alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Pakistan
Document: Updated NDC

CARBON PRICING INSTRUMENT: Under the Collaborative Instruments for Ambitious Climate Action (CIACA) program, Pakistan has received support to establish Carbon Pricing Instrument (CPI). A range of activities have commenced including capacity building on carbon pricing, national consultation on carbon pricing, and scoping of pricing instruments in Pakistani context. The aim is to explore options for the introduction of domestic CPIs to manage the cohort of large-scale emitting installations, representing around 27% of domestic emissions, as well as an opportunity for similar or related economic instruments for the transport sector that. A National Committee on the Establishment of Carbon Markets (NCEC) oversees the development of potential architecture of a carbon market landscape in Pakistan. 6.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: CARBON PRICING INSTRUMENT: Under the Collaborative Instruments for Ambitious Climate Action (CIACA) program, Pakistan has received support to establish Carbon Pricing Instrument (CPI). A range of activities have commenced including capacity building on carbon pricing, national consultation on carbon pricing, and scoping of pricing instruments in Pakistani context. The aim is to explore options for the introduction of domestic CPIs to manage the cohort of large-scale emitting installations, representing around 27% of domestic emissions, as well as an opportunity for similar or related economic instruments for the transport sector that.
Country: Guatemala
Document: Updated NDC

Agricultura Nombre de la medida Implementador Meta al 2030 Código Descripción Movilidad sostenible (electro- movilidad y biocombustibles) Cambio en la matriz energética MEM MARN MINFIN SAT PNC CNCC MEM AMM INDE EGEE ETCEE GERO-INDE de toneladas de CO 80 % de la generación eléctrica proviene de energías limpias para Esta medida trata de abordar un programa de renovación del parque vehicular privado hacia alternativas más eficientes. Combinará medidas regulatorias (reglamento de gases vehiculares) con incentivos (créditos de impuestos u otras medidas fiscales) para la compra y reemplazo por vehículos más eficientes (híbridos y eléctricos), además del establecimiento de la infraestructura necesaria para su funcionamiento. También considera la puesta en marcha de un programa para promover el uso del etanol avanzado en la gasolina en Guatemala. Ese programa combinará medidas regulatorias como una nueva ley para disminuir emisiones en los carros que usan gasolina.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: con incentivos (créditos de impuestos u otras medidas fiscales)
Country: Tonga
Document: LTS

Description: This action focuses on the expansion and creation of new cycling and pedestrian pathways/sidewalks both within and outside the central business district of Nuku’alofa. It includes the development of an integrated urban planning program (homes, employment, transport), dedicated cycle lanes, pedestrians-only city centre areas (cyclist and pedestrians only paths /roads) and permanent removal of import duties for bicycles. This will be brought together under a green cities program with a sustained 5-year awareness raising campaign on health benefits of cycling and walking. In the past, Tongans walked a lot, so there are strong linkages to culture which can be reactivated, making this a matter of learning from the past and building it into the future of sustainable transport and community health.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: permanent removal of import duties for bicycles
Country: Mexico
Document: LTS

The regulatory entity will optimize transportation systems to reduce travel times and distances. M3.5 To encourage programs which reduce the need for transportation, such as: telework, housing exchange or leasing to bring people closer to their academic or work placess, collective transportation services for companies, and flexible work schedules. To accomplish this, Mexico will diversify and prioritize urban services and equipment in areas with mixed—use development. M3.6 To promote efficient and low-emission transportation systems, and to modify the regulatory and pricing framework in order to foster reinvestment and continuous improvement. M3.7 To generate incentives, infrastructure, and programs for non-motorized transportation as part of integrated transportation systems in which the pedestrian and the cyclist are given priority. This will create immediate environmental and health benefits.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: To promote efficient and low-emission transportation systems, and to modify the regulatory and pricing framework in order to foster reinvestment and continuous improvement
Country: Antigua and Barbuda
Document: Updated NDC

