Country: Republic of North Macedonia
Document: LTS

Investment costs per measure in WAM scenario, including source of finance Sector/Category Policy/ measure Investment cost (Mil. EUR) Source of finance PV Biogas Wind Small hydro Biomass Lighting Retrofit New houses Increased use of heat pumps Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal collectors Construction of passive buildings Incentives Feed-in premium Retrofitting of existing residential buildings Increased use of heat pumps Incentives Feed-in tariff Improvement of the street lighting Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings Construction of new buildings Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings Retrofitting of existing central government buildings Phasing out of incandescent lights Biomass power plants RES without incentives Solar rooftopLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Energy Introduction of CO2 tax n/a n/a Energy/Infrastructure Reduction of network losses 232.0 Distribution and transmission companies Energy/RES generation Large hydropower plants 1627.3 Public private partnership, ESM, Independent power producers Incentives feed-in tariff 373.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Incentives feed-in premium 399.2 Independent power producers, incentives from the central government budget Biomass power plants (CHP optional) 32.3 Independent power producers, incentives through consumer bills Solar rooftop power plants 627.6 Independent power producers, donors, subsidies from central government and local budget, EE fund RES without incentives 1726.0 Public private partnership, Independent power producers, ESM Energy/Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency obligation schemes 145.7 Consumers through their bills Solar thermal collectors 200.7 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget, donors Labelling of electric appliances and equipment 70.2 Private, EE fund Increased use of heat pumps 330.1 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Public awareness campaigns and network of EE info centres (Including Cost of investment in advanced technologies) Private, donors, central and local self- governments Retrofitting of existing residential buildings 2606.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Retrofitting of existing central government buildings 261.3 Central government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing local self-government buildings 218.2 Local self-government budget, donors Retrofitting of existing commercial buildings 979.0 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of new buildings (at least class C) Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Construction of passive buildings 1196.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund, financial support for construction of new buildings at municipality level Phasing out of incandescent lights 889.9 Private, central government budget Improvement of the street lighting in the municipalities Central and local government budget, ESCO Green procurements 11.3 Central and local self-government budget Increased use of central heating systems 47.8 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget Energy management in manufacturing industries n/a Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of efficient electric motors 180.6 Private, donors through commercial EE loans Introduction of more advanced technologies 1040.7 Private, donors through commercial EE loans, EE fund Increased use of the railway 329.0 Central government budget Renewing of the national car fleet 4924.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget Renewing of other national road fleet 6437.0 Private, Public enterprises Advanced mobility (walking, cycling and electric scooters) n/a Private, EE fund, incentives from the central and local government budget, donors Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria 720.0 Central government budgetLong-term Strategy on Climate Action and Action Plan Electrification of the transport 8440.0 Private, EE fund, incentives from the central government budget AFOLU/Livestock Reduction of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cows by 3% 0.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure management in dairy cows by 20% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of NO2 emissions from manure management in swine farms by 13% 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Reduction of N2O emissions from manure in dairy cows by 20% for farms below 50 Livestock Units 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme AFOLU/Forestry Establishing integrated management of forest fires PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises PE ‘National forests’, other forest enterprises AFOLU/Other Land Use Conversion of land use of field crops above 2.3 Private sector, IPARD programme Contour cultivation on areas under field crops on inclined terrains (5-15%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Perennial grass in orchard and vineyards on inclined terrains (>5%) 1.5 Private sector, IPARD programme Use of biochar for carbon sink on agricultural land 45.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Photovoltaic irrigation 47.0 Private sector, IPARD programme Waste Landfill gas flaring 24.6 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills with composting Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Selection of waste - paper 3.0 Local self-government through Public Utilities, Public Private Partnership, EU funds Improved waste and materials management at industrial facilities n/a Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Municipalities and city of Skopje, Industrial facilities, EU funds Note: This table does not include the investments in conventional generation (190 Mil.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Construction of the railway to the Republic of Bulgaria