alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

Therefore, at least several listed measures should be implemented, aiming to return the utilization level of this transport as of three years ago, and further increase it. The measure includes: • implement raising awareness campaigns • invest in stations and improve the “access to the stations” • increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • JSC Macedonian Railway Transport • End-users • Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 12.3 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • 150 freight cars and six compositions consisting of a locomotive and passenger cars ordered by the Government as part of a project with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: invest in stations and improve the “access to the stations”
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

The measure includes: • implement raising awareness campaigns • invest in stations and improve the “access to the stations” • increase the network security and expand the network coverage Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: TechnicalLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Directive on the Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles 2009/33/EC, Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans (2009/443/EC Regulation on CO2 from cars and vans 2009/443/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • National Transport Strategy • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Transport and Communications • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • JSC Macedonian Railway Transport • End-users • Private companies Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 14.8 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 12.3 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • 150 freight cars and six compositions consisting of a locomotive and passenger cars ordered by the Government as part of a project with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Some of these have already been received and put into use • Campaigns for cheaper/free driving of certain categories of passengers (young people, pensioners, etc.)

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: invest in stations and improve the “access to the stations”
Country: Senegal
Document: Updated NDC

Elles permettront : - Une amélioration globale et durable des conditions de déplacement des populations ; - Une meilleure contribution du sous-secteur à la croissance et à la productivité de l économie nationale ; - Une baisse sensible de la pollution et de l impact négatif de celle-ci sur la croissance économique ; - Une diversification des modes de transport avec le recours au transport ferroviaire et maritime. Actions stratégiques de la CDN/CDN+ - Démultiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express Régional) - Promotion des voitures hybrides Secteur des déchets Contexte du secteur Le secteur des déchets est transversal et en adéquation avec le PSE.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Démultiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express Régional)
Country: Senegal
Document: Updated NDC

Actions stratégiques de la CDN/CDN+ - Démultiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express Régional) - Promotion des voitures hybrides Secteur des déchets Contexte du secteur Le secteur des déchets est transversal et en adéquation avec le PSE. Le gouvernement a réalisé d’énormes efforts qui ont abouti à : (1) la réorganisation du secteur, à travers l’élaboration de texte règlementaires adéquats, (2) la mise en œuvre du Programme National de Gestion des Déchets solides, (3) la réalisation d’infrastructures de gestion des déchets solides et liquides, et (4) l’adoption d’un programme de sensibilisation, de formation et de renforcement de capacité.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Démultiplication du transport en commun durable (Bus Rapide Transit, Train Express Régional)
Country: Sierra Leone
Document: Updated NDC

Sustainable management of water sheds and fresh water resources for human ecological benefits Enforcement of by-laws for land use management and water sheds (Local authorities and police) Established Watershed and fresh water committee that are gender sensitive for responsible and sustainable water management Review and update of National Laws towards Water Sheds Maintain the integrity of the marine and coastal environment Capacity building and sensitization of communities to waste segregation (Door to door campaign) Building the Capacity of community Youth to transform waste into wealth Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and Designing and improvement of provincial and feeder roads using Climate resilient surfacing materials. Mass transportation (rail, road and water) for passengers and cargoes using clean alternative energy sources Improvement of the water transport system Quality control for spare parts for all types of vehicles Promote emission testing for all heavy types of machinery and vehiclesUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution build a stable economy.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Improvement of the water transport system
Country: Sierra Leone
Document: Updated NDC

Mass transportation (rail, road and water) for passengers and cargoes using clean alternative energy sources Improvement of the water transport system Quality control for spare parts for all types of vehicles Promote emission testing for all heavy types of machinery and vehiclesUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution build a stable economy. Development of transport infrastructure to incorporate walkways and bicycle tracks Introduce E-mobility programme and plans to promote the use of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motor tricycles, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. Develop strategy on the age limit of vehicles imported into Sierra Leone Adoption and application of climate- smart and conservation agriculture through best agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility and improve crop yield Goal: to Increase agricultural productivity and reduce deforestation improvement in Agricultural practices Objective 2: Using the wet and low land for crop production to reduce deforestation.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Improvement of the water transport system
Country: Singapore
Document: Updated NDC

Singapore’s carbon tax, the first in Southeast Asia, came into effect in 2019. The carbon tax is applied to direct emissions from facilities producing 25 ktCO2 e or more of GHG emissions in a year, without exemption. This covers 80% of Singapore’s carbon emissions and provides an economy-wide price signal to incentivise emissions reductions, supports other mitigation measures and facilitates transition to a low-carbon economy. Singapore is also implementing concrete measures within the various sectors. For example, for the transport sector, Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel; phase out internal combustion engine vehicles and promote the adoption of cleaner and greener vehicles, such as electric vehicles; and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure.
Country: Singapore
Document: Updated NDC