The DOE led the execution of several technical studies in the areas of energy, gender, just transition and socially inclusive transition. These studies built upon existing national and strategic priorities to inform the final targets as well as the collection of primary data from over 1,700 participants to support emerging views and opportunities for a strategic approach for the implementation of the targets. The NDC revision process was inclusive and included a whole-of-society, and whole of government approach to the extent permitted by the global COVID-19 pandemic. The process engaged the public sector, private sector, and civil society through meetings, focus groups, workshops, stakeholder interviews, public awareness campaigns, household surveys, business surveys and online consultations.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: the NDC revision process was inclusive and included a whole-of-society, and whole of government approach to the extent permitted by the global COVID-19 pandemic.
Country: Bhutan
Document: 2nd NDC

iii) The broad plans and actions for low emission development identified in the 1st NDC to support Bhutan’s efforts to remain carbon neutral have been further elaborated and refined through low emission development strategies (LEDS), and roadmaps. Therefore, sectoral actions with GHG and non-GHG targets along with strategies and priority plans are now presented in the 2nd NDC. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process. Despite these challenges, this second NDC from Bhutan has been prepared through an extensive process of technical assessments and wide- ranging stakeholder consultations.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process
Country: Bhutan
Document: 2nd NDC

While these measures are primarily being undertaken to adapt to the increasing threats from adverse impacts of climate change to Bhutan’s energy security, these adaptation measures will result in tangible mitigation benefits. 4. Planning processes: a Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process. However, the preparation of the 2nd NDC builds on experience of 1st NDC which was prepared in a short timeframe utilising existing policies, plans and strategies.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process
Country: Bhutan
Document: 2nd NDC

However, over the decades, Bhutan has made remarkable socio-economic advancements, qualifying the country for graduation from this category for the first time at the 2015 triennial review of the list of LDCs. As a least-developed country with a young growing population, Bhutan has pressing needs for economic development and poverty eradication in a challenging environment while conserving of a globally significant natural environment. (b) Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the nationally determined contribution; The COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process
Country: Bhutan
Document: 2nd NDC

(b) Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the nationally determined contribution; The COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process. Learning from the experience of 1st NDC which was prepared in a short timeframe utilising existing policies, plans and strategies, the 2nd NDC has been informed by deliberate preparatory steps of capacity building of relevant stakeholders in understanding climate change mitigation and adaptation and the preparation of technical assessments in response to the 1st NDC. These steps are described in section 4a above. With the disruptions and difficulties presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing measures were adopted meetings when feasible and teleconferencing video technologies during periods of lockdowns and health protocol restrictions.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: COVID-19 pandemic affected the preparation of the second NDC from Bhutan with disruptions and delays to technical work and the consultation process
Country: Colombia
Document: LTS

Para alcanzar la carbono neutralidad en 2050 es necesario alcanzar la meta de emisiones presentada en la más reciente NDC de Colombia. Para esto, es fundamental que antes de 2030 las emisiones nacionales alcancen su nivel más alto (pico), e inicien una trayectoria de decrecimiento. Para la acción generalE2050 Mensajes estratégicos de la E2050 En comparación con el plan de rehabilitación económica del Gobierno Nacional ante la crisis presentada por la pandemia COVID-19, las cifras para 2021 y 2022 son muy similares a la pérdida anual esperada (PAE) frente a las amenazas climáticas priorizadas. La acción temprana (de hoy a 5 años) es clave para lograr los objetivos de carbono neutralidad hacia mitad de siglo.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: En comparación con el plan de rehabilitación económica del Gobierno Nacional ante la crisis presentada por la pandemia COVID-19, las cifras para 2021 y 2022 son muy similares a la pérdida anual esperada (PAE) frente a las amenazas climáticas priorizadas.
Country: Malta
Document: LTS

a situation without LCDS measures). The social and environmental effects and the cost to society from taking such measures are considered in specific assessments and thus allow policy to be designed in a way that is beneficial to society in economic and environmental terms. This three-year process was initiated in 2018 and its output and considerations have been inevitably impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic which hit Malta as from March 2020. 1 World Health Organisation (2018). Climate Change increasingly affects small countries. Retrieved from: 2 Air pollutants relate to those pollutants which can harm the environment and health, can cause property damage, but do not necessarily cause an increase in global temperatures.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: s. This three-year process was initiated in 2018 and its output and considerations have been inevitably impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic which hit Malta as from March 2020.
Country: Panama
Document: Updated NDC

