alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Germany
Document: LTS

Financial incentives To meet the targets set in the Climate Action Plan 2050, it will be necessary to consider all the options for revenue-neutral modification of levies and surcharges in the transport sector, with the aim of creating clear financial incentives to choose environmentally friendly modes of transport and vehicles and to use electricity from renewable energy sources in the transport sector. Modal split The German government will present a concept for how the shares accounted for by public transport, rail freight transport and inland shipping can be increased above the level indicated in the transport forecast for 2030. In this connection, target corridors for their shares in the modal split that are in line with the long- term climate target for transport are to be developed.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: To meet the targets set in the Climate Action Plan 2050, it will be necessary to consider all the options for revenue-neutral modification of levies and surcharges in the transport sector, with the aim of creating clear financial incentives to choose environmentally friendly modes of transport and vehicles and to use electricity from renewable energy sources in the transport sector.
Country: New Zealand
Document: LTS

It will be important to collaborate with these sectors, which include the planning system, housing and urban development, the energy sector and the tax system. What we are doing now Existing initiatives include: ► extending the light electric vehicle (EV) exemption from road user charges to 2024, which will continue to encourage New Zealanders to buy light EVs ► the Low Emissions Transport Fund (scope and funding increased from 2021). Co-funding will help industries and groups to demonstrate and adopt low-emissions transport technology, vehicles, innovation and infrastructure ► the Clean Car Discount (implementation underway), which will encourage New Zealanders to buy cleaner vehicles, by addressing the high upfront cost with incentives.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: the Low Emissions Transport Fund (scope and funding increased from 2021). Co-funding will help industries and groups to demonstrate and adopt low-emissions transport technology, vehicles, innovation and infrastructure
Country: New Zealand
Document: LTS

Co-funding will help industries and groups to demonstrate and adopt low-emissions transport technology, vehicles, innovation and infrastructure ► the Clean Car Discount (implementation underway), which will encourage New Zealanders to buy cleaner vehicles, by addressing the high upfront cost with incentives. In early 2022, a charge on high-emitting vehicles will apply at point of first registration in Aotearoa, to discourage purchase ► the Clean Car Standard (to be implemented in 2022), which will support a cleaner vehicle fleet by improving the efficiency of imported new and used light vehicles. It will be strengthened over time ► transitioning to a low-emissions government fleet (implemented), with the aim of cleaning up the Government’s fleet by reducing its number of vehicles and choosing electric or hybrid vehicles unless operational requirements prevent this ► the zero-emissions vehicle (ZEV) mandate.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: the Clean Car Discount (implementation underway), which will encourage New Zealanders to buy cleaner vehicles, by addressing the high upfront cost with incentives. In early 2022, a charge on high-emitting vehicles will apply at point of first registration in Aotearoa, to discourage purchase
Country: United Republic of Tanzania
Document: Updated NDC

14 The Five Year Development Plan II (FYDPII) states as targets for “Proportion of energy derived from renewable green Energy” 50% by 2020/21 and 70% by 2025/26. However, under the plan this includes liquified petroleum gas. 15 As outlined in the Power System Master Plan (2016).Tanzania’s Nationally Determined Contribution 18 electrification. e) Reducing the consumption of charcoal in urban and rural areas by promoting affordable alternative energy sources through a regulation policy for charcoal production and use. Transport a) Promoting low emission transport systems through deployment of mass rapid transport system and investments in rail, maritime and road infrastructures, including high quality transport system and expansion/scaling up of BRT infrastructures. b) Promoting the use of renewable (clean) energy in transportation systems.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: investments in rail, maritime and road infrastructures, including high quality transport system
Country: Costa Rica
Document: LTS

Activities 2.2.1 To launch zero-emissions transport promotion campaigns. To develop educational campaigns to cut down myths associated with electric technology in vehicles. 2.2.2 To design financing mechanisms for the energy transition, including banking and insurance facilities for zero emission technologies. 2.2.3 To launch vehicle scrapping pilot program. • To define a "roadmap" for the implementation of the scrappage model and business scheme. 2.2.4 To design a roadmap for the efficient management of electric vehicle batteries at the end of their life cycle. • To analyze possible business models under the circular economy approach. 2.2.5 To consolidate the development of the national biofuels industry. • To implement the National Biofuels Strategy. • To implement demonstration projects with the MAG.

