alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Bangladesh
Document: Updated NDC

Table 6: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in Energy Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million Unconditional Conditional Implementation of energy efficient coal power plant 9905 13204 Implementation of renewable energy projects Grid connected Solar 1208 1845 solar mini grid 260.5 260.5 Implement re-powering of old power plant 561.5 561.5 Installation of prepaid electricity meter 870 1305 Implementation of EECMP targets 1500 1500 Transport Plan Preparation, policy initiatives and ITS 70 500 Implementation of MRT and BRT 4200 12470 Multi modal Hub development 800 200 Widening of roads, improving road quality and Construct NMT and bicycle lanes Construction of Expressways 1000 Establish charging station network and electric buses in major cities Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway Electrification of railway system and double track construction Improved and enhanced Inland Water Transport 3000 10000 Implementation of solar irrigation pumps 0.4 420.8 Installation of prepaid gas meter 1397 5588.5 Phasing out HCFCs 2AFOLU Sector The cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the AFOLU sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 7. Table 7: Estimated cost of key mitigation measures in AFOLU Mitigation Measure Estimated investment required (million USD, Unconditional Conditional Implement AWD in dry season rice field 17.65 35.29 Fertilizer Management (deep placement in rice Bring More Area under pulse cultivation 5.29 0.00 Replacement of low-productive animals with high- producing crossbred cattle 8.15 16.29 Feed improvement (Use of balanced diet and Improve manure management (promotion of mini biogas plants, maintenance, training and Forestry related Activities 500 2000 Waste Sector In the Waste Sector, the cost estimate for the implementation of Key mitigations measures in the energy sector under the unconditional and conditional scenario is outlined in table 8.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Purchase of modern rolling stock and signaling system for railway
Country: Burkina Faso
Document: Updated NDC

Projet de construction de 3 centrales solaires photovoltaïques à vocation régionale d’une puissance cumulée de 300 MWc dont 150 MWc dans une première phase (Kaya 1 et Koupéla 2). Projet de déploiement de cinquante mille (50 000) kits solaires de type Solar Home System 2 (SHS2) (60 Wc)au profit des ménages au Burkina Faso. Projet de construction d’une centrale thermique à biomasse- déchets de 10 MW à Ouagadougou.v Secteur Scénario Action/Projet Coût(USD) Transport Inconditionnel Projet d appui à la modernisation du secteur des transports (PAMOSET-FC) composante " Mise en place d un système de renouvellement pérenne du parc". Projet de réalisation de l’interconnexion ferroviaire Accra- Ouagadougou. Conditionnel Projet de réhabilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Frontière Côte d’Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya. Projet de construction du chemin de fer Kaya-Frontière Niger.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Projet de réhabilitation de la ligne ferroviaire Frontière Côte d’Ivoire-Ouaga-Kaya.
Country: Cambodia
Document: Updated NDC

Reduce traffic accident, injury and fatality 3. reduce air pollution 4. reduce GHG emission5. innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals’ production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP “Good Animals Health Practice” enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s livelihoodCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 17 Summary of the SDG assessment of adaptation actions Adaptation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Agriculture Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang NCDD a) Climate Change mitigation as the project considering of low-carbon agricultural technology b) Improved new management approach in agroecosystem c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation
Country: Cambodia
Document: Updated NDC

