alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Figure 5.5 Mitigation contributions against BAU baseline MtCO e BAU BAU (base case) Domestic Measures All NDC measuresUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION Table 5.2 Mitigation contributions against BAU baseline The mitigation contributions are summarised in Figure 5.6 below for the year 2030, which also shows the contribution of each sector to the total estimated mitigation potential. Total emissions (MtCO2e) GHG reduction relative to BAU Figure 5.6 Mitigation contributions in 2030 5.4 Implementation plan The following tables present a high-level summary for each of the mitigation measures quantified as part of the unconditional and conditional contributions, shown by sector and summarised by each of the key implementation aspects including responsible government ministries and implementing lead agencies, the planned timeline, and estimated funding requirements. Adaptation benefits and linkages with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are also shown.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Adaptation benefits and linkages with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are also shown. Million tCO e BAU Energy IPPU Waste Agriculture All NDC measures Domestic measuresGREEN RWANDA Measures Timeline Line ministry (Implementing entities) Funding estimates Adaptation benefits Alignment with SDGs Unconditional measures Electricity generation Grid-connected hydropower generation Development of 56.75 MW large hydro capacity (capacity > 5 MW), 24.5 MW small and mini hydro projects (capacity <5MW) and 75 MW regional projects by 2030. Displacement of GHG emissions from fossil fuel power generation (peat, diesel oil). MININFRA (REG, EDCL) Total plant capital costs estimated at 328 million USD. Potential for improved water management through flood and drought control. Increase in agricultural production due to improved water management and reduced exposure to extreme climate events.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Reduced pressure on forests resources, with reduced impacts from extreme rainfall events. Climate compatible mining Phasing out of diesel gensets for on-site electricity consumption, to be replaced with grid and/or on-site renewable power production. MOE (RMB, mining companies) Up to 5 million USD. Reduced reliance on energy imports through use of indigenous energy resources. Efficient brick kilns Phasing out use of clamp kilns, and applying energy efficiency measures in the brick manufacturing industry. MININFRA (RHA, REMA, RFA, brick companies) 13 million USD Increased resilience of brick manufacturing industry. Reduced reliance on biomass energy and related air pollution. Reduced pressure on forests. Energy efficient cement production Use of waste heat recovery (WHR) and increased use of rice husks as fuel within clinker production. MINICOM, MOE (REMA, CCL) 11 million USD Increased resilience of cement industry. Reduced reliance on imported energy supply.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Reduced reliance on imported energy supply. Table 5.3 Mitigation measures: EnergyTransport Vehicle emissions standards Measures introduced to increase vehicle emissions performance of national vehicle fleet, including tax incentives and scrappage of older vehicles, and inspection. Reduction of GHG and local emissions from gasoline and diesel use. MININFRA, MINICOM (RTDA, REMA) Incremental vehicle costs and scheme administration est. 190 million USD. Reduction of harmful pollutants from conventional diesel and gasoline vehicles, enhancing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Buildings and agriculture Efficient lighting in buildings Further dissemination of CFL and LED lamps in residential, commercial and institutional buildings. Supported by government subsidies and VAT exemptions on energy saving lamps. Reduction of grid-based GHG emisisons. MININFRA (REG, RHA) 6.4 million USD (assumes 1.6 million CFL replacements with 7 year lifetime and 2 USD unit cost).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

