alessio-vertemati/ikitracs-qa huggingface dataset:
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

The general guide to the selection of adaptation indicators has considered the following factors as critical: • Differentiate between climate change related issues and business-as-usual development. Climate change has been taken seriously in Rwanda as evidenced by the policy prescriptions including Vision 2050, NST and the GGCRS and the regional and global programs to which Rwanda subscribes including NDC, Africa Agenda 2063 and the SDGs. However, significant gaps have been equally evident in how climate change actions in these programs are prioritised for financing that is essential for implementation.70 GREEN RWANDA The global climate financing agencies often create artificial divisions between climate change and development.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

This section provides an overview of these means of implementation. 8.1 Finance needs As part of the NDC revision process, extensive analysis and consultations with sector experts were undertaken to produce conditional and unconditional cost estimates for the mitigation and adaptation measures through 2025 and 2030. The total estimated cost for Rwanda’s identified NDC mitigation measures through 2030 is estimated at around 5.7 billion USD, and over 5.3 billion USD for adaptation priorities, representing a combined funding requirement of around 11 billion USD. The table below summarises the estimated funding needs over the two periods. For both mitigation and adaptation combined, it can be seen that unconditional measures account for around 40% of the total estimated funding requirements, and conditional measures around 60%.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

The consultations undertaken through the NDC revision process have created momentum for ongoing engagement. It is important to recognize that technical knowledge resides with sector specialists and any capacity building and effective application of technology for mainstreaming climate change must draw from that experience and facilitate cross learning among climate change experts and subject matter experts from sectors. It is imperative that this harmony/coherence is continually utilized to guide successful mainstreaming of climate change into sector priorities building on existing country driven policy mechanisms and institutional arrangements. 8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation Rwanda’s NDC is based on and aligned with several existing national policies.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

8.3 Policy mechanisms and Institutional arrangements as a means of effective NDC implementation Rwanda’s NDC is based on and aligned with several existing national policies. The country’s NDC was developed from the Green Growth and Climate Resilient Strategy (GGCRS) (2011), which has also been integrated into District Development Plans and sector strategic plans. The GGCRS is also embedded in the recently developed National Strategy for Transformation (NST) (2017 – 2024), and Rwanda’s 7-year Government Program. The NST is a high-levelUPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION planning policy that frames the country’s subsequent local government and sector plans and includes specific projects or actions surrounding three pillars for economic, social and governance transformation.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

Evaluation of the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy (GGCRS) Implementation, Evaluation report. Kigali: MoE. MoE, 2019. National Environmental and climate change policy. Kigali: MoE. Muhire, I. and Ahmed, F., 2015. Spatio-temporal trend analysis of precipitation data over Rwanda. South African Geographical Journal, 97(1): 50-68. Muhire, I. and Ahmed, F., (2016). Spatio-temporal trends in mean temperatures and aridity index over Rwanda. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 123: 399-414. National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), 2011. Rwanda statistical yearbook 2011, NISR Kigali- Rwanda. NISR, 2014. Rwanda statistical yearbook 2014, NISR Kigali-Rwanda NISR, 2017. Formal External Trade in Goods Statistics report (Q4, 2017) NISR, (2018), Formal external trade in Goods report (January 2018) NISR, 2018. Rwanda statistical yearbook 2018, NISR Kigali-Rwanda Rwanda Energy Group (REG), 2019.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Human Development Report 2019: Rwanda. See: World Bank, 2019. Rwanda overview. Updated 30 September 2019. See: country/rwanda/overview78 GREEN RWANDA Annex A – Indicators for tracking NDC Implementation A high-level framework of progress indicators has been developed for use in tracking and reporting on implementation of the NDC mitigation component, consistent with the MRV requirements of the UNFCCC and Paris Rulebook. A series of MRV tables are shown below, enabling for monitoring of GHG emissions as well as the effectiveness of mitigation measures within each sector. Indicators are proposed which monitor both the emissions and also non-GHG indicators of progress linked, closely to each of the mitigation actions within each of the key emitting sectors.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Rwanda
Document: Updated NDC

