alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Saint Lucia
Document: 1st NDC

Table 4: Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions that address Climate Change Mitigation1 and Adaptation Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Energy Demand / Electricity Generation Adopted National Energy Policy (2010) 35% Renewable Energy Target by 2020 Introduced incentives for renewable energy Prepared draft of Revised Electricity Supply Act (2015) Passed National Utility Regulatory Commission Bill (establishes an independent regulatory commission to oversee electricity production) Draft Revised Building Code (includes energy efficiency measures) National Energy Efficiency Labelling Standards (Air- Conditioning units, tubular and compact fluorescent lamps) Developing draft Geothermal Development Bill Transportation Introduced a new levy to control importation of used vehicles 1 Draft Saint Lucia Mitigation Assessment (2015) (Stiebert Consulting, Enviro Economics)Sector Key National Policies, Legislation and Actions Reduction of excise tax and duty for importers of fuel efficient vehicles and alternative energy vehicles Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles Proposed Transport Policy and Strategy2 Agriculture / Fisheries National Fisheries Plan 2013 Waste Secretariat of the National Water & Sewerage Commission to regulate water and wastewater operators activated in 2012 Pursuing a Waste Management Strategy that includes the conversion of waste to energy Land-Use, Land- Use Change and Forestry Conduct of a comprehensive forest inventory in 2009 Development of natural resource management plan for the north-east part of Saint Lucia3 Draft National Land Policy 2014 Industrial Processes Approved hydrochloroflurocarbon (HCFCs) Phase Out Management Plan Draft Code of Practice for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technicians General Establishment of a multi-sectoral National Climate Change Committee Adoption of a revised National Climate Change Adaptation Development of a Strategic Programme for Climate Resilience Adoption of a National Coastal Zone Management Policy Adoption of a National Environmental Policy and National Environment Management Strategy (2004; Revised 2014) Sustainable Energy For All initiative4 Annual observance of Energy Awareness Week. Development of a Climate Change Public Education and Awareness Strategy Implementation Plan Sustainable Development Benefits Achievement of the mitigation targets will translate to significant sustainable development benefit for Saint Lucia.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Escalating taxes on higher engine capacity vehicles
Country: New Zealand
Document: Updated NDC

The Government Investment in Decarbonising Industry Fund (GIDI) provides funding to support the adoption of energy efficiency and fuel switching to renewable technologies in industry, including electrification and bioenergy. It aims to accelerate industrial heat decarbonisation to catalyse adoption of low-emission technologies, and to contribute to the COVID-19 recovery. The Clean Car Discount will support New Zealanders to buy cleaner vehicles by addressing their high upfront cost through incentives. From 1 January 2022, a charge on high-emitting vehicles will apply at point of first registration in New Zealand, to discourage purchase. The Clean Car Standard will be implemented in 2022 and support a cleaner vehicle fleet by improving the efficiency of imported new and used light vehicles.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: From 1 January 2022, a charge on high-emitting vehicles will apply at point of first registration in New Zealand, to discourage purchase.
Country: Dominican Republic
Document: Updated NDC

Este Programa promueve la igualdad de género, mediante su inclusión en las decisiones de las cumbres de cambio climático, y en las políticas nacionales en materia de cambio climático, con el fin de poder enfrentar de mejor manera los fenómenos climáticos extremos. El PAGCC contempla objetivos, acciones e indicadores para nueve sectores priorizados: energía + transporte + infraestructura, agricultura y seguridad alimentaria, residuos, forestal, agua, salud, costero marino, turismo y gestión de riesgo.

