alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

The graph shows that this represents an increased rate of growth compared to that seen during the period 2006-2015, closely reflecting the assumptions around economic and population growth and official planning, instead of projections based on past trends7. The current projection compares with the TNC projection of around 10.2 million tCO e in 2030, representing a doubling from the base year8. The most rapid growth is forecast within industrial processes and energy use: the former expands its share of total emissions from 2% to around 4%, and the latter from 31% to 40% by 2030. The share of emissions from waste generation remains at around 12-13%, whilst agricultural sources decline from 55% to 43%.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

The analysis was undertaken according to a three-step process: • Step 1: Identifying mitigation options. A ‘long-list’ list of potentially suitable emission reduction projects and measures was developed through discussions and consultation with government officials, technical and sector experts, and other stakeholders. This include Rwanda’s NDC (GoR, 2015a); assessment of NAMAs in Rwanda (GoR, 2015b); an “adjusted” list of NDC options, as contained in the Rwanda NDC Implementation Plan (GoR, 2017b); and Rwanda’s TNC (GoR, 2018a). • Step 2: Assessing the potential. The identified long-list of mitigation options were then assessed in terms of their mitigation potential through 2030 compared to the BAU baseline projection and their economic costs and benefits. • Step 3: Evaluating the options.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Cleaner water provision, through reduced nutrient and soil runoff. Conservation tillage: Reduction in vertical movement of soil, leaving more crop residue on the soil surface, thereby reducing soil erosion, reduction of CO2 and N2O emissions and carbon sequestration in soils. MINAGRI (RAB) 128 million USD Increased food security through enhanced soil fertility, increased crop stability and reduced soil erosion. Cleaner water provision, through reduced nutrient and soil runoff. 40 GREEN RWANDALivestock Improved livestock species and population: Replacement of 10% domestic cows with improved cow species; expansion of fish farming, poultry and other small livestock to increase protein food supply without increasing cows; and change in livestock mix. Reduction in CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation. MINAGRI (RAB) 156 million USD Increased food security through introduction of more drought resistant livestock species and enhanced yields.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

MINAGRI (RAB) 156 million USD Increased food security through introduction of more drought resistant livestock species and enhanced yields. Table 5.6 Mitigation measures: Waste Measures Timeline Line ministry (Implementing entities) Funding estimates Adaptation benefits Alignment with SDGs Unconditional measures Solid waste Landfill gas utilisation Extraction and utilization of landfill gas (LFG) for power generation in connection to semi- or fully- controlled landfills for urban areas. Reduced CH4 emissions from landfill sites and avoided CO2 emissions from displacement of fossil-based electricity use. MININFRA, MINALOC (RURA, REMA, CoK, municipal and local government, WASAC) Investment in LFG plants and improved landfills est. 28 million USD. Creation of revenue generation opportunities of stakeholders in the waste management process chain. Improved quality of water, soil and local atmosphere. Increased access to electricity and reduced dependency on traditional biomass energy. Waste-to-energy (WtE) plants Development of WtE plants in Kigali and other urban areas through energy recovery options other than LFG.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

This makes the country highly vulnerable to climate change. The country is still water scarce with 670 m³ of water per capita per year and 25% of the population are still unable to access safe drinking water (MoE, 2017).46 GREEN RWANDA Land is also vulnerable to heavy rainfall associated with soil erosion and landslides resulting in the loss of fertility in North, Western, and Southern province, while Eastern Province is often vulnerable to drought (GoR, 2015a). The high population density (415 inhabitants per square kilometre in 2012), puts pressure on natural resources (land for housing, agriculture, wood for domestic use in construction, cooking, infrastructure, etc.). Without proper land use planning and implementation, and with a growing population, these pressures are likely to increase.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

It is important to note that this strategy was the basis of the INDC and consequently the first NDC. Other documents and reports that were reviewed to significantly inform and influence the revision process were the SPCR along with the Gaps and Needs Analysis, Forest Investment Plans (FIP) and the NDC implementation plans (2017 & 2018) as well as the national reports on the vulnerability index (2015 and 2019) and the Third National Communication. The Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) served as the critical reference documents for sector consultations and included identifying and refining the analytical framework that captures climate adaptation/ resilience.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

