alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

To address these issues, Angola has developed several national plans and strategies, including the National Strategy for Afforestation and Reforestation (2010), Strategic Plan for Disaster Risk Management (2011) and Program of Action National Plan to Combat Desertification (2014). In 2017, the Angolan Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment prepared its National StrategyNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change 2020-2035, being revised at the moment, which identifies and defines a set of strategic mitigation and adaptation options for different economic sectors.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

In 2017, the Angolan Ministerial Department responsible for the Environment prepared its National StrategyNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change 2020-2035, being revised at the moment, which identifies and defines a set of strategic mitigation and adaptation options for different economic sectors. The Republic of Angola is committed to the full, effective, and transparent implementation of the Paris Agreement in accordance with its provisions and the relevant Decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP) and the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. 2.2.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The Republic of Angola is committed to the full, effective, and transparent implementation of the Paris Agreement in accordance with its provisions and the relevant Decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP) and the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. 2.2. Geographical Characteristics Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country located on the south west coast of Africa, whose main territory is limited to the north and northeast by the Democratic Republic of Congo, to the east by Zambia, to the south by Namibia and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Geographical Characteristics Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country located on the south west coast of Africa, whose main territory is limited to the north and northeast by the Democratic Republic of Congo, to the east by Zambia, to the south by Namibia and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean. It also includes the exclave of Cabinda, through which it borders the Republic of Congo to the north. Angola has a surface area of 1.246.700 square kilometers and a coastline of 1.650 square kilometers. Angola is divided into 18 provinces (Bengo, Benguela, Bié, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza- Norte, Cuanza-Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda-Norte, Lunda-Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uíge, and Zaire). The most populated province is Luanda which contains its capital city.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The most populated province is Luanda which contains its capital city. Its largest province by area is Cuando Cubango located in the south-east at 204,000 km² followed closely by its northern neighbor Moxico at 201,000 km². Cabinda is an exclave that is separated from the rest of Angola by a narrow strip of territory that belongs to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (Figure 1). Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association)Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2.3.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Figure 1 – Angola’s geographic location (Adapted from: Natural Earth Data and Angolan Banking Association)Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 2.3. Climate Profile Due to its geographical position, the Angolan territory presents an important climatic diversity, resulting from the combination of several factors such as its size, both in the north-south axis and in the coast-inland axis, the diversity of its topography and the effects of the Oceanic Current of Benguela (cold water). In this way, Angola has three major climatic zones. To the north the climate is characterized as hot and humid tropical and as we walk south, the climate becomes drier until it reaches a desert climate in the south-west, on the border with Namibia. The central plateau region has a temperate tropical climate.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The central plateau region has a temperate tropical climate. There are two different seasons, a hot and humid season, in which rainfall is greater and another cooler and drier. In general, rainfall is higher in the north and inland, increasing with altitude. The Benguela current makes the coastal regions of Angola arid or semi-arid. 2.3.1. Future Climate Projections & Trends in climate variables The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has defined four different scenarios, called Representative Concentration Pathways (CPR), which differ in their ability to dissipate heat, ranging from the optimistic (2.6) to the pessimistic (8.5) scenario, through the intermediate scenarios 4.5 and 6.0. The difference between these two intermediate scenarios is when radiation stabilization occurs, respectively, before 2060 or in 2100[8].

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The difference between these two intermediate scenarios is when radiation stabilization occurs, respectively, before 2060 or in 2100[8]. Considering RCP4.5 scenario, future projections for Angola indicate an increase in the average annual temperature of 1.2 to 3.2ºC in 2060, with warmer and less cold days and nights, a generalized warming of surface waters on the northern and southern frontiers of the large marine ecosystem of the Benguela current, a variation in annual precipitation between -27% and + 20% in 2090, a greater probability of extreme events, such as heat waves, droughts and intense rains. The waterproofing of urban soil will increase the risk of flooding caused by high-intensity point rains [20].