innovate technology E-mobility MPWT Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation MPWT Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train MPWT Agriculture Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) MAFF Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion Organic input agriculture and bio-slurry; and deep placement fertilizer technology MAFF Reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization, contribution to mitigate the greenhouse gases, reduce production cost and pollution, and soil improvementCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Mitigation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Promote fodder production to improve high nutrient rich and high-quality forage feed value agriculture by-products technology to support cattle production MAFF Increase soil organic carbon, Enhanced adoption by farmers of improved fodder technology has significantly increased animals’ production and household income Promote manure Management through compost making process to reduce carbon emission MAFF Increase GAHP “Good Animals Health Practice” enhanced adoption by improving animal farms and slaughterhouses; household Seedlings distribute to public and local community MAFF Contributing forest cover, promote CF livelihoods, and cultural Forestry FOLU: Reduce 50% of historical emission by REDD+ Technical Secretariat (RTS) Combating the climate change and promoting people s livelihoodCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Table 17 Summary of the SDG assessment of adaptation actions Adaptation action Ministry Co-benefits (environmental, social, adaptation) SDG contribution Agriculture Towards an Agroecological transition in the uplands of Battambang NCDD a) Climate Change mitigation as the project considering of low-carbon agricultural technology b) Improved new management approach in agroecosystem c) NCDD will also implement ESS, Gender, M&E along with climate actions according to GCF standards Development of Rice crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF Promote climate-friendly Agri- business rice value chain and profit in rice production value chains. Mitigating impact of rice farming on environment Development of Horticulture and other food crops for increase production, improved quality-safety; harvesting and post harvesting technique and agro-business enhancement MAFF 47.1% of youth who involved in agriculture sectors, will be provided capacity development, technology transfer in various form of sustainable agriculture including Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) and Good Agriculture Practice (GAP).

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation
Country: Cambodia
Document: Updated NDC

Lack of experts and staffs need to be trained. 31 E-mobility Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) vehicles(battery vehicle) are registered by 2020; 32 Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 33 Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train Transport Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) 34 Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture) Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) National Action Program to combat land NA Battambang ; Preah Vihea and Kampong Cham Provinces Sustainable land management, reduce emission from burned agriculture residue, protect soil from erosion USD 24,963,000 Reduce emission and soil erosion, increase soil organic carbon andvicrop yield Conservation agriculture; Minimum tillage, mulching with crop residue, and crop rotation; legum growing; Encourage the participation of womenCambodia’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) No.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation
Country: Germany
Document: LTS

New technological developments in bus and rail trans- port and further integration of transport services will continue to be funded. Rail transport The German government is developing a concept for rail transport 2030/2050 to ensure that the potential for shifting road traffic onto the railways is fully ex- ploited. In this context, the possibility of introducing network-wide coordination of connections between mainline and local rail passenger transport will be considered. The extent to which accelerating work to upgrade infrastructure can shift freight transport onto the railways is also being explored (including control command and signalling technology and combined transport terminals).

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: The extent to which accelerating work to upgrade infrastructure can shift freight transport onto the railways is also being explored (including control command and signalling technology and combined transport terminals).
Country: Germany
Document: LTS

The extent to which accelerating work to upgrade infrastructure can shift freight transport onto the railways is also being explored (including control command and signalling technology and combined transport terminals). Cycling and walking The German government intends to continue to up- date the National Cycle Paths Plan (NRVP) beyond 2020 and in this context support local authorities by creating an appropriate regulatory framework and financial funding for specific activities to boost cycling as a means of transport. Within the possibilities pro- vided for by the law, government and non-government actors involved in promoting cycling as a means of transport will receive continued support, for example by implementing integrated model projects to trial in- novative measures.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: The extent to which accelerating work to upgrade infrastructure can shift freight transport onto the railways is also being explored (including control command and signalling technology and combined transport terminals).
Country: Japan
Document: Archived LTS

The Government will also create an environment in which human resources and suppliers are trained based on collaboration between companies and between the industry and academia. b. Road and traffic systems The Government will make efforts, while recognizing the induced and converted traffic arising from road development, to ensure the smart use of roads such as the improvement of ring roads and other arterial road networks, which also help reduce CO2 emissions, and pinpoint measures to reduce traffic bottlenecks based on scientific data such as the big-data gathered with ETC2.0 and AI camera. The Government will also pursue the possibility of CO2 emissions reduction through the promotion of area-wide measures including price based measures for adjusting traffic demand by utilizing the ICT and AI at tourist spots.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: The Government will make efforts, while recognizing the induced and converted traffic arising from road development, to ensure the smart use of roads such as the improvement of ring roads and other arterial road networks, which also help reduce CO2 emissions, and pinpoint measures to reduce traffic bottlenecks based on scientific data such as the big-data gathered with ETC2.0 and AI camera.
Country: Liberia
Document: 1st NDC

