alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding 80 Documents 85 Websites 87 Annex 89 9.1. Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 – Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 – Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 – Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 – Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 – Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources 40 Table 8 – Industry GHG Sources . 41 Table 9 - Emissions breakdown by sector 42 Table 10 - Emissions breakdown per capita by sector 43 Table 11 – Unconditional Mitigation Contributions 46 Table 12 – Conditional Mitigation Contributions . 48 Table 13 - Adaptation Measures – Unconditional . 57 Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional 58 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition 63 Table 16 - Actors involved in Angola s climate framework . 65 Table 17 – Capacity building actions 67 Table 18 – Estimated mitigation and adaptation funding needs 67 Table 19 - Fundos nacionais utilizados para medidas de mitigação e adaptação 69 Table 20 - International financing instruments for mitigation and adaptation . 71Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) 90 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) . 92Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Facing climate change is the greatest global environmental challenge in the present.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation . 89Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figures Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association) 15 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] . 20 Figure 3 – Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] . 24 Figure 4 - Rail Transport Angola [29] 27 Figure 5 - Location of Angola s main ports [41] . 28 Figure 6 – Greenhouse gas emission by sector 43 Figure 7 – Ambition for the Angolan NDC 44 Figure 8 - Institutional Arrangements for NDC Implementation 64 Figure 9 - Components to be developed for the MRV System in Angola . 74 Figure 10 - Subsistemas do Sistema de MRV Nacional a desenvolver 75 Tables Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable[28] 17 Table 2 – Climate change impacts[28] . 19 Table 3 – Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] . 20 Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015) 29 Table 5 - Global Warming Potential 39 Table 6 - Energy GHG Sources 40 Table 7 -Waste GHG Sources 40 Table 8 – Industry GHG Sources . 41 Table 9 - Emissions breakdown by sector 42 Table 10 - Emissions breakdown per capita by sector 43 Table 11 – Unconditional Mitigation Contributions 46 Table 12 – Conditional Mitigation Contributions . 48 Table 13 - Adaptation Measures – Unconditional . 57 Table 14 - Adaptation Measures - Conditional 58 Table 15 - National Commission on Climate Change and Biodiversity - redefinition 63 Table 16 - Actors involved in Angola s climate framework . 65 Table 17 – Capacity building actions 67 Table 18 – Estimated mitigation and adaptation funding needs 67 Table 19 - Fundos nacionais utilizados para medidas de mitigação e adaptação 69 Table 20 - International financing instruments for mitigation and adaptation . 71Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 21: Unconditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) 90 Table 22: Conditional Mitigation Contributions (2030) . 92Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Facing climate change is the greatest global environmental challenge in the present. Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because they are highly dependent on natural resources and have limited capacity to respond to these impacts.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

A “conditional contribution” is one that Angola would undertake if international means of support are provided, or other conditions are met. The Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario considered for this NDC was developed using 2015 as the base year and provides projections for up to 2025. Angola plans to reduce GHG emissions up to 14% by 2025 as compared to the base year (unconditionally). The baseline corresponds to the most recent National GHG Inventory (2015), and accounts for 99.99 million tonnes of CO2 e. The emissions under the BAU scenario are estimated to be 103.9 million tonnes of CO2 e in 2020 and 108.5 million tonnes of CO2 e in 2025.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The baseline corresponds to the most recent National GHG Inventory (2015), and accounts for 99.99 million tonnes of CO2 e. The emissions under the BAU scenario are estimated to be 103.9 million tonnes of CO2 e in 2020 and 108.5 million tonnes of CO2 e in 2025. The mitigation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Energy (including Transport); Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use; Industry; Waste. The adaptation component identifies measures for the period 2020-2025 in the following sectors: Agriculture and Fisheries; Coastal Zone Forests, Ecosystems and Biodiversity; Water Resources; Human Health; Infrastructures.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Due to the global pandemic COVID-19 the bilateral meetings were developed through virtual platform.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 At the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris, on 12 December 2015, Parties to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reached a landmark agreement to combat climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed for a sustainable low carbon future [45]. The Paris Agreement guides developed and developing countries to made individual commitments to transition toward a climate-resilient and low- emissions future. Parties are required to undertake and communicate efforts to contribute to the achievement of these goals in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) communicated to the UNFCCC (Article 3).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Parties are required to undertake and communicate efforts to contribute to the achievement of these goals in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) communicated to the UNFCCC (Article 3). All Parties agreed to either communicate their current NDCs or submit new or updated NDCs by 2020, and to do so every five years thereafter. Each successive NDC is expected to represent a progression beyond the current NDC (Article 4) and reflect the Party’s highest possible ambition. This upward spiral of ambition underpins the achievement of the goals agreed to in Paris. The first Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (iNDC) of Angola was submitted to the UNFCCC in 2015.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Outline of this document This document describes Angola’s update of its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution for mitigation and adaptation for the period 2020-2025. It is structured as follows: Section 2 describes Angola’s national circumstances Section 3 presents the NDC Revision Process Section 4 describes Angola’s contribution to Mitigation Section 5 describes Angola’s contribution to Adaptation Section 6 outlines the means of implementation for the mitigation and adaptation measures contained in the NDC and identifies the barriers to the implementation Section 7 describes the fairness and ambition of the present NDC Section 8 describes Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Section 9 contains the references As an annex to this document, a list of indicators for tracking NDC implementation is presented.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