Question: Are there planned activities to define a financial mechanism within the country?
Answer: To design financing mechanisms for the energy transition, including banking and insurance facilities for zero emission technologies.
Country: Costa Rica
Document: LTS

Roadmap for production and use of biodiesel. Percentage of ethanol mixed with gasoline Roadmap document 2.2.2 To design financing mechanisms for the energy transition, including banking and insurance facilities for zero emission technologies. 2.2.3 To launch vehicle scrapping pilot program. o To define a "roadmap" for the implementation of the scrappage model and business scheme. 2.2.4 To design a roadmap for the efficient management of electric vehicle batteries at the end of their life cycle. • To analyze possible business models under the circular economy approach. 2.2.5 To consolidate the development of the national biofuels industry. o To implement the National Biofuels Strategy. o To implement demonstration projects with the MAG. o To analyze potential vertical integration of RECOPE in agroindustrial chains, for example palm trees.

Question: Are there planned activities to define a financial mechanism within the country?
Answer: To design financing mechanisms for the energy transition, including banking and insurance facilities for zero emission technologies.
Country: Denmark
Document: LTS

In this regard, Denmark is already under way. For instance, measures have been adopted that will replace gas-fired and oil-fired boilers, convert arable land on organic soils, improve the energy efficiency in buildings, phase out coal and recycle waste.Parliament has also agreed on a measure of initiatives regarding the transport sec- tor. This includes a blend in requirement for the use of renewable energy fuels in 2021, future taxation of passenger cars and vans, and a displacement requirement concerning renewable energy fuels in the transport sector.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: future taxation of passenger cars and vans
Country: Denmark
Document: LTS

This includes a blend in requirement for the use of renewable energy fuels in 2021, future taxation of passenger cars and vans, and a displacement requirement concerning renewable energy fuels in the transport sector. With the changes in tax- ation in the transport sector, the increase in incentives for buying and using zero or low-emission vehicles is expected to lead to 775.000 zero or low -emission passen- ger cars and vans in the Danish vehicles fleet by 2030. Furthermore, it has been decided to implement a distance-based toll for heavy-duty vehicles from 2025 that is expected to be based on a differentiation according to CO2e-emissions.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: future taxation of passenger cars and vans
Country: Singapore
Document: LTS

To promote the adoption of cleaner and more environmentally friendly vehicles, the Government will implement an EV Early Adoption Incentive scheme from 2021 to 2023 to encourage the early adoption of cleaner vehicles. Under this incentive, drivers and businesses who purchase fully electric cars and taxis will receive a rebate of up to 45% off the vehicle’s Additional Registration Fee,22 capped at S$20,000. In addition, based on the promising results of the Vehicular Emissions Scheme that provides rebates to car owners and taxi operators who use cleaner car models, the Government will introduce a similar scheme, the Commercial Vehicle Emissions Scheme, for light goods vehicles. To make EVs more accessible and promote their adoption, Singapore will expand the public charging infrastructure for EVs.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: In addition, based on the promising results of the Vehicular Emissions Scheme that provides rebates to car owners and taxi operators who use cleaner car models, the Government will introduce a similar scheme, the Commercial Vehicle Emissions Scheme, for light goods vehicles.
Country: Brunei Darussalam
Document: Updated NDC

Current efforts seek to increase Brunei Darussalam’s carbon sink through reforestation efforts. At present, 104,920 trees are identified for current reforestation efforts, and a further 400,000 trees are proposed leading up to 2035. 1.3 BNCCP Strategy 3 on Electric Vehicles - Increase total share of electric vehicles (EV) to 60% of the total annual vehicle sales by 2035. This strategy seeks to promote the ownership of EV through the consideration of various policy related issues such as, but not limited to, the following: price of fuel and electricity; low EV prices (e.g. through excise duty incentives); annual Vehicle License (VL) fees; and availability of infrastructures (e.g. charging stations).

