alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Portuguese, the only official language, is known by 80% of the population as the primary or secondary language. The six Bantu languages most widely spoken: Umbundu (23%), Kikongo (8.2%), Kimbundu (7.8%), Chokwe (6.5%), Ngangela (3.1%), Kwanyama (2.3%) [48]. In 2020, the Multidimensional Poverty Report of Angola [27] was developed, which considers 4 dimensions: i) Health; ii) Education, iii) Quality of life; iv) Employment - and sixteen indicators that express the different deprivations faced by people living in poverty and are, quite important, to capture the reality of the Country. According to this report, the incidence rate of multidimensional poverty in the rural area (87.8%) is more than double the incidence rate in the urban area (35.0%).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

According to this report, the incidence rate of multidimensional poverty in the rural area (87.8%) is more than double the incidence rate in the urban area (35.0%). Angola has, according to UNESCO, an adult literacy rate1 of 66.03% (a 1.38% decline from 2001). While the male literacy rate is 79.97%, for females is 53.41%, showing a big gap between the sexes. In Angola, primary education is mandatory and free, which comprises 6 years of schooling (1st grade to 6th grade). Government Currently under the 2010 Constitution, the President in office is João Lourenço from the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola party (MPLA, in Portuguese), elected when the country held its second Presidential elections in 23rd August 2017 as part of a stable democratic transition.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Government Currently under the 2010 Constitution, the President in office is João Lourenço from the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola party (MPLA, in Portuguese), elected when the country held its second Presidential elections in 23rd August 2017 as part of a stable democratic transition. The country is administratively divided into 18 provinces, each of which is headed by a governor appointed by the central government. Provinces are further divided into councils, communes, circles, neighborhoods, and villages. The government type is a multiparty democracy with an Executive Presidency composed of the following State bodies: The President of the Republic, the National Assembly, the Government and the Courts2. The actual Angolan government is composed by 21 Ministries. 2.5.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

This graduation process is expected to have economic implications. Poverty reduction is one of the priority objectives of Angolan policy and the actions developed under the Poverty Reduction Strategy, the Integrated Municipal Program for Rural Development and Poverty Reduction and the National Development Plan of 2013-2017 and of 2018-2022, currently in force and under revision, allowed for a positive evolution of national indicators. According to the National Development Plan of 2018-2022, the poverty rate in Angola fell from 60% to 36% from the beginning of this century to 2018, with almost half of Angola s population rising above the threshold of absolute poverty, with poverty being more prevalent in rural (58%) than in urban areas (19%)[14].

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

According to the National Development Plan of 2018-2022, the poverty rate in Angola fell from 60% to 36% from the beginning of this century to 2018, with almost half of Angola s population rising above the threshold of absolute poverty, with poverty being more prevalent in rural (58%) than in urban areas (19%)[14]. Although the country s wealth concentration indicator is evolving positively, empirical evidence suggests that inequality remains high [22]. In 2018, the GINI index3 for was 51,3%. The Government has already in place a programme to support vulnerable families.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Some of the proposed measures in the PDN 2018-2022 are the implementation of a minimum income program for the population with greater economic and social difficulties and a sustainable and fair wage policy and tax system[19]. According to the 2014 Census, 42.2% of the country’s population was employed in the primary sector, 26.2% in the tertiary sector and only 6.1% in the secondary sector. In 2018, the unemployment rate was estimated at 28% and remained predominantly high among youth in urban areas (38%)[34]. Is it important to highlight the informal economy, which is constituted as 3 The Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Is it important to highlight the informal economy, which is constituted as 3 The Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 a driving force of the organization of economic and social life, and not included in official numbers. Second largest oil producer in Africa, Angola also has the third largest GDP in sub-Saharan Africa, after Nigeria and South Africa. After a long civil war, the country posted one of the highest economic growth rates in the world, driven by its oil wealth.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

