alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Tonga
Document: LTS

Estimates suggest a total of approximately 200 million vehicle kilometres travelled per year, which translates into almost 2,300 vehicle kilometres travelled per capita (GoT and UNCTCN, 2018). Under a business as usual scenario, an average annual growth rate of 2.4 percent for vehicle kilometres travelled during the period 2016-2050 is projected, translating into an equal growth in fuel consumption from road transport (TEEMP, 2020; UNCTCN, 2018). In general there is a preference for car usage over motorbike, cycling and walking and a lack of infrastructure for non- motorised transport. Congestion on the main roads of Nuku’alofa is a concern. One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country.
Country: Tonga
Document: LTS

One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country. The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country.
Country: Tonga
Document: LTS

One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country. The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector
Country: Tonga
Document: LTS

The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector. The Ports Authority Tonga (PAT) Business Plan 2019–2024, also has, amongst its aims, the promotion of sustainable growth and a sustainable environment.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector
Country: Tonga
Document: LTS

It involves expanded adoption of EVs to the public, including different types of light duty EVs (cars, bikes, minivans, etc.). Supporting asset and capacity measures: Introduction of national EV regulations and standards - to ensure safety and good quality, introduction of regulations and standards for battery management and disposal, alignment of incentives for tax/duties/tariffs with the different stakeholders (car dealers, consumers and TPL), provide rebates for EV purchasers and for charging station set-up, create special parking spaces reserved for EVs and the option of a shared EV scheme may also be explored. These initiatives would start with studies to determine which EV and charging technologies to focus on and the optimal design and implementation of incentives schemes. An additional action arising which has not been prioritised but is currently underway is the completion of a maritime transport low GHG emissions strategy.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: An additional action arising which has not been prioritised but is currently underway is the completion of a maritime transport low GHG emissions strategy.
Country: Tonga
Document: LTS

An additional action arising which has not been prioritised but is currently underway is the completion of a maritime transport low GHG emissions strategy. This strategy will be ready as a first draft in November 2021 and will inform interventions for low emission development in the maritime sector. It can therefore complement actions focused on the land Transport sector, as laid out in this LT-LEDS. A further specific action for maritime transport is the implementation of ferry transportation across the Fanga’uta Lagoon. This would involve the public leaving their vehicles behind and using the lagoon ferry to travel to Nuku’alofa instead of driving. The ferry could be electric - an option that could be explored in future.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: An additional action arising which has not been prioritised but is currently underway is the completion of a maritime transport low GHG emissions strategy.
Country: Trinidad and Tobago
Document: 1st NDC

The Government of Trinidad and Tobago has recognised the importance of addressing climate change both from a mitigation and adaptation perspective and is committed to playing its part as a responsible member of the global community, and as a signatory to the UNFCCC, to making efforts to achieve the objective of the UNFCCC, regardless of the quantum of emissions on a global scale. Accordingly the Government has defined the policy framework for a low carbon development plan through the National Climate Change Policy, and developed a Carbon Reduction Strategy for the power generation, transportation and industrial sectors which forms the basis of Trinidad and Tobago s iNDC.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: National Climate Change Policy, and developed a Carbon Reduction Strategy for the power generation, transportation and industrial sectors
Country: Trinidad and Tobago
Document: 1st NDC

Accordingly the Government has defined the policy framework for a low carbon development plan through the National Climate Change Policy, and developed a Carbon Reduction Strategy for the power generation, transportation and industrial sectors which forms the basis of Trinidad and Tobago s iNDC. Trinidad and Tobago already produces all of its electricity from natural gas and is working towards achieving greater efficiency through combined cycle generation at all its power plants. This sector would therefore be at the edge of low carbon emissions with renewable energy being the next stage for reducing emissions even further.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: National Climate Change Policy, and developed a Carbon Reduction Strategy for the power generation, transportation and industrial sectors
Country: Uzbekistan
Document: Updated NDC

Uzbekistan pursues a targeted policy aimed at mitigating climate change, and an energy-efficiency policy in key sectors of the economy plays a decisive role in this. The country has defined "Reducing the energy intensity of GDP by almost twofold through wide implementation of advanced energy-saving technologies" as one of its development targets for the period of up to 2030 in Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan has approved and is now implementing a five-year development strategy, the Action Strategy on Five Priority Areas for Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-20212.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: Action Strategy on Five Priority Areas for Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021
Country: Uzbekistan
Document: Updated NDC

Uzbekistan has approved and is now implementing a five-year development strategy, the Action Strategy on Five Priority Areas for Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-20212. The Strategy provides for the reduction of energy and resource intensity of the economy, widespread introduction of energy-saving technologies in production, increased use of renewable energy sources, which will help reduce GHG emissions; adoption of measures to mitigate the adverse impact of global climate change and the drying up of the Aral Sea on agricultural development and livelihoods of the population. In 2017, with the aim of addressing systemic problems, increasing the efficiency of public administration, as well as implementing the tasks identified in this Strategy, an administrative reform was initiated.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: Action Strategy on Five Priority Areas for Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021
Country: Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
Document: Updated NDC

