle at a conveniently available site in case of necessity.