alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The main mechanism defined in Article 12 of the Protocol was the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). This mechanism was designed with two main objectives: to support developed countries to achieve their emission reduction objectives in a cost-effective manner and to support developing countries and those least advanced in sustainable development. The mechanism allows the financing of emission reduction projects through the certification and transaction of certified emission reductions (Certified Emission Reduction - CER). By the end of the first quarter of 2017, more than 7,700 projects had been registered and more than 1.7 billion emission reductions had been certified. For the period between 2007 and 2011, it was estimated by the UNFCCC that the financial transactions of CERs totalled around 9.5 billion dollars.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

For the period between 2007 and 2011, it was estimated by the UNFCCC that the financial transactions of CERs totalled around 9.5 billion dollars. A significant part of this value was mobilized by the private sector. However, the market generated by the CDM has suffered a drastic reduction in value since 2011 as a result of the main CER buyer market, the European Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS), defining a very significant reduction in CER usage limits. As a result of the level of demand having drastically reduced, RECs are no longer desirable for public and private actors to allocate financial resources to mitigation projects in developing countries.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The role of carbon markets in global climate finance is still considered very relevant by a considerable number of countries and regions. By the end of 2019, around 40 countries and more than 20 cities, states and regions used carbon markets as climatic instruments, which represents about 13% of annual GHG emissions worldwide [25].Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 A positive trend observed in the African continent was the growth of CDM programmatic approaches (from English, Program of Activities - PoA17) that allowed to extend the channelling of climate finance in countries and regions that are still under-represented. The CDM is part of a type of financing called Results-based-finance (RBF) that channels funds into projects and programs through the achievement of verified objectives.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The CDM is part of a type of financing called Results-based-finance (RBF) that channels funds into projects and programs through the achievement of verified objectives. There has been a significant growth in this type of financing in recent years. The Green Climate Fund, for example, is considering this type of approach in allocating its funding [12]. The relevance of the carbon markets was also evident in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, which establishes the creation of a new sustainable development mechanism that aims to succeed the Kyoto mechanisms and that will produce “mitigation units” called ITMOs (Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes) that can be used to meet the mitigation objectives set out in the NDCs.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system The evolution of international negotiations on Climate Change has determined a set of reporting obligations over time. In addition, Angola s graduation from PMA scheduled for 2021 will have implications in terms of reporting to UNFCCC. Before the Cancún Agreements, developing countries were asked to produce their National Communications but on a voluntary basis, in accordance with Articles 4 and 12 of the Convention, but at COP 16, in 2010, more demanding reporting targets were set for developing countries, namely the obligation to produce National Communications (CN) every 4 years and the production of biennial update reports (BUR) every 2 years, which means that the national emissions inventory will have to be produced every two years.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Before the Cancún Agreements, developing countries were asked to produce their National Communications but on a voluntary basis, in accordance with Articles 4 and 12 of the Convention, but at COP 16, in 2010, more demanding reporting targets were set for developing countries, namely the obligation to produce National Communications (CN) every 4 years and the production of biennial update reports (BUR) every 2 years, which means that the national emissions inventory will have to be produced every two years. In 2015, the Paris Agreement brought a set of challenges on the accounting and reporting of GHG emissions and mitigation and adaptation actions developed by the countries, calling for transparency, rigor, comparability and consistency in accounting and reporting: beyond the CN and BUR, the Parties are now subject to the production and five-year update of their national contributions (NDCs) every 5 years.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

In 2015, the Paris Agreement brought a set of challenges on the accounting and reporting of GHG emissions and mitigation and adaptation actions developed by the countries, calling for transparency, rigor, comparability and consistency in accounting and reporting: beyond the CN and BUR, the Parties are now subject to the production and five-year update of their national contributions (NDCs) every 5 years. These developments in international climate policy mean that from 2021 onwards Angola will, in the light of the UNFCCC, be obliged to elaborate: a) National Communication every 4 years; b) the Biennial Update Report every 2 years; c) NDC update every 5 years.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

These developments in international climate policy mean that from 2021 onwards Angola will, in the light of the UNFCCC, be obliged to elaborate: a) National Communication every 4 years; b) the Biennial Update Report every 2 years; c) NDC update every 5 years. 17 Activity Programs (PoA) incorporate within an individual program / project an unlimited number of activities with the same characteristics.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 In view of the challenges presented, it is important to implement a Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system that ensures efficient monitoring of the implementation of climate policy in the country.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

