alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Seychelles
Document: Updated NDC

• Develop a Port Development Master Plan, which caters for growth and integrate climate change considerations. • Improve communication on waste management (repairing, reducing and recycling waste) as well as providing incentives to encourage a circular economy approach for Seychelles. • Improve management of freshwater resources and implement new strategies to reuse water27 and implement the existing Water Resource Management Strategies as part of the Seychelles Water Supply Development Plan. • Undertake the risk assessment of existing and future road networks and construction of retaining walls and drains are important adaptation actions, which need to be further developed and implemented in collaboration with key partners. • Develop and implement a comprehensive road transport strategy to promote active, safe and sustainable transportation such as walking and cycling.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: Develop a Port Development Master Plan, which caters for growth and integrate climate change considerations.
Country: Cameroon
Document: Updated NDC

Ainsi les Camerounais particulièrement les femmes, les enfants et les personnes vulnérables et les secteurs économiques du pays vont acquérir une plus grande résilience et une plus grande capacité d’adaptation aux impacts négatifs des changements climatiques.République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 6.1 Les priorités de l’adaptation et la résilience au Cameroun Tableau 2 : Priorités d’adaptation suivant chaque secteur et ODD correspondant Secteur Priorités ODD Correspondant Agriculture - Promouvoir une agriculture intelligente face au climat pour renforcer la résilience et améliorer les investissements dans l adaptation et renforcer la résilience des communautés aux effets néfastes du changement climatique grâce à un accès et une connectivité améliorée, et un stockage des aliments - Renforcer la chaîne de valeur dans l agriculture Energie - Assurer l’approvisionnement énergétique durable et procéder à la certification de la résilience climatique des infrastructures énergétiques - Garantir la sécurité énergétique Infrastructures - Construire des infrastructures, y compris des systèmes ferroviaires, des aéroports et des ports maritimes, qui résistent au climat grâce à l intégration de mesures d adaptation et de résilience pour améliorer la durabilité. - Soutenir les infrastructures régionales et améliorer le commerce et Renforcer la résilience des corridors de transport régionaux - Assurer la résilience des systèmes de transport urbain et ruralRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Résilience des populations - Renforcer la résilience des communautés aux effets néfastes du changement climatique grâce à un accès et une connectivité améliorée, et un stockage des aliments - Développer les compétences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarité sociale - Mettre en place un mécanisme de suivi de l’adaptation au changement climatique spécifique aux vulnérabilités locales - Contribuer à éliminer l extrême pauvreté Economie et développement - Renforcer l’environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un développement résilient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources nécessaires pour le financement de l’adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l’économie circulaire et soutenir la création des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des déchets ODD 8 & ODD 9République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 6.2- Projets d’adaptation L’ensemble des projets présentés correspondent aux axes stratégiques définis par la Stratégie Nationale de Développement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu’aux attentes de la CDN révisée.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: Soutenir les infrastructures régionales et améliorer le commerce
Country: Cameroon
Document: Updated NDC

- Soutenir les infrastructures régionales et améliorer le commerce et Renforcer la résilience des corridors de transport régionaux - Assurer la résilience des systèmes de transport urbain et ruralRépublique du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Résilience des populations - Renforcer la résilience des communautés aux effets néfastes du changement climatique grâce à un accès et une connectivité améliorée, et un stockage des aliments - Développer les compétences humaines sensibles aux enjeux du changement climatique - Renforcer la solidarité sociale - Mettre en place un mécanisme de suivi de l’adaptation au changement climatique spécifique aux vulnérabilités locales - Contribuer à éliminer l extrême pauvreté Economie et développement - Renforcer l’environnement des affaires pour accroitre les investissements visant le passage vers un développement résilient - Renforcer la mobilisation des ressources nécessaires pour le financement de l’adaptation - Appuyer la promotion des initiatives sur l’économie circulaire et soutenir la création des emplois dans le secteur du recyclage des déchets ODD 8 & ODD 9République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 6.2- Projets d’adaptation L’ensemble des projets présentés correspondent aux axes stratégiques définis par la Stratégie Nationale de Développement 2020-2030, le PNACC ainsi qu’aux attentes de la CDN révisée. Projet 1 : Mise en place d’un système d’observation, de gestion des informations et d’alerte sur les risques climatiques au Cameroun ; Projet 2 : Actualisation du plan national de contingence au Cameroun et opérationnalisation du fonds d’urgence ; Projet 3 : Élaboration de Plan d’Affectation des Terres sensibles aux risques climatiques ; Projet 4 : Sensibilisation de la population, des professionnels, des administrations et des décideurs sur les effets des changements climatiques et sur les mesures à prendre ; Projet 5 : Résilience des infrastructures et des systèmes de développement littoraux contre les effets des changements climatiques.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: Soutenir les infrastructures régionales et améliorer le commerce
Country: Congo
Document: Updated NDC

