alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Palestine
Document: Updated NDC

• Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. Transport: Promoting sustainable road usage • Encourage the use of public transport, in addition to bus rapid transport • Modal shift programmes • 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040. • The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste: Improving waste management • Improve management of leachate from landfill • Reduce, re-use, recycle • Improving the waste collection system • Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. • Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040
Country: Palestine
Document: Updated NDC

✓ ✓ Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. ✓ ✓ 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓ The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Waste Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. ✓ ✓ Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040. ✓ ✓ Increase the amount of waste re-used or recycled by 30% by 2030 and by 40% by 2040. ✓ ✓Conditional NDC actions Adaptation Mitigation Increase the amount of waste collected to 90% by 2030 and to 100% by 2040.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040
Country: Palestine
Document: Updated NDC

Scrap 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030, and all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. Conduct statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040.Indicative cost (USD) Indicative funding gap (USD) The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. Waste Reduce the volume of leachate by 50% by 2030 from suitable landfill sites. Reduce the amount of waste for final disposal in landfill sites by 30% by 2030 and by 50% by 2040. Increase the amount of waste re-used or recycled by 30% by 2030 and by 40% by 2040.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040
Country: Palestine
Document: 1st NDC

Agriculture In addition to afforestation, increase carbon stock in plant biomass and soil organic matter through agroforestry and rangeland development, to support an annual 2% increase in green areas within the State of Palestine. Energy Implementation of State of Palestine’s Renewable Energy Strategy, which aims to generate 5% of the total electric energy consumed by utilising renewable energy technologies by the year 2020. Energy Implementation of the State of Palestine’s National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, whichaims to achieve 5% savings in overall electricity demand by 2020 (or annual energy savings of 384GWh). Energy Promote increase use of solar thermal energy including solar water heaters, solar heating, solar fruit driers Transport Encourage the use of public transport, in addition to bus rapid transport.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Encourage the use of public transport
Country: Palestine
Document: 1st NDC

Energy Promote increase use of solar thermal energy including solar water heaters, solar heating, solar fruit driers Transport Encourage the use of public transport, in addition to bus rapid transport. Transport Improve the efficiency of the road vehicles by updating the vehicle fleet, disposing of old vehicles, and promoting and encouraging the use of efficient vehicles Transport Reduce traffic jams. Transport Use multi-modal transport patterns.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Encourage the use of public transport
Country: Qatar
Document: Updated NDC

The DC system operations are essentially linked to the electricity and water consumption. The continuous improvements in both electricity and water management practices substantially contribute to the environmental sustainability of the receiving housing and public buildings. Lastly, Qatar has continuously strived to upgrade its sewage treatment plants to produce treated effluents suitable for purposes such as landscaping, fodder crops irrigation, district cooling, construction industry use, etc. c) Transportation The transportation sector in Qatar has been earmarked for rapid modernization. The Doha Metro and Lusail Tram are major milestones in the development of public transportation and subsequent reduction of emissions from this sector. The level 3 accreditation status for Hamad International Airport is another major initiative towards sustainability.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: The Doha Metro and Lusail Tram are major milestones in the development of public transportation and subsequent reduction of emissions from this sector.
Country: Singapore
Document: Updated NDC

Singapore’s carbon tax, the first in Southeast Asia, came into effect in 2019. The carbon tax is applied to direct emissions from facilities producing 25 ktCO2 e or more of GHG emissions in a year, without exemption. This covers 80% of Singapore’s carbon emissions and provides an economy-wide price signal to incentivise emissions reductions, supports other mitigation measures and facilitates transition to a low-carbon economy. Singapore is also implementing concrete measures within the various sectors. For example, for the transport sector, Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel; phase out internal combustion engine vehicles and promote the adoption of cleaner and greener vehicles, such as electric vehicles; and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel;
Country: Singapore
Document: Updated NDC