NISR, EICV Proportion of land surface covered by forest [Forest cover]. This excludes agro-forestry area. RWFA, Forestry department-GIS Report {FMES : IND005} Percentage of extreme weather events for which advance warning was provided at least 30 min in advance Rwanda Meteo, Quarterly high impact weather report Total amount of finance mobilized for Green Investments (by major category – Climate Change mitigation; Green Energy production etc.) MOUs and MINECOFIN Reports - Soil erosion and soil loss (To be further elaborated and confirmed) RWFA/IWRM - Ha of crops under insurance (To be further elaborated and confirmed) MINAGRI The table below presents the high-level indicators for the proposed reporting arrangements highlighting the source documents (References) that provide information on metadata for the selected indicators. The code classification and sources referenced from the RBME, for which MoE is the custodian.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 3
Country: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Document: Updated NDC

St. Kitts and Nevis requires international support to achieve its CO2 emissions reduction target as well as to implement adaptation measures reducing the risks of climate change, and address loss and damage that is already being experienced and is projected to increase.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 2 Mitigation The largest source of national greenhouse gas emissions is burning of diesel for electricity generation, followed by gasoline consumption for transportation, at approximately 60% and 30% respectively. The release of carbon monoxide from residual crops in the AFOLU sector is also a significant contributor of emissions. The remaining CO2 emissions come from the consumption of kerosene, lubricants, and other oils. Power generation released 156 GgCO2 e in St. Kitts and Nevis in 2020.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Document: Updated NDC

Power generation released 156 GgCO2 e in St. Kitts and Nevis in 2020. 95% of electricity is generated through diesel power plants, with approximately 3% (2.2 MW) coming from wind and approximately 2% from solar (1.5 MW) for a total of 5.6%. St. Kitts and Nevis is committed to reducing its emissions and limiting the average global temperature rise to 1.5° C. In the first NDC, St. Kitts and Nevis proposed a CO2 emissions reduction target of 22% by 2025 and 35% by 2030 compared to the business-as-usual scenario, decreasing economy-wide emissions to 529 GgCO2 respectively. The first NDC covered all economic sectors, but special attention as given to the power generation and transportation sectors because they had the highest CO2 emissions reduction potential.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Document: Updated NDC

St. Kitts and Nevis’ first NDC pledged to decrease emissions by 35% against a business-as-usual scenario. However, based on observations over the past 5 years, this business-as-usual scenario was overestimating GDP growth and carbon intensity of the economy. In consequence, the proposed target of 35% reduction by 2030 against the BAU in the first NDC would effectively have resulted in a 115% increase in emissions compared to 2010. In absolute terms, the first NDC proposed a target emission of no more than 529 GgCO2 e, while this revised NDC proposes to reduce emissions to 124 GgCO2 e. The base year 2010’s e excluding forestry. This emissions reduction largely comes from the energy sector, namely from power generation and transportation, which emit the largest share of GHG emissions in the country.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Document: Updated NDC

Dry conditions that are projected will likely make rain-fed agriculture difficult and increase food insecurity. Decreased availability and competition for freshwater will likely increase water insecurity, leading to water shortages and increased rationing of water. Projections also indicate an increase in extreme rainfall intensity and increased severity of flash floods. Beyond the economic damages to infrastructure associated with flooding, loss and damage in the health sector may also increase. Vector-borne diseases such as dengue andRevised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 15 chikungunya as well as water-borne diseases may increase in frequency. Mental health issues related to trauma of extreme events – including tropical cyclones and flooding- may also increase, along with loss of social cohesion in the aftermath of disasters.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Document: Updated NDC

The mitigation measures considered in the indicative cost to achieve the target for 2030 for this NDC are listed in Table 4. Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Document: Updated NDC

Table 4: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Mitigation measures Mitigation Measure Estimated Budget (USD) 35.7 MW of utility-scale solar PV capacity for Saint Kitts $70,000,0001 6.6 MW of wind power capacity in Saint Kitts $19,000,000 25 MW of geothermal power capacity (10 MW in Nevis and 15 MW in St. Kitts) Improvement in transmission and distribution lines to reduce losses in both islands Two solar PV plants of 0.75 MW each to supply two desalination plants $6,000,000 5% reduction in the power demand by introducing Solar Water Heaters $20,000,000 Penetration of EVs reaching 2% of the vehicle fleet $15,000,000 1 Excluded from the indicative NDC costs of 637 million USD as the plant is already being constructed and financed by a private party with an expected commercial operation date in 2023.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 18 In addition to funding, adequate infrastructure, knowledge, and a conducive policy framework need to be in place to prepare for the interventions, especially for an increase in EVs on the islands. Though the country is small and home and office charging options should be sufficient for ordinary travel purposes, a sufficiently dense network of charging ports is needed to overcome psychological barriers like range anxiety, and to increase the visibility of EVs.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Document: Updated NDC

