alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

• Imports: Out of total country s imports valued at 811.4 million in 2018, value of imports of commodities (cereal flour, dried legumes, sorghum, wheat flour, corn, rice etc.) equals US$137.6 million. 1 NATCOM report, accessed on 9 October 2020 Quantity of key crops produced in South Sudan Fishing Fishing provides a source of food security and livelihood for the people of South Sudan. • About 1.7 million people depend on fisheries for their livelihood, food security or income34 • The sector produces only 140,000 tonnes/year, however the annual potential is equivalent to 200,000 tonnes. It is attributed due to inadequate infrastructure like lack of cold storage facilities which leads to a significant loss.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 200
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

South Sudan also witnesses extensive conversion of forests and woodlands into grasslands, pastures and agricultural lands. The current deforestation rate is estimated to be 2 percent per year (UNEP, 2018a). As a result of continual deforestation and rapid conversion of forestlands, land use, land-use change and forestry was a net positive emitter of GHG emissions between 2005 and 2015, with net emissions equal to 2.76 million tCO e in 2015 (Figure 28).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 200
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

As a result of continual deforestation and rapid conversion of forestlands, land use, land-use change and forestry was a net positive emitter of GHG emissions between 2005 and 2015, with net emissions equal to 2.76 million tCO e in 2015 (Figure 28). Apart from deforestation, other major challenges to sustainable forest management in South Sudan include a lack of coordination between the state and national governments on forest management and a knowledge gap on the current status of natural forest resources at national and regional Men Women Total Thousand workers Figure 27: Employment in the construction sector, Source: SCP-HAT, 2015 GHG emissions Net emissions Forest land Land converted to cropland Land converted to grassland Figure 28: GHG emissions and sinks in land use, land-use change and forestry, 2015 Source: South Sudan Ministry of Environment, 201884 Second Nationally Determined Contribution levels.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 200
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

Afforestation and reforestation activities, including the reclamation of degraded land, will provide high employment opportunities. This is also evident from estimates that suggest that afforestation, reforestation and the control of desertification of 5,000 square kilometres of land annually, could potentially create 4–5 million full-time-equivalent jobs (Nair and Rutt, 2009). In addition, promotion of community-based forest management and ecotourism in South Sudan will contribute to a more diverse employment base. It will provide more opportunities to the local workforce that has the capacity and traditional knowledge to carry out forest management work, which is needed to improve and restore forest ecosystems. Since women are traditionally engaged in collecting fuel wood and food from forests, they have more knowledge of the trees and forests in terms of biological diversity, sustainable management and conservation practices (FAO, 2014).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 200
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

The number of wildlife species has decreased significantly in key wildlife areas of the country. For instance, elephant populations have declined from 20,000 in 1980 to less than 2,500 in 2007, and giraffe populations declined from 96,000 to less than 500 during the same period (UNEP, 2018a). Increasing climate variability exacerbates this existing stress on South Sudan’s ecosystems. Rising temperatures and erratic rainfall have led to floods and droughts in the region, which negatively impact natural ecosystems, especially the ecologically sensitive zones such as the Sudd wetland. According to recent published research, methane emissions from wetlands in East Africa, especially the Sudd wetland, were responsible for about a third of the growth in global emissions between 2010 and 2016.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 200
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

The emissions increased from 0.17 million tCO e in 2012 to 0.20 million tonnes in 2015. Although South Sudan is completely dependent on thermal power generation, it has great potential for generating electricity through renewable energy sources. Most areas of the country receive 10–12 hours of sunshine a day, with a solar potential of approximately 6.9 gigajoules per square metre per year. Currently, solar-based energy generation is insignificant in the country and it is estimated that only about 45,000 households have some form of lighting or electrical appliance powered by solar energy. South Sudan also has huge potential for hydropower, with more than 200 suitable sites for small-scale hydropower generation plants. The hydropower potential is estimated to be 4,860 MW with an annual production of 24,132 gigawatt-hours (South Sudan Ministry of Environment, 2018).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 200
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

Due to its relatively small population and limited industrial development, water demand is low in South Sudan compared to its neighbouring countries. However, demand is expected to rise significantly with increasing population and industrial activities. The Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation reported, in 2007, that the impact of human activities on the quantity and quality of water resources was already evident and of growing concern. Moreover, it has been observed that once-perennial rivers in South Sudan are becoming seasonal. Climate change is likely to exacerbate this problem, impacting water availability and reliability. Another critical issue in South Sudan is the absence of wastewater management infrastructure. Untreated municipal wastewater, sludge and industrial effluents run directly into water bodies, since most towns lack water treatment and adequate sanitation facilities.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 200
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