La implementación de la ATE 2020-2030 generará una disminución de la contaminación del aire, conllevando a que menos panameños padezcan enfermedades respiratorias, más calidad de vida especialmente en época post COVID19 y menos costos para el sistema de salud cuantifi cados en un ahorro acumulado de B/.43 millones al 2030 y B/.195 millones al 2050. Con estas cifras salta a relucir las ventajas económicas que traería el realizar inversiones climáticas de esta índole, sin embargo, son metas ambiciosas que requieren de un compromiso país.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: La implementación de la ATE 2020-2030 generará una disminución de la contaminación del aire, conllevando a que menos panameños padezcan enfermedades respiratorias, más calidad de vida especialmente en época post COVID19 y menos costos para el sistema de salud cuantifi cados en un ahorro acumulado de B/.43 millones al 2030 y B/.195 millones al 2050. Con estas cifras salta a relucir las ventajas económicas que traería el realizar inversiones climáticas de esta índole, sin embargo, son metas ambiciosas que requieren de un compromiso país.
Country: Comoros
Document: Updated NDC

Le tableau ci- dessous recense les actions d’adaptations fixées par secteur.Tableau 2. Actions d’adaptation par secteurs vulnérables Secteur Actions d’adaptation Agriculture et élevage Développement d’une politique agricole résiliente et intelligente au climat Développement de l’irrigation agropastorale Mise en place d’un système d’alerte précoce et d’intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d’émergence de nouvelles maladies bovines ou caprines Biodiversité et forêt Extension de la superficie disposant d’un statut d’aire protégée Extension de la superficie reboisée Pêche et écosystèmes côtiers et marins Suivi et restauration des écosystèmes marins et côtiers Sensibilisation et sécurisation des pêcheurs face aux aléas climatiques Ressources en eau Accès de la population à une source d’eau améliorée Diffusion et adoption du principe de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau Santé Développement d’une stratégie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies émergentes comme la COVID-19 Développement et mise en œuvre d’un système d’alerte précoce et d’intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d’émergence de nouvelles maladies.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: Développement d’une stratégie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies émergentes comme la COVID-19
Country: Comoros
Document: Updated NDC

Actions d’adaptation par secteurs vulnérables Secteur Actions d’adaptation Agriculture et élevage Développement d’une politique agricole résiliente et intelligente au climat Développement de l’irrigation agropastorale Mise en place d’un système d’alerte précoce et d’intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d’émergence de nouvelles maladies bovines ou caprines Biodiversité et forêt Extension de la superficie disposant d’un statut d’aire protégée Extension de la superficie reboisée Pêche et écosystèmes côtiers et marins Suivi et restauration des écosystèmes marins et côtiers Sensibilisation et sécurisation des pêcheurs face aux aléas climatiques Ressources en eau Accès de la population à une source d’eau améliorée Diffusion et adoption du principe de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau Santé Développement d’une stratégie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies émergentes comme la COVID-19 Développement et mise en œuvre d’un système d’alerte précoce et d’intervention efficace sur tout le territoire en cas d’émergence de nouvelles maladies. Infrastructures économiques et sociales Développement et mis en œuvre de plans d’aménagement/développement des infrastructures économiques et sociales intégrant le changement climatique Réhabilitation des infrastructures routières actuelles RRC Identification et cartographie des zones vulnérables aux risques de catastrophes naturelles.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: Développement d’une stratégie durable de lutte contre le paludisme et les nouvelles maladies émergentes comme la COVID-19
Country: Jamaica
Document: Updated NDC

In the recent past, Jamaica has been heavily focused on improving its macroeconomic fundamentals with a strong focus on reducing its public debt, controlling inflation, and reducing unemployment. These improvements have been characterized as an international success but are now threatened by the global fallout from the COVID 19 pandemic. Sustainable development: Vision 2030 Jamaica – National Development Plan, and its Medium-Term Socio-Economic Policy Framework (2018-2021) are underpinned by the three dimensions of sustainable development – social, economic and environmental – as well as equity and inclusiveness. It has made a strong national commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with assessments indicating a more than 90% alignment between Vision 2030 Jamaica and the SDGs.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: In the recent past, Jamaica has been heavily focused on improving its macroeconomic fundamentals with a strong focus on reducing its public debt, controlling inflation, and reducing unemployment. These improvements have been characterized as an international success but are now threatened by the global fallout from the COVID 19 pandemic
Country: Maldives
Document: Updated NDC

