EXHIBIT 4.2


 


 



 


MARINUS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.


 


SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES


 





 



 


INDENTURE


 


Dated as of ____________________


 


 





 



 


_____________________________________


 


Trustee


 





 



 





 



 






     


     


    

 


Table
of Contents



 


	 	 	 	 	 	 	Page	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 1          DEFINITIONS	 	 	1	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 1.01	 	 	Definitions of Terms	 	 	1	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 2           ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES	 	 	5	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 2.01	 	 	Designation and Terms of Securities	 	 	5	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 2.02	 	 	Form of Securities and Trustee’s Certificate	 	 	7	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 2.03	 	 	Denominations: Provisions for Payment	 	 	7	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 2.04	 	 	Execution and Authentications	 	 	9	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 2.05	 	 	Registration of Transfer and Exchange	 	 	9	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 2.06	 	 	Temporary Securities	 	 	11	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 2.07	 	 	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities	 	 	11	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 2.08	 	 	Cancellation	 	 	12	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 2.09	 	 	Benefits of Indenture	 	 	12	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 2.10	 	 	Authenticating Agent	 	 	12	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 2.11	 	 	Global Securities	 	 	13	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 3           REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS	 	 	14	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 3.01	 	 	Redemption	 	 	14	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 3.02	 	 	Notice of Redemption	 	 	14	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 3.03	 	 	Payment Upon Redemption	 	 	15	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 3.04	 	 	Sinking Fund	 	 	16	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 3.05	 	 	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities	 	 	16	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 3.06	 	 	Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund	 	 	16	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 4           COVENANTS	 	 	17	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 4.01	 	 	Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest	 	 	17	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 4.02	 	 	Maintenance of Office or Agency	 	 	17	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 4.03	 	 	Paying Agents	 	 	18	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 4.04	 	 	Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee	 	 	19	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 4.05	 	 	Compliance with Consolidation Provisions	 	 	19	 




 






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	 	 	 	 	 	 	Page	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 5           SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE	 	 	19	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 5.01	 	 	Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders	 	 	19	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 5.02	 	 	Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders	 	 	19	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 5.03	 	 	Reports by the Company	 	 	20	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 5.04	 	 	Reports by the Trustee	 	 	20	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 6            REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT	 	 	20	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 6.01	 	 	Events of Default	 	 	20	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 6.02	 	 	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee	 	 	22	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 6.03	 	 	Application of Moneys Collected	 	 	23	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 6.04	 	 	Limitation on Suits	 	 	24	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 6.05	 	 	Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver	 	 	25	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 6.06	 	 	Control by Securityholders	 	 	25	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 6.07	 	 	Undertaking to Pay Costs	 	 	26	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 7            CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE	 	 	26	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.01	 	 	Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee	 	 	26	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.02	 	 	Certain Rights of Trustee	 	 	27	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.03	 	 	Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities	 	 	28	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.04	 	 	May Hold Securities	 	 	29	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.05	 	 	Moneys Held in Trust	 	 	29	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.06	 	 	Compensation and Reimbursement	 	 	29	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.07	 	 	Reliance on Officers’ Certificate	 	 	29	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.08	 	 	Disqualification; Conflicting Interests	 	 	30	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.09	 	 	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility	 	 	30	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.10	 	 	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor	 	 	30	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.11	 	 	Acceptance of Appointment By Successor	 	 	31	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.12	 	 	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business	 	 	33	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.13	 	 	Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company	 	 	33	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 7.14	 	 	Notice of Default	 	 	33	 




 






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	 	 	 	Page	 
	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 8             CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS	 	 	33	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 8.01	 	 	Evidence of Action by Securityholders	 	 	33	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 8.02	 	 	Proof of Execution by Securityholders	 	 	34	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 8.03	 	 	Who May be Deemed Owners	 	 	34	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 8.04	 	 	Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded	 	 	34	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 8.05	 	 	Actions Binding on Future Securityholders	 	 	35	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 9             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	 	 	35	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 9.01	 	 	Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders	 	 	35	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 9.02	 	 	Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders	 	 	36	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 9.03	 	 	Effect of Supplemental Indentures	 	 	37	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 9.04	 	 	Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures	 	 	37	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 9.05	 	 	Execution of Supplemental Indentures	 	 	37	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 10             SUCCESSOR ENTITY	 	 	38	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 10.01	 	 	Company May Consolidate, Etc	 	 	38	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 10.02	 	 	Successor Entity Substituted	 	 	39	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 10.03	 	 	Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee	 	 	39	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 11             SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE	 	 	39	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 11.01	 	 	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture	 	 	39	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 11.02	 	 	Discharge of Obligations	 	 	40	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 11.03	 	 	Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust	 	 	40	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 11.04	 	 	Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents	 	 	40	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 11.05	 	 	Repayment to Company	 	 	40	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 12             IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS	 	 	41	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 12.01	 	 	No Recourse	 	 	41	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	ARTICLE 13             MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS	 	 	41	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 13.01	 	 	Effect on Successors and Assigns	 	 	41	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 13.02	 	 	Actions by Successor	 	 	41	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 13.03	 	 	Surrender of Company Powers	 	 	42	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 13.04	 	 	Notices	 	 	42	 




 






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	Section 13.05	 	 	Governing Law	 	 	42	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 13.06	 	 	Treatment of Securities as Debt	 	 	42	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 13.07	 	 	Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent	 	 	42	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 13.08	 	 	Payments on Business Days	 	 	43	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 13.09	 	 	Conflict with Trust Indenture Act	 	 	43	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 13.10	 	 	Counterparts	 	 	43	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 13.11	 	 	Separability	 	 	43	 
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
	Section 13.12	 	 	Compliance Certificates	 	 	43	 




 






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INDENTURE


 


Indenture,
dated as of [ • ], 202___, between Marinus Pharmaceuticals, inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and [Trustee], as trustee
(the “Trustee”):


 


Whereas,
for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for
the issuance of debt securities (hereinafter referred to as the “Securities”), in an unlimited aggregate principal
amount to be issued from time to time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered Securities without coupons,
to be authenticated by the certificate of the Trustee;


 


Whereas,
to provide the terms and conditions upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly
authorized the execution of this Indenture; and


 


Whereas,
all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.


 


Now,
Therefore, in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually
covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:


 


ARTICLE 1

DEFINITIONS


 


Section 1.01     Definitions
of Terms.


 


The terms defined in this Section (except
as in this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires)
for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this
Section and shall include the plural as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(except as herein or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires),
shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date of
the execution of this instrument.


 


“Authenticating Agent”
means an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.