It is structured as follows: Section 2 describes Angola’s national circumstances Section 3 presents the NDC Revision Process Section 4 describes Angola’s contribution to Mitigation Section 5 describes Angola’s contribution to Adaptation Section 6 outlines the means of implementation for the mitigation and adaptation measures contained in the NDC and identifies the barriers to the implementation Section 7 describes the fairness and ambition of the present NDC Section 8 describes Information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding Section 9 contains the references As an annex to this document, a list of indicators for tracking NDC implementation is presented.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2. CURRENT NATIONAL CONTEXT Angolan vision for Climate Change “Angola adapted to the impacts of climate change with a low carbon development pathway that contributes to the eradication of poverty.” (ENAC 2020-2035) The Republic of Angola is vulnerable to the impacts of Climate Change and some territories are already experiencing frequent episodes of extreme weather events of concern such as droughts or floods, as well as coastal degradation.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

CURRENT NATIONAL CONTEXT Angolan vision for Climate Change “Angola adapted to the impacts of climate change with a low carbon development pathway that contributes to the eradication of poverty.” (ENAC 2020-2035) The Republic of Angola is vulnerable to the impacts of Climate Change and some territories are already experiencing frequent episodes of extreme weather events of concern such as droughts or floods, as well as coastal degradation. Concerned with making its contribution to the protection of communities and the rational management of its most varied natural resources, counting on future generations, the Republic of Angola has, in recent decades, become a signatory to several international environmental conventions with the signature of their respective protocols.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

To address these issues, Angola has developed several national plans and strategies, including the National Strategy for Afforestation and Reforestation (2010), Strategic Plan for Disaster Risk Management (2011) and Program of Action National Plan to Combat Desertification (2014). In 2017, the Angolan Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment prepared its National StrategyNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change 2020-2035, being revised at the moment, which identifies and defines a set of strategic mitigation and adaptation options for different economic sectors.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

In 2017, the Angolan Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment prepared its National StrategyNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change 2020-2035, being revised at the moment, which identifies and defines a set of strategic mitigation and adaptation options for different economic sectors. The Republic of Angola is committed to the full, effective, and transparent implementation of the Paris Agreement in accordance with its provisions and the relevant Decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP) and the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. 2.2.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The most populated province is Luanda which contains its capital city. Its largest province by area is Cuando Cubango located in the south-east at 204,000 km² followed closely by its northern neighbor Moxico at 201,000 km². Cabinda is an exclave that is separated from the rest of Angola by a narrow strip of territory that belongs to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (Figure 1). Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association)Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2.3.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association)Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2.3. Climate Profile Due to its geographical position, the Angolan territory presents an important climatic diversity, resulting from the combination of several factors such as its size, both in the north-south axis and in the coast-inland axis, the diversity of its topography and the effects of the Oceanic Current of Benguela (cold water). In this way, Angola has three major climatic zones. To the north the climate is characterized as hot and humid tropical and as we walk south, the climate becomes drier until it reaches a desert climate in the south-west, on the border with Namibia. The central plateau region has a temperate tropical climate.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The central plateau region has a temperate tropical climate. There are two different seasons, a hot and humid season, in which rainfall is greater and another cooler and drier. In general, rainfall is higher in the north and inland, increasing with altitude. The Benguela current makes the coastal regions of Angola arid or semi-arid. 2.3.1. Future Climate Projections & Trends in climate variables The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has defined four different scenarios, called Representative Concentration Pathways (CPR), which differ in their ability to dissipate heat, ranging from the optimistic (2.6) to the pessimistic (8.5) scenario, through the intermediate scenarios 4.5 and 6.0. The difference between these two intermediate scenarios is when radiation stabilization occurs, respectively, before 2060 or in 2100[8].

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The difference between these two intermediate scenarios is when radiation stabilization occurs, respectively, before 2060 or in 2100[8]. Considering RCP4.5 scenario, future projections for Angola indicate an increase in the average annual temperature of 1.2 to 3.2ºC in 2060, with warmer and less cold days and nights, a generalized warming of surface waters on the northern and southern frontiers of the large marine ecosystem of the Benguela current, a variation in annual precipitation between -27% and + 20% in 2090, a greater probability of extreme events, such as heat waves, droughts and intense rains. The waterproofing of urban soil will increase the risk of flooding caused by high-intensity point rains [20].