• Politique énergétique nationale 2018-2028, qui sous- tend l action sur le secteur énergétique, affectant les villes face aux impacts du changement climatique • Un soutien au projet a été reçu pour créer un secteur des transports plus résilient au changement climatique • L’action sur les options de transport à faibles émissions reste sans appui • Connecter les agriculteurs aux marchés des zones rurales via des infrastructures à l épreuve du climat • Mesures pour accroître les défenses côtières des infrastructures, normes et codes de planification physique résilients au climat • «Écologisation» des plans de développement urbain • Les systèmes d eaux pluviales et de drainage et la gestion des déchets (égouts, municipaux, industriels) nécessitent des améliorations Migration induite par le climat • Soutien indirect à l action sur les migrations induites par le climat • Les évaluations de la réinstallation, de la réinstallation et de l inclusion sociale de genre doivent être explorées • Sensibilisation aux impacts des migrations liées au changement climatique sur les terres coutumières • Un éventail de stratégies et d activités est également nécessaire pour préparer la réinstallation, y compris des consultations approfondies avec les migrants induits par le climat et leurs communautés d accueil; le NCCDMP stipule que le soutien à la réinstallation des personnes devrait être envisagé, y compris par le biais de la planification et de la construction de bâtiments et d infrastructures par le gouvernement local. Paludisme et maladies à transmission vectorielle • Le paludisme est reconnu comme l une des cinq principales activités prioritaires du ministère de la Santé • Des mesures ont été prises pour détruire et réduire la reproduction des vecteurs du paludisme • La gestion de la santé environnementale est à l’étude • La politique d impact du changement climatique sur la santé est en cours de rédaction • Améliorer les services de santé environnementale.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: Un soutien au projet a été reçu pour créer un secteur des transports plus résilient au changement climatique
Country: Liberia
Document: 1st NDC

Strengthen early warning systems and evacuation planning for intense rainfall events and floods. Install signs high above the ground that can alert pedestrians and motorists of unsafe zones, such as low-lying areas. Maintain and upgrade roads with appropriate drainage systems to cope with flooding. Improve and enhance public transport services. Implementation of Adaptation Actions In Liberia, many sectoral policies have not mainstreamed the impacts of climate change. These include energy, hydrology/meteorology, health, transport and disaster. An overarching climate change policy is currently being developed which will serve as the pillar for comprehensive sectoral strategies and action plans.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: Improve and enhance public transport services.
Country: Republic of Moldova
Document: Updated NDC

Forestry: afforestation/reforestation, promoting the ecosystem approach in adaptation of forests to climate change; promoting agroforestry and silvo-pastoral practices; sustainable management of forests and ecosystem services; organic matter restoration in degraded pastures. Human Health: Improving health services for vulnerable groups of the population; Improving the infrastructure of hospitals for operationalization to “green”Updated Nationally Determined Contribution of the Republic of Moldova standards; Prevention, early warning, management and overcoming the impact of extreme weather events (heat and cold waves, floods). Transport: resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks; increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks); adoption of climate resilience codes and standards; access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues.
Country: Republic of Moldova
Document: Updated NDC