 


“Bankruptcy Law”
means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.


 


“Board of Directors”
means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such Board.


 






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“Board Resolution”
means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the
Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification.


 


“Business Day”
means, with respect to any series of Securities, any day other than a day on which federal or state banking institutions in the
Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, or in the city of the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, are authorized or obligated
by law, executive order or regulation to close.


 


“Certificate”
means a certificate signed by any Officer. The Certificate need not comply with the provisions of Section 13.07.


 


“Company” means
Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and, subject
to the provisions of Article Ten, shall also include its successors and assigns.


 


“Corporate Trust Office”
means the office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally administered,
which office at the date hereof is located at [______].


 


“Custodian” means
any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.


 


“Default” means
any event, act or condition that with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.


 


“Depositary” means,
with respect to Securities of any series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global
Security, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing
agency under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or other applicable statute
or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Section 2.01 or 2.11.


 


“Event of Default”
means, with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section 6.01, continued for the period of
time, if any, therein designated.


 


“Global Security”
means, with respect to any series of Securities, a Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary
or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction, all in accordance with the Indenture, which shall be registered in the name
of the Depositary or its nominee.


 


“Governmental
Obligations” means securities that are (a) direct obligations of the United States of America for the
payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (b) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and
acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as
a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America that, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at
the option of the issuer thereof at any time prior to the stated maturity of the Securities, and shall also include a
depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Governmental Obligation or a
specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held by such custodian for the account of
the holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized
to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the
custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Governmental
Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.


 






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“herein”, “hereof”
and “hereunder”, and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to
any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.


 


“Indenture” means
this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental
hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof.


 


“Interest Payment Date”,
when used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in such Security
or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment
of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.


 


“Officer” means,
with respect to the Company, the chairman of the Board of Directors, a chief executive officer, a president, a chief financial
officer, a chief operating officer, any executive vice president, any senior vice president, any vice president, the treasurer
or any assistant treasurer, the controller or any assistant controller or the secretary or any assistant secretary.


 


“Officers’ Certificate”
means a certificate signed by any two Officers. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.07,
if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.


 


“Opinion of Counsel”
means an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company,
that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for
in Section 13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.


 


“Outstanding”,
when used with reference to Securities of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, as of any
particular time, all Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture,
except (a) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying
agent for cancellation or that have previously been canceled; (b) Securities or portions thereof for the payment or
redemption of which moneys or Governmental Obligations in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the
Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall have been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company
(if the Company shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however, that if such Securities or portions of such Securities
are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall have been given as in Article Three
provided, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice; and (c) Securities in
lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of
Section 2.07.


 






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“Person” means
any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated
organization, any other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality
thereof.


 


“Predecessor Security”
of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07
in lieu of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.


 


“Responsible Officer”
when used with respect to the Trustee means the chairman of its board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president,
any vice president, the secretary, the treasurer, any trust officer, any corporate trust officer or any other officer or assistant
officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such
officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with
the particular subject.


 


“Securities” means
the debt Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.


 


“Securityholder”,
 “holder of Securities”, “registered holder”, or other similar term, means the
Person or Persons in whose name or names a particular Security shall be registered on the books of the Company kept for that purpose
in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.


 


“Security Register”
and “Security Registrar” shall have the meanings as set forth in Section 2.05.


 


“Subsidiary” means,
with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation at least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Stock shall at the time be
owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries,
(ii) any general partnership, joint venture or similar entity, at least a majority of whose outstanding partnership or similar
interests shall at the time be owned by such Person, or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or by such Person and one or more of
its Subsidiaries and (iii) any limited partnership of which such Person or any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner.


 


“Trustee” means
[___], and, subject to the provisions of Article Seven, shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time
there is more than one Person acting in such capacity hereunder, “Trustee” shall mean each such Person. The term “Trustee”
as used with respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.


 


“Trust Indenture Act”
means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.


 






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“Voting Stock”,
as applied to stock of any Person, means shares, interests, participations or other equivalents in the equity interest (however
designated) in such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of a majority of the directors (or the equivalent) of
such Person, other than shares, interests, participations or other equivalents having such power only by reason of the occurrence
of a contingency.


 


ARTICLE 2

ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES


 


Section 2.01     Designation
and Terms of Securities.


 


(a)            The
aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities
may be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized
by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of
Securities of any series, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’
Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:


 


(1)            the
title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities);


 


(2)            any
limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
(except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities
of that series);


 


(3)            the
date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable, any original issue discount that may apply to
the Securities of that series upon their issuance, the principal amount due at maturity, and the place(s) of payment;


 


(4)            the
rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if
any;


 


(5)            the
date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the manner
of determination of such Interest Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment, and the record date for the determination of holders
to whom interest is payable on any such Interest Payment Dates or the manner of determination of such record dates;


 


(6)            the
right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension;


 


(7)            the
period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may
be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;


 


(8)            the
obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, mandatory redemption,
or analogous provisions (including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking fund obligations) or at the option of
a holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon which,
Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;


 






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(9)              the
form of the Securities of the series including the form of the Certificate of Authentication for such series;


 


(10)            if
other than denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the
Securities of the series shall be issuable;


 


(11)            any
and all other terms (including terms, to the extent applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that
series and any security for the obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities) with respect to such series (which
terms shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Indenture, as amended by any supplemental indenture) including any terms
which may be required by or advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of
Securities of that series;


 


(12)            whether
the Securities are issuable as a Global Security and, in such case, the terms and the identity of the Depositary for such series;


 


(13)            whether
the Securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or other securities of the Company or any other
Person and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion
or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at the Company’s
option or the holders’ option) conversion or exchange features, and the applicable conversion or exchange period;


 


(14)            if
other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable
upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.01;


 


(15)            any
additional or different Events of Default or restrictive covenants (which may include, among other restrictions, restrictions
on the Company’s ability or the ability of the Company’s Subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue
additional securities; create liens; pay dividends or make distributions in respect of their capital stock; redeem capital
stock; place restrictions on such Subsidiaries placing restrictions on their ability to pay dividends, make distributions or
transfer assets; make investments or other restricted payments; sell or otherwise dispose of assets; enter into
sale-leaseback transactions; engage in transactions with stockholders and affiliates; issue or sell stock of their
Subsidiaries; or effect a consolidation or merger) or financial covenants (which may include, among other financial
covenants, financial covenants that require the Company and its Subsidiaries to maintain specified interest coverage, fixed
charge, cash flow-based or asset-based ratios) provided for with respect to the Securities of the series;


 


(16)            if
other than dollars, the coin or currency in which the Securities of the series are denominated (including, but not limited to,
foreign currency);


 






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(17)            the
terms and conditions, if any, upon which the Company shall pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and
principal amounts of the Securities of the series to any Securityholder that is not a “United States person” for federal
tax purposes; and


 


(18)            any
restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities of the series.