For example, for the transport sector, Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel; phase out internal combustion engine vehicles and promote the adoption of cleaner and greener vehicles, such as electric vehicles; and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure. For the buildings sector, Singapore has mandated minimum energy performance standards and developed the Super Low Energy Buildings Programme, which supports the research and adoption of cost-effective, energy-efficient and renewable energy solutions. For industry, Singapore has enhanced its grant schemes to help individual companiesimprove their energy efficiency, and have sought to bring companies within a sector together to achieve systems-level efficiency gains across the sector; h) Singapore’s climate vulnerabilities will require comprehensive adaptation efforts.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel;
Country: South Africa
Document: Updated NDC

The shift away from coal that IRP 2019 requires, will require support in the form of transition finance, and associated technology and capacity-building. In addition, South Africa will invest in energy efficiency, a range of green transport measures including electric and hybridSouth Africa’s First NDC, 2020/21 Update 29 vehicles, mode shifting and the enhanced provision of safe and affordable public transport. All of these measures will be accompanied by just transition programmes to ensure that the costs of these measures to workers and communities are minimised and the benefits maximized. The just transition in South Africa will require international cooperation and support. In the first NDC, South Africa identified various technologies that could help us to further reduce emissions.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: mode shifting and the enhanced provision of safe and affordable public transport.
Country: Uruguay
Document: LTS

En cuanto a la utilización de Hidrógeno, se está trabajando en un piloto para vehículos de carga y buses de larga distancia. Actividades primarias 7% Centrales eléctricas servicio público 9% Consumo propio 6% Comercial · Servicio Sector Público 2% Figura 10: Emisiones de CO2 por sector en 2020.Asimismo, este sector requiere una visión amplia desde la sostenibilidad y está en proceso de elaboración la Política Nacional de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible, con la visión de posibilitar el acceso a todas las personas a las oportunidades que ofrecen los centros urbanos, con alternativas de movilidad ambiental, social y económicamente sostenibles, apuntando a la mejora de su calidad de vida. La movilidad activa y el transporte público, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificación de la movilidad sostenible.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: La movilidad activa y el transporte público, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificación de la movilidad sostenible.
Country: Uruguay
Document: LTS

La movilidad activa y el transporte público, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificación de la movilidad sostenible. En el proceso de descarbonización de la economía, el sector energía ha dado importantes pasos quedando desafíos complejos en algunos sectores por la aún escasa disponibilidad de algunas tecnologías. El país deberá explorar distintos instrumentos y requerirá de diversos apoyos para poder dar paso a una segunda transición energética. 5.1.1.2. Sector Procesos Industriales y Uso de Productos En el sector Procesos Industriales y Uso de Productos (IPPU, por su sigla en inglés) se analizan las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) provocadas por los procesos industriales, por el uso de estos gases en los productos y por los usos no energéticos del carbono contenido en los combustibles fósiles.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: La movilidad activa y el transporte público, junto con la electromovilidad, son claves en la planificación de la movilidad sostenible.
Country: Viet Nam
Document: Updated NDC

tonnes ) Note (*): increase in GHGs sequestration 2.4. Measures to achieve GHG reductions in different sectors - Undertaking investment, production and business projects on energy-saving and energy efficiency in production, manufacturing, renovation and conversion of markets for vehicles, equipment, machinery, production lines, public lighting, and energy-saving in public premises, schools, hospitals and commune health centres, households and others; - Using energy efficient household appliances, and industries and commerce electrical equipment; - Applying energy efficiency measures in industries; - Developing renewable energy in accordance with Viet Nam s potential, advantages and conditions; - Applying energy efficiency measures in transport; - Changing freight transportation models; restructuring the transportation market; - Shifting from private to public means of transport; - Shifting from conventional fuels to biofuel, natural gas and electricity; - Improving the energy efficiency of transport vehicles; - Improving, developing and applying technology in manufacturing construction materials;- Reducing clinker content and implementing other measures to reduce GHG emissions in cement production; and - Developing and using energy-saving construction materials and green materials in housing and commercial sectors.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Shifting from private to public means of transport
Country: Viet Nam
Document: Updated NDC

