alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: United Kingdom
Document: LTS

• UK aviation and shipping will achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Ahead of that, our domestic lead will act as a showcase to the world and bolster our call to action internationally, where cooperation and collaboration through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), will continue to be vital to decarbonise these industries. • The Government has set CB6 to formally include the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions, as recommended by the CCC, which allows these emissions to be accounted for within CB6. • We will address aviation emissions through new technology such as electric and hydrogen aircraft, the commercialisation of sustainable aviation fuels, increasing operational efficiencies, developing and implementing market-based measures and GHG removal methods, while influencing consumers to make more sustainable choices when flying.

Question: What stakeholders are involved?
Answer: cooperation and collaboration through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Country: United Kingdom
Document: LTS

This will support levelling-up and help reinvent high streets as enjoyable places to live, work, visit and spend leisure time. Policies and proposals 14. As the Transport Decarbonisation Plan and this Strategy are implemented, we will continue to consider the views of stakeholders from across the UK. We will engage closely with Devolved Administrations, respecting areas of devolved competency, as we work towards our shared goal of achieving net zero. We will also continue to collaborate with local authorities and other regional bodies to identify and support local solutions. 15. Depending on progress in the sector, at some points additional targeted action maybe be required, such as steps to reduce use of the most polluting cars and tackle urban congestion, to enable these targets to be met.

Question: What stakeholders are involved?
Answer: As the Transport Decarbonisation Plan and this Strategy are implemented, we will continue to consider the views of stakeholders from across the UK
Country: Barbados
Document: Updated NDC

Between March 2020 and April 2021, an extensive stakeholder consultation process was conducted on the basis of a detailed engagement plan. The engagement plan identified relevant stakeholders from across civil society, science, the private sector, development partners and government ministries. Two rounds of dialogues were held involving close to 100 participants. The first dialogue focused on identification of problem statements and policies and measures across three thematic sessions: Energy and transport/agriculture, waste and water resources/coastal zone and disaster risk management and tourism. The second dialogue was concerned with validation of the technical work and prioritization of measures for inclusion in the NDC update.

Question: What stakeholders are involved?
Answer: Two rounds of dialogues were held involving close to 100 participants. The first dialogue focused on identification of problem statements and policies and measures across three thematic sessions: Energy and transport/agriculture, waste and water resources/coastal zone and disaster risk management and tourism
Country: Myanmar
Document: Updated NDC

The sector is rapidly growing with annual fossil fuel consumption shown in (Table 19) as well as emissions. Table 19. Average Annual Volume of Fossil fuel used in Maritime Sector77 Vessel No. Gross Tonnage Fuel (MT) e Metric Tons The Department of Marine Administration (DMA) has outlined the following project objectives to reduce fossil fuel consumption and facilitate development of Myanmar‟s future NDCs Source: RTD, MOTC Department of Marine Administration, MoTCtargeting actions associated with GHG emissions reductions in the Inland Marine Sector and for development of a Green Ship Strategy (see Annex V). Similar to the Marine sector, the growing aviation sector means Myanmar is interested in enhancing its capacities to engage with the aviation sector (the International Civil Aviation Organisation) regarding climate change, specifically the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme in International Aviation.

Question: What stakeholders are involved?
Answer: Myanmar is interested in enhancing its capacities to engage with the aviation sector (the International Civil Aviation Organisation) regarding climate change, specifically the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme in International Aviation.
Country: Myanmar
Document: Updated NDC

Similar to the Marine sector, the growing aviation sector means Myanmar is interested in enhancing its capacities to engage with the aviation sector (the International Civil Aviation Organisation) regarding climate change, specifically the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme in International Aviation. Engagement will result in better understanding developments in the sector. Hence, Myanmar seeks international technical and financial assistance for public and/or public-private sector engagements in the Aviation sector as a part of its NDC. 3.6.6. Green Cities Planning With regard to the National Spatial Development Framework Plan (2014), Department of Urban Housing and Development (DUHD) under the Ministry of Construction has been developing conceptual town development plans. These development plans are mainstreaming climate change, guided by the Guidelines for Urban Planning78.