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The waterproofing of urban soil will increase the risk of flooding caused by high-intensity point rains [20]. The wind direction is not expected to change, as well as the direction of the sea currents. The pH of rainwater is expected to become more acidic, particularly in urban environments, more as a result of the increase in urban population and pollution of anthropogenic origin and not so much due to climate change. Also, the ocean acidification, the decrease in the pH of the Earth s oceans, is ongoing caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from the atmosphere.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Also, the ocean acidification, the decrease in the pH of the Earth s oceans, is ongoing caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from the atmosphere. An increase in the frequency and intensity of flooding in the coastal zone of Angola is expected in all seasons, except in winter months June, July and August, interspersed with longer periods of drought. The average of sea level is expected to rise, which will have direct consequences for the coastal zone of Angola, not only because that is where the country s population and infrastructure is concentrated, but also because it affects coastal biotopes, such as mangroves, increasing its salinity and making the survival of plant species impossible or altering the local flora.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The average of sea level is expected to rise, which will have direct consequences for the coastal zone of Angola, not only because that is where the country s population and infrastructure is concentrated, but also because it affects coastal biotopes, such as mangroves, increasing its salinity and making the survival of plant species impossible or altering the local flora. Table 1 presents a summary of projections by climate variable.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable [28] Projection Condition Trend Air temperature The average global temperature of the earth s surface is likely to exceed, by the end of the 21st century, 1.5 ° C with respect to trademarks registered in the 1850-1900 period.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Table 1 presents a summary of projections by climate variable.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 1 - Summary of projections by climate variable [28] Projection Condition Trend Air temperature The average global temperature of the earth s surface is likely to exceed, by the end of the 21st century, 1.5 ° C with respect to trademarks registered in the 1850-1900 period. Increase Sea water temperature Positive changes in the temperature of the water in the cold Benguela current may affect outcrop pulses in the planktonic system as a whole. There is shading of effects and causes with the condition of the ichthyofauna and the activities of commercial overfishing in the area, as well as secular variations typical of marine dynamics.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

There is shading of effects and causes with the condition of the ichthyofauna and the activities of commercial overfishing in the area, as well as secular variations typical of marine dynamics. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Sea current temperature A tropicalization of the equatorial heating zone of the cold Benguela current is expected by 2050. However, the heating of the Benguela current as well as new phenomena such as El Niño de Benguela respond to secular dynamics that cannot yet be statistically separated from each other. possible consequences of global warming. Stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with sub-dimensioning of data to establish effects arising Precipitation A decrease in average annual rainfall in the south and north of the country and an increase in the central coast is expected.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with sub-dimensioning of data to establish effects arising Precipitation A decrease in average annual rainfall in the south and north of the country and an increase in the central coast is expected. In monthly terms, a decrease is expected in the driest months, extending the dry season to the months of April and October. The maximum daily precipitation is expected to increase throughout the territory, this increase being more accentuated in the coastal zone. In the South, precipitation episodes will decrease by the end of the century but will be more intense in the future. Increase Sea Level Rise (SLR) Average sea level increase until the year 2100 between interval, between 17% and 84%.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Increase Sea Level Rise (SLR) Average sea level increase until the year 2100 between interval, between 17% and 84%. Already incorporating an increase in the global average temperature between 1.5 ° C and 2.0 ° C, the increase in sea level would be between 0.35m and 0.93m for the same confidence interval. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Wind direction No drastic changes expected. Local phenomena produced by urban corridors may have a specific impact, more linked to the effects of urbanization than global warming. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Direction of sea currents No drastic changes planned in terms of direction. Variability can be recorded in terms of vertical adjustments resulting from changes in temperature.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Variability can be recorded in terms of vertical adjustments resulting from changes in temperature. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effectsNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Projection Condition Trend Rainwater pH due to anthropic action Expressively linked to the emission into the atmosphere of compounds derived from fossil fuels or possible mining of sulfur compounds in the open. Increase Rainwater pH by natural effects No drastic changes predicted by natural conditions. Anthropogenic action would be primarily responsible. Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Occurrence and intensity of extreme events Drought: They will tend to increase in frequency and intensity in the coastal area, but with significant consolidation in the central and western regions of the country.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Slight increase or stability in the behaviour of the phenomenon, but with uncertain effects Occurrence and intensity of extreme events Drought: They will tend to increase in frequency and intensity in the coastal area, but with significant consolidation in the central and western regions of the country. Floods: Expected to increase the frequency of floods as well as their intensity, however interspersed with more consolidated periods of drought. Heat waves: Expected to increase the frequency Storm surges: Expected to increase the frequency Wildfires: As global temperatures rise, wildfires are getting more frequent and intense. Increase Ocean acidification The ocean has been playing an important role in helping slow down global climate change by removing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. However, decades of ocean observations show that the CO2 absorbed by the ocean is changing the chemistry of seawater.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