Indicative budgets for implementation of the priority adaptation programs are listed in Table 5. Additional funding and support are needed for the full range of adaptation measures that have been identified by St. Kitts and Nevis to respond to the impacts of climate change, including support and capacity building for monitoring and evaluation of adaptation.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 19 Table 5: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Adaptation for Priority Programs of Action Program of Action Estimated Budget (USD) Inter-sectoral coordination and stakeholder capacity building $755,000 Information management, research and M&E for decision-making $8,000,000 Climate smart agriculture $14,230,000 Integrated water resources management $70,850,0002 Climate change and disease prevention $4,950,000 Integrated coastal zone management $12,900,000 Climate proofing tourism $15,450,000 Given the projected increases in loss and damage for St. Kitts and Nevis, support is required to avert, minimize and address loss and damage.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Document: Updated NDC

Additional funding and support are needed for the full range of adaptation measures that have been identified by St. Kitts and Nevis to respond to the impacts of climate change, including support and capacity building for monitoring and evaluation of adaptation.Revised Nationally Determined Contribution of St. Kitts and Nevis 19 Table 5: Indicative Financial Support Needed to Implement Adaptation for Priority Programs of Action Program of Action Estimated Budget (USD) Inter-sectoral coordination and stakeholder capacity building $755,000 Information management, research and M&E for decision-making $8,000,000 Climate smart agriculture $14,230,000 Integrated water resources management $70,850,0002 Climate change and disease prevention $4,950,000 Integrated coastal zone management $12,900,000 Climate proofing tourism $15,450,000 Given the projected increases in loss and damage for St. Kitts and Nevis, support is required to avert, minimize and address loss and damage. Averting loss and damage can be supported through mitigation efforts on the global scale to limit global average warming to 1.5C and through support for national mitigation efforts.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Document: Updated NDC

These unprecedented threats are compounded by a limited capacity to forecast climate hazards. Climate data in the Caribbean face challenges related to a lack of sufficient weather and climatological stations, automated reporting of weather stations, and monitoring of critical variables for long timescales of 30 years or more. Economy: St. Kitts and Nevis is classified as a high-income country and had a GDP of USD 1.053 billion in 2019 (World Bank). The country has continued to make strides in economic progress. Between 2015 and 2019 the nation’s GDP per capita increased from US $18,000 to US $19,000. This economic advancement comes despite major setbacks by disasters including hurricanes Maria and Irma in September 2017, and the strongest El Niño event from 2014 to 2016 in the past century.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 15
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

South Sudan has come a long way since it published its first NDC with the development of its detailed greenhouse gas inventory (published in its National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), the establishment of its National Adaptation Programme of Action, and the development of other climate-related sectoral plans and policies. In addition to these elements, South Sudan, as part of this NDC revision process, has also carried out a detailed science-based metabolic and circularity assessment to inform its revised climate-related strategies. All of this progress is presented in detail in this document. South Sudan, through this second NDC, reiterates its commitment to the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, while making efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 1.5
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

South Sudan, through this second NDC, reiterates its commitment to the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, while making efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. It details how South Sudan has significantly increased its climate ambition of reducing emissions across its sectors by 109.87 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent while sequestering an additional 45.06 million tonnes by 2030. As part of South Sudan’s increased ambition, this second NDC has also increased the country’s sectoral coverage, and instituted additional mitigation and adaptation measures in sectors that were included in the first NDC.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 1.5
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