MININFRA (REG, RHA) 6.4 million USD (assumes 1.6 million CFL replacements with 7 year lifetime and 2 USD unit cost). Increased opportunities for education, indirectly increasing population resilience to extreme weather events. Reduced household expenditure on energy enhances resilience. Efficient cook stoves Dissemination of modern efficient cook stoves to 80% of the rural population and 50% of the urban population by 2030, achieving a more sustainable balance between supply and demand of biomass, and reducing firewood and fossil energy consumption for cooking. MININFRA, MOE (EDCL, RFA, FONERWA) 380 million USD (new stoves, training and scheme monitor- ing). Reduced dependence on availability of traditional biomass fuels, which is vulnerable to climate variability. Reduced pressure on forests resources, with reduced impacts from extreme rainfall events.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Reduced pressure on forests resources, with reduced impacts from extreme rainfall events. Solar pumping for irrigation Use of solar water pumping systems for irrigation within agricultural production to replace diesel pumps, displacing fossil fuel use and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA, MINAGRI (RAB, RWRB) 285 million USD. Reduced dependence on imported energy and increased food security. Conditional measures Electricity Solar mini-grids 68 MWp of solar mini-grids to be installed in off-grid rural areas by 2030, as reflected in the Rural Electrification Strategy. Displacement of traditional biomass fuels, diesel and kerosene for domestic energy use. MININFRA (REG, EDCL) Total costs est. 206 million USD (incl. battery replace- ments) Reduced dependence on availability of traditional biomass fuels, which is vulnerable to climate variability. Reduced pressure on forests and forest biodiversity. Increased adaptative capacity as a result of increased off-farm business for rural community having access to electricity/ energy.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

MININFRA, MINALOC (REG, EDCL, local govern- ment, RAB) 62 million USD Reduced dependence on availability of traditional biomass fuels, which is vulnerable to climate variability. Reduced pressure on forests and forest biodiversity, and food security 38 GREEN RWANDAMeasures Timeline Line ministry (Implementing entities) Funding estimates Adaptation benefits Alignment with SDGs Unconditional measures Clinker and cement production Increased pozzolana use in cement Increasing the share of volcanic pozzalanas used within national cement production beyond current cement-to-clinker ratio of 0.7, with target for an incremental 5% substitution of clinker with pozzolana through 2030. Reduced clinker production and associated calcination process CO2 emissions. MOE, MINICOM (REMA, CCL) Capital costs est. 1.2 million USD. Pozzolana material costs est. 7 million USD through 2030. Reduced dependence on imported coal, which results in reduction of cement production costs, thereby contributing to address national cement demand for adaptation to the effects of climate change.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Reduced dependence on imported coal, which results in reduction of cement production costs, thereby contributing to address national cement demand for adaptation to the effects of climate change. Fluorinated gases substitution Fluorinated gases substitution Gradual substitution of F-gases by less polluting substitutes, implemented as part of Rwanda’s commitments to the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. F-gases not to exceed the following percentages: (a) 2020 to 2024: 95%; (b) 2025 to 2028: 65%; (c) 2029 to 2033: 30%. MOE (RSB, REMA, private sector) Additional capital costs est. 3.2 million USD. Material costs est. 20 million USD Reduction of climate impacts from F-gases with high GWP, which results in enhanced population resilience to adverse climate impacts.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

20 million USD Reduction of climate impacts from F-gases with high GWP, which results in enhanced population resilience to adverse climate impacts. Measures Timeline Line ministry (Implementing entities) Funding estimates Adaptation benefits Alignment with SDGs Unconditional measures Crops and managed soils Soil and water conservation (crop rotation) Continous crop rotation of up to 600,000 Ha, leading to prevention of soil erosion and reduction of CO2 and N2O emissions and carbon sequestration in soils. MINAGRI, MOE (RAB, RFA, RWRB) 235 million USD Increased food security through enhanced soil fertility, increased crop stability and reduced soil erosion. Cleaner water provision, through reduced nutrient and soil runoff. Table 5.4 Mitigation measures: Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) Table 5.5 Mitigation measures: AFOLU (Agriculture) UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONLivestock Improved livestock husbandry Promotion of better livestock feed (i.e. legume fodder species) and training in better livestock management, under the Rwanda Livestock Master Plan.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

