alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

The system flexibility in this case has to be ensured in order to balance the electricity produced by PV and wind power plants, mainly by the construction of (pump storage) hydro-power plants, biomass and biogas power plants, and implementation of demand response and electrification of the transport sector. • In general, a decreasing trend of net import can be observed, i.e. from 2.2 TWh in 2017 to 0.8 TWh in 2050. After 2030, the net import of electricity is slightly higher compared to the WEM scenario, to satisfy the remaining part of the electricity consumption that could not be covered by the installed power generation capacities in the WAM scenario.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Electrification of the transport
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

EUR) Regarding the individual measures, it can be noticed that the largest investments are in the transport measures, i.e. the measure for electrification of the transport, followed by the measures for renewing of national car fleet and other national road fleet (Figure 48). Significant investments are also needed in the measures for renovation and construction of new buildings in the households and the commercial sector. Large hydropower plants and the RES without incentives are the measures with the highest investment costs from the electricity generation measures.Long-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Figure 48. Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Electrification of the transport
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

Investment costs per measure for the period 2020-2050 in WAM scenario (Mil. EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Electrification of the transport
Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

EUR) Reduction of network losses Incentives feed-in tariff Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% Electrification of the transport Biomass power plants (CHP optional) Increased use of central heating systems Incentives feed-in premium Renewing of other national road fleet Green procurements Energy efficiency obligation schemes Solar rooftop power plants RES without incentives Labelling of electric appliances and equipment Introduction of CO2 tax Solar thermal collectors Increased use of heat pumps Introduction of more advanced technologies Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Advanced mobility Construction of new buildings Photovoltaic irrigation Construction of passive buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% Establishing integrated management of forest fires Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units Energy management in manufacturing industries Introduction of efficient electric motors Afforestation Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Conversion of land use of field crops above 15% inclination Large hydropower plants Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land Increased use of the railway Landfill gas flaring Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Selection of waste - paper Renewing of the national car fleet Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%)9. CROSS CUTTING ASPECTSLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan 9.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Electrification of the transport
Country: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Document: Updated NDC

The mitigation measures considered in the indicative cost to achieve the target for 2030 for this NDC are listed in Table 4. Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet
Country: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Document: Updated NDC

Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands. Though the country is small and home and office charging options should be sufficient for ordinary travel purposes, a sufficiently dense network of charging ports is needed to overcome psychological barriers like range anxiety, and to increase the visibility of EVs.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet
Country: Sierra Leone
Document: Updated NDC

Energy ● National Renewable Energy policy developed in 2016 and updated 2020 r ● Energy Efficiency policy developed in 2016 ● National clean cooking strategy and action plan developed in 2020 Enhancement of waste management systems at all levels to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions under the category to improve health of both humans and animals and reduce global warming. Waste ● Municipal solid waste collection enhanced through various youth-led schemes ● Funding secured for the establishment of a landfill site in the capital Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and build a stable economy.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and build a stable economy.
Country: Sierra Leone
Document: Updated NDC

Waste ● Municipal solid waste collection enhanced through various youth-led schemes ● Funding secured for the establishment of a landfill site in the capital Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and build a stable economy. Transport ● An Integrated and Resilient Urban Mobility Project is being implemented to mainstream climate change into various infrastructural development initiativesUpdated Nationally Determined Contribution Adoption and application of climate-smart and conservation agriculture through best agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility and improve crop yield AFOLU ● 8,500ha of forest trees planted by Miro Forestry ● The President recently launched the 5 million tree initiative to be completed in the next 4years (1.1 million trees already planted) ● Developed and implemented the Voluntary Guideline on the responsible governance of tenure of land fisheries and forest in the context of national food security Based on the analysis above, the following gaps have been identified: ● Most of the strategies lacked concrete actions and targets, linked partly to a lack of institutional capacity.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and build a stable economy.
Country: Sierra Leone
Document: Updated NDC

Increase Energy efficiency and access through the dissemination of clean energy technologies Promote the mainstreaming of climate actions into processes within industries 2,7,8 Improve and maintain Sierra Leone’s forests as a major carbon sink. Enhance integrated waste management system in the country Maintain the integrity of the marine and coastal environment Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and build a stable economy. Adoption and application of climate-smart and conservation agriculture through best agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility and improve crop yield Management of rangelands and pastures by managing grazing systems and grazing intensity, fire management and pasture rehabilitation. Integrated management of crops and Livestock management. Strategy Strengthen integration of climate change adaptation into the health Sector.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and build a stable economy.
Country: South Africa
Document: 1st NDC

Resources for the Fund will have to be increased in future to enable and support the scaling up of viable and successful initiatives, including contributions from domestic, private sector and international sources. Analysis of the incremental costs of mitigation actions indicates that significant finance and investment will be required in the long-term. The following estimates are of total incremental costs required: 1. Estimated incremental cost to expand REI4P in next ten years: US$3 billion per year. 2. Decarbonised electricity by 2050 - estimated total of US$349 billion from 2010. 3. CCS: 23 Mt CO2 from the coal-to-liquid plant - US$0.45 billion. 4. Electric vehicles - US$513 billion from 2010 till 2050. 5.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Electric vehicles - US$513 billion from 2010 till 2050
Country: South Africa
Document: 1st NDC

