alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Singapore
Document: LTS

We will continue to encourage people to switch from private to public transport by expanding and improving the public transport system by: • Expanding the rail network from 230km in 2017 to 360km by 2030, with eight in ten households to be within a ten-minute walk from a train station; • Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times; and • Maintaining an open and contestable point-to-point market to allow people to have access to taxis and private hire cars, and encouraging car-sharing to give commuters more choices for their journeys without having to own a car. To encourage more people to take public transport, our public housing towns are designed such that their transport hubs integrate train stations with bus interchanges and are equipped with sheltered walkways that connect to housing blocks and amenities.CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE CHARTING SING APORE S LOW- C ARBON AND CLIMATE RE SILIENT FUTURE The Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Volvo Buses are trialling a full size, autonomous electric bus equipped with a comprehensive artificial intelligence system developed by NTU Singapore engineers.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Progressively implementing Transit Priority Corridors that serve as dedicated and continuous bus lanes and deploying smarter traffic control solutions to reduce passengers’ commute times
Country: United Kingdom
Document: LTS

• Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector. • Maximise carbon savings from the use of low carbon fuels, including by increasing the main Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) target. • Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking. • Support decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament. • Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030
Country: United Kingdom
Document: LTS

• Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030. As announced in the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we will create at least one zero emission transport city. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener• Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030
Country: Myanmar
Document: Updated NDC

Old diesel locomotive engines continue to be used, with diesel consumptions around 900,000 gallons a month. Myanmar is in the process of upgrading its existing network of 6100 km, including expanding railway lines across the country. Current upgrades will use electric-diesel hybrid locomotives which are 50% more efficient than existing locomotives, and so use less fossil fuel. The railway network will play a key role in Urban MRT in Myanmar as more trains will be introduced. High speed trains and monorails are also planned to depend on feasibility studies and ensuring social and environmental standards are met, including designing wildlife friendly infrastructure. Myanmar thus seeks international technical and financial assistance in combinations of grants and concessional loans to develop the railway sector.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: The railway network will play a key role in Urban MRT in Myanmar as more trains will be introduced.
Country: Tajikistan
Document: Updated NDC

Transport: ● Resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks;● Increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks); ● Adoption of climate resilience codes and standards; ● Access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues; ● Switch to cleaner and environmentally friendly fuels for vehicles. Further expansion in use of vehicles having high fuel efficiency, corresponding to the world standards; ● Measures to encourage transition from polluting fuels to other less polluting energy or fuels, or biofuels, as well as transition to a modern energy efficient transport working on energies like gasoline to liquefied gas, hybrid vehicles (gasoline/electricity), electric vehicles and etc; ● Building facilities for car manufacturing as well as for disposal and recycling of old vehicles; ● Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides; ● Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians); ● Development of transport and urban planning (multipurpose land use, pedestrian communities, multimodal and intermodal transport, etc.)

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians);
Country: Tajikistan
Document: Updated NDC

Further expansion in use of vehicles having high fuel efficiency, corresponding to the world standards; ● Measures to encourage transition from polluting fuels to other less polluting energy or fuels, or biofuels, as well as transition to a modern energy efficient transport working on energies like gasoline to liquefied gas, hybrid vehicles (gasoline/electricity), electric vehicles and etc; ● Building facilities for car manufacturing as well as for disposal and recycling of old vehicles; ● Planting of protective tree rows along roads on the roadsides; ● Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians); ● Development of transport and urban planning (multipurpose land use, pedestrian communities, multimodal and intermodal transport, etc.) that helps to reduce the use of cars; ● Encouraging railway transportation, which allows to move the freight and/or passenger flows from road to rail; improvement of existing lines or construction of new railways and electrification of railway lines.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Altering modes of urban transportation: priority to public urban transportation, non-motorized transport (bicycles, skateboards and pedestrians);
Country: Tonga
Document: LTS

Description: This action focuses on the expansion and creation of new cycling and pedestrian pathways/sidewalks both within and outside the central business district of Nuku’alofa. It includes the development of an integrated urban planning program (homes, employment, transport), dedicated cycle lanes, pedestrians-only city centre areas (cyclist and pedestrians only paths /roads) and permanent removal of import duties for bicycles. This will be brought together under a green cities program with a sustained 5-year awareness raising campaign on health benefits of cycling and walking. In the past, Tongans walked a lot, so there are strong linkages to culture which can be reactivated, making this a matter of learning from the past and building it into the future of sustainable transport and community health.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: dedicated cycle lanes
Country: Colombia
Document: LTS