Transport: resilient urban infrastructure to reduce exposure to climate risks; increasing climate resilience of transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, viaducts, railways, tracks); adoption of climate resilience codes and standards; access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues. Energy: promoting water-energy-land interaction with renewable energy sources; climate protection of the energy system infrastructure; ensure operation of energy infrastructure in any climatic conditions. Inter-Sectorial Priorities: Improving resilience of the Republic Moldova’s communities to adverse climate change effects, taking into account social and gender issues. Most of the adaptation actions specified under agriculture, forestry, transport and energy sectors have a clear impact on mitigation. However, the evaluation of such positive and negative co-benefits is not done because currently the appropriate methodologies are not available.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: access of the rural population to a climate-resilient road system that takes into account social, age and gender issues.
Country: Tajikistan
Document: Updated NDC

In forestry, adaptation measures (many of which also have strong mitigation benefits) include reforestation/afforestation, natural and active/assisted regeneration, forest protection from cutting, grazing, fire, pests etc., improved and sustainable management of existing forest, improved pasture productivity, promoting crosscutting actions: integrated land management, improving the regulatory framework, strengthening law enforcement, developing a sustainable financing system, conducting inventory and monitoring, and investing in science and innovation. List of adaptation measures in the transport sector: ● improving the protection and long-term maintenance of transport infrastructure; ● updating national building codes for the construction of bridges; ● providing support to improve infrastructure and access roads in the country, in particular in hazardous and vulnerable areas; ● adapting rail, road, air and all modes of transport, including non-traditional and special modes of transport, to the requirements under international standards; ● promoting the implementation of incentives and regulations for fuel-efficient vehicles.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: adapting rail, road, air and all modes of transport, including non-traditional and special modes of transport, to the requirements under international standards;
Country: Tajikistan
Document: Updated NDC

List of adaptation measures in the transport sector: ● improving the protection and long-term maintenance of transport infrastructure; ● updating national building codes for the construction of bridges; ● providing support to improve infrastructure and access roads in the country, in particular in hazardous and vulnerable areas; ● adapting rail, road, air and all modes of transport, including non-traditional and special modes of transport, to the requirements under international standards; ● promoting the implementation of incentives and regulations for fuel-efficient vehicles. List of adaptation measures in the industry and construction sector: ● equipping large enterprises with modern energy-saving and digital technologies; ● a national industrial sector that embraces the environmental protection and creation of a green economy; introduction of rational consumption and production patterns; greening of industry; ● development of sustainable infrastructure based on the implementation of green investment projects; ● creation of early warning systems for the adoption of protective measures and prevention of damage and loss of infrastructure.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: adapting rail, road, air and all modes of transport, including non-traditional and special modes of transport, to the requirements under international standards;
Country: Micronesia
Document: Updated NDC

In many instances, the existing capacity of infrastructure, particularly at port facilities, is already inadequate and requires expansion just to meet current needs. This imposes additional costs on the country by slowing the transfer of goods to and from shipping vessels. Improving the capacity and resilience of the transport network and ports of entry is essential for building the country’s broader economic resilience to climate change and its impacts on global supply chains. The FSM is considering the use of battery powered land, sea, and air transportation powered by renewable energy. The FSM recognizes that all private sector operations and government functions, including education, health, social and emergency services, depend on an effectively functioning and climate-resilient transportation infrastructure system.

Question: What structural, technical and infrastructure upgrades are envisioned?
Answer: Improving the capacity and resilience of the transport network and ports of entry is essential for building the country’s broader economic resilience to climate change and its impacts on global supply chains. The FSM is considering the use of battery powered land, sea, and air transportation powered by renewable energy
Country: France
Document: LTS

Other alternative fuels, such as synthetic kerosene, could be used if their environmental and energy balance proves relevant. a) Guideline T 1: provide the sector with incentive price signals Find a way to gradually standardise intra-European competition in road transport, in order to standardise fuel tax rates at European level or within a group of neighbouring Member States, particularly for professional road transport, in line with the objectives of greening fleets and with public policy objectives (e.g. for public transport). Enable the internalisation of the external costs of road use (climatic, environmental, health and use) and charge a fair price for road modes, both over long distances and in urban areas.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Enable the internalisation of the external costs of road use (climatic, environmental, health and use) and charge a fair price for road modes, both over long distances and in urban areas.
Country: France
Document: LTS