Es una de las redes más desarrolladas de América Latina. La densidad de la vialidad es más alta en la región centro-norte del país, donde se concentra la mayoría de la población. Actualmente, las actividades de transporte están bajo la competencia del Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Transporte, institución orientada a la optimización del servicio de transporte terrestre, aéreo, acuático, infraestructura vial y sus servicios conexos. Una herramienta fundamental para alcanzar este objetivo fue la creación, en el año 2014, de la Misión Transporte, que ha alcanzado numerosos logros.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: Actualmente, las actividades de transporte están bajo la competencia del Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Transporte, institución orientada a la optimización del servicio de transporte terrestre, aéreo, acuático, infraestructura vial y sus servicios conexos. Una herramienta fundamental para alcanzar este objetivo fue la creación, en el año 2014, de la Misión Transporte, que ha alcanzado numerosos logros.
Country: Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
Document: Updated NDC

Sector Transporte Terrestre - Trolebús Mérida, C.A. -Tromerca Política Pública Plan de La Patria (2019 - 2025) 3. Convertir a Venezuela en un país potencia en lo social, lo económico y lo político dentro de la gran potencia naciente de América latina y el Caribe, que garantice la conformación de una zona de paz en nuestra América. Este plan enmarca la conectividad de la movilidad a nivel local, regional y nacional, con énfasis en la reducción del impacto ambiental, utilizando tecnologías limpias y garantizando la optimización y su mantenimiento.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: Plan de La Patria (2019 - 2025) 3. Convertir a Venezuela en un país potencia en lo social, lo económico y lo político dentro de la gran potencia naciente de América latina y el Caribe, que garantice la conformación de una zona de paz en nuestra América. Este plan enmarca la conectividad de la movilidad a nivel local, regional y nacional, con énfasis en la reducción del impacto ambiental, utilizando tecnologías limpias y garantizando la optimización y su mantenimiento.
Country: Micronesia
Document: Updated NDC

In 2021, the US Federal Aviation Authority approved a $37 million grant to rehabilitate the airport in Yap. Similar funding will also be sought for such improvements at the other FSM airports. This effort will be bolstered by the EU-funded AW-REP described above, under which the FSM Department of Resources & Development will coordinate the development of a comprehensive national Transport Master Plan and State Action Plans. The AW-REP is also intended to kickstart the transition to electric-powered transport across the Federation in the next 5-10 years.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: This effort will be bolstered by the EU-funded AW-REP described above, under which the FSM Department of Resources & Development will coordinate the development of a comprehensive national Transport Master Plan and State Action Plans. The AW-REP is also intended to kickstart the transition to electric-powered transport across the Federation in the next 5-10 years.
Country: Bhutan
Document: 1st NDC

However international support will be essential to ensure success in implementing the strategies, plans and actions for low GHG development. Strategies, plans and actions for low GHG emission development While the basis of our mitigation efforts rests on conserving our forests as carbon sinks, managing the growing emissions as a result of economic development will be through priority strategies, plans and actions for mitigation to support a low emission development pathway. These plans and priority actions, listed below, are based on the National Environment Protection Act, National Strategy and Action Plan for Low Carbon Development (2012), Economic Development Policy (2010 and draft 2015), Bhutan Transport 2040: Integrated Strategic Vision, National Forest Policy, and other sectoral plans and strategies.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: Bhutan Transport 2040: Integrated Strategic Vision
Country: Bhutan
Document: 1st NDC

These plans and priority actions, listed below, are based on the National Environment Protection Act, National Strategy and Action Plan for Low Carbon Development (2012), Economic Development Policy (2010 and draft 2015), Bhutan Transport 2040: Integrated Strategic Vision, National Forest Policy, and other sectoral plans and strategies. The gases covered include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide as they were shown to be the priority gases in our second national communication. 1.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: Bhutan Transport 2040: Integrated Strategic Vision
Country: Georgia
Document: 1st NDC

They are expected to be a basis for subsequent larger-scale mitigation actions for the post-2020 period. These NAMA activities include: Gender-sensitive NAMA for sustainable energy in rural areas; NAMA for Low Carbon Buildings in Georgia; Vertically Integrated NAMA (V-NAMA) for the Urban Transport Sector. All above mentioned pre-2020 mitigation actions have been taken into account while calculating the BAU scenario. % of Emissions Covered Planning Process Georgia will support its mitigation target with comprehensive national climate change policy. The first step will be the finalization of the LEDS.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: Vertically Integrated NAMA (V-NAMA) for the Urban Transport Sector
Country: Samoa
Document: 1st NDC