It should be noted that the indicated timeline shown in Table 6.1 from 2020 to 2030 corresponds to the implementation of the mentioned adaptation interventions, but that this does not exclude the fact that a number of these interventions were implemented upon the submission of the first NDC, i.e. the period from 2015 to 2020.Table 6.1 Adaptation measures SN Intervention Indicator Line Ministry (implementing entities) Timeline Category of indicator Funding estimate Mitigation benefits Alignment with SDGs Water Develop a National Water Security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use Water storage per capita MoE/MINAGRI (RWRB/ REMA/ RAB, Private sector) A 164.3 million USD Improved quantity and quality of water resources which sustain new and existing hydropower plants Renewable water resource availability per capita per annum (m³ / capita/a) MoE / MININFRA (RWRB/REMA/ WASAC, Private sector) B Develop water resource models, water quality testing, and improved hydro-related information systems Percentage of catchments with water balance and allocation models MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 10 million USD Develop and implement a catchment management plan for all Level 1 catchments Number of operational hydrological stations MOE (RWRB/ Private sector) B 360 million USD Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality MoE (RWRB/ Private sector) B Agriculture Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock Number of climate resilient crop varieties developed MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, REMA, Private sector, Civil society) B 24 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved land use and livestock species Percentage of farmers adopting resilient crop/ varieties MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B Percentage of crossbreed livestock at national herd species B 50 GREEN RWANDADevelop climate resilient postharvest and value addition facilities and technologies Capacity of storage constructed in MT MINAGRI (RAB, NAEB, Private sector, Civil society) B 200 million USD Reduced GHG emissions from improved postharvest management Strengthen crop management practices (disease prevention, diagnostic, surveillance and control) Number of farmers using surveillance tool (FAW Database, BXW apps etc.)

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

These should also include a description of steps made to implement mitigation actions in support of the UNFCCC goal, among other aspects (as required under Decision 17/ CP.8 and other decisions on implementation details); and • Biennial Update Reports (BURs) to be submitted every two years. These should include an up-dated GHG inventory report from that of the NC, a measurement of mitigation actions and their impacts, reporting on the domestic MRV system and a description of needs and international support received. Rwanda submitted its Third National Communication (TNC) in September 2018, reporting on its national GHG inventory up to the year 2015. The country is currently preparing its first BUR and an updated GHG inventory.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

