alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Cambodia
Document: LTS

The LTS4CN is an important starting point in providing guidance on how it can reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050
Country: Cambodia
Document: LTS

Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050
Country: Cambodia
Document: LTS

Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in 2030 • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in liquified natural gas (LNG) import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 3: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 6 1. Introduction and Background 1.1. Global and local context of climate change Science has made it clear that the Earth’s climate is changing, in every region and across the global climate system.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050
Country: Cambodia
Document: LTS

GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from power genmix Savings from transport Savings from industry Savings from buildings/cooking LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissions GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from low GWP refrigerants Savings from cement LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 13 Figure 12: GHG emissions projections for the waste sector in the LTS4CN scenario GHG emissions in MtCO2 e Savings from waste water Savings from open burning Savings from biological treatment Savings from landfill management LTS4CN net emissions BAU emissionsCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 14 Agriculture • Less methane-intensive rice cultivars • Direct seeding practices • Alternate wetting and drying practices • Promotion of organic fertilizer and deep fertilizer technology • Feed additives for cattle • Improved fodder management • Introduction of composting technology Forestry and other land uses • Reducing the deforestation rate by 50 percent in • Stopping deforestation by 2045 • Afforestation, improved forest management and forest restoration • Agroforestry and commercial tree plantation • Full implementation of the REDD+ Investment Plan by 2050 Energy • No new coal generation capacity beyond already committed projects • Use of natural gas as a dispatchable transition fuel • Investments in LNG import, storage and infrastructure • Increase in solar, hydro, biomass and other renewables to 35 percent of the generation mix by 2050, of which 12 percent is from solar • Investments in grid modernization, flexibility and storage • Energy efficiency measures in buildings and industry • Fuel switching to electricity for cooking • Substitution of coal in the industrial and power sector Transportation • More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050 • Moderate penetration of electric vehicles – 70 percent for motorcycles and 40 percent for cars and urban buses by 2050 • Increased fuel efficiency for internal combustion engine vehicles • Rail for freight and passengers • CNG penetration of 80 percent for interregional buses and 80 percent for trucks until 2050 Industrial processes and product use • Clinker substitution in cement production • Carbon capture and storage for cement kilns • Use of recycled aggregate concrete • Increasing use of refrigerants with low global warming potential • Regular inspection of refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment and recovery of spent refrigerants Waste • Reducing open burning by expanding waste collection coverage to 85 percent in 2050 • Implementing a reduce, reuse, and recycle strategy • Landfill gas management • Organic composting • Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment Figure 13: Summary of key mitigation actions by sectorCambodia’s Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality 15 2.2. Economic costs and benefits The sector analysis entailed consultations to identify 31 key actions contributing to carbon neutrality.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: More use of public transportation – 30 percent modal share in urban areas by 2050
Country: China
Document: LTS

⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel. ⚫ Actively develop large-capacity and high-efficiency inter- regional rapid passenger transport services with high-speed rail and aviation as the mainstay, improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban agglomerations, and encourage the mass transit form operation of intercity road transportation in areas with high passenger demand. 6. Achieve a substantial reduction in non-carbon dioxide GHG emissionCoordinate the management and control of non-carbon dioxide GHGs emission for energy, industrial production processes, agriculture, waste treatment and other fields.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: encourage the mass transit form operation of intercity road transportation in areas with high passenger demand.
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo
Document: Updated NDC

Le troisième programme consiste à boiser les zones marginales autour des villes dans le but d’assurer la production et l’utilisation durable de bois de chauffe à travers les foyers améliorés. D. Transport : deux leviers d’atténuation contribuant à hauteur de 27 à 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d’atténuation se focaliseront sur l’amélioration du transport public urbain et interurbain tout en développant des plans directeurs de transport et la promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises. E. Gestion des déchets : deux leviers d’atténuation contribuant à hauteur de 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d’atténuation.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: deux leviers d’atténuation contribuant à hauteur de 27 à 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d’atténuation se focaliseront sur l’amélioration du transport public urbain et interurbain tout en développant des plans directeurs de transport et la promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises.
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo
Document: Updated NDC