Question: Is there any social inclusion benefit?
Answer: El PAGCC contempla objetivos, acciones e indicadores para nueve sectores priorizados: energía + transporte + infraestructura, agricultura y seguridad alimentaria, residuos, forestal, agua, salud, costero marino, turismo y gestión de riesgo.
Country: Dominican Republic
Document: Updated NDC

El PAGCC contempla objetivos, acciones e indicadores para nueve sectores priorizados: energía + transporte + infraestructura, agricultura y seguridad alimentaria, residuos, forestal, agua, salud, costero marino, turismo y gestión de riesgo. A través del Plan Nacional de Igualdad y Equidad de Género 2020-2030 (PLANEG III) del Ministerio de la Mujer de la República Dominicana, se establece la transversalidad de género, basada en lo que dispone la Constitución de la República, con la finalidad de superar las desigualdades de derechos entre hombres y mujeres y lograr la equidad de género.

Question: Is there any social inclusion benefit?
Answer: El PAGCC contempla objetivos, acciones e indicadores para nueve sectores priorizados: energía + transporte + infraestructura, agricultura y seguridad alimentaria, residuos, forestal, agua, salud, costero marino, turismo y gestión de riesgo.
Country: Luxembourg
Document: LTS

Pour parvenir à la neutralité climatique d’ici à 2050, le défi consiste donc à inverser cette tendance et à tout mettre en œuvre pour décarboniser le système de mobilité. Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air, une réduction de la congestion routière, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d’accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacités de stockage pour produits pétroliers, générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens.

Question: Is there any social inclusion benefit?
Answer: générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens.
Country: Luxembourg
Document: LTS

Les efforts à consentir seront très substantiels, mais apporteront également d’importants avantages supplémentaires comme une meilleure qualité de l’air, une réduction de la congestion routière, des nuisances sonores et du nombre d’accidents ou encore une baisse voire la suppression des capacités de stockage pour produits pétroliers, générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens. Bien qu’il soit impératif que les prix reflètent les coûts réels147 des différents modes de transport, notamment par le biais d’une politique fiscale appropriée, incluant la taxation des carburants et des véhicules, le développement et la mise en œuvre de solutions incitant les usagers à modifier leurs habitudes en termes de mobilité sont primordiaux.

Question: Is there any social inclusion benefit?
Answer: générant ainsi des bienfaits pour la santé et des améliorations de la qualité de la vie des citoyens.
Country: Papua New Guinea
Document: 2nd NDC

The transport sub-sector contributed approximately 2,007 Gg CO2 eq (17 percent) of the total sectoral emissions in 201525. This sub-sector is a growing source of emissions, particularly with the expansion of urban towns and cities, the population contained in these towns and cities mainly rely on fossil fuel-run vehicles for commuting. Availability of safe, affordable, energy-efficient transportation will increase access to employment, markets, education, health, and other services. Other Sectors contributed 459Gg CO2 eq (4 percent) of the sectoral emissions in 201526, especially from the residential and commercial buildings. PNG does not have much experience with energy efficiency in the residential and commercial building sub-sector; hence the lack of energy efficiency measures to date or energy efficiency projects, which may generate a high return on investments.

Question: Is there any social inclusion benefit?
Answer: Availability of safe, affordable, energy-efficient transportation will increase access to employment, markets, education, health, and other services.
Country: Cambodia
Document: Updated NDC

Most priority actions have a specific target for women’s participation that ranges from 15% to 70%. Gender and age disaggregated data are crucially important in measuring the success of the gender targets, not only related to women’s participation but also women’s access to skills and technology, as well as women in climate-related decision making. Mitigation Mitigation priority actions, including energy, waste, and transport, all have linkages to gender equality and social inclusion and the potential to contribute to several gender-based indicators.

Question: Is there any social inclusion benefit?
Answer: Mitigation priority actions, including energy, waste, and transport, all have linkages to gender equality and social inclusion and the potential to contribute to several gender-based indicators
Country: Cambodia
Document: Updated NDC

Mitigation Mitigation priority actions, including energy, waste, and transport, all have linkages to gender equality and social inclusion and the potential to contribute to several gender-based indicators. In relation to energy priorities such as (1) access to energy in rural areas and (2) the diversification of household and community energy generation sources to reduce reliance on biomass as an energy source, women are often responsible for household energy- related decisions in rural areas, and women, the poor and the marginalised are often last to 19 CEDAW (2018) Sixth periodic report submitted by Cambodia under Article 18 of the Convention, due in 2017.Cambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) gain energy access.