However, decades of ocean observations show that the CO2 absorbed by the ocean is changing the chemistry of seawater. When seawater absorbs carbon dioxide its acidity is increased. Increase 2.3.1. Climate Change Impacts Angola s vulnerability to climate change has been felt over time, with frequent episodes of extreme weather phenomena such as drought or floods, as well as coastal degradation and marked temperature variability in some areas of the country [19], with a special focus on the coast where most of the country s population is concentrated. Policy makers and other relevant stakeholders are increasingly aware of the tendency for them to get worse.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The growing signs of sensitive changes in biophysical systems, whether at regional and/or global scale, highlight the need to identify, analyze and assess the potential impacts of climate change in various socio-economic sectors, in order to plan a concerted response and mobilize adequate resources for its realization. The main climate change impacts are presented below (Table 2).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 2 – Climate change impacts[28] Climate change impacts Sea level rise Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Change in sea currents circulation Rising water temperature and increased salinization Increased soil instability and landslide Increased susceptibility to desertification and soil erosion Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Electricity supply instability Health risks and disease transmission Change / Loss of biodiversity Acidification of the sea and fresh water Intrusion of seawater in coastal areas Erosion of riverbeds and consequent sediment accumulation in estuaries 2.4.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The main climate change impacts are presented below (Table 2).Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Table 2 – Climate change impacts[28] Climate change impacts Sea level rise Increased frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena that cause coastal overtopping and erosion Change in sea currents circulation Rising water temperature and increased salinization Increased soil instability and landslide Increased susceptibility to desertification and soil erosion Increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Increased frequency and intensity of periods of drought and water scarcity Increased frequency and intensity of heat waves / heat island effect Increased frequency and intensity of rural fires Degradation of assimilation and purification of water courses Electricity supply instability Health risks and disease transmission Change / Loss of biodiversity Acidification of the sea and fresh water Intrusion of seawater in coastal areas Erosion of riverbeds and consequent sediment accumulation in estuaries 2.4. Sociocultural Characteristics Population According to the results of the Angolan General Population and Housing Census (RGPH 2014), the country’s total population was of 25.789.024 inhabitants (31.127.674 est.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Sociocultural Characteristics Population According to the results of the Angolan General Population and Housing Census (RGPH 2014), the country’s total population was of 25.789.024 inhabitants (31.127.674 est. in 2020), unevenly distributed in the territory with 63% residing in urban areas and 37% in rural areas[10], and a strong concentration in the province of Luanda of around 6.9 million people. The country has one of the lowest demographic densities in the world with only 20.6 inhabitants per km2 and vast regions with no inhabitants or with less than 5 inhabitants per km2, however continues to have one of the highest fertility rates of Africa (registering 5.9 children per woman on average in 2010-2015)[19].

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The country has one of the lowest demographic densities in the world with only 20.6 inhabitants per km2 and vast regions with no inhabitants or with less than 5 inhabitants per km2, however continues to have one of the highest fertility rates of Africa (registering 5.9 children per woman on average in 2010-2015)[19]. Despite the demographic density is globally low, it is extremely unequal: the urban areas, which are constantly expanding, are contrasted with large sparsely populated areas, particularly in the provinces located along to the coast of the country.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] The population projections for the period 2014-2050, from the National Institute of Statistics, (based on birth, mortality and migration, using an average natural population growth rate of 3%) predicts that the total population will be more than double from just over 31.1 million in 2020 to 67.9 million in 2050, as presented in the table below (Table 3).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Despite the demographic density is globally low, it is extremely unequal: the urban areas, which are constantly expanding, are contrasted with large sparsely populated areas, particularly in the provinces located along to the coast of the country.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Figure 2 - Population distribution map [48] The population projections for the period 2014-2050, from the National Institute of Statistics, (based on birth, mortality and migration, using an average natural population growth rate of 3%) predicts that the total population will be more than double from just over 31.1 million in 2020 to 67.9 million in 2050, as presented in the table below (Table 3). Thus, this evolution of the population was considered in the projections of emissions until 2025 and 2030.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Thus, this evolution of the population was considered in the projections of emissions until 2025 and 2030. Contributing to the population growth tendency is the declining of mortality in the country in recent years as a reflection of the increase of life expectancy at birth, decrease of juvenile mortality rates and lower VIH prevalence in pregnant women (despite existence of some provincial variation)[15]. Table 3 – Estimated population projections for the 2015-2030 period [15] Population projections 2020-2050 (hab.) According to the 2014 Census estimates, the life expectancy at birth of an Angolan is 60.3 years (57.6 years for men and 63 for women), although the country aims to belong to the Human Development Index high score countries (index higher than 0.70) by 2025.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

According to the 2014 Census estimates, the life expectancy at birth of an Angolan is 60.3 years (57.6 years for men and 63 for women), although the country aims to belong to the Human Development Index high score countries (index higher than 0.70) by 2025. Furthermore, the age structure of the population is very young (average age of 20.6 years), with 65% of the national total population under 24 and only 2% over 65 years old [19].Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 Education and Literacy Angola is a multicultural and multilingual country. Portuguese, the only official language, is known by 80% of the population as the primary or secondary language.

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Answer: 2
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Portuguese, the only official language, is known by 80% of the population as the primary or secondary language. The six Bantu languages most widely spoken: Umbundu (23%), Kikongo (8.2%), Kimbundu (7.8%), Chokwe (6.5%), Ngangela (3.1%), Kwanyama (2.3%) [48]. In 2020, the Multidimensional Poverty Report of Angola [27] was developed, which considers 4 dimensions: i) Health; ii) Education, iii) Quality of life; iv) Employment - and sixteen indicators that express the different deprivations faced by people living in poverty and are, quite important, to capture the reality of the Country. According to this report, the incidence rate of multidimensional poverty in the rural area (87.8%) is more than double the incidence rate in the urban area (35.0%).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 2