These are as follows:18 Second Nationally Determined Contribution SECTORAL STRATEGIES After finalizing the sectors to be included in the NDC, a detailed assessment of each sector was conducted. This assessment, along with the outputs of the material flow analysis, was used to develop mitigation and adaptation strategies for each individual sector. The timeframe that will be required for implementation of NDC strategies was also determined. The proposed sectoral strategies, if implemented, will move South Sudan onto an ambitious decarbonization pathway compatible with the Paris Agreement’s goal of holding global temperature rise to well below 2°C, with efforts to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre- industrial levels. The table below summarizes the emission reduction pathway and estimated potential of emission reduction for each of the 10 mitigation sectors.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 1.5
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

While the country’s key suppliers are China, Uganda, Kenya, the Netherlands, Thailand, Pakistan, the United States of America and Germany, it primarily exports goods to China, Pakistan, India, the United Arab Emirates, Uganda and Germany. • Exports: The top exports of South Sudan are crude petroleum ($1.63 billion), forage crops ($32.1 million), raw cotton ($13.8 million), gold ($12.4 million) and dried legumes ($9.98 million), exported mainly to China ($1.59 billion), Figure 8: Sector briefs Agriculture • Area: Out of the 30 million hectares of arable land, only less than 5 percent is under cultivation • According to FAO and WFP data, only 2.6 percent of agriculture land accounted for cereals production in 2017, with five states accounting for 70 percent of country’s cropland are Upper Nile (19%); Warrap (15%), Jonglei (14%), Western Equatoria (11%), and Central Equatoria (11%).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 1.5
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

• Exports: The top exports of South Sudan are crude petroleum ($1.63 billion), forage crops ($32.1 million), raw cotton ($13.8 million), gold ($12.4 million) and dried legumes ($9.98 million), exported mainly to China ($1.59 billion), Figure 8: Sector briefs Agriculture • Area: Out of the 30 million hectares of arable land, only less than 5 percent is under cultivation • According to FAO and WFP data, only 2.6 percent of agriculture land accounted for cereals production in 2017, with five states accounting for 70 percent of country’s cropland are Upper Nile (19%); Warrap (15%), Jonglei (14%), Western Equatoria (11%), and Central Equatoria (11%). The livelihood zones of South Sudan are presented in the picture below: Livelihood zones of South Sudan1 • Key crops: With diverse soil and climatic conditions, the country produces various crops including sorghum, maize, rice, cassava, sesame, beans, fruits and vegetables, as well as coffee, tea, cotton and sugar cane1.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 1.5
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

This illustrates that while the agricultural sector is the biggest contributor to South Sudan’s territorial emissions (emissions from domestic processes), other economic sectors have significant amounts of embedded emissions (emissions that occur in other countries and are associated with imported goods), which contribute to South Sudan’s overall GHG emissions footprint. 4.5 CIRCULAR OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOUTH SUDAN Making an economy circular is key if the world is to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. In this regard, the agendas of circular and low-carbon economies are complementary in nature and mutually supportive. Making economies circular helps reduce high rates of material extraction, manage existing and future stocks, and increase levels of end-of-use processing and recycling (Circle Economy, 2020).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 1.5
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

Under this scenario, emissions from the agriculture sector rise by 34 percent to 35.6 million tCO e by 2030 compared to 2012. This emission trajectory has been sourced from South Sudan’s Initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (South Sudan Ministry of Environment, 2018). Emission reduction scenario: The emission reduction scenario represents the decarbonization pathway that South Sudan will have to follow until 2030 to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5ºC. This scenario aims to reduce agriculture production emissions by 18 percent from 2017 levels by 2030, in line with the World Resources Institute emission reduction estimates for sub-Saharan Africa (Lebling et al., 2020).

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 1.5
Country: South Sudan
Document: 2nd NDC

The baseline scenario represents a case of no action, i.e., the government will not implement a policy to reduce the current rate of deforestation in South Sudan. Hence, the scenario assumes that 2 percent of the forest area will be deforested annually. Under this scenario, more than 40,000 square kilometres of forest area would be lost by 2030, resulting in a loss of GHG sequestration potential of 38 million tCO e (Figure 29). Emission sequestration scenario: The emission reduction scenario represents a decarbonization pathway that South Sudan will have to follow till 2030 to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5ºC. The emission sequestration scenario targets a 70 percent reduction in deforested area in South Sudan by 2030 compared to 2019 levels.

Question: What is the investment for transport (in million USD)?
Answer: 1.5