For example, for the transport sector, Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel; phase out internal combustion engine vehicles and promote the adoption of cleaner and greener vehicles, such as electric vehicles; and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure. For the buildings sector, Singapore has mandated minimum energy performance standards and developed the Super Low Energy Buildings Programme, which supports the research and adoption of cost-effective, energy-efficient and renewable energy solutions. For industry, Singapore has enhanced its grant schemes to help individual companiesimprove their energy efficiency, and have sought to bring companies within a sector together to achieve systems-level efficiency gains across the sector; h) Singapore’s climate vulnerabilities will require comprehensive adaptation efforts.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure.
Country: Somalia
Document: Updated NDC

Forestry Sector • Afforestation and Reforestation of Degraded Forests including mangroves restoration • Promote programmes aimed at reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation including through REDD+ readiness activities and implementing charcoal policy 4. Transport Sector • Improvement of road conditions through investments in road infrastructure • Improved vehicle stock efficiency including for the three wheeled Tuk-tuks 5 Waste Sector • Development of 2 sanitary land fills4.1.1 Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding The table below provides further details about the country’s mitigation contributions as guided by UNFCCC decisions: Key issue Information on the Somalia to provide clarity, transparency and understanding Base Year and Implementation Period The base year for Somalia NDC is 2015, and the timeframe for implementing mitigation and adaptation actions is 2021 to 2030. Mitigation target Somalia committed to reduce and avoid its emissions 30% by 2030 compared to BAU scenario (107.40MtCO2 eq in 2030).

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Improvement of road conditions through investments in road infrastructure
Country: Tajikistan
Document: Updated NDC

Transport: ● Resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks;● Increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks); ● Adoption of climate resilience codes and standards; ● Access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues; ● Switch to cleaner and environmentally friendly fuels for vehicles. Further expansion in use of vehicles having high fuel efficiency, corresponding to the world standards; ● Measures to encourage transition from polluting fuels to other less polluting energy or fuels, or biofuels, as well as transition to a modern energy efficient transport working on energies like gasoline to liquefied gas, hybrid vehicles (gasoline/electricity), electric vehicles and etc; ● Building facilities for car manufacturing as well as for disposal and recycling of old vehicles; ● Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides; ● Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians); ● Development of transport and urban planning (multipurpose land use, pedestrian communities, multimodal and intermodal transport, etc.)

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides;
Country: Tajikistan
Document: Updated NDC

Further expansion in use of vehicles having high fuel efficiency, corresponding to the world standards; ● Measures to encourage transition from polluting fuels to other less polluting energy or fuels, or biofuels, as well as transition to a modern energy efficient transport working on energies like gasoline to liquefied gas, hybrid vehicles (gasoline/electricity), electric vehicles and etc; ● Building facilities for car manufacturing as well as for disposal and recycling of old vehicles; ● Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides; ● Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians); ● Development of transport and urban planning (multipurpose land use, pedestrian communities, multimodal and intermodal transport, etc.) that helps to reduce the use of cars; ● Encouraging railway transportation, which allows to move the freight and/or passenger flows from road to rail; improvement of existing lines or construction of new railways and electrification of railway lines.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides;
Country: Tonga
Document: LTS

Principles: This action is highly aligned to Education and well aligned to Environment, Inclusivity, Culture and Traditional Knowledge. Link to Second NDC: This action supports the NDC target of a 2 percent efficiency gain per year for newly purchased light duty vehicles through either establishing mandatory vehicle standards and/or incentives for purchasing more efficient vehicles through taxes, fees, or import tariffs. Links to other mitigation sectors: Waste for disposal of old and inefficient vehicles including setting up of a central facility for vehicle disposal. TRANSPORT Strengthening road maintenance—Tanu Hala. GHG emission reduction potential: Low. Description: This action refers to improved road maintenance focusing on pothole repair and road resurfacing.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: This action refers to improved road maintenance focusing on pothole repair and road resurfacing.
Country: Tonga
Document: LTS