Question: What stakeholders are involved?
Answer: Myanmar is interested in enhancing its capacities to engage with the aviation sector (the International Civil Aviation Organisation) regarding climate change, specifically the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme in International Aviation.
Country: New Zealand
Document: LTS

Climate-related support Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategyIn the world Paris Agreement Aotearoa is committed to the global implementation of the Paris Agreement, and eﬀective and ambitious global action. We champion environmental integrity and ambition in the rules for implementing the agreement, and the mechanisms that will allow scrutiny and give conﬁdence in Parties’ actions. Read more. Maritime and aviation emissions We are pushing for action to align international maritime and aviation emissions with limiting temperature rise to 1.5°C. This includes taking part in the International Maritime Organization and International Civil Aviation Organization negotiations on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from these sectors. Multilateral response Developing solutions and sharing best practice We champion international research on measuring and reducing agricultural emissions, by jointly establishing the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases.

Question: What stakeholders are involved?
Answer: We are pushing for action to align international maritime and aviation emissions with limiting temperature rise to 1.5°C. This includes taking part in the International Maritime Organization and International Civil Aviation Organization negotiations on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from these sectors
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

The analysis was undertaken according to a three-step process: • Step 1: Identifying mitigation options. A ‘long-list’ list of potentially suitable emission reduction projects and measures was developed through discussions and consultation with government officials, technical and sector experts, and other stakeholders. This include Rwanda’s NDC (GoR, 2015a); assessment of NAMAs in Rwanda (GoR, 2015b); an “adjusted” list of NDC options, as contained in the Rwanda NDC Implementation Plan (GoR, 2017b); and Rwanda’s TNC (GoR, 2018a). • Step 2: Assessing the potential. The identified long-list of mitigation options were then assessed in terms of their mitigation potential through 2030 compared to the BAU baseline projection and their economic costs and benefits. • Step 3: Evaluating the options.

Question: What stakeholders are involved?
Answer: A ‘long-list’ list of potentially suitable emission reduction projects and measures was developed through discussions and consultation with government officials, technical and sector experts, and other stakeholders.
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Increased adaptative capacity as a result of increased off-farm business for rural community having access to electricity/ energy. UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONTransport Public transport infrastructure Wide range of measures including bus rapid transport (BRT) project, bus lanes, non-motorised transport lanes, and other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators) 50 million USD (but cost estimates are limited to bus mea- sures only). Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Electric vehicles (EVs) The e-mobility programme plans for the phased adoption of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motorocycles from 2020 onwards, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA CoK, transport operators) Total costs including EVs and charging infrastructure est.

Question: What stakeholders are involved?
Answer: MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators)
Country: Uruguay
Document: LTS

Para este sector se plantean escenarios ambiciosos de minimización del enterramiento de residuos sólidos en la senda hacia el 2050. Como instrumento de planificación en el largo plazo, la ECLP facilitará la elaboración e implementación de objetivos y acciones de mediano y corto plazo que se incluirán en las sucesivas CDN de Uruguay, en un proceso como el que se esquematiza en la figura 01. El proceso de elaboración de la ECLP (Figura 01) fue liderado por el Grupo de Coordinación (GdC) del Sistema Nacional de Respuesta al Cambio Climático y variabilidad (SNRCC). Este grupo es integrado por representantes de diversos Ministerios y otras Instituciones nacionales, lo cual permite trabajar de forma coordinada, asegurando una mirada transversal y potenciando la acción climática en Uruguay.

Question: What stakeholders are involved?
Answer: El proceso de elaboración de la ECLP (Figura 01) fue liderado por el Grupo de Coordinación (GdC) del Sistema Nacional de Respuesta al Cambio Climático y variabilidad (SNRCC). Este grupo es integrado por representantes de diversos Ministerios y otras Instituciones nacionales, lo cual permite trabajar de forma coordinada, asegurando una mirada transversal y potenciando la acción climática en Uruguay
Country: China
Document: Updated NDC

