alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Republic of Korea
Document: LTS

The Government will scale up its support for future mobility for its enhanced competitiveness and take policies in conjunction with fuel efficiency regulations to promote the use of low-carbon fuels. The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation;
Country: Republic of Korea
Document: LTS

The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017. Minimizing the energy use in the building sector, while maximizing the energy efficiency and supplying low-carbon energy, is the most cost-effective mitigation option that can reduce the energy cost and GHG emissions at the same time.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation;
Country: Republic of Korea
Document: LTS

Convert into new materials and promote products with high added values ● ○ ○ 3. Improve equipment efficiency ● ● ● 4. Promote smart factory and smart industrial complex ◐ ● ◐ 5. Use CCUS ● ◐ ○ 6. Use low-carbon fuels and materials ○ ● ● 7. Reduce emissions from industrial process ● ● ● Buildings 1. Improve building energy efficiency ● ● ○ 2. Supply highly efficient equipment ◐ ● ◐ 3. Promote smart energy management ○ ◐ ◐ 4. Promote renewables and use waste heat ● ◐ ○ Transportation 1. Mix biofuels for road transportation ◐ ● ◐ 2. Promote eco-friendly vehicles and improve average fuel efficiency ● ● ◐ 3. Advance railway system ○ ◐ ○ 4. Advance aviation system ○ ◐ ○ 5. Advance shipping system ○ ◐ ○ 6. Promote traffic demand management ◐ - - Waste 1.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Promote traffic demand management
Country: Republic of Korea
Document: LTS

Promote traffic demand management ◐ - - Waste 1. Recycle and reduce at source ● ● ○ 2. Methane gas recovery Hygienic landfills ◐ ● ◐ Biological treatment facility ● ● ◐ 3. Increase aerobic operation of landfills ● ○ ◐ 4. Replace with bioplastics ● ○ ● Farming 1. Transition to smart farming ◐ ● ◐ 2. Develop and deploy low-carbon agricultural practices ● ◐ ◐ 3. Promote participatory policies for farmers and consumers ◐ ◐ ◐ 4. Scale up deployment of eco-friendly energy ● ● ◐ Carbon sinks (forest) 1. Expand forests(afforestation, reforestation) ◐ ◐ ◐ 2. Maintain carbon sinks (forest management) ● ◐ ● 3. Expand timber supply ◐ ◐ ◐ * Outlook indictor ●: high, ◐: medium, ○: low Source 2050 Low-carbon Vision Forum s proposal (February, 2020)Visions and Strategies by Sector 1. Energy supply ·············································································· 54 6.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Promote traffic demand management
Country: Republic of Korea
Document: LTS

Advancement of internal combustion engine has made a remarkable progress in achieving convenience and mobility for people and goods and shortening travel time. The progress has removed all distance-related obstacles in human history. Another paradigm shift in the transportation sector, that could be on a par with the 2nd Industrial Revolution, is now underway. This paradigm shift is led by growing demand for carbon neutrality as well as advancement of Industry 4.0 technologies. Unlike the previous modal transformation that has focused on increasing convenience and shortening travel time, eco-friendliness and smart intelligence are the two keys to the ongoing paradigm shift. This modal transformation seeks to move away from the existing petroleum-based mobility and progress towards future mobility characterized by eco-friendly and autonomous vehicles.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: modal transformation that has focused on increasing convenience and shortening travel time, eco-friendliness and smart intelligence are the two keys to the ongoing paradigm shift
Country: Republic of Korea
Document: LTS

National-level R&D is underway for the commercial deployment of hydrogen-powered trains, ships and drones in Korea by 2030. Such advanced future technologies will help achieve carbon neutrality in the transportation sector.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Managing transportation demand and optimizing vehicle operation Changing people’s behavioral patterns and improving social infrastructure could be an important mitigation strategy as well. The prime example is measures to limit people’s driving to reduce energy consumption, and to optimize traffic operation to make energy consumption more efficient. Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility.
Country: Republic of Korea
Document: LTS

Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility. Given that half of the entire population in Korea is living in Seoul capital area, policies to promote the use of public transportation in/out of the metropolitan area will solve the problem of traffic congestion during rush hours. Expanding car sharing service in remote areas without access to public transportation is likely to have a positive effect of controlling demand as the service is expected to reduce the number of cars owned and restrain driving.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility.
Country: Republic of Korea
Document: LTS

AVs are another valid opportunity for reducing GHG emissions. The AV technology also aims to maximize car operational efficiency and improve energy efficiency as well. Policies for traffic demand management and optimized car operation are expected to improve energy efficiency, which will contribute to achieving the transportation sector’s vision by 2050. ▍Modal shift Korea has the world’s leading logistics system that enables same-day deliveries of goods nationwide. Evolving logistics system is dynamically changing people’s consumption pattern from offline purchases to online shopping, and this trend will accelerate in the years to come.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Policies for traffic demand management and optimized car operation are expected to improve energy efficiency, which will contribute to achieving the transportation sector’s vision by 2050
Country: Sri Lanka
Document: Updated NDC

The development of an environmentally sustainable transport (EST) system, basedon the concept of “Reduce-Shift-Improve” supports reducing (or avoiding) the need to travel, shifting to more environmentally friendly modes, and improving the energy efficiency of transportation and vehicle technology (focused on system efficiency, trip efficiency, and vehicle efficiency). Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.)

