alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Introduction of more advanced technologies
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

Introduction of CO2 tax Reduction of network losses Large hydropower plants Incentives feed-in tariff Incentives feed-in premium Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar thermal collectors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Increased use of heat pumps Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Retrofitting of existing residential, commercial, central government, and local self-government buildings Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Construction of passive buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Green procurements Increased use of central heating systems Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Introduction of more advanced technologies Increased use of the railway Renewing of the national car fleet Renewing of other national road fleet Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Electrification of the transport Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Establishing integrated management of forest fires Afforestation Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Photovoltaic irrigation Landfill gas flaring Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Measures to achieve emissions reductionsLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan economy wide cost reduction of €16 billion compared to the WEM Scenario. Investments (Bill. EUR) – Total system costs – Energy (Bill.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Introduction of more advanced technologies
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

Correlation of scenarios in this Strategy with scenarios in other documents WEM WAM Strategy for Energy Development (only Energy sector) Reference Green 3rd Biennial Update Report on Climate Change WEM e-WAM National Energy and Climate Plan WEM WAMLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Table 2. General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on ‘Current Policy’ scenario of WEO Based on ‘Sustainable development’ scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment of hydrogen for HDV, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Households Penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, improvement of building performance, more CFL and LED lighting Higher penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, higher rate of building performance improvement, construction of passive houses, LED lighting Commercial and services Similar as for households (WEM) + 70% of street lighting LED, green procurement Similar as for households (WAM) + 100% of street lighting LED, enhanced green procurement IPPU No existing or additional measures assumed (simple regression model applied) AFOLU Agriculture (Livestock) Enteric fermentation in dairy cows, manure management in dairy cows, swine farms Same as WEM Forestry Integrated management of forest fires, afforestation Same as WEM Other land use Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination, contour cultivation, Perennial grass on inclined terrains (5%- 15%), use of biochar Same as WEM Waste Opening of regional landfills (mechanical and biological treatment, flaring), selection of paper, improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Same as WEM Note: Detailed description of the measures is given in appendix The summary of the obtained results for 2050 shows that the total net GHG emissions are projected to be reduced by 23% in the WEM scenario and 72% in the WAM scenario, compared to the 1990 level (Table 3).

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Introduction of more advanced technologies
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

General objective, assumptions and mitigation policies and measures assumed in WEM and WAM scenarios WEM WAM Assumptions General vision Transition based on current policies Transition based on enhanced policies Main demand drivers GDP Average annual growth rate of 3.3% Population Decline by 0.3% in 2050 compared to 2017 Prices Fuel prices Based on ‘Current Policy’ scenario of WEO Based on ‘Sustainable development’ scenario of WEO 2017 tax introduced in (average up to -eq) -eq) Mitigation measures Energy Power generation Modernization of lignite TPP, intensified RES generation Further intensified RES generation Industry Energy management, introduction of efficient motors (IE3, IE4), introduction of more advanced technologies Energy management, introduction of more efficient motors (IE4, IE5), higher rate of introduction of more advanced technologies (electrification of the industry, replacement of coal with natural gas and biomass) Transport Electrification of the transport sector, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Further electrification of the transport, deployment of hydrogen for HDV, higher penetration of biodiesel and CNG, advanced mobility Households Penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, improvement of building performance, more CFL and LED lighting Higher penetration of EE and RES (solar thermal collectors, heat pumps, modern biomass stoves) technologies, higher rate of building performance improvement, construction of passive houses, LED lighting Commercial and services Similar as for households (WEM) + 70% of street lighting LED, green procurement Similar as for households (WAM) + 100% of street lighting LED, enhanced green procurement IPPU No existing or additional measures assumed (simple regression model applied) AFOLU Agriculture (Livestock) Enteric fermentation in dairy cows, manure management in dairy cows, swine farms Same as WEM Forestry Integrated management of forest fires, afforestation Same as WEM Other land use Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination, contour cultivation, Perennial grass on inclined terrains (5%- 15%), use of biochar Same as WEM Waste Opening of regional landfills (mechanical and biological treatment, flaring), selection of paper, improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Same as WEM Note: Detailed description of the measures is given in appendix The summary of the obtained results for 2050 shows that the total net GHG emissions are projected to be reduced by 23% in the WEM scenario and 72% in the WAM scenario, compared to the 1990 level (Table 3). Having in mind that most of the emissions are coming from the Energy sector, the reduction of 72% in the total net GHG emissions can be achieved if the emissions in the Energy sector are reduced by 64% in 2050, compared to 1990 level.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Introduction of more advanced technologies
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

Because the mix of fuels used in Industry in the WEM scenario is similar throughout the planning period, emissions increase accordingly at a similar rate, reaching 2.8 Tg CO2-eq in 2050. On the other hand, the higher price of the CO2 tax in the WAM scenario contributes to the change of the fuel mix, primarily for the decommissioning of coal, which at the same time contributes to the introduction of more advanced technologies (using mainly natural gas, biomass and electricity) which together with the industrial energy management measures and the introduction of more efficient electric motors contribute to a 25% reduction in energy consumption in the WAM scenario compared to the WEM scenario in 2050.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Introduction of more advanced technologies
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

