alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Morocco
Document: LTS

La localisation des activités et en particulier des locaux tertiaires, auxquels seront attachés un nombre croissant d’emplois, sera aussi très importante pour les flux de transport, en particulier les flux quotidiens pendulaires. Afin que les flux de transport soient maîtrisés, tous les réseaux de transport doivent être développés dans une logique intégrée « transports – usages des sols » et ce aux différentes échelles territoriales. C’est une condition pour, d’une part, contrôler la croissance de la demande, et d’autre part, laisser toute leur place aux modes « actifs » et « collectifs », dans le cadre d’approches multimodales. Un exemple d’approche intégrée est donné dans le schéma fonctionnel du modèle TRANUS. 4.8.3.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: C’est une condition pour, d’une part, contrôler la croissance de la demande, et d’autre part, laisser toute leur place aux modes « actifs » et « collectifs », dans le cadre d’approches multimodales. Un exemple d’approche intégrée est donné dans le schéma fonctionnel du modèle TRANUS.
Country: Slovakia
Document: LTS

In order to achieve climate neutrality, it will be desirable to effectively set up a long-term and predictable framework for financial support. CO2 eq. (Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables
Country: Slovakia
Document: LTS

(Gg) WAM scenario Increase the attractiveness and comfort of public transport at all levels: - Enable the arrival of private rail carriers on national routes; - Renew the rail carrier’s train fleet; - Support the development of public passenger rail transport (trams and trolleybuses), support the development of alternative-fuelled bus public passenger transport and support regular alternative-fuelled passenger ship transport; - Gradually reduce the procurement of public transport vehicles using fossil fuels with high greenhouse gas emissions, from public funds; - Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables; - Expand the Integrated transport system (IDS) to other regions; - Introduce and support flexible public passenger transport systems (bus on demand or with flexible routes), particularly in areas with low population density; - Develop Park&Ride facilities; - Carpooling; - Introduce financial and support measures to make public transport more financially attractive to the public than individual car transport. Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Harmonize national and local public passenger transport timetables
Country: Slovakia
Document: LTS

Fully electrify the railway network and make rail freight transport more attractive (including increasing its capacity) to carry goods. Support the development of intermodal transport, the completion of intermodal transport terminals, and diverting transit and traffic over a certain number of kilometres compulsorily to railway or waterway transport, use of alternative fuels as a priority. Lower the carbon footprint of urban public transport with available technology (electrification, bioCNG, liquid biofuels, hydrogen). Support cycling in the form of subsidies for the emergence of new cycling infrastructure and plan cycle paths in advance and support in the urban road infrastructure as one of the pillars of passenger transport in cities. Introduce bikesharing in cities and villages and its integration into the public passenger transport system.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Support the development of intermodal transport, the completion of intermodal transport terminals, and diverting transit and traffic over a certain number of kilometres compulsorily to railway or waterway transport, use of alternative fuels as a priority.
Country: Switzerland
Document: LTS

The Federal Council approved the report "Voraussetzungen für ein Schnellladenetz für Elektroautos auf Nationalstrassen" (Requirements for a fast-charging network for electric vehicles on national highways) on 28 June 2017. The report outlines how the set-up of a fast- charging network can be driven forward. In addition to future drive systems, traffic avoidance and the modal shift also play a key role in the decarbonisation of transport. This also includes improved harmonisation of urban development and transport. Spatial planning coordinated with public transport infrastructure and the intelligent networking of all individual systems will enable the further promotion of lower-CO2 mobility.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: traffic avoidance and the modal shift also play a key role in the decarbonisation of transport. This also includes improved harmonisation of urban development and transport. Spatial planning coordinated with public transport infrastructure and the intelligent networking of all individual systems will enable the further promotion of lower-CO2 mobility.
Country: United Kingdom
Document: LTS