 


All Securities of any one series shall be
substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any such Board Resolution
or in any indentures supplemental hereto.


 


If any of the terms of the series are established
by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified
by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’
Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.


 


Securities of any particular series may
be issued at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different
rates of interest, if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such
interest may be payable and with different redemption dates.


 


Section 2.02     Form of
Securities and Trustee’s Certificate.


 


The Securities of any series and the Trustee’s
certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the tenor and purport as set forth in one
or more indentures supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, and
they may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed
or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as
may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation
of any securities exchange on which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage.


 


Section 2.03     Denominations:
Provisions for Payment.


 


The Securities shall be issuable as registered
Securities and in the denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, subject to Section 2.01(a)(10).
The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect to that series.
Subject to Section 2.01(a)(16), the principal of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well as any premium
thereon in case of redemption thereof prior to maturity, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States of America
that at the time is legal tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose
in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Interest
on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.


 






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The interest installment on any Security
that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of that series shall
be paid to the Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business
on the regular record date for such interest installment. In the event that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof
is called for redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date
and prior to such Interest Payment Date, interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security
as provided in Section 3.03.


 


Any interest on any Security that is payable,
but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (herein called
 “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date
by virtue of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in
clause (1) or clause (2) below:


 


(1)            The
Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their
respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such
Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the
amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same
time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in
respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date
of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such
Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment of such
Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not
less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify
the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the
proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor to be mailed, first class postage prepaid,
to each Securityholder at his or her address as it appears in the Security Register (as hereinafter defined), not less than
10 days prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record
date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names
such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on such special record date.


 


(2)            The
Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements
of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if,
after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall
be deemed practicable by the Trustee.


 


Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution
or one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01
hereof, the term “regular record date” as used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities and any
Interest Payment Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately preceding the month in which
an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment
Date is the first day of a month, or the first day of the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant
to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date
is a Business Day.


 






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Subject to the foregoing provisions of this
Section, each Security of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security
of such series shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security.


 


Section 2.04     Execution
and Authentications.


 


The Securities shall be signed on behalf
of the Company by one of its Officers. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.


 


The Company may use the facsimile signature
of any Person who shall have been an Officer, notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities shall be authenticated and
delivered or disposed of such Person shall have ceased to be such an officer of the Company. The Securities may contain such notations,
legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication
by the Trustee.


 


A Security shall not be valid until authenticated
manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such signature shall be conclusive evidence
that the Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the benefits
of this Indenture. At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver
Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the Company
for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by an Officer, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order
shall authenticate and deliver such Securities.


 


In authenticating such Securities and accepting
the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and terms
thereof have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture.


 


The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate
such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.


 


Section 2.05     Registration
of Transfer and Exchange.


 


(a)            Securities
of any series may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose in
the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, for other Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and
for a like aggregate principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation
thereto, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute,
the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefor the Security or Securities of the same
series that the Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously outstanding.


 






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(b)            The
Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or agency designated for such purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City
and State of New York, or such other location designated by the Company, a register or registers (herein referred to as the “Security
Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register the Securities
and the transfers of Securities as in this Article provided and which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection
by the Trustee. The registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities as herein provided shall be
appointed as authorized by Board Resolution (the “Security Registrar”).


 


Upon surrender for transfer of any Security
at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and
such office or agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series
as the Security presented for a like aggregate principal amount.


 


All Securities presented or surrendered
for exchange or registration of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by the Company or the
Security Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar,
duly executed by the registered holder or by such holder’s duly authorized attorney in writing.


 


(c)            Except
as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or
established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or
registration of transfer of Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of partial redemption of any series, but the
Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, other than
exchanges pursuant to Section 2.06, Section 3.03(b) and Section 9.04 not involving any transfer.


 


(d)            The
Company shall not be required (i) to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning
at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding Securities
of the same series and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer of or
exchange any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for redemption, other than the unredeemed portion of any such
Securities being redeemed in part. The provisions of this Section 2.05 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to
Section 2.11 hereof.


 






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Section 2.06     Temporary
Securities.


 


Pending the preparation of definitive Securities
of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities (printed, lithographed
or typewritten) of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of the definitive
Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary
Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company and
be authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive
Securities of such series. Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series
and thereupon any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor (without charge to the holders),
at the office or agency of the Company designated for the purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York,
and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate
principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive
Securities need not be executed and furnished until further notice from the Company. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities
of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated
and delivered hereunder.


 


Section 2.07     Mutilated,
Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities.


 


In case any temporary or definitive
Security shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding sentence) shall
execute, and upon the Company’s request the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new
Security of the same series, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the
mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the
applicant for a substituted Security shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be
required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also
furnish to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of the
applicant’s Security and of the ownership thereof. The Trustee may authenticate any such substituted Security and
deliver the same upon the written request or authorization of any officer of the Company. Upon the issuance of any
substituted Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge
that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected
therewith.


 


In case any Security that has matured or
is about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security,
pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant
for such payment shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless,
and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss
or theft of such Security and of the ownership thereof.


 


Every replacement Security issued pursuant
to the provisions of this Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company whether or not the
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to
all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued
hereunder. All Securities shall be held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect
to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any
and all other rights or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect
to the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.


 






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Section 2.08     Cancellation.


 


All Securities surrendered for the purpose
of payment, redemption, exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any paying agent, be delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued
in lieu thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. On request of the Company
at the time of such surrender, the Trustee shall deliver to the Company canceled Securities held by the Trustee. In the absence
of such request the Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate
of disposition to the Company. If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not
operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation.


 


Section 2.09     Benefits
of Indenture.


 


Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities,
express or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and the holders of the Securities
any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition or provision
herein contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and of the holders
of the Securities.


 


Section 2.10     Authenticating
Agent.


 


So long as any of the Securities of any
series remain Outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities which the Trustee shall
have the right to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities
of such series issued upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled
to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder.
All references in this Indenture to the authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by
an Authenticating Agent for such series. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation
that has a combined capital and surplus, as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction
under which it is organized or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under
such laws to conduct such business and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time
any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign immediately.