Electric vehicles - US$513 billion from 2010 till 2050. 5. Hybrid electric vehicles: 20% by 2030 - US$488 billion These costs are derived from energy systems and economic modelling. Further work is needed to prepare detailed business plans for finance and investment in mitigation. These numbers are presented for information to clarify the order of magnitude of mitigation finance and investment requirements.Some technologies that could help South Africa to further reduce emissions that have been identified include: Energy efficient lighting; variable speed drives and efficient motors; energy efficient appliances; solar water heaters; electric and hybrid electric vehicles; solar PV; wind power; carbon capture and sequestration; and advanced bio-energy.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Electric vehicles - US$513 billion from 2010 till 2050
Country: South Africa
Document: 1st NDC

Electric vehicles - US$513 billion from 2010 till 2050. 5. Hybrid electric vehicles: 20% by 2030 - US$488 billion These costs are derived from energy systems and economic modelling. Further work is needed to prepare detailed business plans for finance and investment in mitigation. These numbers are presented for information to clarify the order of magnitude of mitigation finance and investment requirements.Some technologies that could help South Africa to further reduce emissions that have been identified include: Energy efficient lighting; variable speed drives and efficient motors; energy efficient appliances; solar water heaters; electric and hybrid electric vehicles; solar PV; wind power; carbon capture and sequestration; and advanced bio-energy.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Hybrid electric vehicles: 20% by 2030 - US$488 billion
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

The financial requirements for existing mitigation actions are based on inputs provided by the Government of South Sudan. The costs for additional strategies have been estimated using global marginal abatement cost curves (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).154 Second Nationally Determined Contribution Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies9 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Electricity Scale up the use of renewable energy Installation of the following hydropower plants: • Fulla (1800 MW) • Shukoli (3.5 MW) • Beden (400 MW) • Lakki (210 MW) • Sue (12 MW) • Kentti (3.5 MW) 4,000 Launch rural solar photovoltaic electrification project – Promote environmentally sustainable use of biogas (for electricity generation and cooking) – Construct wind power plant Installation of wind turbine in Eastern Equatoria, Upper Nile and Jonglei 100 Introduce the use of energy-saving cooking stoves – Transport Establish emissions standards for vehicles – Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars) – Waste Establish an integrated waste management system, including all waste sources (forest, agricultural, domestic and crude oil waste) Improve urban and industrial wastewater treatment, ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water in human settlements.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Establish emissions standards for vehicles
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

The costs for additional strategies have been estimated using global marginal abatement cost curves (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).154 Second Nationally Determined Contribution Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies9 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Electricity Scale up the use of renewable energy Installation of the following hydropower plants: • Fulla (1800 MW) • Shukoli (3.5 MW) • Beden (400 MW) • Lakki (210 MW) • Sue (12 MW) • Kentti (3.5 MW) 4,000 Launch rural solar photovoltaic electrification project – Promote environmentally sustainable use of biogas (for electricity generation and cooking) – Construct wind power plant Installation of wind turbine in Eastern Equatoria, Upper Nile and Jonglei 100 Introduce the use of energy-saving cooking stoves – Transport Establish emissions standards for vehicles – Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars) – Waste Establish an integrated waste management system, including all waste sources (forest, agricultural, domestic and crude oil waste) Improve urban and industrial wastewater treatment, ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water in human settlements. Use urban waste as a high-value resource stream (e.g., in making briquettes) Reduce, reuse and recycle solid waste Forestry Afforestation – 10 Conserve forests through implementation of REDD+ programme and promote alternate livelihoods – Reforestation (in degraded areas and outside forest areas) – 9 Data provided by the Government of South SudanNDC financing requirements 155 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Forestry Awareness raising and capacity- building on forest conservation and REDD+ – Review Forest Policy – Conduct forestry research (identification and development of fast-growing tree species, information dissemination) – Promote agroforestry – 8 Biodiversity, ecosystem and wetland management Conservation and sustainable use of wetlands for improved carbon sequestration Wetland survey and mapping 10 Create buffer zones along wetland areas Financing for additional mitigation strategies (estimated using marginal abatement cost curves) Agriculture, livestock and fisheries Efficient soil and livestock management 18% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 2017 levels Waste Landfill gas recovery, composting of organic waste and engineered wastewater management 30% reduction in GHG emissions compared to baseline in 2030 Tourism and recreation Composting of organic waste, promotion of sustainable food and EVs in the sector 66% reduction in GHG emissions compared to baseline in 2030 Marginal abatement cost curves showcase the marginal costs of achieving a cumulative level of emission abatement in order, from least to most expensive mitigation technology or measures (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Establish emissions standards for vehicles
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

The financial requirements for existing mitigation actions are based on inputs provided by the Government of South Sudan. The costs for additional strategies have been estimated using global marginal abatement cost curves (Gillingham and Stock, 2018).154 Second Nationally Determined Contribution Table 41: Financing requirement for NDC mitigation strategies9 Sector Actions Specific 2030 target Financing required (million $) Electricity Scale up the use of renewable energy Installation of the following hydropower plants: • Fulla (1800 MW) • Shukoli (3.5 MW) • Beden (400 MW) • Lakki (210 MW) • Sue (12 MW) • Kentti (3.5 MW) 4,000 Launch rural solar photovoltaic electrification project – Promote environmentally sustainable use of biogas (for electricity generation and cooking) – Construct wind power plant Installation of wind turbine in Eastern Equatoria, Upper Nile and Jonglei 100 Introduce the use of energy-saving cooking stoves – Transport Establish emissions standards for vehicles – Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars) – Waste Establish an integrated waste management system, including all waste sources (forest, agricultural, domestic and crude oil waste) Improve urban and industrial wastewater treatment, ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water in human settlements.

Question: What is the investment required for Transport Sector or Priority Projects?
Answer: Improve transport infrastructure and integrated national transportation system (introduce electrical railway and cars)