In addition to these vulnerabilities, we are also grappling with a number of external threats which further weakens our coping capacity and ability to achieve sustainable development. This is evidently demonstrated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has further exacerbated our exposure to external shocks. Maldives is notably one of the hardest hit countries in the world by this crisis, in terms of it’s excruciating impacts on the GDP. Hence, without external support, the government’s recovery efforts and build back better initiatives, which are aligned with long-tern emission reduction goals and resilient and green recovery may not be implemented successfully.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: This is evidently demonstrated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has further exacerbated our exposure to external shocks. Maldives is notably one of the hardest hit countries in the world by this crisis, in terms of it’s excruciating impacts on the GDP.
Country: Niger
Document: Updated NDC

La révision de la CDN met le Niger sur une trajectoire de développement sobre en carbone pour assurer la résilience des populations, des écosystèmes, des bases productives et de ses infrastructures de développement. Le Niger continue, malgré cette période de pandémie à COVID-19 et ces décennies marquées par l’insécurité dans l’espace du Sahara et du Sahel et le déplacement des populations, d’appliquer les mesures pour s’adapter et lutter contre les effets néfastes du dérèglement climatique. Cette situation annihile les efforts du Gouvernement et ralentit les activités socioéconomiques dans le pays.II.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: Le Niger continue, malgré cette période de pandémie à COVID-19 et ces décennies marquées par l’insécurité dans l’espace du Sahara et du Sahel et le déplacement des populations, d’appliquer les mesures pour s’adapter et lutter contre les effets néfastes du dérèglement climatique. Cette situation annihile les efforts du Gouvernement et ralentit les activités socioéconomiques dans le pays.
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

The sectoral measures for adaptation to climate change will be developed in the scope of the National Adaptation Plan. 2 . 3 C O V I D - 1 9 r e c o v e r y a n d c l i m a t e a c t i o n The COVID-19 pandemic induced vast and global economic and social problems. It is estimated that the economic impact of the pandemic will be more significant than that of the financial crisis of 2007-2008. Economic activity has been shut down in support of social distancing, leading to job losses at a pace that greatly exceeds the worst months of the Great Recession, reducing demand in the world economy, and disrupting supply chains.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: The COVID-19 pandemic induced vast and global economic and social problems. It is estimated that the economic impact of the pandemic will be more significant than that of the financial crisis of 2007-2008. Economic activity has been shut down in support of social distancing, leading to job losses at a pace that greatly exceeds the worst months of the Great Recession, reducing demand in the world economy, and disrupting supply chains.
Country: Somalia
Document: Updated NDC

Roughly 60 percent of the population are nomadic and semi- nomadic pastoralists and 60 percent live in rural areas. The country is considered among the poorest countries in the world with more than 69% of the population living below the international poverty line.2 Somalia continues to grapple with a fragile political system, insecurity, high levels of poverty, climate change-related shocks coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic. The latter resulted in a GDP reduction by 1.5% in 2020 compared to the 2.9% growth experienced in 2019.3 Overall economic growth was also hampered by a reduction in Foreign Direct Investment (FD1) due to the contentious 2021 Federal Government of Somalia elections, livestock export bans by Gulf nations, shrinking remittances due to COVID 19 impact, and global recession.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: Somalia continues to grapple with a fragile political system, insecurity, high levels of poverty, climate change-related shocks coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Country: South Africa
Document: Updated NDC

With COVID-19, there has been a reduction in GHG emissions globally, but there is very high uncertainty on how long it may take the economy to recover, and for emissions to potentially rise again. While these factors have been taken into account as far as possible, this has added additional uncertainties to emissions projections for the 2020s. Another key implication relates to support. While the socio-economic consequences of COVID-19 are highly uncertain, it is very likely that South Africa will be more highly indebted than prior to the crisis, which will add additional strain to the South African fiscus, constrain local capital markets and potentially increase the cost of borrowing.

Question: How the COVID19 pandemic affected the NDC preparation?
Answer: With COVID-19, there has been a reduction in GHG emissions globally, but there is very high uncertainty on how long it may take the economy to recover, and for emissions to potentially rise again. While these factors have been taken into account as far as possible, this has added additional uncertainties to emissions projections for the 2020s. Another key implication relates to support. While the socio-economic consequences of COVID-19 are highly uncertain, it is very likely that South Africa will be more highly indebted than prior to the crisis, which will add additional strain to the South African fiscus, constrain local capital markets and potentially increase the cost of borrowing.