After a long civil war, the country posted one of the highest economic growth rates in the world, driven by its oil wealth. Angola was then severely affected by the fall in oil prices and by the fall in world demand (notably from China). In 2019, it entered its fourth year of recession, which was extended by the drop in production in mature oil fields; indeed, GDP growth contracted by -1.5% in 2019[35]. Angola is expected to remain in recession in 2020 due to the recent plunge in oil prices and the global slowdown resulting from the impact of COVID-19. Oil sector growth will be highly affected due to the combined effect of supply and demand shocks.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Oil sector growth will be highly affected due to the combined effect of supply and demand shocks. Non-oil sector growth is also projected to decline due to spillover effects from lower oil prices, reduced imported capital goods, tighter financing conditions, currency depreciation, and restrictions in the movements of goods and people. The COVID-19 pandemic and the global economic disruptions caused by it put at risk Angola’s achievements of macro-economic stabilization and transition to a more sustainable and inclusive growth model [35]. Despite having reached the top of the countries with the highest economic growth, changes in the international economic context following the global financial crisis and recession in 2012 affected funding and economic dynamics nationally, contributing to a significant economic slowdown over the 2013-2016 period.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Despite having reached the top of the countries with the highest economic growth, changes in the international economic context following the global financial crisis and recession in 2012 affected funding and economic dynamics nationally, contributing to a significant economic slowdown over the 2013-2016 period. Angola, characterized by its oil industry dependence, suffered the drop-in oil production since 2014 and consequent price decline of this commodity, which resulted in reduced oil exports and affected tax revenues [30]. As a result, the real GDP growth rate decreased from 12.6% in the 2006-2010 period to 4.7% registered in 2011-2015, instigating government cuts in infrastructure spending by 55% between 2014 and 2017.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

As a result, the real GDP growth rate decreased from 12.6% in the 2006-2010 period to 4.7% registered in 2011-2015, instigating government cuts in infrastructure spending by 55% between 2014 and 2017. The reduction in the price of oil and subsequent divestment in the sector over the 2015-2017 period, has strongly impacted oil production nationally causing inflation rates to rise exponentially and fiscal sector indicators to deteriorate, resulting in a contraction of economic activity, public consumption expenditure and public investment, and increasing the public deficit leading to a four year long recession [30]. Since 2016 the real GDP growth rates have been negative (Figure 3).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Since 2016 the real GDP growth rates have been negative (Figure 3). In light of this scenario, in 2016 entered into force a memorandum defining the government strategy to tackle this problem and increase state revenues based mainly on four pillars [17]: 1) oil substitution as the main source of revenue, 2) short-term export promotion, 3) program of public debt payment, and 4) a new non-oil dependent economic stability cycle. Hence, the government of Angola has been taking the necessary actions to help the country overcome the financial crisis, including the constraints in the oil sector, through measures of macroeconomic and financial stabilization, implementation of structural and financial reforms, improvement the business environment, and promoting non-oil sector growth, essential to reduce the high unemployment rate.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Hence, the government of Angola has been taking the necessary actions to help the country overcome the financial crisis, including the constraints in the oil sector, through measures of macroeconomic and financial stabilization, implementation of structural and financial reforms, improvement the business environment, and promoting non-oil sector growth, essential to reduce the high unemployment rate. Nonetheless, regardless of the efforts made in the non-oil sector in the past year - by the end of 2019, non-oil GDP growth estimate was of 0.6% due to the non-oil economy positive performance - the prediction is of continuing economic recession [30].

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Nonetheless, regardless of the efforts made in the non-oil sector in the past year - by the end of 2019, non-oil GDP growth estimate was of 0.6% due to the non-oil economy positive performance - the prediction is of continuing economic recession [30]. The government strategy also involves investing in infrastructure, reducing imports throughNationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 economic diversification, developing skills and improving the business environment through reducing bureaucracy and easing credit access to companies [19]. Also, the National Development Plan 2018-2022 reinforces the strategic need for the country s development through investment in agriculture and industry.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Also, the National Development Plan 2018-2022 reinforces the strategic need for the country s development through investment in agriculture and industry. Figure 3 – Evolution of GDP growth rates between 2012 and 2019 [30] In the 2013-2017 period, the average growth rate of the non-oil sector of 1.2% has been threefold the 0.4% registered for the oil sector [19]. The Government is strongly committed in developing the agricultural sector in order to make the country self-sufficient in basic food supplies, thus reducing imports and increasing exports. Subsistence agriculture remains the main source of income for the majority of the population representing about 47.8% of the total national labour force [19] and a GDP growth rate of 3.8% in 2019 in relation to the previous year [30].

