Linking dei contenuti multimediali tra ontologie multilingui: i verbi di azione tra IMAGACT e BabelNet
Authors: Lorenzo Gregori, Andrea Amelio Ravelli, Alessandro Panunzi (Università di Firenze, 2015)
Topic: Lexical and Semantic Resources and Analysis

Abstract
The study presented here concerns the link between two multilingual and multimedia resources, BabelNet and IMAGACT. In particular, the linking experiment has as its object the videos of the ontology of the IMAGACT action and the respective verbal lexical entries of BabelNet. The task was executed through an algorithm that operates on the basis of the lexical information present in the two resources. Linking results show that it is possible to make an extensive link between the two ontologies. Such a link is desirable in the sense of providing a rich and multimedia database for complex deambiguation tasks of the reference of the action verbs and automatic and assisted translation of the phrases containing them.

Introduction
Ontologies are widely used tools to represent linguistic resources on the web and make them exploitable by methods of automatic processing of natural language. The availability of shared formal languages, such as RDF and OWL, and the development of high-level ontologies, such as lemon (McCrae et al., 2011), are leading to a unified methodology for publishing language resources in the form of open data2. The representation of information through ontologies is not sufficient for the construction of the semantic network that is the basis of the new web paradigms. The interconnection of information and, consequently, the mapping and linking between different ontologies become essential aspects for access to knowledge and its enrichment, as evidenced by the increasing development of research in this field (Otero-Cerdeira et al., 2015). The need to maximize connections between different resources must be compared with the fact that each ontology is built with different criteria, which refer to different theoretical frameworks. In this context the instance matching becomes particularly relevant, since it allows to connect resources without mapping ontological entities (Castano et al., 2008; Nath et al., 2014). In this article we present a hypothesis of connection between two linguistic ontology, BabelNet (Navigli and Ponzetto, 2012a) and IMAGACT (Moneglia et al., 2014a), both multimedia, multilingual and exploitable for translation and disambiguation tasks (Moro and Navigli, 2015; Russo et al., 2013; Moneglia, 2014). The connection between ontologies takes place through the visual component of IMAGACT, i.e. the representation of actions by means of prototype scenes.

Conclusion
Although a fine-tuning of the parameters has not yet been done (for which a wider set test is required), the good results obtained by this experiment open the possibility of connecting the two ontologies through the scenes of IMAGACT, in order to enrich both resources. On the one hand, IMAGACT's videos could represent BS's ational concepts; on the other hand, IMAGACT would be enriched with BabelNet's translation information. Moreover, from Babelfy's observation (Moro et al., 2014), the word sense engine disambiguation and entity linking derived from BabelNet, it became apparent that the linking hypothesis proposed here would have a significant impact on the expressiveness of the visual representation of the sentences, with the association of images with names and videos with verbs. Finally, it is important to note that both BabelNet and IMAGACT are expanding resources: since algorithms exploit translation equivalents, the results can be more precise as the languages and the terms considered increase.