We are working with industry to modernise fares ticketing and retail and encourage a shift to rail and cleaner and greener transport journeys. Great British Railways set out a transformation in how people will pay for their journeys, to encourage a shift to rail and cleaner, greener journeys. Greater provision of walking and cycling routes to and from stations, and supporting infrastructure, will be introduced to support healthier greener journeys. Great British Railways will encourage more rail freight by providing the right conditions for industry growth, with better coordination, modern contracts, and new safeguards. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the EconomyCars, vans, motorcycles, and scooters 26. We will end the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2030. From 2035 all new cars and vans must be fully zero emission at the tailpipe.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Greater provision of walking and cycling routes to and from stations, and supporting infrastructure
Country: China
Document: LTS

⚫ Promote the application of low-carbon energy ships and explore the application of biomass fuels and other synthetic fuels in civil aviation. ⚫ Increase the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy in transportation infrastructure, accelerate the improvement of the LNG and hydrogen energy supply (filling) system, and focus on solving the problems of difficult approval, construction, and operation of marine LNG refueling stations. Build (near) zero-carbon hubs, stations and ports (port areas). Speed up the construction of a green travel system. ⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Build (near) zero-carbon hubs, stations and ports (port areas). Speed up the construction of a green travel system.
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo
Document: Updated NDC

Le troisième programme consiste à boiser les zones marginales autour des villes dans le but d’assurer la production et l’utilisation durable de bois de chauffe à travers les foyers améliorés. D. Transport : deux leviers d’atténuation contribuant à hauteur de 27 à 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d’atténuation se focaliseront sur l’amélioration du transport public urbain et interurbain tout en développant des plans directeurs de transport et la promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises. E. Gestion des déchets : deux leviers d’atténuation contribuant à hauteur de 37 Mt CO2e (McKinsey et al.,2009) au potentiel total d’atténuation.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: promotion du transport multimodal pour les passagers et les marchandises.
Country: Japan
Document: Archived LTS

Additionally, the Government will promote the use of micro mobility vehicles that enables energy efficient transportation according to various needs of all generations. The Government will also take measures to improve services and convenience with new mobility services and to achieve seamless public transportation with:- 47 - improving public transport such as railways; improving connection between transport modes through public-private partnership for development of transport hubs (modal connectiveness); utilizing existing public transport; computerization; improvements in transfer points, introducing park and ride, and; Mobility as a Service (MaaS). e. Logistics revolution The Government will facilitate the modal shift from automobile transportation to coastal shipping or rail transportation to reduce CO2 emission and measure labor shortage in the logistics.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: improving public transport such as railways; improving connection between transport modes through public-private partnership for development of transport hubs (modal connectiveness); utilizing existing public transport; computerization; improvements in transfer points, introducing park and ride,
Country: Marshall Islands
Document: LTS

Potential Measures and Next Steps Area Measure Feasibility Assessment Pilot Actions Transportation Land Efficiency Improvements Inventory current vehicle stock and efficiency level. Examine current efficiency standards on RMI, higher US Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards, and available technologies to determine further action (higher standards, cash for clunkers, better efficiency standard enforcement, better maintenance/ catalytic converter enforcement, etc.). Electric Vehicles Continue electric vehicles’ pilots, especially examining market barriers, and/or maintenance issues. Multi-modal initiatives: Regular Island Shuttles; Electric Bikes Take a deeper look at citizens’ transportation needs, mapping total trips per year and mode (air, sea, car, bike, walking, etc.). Assess the frequency, timing, and purpose of these trips to see whether/what form of public transportation and/or bicycling programs may make sense. Figure 10: Land based transport – potential measures and next stepsKey Assumptions 111.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Multi-modal initiatives: Regular Island Shuttles
Country: Paraguay
Document: Updated NDC