legume fodder species) and training in better livestock management, under the Rwanda Livestock Master Plan. Reduction in CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation. MINAGRI (RAB) 279 million USD Increased food security through enhanced yields. Improved manure management Adoption of more efficient manure management systems, including promotion of collective farms and training, under the Rwanda Livestock Master Plan. Reduction in GHG emissions from manure management. MINAGRI (RAB) 30.5 million USD Increased food security through enhanced yields. Crops and managed soils Improved fertilizers Increased use of organic waste in soil fertilizers, supported by target to apply composting within all agricultural households by 2030, and more judicious fertilizer use and promotion of fertigation to enhance fertiliser uptake. MINAGRI (RAB) 77 million USD Enhanced effectiveness of fertilizer application, thereby supporting agricultural activities of vulnerable farmers. Reduced compostable waste related health risks such as dengue fever.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Reduced compostable waste related health risks such as dengue fever. Enhanced soil fertility and reduced soil erosion. Soil and water conservation (terracing) Installation of 165,000 Ha land protection terracing structures in sloped arable areas to present soil erosion, leading to reduction of CO2 and N2O emissions and carbon sequestration in soils. MINAGRI (RAB) 924 million USD Increased food security through enhanced soil fertility, increased crop stability and reduced soil erosion. Cleaner water provision, through reduced nutrient and soil runoff. Soil and water conservation (multicropping) Multicropping of coffee and bananas of up to 40,000 Ha, leading to prevention of soil erosion and reduction of CO2 and N2O emissions and carbon sequestration in soils. MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB) 173 million USD Increased food security through enhanced soil fertility, increased crop stability and reduced soil erosion. Cleaner water provision, through reduced nutrient and soil runoff.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Improved retention of soil fertiliser and enhancing soil buffering capacity. Increased food production and nutrition security. Creation of revenue generation opportunities for local communities. UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONWaste water treatment and re-use Waste-water treatment plants (WWTP) Investment in wastewater treatment and reuse technology, reducing methane emissions from wastewater and providing a nutrient-rich digestate that can be used as a fertilizer. Reduction of CH4, and CO2 emissions. MININFRA, MINALOC (RURA, REMA, CoK, municipal and local government, WASAC) Capital costs million USD per WWTP. Annual costs est. 1.5 million USD. Reduced water contamination. Increased agriculture production and groundwater recharge. Increased food production and nutrition security. 42 GREEN RWANDAUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 5.5 Funding requirements Figure 5.7 below shows the funding requirements associated with all identified mitigation options, estimated at 5.7 billion USD through 2030. These represent the capital investment costs required for new plant, installations and equipment.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

These represent the capital investment costs required for new plant, installations and equipment. The investment levels for each sector broadly correspond to the estimated mitigation shares across each emitting sector, with agriculture and energy projects accounting for the majority (each accounting for 47% of the total 2020-2030 respectively). Investments in waste facilities account for the bulk of the remaining requirement. In order to achieve the projected mitigation outcomes, around half of the total 5.7 USD billion will be required in the period 2020-2025 and half in the period 2025-2030.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

In order to achieve the projected mitigation outcomes, around half of the total 5.7 USD billion will be required in the period 2020-2025 and half in the period 2025-2030. Figure 5.7 Investment requirements for all identified measures through 2030 USD Bn Transport Industry energy Electricity generation Waste-water Soil and water conservation Solid waste Building Agriculture energy Fertilizer use and composting Livestock Manure Management44 GREEN RWANDA Table 5.7 Investment requirements for all mitigation measures (USD million) Figure 5.8 shows the estimated funding requirements according to the unconditional (domestically supported) and conditional contributions for the periods 2020-2025 and 2025-2030, and through to 2030 as a total. Figure 5.8 Estimated investment requirements for NDC measures US Million Conditional Measures Domestic MeasuresUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 06 Adaptation Contribution Rwanda is heavily dependent upon its natural resources including land, water, and forests.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Figure 5.8 Estimated investment requirements for NDC measures US Million Conditional Measures Domestic MeasuresUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 06 Adaptation Contribution Rwanda is heavily dependent upon its natural resources including land, water, and forests. Over two-thirds of the population engage in agriculture, forestry, and tourism for income and food security. Agriculture accounts for approximately one-third of Rwanda’s GDP, and around one-half of power generation comes from small-scale hydropower. Economic growth was solid, averaging 6.1% over (2013-2016) against the target of 11.5% over the period 2013-2020. Growth in all sectors while positive and resilient in the face of a slowing global economy, did not meet targets. Agriculture averaged 4.1% compared to 8.5% (targeted). These sectors provide jobs and income for a majority of Rwanda’s population.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