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: annual Vehicle License (VL) fees;
Country: Brunei Darussalam
Document: Updated NDC

through excise duty incentives); annual Vehicle License (VL) fees; and availability of infrastructures (e.g. charging stations). The establishment of the Electric Vehicle Joint Task Force (EVJTF) in 2019 consisting of relevant stakeholders will ensure the implementation of EV policy. Land transportation currently contributes about 13.6% of the total GHG emissions from the energy sector. In 2020, there are over 253,000 active private vehicles in Brunei Darussalam. There has been a steady increase in the number of gasoline and diesel vehicles in Brunei Darussalam since 2009. EVs are a viable transportation option for Brunei Darussalam as travelling pattern is primarily of short- distance with relatively inexpensive electricity for charging.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: annual Vehicle License (VL) fees;
Country: Morocco
Document: Updated NDC

Extension du tramway, qui apporte une solution de choix dans le transport de Casablanca. Limitation des émissions de certains gaz polluants provenant des émissions de véhicules. À partir de 2023, la norme oblige les constructeurs à produire des voitures plus propres, avec le respect, notamment, des taux d’émissions de particules fines et d’oxydes d’azote… Ainsi, à partir de janvier 2023, tous les véhicules particuliers et utilitaires (de catégories M et N) neufs mis sur le marché marocain devront être conformes à la norme Euro 6. Le système du bonus-malus vise à favoriser le choix d’un véhicule peu émetteur de CO2 et à pénaliser l’achat des modèles les plus polluants.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Le système du bonus-malus vise à favoriser le choix d’un véhicule peu émetteur de CO2 et à pénaliser l’achat des modèles les plus polluants.
Country: Morocco
Document: Updated NDC

Le système du bonus-malus vise à favoriser le choix d’un véhicule peu émetteur de CO2 et à pénaliser l’achat des modèles les plus polluants. Le programme vise à remédier à la vétusté qui caractérise le parc professionnel du transport routier au Maroc à travers l’octroi de primes de renouvellement et de casse selon des conditions d’admissibilité définies dans le cadre des lois de finances. L’adoption des bonnes pratiques de l’écoconduite vise à réduire la facture de consommation de carburant et les frais d’entretien des véhicules, à polluer moins l’environnement et contribuer à améliorer la sécurité routière. Cette action vise la convergence, avec un décalage de 10 ans en 2030, vers l’application du Règlement européen établissant des normes de performance en matière d’émissions de CO2 pour les véhicules particuliers neufs et pour les véhicules utilitaires légers neufs.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Le système du bonus-malus vise à favoriser le choix d’un véhicule peu émetteur de CO2 et à pénaliser l’achat des modèles les plus polluants.
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Reduced reliance on imported energy supply. Table 5.3 Mitigation measures: EnergyTransport Vehicle emissions standards Measures introduced to increase vehicle emissions performance of national vehicle fleet, including tax incentives and scrappage of older vehicles, and inspection. Reduction of GHG and local emissions from gasoline and diesel use. MININFRA, MINICOM (RTDA, REMA) Incremental vehicle costs and scheme administration est. 190 million USD. Reduction of harmful pollutants from conventional diesel and gasoline vehicles, enhancing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Buildings and agriculture Efficient lighting in buildings Further dissemination of CFL and LED lamps in residential, commercial and institutional buildings. Supported by government subsidies and VAT exemptions on energy saving lamps. Reduction of grid-based GHG emisisons. MININFRA (REG, RHA) 6.4 million USD (assumes 1.6 million CFL replacements with 7 year lifetime and 2 USD unit cost).

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Measures introduced to increase vehicle emissions performance of national vehicle fleet, including tax incentives
Country: South Africa
Document: LTS

The Market Demand Strategy aims to create a more balanced and appropriate market between road and rail freight transport, thereby reducing overloading of the road network and road infrastructure deterioration and contributing to a reduction in GHGs associated with rail transport. In September 2010 a CO2 tax was introduced on the selling price of new motor vehicles that exceed a certain emissions limit, in order to increase the move towards lower emissions vehicles. The levy has grown incrementally over time, and offers an established instrument that government could use for ratcheting up ambition in the transport sector.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: In September 2010 a CO2 tax was introduced on the selling price of new motor vehicles that exceed a certain emissions limit, in order to increase the move towards lower emissions vehicles. The levy has grown incrementally over time, and offers an established instrument that government could use for ratcheting up ambition in the transport sector
Country: Tonga
Document: NDC reference document