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Avoid the need to travel
Country: United Kingdom
Document: LTS

• Building on the £1.9 billion from Spending Review 2020, the Government has committed an additional £620 million to support the transition to electric vehicles. The funding will support the rollout of charging infrastructure, with a particular focus on local on-street residential charging, and targeted plug-in vehicle grants. • Build a globally competitive zero emission vehicle supply chain and ensure our automotive sector is at the forefront of the transition to net zero. • Lead by example with 25% of the government car fleet ultra low emission by December 2022 and all the government car and van fleet zero emission by 2027. • Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030
Country: United Kingdom
Document: LTS

• Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector. • Maximise carbon savings from the use of low carbon fuels, including by increasing the main Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) target. • Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking. • Support decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament. • Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030
Country: United Kingdom
Document: LTS

The government remains technology neutral and acknowledges that there will be other transport applications where hydrogen may be well suited, including the potential for hydrogen to be utilised within combustion engines, where it can be shown to produce zero harmful emissions at the tailpipe. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the Economy51. We are investing £3 million in 2021 to establish the UK’s first multi-modal hydrogen transport hub in Tees Valley. The funding is kick-starting activity across the region, supporting collaborative R&D pilot projects and pop-up trials that demonstrate hydrogen technology solutions across transport modes and forge new industry and academic partnerships. Future transport – more choice, better efficiency 52. We will take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030. Increasing car occupancy from 1.55 to 1.7 could save nearly 3 Mt of carbon a year by 2030.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030
Country: Cameroon
Document: Updated NDC

2) Intensification d une production agricole, animale et halieutique respectueuse de l environnement et permettant de limiter la déforestation / dégradation - Amélioration durable de la productivité agricole et gestion durable de la production animale et halieutique ; - Adaptation des calendriers culturaux, et des techniques de production ; - Limitation des émissions de méthane de la riziculture en réduisant au maximum la submersion ; -Renforcement des partenariats et collaborations pour améliorer la productivité́ des sols, la mise en œuvre d’innovations agricoles ; développer l’agriculture raisonnée, conservatoire ou durable Réduction du CH4 des cultures de riz 3) Promotion des pratiques permettant d améliorer les capacités de production agricole et valoriser les ressources du milieu - Utilisation des inhibiteurs de nitrification ; - Supplémentation en matières grasses dans l alimentation des ruminants (% de matières grasses DM ajoutées)République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Energie/Déchets  Grands enjeux de l énergie: (i) Améliorer l accès des populations et des industries à l électricité en quadruplant la capacité de production à l’horizon 2035 pour passer à 6 GW ; (ii) accroitre l utilisation des énergies renouvelables dans la production d électricité, surtout dans les zones difficilement raccordables au réseau électrique et (iii) faire de l’efficacité énergétique une priorité nationale.  Grands enjeux des déchets : Améliorer la salubrité urbaine notamment en faisant des déchets une ressource pour la production d’énergie  MESSAGE CLE : « Porter à 25 % la part des énergies renouvelables hors grande hydro dans le bouquet électrique en 2035 » Orientations par rapport à la SND 30 Actions d’atténuation retenues Options de réduction retenues 4) Maitrise de la consommation énergétique des systèmes par une politique d efficacité́ énergétique volontariste - Promotion de l’efficacité énergétique; - Mise en place d une règlementation sur l efficacité́ énergétique (EE); - Création et opérationnalisation l’Agence de promotion et de rationalisation de l’utilisation des énergies (APRUE); - Développement des incitations économiques pour promouvoir et lever les barrières à l investissement dans l EE; - Favorisation de l achat de véhicules peu polluants et mise au rebut des véhicules - Éclairage efficace avec les ampoules fluo compactes; - Éclairage efficace avec LED; - Éclairage efficace avec LED remplaçant les fluo compactes; - Efficacité énergétique dans l industrie; - Éclairage de bureau efficace avec des ampoules fluo compactes: - Éclairage de bureau efficace avec LED; - Éclairage public efficace; - Efficacité énergétique de service ; - Réseaux électrique efficaces ; - Mini hydroélectricité hors réseau ;République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 plus polluants via des normes, incitations ou obligations ; - Promotion des modes de transport à faible émission carbone.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Promotion des modes de transport à faible émission carbone.
Country: Cameroon
Document: Updated NDC

