USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service 

Annual Sampling Summary Report 

Fiscal Year 2022 

U.S. Department of Agriculture Food 

Safety and Inspection Service 
Table of Contents 

Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 3 

Summary of Sampling................................................................................................................. 3 

1. Domestic Microbiological Sampling .................................................................................... 3 

Raw Beef Products.............................................................................................................. 3 

Raw Pork Products.............................................................................................................. 8 

Raw Siluriformes Products ................................................................................................... 9 

Raw Poultry Products .........................................................................................................10 

Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Products................................................................................................15 

2. Domestic Chemical Residue Sampling ................................................................................17 

National Residue Program...................................................................................................17 

a. Surveillance Sampling Plan ...........................................................................................17 

b. Inspector-Generated Sampling Plan...............................................................................22 

3. Import Sampling.............................................................................................................26 

a. Import Microbiological Sampling ...................................................................................26 

b. Import Residue Sampling .............................................................................................28 

4. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) Initiatives.....................................................................31 

5. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS)............................................31 

6. Other Sampling ..............................................................................................................32 

Conclusion...............................................................................................................................33 

2 
Introduction 

The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) inspects meat, poultry, 

and egg products to ensure that the food produced is safe, wholesome, and properly labeled. 

Verification activities serve to protect the public from foodborne hazards. A key FSIS inspection 

verification activity is the sampling of product for microbiological contaminants or chemical residues. 

Each new fiscal year (FY), FSIS develops its Annual Sampling Plan in alignment with the Agency’s 

Strategic Plan goals, outcomes, objectives and measures, as well as the Agency’s Annual Plan. The 

Annual Sampling Plan identifies changes planned to FSIS sampling programs and describes the Agency’s 

overall strategy for directing its sampling resources. This report, the FY 2022 Annual Sampling 

Summary Report, summarizes the activities and provides an overview of results for the products the 

Agency sampled during FY 2022 (October 1, 2021 – September 30, 2022). 

FSIS routinely evaluates sampling data, posts these data (including establishment-specific datasets) to 

the FSIS website, and shares data through quarterly letters directly with regulated establishments. These 

data include FSIS pathogen verification data, FSIS National Residue Program data, and import data. 

These data are used in a variety of ways, including monitoring the effectiveness of Hazard Analysis and 

Critical Control Points plans, informing Agency policymaking, estimating public health impact, and 

advising strategic and performance planning. 

Summary of Sampling 

Each sampling project has a unique description name and alphanumeric data system code; both are 

commonly used when discussing sampling projects and are included in this report. For microbiological 

analyses, FSIS analyzes sampling data and calculates either percent positive or prevalence. “Percent 

positive” is defined as the percentage of samples of a specific FSIS-regulated product where a specific 

pathogen is detected. “Prevalence” is defined as the estimated proportion, nationally, of a specific FSISregulated product with a specific pathogen. In FY 2022, microbiological sampling results include 

Salmonella isolates, the top three serotypes, associated with given FSIS-regulated products. Additionally, 

sanitary indicator organisms (Aerobic and Enterobacteriaceae) are summarized for applicable 

commodities in this report. More information on sampling definitions can be found on the FSIS website 

sampling results data dictionary. 

This report separates sampling results into various sections: domestic microbiological sampling, 

domestic chemical residue sampling as conducted through the National Residue Program, import 

sampling, and all other sampling. FSIS continues to focus on its mission to protect public health and 

prevent foodborne illness in several different ways. Each section in the report below identifies any new 

sampling activities designed to further food safety and policy changes. 

1. Domestic Microbiological Sampling 

Raw Beef Products 

FSIS collects raw beef samples from Federally inspected establishments and retail firms to verify that 

products are not adulterated and that establishments have systems in place to address pathogens. FSIS 

schedules sample collection monthly by randomly selecting establishments from the current population 

that produces eligible products. The frequency of sampling at any establishment is based on the volume 

of eligible products (FSIS Directive 10,010.1). FSIS analyzes raw beef products from establishments for 

3 
Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and Salmonella and 

samples from retail for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella (Table 1). 

Follow-up samples are a tool FSIS uses to verify whether the establishment has taken effective 

corrective action in response to the initial STEC positive detected through routine FSIS verification 

testing. FSIS collects raw beef follow-up samples in response to a STEC-positive finding from routine 

sampling. FSIS analyzes ground beef follow-up samples for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. FSIS analyzes 

beef trim follow-up samples for E. coli O157:H7, non-O157 STEC, and Salmonella. For ground beef 

product or bench trim samples that are positive for STEC, FSIS also collects follow-up samples from 

suppliers when suppliers provide source materials (Table 4). Follow-up samples may also be collected at 

retail and tested for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in response to a positive result. 

For more information on source materials sampled, the sample project summary, sample method, and 

product sampled see the FSIS Directive 10,010.1 Informational Dashboard and select the appropriate 

sample code for more information. 

Table 1. FSIS’ Raw Beef Verification Sampling 

FSIS has five verification sampling codes and corresponding follow-up sampling codes 

Raw Beef Sampling Sample Project Description Corresponding Follow-Up 

Verification Code Sampling Code 

MT43 Raw ground beef MT53 or MT441 

MT60 Beef manufacturing trimmings produced from MT53 

cattle slaughtered onsite 

MT64 Raw ground beef components other than trim, MT53 

produced from cattle slaughtered onsite 

MT65 Bench trim produced from cattle not MT52 or MT53 

slaughtered onsite 

MT05 Raw ground beef in commerce MT06 1FSIS also conducts MT44T follow-up sampling for positive samples not from FSIS verification sampling (e.g., traceback related 

to outbreaks). 

4 
Table 2. FY 2022 Summary of FSIS’ Raw Beef Verification Sampling Programs 

FY 2022 results for FSIS’ five verification sampling codes for detecting E. coli O157:H7 and/or non-O157 STECs (including O23, O45, O103, O111, 

O121, and O145) and Salmonella (including the top 3 serotypes for each sampling project) in raw beef product samples. 

Number of 

Establishments 

Sampled 

Number of 

Samples 

Analyzed 

Number 

Positive 

Top 3 Salmonella 

serotypes per sampling 

project1 

Type of 

Calculation2 

Prevalence or 

Percent Positive 

Calculation 

Product Name Pathogen and Project Code 

E. coli O157:H7 1,243 10,737 5 N/A Prevalence 0.01% 

Raw Ground Beef Montevideo (26) 14.0% 

MT43 Salmonella spp. 1,243 10,738 186 Infantis (20) 10.8% Prevalence 2.76% 

Anatum (16) 8.6% 

Beef 

Manufacturing 

Trim 

MT60 

E. coli O157:H7 

non-O157 STEC 

Salmonella spp. 

545 

542 

545 

3,713 

3,667 

3,714 

3 

22 

82 

N/A 

N/A 

Montevideo (16) 19.5% 

Anatum (10) 12.2% 

Dublin (6) 7.3% 

Prevalence 

Prevalence 

Prevalence 

0.001% 

0.34% 

1.94% 

Raw Ground Beef E. coli O157:H7 128 1,352 6 N/A Percent Positive 0.44% 

Components Anatum (11) 20.4% 

other than Trim Salmonella spp. 128 1,352 54 Montevideo (8) 14.8% Percent Positive 3.99% 

MT64 Muenster (5) 9.3% 

E. coli O157:H7 487 1,459 1 N/A Percent Positive 0.07% 

Bench Trim Anatum (1) 33.3% 

MT65 Salmonella spp. 487 1,459 3 Brandenburg (1) 33.3% Percent Positive 0.21% 

Cerro (1) 33.3% 

Raw Ground Beef 

In-Commerce 

MT053 

E. coli O157:H7 

Salmonella spp. 

