alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Singapore
Document: LTS

Increasing the public transport modal split will remain essential for supporting our mobility needs while reducing transport emissions. We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: • Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; • Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times; and • Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car.
Country: Singapore
Document: LTS

We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: • Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; • Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times; and • Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car. To encourage more people to take public transport, our public housing towns are designed such that their transport hubs integrate train stations with bus interchanges and are equipped with sheltered walkways that connect to housing blocks and amenities.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE The Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Volvo Buses are trialling a full size, autonomous electric bus equipped with a comprehensive artificial intelligence system developed by NTU Singapore engineers.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car.
Country: Slovakia
Document: LTS

In order to achieve climate neutrality, it will be desirable to effectively set up a long-term and predictable framework for financial support. CO2 eq. (Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: Carpooling
Country: Slovakia
Document: LTS

(Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport. Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: Carpooling
Country: Slovakia
Document: LTS

Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods. Support the development of intermodal transport, the completion of intermodal transport terminals, and diverting transit and traffic over a certain number of kilometres compulsorily to railway or waterway transport, use of alternative fuels as a priority. Lower the carbon footprint of urban public transport with available technology (electrification, bioCNG, liquid biofuels, hydrogen). Support cycling in the form of subsidies for the emergence of new cycling infrastructure and plan cycle paths in advance and support in the urban road infrastructure as one of the pillars of passenger transport in cities. Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system.
Country: Slovakia
Document: LTS

Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system. Educate on the benefits of green transport and support sustainable mobility campaigns (Riding a bicycle to work, Riding a bicycle to school, Riding a bicycle to shops, European Mobility Week). Create safe bicycle stands near public buildings. Offer convenient transport of bicycles and of passengers with reduced mobility in public transport facilities. Remove obstacles in public spaces as a tool to promote pedestrian traffic. Support the institutional background for sustainable mobility within self-governments.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system.
Country: Slovenia
Document: LTS

Rail transport and measures of sustainable mobility are put to the forefront, which will reduce GHG emissions in the transport sector and reduce traffic density. To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik–Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana–Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper–Ljubljana (new Koper–Divača line, upgrade of the Divača–Ljubljana section), Maribor–Šentilj, Pragersko–Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most– Pragersko, Ljubljana–Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations);
Country: Slovenia
Document: LTS

To implement this objective, Slovenia will: - upgrade the railway infrastructure (preparation by 2025, implementation by 2030); - upgrade and enhance capacities on the corridors Kamnik–Ljubljana (including electrification), Ljubljana–Kranj (double track), corridor south-east of Ljubljana, area of Ljubljana railway stations and stop facilities; - upgrade tracks to attain TEN-T standards and increase the capacities on the lines Koper–Ljubljana (new Koper–Divača line, upgrade of the Divača–Ljubljana section), Maribor–Šentilj, Pragersko–Maribor (increase in permissible loads), Zidani Most– Pragersko, Ljubljana–Jesenice (the Karavanke Tunnel); - further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations); - promote sustainable modes of transport within the calculation of travel costs; - reduce the needs for personal vehicle usage (work from home, change in parking policy, etc. ): this will improve the integration of spatial and transport planning (legal arrangements of comprehensive planning, reduce the suburbanisation trend, improve the management of daily migrations in broader urban areas and other functionally linked areas, enhance the compactness of towns, enhance the renovation and reactivation of poorly utilised or degraded areas in rural settlements for activities enabling an increase in local employment and a reduction in daily migrations to towns) and accordingly arrange micromobility hubs on city arterial roads and along motorways; - actively promote the construction of an infrastructure for walking and cycling for daily users, including suitable infrastructure for charging stations and promotion of the use of electric bicycles; - change the excise duty policy and adjust the toll policy in accordance with the guidelines of the EU legislation: - ensure suitable support environment for a comprehensive electrification of the Port of Koper; - provide suitable support environment for the use of alternative fuels such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, which will be gradually replaced by synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen (H2 ) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is of transitory nature, and biofuels, and - simplify administrative procedures in transport electrification.The attainment of minimum emissions in transport by 2050 will be adapted to society’s needs and have a minimum environmental impact.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: further develop integrated public transport (harmonisation of timetables, integration of urban transport, establishment of a single/suitable public passenger transport operator, development of shared mobility, introduction of prioritisation of public transport vehicles, integration of cableway installations);
Country: Namibia
Document: 1st NDC