In terms of heating, China will expedite the central heating of combined power and heat in northern cities and towns, rapidly scale up heating of industrial waste heat, steadily utilize waste heat from nuclear power for heating, and develop clean energy heating including heat pumps, gas, biomass and geothermal energy considering local conditions. 7. Expedite the construction of green and low-carbon transportation system China will accelerate the construction of a comprehensive transportation network, channel energy into multi-modal transportation, and increase the share of railways and waterways in the integrated transportation, constantly reducing the energy consumption and carbon intensity of transportation. At the same time, China will optimize passenger transport, and guide the scale-up and intensive operation of those passenger transport enterprises.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: accelerate the construction of a comprehensive transportation network,
Country: Costa Rica
Document: LTS

• To design and implement intermodal stations (train-bus-taxi- bicycles). • To design and adjust the schedules for the provision of public transport services in a way that promotes systems integration. 1.1.4 To establish a governance model under the sustainable mobility system approach. • To strengthen the capacities and transparency of the Public Transport Council and the stewardship of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MOPT). • To articulate joint approaches to land use planning and transport planning. Decarbonization axis 1: Development of a mobility system based on safe, efficient and renewable public transport and active mobility schemes1.1.5 To progress in the construction of the Electric Train under the most feasible model, connecting Cartago, San José, Heredia and Alajuela. • To carry out feasibility and environmental impact studies.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: To progress in the construction of the Electric Train under the most feasible model, connecting Cartago, San José, Heredia and Alajuela.
Country: Costa Rica
Document: LTS

o To articulate joint approaches to land use d planning and transport planning. 1.1.5 To progress in the construction of the Electric Train under the most feasible model, connecting Cartago, San José, Heredia and Alajuela. o To carry out feasibility and environmental impact studies. o To design the construction plans. o To prepare international bidding documents for the design, construction and operation phase. o To bid for the concession of the electric train construction • To develop a financial and technical strategy for the construction and commissioning of the Electric Train aligned with a vision of intermodality and sustainable mobility. 1.1.6. C6 To implement campaigns that promotes the use of public transport and intermodality.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: To progress in the construction of the Electric Train under the most feasible model, connecting Cartago, San José, Heredia and Alajuela.
Country: European Union
Document: LTS

Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution. For long distance travel, developments in digital technologies and video conferencing may well mean that for certain purposes like business travel, preferences will change and demand for travel may be reduced compared to what is expected today. Well-informed travellers and shippers will make better decision, especially when all transport modes are put on an equal footing, including in regulatory and fiscal terms. Internalising the external costs of transport is a prerequisite for making the most efficient choices in terms of technology and transport mode. The transition towards net-zero in 2050 also requires the necessary infrastructure, i.e. the completion of the Trans-European core network (TEN-T) by 2030 and the comprehensive network by 2050.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: The transition towards net-zero in 2050 also requires the necessary infrastructure, i.e. the completion of the Trans-European core network (TEN-T) by 2030 and the comprehensive network by 2050
Country: Latvia
Document: LTS

â¢ Rail transport is mainly electrified and/or other alternative fuels are used for the performance of carriage The majority of rail lines are electrified. Electric trains and trains which can be operated using other alternative fuels are used for the carriage of both passengers and freights. Hydrogen or biofuel is mainly used on the non-electrified lines. Part of the rail lines are high-speed lines, ensuring fast, efficient, and environmentally friendly carriage of freights and passengers.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Part of the rail lines are high-speed lines, ensuring fast, efficient, and environmentally friendly carriage of freights and passengers
Country: Latvia
Document: LTS

Part of the rail lines are high-speed lines, ensuring fast, efficient, and environmentally friendly carriage of freights and passengers. â¢ Alternative fuels and energy-efficient solutions for the reduction of fuel consumption are used in water transport GHG emissions in water transport are significantly reduced by using such tools as the hull design (which improves energy efficiency), different economies of scale resulting from capacity and drive solutions, optimum speed, determination of weather conditions and planning, alternative energy sources, and RES. E-fuel, hydrogen, biofuel in pure form or mixed with fossil fuel are used from RES, thus reducing both GHG emissions and environmental load. Electrification of ports reduces emissions from ships standing in ports, thus decreasing the negative impact of ports on the surrounding environment and climate.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Part of the rail lines are high-speed lines, ensuring fast, efficient, and environmentally friendly carriage of freights and passengers
Country: Liberia
Document: Updated NDC