524 

524 

525 

525 

0 

11 

N/A 

Infantis (2) 18.2% 

Enteritidis (1) 9.1% 

Mbandaka (1) 9.1% 

Percent Positive 

Percent Positive 

0% 

2.1% 

1 Percent of each serotype = (Number of isolates of the serotype/total number of Salmonella from the sampling project). The numerator is within parentheses. 

2 Percent positive is 100*(the total number of positive samples divided by the total number of tested samples). Prevalence is a calculated percentage that takes into account 

establishment production volumes and the volume of contaminated product. See the sampling results data dictionary on the FSIS website for a detailed description of 

prevalence. 

3 MT05 ground beef samples are collected from retail firms, not Federal establishments. 

5 
Table 3. FY 2022 Summary of FSIS’ Beef Sanitary Indicator Organisms 

FY 2022 results for FSIS’ beef sanitary indicator organisms (Aerobic plate count MPN/ml) in raw beef 

product samples. 

Product Name and 

Project Code 

Number of 

Establishments 

Sampled 

Number of 

Samples 

Analyzed 

Number of 

Samples 

Detected 

Mean Plate 

Count1 (MPN/mL) 

Percent 

Detection2 

Sampling of Beef 

Manufacturing Trimmings 

MT60 

422 1,536 695 3.7 x 104 45.2% 

Cloth Sampling of Beef 

Manufacturing Trimmings 

MT60_CLOTH 

422 1,531 1,200 1.4 x 105 78.4% 

Beef Slaughter Waiver 

Sampling - Postintervention/Pre-chill 

MT_PRECH 

5 279 110 2.5 x 103 39.4% 

Beef Slaughter Waiver 

Sampling - Preevisceration/Post-hide 

removal 

5 279 267 4.1 x 104 95.7% 

MT_PSTHR 

1 Mean of the results of every sample (greater than 10 MPN/ml) in countable range with +/- std). 

2 Percent detection (% of samples greater than 10 MPN/ml detected over number of positive samples divided by the total 

number of tested samples). 

6 
Table 4. FY 2022 Summary of FSIS’ Beef Follow-Up Sampling Programs 

FY 2022 follow-up testing results in raw beef product samples in response to samples positive for either E. coli O157:H7 or non-O157 STEC in the 

verification sampling projects are shown. 

Number of 

Establishments 

Sampled 

Number of 

Samples 

Analyzed 

Number 

Positive 

Percent Positive 

Calculation Product Name and Project Code1 Pathogen 

Raw Ground Beef E. coli O157:H7 2 31 0 0.0% 

MT44 

Trim and Components 

MT52 

Salmonella spp. 

E. coli O157:H7 

non-O157 STEC 

Salmonella spp. 

E. coli O157:H7 

2 

4 

4 

4 

6 

31 

41 

41 

41 

54 

0 

0 

0 

4 

1 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

9.76% 

1.85% 

MT44T non-O157 STEC 6 54 0 0.0% 

Beef Manufacturing Trim 

MT53 

Salmonella spp. 

E. coli O157:H7 

non-O157 STEC 

Salmonella spp. 

6 

36 

34 

36 

54 

534 

472 

534 

1 

0 

2 

14 

1.85% 

0.0% 

0.42% 

2.62% 1No MT06 samples were collected in FY 2022. 

7 
Raw Pork Products 

FSIS tests raw pork products samples for Salmonella and aerobic count indicator organisms. FSIS began 

sampling raw pork products in May 2015 (80 FR 3940) to test for pathogens of public health concern. In 

2019, FSIS focused sample collection on eligible establishments producing greater than 6,000 pounds of 

comminuted product and eligible establishments producing greater than 50,000 pounds per day of pork 

cuts, both intact and non-intact (Table 5). 

Table 5. FSIS’ Raw Pork Sampling 

FSIS has two raw pork sampling codes. FSIS does not conduct follow-up sampling for pork products. 

Raw Pork Sample Project Description Establishment Volume 

Sampling Code 

HC_PK_CUT01 Intact and Non-Intact Pork 

Cuts 

1,001 – 50,000 lbs/day 

HC_PK_CUT01 Intact and Non-Intact Pork 

Cuts 

>50,000 lbs/day 

HC_PK_COM01 Comminuted Pork 1,0001 – 6,000 lbs/day 

HC_PK_COM01 Comminuted Pork >6,000 lbs/day 

Table 6. FY 2022 Results for FSIS’ Raw Pork Sampling Program 

FY 2022 results for exploratory sampling in raw pork products to detect Salmonella are shown below. 

This is considered exploratory sampling because FSIS is evaluating the results to inform future policy or 

procedures. FSIS does not take action in response to exploratory sampling results. 

Product Name Number of Number of Top 3 Salmonella Percent Number and Pathogen Establishments Samples serotypes per Positive Positive Project Code Sampled Analyzed sampling project1 Calculation 

Comminuted Anatum (178) 14.6% Salmonella Pork 302 6,356 1,218 Infantis (103) 8.5% 19.16% 

spp. HC_PK_COM01 I 4,[5],12:i:-(97) 7.9% 

I 4,[5],12:i:- (25) Intact and Non- Salmonella 13.6% Intact Pork Cuts 101 2,354 184 7.82% 

spp. Infantis (20) 10.9% HC_PK_CUT01 Derby (16) 8.7% 1 Percent of each serotype = (Number of isolates of the serotype/total number of Salmonella from the sampling project). The 

numerator is within parentheses. 

8 
Table 7. FY 2022 Summary of FSIS’ Raw Pork Sanitary Indicator Organisms 

FY 2022 results for FSIS’ pork sanitary indicator organisms (Aerobic plate count MPN/g) in raw pork 

product samples. 

Product Name and 

Project Code 

Number of 

Establishments 

Sampled 

Number of 

Samples 

Analyzed 

Number of 

Samples 

Detected 

Mean Plate 

Count1 (MPN/g) 

Percent 

Detection2 

Comminuted Pork 

HC_PK_COM01 302 6,313 6,303 8.0 x 104 99.8% 

Intact and Non-Intact 

Pork Cuts 101 2,347 2,346 3.5 x 104 99.9% 

HC_PK_CUT01 

1 Mean of the results of every sample (greater than 10 MPN/g) in countable range with +/- std). 

2 Percent detection (% of samples greater than 10 MPN/g detected over number of positive samples divided by the total 

number of tested samples). 

Raw Siluriformes Products 

FSIS began sampling raw fish of the order Siluriformes in May 2016 (FSIS Directive 14,010.1) for 

Salmonella. In April 2022, FSIS published a report, Data Summary of Siluriformes Fish Testing: A FiveYear Review, FY 2016-2020, which describes the decline in Salmonella and chemical residues in 

Siluriformes fish during 5 years (2016-2022). Based on consumer cooking practices, lack of recent 

outbreaks attributed to Siluriformes fish, and low percent positives detected, FSIS announced the 

suspension (July 13, 2022) of its current FSIS Salmonella sampling program for Siluriformes fish and fish 

products. 

