* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law

of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation

of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms

and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. 

** Honorable Clarence A. Brimmer, District Judge, United States District Court for the

District of Wyoming, sitting by designation. 

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

Filed 4/24/96

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

SHERRY ANN WOOD,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

RUBYE L. HARRINGTON, individually

and in her representative capacity; LILLIE

MAE SMALLWOOD, individually and in

her representative capacity; EFFECTIVE

SECRETARIAL SERVICES, INC., an

Oklahoma Corporation; EFFECTIVE

SUPPORT SERVICES, INC., doing

business as Effective Secretarial Support

Services, Inc., doing business as ESS Inc.,

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 95-6192

(D.C. No. CIV-92-243-L)

(W.D. Okla.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before BRORBY and BARRETT, Circuit Judges, and BRIMMER,** District Judge.
22

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral argument.

See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore ordered submitted

without oral argument. 

This suit arises out of appellant Sherry Ann Wood's discharge from her former

employment with Effective Secretarial Services, Inc. and Effective Support Services, Inc.,

known interchangeably as ESS Inc. Defendant Rubye L. Harrington was president of both

companies; defendant Lillie Mae Smallwood was their vice-president and is Ms. Harrington's

sister. Ms. Wood alleged that defendants fired her in retaliation for engaging in protected

activities--specifically, for testifying in another employee's lawsuit against defendants.

Ms. Wood asserted claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C.

§§ 2000e to 2000e-17; the Service Contract Act of 1965, 41 U.S.C. §§ 351-58, in conjunction

with the Fair Labor Standards Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 201-19; the Oklahoma Employment Security

Act of 1980, Okla. Stat. tit. 40 §§ 1-101 to 9-104; and Oklahoma public policy. 

Ms. Wood's claims were tried to a jury before Judge Luther Bohanon in April 1993.

The defense participated in cross-examining plaintiff's witnesses, but put on no evidence of

its own. The jury found all of the defendants except Ms. Smallwood liable to Ms. Wood, and

awarded reinstatement and damages totaling $42,894.00. R. Vol. I. at 142.

After the trial, defendants retained new counsel and moved for a new trial, arguing

that the verdict was contrary to the law and the evidence and that prior defense counsel was
1 Ms. Harrington's affidavit is not in the record on appeal. 

33

ineffective. Defendants also filed Ms. Harrington's affidavit, in which she evidently1 set

forth her version of the facts. After reading her affidavit, Judge Bohanon granted a new trial

on the ground that the original defense attorney was shockingly ineffective in failing to put

on evidence for the defense, and because the resulting verdict was unfair to defendants.

Appellant's Br. at 66-67. Judge Bohanon recused himself from the case shortly afterwards,

and it was reassigned to Judge Tim Leonard. Because Ms. Smallwood and Effective

Secretarial Services, Inc. were by this time in bankruptcy proceedings, the second trial

proceeded against only defendants Effective Support Services, Inc. and Ms. Harrington, in

her personal capacity only. The second jury found both defendants liable, and awarded

significantly higher damages to Ms. Wood than the first jury. 

After the second trial, Ms. Harrington filed a motion for judgment as a matter of law.

Judge Leonard granted her motion on the basis that an employee cannot be sued in her

personal capacity under Title VII, and there was insufficient evidence that Ms. Harrington

acted personally in any way for which she could be held liable on Ms. Wood's other claims.

Judgment was therefore entered against only Effective Support Services, Inc., in the amount

of $140,000. R. Vol. I at 143. Ms. Wood appeals. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1291, and we reverse.
44

Ms. Wood raises four contentions of error--two for each trial: (1) Judge Bohanon

erred in deciding that Ms. Harrington was not a proper defendant under the Service Contract

Act, the Oklahoma Employment Security Act, and Oklahoma public policy; (2) the grant of

a new trial was improper; (3) Judge Leonard erred in entering a judgment as a matter of law

in favor of Ms. Harrington on Ms. Wood's claims other than Title VII; and (4) Judge Leonard

erred in refusing to allow Ms. Wood to put on evidence of Ms. Harrington's finances in order

to pierce the corporate veil of the defendant companies.

We need not spend much time on Ms. Wood's first issue. Our local rules require that

Ms. Wood include in her brief "a statement as to where in the record the issue was raised and

ruled upon." 10th Cir. R. 28.2(b). She was also required to provide "copies of all pertinent

written findings, conclusions, opinions or orders of a district judge . . .; or if oral, a copy of

the transcript pages." Id. Rule 28.2(d). Ms. Wood has failed to identify any order or hearing

in which Judge Bohanon ruled Ms. Harrington was not a proper defendant under any of

Ms. Wood's claims. Notwithstanding the lack of a record citation, we have searched the

record and have found no such ruling. Therefore, we are left with no alternative but to affirm

the district court on this issue. McGinnis v. Gustafson, 978 F.2d 1199, 1201 (10th Cir.

1992).

Next, Ms. Wood argues defendants' motion for a new trial was improperly granted

because it was based on the ineffective assistance of defense counsel. We agree and reverse

on this issue. This court has previously held the "remedy for allegedly incompetent
55

representation is a malpractice suit against [the] trial attorney. Any such incompetence

provides no basis for granting . . . a new trial." MacCuish v. United States, 844 F.2d 733,

735-36 (10th Cir. 1988). Therefore, the district court abused its discretion by granting a new

trial to defendants on this ground. See Mayhue v. St. Francis Hosp. of Wichita, Inc., 969

F.2d 919, 922 (10th Cir. 1992)(holding grant of new trial reviewed for abuse of discretion).

Of course, as defendants contend, district courts can and do grant new trials in the interests

of justice. See, e.g., Holmes v. Wack, 464 F.2d 86, 88-89 (10th Cir. 1972)(upholding grant

of new trial due to excessive verdict). Ineffective assistance of counsel is not a proper basis

upon which to declare that a trial in a civil suit was unjust, however. See MacCuish, 844

F.2d at 735-36. Therefore, the second trial in this case was improperly granted and the first

jury verdict must be reinstated. We do not address Ms. Wood's argument that "updated"

damages from the second trial should nevertheless be used, as she offered no legal support

for this contention.

As a result of our holding that the grant of a new trial was reversible error, Ms.

Wood's two assertions of error in the second trial are moot and we need not address them.

The judgment of the United States District Court for the Western District of

Oklahoma is REVERSED, and the case is REMANDED to the district court with directions

to VACATE the April 5, 1995 judgment and the June 10, 1993 order vacating judgment and

granting defendants' motion for new trial, and to REINSTATE the April 20, 1993 judgment.
66

Entered for the Court

Wade Brorby 

Circuit Judge