Question: Is there any social inclusion benefit?
Answer: Mitigation priority actions, including energy, waste, and transport, all have linkages to gender equality and social inclusion and the potential to contribute to several gender-based indicators
Country: Guatemala
Document: LTS

Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano • U-2. Movilidad metropolitana sostenible Para la facilidad de comprensión del documento, se simplificaron los nombres de las opciones de mitigación, versión original en anexos. Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo con Bajas Emisiones de Gases de Efecto InvernaderoLas opciones priorizadas en este sector muestran variabilidad de im- pactos macroeconómicos, aunque se identifica que en su mayoría impactan de forma positiva en ahorros por el uso de energía. La opción para de vehículos eléctricos (T-5), presenta impactos positivos en costo respecto a la tendencia, gastos evitados en energía, cambio hacia combustibles locales, fortalecimiento de cadenas de suministro locales y generación de empleo.

Question: Is there any social inclusion benefit?
Answer: La opción para de vehículos eléctricos (T-5), presenta impactos positivos en costo respecto a la tendencia, gastos evitados en energía, cambio hacia combustibles locales, fortalecimiento de cadenas de suministro locales y generación de empleo.
Country: Guatemala
Document: LTS

La opción para de vehículos eléctricos (T-5), presenta impactos positivos en costo respecto a la tendencia, gastos evitados en energía, cambio hacia combustibles locales, fortalecimiento de cadenas de suministro locales y generación de empleo. Otras opciones como la implementación del Plan de Movilidad Me- tropolitana (U-2), representa un incremento en costo respecto a la tendencia actual, aunque con impactos positivos al reducir la canti- dad de capital para importaciones, los gastos en energía, impulsan la generación de empleo y estimula las cadenas de suministro locales.

Question: Is there any social inclusion benefit?
Answer: La opción para de vehículos eléctricos (T-5), presenta impactos positivos en costo respecto a la tendencia, gastos evitados en energía, cambio hacia combustibles locales, fortalecimiento de cadenas de suministro locales y generación de empleo.
Country: Tonga
Document: LTS

Changes in transportation regulations, standards and other issues need to be as transparent as possible, with information available to the public in a timely and effective manner. Actions to improve non-motorised transport (walking, cycling), decentralisation of services and improvements in public transport would offer major benefits around social inclusion, making services more easily available to all segments of the population. This is likely to boost access to services and facilitate improved transport options for low-income families, families without cars / access to private transport, women, the elderly and vulnerable groups. There is a risk to social inclusion if vehicles and compliance become too expensive for lower-income households.

Question: Is there any social inclusion benefit?
Answer: This is likely to boost access to services and facilitate improved transport options for low-income families, families without cars / access to private transport, women, the elderly and vulnerable groups
Country: Zimbabwe
Document: Updated NDC

• Increased composting and waste-to-energy processing will result in employment creation and reduced pollution to soil and water bodies. 25 Global GHG emissions including land-use change in 2017 were 53.5 GtCO eq (UN Environment Emissions Gap Report 2018), Zimbabwe total GHG emissions of 37.98 MtCO eq taken from LEAP modelling.Zimbabwe Revised Nationally Determined Contribution 2021 23 • Increased energy efficiency, reduced transmission and distribution losses and increased electricity supply from solar and waste-to-energy projects will reduce supply constraints and reliance on climate-sensitive hydropower. • Improved fuel efficiency will lead to reduced fuel imports, improving Zimbabwe’s balance of trade and macroeconomic stability. • Increased public transport will lead to increased mobility for low-income populations. Zimbabwe is determined to ensure a just transition to a climate resilient, low carbon economy.