Las contribuciones del Paraguay están ajustadas a las circunstancias nacionales presentes y los objetivos a largo plazo fijados en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo, así como el apoyo en el financiamiento y la cooperación tecnológica internacional. Paraguay es un país que ha expresado su deseo de contribuir con acciones positivas para reducir los efectos adversos del cambio climático, y en este plan se incluyen aspectos estratégicos vinculados a cambio climático en tanto para la mitigación y la adaptación.Dentro del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo de Paraguay existen muchos objetivos planteados en lo económico, social y ambiental y los que están vinculados al cambio climático son los siguientes;  Transporte multimodal eficiente  Control efectivo de la deforestación  Aumentar ingresos por venta de carbono  Crecimiento del PIB de 6,8% anual.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: transporte multimodal eficiente
Country: Paraguay
Document: Updated NDC

Paraguay es un país que ha expresado su deseo de contribuir con acciones positivas para reducir los efectos adversos del cambio climático, y en este plan se incluyen aspectos estratégicos vinculados a cambio climático en tanto para la mitigación y la adaptación.Dentro del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo de Paraguay existen muchos objetivos planteados en lo económico, social y ambiental y los que están vinculados al cambio climático son los siguientes;  Transporte multimodal eficiente  Control efectivo de la deforestación  Aumentar ingresos por venta de carbono  Crecimiento del PIB de 6,8% anual.  Aumentar los ingresos nacionales por la venta de servicios ambientales (créditos por sumideros de carbono).  Aumentar la cobertura de áreas forestales y biomasa protegida (% de cobertura forestal y % ponderado por biomasas globales).

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: transporte multimodal eficiente
Country: Ukraine
Document: LTS

Introduction of inter -mode load carrying transport technologies. Policy which aims to improve railway infrastructure and infrastructure of inland water ways to promote wider use of railways and water transport Stimulation of modernization the water and river ports in order to incentivize implementation of more energy efﬁcient technologies, and take energy saving measures throughout the entire technological chain Development of highly efﬁcient cogeneration at local and regional level № Policy /measure Description of policy /measure Development of highly efﬁcient cogeneration Increase in general fuel usage efﬁciency and reduction in GHG emissions under combined generation of heat and electricity by TPP at local and regional levelSupport to energy accumulation technologies implementation № Policy /measure Description of policy /measure Support to energy accumulation technologies implementation To support development and implementation of energy accumulation technologies by way of subsidies, tariff compensation and other ﬁnancial incentives Development of hydrogen production technologies № Policy /measure Description of policy /measure Development of hydrogen production technologies Provision of incentives on development and implementation of hydrogen production technologies and efﬁcient technologies for storage of electricity in the form of hydrogen 4.1.4.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Introduction of inter -mode load carrying transport technologies. Policy which aims to improve railway infrastructure and infrastructure of inland water ways to promote wider use of railways and water transport
Country: Costa Rica
Document: 1st NDC

Public Transportation needs to improve its fleet composition as well as its working design. This can be accomplished through an Integrated Public Transportation system where routes are improved, train service strengthened, and availability of non-motorized transportation enhanced, etc. Costa Rica has made the intercity electric train a priority, which will provide a significant contribution to the country’s emission mitigation goals, creating new employment and low emissions mobility. It is necessary to improve the freight sector through multi-modal options. This will require an ambitious investment portfolio in sustainable transportation over the coming decades. The Costa Rican Agricultural sector is the second highest sector in compound emissions due to its Nitrous Oxide and Methane production.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Improve the freight sector through multi-modal options
Country: China
Document: Updated NDC

At the same time, China will optimize passenger transport, and guide the scale-up and intensive operation of those passenger transport enterprises. Green logistics will be developed speedily, transport resources will be optimized and the overall utilization efficiency will be advanced. Measures will be taken for expediting vehicles and vessels that are powered by new energy and clean energy, popularizing intelligent transportation, pushing forward the electrification of railways, giving impetus to constructing hydrogen filling stations, and normalizing the utilization of shore-end cable for vessels at ports. China will move faster to put in place a convenient, efficient and moderately advanced network system for battery charging and swap.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: popularizing intelligent transportation,
Country: Japan
Document: LTS