Table 8. FY 2022 Siluriformes Sampling Results 

FY 2022 results for FSIS exploratory raw Siluriformes product sampling are shown. This program is 

exploratory because FSIS does not take any action in response to these results and is evaluating them to 

inform future policy or procedures. Samples are collected monthly from eligible establishments. 

Product Name Number of Number of Top 3 Salmonella Percent Number and Pathogen Establishments Samples serotypes per sampling Positive Positive Project Code Sampled Analyzed1 project2 Calculation 

Raw Typhimurium (4) 40.0% Salmonella Siluriformes 71 464 10 Newport (2) 20.0% 2.16% 

spp. EXP_FI_MIC01 Braenderup (1) 10.0% 1 The sampling program was suspended in July 2022, so the number of samples only represents 7 months of production 

2 Percent of each serotype = (Number of isolates of the serotype/total number of Salmonella from the sampling project). The 

numerator is within parentheses. 

9 
Raw Poultry Products 

FSIS samples Federally inspected establishments to verify whether eligible products meet applicable 

Salmonella performance standards (81 FR 7285). 1 Eligible products were scheduled for sampling 1 to 5 

times per month throughout the year (based on volume of product produced at establishments), 

thereby allowing FSIS to define a category2 for each product, based on 10 to 60 sample results. All 

samples are tested for Salmonella and Campylobacter (Table 9). Other products (quarter or half chicken 

carcasses and mechanically separated chicken and turkey) were also sampled but at lower numbers per 

establishment (Table 9). These other products are under exploratory sampling and not under 

performance standards. In April and August 2022, FSIS revised the Young Chicken Carcass Exploratory 

Sampling Program (FSIS Notice 21-22 which was replaced by FSIS Notice 44-22). The notices added a 

new hot rehang sampling point to collect information on aerobic counts, Salmonella presence and 

enumeration for comparison with the existing post-chill sampling location. 

1 Product eligibility described at FSIS Establishment Eligibility Criteria for the Salmonella Verification Sampling Program and FSIS 

Scheduling Algorithm for the Salmonella Verification Sampling Program for Raw Meat and Poultry (usda.gov) 

2 Salmonella Verification Testing Program Monthly Posting | Food Safety and Inspection Service (usda.gov) 

10 
Table 9. FY 2022 Sampling Result Summary for FSIS’ Raw Poultry Sampling Programs 

FY 2022 sampling results for Salmonella and Campylobacter in raw poultry product samples are shown. Results do not include follow-up sample 

data. 

Number Prevalence or Number of of Number Top 3 Salmonella serotypes Type of Percent Establishmen Samples Positive per sampling project1 Calculation Positive ts Sampled Analyzed Calculation 

Product Name 

and Pathogen 

Project Code 

Kentucky (188) 47.0% Chicken Whole Salmonella spp. 206 9,652 400 Infantis (68) 17.0% Prevalence 4.14% Carcasses Enteritidis (43) 10.8% HC_CH_CARC01 Campylobacter spp. 206 9,644 1,867 N/A Prevalence 19.36% 

Chicken Quarter 

or Half Carcasses 

EXP_CPT_QH01 1 

Salmonella spp. 

Campylobacter spp. 

57 

57 

82 

82 

5 

28 

Infantis (2) 40.0% 

Kentucky (1) 20.0% 

Typhimurium (1) 20.0% 

N/A 

Percent Positive 

Percent Positive 

6.10% 

34.15% 

Chicken Parts - Infantis (338) 30.8% 

Legs, Breasts, Salmonella spp. 482 14,389 1,096 Kentucky (268) 24.5% Prevalence 7.62% 

Wings Enteritidis (205) 18.7% 

HC_CPT_LBW01 Campylobacter spp. 482 14,380 2,306 N/A Prevalence 16.04% 

Comminuted 

Chicken 

HC_CH_COM01 

Salmonella spp. 

Campylobacter spp. 

66 

66 

1,765 

1,749 

427 

100 

Infantis (173) 40.5% 

Enteritidis (69) 16.2% 

Kentucky (66) 15.5% 

N/A 

Prevalence 

Prevalence 

24.2% 

5.72% 

Mechanically Infantis (41) 43.6% 

Separated Salmonella spp. 27 116 94 Kentucky (31) 33.0% Percent Positive 81.03% 

Chicken2 Schwarzengrund (5) 5.32% 

EXP_CH_MSK01 Campylobacter spp. 27 116 84 N/A Percent Positive 72.41% 

Turkey Whole 

Carcasses 

HC_TU_CARC01 

Salmonella spp. 

Campylobacter spp. 

43 

43 

1,624 

1,623 

6 

13 

I 4,[5],12:i:- (2) 33.3% 

Reading (2) 33.3% 

Amsterdam (1) 16.7% 

N/A 

Prevalence 

Prevalence 

0.37% 

0.80% 

11 
Number Prevalence or Number of of Number Top 3 Salmonella serotypes Type of Percent Establishmen Samples Positive per sampling project1 Calculation Positive ts Sampled Analyzed Calculation 

Product Name 

and Pathogen 

Project Code 

Comminuted 

Turkey 

HC_TU_COM01 

Mechanically 

Separated 

Turkey2EXP_TU_M 

SK01 

Salmonella spp. 

Campylobacter spp. 

Salmonella spp. 

Campylobacter spp. 

44 

44 

12 

12 

1,263 

1,258 

96 

96 

186 

11 

37 

26 

Hadar (23) 12.4% 

Schwarzengrund (21) 11.3% 

Reading (19) 10.2% 

N/A 

Schwarzengrund (7) 18.9% 

Senftenberg (7) 18.9% 

Infantis (6) 16.2% 

N/A 

Prevalence 

Prevalence 

Percent Positive 

Percent Positive 

14.73% 

0.87% 

38.54% 

27.08% 

Heavy Fowl 

Carcasses 

HC_HF_CARC01 

Salmonella spp. 

Campylobacter spp. 

3 

3 

176 

176 

7 

50 

Enteritidis (4) 57.1% 

Hadar (1) 14.3% 

Kentucky (1) 14.3% 

N/A 

Percent Positive 

Percent Positive 

3.98% 

28.41% 

Exploratory Young 

Chicken Carcass 

Rehang Sampling2 

EX_CHCAR_RH1 

Salmonella spp. 

Campylobacter spp. 

203 

1 

3,896 

1 

2,376 

0 

Kentucky (991) 41.7% 

Infantis (776) 32.3% 

Typhimurium (207) 8.7% 

N/A 

Percent Positive 

Percent Positive 

60.99% 

0.00% 

1 Percent of each serotype = (Number of isolates of the serotype/total number of Salmonella from the sampling project). The numerator is within parentheses. 

2 Exploratory sampling projects. 

12 
Table 10. FY 2022 Summary of FSIS’ Raw Poultry Sanitary Indicator Organisms 

FY 2022 results for FSIS’ poultry sanitary indicator organisms (Aerobic plate count MPN/ml) in raw poultry product samples. 