Measures to achieve GHG reductions in different sectors - Undertaking investment, production and business projects on energy-saving and energy efficiency in production, manufacturing, renovation and conversion of markets for vehicles, equipment, machinery, production lines, public lighting, and energy-saving in public premises, schools, hospitals and commune health centres, households and others; - Using energy efficient household appliances, and industries and commerce electrical equipment; - Applying energy efficiency measures in industries; - Developing renewable energy in accordance with Viet Nam s potential, advantages and conditions; - Applying energy efficiency measures in transport; - Changing freight transportation models; restructuring the transportation market; - Shifting from private to public means of transport; - Shifting from conventional fuels to biofuel, natural gas and electricity; - Improving the energy efficiency of transport vehicles; - Improving, developing and applying technology in manufacturing construction materials;- Reducing clinker content and implementing other measures to reduce GHG emissions in cement production; and - Developing and using energy-saving construction materials and green materials in housing and commercial sectors. - Applying management and technology solutions in cultivation and husbandry; improving diets for animals; shifting crop production structures; changing land-use methods; and - Applying technology to treat and reuse by-products and waste in agriculture and livestock production; developing organic agriculture.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Shifting from private to public means of transport
Country: Zimbabwe
Document: Updated NDC

Draft.Zimbabwe Revised Nationally Determined Contribution 2021 Table 5: Summary of mitigation measures from the energy sector # Mitigation Measure Reference document % GHG reduction baseline Absolute reduction baseline tonnes) Estimated cost (Million Reduced Transmission and Distribution National Development Strategy 2 Expansion of Solar: 300 MW in 2025 System Development Expansion of microgrids: Additional of 2.098 MW of capacity added through microgrids by 2028 Rural Energy Masterplan 4 4.1 MW biogas capacity added in 2024 ZERA annual report Energy Efficiency Improvements: Agriculture: 12% savings (2030 compared to baseline scenario); Commercial: 16% savings; Domestic: 22.08% savings; Manufacturing: 18.63% savings; Mining: 8% savings ZERA energy efficiency audit Biofuels Policy, Transport fuel economy policy / Fuel efficiency improvement 2025-2030: Motorcycles: 2.2% per year; LDVs: 2.9%/ year; Buses: 2.6%/year; HDVs: 2.5%/year Public transport. 5% shift from private car to public transport in 2030 The success in the implementation of the mitigation measures in the energy sector will largely depend on overcoming a number of barriers.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Public transport. 5% shift from private car to public transport in 2030
Country: Syrian Arab Republic
Document: Updated NDC

The transport strategy to mitigate emissions includes the following plans and projects: - Updating and activating the technical inspection procedures in order to comply with the permitted percentages of the gas emission by the car exhausts, and rehabilitating the technical inspection lanes in the transport directorates, especially the modern and advanced equipment needed, such as exhaust gases. - Developing urban transportation systems and encouraging sustainable transportation, as well as rehabilitating and developing of railways, taking into account the role of railways to reduce the rates of pollution caused by other means of transportation. - Improving the quality of fuel used in transportation ,as well as the use of green fuel and blue gasoline.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Developing urban transportation systems and encouraging sustainable transportation
Country: Uganda
Document: Updated NDC

10 Mitigation assessment of transport sector. MoWT. Unpublished.Development of Non- Motorized Transport (NMT) infrastructure This measure aims to use the planned NMT corridors in the GKMA as well as in other urban areas across Uganda as its basis. The measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.66 MtCO2e by 2030. MGR – Meter Gauge Railway rehabilitation for freight transit This measure intends to implement 61 km of passenger rail by 2030 and to achieve 22% of fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives. This measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.0005 MtCO2e by 2030. Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: GKMA Passenger service
Country: Uganda
Document: Updated NDC

Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period. LRT – Light Rail Transit SGR – Standard Gauge Railway 3.5.1.1 Transport Mitigation by Sub-sectors Table 3-14: Transport mitigation measures by sub-sectors Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Road transport fuel efficiency Global Fuel Economy Initiative improvement of fuel economy with 20-year time-lag: Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) 50 by 50 targets, improvement of fuel economy with 10- year time-lag: Alternative fuel switch Road: No switching to alternative fuels (LNG, ethanol or LNG). All traditional fuels (petrol/gasoline and diesel). 1% per year increase in alternative fuel use for all road vehicles - 60% of the increase comes from natural gas. - 20% from ethanol (E10). - 20% from biodiesel.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: GKMA Passenger service
Country: Uganda
Document: Updated NDC

No change in load factor. Develop land use and transport master plans incorporating transit-oriented land use and measures to incentivise well-located affordable housing along planned mass rapid transit lines. Adopt TOD friendly building control rules by 2025. TOD reduces motorised travel demand by 5% in 2050. BRT – Bus Rapid Transit Road: Standard growth rate of PKM of 7% to 2025 and 6% to 2050. No change in load factor. Minimal policies to encourage mass transit uptake over private vehicles. Implement 101 km of BRT in GKMA in 2030.18 Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. GKMA Passenger service Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: GKMA Passenger service
Country: Uganda
Document: Updated NDC

10 Mitigation assessment of transport sector. MoWT. Unpublished.Development of Non- Motorized Transport (NMT) infrastructure This measure aims to use the planned NMT corridors in the GKMA as well as in other urban areas across Uganda as its basis. The measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.66 MtCO2e by 2030. MGR – Meter Gauge Railway rehabilitation for freight transit This measure intends to implement 61 km of passenger rail by 2030 and to achieve 22% of fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives. This measure has a potential to reduce the emissions by approximately 0.0005 MtCO2e by 2030. Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Metro rail
Country: Uganda
Document: Updated NDC

Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period. LRT – Light Rail Transit SGR – Standard Gauge Railway 3.5.1.1 Transport Mitigation by Sub-sectors Table 3-14: Transport mitigation measures by sub-sectors Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Road transport fuel efficiency Global Fuel Economy Initiative improvement of fuel economy with 20-year time-lag: Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) 50 by 50 targets, improvement of fuel economy with 10- year time-lag: Alternative fuel switch Road: No switching to alternative fuels (LNG, ethanol or LNG). All traditional fuels (petrol/gasoline and diesel). 1% per year increase in alternative fuel use for all road vehicles - 60% of the increase comes from natural gas. - 20% from ethanol (E10). - 20% from biodiesel.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Metro rail
Country: Uganda
Document: Updated NDC

12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Minimal policies to encourage mass transit uptake over private vehicles. Implement 61 km of passenger MGR rail in 2030. 22% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion and encourage a shift to public transport, walking, and cycling. Including parking management and secure cycle parking. Metro rail Rail: Historical growth rate continues across period. 12% fuel economy improvement of diesel locomotives achieved in 2030 relative to 2015. Implement 75 km of fully electrified passenger metro rail by 2040. Policies introduced to manage the use of personal motor vehicles to reduce congestion 15 Bus system planned by KCCA in collaboration with Metu Zhongtong. 16 Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA).

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Metro rail
Country: Uganda
Document: Updated NDC

Efficient operation of public transportation Measures Aggregated – “Modal shift of passengers to mass transit and NMT” Residential trip avoidance through town planning and transport orientated development BRT – Bus Rapid Transit GKMA Passenger service Metro rail Not implemented within time-period. LRT – Light Rail Transit SGR – Standard Gauge Railway 3.5.1.1 Transport Mitigation by Sub-sectors Table 3-14: Transport mitigation measures by sub-sectors Mitigation Measure BAU NDC Scenario Details Road transport fuel efficiency Global Fuel Economy Initiative improvement of fuel economy with 20-year time-lag: Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) 50 by 50 targets, improvement of fuel economy with 10- year time-lag: Alternative fuel switch Road: No switching to alternative fuels (LNG, ethanol or LNG). All traditional fuels (petrol/gasoline and diesel). 1% per year increase in alternative fuel use for all road vehicles - 60% of the increase comes from natural gas. - 20% from ethanol (E10). - 20% from biodiesel.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: LRT – Light Rail Transit