 






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Any Authenticating Agent may at any time
resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time (and upon request
by the Company shall) terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating
Agent and to the Company. Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may
appoint an eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance
of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if originally
named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant hereto.


 


Section 2.11     Global
Securities.


 


(a)            If
the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 2.01 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global
Security, then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 2.04, authenticate and deliver,
a Global Security that (i) shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount
of, all of the Outstanding Securities of such series, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee,
(iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction and (iv) shall
bear a legend substantially to the following effect: “Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.11 of the Indenture,
this Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary or to a successor Depositary
or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.”


 


(b)            Notwithstanding
the provisions of Section 2.05, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner
provided in Section 2.05, only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such
series selected or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.


 


(c)            If
at any time the Depositary for a series of the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary
for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange
Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within
90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default
has occurred and is continuing and the Company has received a request from the Depositary, this Section 2.11 shall no longer
be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will execute, and subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee will
authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations,
and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global
Security. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by
a Global Security and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities of such series. In
such event the Company will execute and, subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers’ Certificate
evidencing such determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered
form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global
Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in definitive
registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities
in definitive registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.11(c) shall be registered
in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants
or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons
in whose names such Securities are so registered.


 






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ARTICLE 3

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS


 


Section 3.01         Redemption.


 


The Company may redeem the Securities of
any series issued hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01
hereof.


 


Section 3.02         Notice
of Redemption.


 


(a)           In
case the Company shall desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any
series in accordance with any right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the
Company shall, or shall cause the Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to
be redeemed by mailing, first class postage prepaid, a notice of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90
days before the date fixed for redemption of that series to such holders at their last addresses as they shall appear upon
the Security Register, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice that is
mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the registered
holder receives the notice. In any case, failure duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of any series
designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings
for the redemption of any other Securities of such series or any other series. In the case of any redemption of Securities
prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this
Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers’ Certificate evidencing compliance with any such
restriction.


 


Each such notice of redemption shall specify
the date fixed for redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that
payment of the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company in the Borough
of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the
date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue
and that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed,
the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so
redeemed.


 


In case any Security is to be redeemed in
part only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and
shall state that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series
in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.


 






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(b)           If
less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days’ notice
(unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate
principal amount of Securities of the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall select, by lot or in such other manner
as it shall deem appropriate and fair in its discretion and that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal
to one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination
larger than $1,000, the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of
the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions
signed on its behalf by an Officer, instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular
series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name
of the Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in which notice of redemption
is to be given by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain
with, the Trustee or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable
copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required
under the provisions of this Section.


 


Section 3.03         Payment
Upon Redemption.


 


(a)           If
the giving of notice of redemption shall have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the
series to be redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice
at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and interest on such Securities
or portions of Securities shall cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in
the payment of such redemption price and accrued interest with respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation
and surrender of such Securities on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said
Securities shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption price for such series, together with interest accrued thereon
to the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an interest payment date, the interest installment payable
on such date shall be payable to the registered holder at the close of business on the applicable record date pursuant to Section 2.03).


 


(b)           Upon
presentation of any Security of such series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate and the office or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the
Company, a new Security of the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of
the Security so presented.


 






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Section 3.04         Sinking
Fund.


 


The provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05 and
3.06 shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated
by Section 2.01 for Securities of such series.


 


The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment
provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment,”
and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as
an “optional sinking fund payment”. If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any
sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to
the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.


 


Section 3.05         Satisfaction
of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.


 


The Company (i) may deliver
Outstanding Securities of a series and (ii) may apply as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either
at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional
sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any
sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such
Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited.
Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the redemption price specified in such
Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced
accordingly.


 


Section 3.06         Redemption
of Securities for Sinking Fund.


 


Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking
fund payment date for any series of Securities (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), the Company will
deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series
pursuant to the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities
of that series pursuant to Section 3.05 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officers’ Certificate,
deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the
Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02
and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided
in Section 3.02. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in
the manner stated in Section 3.03.


 






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ARTICLE 4

COVENANTS


 


Section 4.01         Payment
of Principal, Premium and Interest.


 


The Company will duly and punctually pay
or cause to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series at the time and place
and in the manner provided herein and established with respect to such Securities. Payments of principal on the Securities may
be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check drawn on and mailed to
the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer
to, a U.S. dollar account (such wire transfer to be made only to a Securityholder of an aggregate principal amount of Securities
of the applicable series in excess of U.S. $2,000,000 and only if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions to
the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date). Payments of interest on the Securities may be made at the
time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check mailed to the address of the Securityholder
entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account
(such a wire transfer to be made only to a Securityholder of an aggregate principal amount of Securities of the applicable series
in excess of U.S. $2,000,000 and only if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions in writing to the Security
Registrar and the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date.


 


Section 4.02         Maintenance
of Office or Agency.


 


So long as any series of the
Securities remain Outstanding, the Company agrees to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and
State of New York, with respect to each such series and at such other location or locations as may be designated as provided
in this Section 4.02, where (i) Securities of that series may be presented for payment, (ii) Securities of
that series may be presented as herein above authorized for registration of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and
demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be given or served, such
designation to continue with respect to such office or agency until the Company shall, by written notice signed by any
officer authorized to sign an Officers’ Certificate and delivered to the Trustee, designate some other office or agency
for such purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or
shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be made or served at
the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such
presentations, notices and demands. The Company initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee located in the
Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York as its paying agent with respect to the Securities.


 






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Section 4.03         Paying
Agents.


 


(a)           If
the Company shall appoint one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company
will cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the
Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section:


 


(1)           that
it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities
of that series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for
the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto;


 


(2)           that
it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment
of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;


 


(3)           that
it will, at any time during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon
the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and


 


(4)           that
it will perform all other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture.


 


(b)           If
the Company shall act as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due
date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in
trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or
interest so becoming due on Securities of that series until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of
as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such
Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall have one or more paying agents for any series of Securities, it
will, prior to each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that series,
deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such
sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such
paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of this action or failure so to act.


 


(c)           Notwithstanding
anything in this Section to the contrary, (i) the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is
subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held
in trust by the Company or such paying agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon
which such sums were held by the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the
Trustee, the Company or such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.


 






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Section 4.04         Appointment
to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee.


 


The Company, whenever necessary to avoid
or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a Trustee, so that there
shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder.


 


Section 4.05         Compliance
with Consolidation Provisions.


 


The Company will not, while any of the Securities
remain Outstanding, consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case where the Company is not the survivor of such
transaction, or sell or convey all or substantially all of its property to any other Person unless the provisions of Article Ten
hereof are complied with.