Product Name and Project 

Code Indicator 

Number of 

Establishments 

Sampled 

Number of 

Samples 

Analyzed 

Number of 

Samples 

Detected 

Mean Plate Count1 

(MPN/mL) 

Percent 

Detection2 

Chicken Whole Carcasses Aerobic plate count 203 3,888 3,884 1.1 x 105 99.9% 

HC_CH_CARC01 Enterobacteriaceae 203 3,891 3,845 1.1 x 104 98.8% 

Exploratory Young Chicken Aerobic plate count 204 3,976 2,795 7.7 x 103 70.3% 

Carcass Rehang Sampling 

EX_CHCAR_RH1 Enterobacteriaceae 204 3,970 666 2.7 x 103 16.8% 

1 Mean of the results of every sample (greater than 10 MPN/ml) in countable range with +/- std). 

2 Percent detection (% of samples greater than 10 MPN/ml detected over number of positive samples divided by the total number of tested samples). 

13 
Table 11. FY 2022 Follow-Up Sampling Result Summary for FSIS’ Raw Poultry Sampling Programs 

FY 2022 follow-up sampling results for detecting Salmonella in raw poultry product samples are shown below. Follow-up sampling is assigned 

when an establishment does not meet a Salmonella performance standard (i.e., is in Category 3). FSIS Salmonella follow-up sampling results 

provide a snapshot of a specific establishment’s performance based on intensified sample collection after the establishment implemented 

corrective actions, which can assist FSIS personnel during a Public Health Risk Evaluation or Food Safety Assessment. For this reason, the 

aggregated set of data reflects FSIS’ efforts to collect follow-up samples but does not provide overall information about individual establishment 

performance 

Number of Number of Top 3 Salmonella Product Name and Number Type of Percent Positive Pathogen Establishments Samples serotypes per sampling Project Code Positive Calculation Calculation Sampled Analyzed project1 

Chicken Whole 

Carcasses 

F_CH_CARC01 

Salmonella spp. 28 397 38 

Kentucky (21) 55.3% 

Infantis (7) 18.4% 

Typhimurium (5) 13.2% 

Percent 

Positive 9.57% 

Chicken Parts - Legs, 

Breasts, Wings 

F_CPT_LBW01 

Salmonella spp. 73 1093 160 

Infantis (55) 34.4% 

Kentucky (33) 20.6% 

Enteritidis (24) 15.0% 

Percent 

Positive 14.64% 

Comminuted 

Chicken 

F_CH_COM01 

Salmonella spp. 14 137 70 

Infantis (21) 30.0% 

Kentucky (15) 21.4% 

Enteritidis (12) 17.1% 

Percent 

Positive 51.09% 

Comminuted Turkey 

F_TU_COM01 Salmonella spp. 9 112 14 

Anatum (3) 21.4% 

Senftenberg (3) 21.4% 

I 4,[5],12:i:- (2) 14.3% 

Percent 

Positive 12.5% 

1 Percent of each serotype = (Number of isolates of the serotype/total number of Salmonella from the sampling project). The numerator is within parentheses. 

14 
Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Products 

FSIS conducts microbiological testing of all RTE meat, poultry, and egg products for Lm and Salmonella, which are adulterants in these products. 

FSIS collects RTE product samples and environmental swab samples under various RTE sampling programs; see RTE Meat and Poultry Products 

Microbiological Sampling Programs. 

Table 12. FY 2022 Ready-to-Eat Product Sampling Results 

FY 2022 sampling results for FSIS RTE microbiological sampling programs are reported for Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) and Salmonella, if 

applicable. 

Number of Number of Top 3 Salmonella Number Percent Positive Establishments Samples serotypes per sampling Positive Calculation Sampled Analyzed project1 

Product Name and Project Pathogen Code 

Post-lethality exposed (PLE) 

and non-PLE products 

selected randomly 

RTEPROD_RAND 

PLE products selected by risk 

RTEPROD_RISK 

Intensified Verification 

Testing (IVT/for-cause) food 

contact surface samples 

INTCONT 

Listeria 

monocytogenes (Lm) 

Salmonella spp. 

Listeria 

monocytogenes (Lm) 

Salmonella spp. 

Listeria 

monocytogenes (Lm) 

Salmonella spp. 

2,182 

2,182 

1,650 

1,650 

48 

8 

7,037 

7,036 

7,733 

7,733 

740 

26 

33 

4 

24 

5 

10 

0 

N/A 

Infantis (1) 25.0% 

Muenchen (1) 25.0% 

Senftenberg (1) 25.0% 

N/A 

Infantis (2) 40.0% 

Muenchen (1) 20.0% 

Newport (1) 20.0% 

N/A 

N/A 

0.47% 

0.06% 

0.31% 

0.06% 

1.34% 

0.00% 

IVT non-food contact 

environmental 

Listeria 

monocytogenes (Lm) 48 375 33 N/A 8.8% 

INTENV Salmonella spp. 8 120 1 Muenchen (1) 100.0% 0. 83% 

15 
Product Name and Project Pathogen Code 

Number of Number of Top 3 Salmonella Number Percent Positive Establishments Samples serotypes per sampling Positive Calculation Sampled Analyzed project1 

IVT product 

INTPROD 

Listeria 

monocytogenes (Lm) 

Salmonella spp. 

47 

8 

345 

75 

2 

0 

N/A 

N/A 

0.58% 

0.00% 

Routine risk-based Lm 

(RLm/risk-based) food 

contact surfaces 

Listeria 

monocytogenes (Lm) 227 2,963 4 N/A 0.13% 

RLMCONT 

RLm non-food contact 

environmental (composite of 

5-swabs) 

Listeria 

monocytogenes (Lm) 224 294 32 N/A 10.88% 

RLMENVC2 

RLm product (composite of 

five 25-gram products from 

same lot) 

Listeria 

monocytogenes (Lm) 227 298 2 N/A 0.67% 

RLMPRODC 

1 Percent of each serotype = (Number of isolates of the serotype/total number of Salmonella from the sampling project). The numerator is within parentheses. 

2 Includes two RLMENVR noncomposited brine samples that were negative. 

16 
Table 13. RTE Egg Products FY 2022 Sampling Results 

FY 2022 microbiological sampling of liquid and dried pasteurized egg products tested for 

Lm and Salmonella are shown. 

Number of Number of Percent 

Product Name and Establishments Samples Number Positive 

Project Code Pathogen Sampled Analyzed Positive Calculation 

Listeria Egg Product Sampling 22 308 0 0.0% monocytogenes (Lm) - Dried Egg Products 

EGG_DY_MIC01 Salmonella spp. 22 308 0 0.0% 

Egg Product Sampling Listeria 47 1,204 0 0.0% - Liquid / Frozen Egg monocytogenes (Lm) 

Products Salmonella spp. 47 1,204 2 0.17% EGG_LQ_MIC01 

2. Domestic Chemical Residue Sampling 

National Residue Program 

The U.S. National Residue Program (NRP) guides the sampling of domestic and imported meat, poultry, 

and egg product samples for chemical residue testing: see Residue Chemistry. Information about 

sampling of imported product is below. The NRP includes surveillance sampling, inspector-generated 

sampling, and special project sampling in both Federal and State-inspected slaughter establishments. 

a. Surveillance Sampling Plan 

Surveillance sampling is the scheduled sampling of specified slaughter subclasses at the time of 

slaughter, after a carcass has passed antemortem inspection. In FY 2022, 9 analytical methods were 

used to screen for approximately 250 different veterinary drugs, pesticides, and environmental 

contaminants. In FY 2022, detected residue violations () consisted of the following residues: diclofenac 

(6), metolachlor (4), carbadox (4), flunixin (2), moxidectin (2), salbutamol (4), and one instance each for 

ceftiofur, florfenicol, gamithromycin, ketoprofen, lasalocid, meloxicam, nitrofurazone, piperonyl 

butoxide, ractopamine, and sulfadimethoxine. In some cases, sample violations were associated with 

multiple residues in a single sample and multiple tissue types from a single animal. 