Le tableau 4 présente la synthèse des interventions que la RDC compte mettre en œuvre pour pouvoir atteindre la cible de réduction visé à l’horizon 2030.Tableau 4 : Synthèse des options d’atténuation des émissions des GES et coûts estimatifs associés. Secteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Energie Réduire la demande en bois énergie et faciliter l’accès à l’électricité Électrification rurale, péri- urbain et urbaine par des sources d’énergies renouvelables (i) Pour l’hydroélectricité de 3GW en 2020 à (ii) Pour éolien, solaire et géothermique de 2,9 MW en 2020 à 42,7 MW en 2030 (iii) 8 à 10 unités installées Promotion des foyers améliorés & amélioration de la carbonisation -30% de rendement (ii) 3 millions de ménages disposent des unités de Promotion des énergies renouvelables (i) Loi de 2014 sur les énergies renouvelables modifiée (ii) Nombre des résidences et les institutions, les industries manufacturières équipés des systèmes solaires photovoltaïques 28 Coût estimatif de la tonne CO2 équivalant autour de 100 à 130 USD 29 Foyers améliorésSecteur Objectif Actions Indicateurs Potentiel de réduction Co-bénéfices d adaptation Coût estimatif (Mds Période de mise en œuvre Alignement avec les ODD Transision vers la cuission écoénergétique Nombre des ménages utilisant des technologies des biogaz, de GPL ; et briquettes à base des résidus agricoles ou des déchets ménagers biodégradables Plantations industrielles - Bois-énergie 130.000 ha de plantations à but énergétique Développer et améliorer le transport urbain et interurbain Promotion de transport de masse (i) Au 10 centres urbains (cités et villes) dotés de : plan directeur de circulation ; (ii) Nouveau système de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.)

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Nouveau système de transport public (Bus, Rail, etc.)
Country: Guatemala
Document: LTS

Incorporar parámetros de eficiencia energética en el Código Nacional de Construcción U-4. Eficiencia energética en nuevas construcciones Opciones de mitigación para la reducción de emisiones de GEI de los Sectores: Energía, Transporte, Industria, Agricultura y Ganadería, Bosques y otros usos de la tierra y Desechos sólidos y líquidos 62 Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo con Bajas Emisiones de Gases de Efecto InvernaderoSECTOR TRANSPORTE Ministerio líder Opciones priorizadas Nombre simplificado Ministerio de Comunicaciones, Infraestructura y Vivienda (MICIVI) T-1. Expandir la infraestructura de transporte público del AMCG mediante la construcción del tren de cercanía MetroRiel T-2. Mejorar el equipamiento de transporte público extraurbano. T-2. Transporte público extraurbano. T-3. Incrementar el nivel de servicio del transporte público urba- no BRT del municipio de Guatemala T-3. Transporte público urbano T-4.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Mejorar el equipamiento de transporte público extraurbano
Country: Japan
Document: 1st NDC

Residential sector 122 201 (180)  Promotion of compliance of energy saving standards for newly constructed housing  Promotion thermal insulation in renovation of existing houses  Introduction of high-efficient water heater (CO2 refrigerant HP water heater, latent heat collection water heater, fuel cell, solar water heater)  Introduction of high-efficient light  Improvement of energy efficiency and conservation performance of equipment by the top runner program, etc. Thorough implementation of energy management in houses with HEMS and other smart meters  Promotion of nationwide campaigns (thorough promotion of Cool Biz/Warm Biz, and encouragement of purchase of upgraded, Home advisor)  Increasing Johkasou energy efficiency and conservation  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following the Roadmap of Global Warming Counter-measures, etc. Transport sector 163 225 (240)  Improvement of fuel efficiency  Promotion of next-generation automobiles  Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing)  Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Promotion of public transport
Country: Japan
Document: 1st NDC

