ConParoleTue: crowdsourcing al servizio di un Dizionario delle Collocazioni Italiane per Apprendenti (Dici-A)
Authors: Andrea Gobbi, Stefania Spina (Università di Salerno, Università per Stranieri di Perugia, 2014)
Topic: Learner Corpora and Language Acquisition

Abstract
ConParoleTue is a crowdsourcing experiment in L2 lessicography. Starting from the establishment of a dictionary of locations for Italian L2, ConParoleTue represents an attempt to re-incorporate problems typical of lessicographic processing (the quality and the record of definitions) towards a greater center of the communication needs of those who learn. For this purpose, a crowdsourcing-based methodology is used for the drafting of definitions. This article describes this methodology and presents a first assessment of its results: the definitions obtained through crowdsourcing are quantitatively relevant and qualitatively suitable for non-native Italian speakers.

Introduction
ConParoleTue (2012) is an application experiment of crowdsourcing within the framework of L2 lessicography, developed within the APRIL Project (Spina, 2010b) of the University for Foreigners of Perugia during the creation of a dictionary of locations for Italian L2 apprentices. The locations have occupied a leading place for several decades in studies on the learning of a second language (Meunier and Granger, 2008). This location is recognized as a key competence for an apprenticeship, because it plays a key role in the two aspects of production (for example, it provides pre-built and ready-to-use lessical blocks, improving fluency; Schmitt, 2004) and understanding (Lewis, 2000). Also within the scope of Italian lessicography the research on locations has been productive, and has led, in the last five years, to the publication of at least three paper dictionaries of Italian locations: Urz" (2009), born in the field of translation; Tiberii (2012) and Lo Cascio (2013). The DICI-A (Dizionario de las Colocaciones Italianas para Apprendentes; Spina, 2010a; 2010b) consists of the 11,400 Italian locations extracted from the Perugia Corpus, a reference corpus of Italian written and spoken contemporary1. Among the many proposals, the basic definition of the constitution of the DICI-A is that of Evert (2005), according to which a location is A word combination whose semantic and/or syntactic properties cannot be fully predicted from those of its components, and which therefore has to be listed in a lexicon√ì. The locations of the DICI-A belong to 9 different categories, selected on the basis of the most productive sequences of grammar categories that make up them: aggettive- name (tragic error), name-aggettive (the next year), name-name (weight form), verbo- (art.(a) name (to make a request/to make a penalty), name- preposition-name (credit card), aggettive- as-name (fresh like a rose), aggettive- conjunction-aggettive (healthy and safe), name-conjunction- name (card and pen), verboaggettive (cost expensive). For each location the Juilland index of dispersion and use (Bortolini et al., 1971) was calculated on the basis of the selected final location. The question is how to define them. In this context, the idea of the use of crowdsourcing, boring of ConParoleTue, was born.

Conclusion
The described experiment, which concerns crowdsourcing for the acquisition of Italian locations edited here, has proved effective both from the quantitative point of view (more than 3200 definitions five months) and from that of their appropriate thesis to a audience of learners to with definitions edited by a team of les grafi has highlighted the most intuitive and natural character of the definitions of non-specialists, despite the greater abstractness of the definitions of professionals. The results of the writings lead to continuing the writing of the dictionary through this crowdsourcing-based methodology.