ENERGY The rationale behind the measures in the energy sector relates to broad actions to shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, improve energy efficiency through various DSM measures, and reduce fossil fuel consumption through a series of measures in the road transportation sector. The salient features are: Increase share of renewable energy (hydro, solar, wind and biomass) in electricity production from 33% in 2010 to about 70% in 2030; Implement an energy efficiency programme to reduce consumption by about Commission of a mass transport system in City of Windhoek to reduce number of cars (taxis and private) by about 40%; Implement a car pooling system to reduce fossil fuel consumption; and Improve freight transportation through bulking to reduce the number of light load vehicles by about 20%P a g e | 8 These measures are expected to result in a reduction of some 1300 Gg CO2 -eq.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: Implement a car pooling system to reduce fossil fuel consumption
Country: Namibia
Document: 1st NDC

The salient features are: Increase share of renewable energy (hydro, solar, wind and biomass) in electricity production from 33% in 2010 to about 70% in 2030; Implement an energy efficiency programme to reduce consumption by about Commission of a mass transport system in City of Windhoek to reduce number of cars (taxis and private) by about 40%; Implement a car pooling system to reduce fossil fuel consumption; and Improve freight transportation through bulking to reduce the number of light load vehicles by about 20%P a g e | 8 These measures are expected to result in a reduction of some 1300 Gg CO2 -eq. Potential contribution of the different measures in the energy sector are listed below.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: Implement a car pooling system to reduce fossil fuel consumption
Country: Samoa
Document: 2nd NDC

Land transport Reducing GHG emissions in the land transport sector may be achieved by initially electrifying a percentage of vehicles in Samoa, with an incremental percentage increase each year. This shall also provide an opportunity for the inclusion of shared electric micro mobility.53 The successful adoption of these measures will require further feasibility studies and assessments, public acceptance of changes to transportation modes, technology transfer, capacity building, and external financial support. Maritime transport Reducing GHG emissions in the maritime transport sector may be achieved by developing shore side electricity supply for vessels and reviewing the energy efficiency of maritime transport, introducing renewable energy technologies to vessels (solar and biodiesel), and conducting studies to understand viability of low carbon transport options.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: Shared electric micro mobility
Country: Singapore
Document: Updated NDC

Singapore’s carbon tax, the first in Southeast Asia, came into effect in 2019. The carbon tax is applied to direct emissions from facilities producing 25 ktCO2 e or more of GHG emissions in a year, without exemption. This covers 80% of Singapore’s carbon emissions and provides an economy-wide price signal to incentivise emissions reductions, supports other mitigation measures and facilitates transition to a low-carbon economy. Singapore is also implementing concrete measures within the various sectors. For example, for the transport sector, Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel; phase out internal combustion engine vehicles and promote the adoption of cleaner and greener vehicles, such as electric vehicles; and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel;
Country: Singapore
Document: Updated NDC

For example, for the transport sector, Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel; phase out internal combustion engine vehicles and promote the adoption of cleaner and greener vehicles, such as electric vehicles; and enhance the environmental friendliness of its transport infrastructure. For the buildings sector, Singapore has mandated minimum energy performance standards and developed the Super Low Energy Buildings Programme, which supports the research and adoption of cost-effective, energy-efficient and renewable energy solutions. For industry, Singapore has enhanced its grant schemes to help individual companiesimprove their energy efficiency, and have sought to bring companies within a sector together to achieve systems-level efficiency gains across the sector; h) Singapore’s climate vulnerabilities will require comprehensive adaptation efforts.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: Singapore is taking steps to make public and shared transport and active mobility the preferred mode of travel;
Country: Austria
Document: LTS