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Increase Sea Level Rise (SLR) Average sea level increase until the year 2100 between interval, between 17% and 84%. Already incorporating an increase in the global average temperature between 1.5 ° C and 2.0 ° C, the increase in sea level would be between 0.35m and 0.93m for the same confidence interval. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Wind direction No drastic changes expected. Local phenomena produced by urban corridors may have a specific impact, more linked to the effects of urbanization than global warming. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Direction of sea currents No drastic changes planned in terms of direction. Variability can be recorded in terms of vertical adjustments resulting from changes in temperature.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

However, decades of ocean observations show that the CO2 absorbed by the ocean is changing the chemistry of seawater. When seawater absorbs carbon dioxide its acidity is increased. Increase 2.3.1. Climate Change Impacts Angola s vulnerability to climate change has been felt over time, with frequent episodes of extreme weather phenomena such as drought or floods, as well as coastal degradation and marked temperature variability in some areas of the country [19], with a special focus on the coast where most of the country s population is concentrated. Policy makers and other relevant stakeholders are increasingly aware of the tendency for them to get worse.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The main climate change impacts are presented below (Table 2).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 2 – Climate change impacts[28] Climate change impacts Sea level rise Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Change in sea currents circulation Rising water temperature and increased salinization Increased soil instability and landslide Increased susceptibility to desertification and soil erosion Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Electricity supply instability Health risks and disease transmission Change / Loss of biodiversity Acidification of the sea and fresh water Intrusion of seawater in coastal areas Erosion of riverbeds and consequent sediment accumulation in estuaries 2.4. Sociocultural Characteristics Population According to the results of the Angolan General Population and Housing Census (RGPH 2014), the country’s total population was of 25.789.024 inhabitants (31.127.674 est.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Sociocultural Characteristics Population According to the results of the Angolan General Population and Housing Census (RGPH 2014), the country’s total population was of 25.789.024 inhabitants (31.127.674 est. in 2020), unevenly distributed in the territory with 63% residing in urban areas and 37% in rural areas[10], and a strong concentration in the province of Luanda of around 6.9 million people. The country has one of the lowest demographic densities in the world with only 20.6 inhabitants per km2 and vast regions with no inhabitants or with less than 5 inhabitants per km2, however continues to have one of the highest fertility rates of Africa (registering 5.9 children per woman on average in 2010-2015)[19].

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The country has one of the lowest demographic densities in the world with only 20.6 inhabitants per km2 and vast regions with no inhabitants or with less than 5 inhabitants per km2, however continues to have one of the highest fertility rates of Africa (registering 5.9 children per woman on average in 2010-2015)[19]. Despite the demographic density is globally low, it is extremely unequal: the urban areas, which are constantly expanding, are contrasted with large sparsely populated areas, particularly in the provinces located along to the coast of the country.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] The population projections for the period 2014-2050, from the National Institute of Statistics, (based on birth, mortality and migration, using an average natural population growth rate of 3%) predicts that the total population will be more than double from just over 31.1 million in 2020 to 67.9 million in 2050, as presented in the table below (Table 3).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Despite the demographic density is globally low, it is extremely unequal: the urban areas, which are constantly expanding, are contrasted with large sparsely populated areas, particularly in the provinces located along to the coast of the country.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] The population projections for the period 2014-2050, from the National Institute of Statistics, (based on birth, mortality and migration, using an average natural population growth rate of 3%) predicts that the total population will be more than double from just over 31.1 million in 2020 to 67.9 million in 2050, as presented in the table below (Table 3). Thus, this evolution of the population was considered in the projections of emissions until 2025 and 2030.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Thus, this evolution of the population was considered in the projections of emissions until 2025 and 2030. Contributing to the population growth tendency is the declining of mortality in the country in recent years as a reflection of the increase of life expectancy at birth, decrease of juvenile mortality rates and lower VIH prevalence in pregnant women (despite existence of some provincial variation)[15]. Table 3 – Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] Population projections 2020-2050 (hab.) According to the 2014 Census estimates, the life expectancy at birth of an Angolan is 60.3 years (57.6 years for men and 63 for women), although the country aims to belong to the Human Development Index high score countries (index higher than 0.70) by 2025.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

According to the 2014 Census estimates, the life expectancy at birth of an Angolan is 60.3 years (57.6 years for men and 63 for women), although the country aims to belong to the Human Development Index high score countries (index higher than 0.70) by 2025. Furthermore, the age structure of the population is very young (average age of 20.6 years), with 65% of the national total population under 24 and only 2% over 65 years old [19].Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Education and Literacy Angola is a multicultural and multilingual country. Portuguese, the only official language, is known by 80% of the population as the primary or secondary language.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3