 


ARTICLE 5

SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE


 


Section 5.01         Company
to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders.


 


The Company will furnish or cause to be
furnished to the Trustee (a) within 15 days after each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.03) a list, in such
form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such regular
record date, provided that the Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that the list
shall not differ in any respect from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times
as the Trustee may request in writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form
and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case,
no such list need be furnished for any series for which the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar.


 


Section 5.02         Preservation
Of Information; Communications With Securityholders.


 


(a)           The
Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the
holders of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 and as to the names and
addresses of holders of Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity).


 


(b)           The
Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.


 


(c)           Securityholders
may communicate as provided in Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to
their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee shall
satisfy its obligations under Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of Section 312(b) of
the Trust Indenture Act.


 






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Section 5.03         Reports
by the Company.


 


The Company covenants and agrees to provide
a copy to the Trustee, after the Company files the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission, copies of the annual reports
and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Securities and Exchange
Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company files with the Securities and Exchange
Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, the Company shall not
be required to deliver to the Trustee any materials for which the Company has sought and received confidential treatment by the
Securities and Exchange Commission.


 


Section 5.04         Reports
by the Trustee.


 


(a)           If
required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee, within sixty (60) days after each May 1, shall
transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register,
a brief report dated as of such May 1, which complies with Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.


 


(b)           The
Trustee shall comply with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.


 


(c)           A
copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company,
with each securities exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when any Securities become listed on any securities exchange.


 


ARTICLE 6

REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT


 


Section 6.01         Events
of Default.


 


(a)           Whenever
used herein with respect to Securities of a particular series, “Event of Default” means any one or more of the following
events that has occurred and is continuing:


 


(1)           the
Company defaults in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same
shall become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of
an interest payment period by the Company in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute
a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;


 


(2)           the
Company defaults in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when
the same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required
by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity
of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment
of principal or premium, if any;


 






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(3)           the
Company fails to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture
or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof (other than a covenant
or agreement that has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other
than such series) for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied
and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee,
by registered or certified mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities
of that series at the time Outstanding;


 


(4)           the
Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the
entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or
for all or substantially all of its property or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or


 


(5)           a
court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an
involuntary case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii) orders
the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days.


 


(b)           In
each and every such case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above), unless
the principal of all the Securities of that series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders
of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing
to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and
accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration
the same shall become and shall be immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above
occurs, the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately
due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the Securities.


 


(c)           At
any time after the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall
have been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained
or entered as hereinafter provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then
Outstanding hereunder, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences
if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon
all the Securities of that series and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall
have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that
such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the
Securities of that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06,
and (ii) any and all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other than the nonpayment of principal
on (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on Securities of that series that shall not have become due by their
terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.06.


 






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No such rescission and annulment shall extend
to or shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.


 


(d)           In
case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and
such proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or
shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings,
the Company and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies
and powers of the Company and the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.


 


Section 6.02         Collection
of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.


 


(a)           The
Company covenants that (i) in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the
Securities of a series, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series
as and when the same shall have become due and payable, and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 days,
or (ii) in case it shall default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a
series when the same shall have become due and payable, whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon
redemption or upon declaration or otherwise then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the
benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series, the whole amount that then shall have been become due and payable on
all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case may be, with interest upon the
overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law)
upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition
thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to
the Trustee under Section 7.06.


 


(b)           If
the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express
trust, shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums
so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment
or final decree against the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed
to be payable in the manner provided by law or equity out of the property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities
of that series, wherever situated.


 






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(c)           In
case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial
proceedings affecting the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings
and take any action therein that may be permitted by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled
to file such proofs of claim and other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the
Trustee and of the holders of Securities of such series allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the
Indenture at the date of institution of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the
Company after such date, and to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and
to distribute the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06; and any receiver, assignee
or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make such
payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Securityholders,
to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.06.


 


(d)           All
rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities
of that series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at
any trial or other proceeding relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in
its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of
any amounts due under Section 7.06, be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series.


 


In case of an Event of Default hereunder,
the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate
judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity
or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or
in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee
by this Indenture or by law.


 


Nothing contained herein shall be deemed
to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization,
arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize
the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.


 


Section 6.03         Application
of Moneys Collected.


 


Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant
to this Article with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following order, at the date or
dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest,
upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender
thereof if fully paid:


 


FIRST: To the payment of reasonable costs
and expenses of collection and of all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06;


 






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SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then
due and unpaid upon Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which or for the
benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due
and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and


 


THIRD: To the payment of the remainder,
if any, to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto.


 


Section 6.04         Limitation
on Suits.


 


No holder of any Security of any
series shall have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or
proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or
trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written
notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such
Event of Default, as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or
proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders shall have offered to the Trustee such
reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby;
(iv) the Trustee for 90 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall have failed to
institute any such action, suit or proceeding and (v) during such 90 day period, the holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.


 


Notwithstanding anything contained herein
to the contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive payment of the principal
of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in
such Security (or in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment
on or after such respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and
by accepting a Security hereunder it is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security
of such series with every other such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series
shall have any right in any manner whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or
prejudice the rights of the holders of any other of such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference
to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal,
ratable and common benefit of all holders of Securities of such series. For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of
this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in
equity.


 






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Section 6.05         Rights
and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver.


 


(a)           Except
as otherwise provided in Section 2.07, all powers and remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders
shall, to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the
Trustee or the holders of the Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the
covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to such Securities.


 


(b)           No
delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event
of Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of
any such default or an acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.04, every power and remedy given
by this Article or by law to the Trustee or the Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall
be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Securityholders.


 


Section 6.06         Control
by Securityholders.


 


The holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with Section 8.04,
shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the
Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided, however, that such
direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture. Subject to the provisions of
Section 7.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith
shall, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed, subject to the
Trustee’s duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee in personal liability or might be unduly
prejudicial to the Securityholders not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, may
on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities of such series waive any past default in the performance of any of the
covenants contained herein or established pursuant to Section 2.01 with respect to such series and its consequences,
except a default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series
as and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise than by acceleration (unless such default has
been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal and any premium has been deposited
with the Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.01(c)). Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby shall be deemed
to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of such series
shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any
subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.


 






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Section 6.07         Undertaking
to Pay Costs.


 


All parties to this Indenture agree, and
each holder of any Securities by such holder’s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its
discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee
for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs
of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against
any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant;
but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder,
or group of Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or
to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest
on any Security of such series, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this
Indenture.