17 Activity Programs (PoA) incorporate within an individual program / project an unlimited number of activities with the same characteristics.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 In view of the challenges presented, it is important to implement a Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system that ensures efficient monitoring of the implementation of climate policy in the country. Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) refers to the process by which countries track and report on the implementation and impacts of mitigation and adaptation actions, and the finance used to support these actions. To date, in Angola there is no domestic system in place in order to track the implementation of the NDC. The information available is often dispersed and incomplete, and difficult to collect.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The Government believes that the transparency that this system will bring to the implementation of the Angolan climate policy will also allow it to leverage more international financing for the country. The Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment is responsible for the development of the MRV system and for the coordination of its implementation, which must include: 1. Plan of methodologies and base data 2. Knowledge management system 3. Capacity development plan 4. Quality control and quality assurance system 5. Legal and institutional frameworkNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 The Methodology and Base Data Plan will define the methodologies to be applied in the monitoring of GHG emissions, mitigation and adaptation measures and financial, technical and technological support.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Legal and institutional frameworkNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 The Methodology and Base Data Plan will define the methodologies to be applied in the monitoring of GHG emissions, mitigation and adaptation measures and financial, technical and technological support. The Knowledge Management System to be developed should aggregate all the information collected by the various subsystems, allowing consultation and data entry in a simple and systematic way. On the other hand, in order for the system to be implemented efficiently, a process of training focal points from different ministries, relevant entities in data collection, must be initiated, as well as training technicians from provincial governments, so that they can in turn , train other actors.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

In particular for the GHG inventory, the definition and implementation of a quality assurance and control system is considered a good practice required by UNFCCC. Finally, the legal and institutional framework should be defined to formalize the implementation of the MRV system, as well as to define responsibilities and deadlines that will constitute the annual cycles of the MRV system in Angola. Figure 10 shows a schematic of the MRV system that the Government of Angola intends to operate in the country. Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver For the short term (up to 2025), it is planned that Angola will develop and implement a MRV system, as part of the tracking process of the NDC.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver For the short term (up to 2025), it is planned that Angola will develop and implement a MRV system, as part of the tracking process of the NDC. Angola aims to integrate the necessary MRV activities into existing processes and structures for international reporting to ensure an efficient and consistent approach. Angola is in the process of determining the most appropriate process for MRV of NDC implementation and is intending to implement a robust MRV system. Regarding the process of monitoring and evaluation, the mitigation efforts will be assessed on an annual basis, based on the implementation results of the mitigation contributions proposed.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Regarding the process of monitoring and evaluation, the mitigation efforts will be assessed on an annual basis, based on the implementation results of the mitigation contributions proposed. In order to cross-check the mitigation results, un update of GHG inventory will be conducted annually at both the national and sector levels.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Adaptation efforts will be assessed through indicators of resilience based on the implementation process and results and international indexes, as the vulnerability to climate change and climate- related risk reduction18.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

In order to cross-check the mitigation results, un update of GHG inventory will be conducted annually at both the national and sector levels.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Adaptation efforts will be assessed through indicators of resilience based on the implementation process and results and international indexes, as the vulnerability to climate change and climate- related risk reduction18. Examples of relevant indicators are [39]: Area Indicator Climate parameters Change in annual temperature Mean monthly temperature Number of hot days Change in annual precipitation Monthly precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration of climate change into development planning Percentage of municipalities with local regulations considering adaptation and vulnerability assessment results Existence of interministerial/ intersectoral commissions working on adaptation Uptake of early warning systems Percentage of coastline under marine protection Number of financial mechanisms identified to support climate change adaptation 18 For example: World Risk Index, Global Climate Risk IndexNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 7.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Examples of relevant indicators are [39]: Area Indicator Climate parameters Change in annual temperature Mean monthly temperature Number of hot days Change in annual precipitation Monthly precipitation Extreme precipitation events Climate impacts Number of households affected by drought Percentage of total livestock killed by drought Number of people at high risk of heat stress Number of people living in flood prone areas Number of properties flooded per year Number of properties located in river/coastal floodplain Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion Total forest area impacted by wildfire per year Weather-related disruption of electricity supply Number of properties lost due to coastal erosion per year Losses of GDP in percentage per year due to extreme rainfall Adaptation Action Number of public awareness campaigns on water efficiency Number of government staff that have received training on adaptation Degree of integration of climate change into development planning Percentage of municipalities with local regulations considering adaptation and vulnerability assessment results Existence of interministerial/ intersectoral commissions working on adaptation Uptake of early warning systems Percentage of coastline under marine protection Number of financial mechanisms identified to support climate change adaptation 18 For example: World Risk Index, Global Climate Risk IndexNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 7. FAIRNESS AND AMBITION National emissions of the greenhouse gases represent only 0.10%19 of global in 2015.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