17 
Table 14. Summary of FY 2022 NRP Surveillance Sampling Residue Results 

FY 2022 summary of surveillance sampling results from FSIS inspector-collected muscle, kidney, and liver tissue from carcasses and parts is 

shown. 

Number of Samples Analyzed by Animal Class 

Total 

Samples 

Number of NonDetect Samples 

Number of NonViolative Positive 

Samples 

Number of 

Violative Samples 

Animal Animal 

Category Category 

Beef Cows 839 826 11 2 

Bob Veal 336 330 3 3 

Dairy Cows 820 811 3 6 

Bovine Formula-Fed Veal 63 63 -- --

Heifers 434 432 1 1 

Non-Formula-Fed Veal 46 45 1 --

Steers 417 414 1 2 

Feral Swine 52 52 -- --

Porcine Market Swine 

Roaster Swine 

834 

268 

830 

264 

4 

--

--

4 

Sows 745 738 5 2 

Young Chickens 409 408 1 --

Poultry Whole Chickens 366 362 4 --

Young Turkeys 843 839 4 --

Goats 292 287 3 2 

Lambs 90 89 1 -- Other Mature Sheep 86 83 2 1 Species Siluriformes (Catfish) 590 572 11 7 

Egg Products 156 155 1 --

Annual Total 7,530 7,445 55 30 

18 
Table 15. FY 2022 Number Collected NRP Surveillance Sampling Residues by Chemical Method 

FY 2022 number collected surveillance sampling residue sampling summary is shown reflecting the number of samples (carcasses) analyzed per 

chemical method per animal class. 

Animal 

Category 

Animal 

Class Aminoglycosides 

Number of Samples Analyzed per Chemical Method 

Antifungal Carbadox Metals MRM1 Nitrofurans Pesticides 

Dyes 

PFAS2 Speciation 

Beef Cows 839 -- -- 152 839 -- 554 -- --

Bob Veal 336 -- -- 116 336 -- 216 -- --

Dairy Cows 820 -- -- 138 820 -- 524 -- --

Bovine Formula-Fed Veal 63 -- -- 3 63 -- 13 -- --

Heifers 434 -- -- 129 434 -- 268 -- --

Non- Formula Fed Veal 46 -- -- 1 46 -- 7 -- --

Steers 417 -- -- 143 417 -- 243 -- --

Feral Swine -- -- -- -- -- -- 52 43 --

Porcine Market Swine 

Roaster Swine 

834 

--

--

--

--

268 

161 

--

834 

--

--

--

555 

--

164 

--

--

--

Sows 745 -- -- 145 745 -- 475 162 --

Young Chickens 409 -- -- 121 409 72 227 162 --

Poultry Whole Chickens 366 -- -- -- 363 362 366 2 --

Young Turkeys 843 -- -- 194 841 195 460 -- --

Goats 292 -- -- -- 292 -- 76 -- -- Other Lambs 90 -- -- -- 89 -- 41 -- -- Species Mature Sheep 86 -- -- -- 86 -- 43 -- --

Siluriformes (Catfish) -- 282 -- 282 544 263 399 122 327 

Egg Products -- -- -- -- 151 -- 152 -- --

Annual Total 6,620 282 268 1,585 7,309 892 4,671 655 327 1 MRM: multiresidue method 

2 PFAS: polyfluoroalkyl substances 

19 
Table 16. Summary FY 2022 Surveillance Sampling Residue Violations by Animal Class 

List of FY 2022 surveillance sampling residue violations, including specific compound, concentration, tolerance, and regulatory citation by animal 

class is shown. 

Tolerance Authority1 

Tissue Compound Concentration Units Level Value (CFR Citation) 

Animal 

Category 

Liver Salbutamol * * * Not Approved1 

Beef Cow Muscle Salbutamol * * * Not Approved1 

Liver Sulfadimethoxine 0.795 PPM 0.100 21 CFR 556.640 Beef Cow Muscle Sulfadimethoxine 0.688 PPM 0.100 21 CFR 556.640 

Dairy Cow Muscle Salbutamol * * * Not Approved1 

Bob Veal Kidney Gamithromycin * * * Not Approved1 

Bob Veal Kidney Flunixin * * * 21 CFR 552.970 

Bob Veal Muscle Ketoprofen * * * Not Approved1 

Dairy Cow Muscle Piperonyl Butoxide 0.116 PPM 0.100 40 CFR 180.127 

Dairy Cow Kidney Desfuroylceftiofur 2.75 PPM 0.400 21 CFR 556.113 

Liver Florfenicol 4.37 PPM 3.7 21 CFR 556.283 Dairy Cow Muscle Florfenicol 0.400 PPM 0.300 21 CFR 556.283 

Dairy Cow Liver Flunixin 0.331 PPM .125 21 CFR 556.286 

Dairy Cow Muscle Salbutamol * * * Not Approved1 

Dairy Cow Muscle Meloxicam * * * Not Approved1 

Goat Muscle Moxidectin * * * 21 CFR 556.426 

Goat Muscle Moxidectin * * * 21 CFR 556.426 

Heifer Liver Ractopamine 0.176 PPM 0.090 21 CFR 556.570 

Mature Sheep Muscle Diclofenac * * * Not Approved1 

Roaster Swine Liver Carbadox 199 PPB 30.0 21 CFR 556.100 

Roaster Swine Liver Carbadox 52.5 PPB 30.0 21 CFR 556.100 

Roaster Swine Liver Carbadox 43.6 PPB 30.0 21 CFR 556.100 

Roaster Swine Liver Carbadox 71.8 PPB 30.0 21 CFR 556.100 

Siluriformes Muscle Lasalocid * * * Not Approved1 

Siluriformes Muscle Metolachlor * * * Not Approved1 

20 
Animal Tolerance Authority1 

Tissue Compound Concentration Units Category Level Value (CFR Citation) 

Siluriformes Muscle Diclofenac * * * Not Approved1 

Siluriformes Muscle Metolachlor * * * Not Approved1 

Siluriformes Muscle Nitrofurazone * * * Not Approved1 

Siluriformes Muscle Metolachlor * * * Not Approved1 

Siluriformes Muscle Metolachlor * * * Not Approved1 

Sow Kidney Diclofenac * * * Not Approved1 

Sow Muscle Diclofenac * * * Not Approved1 

Steer Muscle Diclofenac * * * Not Approved1 

Steer Muscle Diclofenac * * * Not Approved1 

* Violative residue results were detected but not quantified 

1 Reference to either Title 21 (veterinary drugs) or Title 40 (pesticides) of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). In cases, were there residue detected is not approved for the 

animal class, the violations is listed as “Not Approved”PPB – parts per billion (μg/kg) 

PPM – parts per million (mg/kg) 

CFR – Code of Federal Regulations 

21 
b. Inspector-Generated Sampling Plan 

FSIS inspectors collect samples for residue testing when they suspect that animals presented for 

slaughter may have violative levels of chemical residues. If an inspector suspects that there is misuse of 

drugs that cannot be detected by the Kidney Inhibition Swab (KISTM) test, the samples are sent directly to 

the laboratory for analysis. These samples are reported under the inspector-generated program (FSIS 

Directive 10,800.1). 