 


ARTICLE 7

CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE


 


Section 7.01         Certain
Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee.


 


(a)           The
Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of
all Events of Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with
respect to the Securities of such series such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture,
and no implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to
the Securities of a series has occurred (that has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to
Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and
skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own
affairs.


 


(b)           No
provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent
failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:


 


(i)            prior
to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such
Events of Default with respect to that series that may have occurred:


 


(A)            the
duties and obligations of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express provisions
of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance
of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be
read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and


 


(B)            in
the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively
rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions
furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions
that by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine
the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture;


 






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(ii)            the
Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the
Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;


 


(iii)           the
Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the
direction of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding
relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any
trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; and


 


(iv)            None
of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal
financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable
ground for believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture
or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.


 


Section 7.02          Certain
Rights of Trustee.


 


Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01:


 


(a)            The
Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine
and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;


 


(b)            Any
request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an
instrument signed in the name of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof
is specifically prescribed herein);


 


(c)            The
Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;


 


(d)            The
Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order
or direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have
offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred therein
or thereby; nothing contained herein shall, however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event of
Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities
of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their
exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs;


 






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(e)            The
Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized
or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;


 


(f)            The
Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents, unless requested
in writing so to do by the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular
series affected thereby (determined as provided in Section 8.04); provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable
time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in
the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture,
the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable
expense of every such examination shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon
demand; and


 


(g)            The
Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents
or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed
with due care by it hereunder.


 


In addition, the Trustee shall not be deemed
to have knowledge of any Default or Event of Default except (1) any Event of Default occurring pursuant to Sections 6.01(a)(1) and
6.01(a)(2) or (2) any Default or Event of Default of which the Trustee shall have received written notification in the
manner set forth in this Indenture or a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have obtained actual knowledge. Delivery of reports,
information and documents to the Trustee under Section 5.03 is for informational purposes only and the information and the
Trustee’s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein, or determinable
from information contained therein including the Company’s compliance with any of their covenants thereunder (as to which
the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on an Officers’ Certificate).


 


Section 7.03          Trustee
Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities.


 


(a)            The
recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility
for the correctness of the same.


 


(b)            The
Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.


 


(c)            The
Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such
Securities, or for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture
or established pursuant to Section 2.01, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than
the Trustee.


 






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Section 7.04          May Hold
Securities.


 


The Trustee or any paying agent or Security
Registrar, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities with the same rights it would
have if it were not Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar.


 


Section 7.05          Moneys
Held in Trust.


 


Subject to the provisions of Section 11.05,
all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which
they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under
no liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon.


 


Section 7.06          Compensation
and Reimbursement.


 


(a)            The
Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall
not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as the Company and the Trustee
may from time to time agree in writing, for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created and in the
exercise and performance of any of the powers and duties hereunder of the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided
herein, the Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances
incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation
and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all Persons not regularly in its employ), except any such expense, disbursement
or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith and except as the Company and Trustee may from time to time agree in writing.
The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee (and its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold it harmless
against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising out of
or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending
itself against any claim of liability in the premises.


 


(b)            The
obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee
for reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder. Such additional indebtedness
shall be secured by a lien prior to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such,
except funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular Securities.


 


Section 7.07          Reliance
on Officers’ Certificate.


 


Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01,
whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it reasonably necessary or desirable
that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless
other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part
of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officers’ Certificate delivered to the Trustee
and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee
for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.


 






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Section 7.08          Disqualification;
Conflicting Interests.


 


If the Trustee has or shall acquire any
 “conflicting interest” within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and the
Company shall in all respects comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.


 


Section 7.09          Corporate
Trustee Required; Eligibility.


 


There shall at all times be a Trustee with
respect to the Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws
of the United States of America or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other Person
permitted to act as trustee by the Securities and Exchange Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers,
having a combined capital and surplus of at least fifty million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or examination
by federal, state, territorial, or District of Columbia authority.


 


If such corporation or other Person publishes
reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority,
then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other Person shall be deemed to
be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The Company may not, nor
may any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In
case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign
immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 7.10.


 


Section 7.10          Resignation
and Removal; Appointment of Successor.


 


(a)            The
Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving
written notice thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of resignation by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders
of such series, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the
Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate,
executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy
to the successor trustee. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 30 days after
the mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment
of a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide
holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition
any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper
and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.


 






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(b)            In
case at any time any one of the following shall occur:


 


(i)            the
Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section 7.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder
who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or


 


(ii)            the
Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.09 and shall fail to resign after written
request therefor by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or


 


(iii)            the
Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding,
or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or
control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation; then, in any
such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument,
in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed
and one copy to the successor trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at
least six months may, on behalf of that holder and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction
for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any,
as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.


 


(c)            The
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove
the Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such
series with the consent of the Company.


 


(d)            Any
resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant
to any of the provisions of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as
provided in Section 7.11.


 


(e)            Any
successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series
or all of such series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series.


 


Section 7.11          Acceptance
of Appointment By Successor.


 


(a)            In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed
shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and
thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further
act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the
request of the Company or the successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver
an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly
assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.


 






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(b)            In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series,
the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall
execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which
(i) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each
successor trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or
those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (ii) shall contain such provisions as shall be
deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect
to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the
retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to
provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that
nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such
Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by
any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or failure to act on the part of any other
Trustee hereunder; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the
retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall with respect to the
Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility
for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this
Indenture, and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the
appointment of such successor trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee
shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture,
the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to
which the appointment of such successor trustee relates.


 


(c)            Upon
request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in
and confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of
this Section, as the case may be.


 


(d)            No
successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified
and eligible under this Article.


 


(e)            Upon
acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession
of such trustee hereunder by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon
the Security Register. If the Company fails to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor
trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be transmitted at the expense of the Company.


 






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Section 7.12          Merger,
Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.


 


Any corporation into which the Trustee
may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or
consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the
Trustee, including the administration of the trust created by this Indenture, shall be the successor of the Trustee
hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.08 and eligible under the
provisions of Section 7.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the
parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but
not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating
Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor
Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.


 


Section 7.13          Preferential
Collection of Claims Against the Company.


 


The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of
the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.
A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent
included therein.


 


Section 7.14          Notice
of Default


 


If any Default or any Event of Default occurs
and is continuing and if such Default or Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail
to each Securityholder in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act notice of
the Default or Event of Default within 45 days after it occurs, unless such Default or Event of Default has been cured; provided,
however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security,
the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or
a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such
notice is in the interest of the Securityholders.