 Grands enjeux des déchets : Améliorer la salubrité urbaine notamment en faisant des déchets une ressource pour la production d’énergie  MESSAGE CLE : « Porter à 25 % la part des énergies renouvelables hors grande hydro dans le bouquet électrique en 2035 » Orientations par rapport à la SND 30 Actions d’atténuation retenues Options de réduction retenues 4) Maitrise de la consommation énergétique des systèmes par une politique d efficacité́ énergétique volontariste - Promotion de l’efficacité énergétique; - Mise en place d une règlementation sur l efficacité́ énergétique (EE); - Création et opérationnalisation l’Agence de promotion et de rationalisation de l’utilisation des énergies (APRUE); - Développement des incitations économiques pour promouvoir et lever les barrières à l investissement dans l EE; - Favorisation de l achat de véhicules peu polluants et mise au rebut des véhicules - Éclairage efficace avec les ampoules fluo compactes; - Éclairage efficace avec LED; - Éclairage efficace avec LED remplaçant les fluo compactes; - Efficacité énergétique dans l industrie; - Éclairage de bureau efficace avec des ampoules fluo compactes: - Éclairage de bureau efficace avec LED; - Éclairage public efficace; - Efficacité énergétique de service ; - Réseaux électrique efficaces ; - Mini hydroélectricité hors réseau ;République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 plus polluants via des normes, incitations ou obligations ; - Promotion des modes de transport à faible émission carbone. - Services d’autobus Express 5) Valorisation efficiente des ressources pour tendre vers une économie circulaire - Gestion durable et efficace des déchets, - Renforcement des politiques de gestion des déchets (d’ici à 2035, toutes les grandes villes devraient avoir des décharges aménagées avec au moins 70 % de captage de méthane) ; - Promotion du développement d’une économie circulaire ; - Récupération / utilisation des déchets agricoles et forestiers ; compostage ; - Valorisation / traitement des autres déchets (station d’épuration, boues de vidange.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Promotion des modes de transport à faible émission carbone.
Country: Ecuador
Document: Updated NDC

- Desarrollo y promoción de un mercado de Empresas de Gestión de la Energía (ESCOs). Programa de Eficiencia Energética - Optimización de Generación Eléctrica y Eficiencia Energética (OGE&EE) - Reducción de la quema de gas asociado en antorcha - Utilización del gas asociado al petróleo para la generación de energía eléctrica y producción de GLP. (Ampliación del Programa). Energías Renovables - Bloque de Proyectos de Renovables no convencionales. - Energía Geotermia. - Hidroenergía: Santiago I, II NAMA de transporte de carga y pasajeros - Acciones de reducción de emisiones de GEI en transporte de carga. - Acciones de reducción de emisiones de GEI en transporte de pasajeros en Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca. -Eficiencia energética en el sector de Hidrocarburos - Recambio de motores del Sistema de Oleoductos Transecuatoriano (SOTE). - Ciclo Combinado en Refinería.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Acciones de reducción de emisiones de GEI en transporte de pasajeros en Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca
Country: Indonesia
Document: LTS

• The breakdown of transport energy in 2050 are: biofuels (46%), oil fuels (20%), electricity (30%) and natural gas (4%). The biofuel (CPO-based) programme is considered successful and will be continued to 2050 by supplying biofuel with higher biodiesel proportions (B30, B40, B50), which will be produced from sustainable sources. • “Mobility as a service” will continue to grow. • Household expenditure for transport is around 20% of total household spending. • Choice of mode of transport is affected by cost, comfort level and social status. • Many cities are connected by inter-city trains especially in Java. Existing plan shows that 3,200 km of train tracks will be built to serve transport in Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. b.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Choice of mode of transport is affected by cost, comfort level and social status.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Document: Updated NDC

Reducing coal consumption through gasification of households in the country (WM)19 1.2. Replacement of light vehicles with internal combustion engines for electric vehicles (WAM) 1.3. Improving Traffic Management and Cycling Infrastructure Development (WM) 1.4. Reduction of electricity losses during transmission (WM) 1.5. Reduction of electricity losses during distribution (WM)19 1.6. Replacement of buses with diesel/gasoline fuel engines by buses with gas-powered engines in Bishkek (WM) 1.7. Reconstruction and improvement of the heat supply system of the city of Bishkek (WM) 1.8. Replacement of diesel/ gasoline fuel engines buses with buses with gas-powered engines in Osh city (WAM) 16 The presented measures were collected and discussed during the consultations of the first round of sectoral technical meetings. The calculation methodology was presented, discussed and agreed upon in a second round of technical meetings with sector stakeholders. 17 Evaluation by UNDP. 18 Evaluation by UNDP.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: Improving Traffic Management and Cycling Infrastructure Development
Country: Republic of Moldova
Document: Updated NDC

Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport.

Question: What changes are considered for transport demand management?
Answer: fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all