Description: This action refers to improved road maintenance focusing on pothole repair and road resurfacing. This will reduce travel costs, including movement of agricultural produce to markets, and support introduction of newer vehicles, e-vehicles, as well as cycling and walking where road resurfacing can be combined with introduction of dedicated cycle paths and pavements. To implement this action, standards (tanu Hala) with regular reporting and greater transparency will be introduced, and weight limits for trucks will be put in place. A road asset management system will be implemented to support this action. Supporting asset and capacity measures: Infrastructure - road repairs and resurfacing will be needed as well as road maintenance trucks.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: This action refers to improved road maintenance focusing on pothole repair and road resurfacing.
Country: United States of America
Document: Updated NDC

There are many opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation while also saving money for households, improving environmental quality and health in communities, and providing more choices for moving people and goods. Policies that can contribute to emissions reduction pathways consistent with the NDC include: tailpipe emissions and efficiency standards; incentives for zero emission personal vehicles; funding for charging infrastructure to support multi-unit dwellings, public charging, and long-distance travel; and research, development, demonstration, and deployment efforts to support advances in very low carbon new-generation renewable fuels for applications like aviation, and other cutting-edge transportation technologies across modes. Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled
Country: United States of America
Document: Updated NDC

Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled. While the emissions pathways analyzed focus on domestic emissions reduction, the United States is also exploring ways to support decarbonization of international maritime and aviation energy use through domestic action as well as through the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). • Buildings: Building sector emissions come from electricity use, as well as fossil fuels burned on site for heating air and water and for cooking. There are many options to avoid these emissions while reducing energy cost burden for families and improving health and resilience in communities.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Investment in a wider array of transportation infrastructure will also make more choices available to travelers, including transit, rail, biking, and pedestrian improvements to reduce the need for vehicle miles traveled
Country: Syrian Arab Republic
Document: Updated NDC

The transport strategy to mitigate emissions includes the following plans and projects: - Updating and activating the technical inspection procedures in order to comply with the permitted percentages of the gas emission by the car exhausts, and rehabilitating the technical inspection lanes in the transport directorates, especially the modern and advanced equipment needed, such as exhaust gases. - Developing urban transportation systems and encouraging sustainable transportation, as well as rehabilitating and developing of railways, taking into account the role of railways to reduce the rates of pollution caused by other means of transportation. - Improving the quality of fuel used in transportation ,as well as the use of green fuel and blue gasoline.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: as well as rehabilitating and developing of railways, taking into account the role of railways to reduce the rates of pollution caused by other means of transportation.
Country: Bhutan
Document: 1st NDC

Sustainable forest management and conservation of biodiversity to ensure sustained environmental services through: • Sustainable management of forest management units (FMUs), protected areas, community forests, forest areas outside FMUs, and private forests • Enhancing forest information and monitoring infrastructure through national forest inventories and carbon stock assessments • Forest fire management and rehabilitation of degraded and barren forest lands 2. Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways
Country: Bhutan
Document: 1st NDC

Promotion of low carbon transport system by: • Improving mass transit and demand side management of personal modes of transport• Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways • Improving efficiency in freight transport • Promoting non‐motorized transport and non‐fossil fuel powered transport such as electric and fuel cell vehicles • Improving efficiency and emissions from existing vehicles through standards and capacity building • Promoting use of appropriate intelligent transport systems 3. Minimize GHG emission through application of zero waste concept and sustainable waste management practices: • Enhancement of the three R principles including the conversion of waste to resources • Improving the current system and infrastructure for waste management 4.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Exploring alternative modes of transport to road transport such as rail, water and gravity ropeways
Country: Canada
Document: 1st NDC

These regulations will also lead to the phase-out of existing coal-fired electricity units without carbon capture and storage; • renewable fuels regulations require that gasoline contain an average 5% renewable fuel content and that most diesel fuel contain an average 2% content. The federal government is also taking action to address transportation emissions from the rail, marine, and aviation subsectors.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: The federal government is also taking action to address transportation emissions from the rail, marine, and aviation subsectors
Country: Canada
Document: 1st NDC

The federal government is also taking action to address transportation emissions from the rail, marine, and aviation subsectors. The federal government is currently developing additional regulatory measures that will: • establish more stringent standards in the transportation sector for heavy-duty vehicles of post-2018 model years; • gradually phase down HFCs, which will limit potent GHG emissions that are expected to increase substantially in the next 10 to 15 years; • reduce GHG emissions from natural gas-fired electricity, as well as from chemicals and nitrogen fertilizers; • reduce methane emissions from the oil and gas sector. Canada’s regulatory approach is aligned with that of the United States, where appropriate, recognizing the importance of cooperative action in an integrated North American marketplace.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: The federal government is also taking action to address transportation emissions from the rail, marine, and aviation subsectors