 


ARTICLE 8

CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS


 


Section 8.01          Evidence
of Action by Securityholders.


 


Whenever in this Indenture it is provided
that the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series may
take any action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any
other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders of such majority or specified percentage of that
series have joined therein may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders
of Securities of that series in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing.


 






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If the Company shall solicit from the
Securityholders of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, the
Company may, at its option, as evidenced by an Officers’ Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for
the determination of Securityholders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action may be given before or after the record date, but only the
Securityholders of record at the close of business on the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes
of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized
or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, and for
that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall be computed as of the record date; provided, however, that no
such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall
become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.


 


Section 8.02          Proof
of Execution by Securityholders.


 


Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01,
proof of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or his agent or proxy and
proof of the holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:


 


(a)            The
fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.


 


(b)            The
ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar
thereof.


 


The Trustee may require such additional proof of any matter
referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.


 


Section 8.03          Who
May be Deemed Owners.


 


Prior to the due presentment for registration
of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar may deem and treat the Person
in whose name such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or
not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the
Security Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to
Section 2.03) interest on such Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying
agent nor any Security Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.


 






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Section 8.04          Certain
Securities Owned by Company Disregarded.


 


In determining whether the holders of the
requisite aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any direction, consent or waiver under
this Indenture, the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series
or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company or any other obligor
on the Securities of that series


shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the
purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying
on any such direction, consent or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be
so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for the purposes of
this Section, if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect
to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or
indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor. In case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the
Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection to the Trustee.


 


Section 8.05          Actions
Binding on Future Securityholders.


 


At any time prior to (but not after) the
evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the holders of the majority or percentage
in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action,
any holder of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities the holders of which have
consented to such action may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 8.02,
revoke such action so far as concerns such Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall
be conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued
in exchange therefor, on registration of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard
thereto is made upon such Security. Any action taken by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount
of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding
upon the Company, the Trustee and the holders of all the Securities of that series.


 


ARTICLE 9

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES


 


Section 9.01          Supplemental
Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders.


 


In addition to any supplemental indenture
otherwise authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture
or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without
the consent of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:


 


(a)            to
cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency herein or in the Securities of any series;


 


(b)            to
comply with Article Ten;


 






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(c)            to
provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;


 


(d)            to
add to the covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions relating to the Company for the benefit of the holders of all or any
series of Securities (and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all
series of Securities, stating that such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are expressly being included solely for
the benefit of such series), to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional
covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of Default, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon
the Company;


 


(e)            to
add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue,
authentication, and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;


 


(f)            to
make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder in any material respect;


 


(g)            to
provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section 2.01,
to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities,
or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of Securities;


 


(h)            to
evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; or


 


(i)            to
comply with any requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of
this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.


 


The Trustee is hereby authorized to join
with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations
that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects
the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.


 


Any supplemental indenture authorized by
the provisions of this Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of any of
the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 9.02.


 


Section 9.02          Supplemental
Indentures With Consent of Securityholders.


 


With the consent (evidenced as
provided in Section 8.01) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
each series affected by such supplemental indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a
Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental
hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any
provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental
indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered by Section 9.01 the rights of the holders of the Securities of such
series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the holders
of each Security then Outstanding and affected thereby, (a) extend the fixed maturity of any Securities of any series,
or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any
premium payable upon the redemption thereof or (b) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities, the holders of which
are required to consent to any such supplemental indenture.


 






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It shall not be necessary for the consent
of the Securityholders of any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental
indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.


 


Section 9.03          Effect
of Supplemental Indentures.


 


Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture
pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, this Indenture shall, with respect to such series, be
and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations,
duties and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby
shall thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments,
and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions
of this Indenture for any and all purposes.


 


Section 9.04          Securities
Affected by Supplemental Indentures.


 


Securities of any series affected by a supplemental
indenture, authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or
of Section 10.01, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the requirements of any securities
exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall
so determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification
of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and
delivered in exchange for the Securities of that series then Outstanding.


 


Section 9.05          Execution
of Supplemental Indentures.


 


Upon the request of the Company,
accompanied by its Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with
the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join
with the Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the
Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its
discretion but shall not be obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of
Section 7.01, may receive an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any
supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article is authorized or permitted by, and conforms to, the terms of
this Article and that it is proper for the Trustee under the provisions of this Article to join in the execution
thereof; provided, however, that such Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in connection
with the execution of a supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to
Section 2.01 hereof.


 






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Promptly after the execution by the Company
and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first
class postage prepaid, a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the Securityholders
of all series affected thereby as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Any failure of the Trustee to mail
such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.


 


ARTICLE 10

SUCCESSOR ENTITY


 


Section 10.01        Company
May Consolidate, Etc.


 


Except as provided pursuant to
Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or
more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, nothing contained in this Indenture shall prevent any consolidation or merger
of the Company with or into any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company) or successive consolidations or
mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors shall be a party or parties, or shall prevent any sale,
conveyance, transfer or other disposition of the property of the Company or its successor or successors as an entirety, or
substantially as an entirety, to any other corporation (whether or not affiliated with the Company or its successor or
successors) authorized to acquire and operate the same; provided, however, (a) the Company hereby covenants and agrees
that, upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if the Company is not the survivor of such transaction), sale,
conveyance, transfer or other disposition, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if any) and interest on
all of the Securities of all series in accordance with the terms of each series, according to their tenor, and the due and
punctual performance and observance of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each series or
established with respect to such series pursuant to Section 2.01 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be
expressly assumed, by supplemental indenture (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, as then in
effect) reasonably satisfactory in form to the Trustee executed and delivered to the Trustee by the entity formed by such
consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the entity which shall have acquired such property and
(b) in the event that the Securities of any series then Outstanding are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of
common stock or other securities of the Company, such entity shall, by such supplemental indenture, make provision so that
the Securityholders of Securities of that series shall thereafter be entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange of such
Securities the number of securities or property to which a holder of the number of shares of common stock or other securities
of the Company deliverable upon conversion or exchange of those Securities would have been entitled had such conversion or
exchange occurred immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition.


 






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Section 10.02        Successor
Entity Substituted.


 


(a)            In
case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor
entity by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the obligations
set forth under Section 10.01 on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall succeed to and
be substituted for the Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor
corporation shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.


 


(b)            In
case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology and form (but
not in substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.


 


(c)            Nothing
contained in this Article shall require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into
the Company where the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise,
of all or any part of the property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).