The selection of where to live and work and the quality and energy consumption intensity of the chosen means of transport are based on the economic conditions. The elimination of counterproductive financial measures, especially the sending of correct price signals to market participants, is a key prerequisite for achieving a sustainable and decarbonised transport system.18 If these goals are to be reached, it will also be necessary to coordinate strategies and areas of action between the federal, provincial, and municipal governments, to identify and eliminate regulations that are counterproductive for decarbonisation, and to coordinate the legal framework between the regional authorities to facilitate the implementation of a decarbonised transport system.192.4.3.4.2 Reducing traffic by the scheme “avoidance, modal shifts, and improvement” The mobility transformation will be achieved by following these principles.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: The selection of where to live and work and the quality and energy consumption intensity of the chosen means of transport are based on the economic conditions. The elimination of counterproductive financial measures, especially the sending of correct price signals to market participants, is a key prerequisite for achieving a sustainable and decarbonised transport system
Country: Sweden
Document: LTS

A broad parliamentary majority backs the decision made in 2017 on the climate policy framework. It is also vital that Sweden involves a broad range of groups in producing and implementing the policy and that different actors in society are given every opportunity to play their part in the climate transition. Several large actors in Sweden have already shown that they have the desire, ambition, conditions and opportunity to make their operations climate-friendly while retaining competitiveness. In the initiative for a Fossil Free Sweden instigated by the Swedish Government, a considerable number of sectors and industries have themselves drawn up roadmaps towards very low or zero emissions. The initiative is an important platform for dialogue and cooperation between key actors for a competitive climate transition.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: In the initiative for a Fossil Free Sweden instigated by the Swedish Government, a considerable number of sectors and industries have themselves drawn up roadmaps towards very low or zero emissions. The initiative is an important platform for dialogue and cooperation between key actors for a competitive climate transition.
Country: India
Document: 1st NDC

 Neeranchal is a new programme to give additional impetus to watershed development in the country.  Launched National Mission for Clean Ganga (Namami Gange) which seeks to rejuvenate the river.  National Bureau of Water Use Efficiency (NBWUE) proposed for promotion, regulation and control efficient use of water.  ‘Give It Up’ Campaign launched to encourage citizens to give up subsidy on cooking gas to meet the needs of the truly needy citizens, thereby promote shift away from inefficient use of biomass in rural areas.CLIMATE FINANCE POLICIES  Setting up of INR 3,500 million (USD 55.6 million) National Adaptation Fund.  Reduction in subsidies on fossil fuels including diesel, kerosene and domestic LPG.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Reduction in subsidies on fossil fuels including diesel, kerosene and domestic LPG
Country: India
Document: 1st NDC

 Reduction in subsidies on fossil fuels including diesel, kerosene and domestic LPG.  Coal cess quadrupled from INR 50 to INR 200 per tonne to help finance clean energy projects and Ganga rejuvenation.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Reduction in subsidies on fossil fuels including diesel, kerosene and domestic LPG
Country: Nigeria
Document: 1st NDC

Oil and Gas o Improved enforcement of gas flaring restrictions o Development of Gas-to-Power Plants at Gas Flare Sites (micro grid) o Blending 10% by volume of Fuel-Ethanol with Gasoline (E10) and 20% by volume of Biodiesel with Petroleum Diesel (B20) for Transportation Fuels. 3. Agriculture and Land Use o Climate Smart Agriculture o Stop using charcoal o Benchmarking against international best practice for industrial energy usage o Adoption of green technology in industry o Modal shift from air to high speed rail o Moving freight to rail o Upgrading roads o Urban transito Toll roads/ road pricing o Increasing use of CNG o Reform petrol/ diesel subsidies The portfolio of policies and measures by sector are described in more detail below. A brief problem statement for each sector precedes them.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Reform petrol/ diesel subsidies
Country: United Arab Emirates
Document: 1st NDC

The UAE has also established an indoor lighting standard that introduces energy efficient lighting products and phases-out inefficient lighting products in the UAE market. Transport and Infrastructure Infrastructure development is critical to the UAE’s plans for economic diversification and the country has made infrastructure development a key priority area. The government is investing heavily in world-class traffic and transport systems. For example, the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has adopted a comprehensive urban structure framework plan, to optimize the city’s development up to 2030. The UAE is undertaking the following investments and initiatives, which will have significant mitigation co-benefits in addressing the transport sector’s greenhouse gas emissions, including: • the introduction of a new fuel pricing policy, which will put the UAE in line with global prices.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: the introduction of a new fuel pricing policy, which will put the UAE in line with global prices