Question: Is there any social inclusion benefit?
Answer: Increased public transport will lead to increased mobility for low-income populations
Country: European Union
Document: Updated NDC

Emissions from aviation are currently addressed by EU legislation and will be partially addressed by international measures under ICAO. Emissions from aviation are included in the EU ETS; however, currently, the scope of the EU ETS is limited to flights within the European Economic Area. 19. The EU also adopted a new regulation on greenhouse gas emissions and removals from LULUCF7 that sets a binding commitment for each Member State to ensure that accounted emissions from land use are at a minimum compensated by an equivalent accounted removal of CO₂ from the atmosphere through action in the sector. 20. Furthermore, ambitious targets for improving energy efficiency and for increasing renewables in the EU energy mix have been agreed.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: Emissions from aviation are included in the EU ETS; however, currently, the scope of the EU ETS is limited to flights within the European Economic Area
Country: Sweden
Document: LTS

Government spending on climate related initiatives has increased substantially in recent years. Table 1. Overview of key policy instruments and measures impacting on the national climate targets (EU instruments are marked with an asterisk) Transport Industry Electricity and district heating Homes and premises Non- road mobile machiner y Waste Agricultu re LULUCF Energy and carbon tax Emission reduction targets for new vehicles* Reduction obligation Bonus- malus system Tax reduction for eco- friendly cars Carbon dioxide- based vehicle tax Klimatkliv et (local investmen t grants) Climate premium Act on the Obligation to Supply Renewable Fuels Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* Industrikliv et (the Industrial Leap) Energy and climate coaches Energy surveys for companies Energistege t (energy efficiency grants for industry) Energy efficiency networks Klimatklive t (lthe Climate Leap) Environme ntal Code EU Regulation on fluorinated Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* The Electricity Certificate System Promoting wind power Support for solar energy Tax reduction for microproduct ion of renewable energy Energy and carbon tax Eco- design Directive* Energy Labelling Directive* Building regulations Training programm e for low energy buildings Energy and climate advice Energy declaration s* Market launch, technology developme nt, innovation clusters Informatio n centre for sustainable Energy and carbon tax Reduction obligation Procurem ent requireme nts Ban on combustible and organic waste in landfill Collection of methane from landfill Waste hierarchy in the Environmen tal Code Landfill tax Producer responsibilit y Municipal waste planning CAP* Aid for manure gas Forestry Act Environme ntal Code rules on land drainage Protecting forest and land in the Environme ntal Code and nature conservatio n agreements The National Forest Programme Advice and trainingMinistry of the Environment 6 (87) Urban environme nt agreement s Long-term infrastruct ure planning Eco bonus for shipping Tax on air travel EU ETS (aviation)* greenhouse gases constructi on The costs related to climate change and the cost of failing to act will be very high.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: EU ETS (aviation)
Country: Sweden
Document: LTS

Overview of key policy instruments and measures impacting on the national climate targets (EU instruments are marked with an asterisk) Transport Industry Electricity and district heating Homes and premises Non- road mobile machiner y Waste Agricultu re LULUCF Energy and carbon tax Emission reduction targets for new vehicles* Reduction obligation Bonus- malus system Tax reduction for eco- friendly cars Carbon dioxide- based vehicle tax Klimatkliv et (local investmen t grants) Climate premium Act on the Obligation to Supply Renewable Fuels Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* Industrikliv et (the Industrial Leap) Energy and climate coaches Energy surveys for companies Energistege t (energy efficiency grants for industry) Energy efficiency networks Klimatklive t (lthe Climate Leap) Environme ntal Code EU Regulation on fluorinated Energy and carbon tax EU ETS* The Electricity Certificate System Promoting wind power Support for solar energy Tax reduction for microproduct ion of renewable energy Energy and carbon tax Eco- design Directive* Energy Labelling Directive* Building regulations Training programm e for low energy buildings Energy and climate advice Energy declaration s* Market launch, technology developme nt, innovation clusters Informatio n centre for sustainable Energy and carbon tax Reduction obligation Procurem ent requireme nts Ban on combustible and organic waste in landfill Collection of methane from landfill Waste hierarchy in the Environmen tal Code Landfill tax Producer responsibilit y Municipal waste planning CAP* Aid for manure gas Forestry Act Environme ntal Code rules on land drainage Protecting forest and land in the Environme ntal Code and nature conservatio n agreements The National Forest Programme Advice and trainingMinistry of the Environment 6 (87) Urban environme nt agreement s Long-term infrastruct ure planning Eco bonus for shipping Tax on air travel EU ETS (aviation)* greenhouse gases constructi on The costs related to climate change and the cost of failing to act will be very high. Several reports2 have shown that the costs of not taking action widely exceed the costs of doing so.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: EU ETS (aviation)
Country: Sweden
Document: LTS