In FY 2022, 139,026 Kidney Inhibition Swab (KISTM) tests were conducted on animals selected by FSIS 

(Table 17). Of these, 2,071 samples were submitted to FSIS field laboratories for further analysis, and 

376 chemical residue violations were reported from 315 samples (multiple residue violations may be 

found in the same sample). 

• Inspectors performed 117,132 in-plant KISTM test in bovine slaughter classes (beef cows, bob veal, 

bulls, dairy cows, formula-fed and non-formula-fed veal, and steers), resulting in 308 violative 

samples (0.26%). 

• Dairy cows and bob veal accounts for 80% of the in-plant KISTM test and 76% of the violations 

reported under the inspector-generated sampling plan. 

• Desfuroylceftiofur (the primary metabolite of ceftiofur) and penicillin accounted for 44% and 17% of 

the violations reported in 189 dairy cows, respectively. 

• Of the 53 bob veal violations, 26% of the violations were associated with neomycin. 

• Inspectors performed 20,144 in-plant KISTM test in swine slaughter classes (market swine, sows, 

roaster swine, boar swine, and feral swine), resulting in seven violative samples (0.03%). 

• The predominant violative residues in the inspector-generated samples were ceftiofur (n=113), 

penicillin (45), and flunixin (41), which account for 30%, 12%, and 11% of total violative residues, 

respectively. 

22 
Table 17. Summary of FY 2022 Inspector-Generated Sampling (KISTM) Test and Confirmatory Tests 

FY 2022 summary of KISTM tests, number of in-plant screens with negative results, number of carcasses sent to FSIS laboratory for confirmation, 

and the number of carcasses (i.e., samples) with violations for each animal class. 

KISTM Test 

Animal Category Animal Class Total Number of 

In-plant 

Carcasses 

Number of In-plant 

Negative 

Carcasses 

Number of 

Samples 

Analyzed in FSIS 

Labs 

Number of 

Samples with 

Confirmed Lab 

Violations 

Beef Cows 10,123 9,900 223 31 

Bob Veal 14,509 14,394 115 53 

Bulls 1,547 1,481 66 9 

Dairy Cows 80,201 78,981 1,220 189 

Bovine Formula-fed Veal 158 158 -- --

Heavy Calves 159 158 1 1 

Heifers 3,380 3,292 88 7 

Non-Formula-fed Veal 133 124 9 5 

Steers 6,922 6,725 197 13 

Boar/Stag Swine 97 95 2 --

Porcine Feral Swine 

Market Swine 

12,356 

1,340 

12,272 

1,326 

84 

14 

1 

1 

Roaster Swine 6,254 6,223 31 3 

Sows 97 95 2 --

Goats 432 428 4 2 

Other Species Lambs 996 986 10 --

Mature Sheep 322 317 5 --

Annual Total 139,026 136,955 2,071 315 

23 
Table 18. Summary of FY 2022 Inspector-Generated Sampling Residue Violation Results by Chemical Residue and Animal Class 

FY 2022 summary of chemical residue violations reported within the inspector-generated sampling. 

Animal Class 

Chemical Residue Beef Bob Bull/ Dairy Heavy Goat Non-Formula- Market Roaster s Heifers Sows Steers Total Cows Veal Stag Cows Calves fed Veal Swine Swine 

Ampicillin -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 

Ciprofloxacin -- 6 -- 4 -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 1 12 

Desethylene 

Ciprofloxacin -- 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5 

Desfuroylceftiofur 9 9 3 84 -- -- 3 -- -- -- -- 5 113 

Diclofenac -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 

Dihydrostreptomycin -- -- -- 4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4 

Doramectin 4 -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- 5 

Enrofloxacin -- 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5 

Florfenicol 3 1 3 3 -- -- 1 1 -- -- -- 1 13 

Florfenicol Amine -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 

Flunixin 4 10 1 22 -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 3 41 

Gentamycin Sulfate -- -- 1 2 -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- 4 

Ketoprofen 1 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2 

Lincomycin -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 

Meloxicam 2 1 -- 7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 11 

Neomycin -- 14 -- 5 -- -- -- 3 -- -- -- -- 22 

Norfloxacin -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 1 

Oxyphenylbutazone 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 2 

Oxytetracycline -- -- -- 2 2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4 

Penicillin 3 3 1 32 -- 1 -- -- -- 1 2 2 45 

Phenylbutazone 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 2 

Spectinomycin -- 2 -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3 

Sulfadiazine -- 7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 7 

24 
Animal Class 

Chemical Residue Beef Bob Bull/ Dairy Heavy Goat Non-Formula- Market Roaster s Heifers Sows Steers Total Cows Veal Stag Cows Calves fed Veal Swine Swine 

Sulfadimethoxine -- -- -- 21 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 21 

Sulfadoxine -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- 2 

Sulfamethazine -- -- 1 8 -- -- 2 -- -- -- 1 3 15 

Sulfamethoxazole -- 7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 7 

Sulfathiazole -- 7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 7 

Tetracycline -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 

Tildipirosin -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 

Tilmicosin 9 2 2 1 -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 2 17 

Annual Total 37 84 12 198 3 1 9 7 2 1 4 18 376 

25 
Table 19. Summary of FY 2022 Inspector-Generated Sampling 

FY 2022 summary of suspect animal samples sent directly to any FSIS laboratory (inspector-generated sampling) for analysis. 

Number of Non- Number of Animal Number of Non- Animal Class Total Samples Violative Positives Violative Category Detect Samples Samples Samples 

Beef Cows 13 11 2 0 

Bob Veal 5 2 2 1 

Bull/Stag 5 4 1 0 

Bovine Dairy Cows 23 20 2 1 

Formula-fed Veal 1 1 0 0 

Heifers 18 16 1 1 

Steers 263 246 12 5 

Porcine Market Swine 

Roaster Swine 

166 

1 

161 

1 

2 

0 

3 

0 

Goats 9 9 0 0 

Other Species Lamb 51 49 1 1 

Mature Sheep 5 5 0 0 

Annual Total 560 525 23 12 

3. Import Sampling 

a. Import Microbiological Sampling 

FSIS conducts point-of-entry reinspection of imported meat, poultry, and egg products. This activity is a reinspection of products that have 

already been inspected and passed by an equivalent foreign inspection system. Thus, imported product reinspection is a means of verifying the 

equivalence of a foreign country’s inspection system on an ongoing basis. 

26 
Table 20. Summary of FY 2022 Microbiology Sampling of Imported Products 

FY 2022 microbiological sampling results for imported products by inspection level. The values shown here summarize results over all countries 

and do not reflect the percent positive for individual countries. Additionally, no direct comparisons should be made to domestic sampling 

because sampling for imported product varies based on the volume of shipments received by country and product. 