• the enforcement and adaptation of registration taxes, in particular with and the enforcement of the 10% tax on luxury vehicles and the integration of a tax on transit vehicles by 2025. • Consumer information campaigns through heightened driver awareness about better ways of driving cars through eco-driving, speed reduction and use of well-adjusted motors, electric and Compressed Natural Gas vehicles and promotion of public transport through the use of bus transport network and car sharing; (Linked to Health sector). • Promote diesel particulate filters for road and off-road vehicles. • Continuation of road upgrading and construction. • Support the implementation of infrastructure that foster the development of a bus public transport network for Monrovia.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Continuation of road upgrading and construction.
Country: Republic of Korea
Document: LTS

Convert into new materials and promote products with high added values ● ○ ○ 3. Improve equipment efficiency ● ● ● 4. Promote smart factory and smart industrial complex ◐ ● ◐ 5. Use CCUS ● ◐ ○ 6. Use low-carbon fuels and materials ○ ● ● 7. Reduce emissions from industrial process ● ● ● Buildings 1. Improve building energy efficiency ● ● ○ 2. Supply highly efficient equipment ◐ ● ◐ 3. Promote smart energy management ○ ◐ ◐ 4. Promote renewables and use waste heat ● ◐ ○ Transportation 1. Mix biofuels for road transportation ◐ ● ◐ 2. Promote eco-friendly vehicles and improve average fuel efficiency ● ● ◐ 3. Advance railway system ○ ◐ ○ 4. Advance aviation system ○ ◐ ○ 5. Advance shipping system ○ ◐ ○ 6. Promote traffic demand management ◐ - - Waste 1.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Advance railway system
Country: Singapore
Document: LTS

By 2040, our cycling path network will be extended to more than 1,000km from which was introduced in the 2013 Land Transport Master Plan, the Government built 200km of sheltered walkways from transport nodes to homes and public amenities. A further 150km of these covered linkways will be added by 2040. In addition, private developers will have to submit walking and cycling plans as part of development applications. These measures will help facilitate safe and convenient first-and-last mile connections between homes, public amenities and key public transport nodes, therefore encouraging more commuters to walk or cycle as opposed to taking private transport. Expanding and improving mass public transport and shared transport Singapore will continue to push for public transport, which has the lowest emissions per passenger journey, to be the preferred transport mode.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Expanding and improving mass public transport and shared transport
Country: Singapore
Document: LTS

Increasing the public transport modal split will remain essential for supporting our mobility needs while reducing transport emissions. We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: • Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; • Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times; and • Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station;
Country: Singapore
Document: LTS

We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: • Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; • Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times; and • Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car. To encourage more people to take public transport, our public housing towns are designed such that their transport hubs integrate train stations with bus interchanges and are equipped with sheltered walkways that connect to housing blocks and amenities.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE The Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Volvo Buses are trialling a full size, autonomous electric bus equipped with a comprehensive artificial intelligence system developed by NTU Singapore engineers.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station;
Country: United States of America
Document: LTS

To support this outcome, the United States set a goal for half of all new light-duty cars sold in 2030 to be zero-emission vehicles, to produce 3 billion gallons of sustainable aviation fuel by 2030, and to accelerate deployment and reduce costs in every mode of transportation. This will occur through lower vehicle costs; fuel economy and emissions standards in light-, medium- and heavy-duty vehicles; incentives for zero- emission vehicles and clean fuels; investment in a new charging infrastructure to support multi-unit dwellings, public charging, and long-distance travel; scaling up biorefineries; comprehensive innovation investments to reduce hydrogen costs; and investment in infrastructure that supports all modes of clean transportation—such as transit, rail, biking, micro mobility, and pedestrian options. Making progress this decade requires investing in domestic manufacturing and reliable supply chains for clean fuels, batteries, and vehicles.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: investment in infrastructure that supports all modes of clean transportation—such as transit, rail, biking, micro mobility, and pedestrian options