Mainstream climate change into existing transport management plan to strengthen emission control. 2. Strengthen institutional capacity for developing strategies for integrated transport services; developing technical and safety standards and the enforcement of policies including emission control. 3. Improve the quality and reliability of transport infrastructure and services. 4. Develop emission reduction and tracking system of pollutants from vehicles. 5. Blend up to 5% of palm oil biodiesel with both gasoline and diesel by 2030 for vehicles.II. ADAPTATION Impacts and Vulnerability Vulnerability and adaptation assessments conducted have revealed that Liberia is faced with climate change and variability leading to extreme events, which have negative impact on agriculture, forestry, health, energy and other sectors. Climate change impacts are marked by irregular patterns of rainfall, flooding, high temperature, and coastal erosion.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Improve the quality and reliability of transport infrastructure and services
Country: Mongolia
Document: 1st NDC

Reduce building heat loss by 20% by 2020 and by 40% by 2030, compared to 2014 levels. Reduce internal energy use of Combined Heat and Power plants (improved plant efficiency) from 14.4% in 2014 to 11.2% by 2020 and 9.14% by 2030. Implement advanced technology in energy production such as super critical pressure coal combustion technology by 2030. Energy (Transport) Improve national paved road network. Upgrading/Paving 8000 km by 2016, 11000 km by 2021. National Action Programme on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2011; Urban public transport investment Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), 2010; Mid- term new development Improve Ulaanbaatar city road network to decrease all traffic by 30-40% by 2023. Increase the share of private hybrid road vehicles from approximately 6.5% in 2014 to approximately 13% by 2030.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Improve Ulaanbaatar city road network to decrease all traffic by 30-40% by 2023
Country: Myanmar
Document: Updated NDC

Old diesel locomotive engines continue to be used, with diesel consumptions around 900,000 gallons a month. Myanmar is in the process of upgrading its existing network of 6100 km, including expanding railway lines across the country. Current upgrades will use electric-diesel hybrid locomotives which are 50% more efficient than existing locomotives, and so use less fossil fuel. The railway network will play a key role in Urban MRT in Myanmar as more trains will be introduced. High speed trains and monorails are also planned to depend on feasibility studies and ensuring social and environmental standards are met, including designing wildlife friendly infrastructure. Myanmar thus seeks international technical and financial assistance in combinations of grants and concessional loans to develop the railway sector.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: High speed trains and monorails are also planned to depend on feasibility studies and ensuring social and environmental standards are met, including designing wildlife friendly infrastructure.
Country: Netherlands
Document: LTS

Furthermore, industry will contribute to the transition of other parties, such as by introducing a buffer in the energy system, providing heating for the built environment and producing sustainable fuels. The government will also investigate how (including by way of carbon accounting) the supply chain impact of circular measures, such as recycling and the use of biobased and other raw materials, can be identified and how this can be integrated into policy. Mobility The mobility measures will contribute to bringing about the fundamental but necessary change to the ways of transporting persons and goods. Efforts will concentrate on reducing car use by making alternative modes of transport more attractive. Another point for attention is to increase the availability of emission-free energy sources.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Efforts will concentrate on reducing car use by making alternative modes of transport more attractive.
Country: New Zealand
Document: LTS

We are looking to amend current legislation (the Road User Charges Act 2012) to expand the duration of the exemption and bring in differential charging based on fuel or emissions ► decarbonising public transport to reduce emissions and improve air quality in towns and cities. We have committed to requiring only zero-emissions public transport buses to be purchased by 2025, and to a target of decarbonising the public transport bus fleet by 2035 ► the New Zealand Rail Plan, which lays out a 10-year vision to increase investment and resilience in the rail network Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategy► coastal shipping investment, which allocates $30–45 million from the National Land Transport Fund to identify opportunities for coastal shipping and promote a shift to this lower- emissions mode ► acceding to Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL).