La intensidad energética del trans- porte de carga se reducirá entre el 30 % y 45 % en 2050, comparado con 2015. Transporte aéreo y aeropuertos con tecnologías que reduzcan el ries- go por cambio climático, el ruido y las emisiones GEI (en lo que corre- sponda a Colombia) desarrollándose con aumentos de productividad y mejora constante de precios a. Restricción de operación de aviones que superen emisiones de CO respecto a un límite definido acorde con la vigilancia tecnológica. b. El 100 % de la infraestructura aeronáutica y aeroportuaria del país reduce el riesgo climático. Pico de gasolina y diésel para el año 2040 y fin del ingreso de nue- vos vehículos con motores mov- idos por esos combustibles a.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: El 100 % de la infraestructura aeronáutica y aeroportuaria del país reduce el riesgo climátic
Country: Dominican Republic
Document: Updated NDC

- Salud humana y Sistemas de Emergencia: mejora de los servicios de salud para grupos vulnerables de la población; mejorar la infraestructura de los hospitales para su puesta en funcionamiento según los estándares ecológicos; sistemas de prevención, alerta temprana, gestión y superación del impacto de eventos climáticos extremos (olas de frío y calor, inundaciones). - Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos; aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías); adopción de códigos y estándares de resiliencia climática; el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos
Country: Dominican Republic
Document: Updated NDC

- Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos; aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías); adopción de códigos y estándares de resiliencia climática; el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género. - Energía: promover la interacción agua-energía-tierra con fuentes de energía renovables; protección climática de la infraestructura del sistema energético; garantizar el funcionamiento de la infraestructura energética en cualquier condición climática, introducir mejores estándares de eficiencia energética en equipos e inmuebles.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos
Country: Dominican Republic
Document: Updated NDC

- Salud humana y Sistemas de Emergencia: mejora de los servicios de salud para grupos vulnerables de la población; mejorar la infraestructura de los hospitales para su puesta en funcionamiento según los estándares ecológicos; sistemas de prevención, alerta temprana, gestión y superación del impacto de eventos climáticos extremos (olas de frío y calor, inundaciones). - Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos; aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías); adopción de códigos y estándares de resiliencia climática; el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías)
Country: Dominican Republic
Document: Updated NDC

- Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos; aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías); adopción de códigos y estándares de resiliencia climática; el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género. - Energía: promover la interacción agua-energía-tierra con fuentes de energía renovables; protección climática de la infraestructura del sistema energético; garantizar el funcionamiento de la infraestructura energética en cualquier condición climática, introducir mejores estándares de eficiencia energética en equipos e inmuebles.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías)
Country: Dominican Republic
Document: Updated NDC

- Salud humana y Sistemas de Emergencia: mejora de los servicios de salud para grupos vulnerables de la población; mejorar la infraestructura de los hospitales para su puesta en funcionamiento según los estándares ecológicos; sistemas de prevención, alerta temprana, gestión y superación del impacto de eventos climáticos extremos (olas de frío y calor, inundaciones). - Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos; aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías); adopción de códigos y estándares de resiliencia climática; el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género
Country: Dominican Republic
Document: Updated NDC

- Transporte: infraestructura urbana resiliente para reducir la exposición a los riesgos climáticos; aumentar la resiliencia climática de la infraestructura de transporte (carreteras, puentes, viaductos, ferrocarriles, vías); adopción de códigos y estándares de resiliencia climática; el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género. - Energía: promover la interacción agua-energía-tierra con fuentes de energía renovables; protección climática de la infraestructura del sistema energético; garantizar el funcionamiento de la infraestructura energética en cualquier condición climática, introducir mejores estándares de eficiencia energética en equipos e inmuebles.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: el acceso de la población rural a un sistema de carreteras resiliente al clima que tenga en cuenta las cuestiones sociales, de edad y de género
Country: Fiji
Document: LTS

Regarding all transport infrastructure, the NAP proposes to develop certification standards for climate proofing transport infrastructure and establishing measures to ensure compliance, and to promote institution strengthening and capacity building for integrated transport planning. With regard to land transport, the NAP proposes to: conduct road inspections, renew and upgrade road infrastructure to address current and future risks, address the impacts of overloaded trucks on sealed road pavement and bridges and to enforce load restrictions, and work to renew and upgrade priority water crossings to withstand climate impacts. Maritime transport has been described as the lifeline of Pacific SIDS, such as Fiji. It is essential to all agendas for climate change resilience, adaptation, economic and sustainable development (including fulfilling most SDGs), government service delivery, and natural disaster preparedness and response.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: renew and upgrade road infrastructure to address current and future risks
Country: Fiji
Document: LTS