MINALOC supports the coordination and follow up on implementation of District Development Strategies. Thus, the NDC MRV as outlined in Table 7.2 above is embedded in the national planning and implementation processes that guide and facilitate results based review of development policies and strategies with the aim of continually applying policy relevant reforms to achieve national sustainable development targets.76 GREEN RWANDA References Government of Rwanda (GoR), 2011. Green Growth and Climate Resilience: National Strategy on Climate Change and Low Carbon Development. Republic of Rwanda, Kigali. GoR, 2015a. Intended Nationally Determined Contribution for the Republic of Rwanda. Republic of Rwanda, Kigali. GoR, 2015b. Rwanda report on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions, sectoral analysis. REMA, Kigali. GoR, 2017a. 7 Years Government Programme: National Strategy for Transformation (NST1), 2017-2024. Rwanda, Kigali GoR, 2017b.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Pachauri, R.K. and Reisinger, A. (Eds.). IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland MIDIMAR, 2015. The National Risk Atlas of Rwanda. Kigali: MIDIMAR. MINIRENA, 2010. Second national communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Ministry of Natural Resources (MINIRENA), Kigali, Rwanda. MINIRENA, 2012. Second National Communication under the United National framework Convention on Climate Change (U.N.F.C.C.). Kigali: Ministry of Natural Resources-Republic of Rwanda. MINIRENA, 2014. Forest Landscape Restoration Opportunity Assessment for Rwanda.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION MININFRA, 2017. Water and Sanitation Sector Strategic Plan 2018 - 2024. Kigali: MININFRA. MoE, 2017. Strategic Plan for the Environment and Natural Resources Sector 2018 – 2024, Rwanda. Kigali: MoE. MoE, 2018. Evaluation of the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy (GGCRS) Implementation, Evaluation report. Kigali: MoE. MoE, 2019.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Evaluation of the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy (GGCRS) Implementation, Evaluation report. Kigali: MoE. MoE, 2019. National Environmental and climate change policy. Kigali: MoE. Muhire, I. and Ahmed, F., 2015. Spatio-temporal trend analysis of precipitation data over Rwanda. South African Geographical Journal, 97(1): 50-68. Muhire, I. and Ahmed, F., (2016). Spatio-temporal trends in mean temperatures and aridity index over Rwanda. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 123: 399-414. National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), 2011. Rwanda statistical yearbook 2011, NISR Kigali- Rwanda. NISR, 2014. Rwanda statistical yearbook 2014, NISR Kigali-Rwanda NISR, 2017. Formal External Trade in Goods Statistics report (Q4, 2017) NISR, (2018), Formal external trade in Goods report (January 2018) NISR, 2018. Rwanda statistical yearbook 2018, NISR Kigali-Rwanda Rwanda Energy Group (REG), 2019.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Rwanda statistical yearbook 2018, NISR Kigali-Rwanda Rwanda Energy Group (REG), 2019. The National Electrification Plan: Report on definition of technologies (On-grid and off-grid) at village level. Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA), 2009. Rwanda: State of Environment and Outlook Report 2009. Kigali: Rwanda Environment Management Authority-Republic of Rwanda. REMA, 2015. Baseline Climate Change Vulnerability Index for Rwanda. Kigali: REMA. RNRA, 2015. National Water Resources Master Plan, Kigali, Rwanda. SEI, 2009. Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP). Community for Energy, Environment and Development, Stockholm Environment Institute, 25th April 2009. See: Sirven, P., Gotanegre, J.F. et Prioul, C., 1974. Géographie du Rwanda, A. De Boeck-Bruxelles. United Nations (UN), 1987. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. United Nations, 1987. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

The actions set out in the GGCRS provide the basis for the development of the NDC, as well as other key national guiding documents informing the country’s low carbon development, culminating most recently in the National Environment and Climate Change Policy enacted in 2019 with the goal of achieving a climate resilient nation with a clean and heathy environment. Mitigation contribution Rwanda’s mitigation contribution takes the form of a reduction in GHG emissions relative to a business-as-usual (BAU) emissions baseline over the period 2015-2030. Rwanda’s latest GHG inventory data is reported in its Third National Communication (TNC) report to the UNFCCC and covers emissions up to the year 2015. This year is adopted as the NDC baseline year.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

This year is adopted as the NDC baseline year. Total emissions excluding forestry were estimated at 5.33 million tCO e. The agriculture sector accounted for the largest share of the total (2.94 million tCO e, 55% of total), followed by energy (1.68 million tCO e, 31% of total) and waste (0.64 million tCO e, 12% of total). Emissions from industrial processes and product use (IPPU) represented just 0.08 million tCO e, equivalent to around 2% of total emissions in 2015 and mainly associated with calcination CO emissions from clinker production. Under a BAU projection, Rwanda’s total emissions are forecast to more than double over the 2015-2030 period, rising from 5.3 million tCO e in the base year to 12.1 million tCO e in 2030.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Under a BAU projection, Rwanda’s total emissions are forecast to more than double over the 2015-2030 period, rising from 5.3 million tCO e in the base year to 12.1 million tCO e in 2030. The forecast indicates the growing contribution from fossil fuels to national emissions, arising from increasing demand for power generation, road transport and other modern energy uses. At the same time, despite potential for increased productivity, agricultural output is expected to be limited due to land availability, thereby limiting emissions growth from this sector. With the ongoing development of the country, Rwanda will therefore need to explore other innovative approaches in agriculture such as utilizing vertical farming technologies to increase crop yields within a smaller land area.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

With the ongoing development of the country, Rwanda will therefore need to explore other innovative approaches in agriculture such as utilizing vertical farming technologies to increase crop yields within a smaller land area. A detailed assessment of identified GHG mitigation options for Rwanda estimates a total emissions reduction potential of around 4.6 million tCO e in 2030 against the BAU emissions in the same year of 12.1 million tCO e. Based on this analysis, mitigation measures have been grouped according to two different components: • Unconditional contribution: A reduction of 16 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2030; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO e) in that year.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

