NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

DONACIANO CRUZ-BAUTISTA, 

Petitioner, 

 v. 

WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General, 

Respondent.

No. 17-70688 

Agency No. A098-016-185 

MEMORANDUM*

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted April 7, 2020**

Before: TASHIMA, BYBEE, and WATFORD, Circuit Judges.

Donaciano Cruz-Bautista, a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions for 

review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order dismissing his appeal 

from an immigration judge’s decision denying his applications for asylum, 

withholding of removal and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”), 

and his request for administrative closure. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision 

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

FILED

APR 13 2020

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 

1252. We review de novo questions of law, Cerezo v. Mukasey, 512 F.3d 1163, 

1166 (9th Cir. 2008), except to the extent that deference is owed to the BIA’s 

interpretation of the governing statutes and regulations, Simeonov v. Ashcroft, 371 

F.3d 532, 535 (9th Cir. 2004). We review for substantial evidence the agency’s

factual findings. Zehatye v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 1182, 1184-85 (9th Cir. 2006). 

We review de novo claims of due process violations in immigration proceedings. 

Jiang v. Holder, 754 F.3d 733, 738 (9th Cir. 2014). We deny the petition for 

review.

The record does not compel the conclusion that Cruz-Bautista established 

changed or extraordinary circumstances to excuse his untimely asylum application. 

See 8 C.F.R. § 208.4(a)(4)-(5). Thus, Cruz-Bautista’s asylum claim fails.

The BIA did not err in finding that Cruz-Bautista did not establish 

membership in a cognizable social group. See Reyes v. Lynch, 842 F.3d 1125, 

1131 (9th Cir. 2016) (in order to demonstrate membership in a particular social 

group, “[t]he applicant must ‘establish that the group is (1) composed of members 

who share a common immutable characteristic, (2) defined with particularity, and 

(3) socially distinct within the society in question’” (quoting Matter of M-E-V-G-, 

26 I. & N. Dec. 227, 237 (BIA 2014))); see also Barbosa v. Barr, 926 F.3d 1053, 

1060 (9th Cir. 2019) (finding that individuals returning to Mexico from the United 

States who are believed to be wealthy does not constitute a particular social group). 
3 

Substantial evidence supports the agency’s conclusion that Cruz-Bautista

otherwise failed to establish he was or would be persecuted on account of a 

protected ground. See Zetino v. Holder, 622 F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2010) (an 

applicant’s “desire to be free from harassment by criminals motivated by theft or 

random violence by gang members bears no nexus to a protected ground”). Thus, 

Cruz-Bautista’s withholding of removal claim fails.

In his opening brief, Cruz-Bautista does not challenge the agency’s denial of 

CAT relief. See Lopez-Vasquez v. Holder, 706 F.3d 1072, 1079-80 (9th Cir. 2013) 

(issues not specifically raised and argued in a party’s opening brief are waived). 

Thus, we deny the petition for review as to Cruz-Bautista’s CAT claim.

Cruz-Bautista establishes no error in the agency’s denial of administrative 

closure under the factors applicable at the time of the hearing. See GonzalezCaraveo v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 885, 891 (9th Cir. 2018).

Finally, Cruz-Bautista’s contentions that the BIA violated his right to due 

process by summarily affirming his case fail. See Falcon Carriche v. Ashcroft, 

350 F.3d 845, 850-52 (9th Cir. 2003); see also Lata v. INS, 204 F.3d 1241, 1246 

(9th Cir. 2000) (requiring error to prevail on a due process claim).

PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.