The share of GHG emissions from domestic production was 0.0036 million tCO e, contributing marginally (0.005 percent) to total domestic production GHG emissions (67.6 million tCO e). Other environmental impacts of hotels and restaurants are observed in terms of natural resource consumption, such as water, and waste generation. In 2017, hotels and institutions in Juba generated 62 tonnes per day (5 percent of total waste generated) (JICA, 2018). 7.8.2 Emission reduction potential Globally, the tourism sector contributed 8 percent to emissions between 2009–2013 (Dunne, 2018). The majority of these emissions (more than 50 percent) came from aviation and road transport, followed by accommodation (World Tourism Organization, 2019). Since emissions related to domestic transport (both road and aviation) for South Sudan are accounted for in the transport sector, here the focus is only on emission reduction from the hotel industry.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 200
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

However, these are currently neither efficient nor reliable. Road transport is the single largest mode of transport, with most goods being transported by road. However, most roads (including highways) are unpaved and are inaccessible during the rainy season due to poor maintenance. The poor infrastructure results in freight tariffs being almost four times higher than those in neighbouring countries. Vehicle ownership remains low as a result of the country’s low average income and poor road infrastructure. Most of the vehicles imported are used and old and are therefore inefficient. South Sudan has 248 kilometres of narrow-gauge single-track railway, stretching from Babonosa in north Sudan to Wau. However, the rail network has not been operational since 2009/2010. The country has one heliport and about 85 airports, of which only three have paved runways.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 200
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol. 19, No. 23 (December), pp. 14721–14740. acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/14721/2019/. Accessed 12 April 2021. Mai, N. J. H., N. Tiitmamer and J. M. Jok (2018). Climate Change and Gender in South Sudan. Juba: The Sudd Institute. www.africaportal. org/publications/climate-change-and-gender- low%20access%20to.162 Second Nationally Determined Contribution Marcacci, S. (2019). Renewable Energy Job Boom Creates Economic Opportunity As Coal Industry Slumps, 22 April. www.forbes. renewable-energy-job-boom-creating- economic-opportunity-as-coal-industry- November 2020. Migration Data Portal (2020). Migration Data in Eastern Africa. Berlin. org/de/regional-data-overview/eastern- 12 December 2020. Mozersky, D. and D. M. Kammen (2018). South Sudan’s Renewable Energy Potential. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace. www. south-sudans-renewable-energy-potential- a-building-block-for-peace.pdf. Accessed 9 December 2020. Nair, C. T. S. and R. Rutt (2009). Creating Forestry Jobs to Boost the Economy and Build a Green Future. Rome: FAO. www.fao.org/3/i1025e/ 2020. National Resources Defence Council (2014).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 200
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

surrounding%20areas.164 Second Nationally Determined Contribution UNEP (2018b). South Sudan Cracks Down on Charcoal Trade, 2 August. www.unep.org/news-and- stories/story/south-sudan-cracks-down- charcoal-trade. UNEP (2019). National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2018–2027). Nairobi. www.cbd.int/ 12 December 2020. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2018). UN Works with Global Hotel Industry to Reduce Emissions, 31 January. hotel-industry-to-reduce-emissions. Accessed 9 December 2020. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2020). Global Trends Forced Displacement in 2019. www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2019/. Accessed 6 December 2020. United Nations WomenWatch (2009). Women, Gender Equality and Climate Change. www. un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/ downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_ Factsheet.pdf. USAID (2012). Education in South Sudan. www.usaid. SouthSudanInfo.pdf. Accessed 10 December 2020. USAID (2016). Climate Risk Profile: South Sudan. Sheet%20-%20South%20Sudan_0.pdf. Accessed 3 December 2020. USAID (2017). Water and Development Country Plan. Juba. www.globalwaters.org/sites/default/files/ south_sudan_country_plan.pdf. Accessed 29 November 2020. Verisk Maplecroft (2017). Climate Change Vulnerability Index 2017. int/files/resources/verisk%20index.pdf.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 200
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