A detailed assessment of identified GHG mitigation options for Rwanda estimates a total emissions reduction potential of around 4.6 million tCO e in 2030 against the BAU emissions in the same year of 12.1 million tCO e. Based on this analysis, mitigation measures have been grouped according to two different components: • Unconditional contribution: A reduction of 16 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2030; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO e) in that year. This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation measures and policies.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION • Conditional contribution: An additional reduction of 22 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2030; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 2.7 million tCO e in that year.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation measures and policies.UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION • Conditional contribution: An additional reduction of 22 per cent relative to BAU in the year 2030; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 2.7 million tCO e in that year. This represents an additional targeted contribution, based on the provision of international support and funding. The combined unconditional and conditional contribution is therefore a 38 per cent reduction in GHG emissions compared to BAU in 2030, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of up to 4.6 million tCO e in 2030. The mitigation contributions are summarised in the figure below against the BAU baseline for the target year 2030 (Figure ES-1).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

The mitigation contributions are summarised in the figure below against the BAU baseline for the target year 2030 (Figure ES-1). The sectoral scope of the contribution covers all emissions sources described in the IPCC 2006 Reporting Guidelines (IPCC, 2006), including emissions from the categories of energy; industrial processes and product use (IPPU); waste; and agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) but excluding sources from forestry and other land use. These sources may be included within future contributions, subject to improved data availability and ongoing development in the accuracy of their quantification within the national GHG inventory. The coverage of the contributions includes the three main greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO ), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N O), and also hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

The coverage of the contributions includes the three main greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO ), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N O), and also hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Figure ES-1 NDC emissions reduction scenarios Million tCO e BAU Energy IPPU Waste Agriculture All NDC measures Domestic measures04 GREEN RWANDA Adaptation contribution Rwanda’s adaptation contribution prioritises adaptation interventions, establish baselines, and develops sector-level performance indicators and targets. These build upon the GGCRS and associated sector working papers, climate change vulnerability assessments reports, as well as the Strategic Programs for Climate Resilience (SPCRs). In total, 24 adaptation interventions are proposed, classified according to 8 key sectors (Figure ES-1). A total of 38 adaptation indicators have been developed to be aligned with baselines and adaptation targets.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

A total of 38 adaptation indicators have been developed to be aligned with baselines and adaptation targets. Basing on the experiences in reporting at the global level (including expectations of adaptation investment funds) and national level (including projects), the indicators have the potential to position Rwanda’s envisaged robust engagement and efforts at addressing challenges of measurement of climate adaptation/resilience.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Basing on the experiences in reporting at the global level (including expectations of adaptation investment funds) and national level (including projects), the indicators have the potential to position Rwanda’s envisaged robust engagement and efforts at addressing challenges of measurement of climate adaptation/resilience. Table ES-1 NDC selected adaptation interventions by sector Water 1 A national water security through water conservation practices, wetlands restoration, water storage and efficient water use 2 Water resource models, water quality testing and hydro-related information 3 Develop and implement a management plan for all level 1 catchment Agriculture 4 Develop climate resilient crops and promote climate resilient livestock 5 Develop climate resilient post harvest and value addition facilities and technologies 6 Strengthen crop management practices 7 Develop sustainable land use management practices 8 Expand irrigation and improve water management 9 Expand crop and livestock insurance Land and Forestry 10 Development of Agroforestry and sustainable agriculture 11 Promote afforestation / reforestation of designated areas 12 Improve forest management for degraded forest resources 13 Integrated approach to planning and monitoring for sustainable land use management 14 Harmonized and integrated spacial data management system for sustainable land use 15 Inclusive land administration that regulate and provide guidance for land tenure securityUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The NDC adaptation indicators will be embedded in the Environment and Natural Resources Management Results Based Monitoring and Evaluation framework (RBME) used to track and inform progress on NDC implementation towards the NST.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3