In summary, Sweden has implemented instruments in three main action areas: (1) a transport-efficient society, (2) sustainable renewable fuels and infrastructure for renewable fuels, and (3) energy-efficient and fossil-free vehicles. Table 3. Summary of the most significant instruments for transport Overarching instruments Transport-efficient society Sustainable renewable fuels Energy efficient and fossil-free vehicles Energy and carbon tax Klimatklivet (the Climate Leap) Research and development funding Procurement rules Urban environment agreements Infrastructure planning Environment compensation for rail transports Eco-bonus system for shipping Tax on air travel (aviation) The Fuel Change – Emission Reduction obligation Exemption from energy and carbon taxes for biofuels Climate premium Electrified road systems Emission reduction targets for new vehicles (EU) Bonus-malus system Carbon dioxide- based vehicle tax Tax reduction for eco-friendly cars Market introduction support for electric busses, electricMinistry of the Environment 47 (87) Planning and Building Act EU ETS (aviation) Act on the Obligation to Supply Renewable Fuels Environmental information about fuel working machines and low emission heavy trucks.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: EU ETS (aviation)
Country: Sweden
Document: LTS

Summary of the most significant instruments for transport Overarching instruments Transport-efficient society Sustainable renewable fuels Energy efficient and fossil-free vehicles Energy and carbon tax Klimatklivet (the Climate Leap) Research and development funding Procurement rules Urban environment agreements Infrastructure planning Environment compensation for rail transports Eco-bonus system for shipping Tax on air travel (aviation) The Fuel Change – Emission Reduction obligation Exemption from energy and carbon taxes for biofuels Climate premium Electrified road systems Emission reduction targets for new vehicles (EU) Bonus-malus system Carbon dioxide- based vehicle tax Tax reduction for eco-friendly cars Market introduction support for electric busses, electricMinistry of the Environment 47 (87) Planning and Building Act EU ETS (aviation) Act on the Obligation to Supply Renewable Fuels Environmental information about fuel working machines and low emission heavy trucks. Overarching policy instruments in the transport sector Energy tax and carbon tax in the transport sector Both petrol and diesel are subject to an energy and a carbon tax on fuel used for road vehicles, non-road mobile machinery and private vessels and aircrafts.

Question: For what activities are envisioned economic instruments?
Answer: EU ETS (aviation)
Country: European Union
Document: LTS

Just as for renewable energy in the previous decade, the automotive industry already today heavily invests in the emergence of zero and low emission vehicle technologies, such as electric vehicles. A combination of decarbonised, decentralised and digitalised power, more efficient and sustainable batteries, highly efficient electric powertrains, connectivity and autonomous driving offers prospects to decarbonise road transport with strong overall benefits including clean air, reduced noise, accident-free traffic, altogether generating major health benefits for citizens and the European economy. Electrification of short sea shipping and inland waterways is also an option, where the power to weight ratio makes it feasible. Based on today’s knowledge and technologies, electrification using renewables alone will not be the single silver bullet for all transport modes.

Question: Are there any road safety improvements?
Answer: A combination of decarbonised, decentralised and digitalised power, more efficient and sustainable batteries, highly efficient electric powertrains, connectivity and autonomous driving offers prospects to decarbonise road transport with strong overall benefits including clean air, reduced noise, accident-free traffic, altogether generating major health benefits for citizens and the European economy.