20% of Japan s total CO2 emissions. In order to reduce these emissions, it is necessary not only to take measures against automobiles alone, but also to strengthen the combined measures of “Avoid” (reducing unnecessary traffic congestion, etc. ), “Shift” (switching to modes of transportation with low carbon emission intensity, such as by promoting the use of public transportation and modal shift), and “Improve” (technological innovation such as digital technologies including AI, IoT, and big data, and creation of new services using new technologies). In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems, and structural measures that contribute to combating traffic- 37 - congestion.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems
Country: Japan
Document: LTS

In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems, and structural measures that contribute to combating traffic- 37 - congestion. In the field of public transportation, it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation which provides essential services as a means of transportation to support life and economic activities in local regions, in light of the fact that the situation surrounding public transportation has become more severe due to the impact of the COVID-19 infection.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems
Country: Japan
Document: LTS

The Government will strive to raise awareness about the functions of electrified vehicles as a mobile power source in times of disaster. d. Measures for road traffic flow from both structural and non-structural perspectives The Government will promote initiatives such as pinpointing congestion bottlenecks based on scientific analysis of big data obtained by using ETC2.0, which enables bi-directional transmission and reception of large amounts of information and understanding of route information. The Government will also proceed with considering the introduction of comprehensive traffic congestion countermeasures, including toll measures to adjust traffic demand using ICT and AI.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: The Government will promote initiatives such as pinpointing congestion bottlenecks based on scientific analysis of big data obtained by using ETC2.0
Country: Latvia
Document: LTS

The use of multi- modal carriage65 allows to choose the most optimal and environmentally friendly mode of transport in individual distances. â¢ Road infrastructure corresponds to the latest transport trends, integrating intelligent transport systems A unified and modern road network is ensured, allowing for safe and fast movement in the territory of Latvia and equipped with such charging/filling infrastructure of vehicles which has been integrated into the European transport system and conveniently allows continuation of the travel outside the country. The use of intelligent transport systems both in the infrastructure and vehicles themselves allows for the reduction of GHG emissions, concurrently improving traffic safety. The data of such systems are available for re-use with the intermediation of the national access point of transport of traffic information.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: The use of intelligent transport systems both in the infrastructure and vehicles themselves allows for the reduction of GHG emissions, concurrently improving traffic safety. The data of such systems are available for re-use with the intermediation of the national access point of transport of traffic information.
Country: Luxembourg
Document: LTS

169 Notamment le Cluster for Logistics: la neutralité climatique en 2050 68 / 97 intensité de carbone tels que le rail et les voies navigables et continuer à renforcer le transport de fret multimodal, en valorisant et développant le terminal multimodal de Bettembourg/Dudelange et le site tri-modal du port de Mertert, et dans un contexte européen qui devra faciliter une gestion plus efficace et une augmentation de la capacité des voies ferroviaires et fluviales ; en fonction de l’évolution technologique des véhicules utilitaires lourds, déployer l’infrastructure de ravitaillement nécessaire pour les carburants alternatifs (électricité, hydrogène, …) ; etc. ; Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ; Promouvoir et étoffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique à réduire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme « Lean & Green »170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des coûts d’infrastructure et des externalités négatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l’introduction d’un système basé sur le kilométrage (en remplacement du système Eurovignette).

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ;
Country: Luxembourg
Document: LTS

; Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ; Promouvoir et étoffer des programmes pour encourager les entreprises et le secteur de la logistique à réduire leur empreinte carbone, par exemple le programme « Lean & Green »170 ; Adapter les redevances et taxes pour tenir compte des coûts d’infrastructure et des externalités négatives, notamment en planifiant avec au moins un des pays voisins ou au sein du Benelux l’introduction d’un système basé sur le kilométrage (en remplacement du système Eurovignette). 6.4.4 Secteurs aérien et maritime Au niveau européen et global, les transports aérien et maritime sont responsables pour des émissions croissantes de GES, quoique la pandémie COVID-19 a récemment provoqué un ralentissement abrupt des activités.

Question: How digital solutions are being promoted in the transport sector?
Answer: Tirer parti de la numérisation pour amplifier l’utilisation de systèmes de gestion intelligente de la chaîne logistique ;