Source: BEIS Business and Industry Public Sector Transport Power Homes Natural Resources Figure 10: UK emissions by sector, 2015127 Heating in buildings and industry creates around 32% of total UK emissionsThe Clean Growth Strategy 131 BEIS initial estimates of a subset of new early stage policies and proposals show an additional potential reduction of up to 30 Mt and 80 Mt over the fourth and fifth carbon budget periods respectively; these and other policies will be developed building on the proposals outlined in the Strategy. 132 The Act sets out specific requirements to follow before deciding to use a particular flexibility (such as seeking advice from the Committee on Climate Change before banking) or when creating a framework for a decision to be taken within (such as setting a limit on the amount of carbon units which can be used to meet carbon budgets).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 132
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

132 The Act sets out specific requirements to follow before deciding to use a particular flexibility (such as seeking advice from the Committee on Climate Change before banking) or when creating a framework for a decision to be taken within (such as setting a limit on the amount of carbon units which can be used to meet carbon budgets). Any use of flexibilities needs to be consistent with keeping the UK on track to meet its long term target in 2050 having regard to domestic action. 133 Government will take a decision on whether to bank any surplus from the second to third carbon budget by May 2019 and from the third to the fourth carbon budgets in May 2024.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 132
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

133 Government will take a decision on whether to bank any surplus from the second to third carbon budget by May 2019 and from the third to the fourth carbon budgets in May 2024. The decision will be made after taking into account advice from the Committee on Climate Change and consulting with the Devolved Administrations. Table 2: Performance against carbon budgets130 The Cimate Change Act 2008132 The Act allows Government some flexibility on when and how to reduce UK emissions on route to 2050 but before doing so the Government must obtain and take into account the advice of the Committee on Climate Change and consult the Devolved Administrations. There are three options: 1.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 132
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

Table 2: Performance against carbon budgets130 The Cimate Change Act 2008132 The Act allows Government some flexibility on when and how to reduce UK emissions on route to 2050 but before doing so the Government must obtain and take into account the advice of the Committee on Climate Change and consult the Devolved Administrations. There are three options: 1. Carry forward over-achievement from earlier budgets: The Act allows for Government to carry forward over- achievement from one carbon budget to the next, so that early action to reduce emissions increases the following budget133. 2. Carry back from later carbon budgets: The Act allows for the Government to increase the carbon budget in one period with a corresponding tightening of the next carbon budget. This ‘borrowing’ is limited to one per cent of the later carbon budget. 3.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 132
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

This ‘borrowing’ is limited to one per cent of the later carbon budget. 3. Use international carbon credits: The Act allows for the purchase of good quality international carbon credits to contribute to meeting carbon budgets but with a limit on the use of these credits set 18 months in advance of the relevant carbon budget. Carbon Budget Existing policies Projected emissions, cumulative emissions, Mt actual E E E E Existing and new policies and Projected emissions, cumulative emissions, Mt actual E E E E Result vs. Budget, cumulative emissions, Mt Cumulative surplus (+) or deficit (-), Mt +132 +223 +107 -6042 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Delivering Affordable Energy Actions taken to tackle emissions have helped to reduce average energy bills for households as efficiency savings have more than offset the cost of financial support provided for developing low carbon technologies.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 132
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

Carbon Budget Existing policies Projected emissions, cumulative emissions, Mt actual E E E E Existing and new policies and Projected emissions, cumulative emissions, Mt actual E E E E Result vs. Budget, cumulative emissions, Mt Cumulative surplus (+) or deficit (-), Mt +132 +223 +107 -6042 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Delivering Affordable Energy Actions taken to tackle emissions have helped to reduce average energy bills for households as efficiency savings have more than offset the cost of financial support provided for developing low carbon technologies. The cost of policies delivering cleaner energy, support for vulnerable households and investing in upgrading our buildings accounts for around 12 per cent of an average gas and electricity bill. However, these costs are on average more than offset by savings from improvements to the energy efficiency of people’s homes, delivering a saving of £14 on average in 2016 (see figure 11).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 132
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

2018 BEIS Develop and consult on a package of measures to support businesses to improve how productively they use energy. BEIS/HMT Ensure incentives for investment in energy efficiency are regularly reviewed, for instance the list of products that qualify for enhanced capital allowances tax relief. On-going BEIS Undertake an evaluation of the Climate Change Agreements to inform any successor scheme from 2023. Expected to commence in 2018 132 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Annex B: Actions and milestones This annex sets out actions and milestones that the Government is committing to in this plan, and related publications. Actions will be updated and progress reported through the Government’s response to the Committee on Climate Change’s annual progress report.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 132
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