Transport sector 163 225 (240)  Improvement of fuel efficiency  Promotion of next-generation automobiles  Other measures in transport sector (traffic flow improvement, promotion of public transport, modal shift to railway, comprehensive measure for eco-friendly ship transportation, reduction of land transportation distance by selecting nearest port, comprehensive low-carbonization at ports, optimization of truck transport, energy consumption efficiency improvement of railways, energy consumption efficiency improvement of aviation, accelerated promotion of energy saving ships, making vehicle transport business more eco-friendly by eco-driving, promotion of collectiveshipment, promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS (centralized control of traffic signals), development of traffic safety facilities (improvement of traffic signals, and promotion of the use of LED traffic lights), promotion of automatic driving, eco-driving and car sharing)  Utilization of the special zones system for structural reform for global warming measures  Promotion of inter-ministry collaborative measures following roadmap of global warming measures, etc. Energy conversion sector 73 101 (104)  Expanding renewable energy introduction to the maximum extent possible  Utilizing nuclear power generations whose safety is confirmed  Pursuit of high efficiency in thermal power generation (USC, A-USC, IGCC, etc.)

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Promotion of public transport
Country: Mongolia
Document: 1st NDC

171, 2012: Building materials programme Agriculture Maintain livestock population at appropriate levels according to the pasture carrying capacity. Mongolian national livestock programme,3b. Additional actions Mongolia is also interested to pursue some additional mitigation actions: Reduce fuel use in individual households through improving stove efficiency (with co-benefit of air pollution reduction), Transport (development of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system and improvement of the public transport system in Ulaanbaatar), Agriculture (development of a comprehensive plan for emission reductions in the livestock sub-sector for implementation between 2020 and 2030), Waste sector (development of a waste management plan, including recycling, waste-to-energy, and best management practices), Industry (motor-efficiency and housekeeping improvements). Furthermore, in the forestry sector, a programme is underway to develop a detailed inventory along with the identification of mitigation options.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Improvement of the public transport system in Ulaanbaatar
Country: Myanmar
Document: Updated NDC

Of the 55 national Road Transport Offices only 20 have multi-testing systems, of which one is a mobile system, while 8 only have exhaust emissions testing systems. Source: Road Transportation Department, MOTC Source: Road Transportation Department, MOTCBased on how markets for EVs progress, Myanmar will develop both infrastructure and policies to further support the sector under bilateral partnerships or public-private partnerships. MRT projects, either private sector or public-private sector partnerships, and light commercial vehicles including vehicles for personal use, will be highly encouraged. In coordination with the Vehicle Import Steering Committee and under the guidance of the MOI, vehicle standards will also be developed to ensure the country has a recycling system in place76.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: MRT projects, either private sector or public-private sector partnerships, and light commercial vehicles including vehicles for personal use, will be highly encouraged
Country: Nicaragua
Document: Updated NDC

Hasta el año 2010 se han construido 1,512 biodigestores, de los cuales entre 300 y 400 aproximadamente, se encuentran en funcionamiento. Transporte: Se está implementando el proyecto “Promoción de Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible en la Managua Metropolitana”, dentro de las prioridades para reformar el sistema de transporte público en el área Metropolitana de Managua, tal como se refleja en el Plan Integral de Transporte. Obteniendo una reducción directa de 892,000 toneladas de emisiones de CO2 a lo largo de los próximos 20 años.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Transporte: Se está implementando el proyecto “Promoción de Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible en la Managua Metropolitana”, dentro de las prioridades para reformar el sistema de transporte público en el área Metropolitana de Managua, tal como se refleja en el Plan Integral de Transporte. Obteniendo una reducción directa de 892,000 toneladas de emisiones de CO2 a lo largo de los próximos 20 años.
Country: Norway
Document: LTS

The transition can be helped by reducing transport needs and improving efficiency. Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach. It is also essential to put in place the enabling conditions for a low-emission development pathway. There must be a shift towards sustainable solutions for investment, technology, material and energy use and consumption. This will require sound planning and policy instruments to ensure that long-term investment decisions taken in the near future do not lock in high emissions, making it more difficult to achieve a low-emission pathway. At the same time, it is important that this approach has broad public support.

Question: How public transports will be made more attractive?
Answer: Sound land-use planning, more effective goods transport, greater use of public transport, cycling and walking and new innovative mobility solutions will all be needed as part of the approach.