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Subsistence agriculture remains the main source of income for the majority of the population representing about 47.8% of the total national labour force [19] and a GDP growth rate of 3.8% in 2019 in relation to the previous year [30]. Recently, the Government of Angola developed the Integrated Plan for the Acceleration of Agriculture and Artisanal Fisheries (PIAAPF), stating its plans to mitigate the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 and dependence on oil, increasing increase national production by at least 15 to 25%, as well as investments in chains of value [33]. Between 2018 and 2022, projections show that the national economy is expected to have a real average growth rate of 3%, considering the stabilisation of oil production and the acceleration of the non-oil sector.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Between 2018 and 2022, projections show that the national economy is expected to have a real average growth rate of 3%, considering the stabilisation of oil production and the acceleration of the non-oil sector. In this scenario, the main drivers of growth are: agriculture with an average rate of 8.9%; fisheries with an average rate of 4.8%; manufacturing with an average rate of 5.9%; construction with an average rate of 3.8%; and services, including tourism with an average rate of 5.9% [19]. 2.5.1.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

In this scenario, the main drivers of growth are: agriculture with an average rate of 8.9%; fisheries with an average rate of 4.8%; manufacturing with an average rate of 5.9%; construction with an average rate of 3.8%; and services, including tourism with an average rate of 5.9% [19]. 2.5.1. Characteristics of the Primary sector Oil, Mineral & Gas Producing more than 800,000 barrels per day, Angola is Africa s second largest oil producer, a net producer of natural gas and also the third largest producer of diamonds in the continent, surpassed only by Botswana and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Some of these resources are still unexplored in vast areas of the territory, reason why the government is implementing the National Geology Plan (PLANAGEO) to promote their exploitation and generate revenues. The diamond, metallic mineral and other mineral extraction sectors are expected to perform the best in 2019, in consequence of the entry into operation of new diamond mines and of new quarries for the production of ornamental rocks, in addition to the continued production of other gold, iron ore and concentrated iron mines [19], with a growth rate of 17.9%, followed by Energy with 10.7% and the Manufacturing Industry 3.2% [30]. Agriculture and Fisheries Agriculture Despite its potential, the agricultural sector is underdeveloped and not very productive, contributing to 9% of GDP but employs 51% of the population.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

New renewable energies have no expression and represent less than 1% of the energy consumed. Angola is currently one of the countries in the world with the highest penetration of renewable energies in the electricity sector due to the weight of its hydroelectric plants. In 2013, more than 70% of the electricity produced in the country came from water. [13] The electricity network of Angola is constituted by 3 main independent systems, based on hydrographic basins, namely, the North, Center and South Systems. The provincial headquarters not covered by these systems are supplied by Isolated Systems. The electricity access rate in Angola is 44% today and most rural areas lack access to electricity and other modern sources of energy.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