Electricity generation by fuel in ‘Eua Source: TPL (2020a) Electricity generated in GWh Diesel Renewables - Electricity generated in GWh Diesel Renewables15 | P a g e The 2020 Energy Efficiency Master Plan — in its current draft versions — does not propose a target that quantifies the reduction of GHG emissions from transport. However, the plan suggests that a combination of targets would lead to an estimated reduction of 28% compared to GHG emission levels in 2030 under a business as usual scenario.6 Among the targets included in the plan, the following selection is regarded as the most relevant to be considered for formulating the 2020 30% improvement in fuel efficiency for newly registered light-duty vehicles, reducing consumption from 10.1 litres per 100 km in 2016 to 7 litres per 100 km in 2030, through registration fees, import tariffs, or fuel economy standards, 10% of all newly registered light-duty vehicles to be electric or hybrid vehicles by 2030.8 Similarly, the Energy Efficiency Master Plan does not propose a target that quantifies the reduction of GHG emissions from commercial, institutional and residential end-use of energy.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Reducing consumption from 10.1 litres per 100 km in 2016 to 7 litres per 100 km in 2030, through registration fees
Country: Tonga
Document: NDC reference document

However, the plan suggests that a combination of targets would lead to an estimated reduction of 28% compared to GHG emission levels in 2030 under a business as usual scenario.6 Among the targets included in the plan, the following selection is regarded as the most relevant to be considered for formulating the 2020 30% improvement in fuel efficiency for newly registered light-duty vehicles, reducing consumption from 10.1 litres per 100 km in 2016 to 7 litres per 100 km in 2030, through registration fees, import tariffs, or fuel economy standards, 10% of all newly registered light-duty vehicles to be electric or hybrid vehicles by 2030.8 Similarly, the Energy Efficiency Master Plan does not propose a target that quantifies the reduction of GHG emissions from commercial, institutional and residential end-use of energy. Instead, the plan proposes several targets.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Reducing consumption from 10.1 litres per 100 km in 2016 to 7 litres per 100 km in 2030, through registration fees
Country: Tonga
Document: LTS

Policies to operationalise this will include bans on certains types of vehicles, regulations on imported vehicles to meet low sulfur standards (e.g. Euro 4), high import tariffs on inefficient vehicles and lower tariffs for efficient vehicles, and a maximum age of imported vehicles of 5 years. This will be accompanied by enforcement with penalties. An awareness raising campaign will support behavioural change and promote the benefits of this approach, as well as raise awareness of enforcement and penalties. Supporting asset and capacity measures: Inspection equipment and buildings, or specific areas for tests and inspections. Capacity measures will need to involve a broad range of stakeholders. General awareness raising with the public in the short and medium , to provide everyone with good access to information, particularly on enforcement and penalties.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: high import tariffs on inefficient vehicles and lower tariffs for efficient vehicles
Country: Saint Lucia
Document: 1st NDC

Some of these are listed below. Table 4: Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions that address Climate Change Mitigation1 and Adaptation Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Energy Demand / Electricity Generation Adopted National Energy Policy (2010) 35% Renewable Energy Target by 2020 Introduced incentives for renewable energy Prepared draft of Revised Electricity Supply Act (2015) Passed National Utility Regulatory Commission Bill (establishes an independent regulatory commission to oversee electricity production) Draft Revised Building Code (includes energy efficiency measures) National Energy Efficiency Labelling Standards (Air- Conditioning units, tubular and compact fluorescent lamps) Developing draft Geothermal Development Bill Transportation Introduced a new levy to control importation of used vehicles 1 Draft Saint Lucia Mitigation Assessment (2015) (Stiebert Consulting, Enviro Economics)Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Reduction of excise tax and duty for importers of fuel efficient vehicles and alternative energy vehicles Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles Proposed Transport Policy and Strategy2 Agriculture / Fisheries National Fisheries Plan 2013 Waste Secretariat of the National Water & Sewerage Commission to regulate water and wastewater operators activated in 2012 Pursuing a Waste Management Strategy that includes the conversion of waste to energy Land-Use, Land- Use Change and Forestry Conduct of a comprehensive forest inventory in 2009 Development of natural resource management plan for the north-east part of Saint Lucia3 Draft National Land Policy 2014 Industrial Processes Approved hydrochloroflurocarbon (HCFCs) Phase Out Management Plan Draft Code of Practice for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technicians General Establishment of a multi-sectoral National Climate Change Committee Adoption of a revised National Climate Change Adaptation Development of a Strategic Programme for Climate Resilience Adoption of a National Coastal Zone Management Policy Adoption of a National Environmental Policy and National Environment Management Strategy (2004; Revised 2014) Sustainable Energy For All initiative4 Annual observance of Energy Awareness Week.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles