Sintassi e semantica dell'hashtag: studio preliminare di una forma di Scritture Brevi
Authors: Francesca Chiusaroli (Università di Macerata, 2014)
Topic: Sentiment, Emotion, Irony, Hate

Abstract
The contribution presents a line-guistic analysis of the hashtag category in Twit-ter, in particular with regard to the Italian-the forms, in order to observe the morphotatic characteristics in the body of the text and also the semantic potential for the possible interpretation of the shapes in the rate-nomic key. The research path will be articulated within the theoretical horizon defined by the concept of Short Scripture as it is found ela-borate in Chiusaroli and Zanzotto 2012a and 2012b and now at www.scritturebrevi.it

Introduction
In the definition of the so-called Egergo of Twit-ter√ì, the hashtag category is placed right, for the typical difficulties of the imme-diata and practical readability of the tweet posted in the form preceded by the cancellation. Particularly the presence of the hashtag, along with the need of the account (user address preceded by the chiocciola), recognize the artifact structure of the text of Twitter compared to the ordinary and conventional writing, since the phrase string is concretely altered by such figures traditionally not contemplated in the ortographic rules of the standard language. Cryptocurrency is confirmed by the easy experiment of transferring a tweet containing hashtags and accounts out of the Twitter environment, where the failure to integrate the forms is immediately perceived and the process of reading and understanding is also substantially purchased. This difficulty, encountered by the neofite of the medium, appears in fact overcomeable with practice, while some special features of the post-sono hashtag cause problems with regard to the formal, or automatic decades of texts. This contribution aims to provide a description of the language properties of the hashtag, which is the most peculiar te-stual element of Twitter (Chiusaroli, 2014), with part-lare regarding the expressions in Italian. The con-sideration of the grammar values and semantic functions enables to delineate the rules of reading of the text, as well as to assess the relevance and necessity, for the analysis, of an interpre-taction in taxonomic key useful for the sistematic classification of this recent form of today's web language, im-porting today among the phenomena of the writing of the network (Pistolesi, 2014; Antonelli, 2007; Maraschio and De Martino, 2010; Tavosanis, 2011). The investigation path sees the hashtag come back to the definition of Short Writings as it is elaborated in Chiusaroli and Zanzotto 2012a and 2012b and now in www.scritturebrevi.it: It is the label Short Writings is proposed as a conceptual and metallingual category for the classification of graphic forms such as abbreviations, acronyms, signs, icons, indices and symbols, figurative elements, text expressions and visual codes for which it results in directing the principle of √îbrevity‚Äô connected to the criterion of the Oeconomy‚Äô. In particular, all the graphic manifestations that, in the syntagmatic dimension, subordinate to the principle of linearity of the meaning, alter the conventional morphotatic rules of the written language, and intervene in the construction of the message in the terms of Oriduction, content, synthesis‚Äô inducted by the supporters and contexts. The category is applied in synchronic and linguistic diacronic, in standard and non-standard systems, in general and specialized areas.√ì The analysis will also take place of the Twitter experience maturated with accounts @FChiusaroli and hashtag #scritturebrevi (from December 26, 2012) and other related hashtags (now elaborated and/or discussed at www.scritturebrevi.it).

Conclusion
The need to consider the elements with hashtags for their value both formal and semantic confirms itself indispensable for a proper assessment of language products (Cann, 1993, and, for the basis, Fillmore, 1976; Lyons, 1977; Church and McConnell Ginet, 1990), in particular, but not only, to be able to judge the real and concrete impact of the phenomenon of the writing of the network on the forms and uses, even in the wider perspective of the diacronic change (Simone, 1993). Where the hashtag is an important isolated element and as such a ability to gather content and ideas, it appears incomplete any analysis that does not take into account the belonging of the hashtag to multiple categories of the language, from the common name simple or composite, to its own, simple or composite, to the symmetic and phrasal connection, with natural consequences of morphosynthetic treatment (Grossmann, 2004; Doleschal and Thornton, 2000; Recanati, 2011). An appropriate analysis can also not be deprived of a semantic classification in the hierarchical and taxonomic sense of voices (Cardona, 1980, 1985a, 1985b), i.e. taking into account the degrees of the relationships between the elements, the relationships of synonymous or of hyperonymous and hyponymous (Basile, 2005 and Jezek, 2005), and also the only formal, homographic and homonymous relationships (Pazienza, 1999; Nakagawa and Mori, 2003; Pazienza and Pennacchiotti and Zanzotto, 2005), and finally the references in terms of correspondence in other languages (Smadja, McKeown and Hatzivassiloglou, 1996), in particular the English, for its role of network driver (Crystal, 2003). If it is true that the network and knowledge in the network are formed according to procedures not more linear or monodimensional, but" with progress in depth and by layers (Eco, 2007), it seems indispensable to insert in the horizon of analysis, in addition to the formal, numerical and quantitative element, also the assessment of the semantic and prototipic structure through the reconstruction of the minimum elements or √àprimi√ì of knowledge, a method well-known in the history of linguistics with the term de reductio (Chiusaroli, 1998 and 2001), which for other things puts itself at the origin of the algorithm of the search engine (Eco, 1993). The web structure and the internal organization of the CMC enable us to use the Twitter hashtag as an emblematic case study to test the effectiveness of a method that combines the consideration of the functional power of the graphic string with the relevance of the semantic content plan: a intersection of different factors that must be mutually dependent for the correct verification of the data; an integrated theory of (web-)knowledge based on writing (Ong, 2002).