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: the New Zealand Rail Plan, which lays out a 10-year vision to increase investment and resilience in the rail network
Country: New Zealand
Document: LTS

We have committed to requiring only zero-emissions public transport buses to be purchased by 2025, and to a target of decarbonising the public transport bus fleet by 2035 ► the New Zealand Rail Plan, which lays out a 10-year vision to increase investment and resilience in the rail network Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategy► coastal shipping investment, which allocates $30–45 million from the National Land Transport Fund to identify opportunities for coastal shipping and promote a shift to this lower- emissions mode ► acceding to Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). Aotearoa will ratify this in 2022 and apply new measures to reduce ship emissions.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: the New Zealand Rail Plan, which lays out a 10-year vision to increase investment and resilience in the rail network
Country: New Zealand
Document: LTS

We will also take opportunities to improve the wellbeing of New Zealanders. Actions include: ► reducing reliance on cars and supporting people to walk, cycle and use public transport ► rapidly adopting EVs (and low-emission fuels) ► decarbonising heavy transport and freight. Aotearoa New Zealand s long-term low-emissions development strategy 47CONTRIBUTION TO OUR LONG-TERM VISION Aotearoa has a highly renewable, net-zero emissions energy system. Energy is accessible and affordable and supports the wellbeing of all New Zealanders. Energy supply is secure, resilient and reliable. Energy systems support economic development and productivity growth that align with the transition to a low-emissions future. State of play The energy and industry sectors are essential for the economy and the lives of New Zealanders. They provide electricity to light and heat homes and workplaces, and the heat that powers manufacturing and industry.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: reducing reliance on cars and supporting people to walk, cycle and use public transport
Country: Nigeria
Document: 1st NDC

Oil and Gas o Improved enforcement of gas flaring restrictions o Development of Gas-to-Power Plants at Gas Flare Sites (micro grid) o Blending 10% by volume of Fuel-Ethanol with Gasoline (E10) and 20% by volume of Biodiesel with Petroleum Diesel (B20) for Transportation Fuels. 3. Agriculture and Land Use o Climate Smart Agriculture o Stop using charcoal o Benchmarking against international best practice for industrial energy usage o Adoption of green technology in industry o Modal shift from air to high speed rail o Moving freight to rail o Upgrading roads o Urban transito Toll roads/ road pricing o Increasing use of CNG o Reform petrol/ diesel subsidies The portfolio of policies and measures by sector are described in more detail below. A brief problem statement for each sector precedes them.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: Upgrading roads
Country: Nigeria
Document: LTS

It is targeted at reducing GHG emissions by about 4MtCO2e by year by 2030, whereas the projected rise in emissions is projected at over 25times of that value. This obviously is not an adequate target for country that intends to be carbon neutral by 2050.The national transport policy also seeks to expand rail infrastructure, improve road construction and maintenance as well expand urban collective transportation, among other pursuits These are all important elements in a green transportation strategy that will require the institutionalization of appropriate behavioural and social modifications among Nigerians as well as the development of technological capacities in the area of clean technologies such as zero emission vehicles (ZEVs).

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: improve road construction and maintenance
Country: Nigeria
Document: LTS

This obviously is not an adequate target for country that intends to be carbon neutral by 2050.The national transport policy also seeks to expand rail infrastructure, improve road construction and maintenance as well expand urban collective transportation, among other pursuits These are all important elements in a green transportation strategy that will require the institutionalization of appropriate behavioural and social modifications among Nigerians as well as the development of technological capacities in the area of clean technologies such as zero emission vehicles (ZEVs). It will also require the adoption of integrated land use and transportation systems that will connect housing, jobs, schools, and communities through a variety of integrated low-carbon mobility solutions.

Question: What infrastructure improvement actities are planned?
Answer: improve road construction and maintenance