Regarding all transport infrastructure, the NAP proposes to develop certification standards for climate proofing transport infrastructure and establishing measures to ensure compliance, and to promote institution strengthening and capacity building for integrated transport planning. With regard to land transport, the NAP proposes to: conduct road inspections, renew and upgrade road infrastructure to address current and future risks, address the impacts of overloaded trucks on sealed road pavement and bridges and to enforce load restrictions, and work to renew and upgrade priority water crossings to withstand climate impacts. Maritime transport has been described as the lifeline of Pacific SIDS, such as Fiji. It is essential to all agendas for climate change resilience, adaptation, economic and sustainable development (including fulfilling most SDGs), government service delivery, and natural disaster preparedness and response.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: work to renew and upgrade priority water crossings to withstand climate impacts.
Country: Fiji
Document: LTS

Vessels themselves are also highly exposed to increasingly strong storm events and changing weather patterns. In part, to address these issues the NAP calls for new or upgraded climate resilient jetties and landings and repairs and upgrades to lighthouses, beacons, and other navigation aids.248 Smaller vessels and technology, such as WiG craft and dirigibles, also have potential to allow more direct access to communities and reduce reliance on vulnerable shoreside infrastructure. The NAP does not directly address adaptation for domestic air transport, but this too is an important consideration for the LEDS. Mitigation actions identified for the domestic air transport sector are aligned with the Government of Fiji’s national climate change adaptation and resilience objectives.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: new or upgraded climate resilient jetties and landings and repairs and upgrades to lighthouses, beacons, and other navigation aids
Country: Japan
Document: LTS

with cooperation of related businesses, enhancement of efficient logistics networks using technology like automated driving, improvement of truck transportation efficiency including advanced logistics systems with cooperation among related businesses using digital technology from the perspective of logistics MaaS29, and further promotion of modal shifts to shipping and rail. It is necessary to make the transportation and logistics system more resilient to climate change risks so that transportation and logistics services as essential services will not be disrupted for a long time in the event of a disaster. In the shipping sector, by promoting the development and implementation of low-carbon and decarbonizing technologies and leading the establishment of related international regulations, Japan will strategically strive for carbon-neutral maritime transportation.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: It is necessary to make the transportation and logistics system more resilient to climate change risks so that transportation and logistics services as essential services will not be disrupted for a long time in the event of a disaster.
Country: Japan
Document: LTS

Strengthening transportation and logistics systems to cope with climate change risks The Government will strengthen the transportation infrastructure to ensure the functioning of transportation and logistics at the time of disaster, strengthen the initial response system of local transportation bureaus, etc., and enhance proactive measures such as transportation disaster prevention management to promote the improvement of disaster response capabilities of transportation businesses. The Government will appropriately promote the control of human flow and logistics during disasters by deepening the planned suspension of railways and promoting the prevention of airport isolation and so on, in order to suppress traffic during disasters from the perspective of saving lives, etc.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: The Government will appropriately promote the control of human flow and logistics during disasters by deepening the planned suspension of railways and promoting the prevention of airport isolation and so on, in order to suppress traffic during disasters from the perspective of saving lives, etc
Country: Japan
Document: LTS

The Government will appropriately promote the control of human flow and logistics during disasters by deepening the planned suspension of railways and promoting the prevention of airport isolation and so on, in order to suppress traffic during disasters from the perspective of saving lives, etc. k. Promotion of Carbon Neutral Port (CNP) initiative The Government will promote the CNP initiative through upgrading port functions, taking account of decarbonization, such as stopping idling of ships by introducing onshore power supply to ships at anchor, introducing independent hydrogen power sources, promoting the use of hydrogen fuel for cargo handling 35 A technology for capturing CO2 from the exhaust gas emitted from heat engines.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: The Government will appropriately promote the control of human flow and logistics during disasters by deepening the planned suspension of railways and promoting the prevention of airport isolation and so on, in order to suppress traffic during disasters from the perspective of saving lives, etc
Country: Nauru
Document: Updated NDC

Durable partnerships and access to adequate means of implementation will be required to fully achieve these goals.1. PRODUCTIVE LAND & COAST Reducing Coastal Erosion Almost all homes and critical infrastructure in Nauru, including schools, the hospital, and the airport, are located along the low-lying coastal perimeter of the island, typically only a few meters above sea level, leaving them highly vulnerable to coastal flooding and storm surge. Coastal erosion, which is clearly visible in many locations around the island and appears to be accelerating, exacerbates this risk. Sea level rise in the Pacific has been occurring at three times the global average and is likely a contributing factor to observed coastal erosion.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: Reducing Coastal Erosion Almost all homes and critical infrastructure in Nauru, including schools, the hospital, and the airport, are located along the low-lying coastal perimeter of the island, typically only a few meters above sea level, leaving them highly vulnerable to coastal flooding and storm surge. Coastal erosion, which is clearly visible in many locations around the island and appears to be accelerating, exacerbates this risk.