Third District Court of Appeal

State of Florida 

Opinion filed August 18, 2021.

Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

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No. 3D20-1918

Lower Tribunal No. 20-15656

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Christian Lacayo,

Appellant,

vs.

Versailles Gardens I Condominium Association, Inc.,

Appellee.

An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Mark 

Blumstein, Judge.

Cornish Hernandez Gonzalez, PLLC, and Igor Hernandez; MAC 

Legal, P.A., and Michael A. Citron (Hollywood), for appellant.

Weinberg Wheeler Hudgins Gunn & Dial, LLC, Lawrence E. 

Burkhalter and Theodore J. O’Brien, for appellee.

Before GORDO, LOBREE and BOKOR, JJ. 

GORDO, J.
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Christian Lacayo appeals the trial court’s order dismissing his case 

with prejudice. We have jurisdiction. See Fla. R. App. P. 9.030(b)(1)(A). 

The trial court dismissed Lacayo’s lawsuit as it determined that MiamiDade County Ordinance 30-479 (the “Ordinance”) was inapplicable to this 

suit because it was brought against the property owner, Versailles Gardens 

I Condominium Association, Inc. Lacayo argues the plain language of the 

Ordinance clearly imposes liability on “[a]ny person who improperly causes 

a vehicle to be immobilized,” not just “a person providing immobilization 

services.” We agree, reverse and remand.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Lacayo had his car immobilized by Dade Booting, LLC, while parked 

in Versailles Gardens’ complex. Upon discovering this, Lacayo paid Dade 

Booting to have the boot removed from his vehicle.

Lacayo then filed suit against Versailles Gardens1 pursuant to the 

Ordinance.2

 The Ordinance is titled “Requirements for immobilizing 

vehicles without prior consent of vehicle owner or duly authorized driver of 

vehicle.” It provides, in relevant part, that “[a]ny person who improperly 

1 Lacayo chose not to name Dade Booting as a defendant.

2 Although Lacayo’s complaint was a class action, the issues pertaining to 

class certification were not argued to the trial court and are not subject to 

consideration at this time. We therefore express no opinion with regard to 

class certification.
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causes a vehicle to be immobilized shall be liable to the vehicle owner or 

his authorized representative for the cost of the services provided, any 

damages results [sic] from the immobilization, and the immobilization and 

attorney’s fees.” Miami-Dade Cty. Ord. § 30-479(14).

Lacayo’s complaint alleged that Versailles Gardens had illegally 

caused his vehicle to be immobilized. Dade Booting, he stated, was acting 

as Versailles Gardens’ agent at the time of the immobilization. The 

complaint alleges immobilization was unlawful because Versailles Gardens 

did not have the proper signage to put vehicle owners on notice.

In lieu of answering the complaint, Versailles Gardens filed a motion 

for judgment on the pleadings or, in the alternative, a motion to dismiss 

Lacayo’s complaint. The motion argued that the proper party from which 

recovery could be sought was Dade Booting, not Versailles Gardens. It 

further argued that the plain text of the ordinance did not create a cause of 

action against the property owner, but rather only against the company 

providing immobilization services.

The trial court held a hearing on the motion and granted judgment on 

the pleadings, finding the Ordinance inapplicable. The trial court afforded 

Lacayo an opportunity to amend the complaint based on its ruling, but 
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Lacayo declined to do so. As a result, the trial court dismissed the lawsuit 

with prejudice.

LEGAL ANALYSIS

“[T]he standard of appellate review with respect to the interpretation 

of a charter or ordinance is de novo.” Martinez v. Hernandez, 227 So. 3d 

1257, 1259 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017) (citation omitted). “As a general rule,

statutory interpretation begins with the plain meaning of the statute.” Fla. 

Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Ass’n v. Dep’t of Admin. 

Hearings, 29 So. 3d 992, 997 (Fla. 2010) (citation omitted). “When the 

language of the statute is clear and unambiguous and conveys a clear and 

definite meaning, there is no occasion for resorting to the rules of statutory 

interpretation and construction; the statute must be given its plain and 

obvious meaning.” A.R. Douglass, Inc. v. McRainey, 137 So. 157, 159 

(Fla. 1931) (citation omitted).

The plain language of the Ordinance is not ambiguous as to who may 

be held liable for unlawful immobilizations. Indeed, the Ordinance plainly 

states that “[a]ny person who improperly causes a vehicle to be 

immobilized shall be liable to the vehicle owner.” Miami-Dade Cty. Ord. 

§ 30-479(14) (emphasis added). Elsewhere in the Ordinance, the 

Commissioners specifically refer to “a person providing immobilization 
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services.” Thus, if they intended to impose liability upon the “person 

providing immobilization services,” they would have stated as much. 

Instead, they impose liability more generally on “[a]ny person who 

improperly causes a vehicle to be immobilized.” Based on the allegations 

in Lacayo’s complaint, that would include Versailles Gardens in this case.

Versailles Gardens argues that the prefatory clause of the 

Ordinance3 should control interpretation of the remainder of the 

Ordinance’s text because the reference to “a person providing 

immobilization services” in that clause is more general than the later 

provision imposing liability on “any person who improperly causes a vehicle 

to be immobilized.” Because the plain language of the ordinance is clear 

and unambiguous, however, we do not resort to the cannons of statutory 

construction, such as this one. See Westphal v. City of St. Petersburg, 194 

So. 3d 311, 314 (Fla. 2016) (stating that where a statute is “plainly written,” 

it “does not permit this Court to resort to rules of statutory construction” 

(citation omitted)); Daniels v. Fla. Dep’t of Health, 898 So. 2d 61, 64 (Fla.

3 The prefatory clause states, “It is unlawful for a person providing 

immobilization services to immobilize a vehicle owned by another person 

which is parked on private property without permission or authority of the 

owner or duly authorized driver of that vehicle, unless the following 

requirements are satisfied: . . .” Miami-Dade Cty. Ord. § 30-479. The 

Ordinance goes on to list several requirements for signage, fees, and 

immobilization procedures.
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2005) (“When the statute is clear and unambiguous, courts will not look 

behind the statute’s plain language for legislative intent or resort to rules of 

statutory construction to ascertain intent.” (citation omitted)); Rivera v. 

State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 317 So. 3d 197, 202 (Fla. 3d DCA 2021) 

(same (quoting Borden v. E.-European Ins. Co., 921 So. 2d 587, 595 (Fla. 

2006))); Fla. Retail Fed’n, Inc. v. City of Coral Gables, 282 So. 3d 889, 895 

(Fla. 3d DCA 2019) (“There is no need to resort to rules of statutory 

construction because the statutory text is clear.” (citations omitted)).

Reversed and remanded.