Product Name and Project Number of Number of Number of Pathogen Number Number Number Annual Total Code Samples Samples Samples Positive Positive Positive Analyzed Analyzed Analyzed 

Normal Increased1 Intensified2 

Imported Raw Beef E. coli O157:H7 1,050 -- 4 -- 46 1 1,100 

Manufactured Trimmings or non-O157 STEC 992 2 4 -- 46 -- 1,042 

Components for use in Ground 

Beef or Beef Products Salmonella spp. 1,050 4 4 -- 46 -- 1,100 

MT51 

Imported Raw Ground or E. coli O157:H7 62 -- -- -- -- -- 62 

Comminuted Beef or Veal 

Product 

MT08 

Salmonella spp. 62 -- -- -- -- -- 62 

Micro Pathogen Sampling of 

RTE Products 

Listeria 

monocytogenes 3,231 5 7 -- 39 1 3,277 

IMVRTE Salmonella spp. 3,231 0 7 -- 39 -- 3,277 

Listeria 

Imported Egg Products 112 -- -- -- -- -- 112 monocytogenes EGGIMP Salmonella spp. 112 -- -- -- -- -- 112 

Imported Raw and NRTE Salmonella spp. 777 107 -- -- -- -- 777 

Poultry Products Campylobacter 775 83 -- -- -- -- 775 IMP_Poultry 

Imported Raw Pork Product 

IMP_Pork Salmonella spp. 411 8 -- -- -- -- 411 

Imported Siluriformes 

Microbiology Sampling Salmonella spp. 589 1 -- -- -- -- 589 

IMPFISH_MI 3 

27 
Intensified3 

Annual Total 

1Increased is a level of reinspection above the normal level that is directed by a FSIS management decision. Under increased reinspection, FSIS may hold, on a case-by-case basis, 

lots of imported meat, poultry, or egg products pending receipt of a laboratory analysis. If FSIS does not place the product on hold, the importer of record is still required to hold 

product tested for adulterants by FSIS and is not to allow such product to enter commerce unless and until negative results are received. 2Intensified is a level of reinspection that is implemented automatically by the Public Health Information System (PHIS) when a Type of Inspection PHIS task is reported as “Fail.” 

Under intensified reinspection, FSIS holds the sampled lot at the official import inspection establishment pending receipt of laboratory analysis. The sampled lot is not allowed to 

move off-site to be held. 3IMPFISH_MI is no longer active per FSIS Notice 32-22: FSIS Salmonella Sampling of Raw Siluriformes 

b. Import Residue Sampling 

Imported meat, poultry, and egg products are sampled through the point-of-entry Import Reinspection Sampling Plan, a chemical residue 

monitoring program that is conducted to verify whether foreign inspection systems in exporting countries are equivalent to U.S. standards. The 

results are summarized in Table 21. 

Table 21. Summary of FY 2022 Residue Sampling of Imported Products 

Increased2 

Non- Number of Number of Number of Non-Violative Project Code1 Analyte Violative Violative Violative Samples Samples Samples Positives Positives Samples Samples Analyzed Analyzed Analyzed Samples Samples 

Normal 

Imported 

Siluriformes Fish Antifungal Dyes, Products-Eastern 579 -- -- -- -- -- -- Metals, MRM Laboratory 

IMPFISH_CH_E 4 

Imported 

Siluriformes Fish 

Products-Western 

Laboratory 

IMPFISH_CH_W 

Imported - Metals 

IMPMETALS 

Nitrofurans 

IMPNITROFUR5 

Nitrofurans, 

Pesticides 

Metals 

Nitrofurans 

568 

294 

81 

--

--

--

--

--

1 

--

1 

--

4 

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

572 

295 

81 

28 

579 
Increased2 

Non- Number of 

Samples 

Analyzed Samples 

Normal 

Annual Total 

Intensified3 

Number of Number of Non-Violative Project Code1 Analyte Violative Violative Violative Samples Samples Positives Positives Samples Samples Analyzed Analyzed Samples 

Imported -

Pesticide Pesticides 579 2 1 -- 17 -- -- 596 

IMPPESTICIDE 

Imported Egg 

Products -

Chemistry 

IMPRESEGG 

Pesticides 37 -- -- -- -- -- -- 37 

Imported Fresh 

Products 

IMPRESFRESH 

Aminoglycosides 

, MRM 

935 4 -- -- -- -- -- 935 

Imported 

Processed Products 

- Residue Eastern Avermectins 64 -- -- 1 -- -- -- 65 

Lab IMPRESPR_EL 

Imported 

Processed Products 

- Residue Sulfonamides 75 -- -- -- -- -- -- 75 

Midwestern Lab 

IMPRESPR_MWL 

Annual Total 3,212 6 2 2 21 0 0 3,235 1Project code descriptions can be found in the FY 2022 Sampling Plan (https://www.fsis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media_file/2021-12/FSIS-Annual-Sampling-Plan-FY2022.pdf). 2Increased is a level of reinspection above the normal level that is directed by a FSIS management decision. Under increased reinspection, FSIS may hold, on a case-by-case basis, 

lots of imported meat, poultry, or egg products pending receipt of a laboratory analysis. If FSIS does not place the product on hold, the importer of record is still required to hold 

product tested for adulterants by FSIS and is not to allow such product to enter commerce unless and until negative results are received. During FY 2022, there were no violative 

samples and no non-violative samples at increased level of inspection. 3Intensified is a level of reinspection that is implemented automatically by the Public Health Information System (PHIS) when a Type of Inspection PHIS task is reported as “Fail.” 

Under intensified reinspection, FSIS holds the sampled lot at the official import inspection establishment pending receipt of laboratory analysis. The sampled lot is not allowed to 

move off-site to be held. 4As of October 1, 2022, IMPFISH_CH replaces IMPFISH_CH_E and IMPFISH_CH_W sampling projects. 

5IMPNITROFUR is discontinued per FSIS Notice 64-22: Suspension of Young Chicken Carcass Sampling and Raw Poultry Products Testing for Nitrofuran Residues. 

MRM: multiresidue method 

29 
Table 22. FY 2022 Import Residue Sampling Violations by Foreign Country/Animal Class 

List of FY 2022 import residue sampling violations (foreign country, specific compound, concentration, tolerance, and regulatory citation) by 

animal class. FSIS detected semicarbazide, a nitrofurazone indicator, in 1 lot of imported products. FSIS engaged with the applicable foreign 

government and did not uncover evidence of nitrofurazone use: Investigation into the Detection of Semicarbazide (SEM), a Nitrofurazone 

Indicator, in Chicken. 

Tolerance Level Authority (CFR Compound Concentrations Units Value Citations) Foreign Country Animal Class 

Canada Chicken Nitrofurazone * * * Not Approved1 

Costa Rica Beef Ethion * * * Not Approved1 

* Violative residue results were detected but not quantified. 

1Not Approved: the residue detected is not approved in the United States for the animal class. 

PPB – parts per billion (μg/kg) 

CFR – Code of Federal Regulations 

DDT - dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 

30 
4. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) Initiatives 

WGS-related projects align with the goals and objectives of the FSIS Strategic Plan and other policies. 

FSIS engages with Federal partners to establish, advance, and apply whole genome sequencing (WGS) 

data to ensure and strengthen regulatory functions. FSIS laboratories perform WGS on all positive 

sample isolates for all pathogens from FSIS-regulated products. In FY 2022, this equated to 16,193 

bacterial isolate sequences uploaded to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). To 

enhance transparency and use of the data, FSIS updated its publicly available establishment-specific 

datasets to include the FSIS number and date-stamped allele codes (FSIS Constituent Update, May 

20,2022). The FSIS Number provides a way to link FSIS sequence metadata to already publicly available 

sequence data on NCBI and the allele codes provide a discrete reportable result to compare FSIS isolates 

to each other. 

5. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) 

The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) is an interagency collaborative 

partnership with State and local public health departments, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration 

(FDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture 

(USDA). This national public health surveillance system tracks changes in antimicrobial susceptibility of 

select foodborne enteric bacteria found in ill people (CDC), retail meats (FDA), and food animals (USDA 

FSIS). The NARMS program at FSIS historically focused on two sampling points: samples collected from 

intestinal (cecal) content; and carcass, food commodity or product samples. Antimicrobial Susceptibility 

Tests (AST) are routinely conducted on all NARMS isolates, and WGS is conducted on a selected number 

of isolates. AST information provides the phenotypic resistance information, which is determined using 

epidemiological cut-off values or clinical breakpoints to interpret data. WGS information provides the 

genotypic resistance information, which is the presence of acquired genes and mutations known to 

enable a bacterium to grow in the presence of higher antimicrobial concentrations. These data may be 

accessed at the FDA NARMS Integrated Data Dashboards. 

Table 23. Summary of FY 2022 NARMS Sampling Program 

FY 2022 NARMS samples analyzed, isolates recovered, and further characterized. 

Sampling Code Samples 

Scheduled 

Samples 

Analyzed 

Total Isolates 

Retrieved 

Isolates Characterized 

Salmonella Campylobacter E. coli Enterococcus 

Cecal Sampling 

NARMS_YC 

Young Chicken 690 708 977 

AST: 331 AST: 210 AST: 219 AST: 217 

WGS: 325 WGS: 210 WGS: 108 WGS: 63 

NARMS_YT 

Young Turkey 435 429 648 

AST: 41 AST: 179 AST: 222 AST: 205 

WGS: 41 WGS: 179 WGS: 166 WGS: 77 

NARMS_DC 

Dairy Cow 980 881 769 

AST: 246 AST: 225 AST: 125 AST: 172 

WGS: 244 WGS: 225 WGS: 79 WGS: 102 

NARMS_BC 

Beef Cows 456 453 263 

AST: 49 AST: 50 AST: 86 AST: 75 

WGS: 50 WGS: 52 WGS: 39 WGS: 21 

31 
NARMS_ST 

Steer 1,368 1,393 447 

AST: 133 AST: 159 AST: 85 AST: 70 

WGS: 132 WGS: 159 WGS: 37 WGS: 6 

NARMS_HF 

Heifer 456 422 338 

AST: 52 AST: 116 AST: 94 AST: 75 

WGS: 52 WGS: 117 WGS: 47 WGS: 11 

NARMS_MS 

Market Swine 860 839 872 

AST: 232 AST: 185 AST: 235 AST: 219 

WGS: 232 WGS: 186 WGS: 147 WGS: 81 

NARMS_SW 

Sow 410 392 744 

AST: 257 AST: 83 AST: 228 AST: 174 

WGS: 255 WGS: 83 WGS: 142 WGS: 72 

NARMS_BV 

Bob Veal 258 158 172 

AST: 56 AST: 13 AST: 69 AST: 34 

WGS: 53 WGS: 13 WGS: 56 WGS: 11 

NARMS_FFV 

Formula-Fed Veal 100 130 111 

AST: 0 AST: 20 AST: 57 AST: 34 

WGS: 0 WGS: 20 WGS: 50 WGS: 15 

NARMS_NFFV 

Non-Formula-Fed Veal 120 189 176 

AST: 23 AST: 45 AST: 77 AST: 31 

WGS: 23 WGS: 45 WGS: 55 WGS: 7 

NARMS_GO 

Goat 180 162 112 

AST: 18 AST: 18 AST: 39 AST: 18 

WGS: 18 WGS: 18 WGS: 18 WGS: 7 

NARMS_LB 

Lamb 180 173 121 

AST: 33 AST: 21 AST: 36 AST: 31 

WGS: 33 WGS: 21 WGS: 19 WGS: 2 

NARMS_SH 

Sheep 180 158 147 

AST: 57 AST: 23 AST: 35 AST: 31 

WGS: 58 WGS: 23 WGS: 17 WGS: 2 

Non-Cecal Sampling 

Siluriformes1 N/A 116 214 

AST: 10 AST: N/A AST: 63 AST: 106 

WGS: 10 WGS: N/A WGS: 16 WGS: 16 

N/A – not applicable 1Siluriformes NARMS samples are sourced from the Siluriformes microbiology sampling project, EXP_FI_MIC01, and not scheduled 

independently. See Table 5 for more information. 

6. Other Sampling 

FSIS conducts other sampling programs and special projects in response to investigations or other 

rapidly evolving events to protect consumers and ensure food safety, on an as-needed basis (Table 24). 

Flexibility within FSIS laboratories provides the Agency with the ability to adapt and rapidly respond to 

emerging issues. These projects may include for-cause and inspector-generated sampling, such as: 

• advanced meat recovery (AMR) sampling to verify that industry is preventing beef spinal cord 

material from entering the food supply and being misrepresented as meat; 

• animal species identification sampling to verify species claims of meat, poultry, and egg 

products; 

• food chemistry sampling to identify economic fraud or other chemical residues; 

• compliance testing to evaluate products in commerce that are suspected to be adulterated or 

misbranded; 

• abnormal container testing when inspection program personnel observe an abnormal container 

being used for thermally processed products; 

• sampling in support of foodborne disease outbreaks or natural disaster investigations; and 

32 
• pathology testing to identify diseases, parasites, and related conditions in response to in-plant 

public health veterinarian findings from meat and poultry carcasses and parts. 

These projects also include routine sampling to verify that labels are accurate. 

Table 24. Summary of FY 2022 Other Sampling 

Project Name and 

Project Code Samples Collected 

Advanced Meat Recovery Product 

AMR01 75 

Follow-up Sampling to Advanced Meat Recovery Positive 

FAMR01 9 

Investigative Sampling 

COMPLIAN 82 

Label Verification of Antibiotic Free 

EXP_LV_ABX 231 

Label Verification of Hormone Free 

EXP_LV_HORM 2 

Label Verification of Sodium and Fat Content 

EXP_LV_NUTR 94 

Label Verification of Soy Free 

EXP_LV_SOY 3 

Abnormal Container 

ABNCONT 13 

Import – Abnormal Container 

IMPABNCONT 6 

Import – APM Product – Beef 

IMPAMRBEEF 2 

Import – Species Identification 

IMPSPECIESID 243 

Foodborne Illness and Outbreak Sampling 

OUTBREAK 823 

Pathology – Collector Generated 

PATHOLOGY 3,160 

Conclusion 

In FY 2022, FSIS conducted meat, poultry, and egg products sampling verification to ensure that the food 

produced is safe, wholesome, and properly labeled to protect the public from foodborne hazards. As a 

science-based agency, FSIS uses data to inform decision making and drive continuous improvement of 

processes. FSIS evaluates these sampling data and shares the data, including analyses, on the FSIS 

website. Data sharing and transparency are critical steps to ensure public awareness of the food safety 

measures implemented. 

33