On the other hand, the higher price of the CO2 tax in the WAM scenario contributes to the change of the fuel mix, primarily for the decommissioning of coal, which at the same time contributes to the introduction of more advanced technologies (using mainly natural gas, biomass and electricity) which together with the industrial energy management measures and the introduction of more efficient electric motors contribute to a 25% reduction in energy consumption in the WAM scenario compared to the WEM scenario in 2050. At the same time, the change in the fuel mix leads to a drastic reduction in GHG emissions of about 60% in the WAM scenario compared to the WEM scenario in 2050.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Introduction of more advanced technologies
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

In the WAM scenario, the total emissions are estimated to drop by 46% in 2050 compared to 2017, or by 54% compared to the WEM scenario. The decommissioning of the lignite power plants due to the high carbon price and their replacement with RES will result in a 93% reduction of emissions from the electricity and heat production sector. Although the emissions from the industry sector are estimated to rise over the analysed period (for 26%), their level is lower compared to the WEM scenario. On the other hand, the emissions from the transport sector are estimated to slightly reduce as a result of the introduction of more advanced technologies using less carbon-intensive fuels. Figure 19.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Introduction of more advanced technologies
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

On the other hand, the emissions from the transport sector are estimated to slightly reduce as a result of the introduction of more advanced technologies using less carbon-intensive fuels. Figure 19. GHG emissions development by sector including MEMO items (import + aviation) If the Memo items are not included in the total GHG emissions, the emissions in the WEM scenario are estimated to increase by 26%, while in the WAM scenario to decrease by 53% (Figure 20). Therefore, in 2050 the emissions in the WAM scenario are estimated to be 3.5 Mt, which is 63% lower compared to the WEM scenario (9.5 Mt). WAM WEM Mt Agriculture Electricity and Heat Production Fugitive emissions Industry Memo item - electricity import Memo item - international aviation Commercial Residential TransportLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Figure 20.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Introduction of more advanced technologies
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Introduction of more advanced technologies
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Introduction of more advanced technologies
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

This measure considers replacement of the obsolete machines currently in use, with new more efficient motors Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/EC Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Private companies Monitoring entity: • Energy Regulatory Commission • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 5.0 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 7.8 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • New efficient electric motors installed in a number of companies • Replacement of the existing electric motors from the production processes in the industry facilities in RN Macedonia with more efficient ones Finance: Budget: 5.0 Source of finance: 7.8 Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR. Study of the Industry Sector - Analysis of Mitigation Policies and Measures Assumptions/ General comments: It is envisaged that the share of efficient electric motors by 2040 will be 60% A-M-26: Introduction of more advanced technologies Main objective: Introduction of more advanced technologies in the industrial processes that will also enable use of more environmentally friendly fuels Description: Advanced industrial technologies present major opportunities for further reduction of the energy consumption and potentially lower costs as well as environmental benefits.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Introduction of more advanced technologies
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

Study of the Industry Sector - Analysis of Mitigation Policies and Measures Assumptions/ General comments: It is envisaged that the share of efficient electric motors by 2040 will be 60% A-M-26: Introduction of more advanced technologies Main objective: Introduction of more advanced technologies in the industrial processes that will also enable use of more environmentally friendly fuels Description: Advanced industrial technologies present major opportunities for further reduction of the energy consumption and potentially lower costs as well as environmental benefits. In addition, they can help various industries to progress at a much faster rate Implementation period: 2020 – 2040 Type of policy instrument: Technical Link to the EU policies (where applicable): Energy efficiency directive 2010/31/ECLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Relevant national planning documents, legal and regulatory acts: • Strategy for Energy Development of the RN Macedonia up to 2040 • Law on energy efficiency Implementing entity: • Government of the Republic of North Macedonia • Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning • Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency • Private investors Monitoring entity: Ministry of Economy, Energy Agency GHG(s) affected (if applicable): Quantified objective /Indicators used to monitor and evaluate progress over time: Final energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 59.4 Primary energy savings (ktoe) in 2030: 62.5 Actions to support the implementation of the objective: • Construction of gas network in RN Macedonia • Klechovce-Valve station 5 (Stip), finished in 2016 • Valve station 5(Stip)-Negotino, finished in 2019 • Finishing the construction of gas network in RN Macedonia • Negotino (Kavadarci)-Bitola, 76.36% realized November 2019 • Skopje-Tetovo-Gostivar, 53.1% realized November 2019 • Gostivar-Kicevo, in a process of obtaining building permit (by 2022) • Kicevo-Ohrid (to be finished by 2025) • Valve station 5 (Stip)-Radovis-Strumica Finance: Budget: 438.6 M€ Source of finance: Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Progress monitoring: Objective achieved: Activities implemented: Yes/No Yes/No Reference to assessments and underpinning technical reports: Energy Strategy up to 2040, NECP, 3rd BUR.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Introduction of more advanced technologies