At the international and regional levels, it has ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as a Non-Annex 1 Party in 1995 and later the Kyoto Protocol. Rwanda has also ratified the Paris Agreement, which deals primarily with greenhouse emissions mitigation, adaptation and financing. As part of the PA implementation, Rwanda is submitting a revision of the NDC with clear results framework and resource mobilization targets that will realistically guide its successful implementation. The adaptation component in Rwanda’s updated NDC involves quantified targets for adaptation and resilience, criteria-based evaluation of priority interventions, and development of a monitoring and evaluation framework for adaptation actions to strengthen national capacity for resource mobilization that will be instrumental to supporting climate action phased over 2025 and 2030 time horizons.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

The adaptation component in Rwanda’s updated NDC involves quantified targets for adaptation and resilience, criteria-based evaluation of priority interventions, and development of a monitoring and evaluation framework for adaptation actions to strengthen national capacity for resource mobilization that will be instrumental to supporting climate action phased over 2025 and 2030 time horizons. 6.2 Rwanda’s impacts and vulnerability to climate change Rwanda’s economy depends primarily on agriculture, which is predominantly rain fed. This makes the country highly vulnerable to climate change.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Without proper land use planning and implementation, and with a growing population, these pressures are likely to increase. In 2016, it was reported that 62.60% of the urban population live in informal settlements, while less than 20% of the urban population live in areas covered by master plans had storm water considerations in 2016 (MININFRA, 2017). In the health sector, major issues are related to the capacity gaps particularly at the district level (district health units) that limits effective coordination of health services. In the fiscal year 2016/2017, 308 malaria incidents per 1,000 population were reported and the malaria proportion mortality rate was at 5.7 per 1,000 in the same year.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

In the fiscal year 2016/2017, 308 malaria incidents per 1,000 population were reported and the malaria proportion mortality rate was at 5.7 per 1,000 in the same year. Climate change adaptation is being mainstreamed in the transport sector by increasing the number of all-weather roads through improving road infrastructure from unpaved to paved roads with a focus on national roads. In 2018, from a total length of national roads of 2749km, 1385.5km were paved (50%). Financial limitation is one of the major challenges among others, which results in gaps for technical and technological capacity, as well as pressure on natural resources linked to high population density.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Both the 2017 and 2018 Rwanda NDC implementation and partnership plans identified the following areas to have broadly captured the demonstrated gaps that need to be addressed and strengthened (GoR, 2018c): • Institutional and regulatory framework for sector coordination • Data availability, collection, management, reporting and verification • Limited financing opportunities for flagship projects implementation • Institutional and technical capacity among sectors involved in adaptations strategies (government, private sector, and Civil Society Organizations), particularly for developing bankable projects for domestic and external funds mobilization • Challenges on the operational level focus on metrics, data management, monitoring, reporting and verification. The current updated NDC seeks to accelerate Rwanda’s socio-economic growth by holistically addressing sector specific vulnerabilities and unlocking and directing domestic and external investments to adaptation for effective climate action.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience Rwanda’s adaptation and resilience priorities draw upon the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy adopted in 2011 with a time horizon of 2050.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

The current updated NDC seeks to accelerate Rwanda’s socio-economic growth by holistically addressing sector specific vulnerabilities and unlocking and directing domestic and external investments to adaptation for effective climate action.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 6.3 Priorities for adaptation and resilience Rwanda’s adaptation and resilience priorities draw upon the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy adopted in 2011 with a time horizon of 2050. The strategy has 14 Programmes of Action (PoA) of which the following programmes that include adaptation to climate change in the following programmes: • PoA 1: Sustainable intensification of agriculture • PoA 2: Agriculture diversity in local and export markets • PoA 3:Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and planning • PoA 4: Integrated Land Use and Management • PoA 9: Efficient resilient transport systems • PoA 11: Ecotourism, Conservation and Payment of Ecosystem Services • PoA 12: Sustainable Forest and Agroforestry • PoA 13: Disaster and Diseases prevention • PoA 14: Climate data and projections A recent review of the strategy indicated that it is still valid and relevant to Rwanda’s Vision 2050 as well as strategic plans - such as the National Strategy for Transformation (NST) for the period between 2018 and 2024 (MoE, 2018).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3