Enable the internalisation of the external costs of road use (climatic, environmental, health and use) and charge a fair price for road modes, both over long distances and in urban areas. For air transport, support a significant increase in the share of alternative fuels that are highly decarbonated (in life cycle analysis) and convincing in terms of their overall environmental and energy balance by relying on second-generation biofuels or even synthetic kerosene, support R&D to improve energy efficiency and to develop alternatives to hydrocarbons (hydrogen and electric aircraft), and act in European and international bodies to strengthen existing fiscal and market instruments (ETS, CORSIA, ticket taxes), or even replace them with new ones (kerosene taxation), in order to accelerate the decarbonisation of air transport, seeking convergence with national energy taxation.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Enable the internalisation of the external costs of road use (climatic, environmental, health and use) and charge a fair price for road modes, both over long distances and in urban areas.
Country: Slovakia
Document: LTS

Economic and tax instruments, which will result in a change in the projected energy consumption, environmentally friendly fuels will dominate, which should be with a lower tax. Increased road charging, which will result in a change in demand for road freight transport. According to the calculated projections (Figure 14) broken down by individual gas (Table 12 in Annex I), there are clear downward emission trends for CO2 and N2O until 2040 but CH4 emissions are growing in the WAM scenario compared to the WEM scenario. The most probable reason is a growing trend of natural gas consumption and biogas/biomethane consumption in road transport and its increasing share in fuel consumption, which has been included in the WAM scenario.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Increased road charging, which will result in a change in demand for road freight transport.
Country: Slovakia
Document: LTS

Reassess the system of excise duty on energy products in transport so that products are taxed on the basis of their adverse impact on the environment, while allowing the possibilities of Directive 2003/96 EC to be fully applied. Change passenger car registration fees to reflect CO2 emissions or Euro emission standards, or a combination of these, or other factors that reflect environmental criteria in the calculation of fees. Toll charges will also include an environmental element in passenger transport and will analyse other ways of using economic instruments in accordance with the Polluter Pays principle.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Toll charges will also include an environmental element in passenger transport and will analyse other ways of using economic instruments in accordance with the Polluter Pays principle.
Country: Slovakia
Document: LTS

Toll charges will also include an environmental element in passenger transport and will analyse other ways of using economic instruments in accordance with the Polluter Pays principle. Support individual automobile transport regulations, in particular in the form of a parking policy (charges for parking, ban on parking on pavements) through the standardization of parking policy throughout the Slovak Republic, while respecting technical standards governing the construction of parking places STN 73 6110 /Z1/O1. Introduce low-emission zones in municipalities, including charging for entry into these zones and traffic calming in settlements (the introduction of functional 30 zones and cycling streets, including transport-technical facilities).

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Toll charges will also include an environmental element in passenger transport and will analyse other ways of using economic instruments in accordance with the Polluter Pays principle.
Country: Bangladesh
Document: Updated NDC

Potential Actions Unconditional Contribution The targeted GHG emission reduction for unconditional contributions will be implemented through a set of mitigation actions. The potential mitigations actions are elaborated in Table 4.Table 4: Possible Mitigation Actions to deliver the Unconditional Contribution Sector Description Actions by 2030 Energy Power Implementation of renewable energy projects Enhanced efficiency of existing power plants Use of improved technology for power generation Transport Improvement of fuel efficiency for transport sub- sector Increase use of less emission- based transport system and improve Inland Water Transport System Power Implementation of renewable energy projects of 911.8 MW Grid-connected Solar-581 MW, Wind-149 MW, MW, Solar Mini-grid-56.8 MW Installation of new Combined Cycle Gas based power plant (3208 MW) Efficiency improvement of Existing Gas Turbine power plant (570 MW) Installation of prepaid meter Transport Improvement of road traffic congestion (5% improvement in fuel efficiency) Widening of roads (2 to 4 lanes) and improving road quality Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging Reduction of private cars and encourage electric and hybrid vehicles Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport systems in line with the Urban Plan/ City Plan for all major cities and urban area Introducing Intelligent Transport System (ITS) based public transport management system to ensure better performance, enhance reliability, safety and service Modal shift from road to rail (10% modal shift of passenger-km) through different Transport projects such as BRT, MRT in major cities, Multi-modal hub creation, Padma Bridge etc.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) or congestion charging