The transport sector which has the highest sectoral emissions in particular has a regulation in place to restrict emissions from vehicles to a certain level. However enforcement has not been possible due to a lack of technical capacity, technological capacity and financial resources. Enforcement of this regulation will have significant impact on reducing emissions from this sector. 4 The Samoa National Adaptation Programme of Action, 2005 (NAPA) was developed to identify key sectors with immediate adaption needs.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: The Samoa National Adaptation Programme of Action, 2005 (NAPA)
Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Document: 1st NDC

Further coordination with the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, as the institution responsible for climate change, is required, as well as appropriate harmonization of the strategic and legislative solutions in the energy field with the strategic and legislative solutions for climate action. In order to identify specific mitigation policies and measures, the following documents have been taken into consideration: - Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Strategy - Strategy on Renewable Energy Sources - The Program for Implementation of the Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Action Plan - Action Plan on Renewable Energy Sources - Transport Sector Strategy - Pre-accession Economic Program - Program of the Government of the Republic of Macedonia - The Third National Communication on Climate Change - First Biennial Update Report on Climate Change Roles of the stakeholders Consultations took place at technical meetings (with senior representatives of line ministries and appointed contact persons) and at topical workshops with all stakeholders.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: Transport Sector Strategy
Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Document: 1st NDC

In order to identify specific mitigation policies and measures, the following documents have been taken into consideration: - Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Strategy - Strategy on Renewable Energy Sources - The Program for Implementation of the Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Action Plan - Action Plan on Renewable Energy Sources - Transport Sector Strategy - Pre-accession Economic Program - Program of the Government of the Republic of Macedonia - The Third National Communication on Climate Change - First Biennial Update Report on Climate Change Roles of the stakeholders Consultations took place at technical meetings (with senior representatives of line ministries and appointed contact persons) and at topical workshops with all stakeholders. Workshops were held on the following topics: - Identification and validation of possible mitigation policies and measures in the target sectors in agreement with the sector policies and planning documents, as well as with the European Policy on Climate and Energy - Discussion about and validation of the assumptions used for the modelling of the identified policies and measures in line with the sector policies and planning documents as well as with the European Policy on Climate and Energy - Prioritization of identified measures and providing directions for development of mitigation scenarios with existing and with additional measuresEquity and ambition (comparison with other European countries) emissions per GDP Year OECD Europe Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Мacedonia WOM Мacedonia WEM Маcedonia WAM Emissions kg CO2 emissions per GDP of the Republic of Macedonia are similar to the figures of Bulgaria and Estonia.

Question: What development of national plans are planned?
Answer: Transport Sector Strategy
Country: Austria
Document: LTS

Increase in the production of renewable energy (bioenergy, water, wind, solar) by 60% from 2020 to 2030. Increase of primary energy generation from renewable sources to 49–67% by 2050. Change in land use to meet the competing demands of housing development, food production, livestock farming, bioenergy, biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Industry emissions are 70–90% lower in 2050 than in 2010. Substantial emission reductions need to be achieved for transport and buildings by 2050. This will be achieved through technical measures (such as increased energy efficiency and electrification) as well as through lifestyle changes that lead to reduced energy consumption (such as using bicycles and walking).

Question: What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
Answer: lifestyle changes that lead to reduced energy consumption (such as using bicycles and walking).
Country: Austria
Document: LTS

This will be achieved through technical measures (such as increased energy efficiency and electrification) as well as through lifestyle changes that lead to reduced energy consumption (such as using bicycles and walking). Even a 1.5°C global temperature increase would have serious consequences, such as: More extreme weather events (such as heat waves, heavy precipitation, and extreme droughts). Negative impacts on ecosystems (up to extinction of species) and in the areas of healthcare, drinking water supply, and food production. A substantial and irreversible rise in the sea level. The effects of climate change on sustainable development, on efforts to eradicate poverty and inequality can be reduced if we limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C instead of 2°C.

Question: What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
Answer: lifestyle changes that lead to reduced energy consumption (such as using bicycles and walking).
Country: Austria
Document: LTS

This is to be supplemented by the “creation of suitable economic conditions and target-group specific offerings and measures for freight and passenger traffic”14 together with a supportive legislative framework as a “central requirement for attaining a sustainable and decarbonised 2.4.3.4 Fields of action 2.4.3.4.1 A holistic approach for the transformation of the transport sector The transformation of the transport sector towards decarbonisation can only succeed through a holistic approach16 and an increased level of environmental awareness among all actors involved. In addition to technological innovations and improvements on the supply side, this holistic approach must also include measures on the demand side and behavioural changes and make optimum use of synergies between them.

Question: What are the impacts of education and behavior changes?
Answer: this holistic approach must also include measures on the demand side and behavioural changes and make optimum use of synergies between them