The largest ports are Luanda, Lobito, Cabinda, Namibe and Soyo (Figure 5). The port of Cabinda serves the Cabinda enclave region and is heavily tied to offshore petrol operations and handling, as is Soyo. The port of Namibe is the most important fishing port in the country, while Lobito is a historical port that once served as a direct gateway to DRC Katanga region’s copper exports (using the Benguela railway) [31]. Also, there is a fluvial network made up of large rivers with several falls, rapids, and lakes, some of which are navigable over dozens of kilometers and also appropriate for bathing and water sports. Some of those rivers are the Kwanza, Zaire, Kuando and Cunene.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Services The services sector (banking, telecommunications, tourism and hospitality) is also growing rapidly, accounting for 48,7% of GDP and employing 41% of the population. Tourism is growing, although there is a severe shortage of hotels and other types of accommodation.Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 The construction sector is booming (9% of GDP), driven by a large reconstruction program launched by the government. Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015)4 Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector Agriculture Industry5 Services Employment by Sector (in % of Total Employment) Value Added (in % of GDP) 8,6 47,9 43,2 Value Added (Annual % Change) -,76 -3,6 0,3 Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Table 4 - Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector (2015)4 Breakdown of Economic Activity by Sector Agriculture Industry5 Services Employment by Sector (in % of Total Employment) Value Added (in % of GDP) 8,6 47,9 43,2 Value Added (Annual % Change) -,76 -3,6 0,3 Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%. 4 World Bank latest data (updated October 2020) 5 The industry sector consists of mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water),Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021Nationally Determined Contribution of Angola 2021 3. NDC REVISION PROCESS 3.1. Justification & Time Frame of this NDC Angola is reviewing its NDC following ratification of Paris Agreement in November 2020.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Justification & Time Frame of this NDC Angola is reviewing its NDC following ratification of Paris Agreement in November 2020. Article 4.10 of the Paris Agreement calls on the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Agreement (CMA1) to “consider common time frames” for nationally determined contributions (NDCs). The common time frame is necessary to monitor and review the effectiveness of NDC implementation as well as to aggregate the global number of emission reduction. Angola is setting the target to achieve a 14% reduction (unconditionally) by 2025. 3.2.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Angola is setting the target to achieve a 14% reduction (unconditionally) by 2025. 3.2. Scope and coverage The NDC scope is fully aligned with the recent National Strategy for Climate Chance 2020-2035 (ENAC 2020-2035) and the coverage is nation-wide, and the gases covered include CO2 and N2O gases. The mitigation action of this NDC comprises 4 sectors, namely: Energy AFOLU Industry Waste The adaptation action of this NDC comprises 6 sectors, namely: Agriculture and Fisheries Coastal Zone Forest, Ecosystem and Biodiversity Water resources Human Health Infra-structures 3.3. Revision process and NDC Enhancement The 2020 NDC reflects the feedback from stakeholders and is fully aligned with the development vision of the government. Angola adopted an all-inclusive process of engaging relevant stakeholders through bilateral consultations.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Discussion of additional options: What other options could be applicable in Angola? What are the key challenges? What are the policy gaps and support needs? Identifying data sources and gaps: What are the existing information sources? Where are the key data gaps required for detailed analysis? The Angolan NDC was enhanced by adding measures and actions aimed at strengthening implementation. Also, new information on the most recent National Inventory of CO2 e emissions was added to the document. 3.4. Institutional arrangements The Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment of Angola (MCTA in Portuguese) was the entity responsible for the update of the Angolan NDC, with the support of UNDP Angola.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

Institutional arrangements The Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment of Angola (MCTA in Portuguese) was the entity responsible for the update of the Angolan NDC, with the support of UNDP Angola. MCTA currently has 6 National Directorates, namely the (1) National Directorate of Culture and Arts; the (2) National Directorate of Traditional Power Communities and Institutions; the (3) National Directorate of Structuring and Tourism Development; the (4) National Directorate for Qualification of Infrastructure and Tourism Products; (5) National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action; the (6) National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Angola
Document: Updated NDC

MCTA currently has 6 National Directorates, namely the (1) National Directorate of Culture and Arts; the (2) National Directorate of Traditional Power Communities and Institutions; the (3) National Directorate of Structuring and Tourism Development; the (4) National Directorate for Qualification of Infrastructure and Tourism Products; (5) National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action; the (6) National Directorate for Prevention and Assessment of Environmental Impacts. Under the (5) National Directorate for the Environment and Climate Action, MCTA has the task of formulating, conducting, executing and controlling the policy related to the environment in a perspective of protection, preservation and conservation of environmental quality, pollution control, conservation areas and enhancement of the natural heritage, as well as the preservation and rational use of natural resources.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3