FAIRNESS AND AMBITION National emissions of the greenhouse gases represent only 0.10%19 of global in 2015. This NDC is fair and ambitious as it aims to secure limited increase of its greenhouse gas emissions, while the country pursues a strong economic development pathway. Angola will take into account the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC in its future development and committed to decouple greenhouse gas emissions from its economic growth and embarks on a low emission development pathway. Also, this NDC present a significant commitment, through both mitigation and adaptation measures at the sector-level, to reach indicated contributions, prepared through an extensive consultation process with stakeholders.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Also, this NDC present a significant commitment, through both mitigation and adaptation measures at the sector-level, to reach indicated contributions, prepared through an extensive consultation process with stakeholders. The impacts that the current pandemic COVID - 19 will have in the country are not certain yet, but it is already identified that the impacts in terms of the economy and public health may delay the implementation of the proposed objectives. Thus, given the current socio-economic development of a developing country affected by climate change, in its updated NDC Angola has shown the country s highest level of efforts in contributing to global climate change mitigation and implementation of the Paris Agreement. are-emitted-by-the-countryNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 8.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

are-emitted-by-the-countryNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 8. INFORMATION TO FACILITATE CLARITY, TRANSPARENCY AND UNDERSTANDING In accordance with the provisions of Annex I of Decision 4/CMA.1, Angola informs the following: Parameter Information NDC Time period Start year: 2020 End year: 2025 Type of commitment The type of contribution selected by Angola in terms of mitigation is based on results, i.e. the reduction of greenhouse gases to levels below the BAU. The BAU scenario by 2025 was based on the last GHG inventory of 2015. Reference point & base year In 2015 (base year), emissions were about 99992 ktCO2eq, and BAU projection indicates that to fulfil the condition of the supposed growth parameters by 2025, the emissions will reach 108473 ktCO2eq.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Reference point & base year In 2015 (base year), emissions were about 99992 ktCO2eq, and BAU projection indicates that to fulfil the condition of the supposed growth parameters by 2025, the emissions will reach 108473 ktCO2eq. Accounting methodology With the support of GACMO model, developed by UNEP DTU Partnership, the BAU scenario was constructed based on the national GHG Inventory of 2015, according to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The mitigation measures were selected and prioritized based on consultation with stakeholders, which formed the basis for the calculation of the mitigation scenario, calculated using the GACMO model. Metric applied Global Warming Potential on a 100-year timescale in accordance with the IPCC s 4th Assessment Report. Reduction level (Unconditional) At least 14% domestic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2025.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Reduction level (Unconditional) At least 14% domestic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2025. Reduction level (Conditional) Additional 10% of GHG reduction by 2025 Scope and coverage Greenhouse gases (GHG) 0. F-gases emissions are not counted as they were considered negligible across the country. Coverage (sectors) The mitigation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Energy (including Transport); Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use; Industry; Waste. The adaptation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Agriculture and Fisheries; Coastal Zone Forests, Ecosystems and Biodiversity; Water Resources; Human Health; Infrastructures.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Angola adaptation measures are aimed at improving the country’s ability to adapt to the adverse consequences of climate change, thus contributing to country’s development.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The adaptation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Agriculture and Fisheries; Coastal Zone Forests, Ecosystems and Biodiversity; Water Resources; Human Health; Infrastructures.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 Angola adaptation measures are aimed at improving the country’s ability to adapt to the adverse consequences of climate change, thus contributing to country’s development. The rational for the inclusion of the adaptation component in the NDC takes into consideration that the country shows vulnerability and fragile conditions as a developing country, for which negative impacts of climate change are evident in all sectors of the national economy.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The rational for the inclusion of the adaptation component in the NDC takes into consideration that the country shows vulnerability and fragile conditions as a developing country, for which negative impacts of climate change are evident in all sectors of the national economy. Geographical boundaries Whole country Means of implementation To implement the listed mitigation and adaptation measures, it is estimated that a total investment of not less than US$ 4.1 billion in the form of internal and external aid will be required between 2020 and 2025. Angola requests the technologies support and capacity building.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Gaps and Barriers Angola faces several barriers in addressing climate change issues, mainly related to: • Absence or unavailability of basic scientific information, with appropriate details (spatial and/or temporal); • Absence or unavailability of diagnostic and characterization exercises that include the inclusion of modelling/projections, as well as their implementation in risk mapping and vulnerability analysis; • Disarticulation of the update and/or review processes; • Procedural delay and high costs associated with updating and/or reviewing processes; • Gaps in the level of technical knowledge in the entities responsible for preparing and approving projects, plans and programs; • Gaps in the processes of early involvement of key players and in the development of communication and public mobilization strategies aimed at the various social and economic agents, with consequent resistance to changing behaviors; • Budgetary constraints, leading to dilution of priorities over time; • Limited budgets from the State to create an enabling environment for resource mobilization to encourage private sector investment; • Lack of binding administrative tools that allow intervention in certain areas. Intention to use market-based mechanisms to meet targets According to the Marrakesh Call for Climate Action, agreed at the Ministerial Dialogue of the SeventhNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2020 African Forum of Carbon, in April 2015, Angola recognizes the experience gained from the implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism and want to be supported by market mechanisms with high environmental integrity, contributing to sustainable development and establishing strong incentives to harness the power of private sector.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2