The Committee on Climate Change The Act also established the Committee on Climate Change (CCC), an independent statutory body, to advise the Government and the Devolved Administrations on setting and meeting carbon budgets. The CCC advises on the level of each budget, the respective contributions that different sectors could make and the extent to which carbon budgets could be met through the use of flexibilities. Legislated carbon budgets Five carbon budgets have been set to date, covering 2008 to 2032319. The fourth carbon budget (covering 2023 to 2027) was set in June 2011320. The fifth carbon budget (covering 2028 to 2032) was set in July 2016321. Accounting for emissions The UK’s performance against its 2050 target and carbon budgets is assessed through the UK’s net carbon account, measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO e)322.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 132
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

China has put ‘Green Development’ at the heart of its current five year economic strategy85 and committed to reduce its level of carbon emissions per unit of economic activity by 60 per cent to 65 per cent by 2030 compared to 2005. India’s targets commit to reducing emissions by 33 to 35 per cent over the same period, and Prime Minister Modi has plans to make India a leader in solar and renewable energy86. These ambitions have translated into impressive plans. India plans to increase its renewable power fivefold to 175 gigawatts by 202287, including 60 gigawatts of wind and 100 gigawatts of solar; and China has committed to invest $360 billion in low carbon power by 202088, increasing its renewable energy capacity by around 40 per cent. This ambition extends to the transport sector.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 228
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

We will announce plans for the public sector to lead the way in transitioning to zero emission vehicles, with an ambitious uptake requirement for central government and new Buying Standards to encourage procurers to choose the cleanest, low emission vehicle. 7. We will support the uptake of low emission taxis: • The Government will provide £50 million for the Plug-in Taxi programme, which gives taxi drivers up to £7,500 off the purchase price of a new ULEV taxi, alongside £14 million to support ten local areas to deliver dedicated charge points for taxis228. • We will consider whether our revised best practice guidance to local taxi and private hire vehicle (PHV) licensing authorities in England should recommend zero emission capability in urban areas by 2032.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 228
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

• We will consider whether our revised best practice guidance to local taxi and private hire vehicle (PHV) licensing authorities in England should recommend zero emission capability in urban areas by 2032. In considering the Law Commission’s recommendation for national taxi and PHV standards in England, we will examine the potential for Government to make this target mandatory. 227 DfT (2017) £23 million boost for hydrogen-powered vehicles and infrastructure 228 BEIS, DfT (2017) 1,000 jobs created at new £325 million factory for electric taxis Electric Cars Sue Bentley from Runcorn, Cheshire: “When I purchased an electric car I was the only one in my neighbourhood at that time. I believe electric vehicles are the way forward, they’re easy to run, reliable and good for the planet.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 228
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

Technology and resource costs and performance assumptions were also kept the same and sector emissions were aligned to those in the 2032 pathway described in this Strategy. Impact of international aviation and shipping on 2050 emissions International aviation and shipping emissions are not currently included within the UK’s targets under the Climate Change Act. However, carbon budgets have been set in a way that takes these emissions into account – the UK is on a trajectory that could be consistent with a 2050 target that includes emissions from international aviation and shipping.154 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy 348 CCC (2015) Sectoral scenarios for the fifth carbon budget

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 348
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

However, carbon budgets have been set in a way that takes these emissions into account – the UK is on a trajectory that could be consistent with a 2050 target that includes emissions from international aviation and shipping.154 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy 348 CCC (2015) Sectoral scenarios for the fifth carbon budget The CCC’s central scenario allows 37.5 MtCO e for aviation emissions in 2050, of which 36.2 MtCO e 349 The AC used two scenarios – one called “carbon capped”, and one called “carbon-traded”. In the “carbon-capped” scenario, the AC’s analysis showed that policies are available to limit UK aviation emissions to the CCC planning assumption of 37.5 MtCO e in 2050 (domestic and international).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 348
Country: United Kingdom
Document: Archived LTS

In the “carbon-capped” scenario, the AC’s analysis showed that policies are available to limit UK aviation emissions to the CCC planning assumption of 37.5 MtCO e in 2050 (domestic and international). In the “carbon traded” scenario, there is a global carbon market allowing reductions to be made where they are most efficient across the global economy resulting in UK aviation emissions of 44 MtCO e (domestic and international). e total international aviation and shipping emission assumed in this scenario The Government has not reached a final view on the appropriate level of international aviation and shipping emissions in 2050. The CCC in their advice on the fifth carbon budget advised leaving space in the 2050 target of around e. This has been the modelling assumption used throughout this Strategy348.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 348