 


Section 10.03        Evidence
of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee.


 


The Trustee, subject to the provisions of
Section 7.01, may receive an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation,
merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article.


 


ARTICLE 11

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE


 


Section 11.01        Satisfaction
and Discharge of Indenture.


 


If at any time: (a) the Company
shall have delivered to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated and not delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation (other than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that shall have
been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.07 and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental Obligations
have theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the Company
or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 11.05); or (b) all such Securities of a particular series not
theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due
and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
for the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit or cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust
funds the entire amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations or a combination thereof, sufficient in the opinion of a
nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the
Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date
fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder with respect to such series by the Company then this Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with
respect to such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03 and 7.10, that shall survive
until the date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, that shall survive to such
date and thereafter, and the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company shall execute
proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series.


 






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Section 11.02     Discharge
of Obligations.


 


If at any time all such Securities of a
particular series not heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due and payable as described
in Section 11.01 shall have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an
amount of Governmental Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all such Securities of that series not theretofore
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such
date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other
sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such series, then after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations,
as the case may be, are deposited with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to such series
shall cease to be of further effect except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4,01, 4.02, 4,03, 7.06, 7.10 and 11.05
hereof that shall survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid.


 


Thereafter, Sections 7.06 and 11.05 shall
survive.


 


Section 11.03     Deposited
Moneys to be Held in Trust.


 


All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited
with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be available for payment as due, either directly
or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the particular series of
Securities for the payment or redemption of which such moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.


 


Section 11.04     Payment
of Moneys Held by Paying Agents.


 


In connection with the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the provisions of
this Indenture shall, upon demand of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released
from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.


 


Section 11.05     Repayment
to Company.


 


Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited
with any paying agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of principal of or premium, if any, or
interest on the Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for
at least two years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such Securities shall have respectively
become due and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, shall
be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or upon the Company’s request or (if then held by the Company) shall
be discharged from such trust; and thereupon the paying agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with
respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment shall
thereafter, as a general creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.


 






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ARTICLE 12

IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS


 


Section 12.01     No
Recourse.


 


No recourse under or upon any obligation,
covenant or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall
be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor
or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue
of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly
understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal
liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such,
of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby
authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities
or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity
or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer
or director as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants
or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released
as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Securities.


 


ARTICLE 13

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS


 


Section 13.01     Effect
on Successors and Assigns.


 


All the covenants, stipulations, promises
and agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed
or not.


 


Section 13.02     Actions
by Successor.


 


Any act or proceeding by any provision of
this Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the Company shall and may be
done and performed with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at
the time be the lawful successor of the Company.


 






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Section 13.03     Surrender
of Company Powers.


 


The Company by instrument in writing executed
by authority of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers reserved to the Company, and
thereupon such power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.


 


Section 13.04     Notices.


 


Except as otherwise expressly provided herein,
any notice, request or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given, made or served by the
Trustee or by the holders of Securities or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or
served by being deposited in first class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Company
with the Trustee), as follows: Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Three Radnor Corporate Center, 100 Matsonford Rd., Suite 304,
Radnor, Pennsylvania 19087, Attn: Chief Financial Officer. Any notice, election, request or demand by the Company or any Securityholder
or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made,
for all purposes, if given or made in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.


 


Section 13.05     Governing
Law.


 


This Indenture and each Security shall be
deemed to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance
with the laws of said State, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.


 


Section 13.06     Treatment
of Securities as Debt.


 


It is intended that the Securities will
be treated as indebtedness and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this Indenture shall be interpreted
to further this intention.


 


Section 13.07     Certificates
and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent.


 


(a)          Upon
any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company
shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture
(other than the certificate to be delivered pursuant to Section 13.12) relating to the proposed action have been complied
with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with,
except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required
by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need
be furnished.


 






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(b)          Each
certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition
or covenant in this Indenture shall include (i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such
covenant or condition; (ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the
statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the opinion of such
Person, he has made such examination or investigation as is reasonably necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as
to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (iv) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion
of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.


 


Section 13.08     Payments
on Business Days.


 


Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01
pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental
to this Indenture, in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of
any Security shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding
Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue
for the period after such nominal date.


 


Section 13.09     Conflict
with Trust Indenture Act.


 


If and to the extent that any provision
of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture
Act, such imposed duties shall control.


 


Section 13.10     Counterparts.


 


This Indenture may be executed in any number
of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.


 


Section 13.11     Separability.


 


In case any one or more of the
provisions contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal
or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of
this Indenture or of such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal
or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein or therein.


 


Section 13.12     Compliance
Certificates.


 


The Company shall deliver to the Trustee,
within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were outstanding, an officer’s
certificate stating whether or not the signers know of any Default or Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year. Such
certificate shall contain a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting
officer of the Company that a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company’s performance under
this Indenture and that the Company has complied with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section 13.12,
such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture.
If the officer of the Company signing such certificate has knowledge of such a Default or Event of Default, the certificate shall
describe any such Default or Event of Default and its status.


 






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In
Witness Whereof, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first
above written.


 


		Marinus
    Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
	 	 
	 	By:	                                  
	 	Name:	 
	 	Title: 	 
	 	 
	 	[Trustee],
    as Trustee
	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	Name:	 
	 	Title:	 




 






     


     


    

 


CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE (1)


 


	Section of Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as Amended	 	Section of Indenture
	310(a)	 	7.09
	310(b)	 	7.08
	 	 	7.10
	310(c)	 	Inapplicable
	311(a)	 	7.13
	311(b)	 	7.13
	311(c)	 	Inapplicable
	312(a)	 	5.01
	 	 	5.02(a)
	312(b)	 	5.02(c)
	312(c)	 	5.02(c)
	313(a)	 	5.04(a)
	313(b)	 	5.04(b)
	313(c)	 	5.04(a)
	 	 	5.04(b)
	313(d)	 	5.04(c)
	314(a)	 	5.03
	 	 	13.12
	314(b)	 	Inapplicable
	314(c)	 	13.07(a)
	314(d)	 	Inapplicable
	314(e)	 	13.07(b)
	314(f)	 	Inapplicable
	315(a)	 	7.01(a)
	 	 	7.01(b)
	315(b)	 	7.14
	315(c)	 	7.01
	315(d)	 	7.01(b)
	315(e)	 	6.07
	316(a)	 	6.06
	 	 	8.04
	316(b)	 	6.04
	316(c)	 	8.01
	317(a)	 	6.02
	317(b)	 	4.03
	318(a)	 	13.09



 


	(1)	This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of the Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions.