Supplemental Table 1a. Mean Dioxin Exposure from Pork, Based on Pork Consumption
 

Pork 

consumption 

amount 

Mean pork 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

non-lean

pork 

Mean exposure, 

 non-lean pork 

Comparison of 

non-lean pork 

to the RfD*

Fat % in 

lean pork 

Mean exposure, 

lean pork

Comparison of 

 lean pork 

 to the RfD* 

Units (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Comparison5 Value3 Calculation6 Comparison5

Whole population 0.39 0.16 14.95% 0.009 0.013 5.88% 0.004 0.005

Birth to 1 0.17 0.16 14.95% 0.004 0.006 5.88% 0.002 0.002

1-2 years 0.75 0.16 14.95% 0.018 0.026 5.88% 0.007 0.010

3-5 years 0.79 0.16 14.95% 0.019 0.027 5.88% 0.007 0.011

6-12 years 0.52 0.16 14.95% 0.012 0.018 5.88% 0.005 0.007

13-19 years 0.36 0.16 14.95% 0.009 0.012 5.88% 0.003 0.005

20-49 years 0.36 0.16 14.95% 0.009 0.012 5.88% 0.003 0.005

Females 13-49 0.28 0.16 14.95% 0.007 0.010 5.88% 0.003 0.004

50 years and older 0.33 0.16 14.95% 0.008 0.011 5.88% 0.003 0.004

Footnotes: 

1. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-5: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

2. Mean TEQ amount is the mean sum-TEQ per pg/g of lipid

 Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf

 Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

3. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

4. Mean exposure, non-lean pork = pork consumption amount x mean pork TEQ amount x fat % in non-lean pork 

5 . Comparison to RfD = mean exposure amount/RfD for dioxin 

6. Mean exposure, lean pork = pork consumption amount x mean pork TEQ amount x fat % in lean pork

 *EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
Supplemental Table 1b. Mean Dioxin Exposure from Chicken, Based on Chicken Consumption
 

Chicken 

consumption 

amount 

Mean chicken 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

non-lean

chicken 

Mean exposure, 

 non-lean chicken 

Comparison of 

non-lean chicken 

to the RfD* 

Fat % in 

lean 

chicken

Mean exposure, 

lean chicken

Comparison of 

 lean chicken 

 to the RfD* 

Units (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Comparison5 Value3 Calculation6 Comparison5

Whole population 0.630 0.174 15.06% 0.017 0.024 3.08% 0.003 0.005

Birth to 1 0.534 0.174 15.06% 0.014 0.020 3.08% 0.003 0.004

1-2 years 1.569 0.174 15.06% 0.041 0.059 3.08% 0.008 0.012

3-5 years 1.415 0.174 15.06% 0.037 0.053 3.08% 0.008 0.011

6-12 years 0.968 0.174 15.06% 0.025 0.036 3.08% 0.005 0.007

13-19 years 0.667 0.174 15.06% 0.017 0.025 3.08% 0.004 0.005

20-49 years 0.578 0.174 15.06% 0.015 0.022 3.08% 0.003 0.004

Females 13-49 0.530 0.174 15.06% 0.014 0.020 3.08% 0.003 0.004

50 years and older 0.397 0.174 15.06% 0.010 0.015 3.08% 0.002 0.003

Footnotes: 

1. Based on poultry amounts from the 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-5: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html, 

 and Crème calculations (see accompanying Supplemental Table 8. Poultry Conversion Table) 

2. Mean TEQ amount is the mean sum-TEQ per pg/g of lipid

 Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf

 Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

3. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

4. Mean exposure, non-lean chicken = chicken consumption amount x mean chicken TEQ amount x fat % in non-lean chicken 

5. Comparison to RfD = mean exposure amount/RfD for dioxin 

6. Mean exposure, lean chicken = chicken consumption amount x mean chicken TEQ amount x fat % in lean chicken

 *EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
Supplemental Table 1c. Mean Dioxin Exposure from Turkey, Based on Turkey Consumption
 

Turkey 

consumption 

amount 

Mean turkey 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

non-lean

turkey 

Mean exposure, 

 non-lean turkey 

Comparison of 

non-lean turkey 

to the RfD* 

Fat % in 

lean 

turkey

Mean exposure, 

lean turkey

Comparison of 

 lean turkey 

 to the RfD* 

Units (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Comparison5 Value3 Calculation6 Comparison5

Whole population 0.140 0.611 8.02% 0.007 0.010 2.86% 0.002 0.004

Birth to 1 0.156 0.611 8.02% 0.008 0.011 2.86% 0.003 0.004

1-2 years 0.301 0.611 8.02% 0.015 0.021 2.86% 0.005 0.008

3-5 years 0.235 0.611 8.02% 0.012 0.016 2.86% 0.004 0.006

6-12 years 0.212 0.611 8.02% 0.010 0.015 2.86% 0.004 0.005

13-19 years 0.133 0.611 8.02% 0.007 0.009 2.86% 0.002 0.003

20-49 years 0.132 0.611 8.02% 0.006 0.009 2.86% 0.002 0.003

Females 13-49 0.130 0.611 8.02% 0.006 0.009 2.86% 0.002 0.003

50 years and older 0.103 0.611 8.02% 0.005 0.007 2.86% 0.002 0.003

Footnotes: 

1. Based on poultry amounts from the 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-5: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html, 

 and Crème calculations (see accompanying Supplemental Table 8. Poultry Conversion Table) 

2. Mean TEQ amount is the mean sum-TEQ per pg/g of lipid

 Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf

 Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

3. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

4. Mean exposure, non-lean turkey = turkey consumption amount x mean turkey TEQ amount x fat % in non-lean turkey 

5. Comparison to RfD = mean exposure amount/RfD for dioxin 

6. Mean exposure, lean turkey = turkey consumption amount x mean turkey TEQ amount x fat % in lean turkey

 *EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
Supplemental Table 2a. Highest Dioxin Exposure from Pork, Based on Pork Consumption
 

Pork 

consumption 

amount 

Highest pork 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

non-lean

pork 

Highest exposure, 

 non-lean pork 

Comparison of 

non-lean pork 

to the RfD*

Fat % in 

lean pork 

Highest exposure, 

lean pork

Comparison of 

 lean pork 

 to the RfD* 

Units (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Comparison5 Value3 Calculation6 Comparison5

Whole population 0.39 1.367 14.95% 0.080 0.114 5.88% 0.031 0.045

Birth to 1 0.17 1.367 14.95% 0.035 0.050 5.88% 0.014 0.020

1-2 years 0.75 1.367 14.95% 0.153 0.219 5.88% 0.060 0.086

3-5 years 0.79 1.367 14.95% 0.161 0.231 5.88% 0.063 0.091

6-12 years 0.52 1.367 14.95% 0.106 0.152 5.88% 0.042 0.060

13-19 years 0.36 1.367 14.95% 0.074 0.105 5.88% 0.029 0.041

20-49 years 0.36 1.367 14.95% 0.074 0.105 5.88% 0.029 0.041

Females 13-49 0.28 1.367 14.95% 0.057 0.082 5.88% 0.023 0.032

50 years and older 0.33 1.367 14.95% 0.067 0.096 5.88% 0.027 0.038

Footnotes: 

1. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-5: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

2. Highest TEQ amount is the highest-TEQ per pg/g of lipid

 Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf

 Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

3. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

4. Highest exposure, non-lean pork = pork consumption amount x highest pork TEQ amount x fat % in non-lean pork 

5. Comparison to RfD = mean exposure amount/RfD for dioxin 

6. Highest exposure, lean pork = pork consumption amount x highest pork TEQ amount x fat % in lean pork

 *EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
Supplemental Table 2b. Highest Dioxin Exposure from Chicken, Based on Chicken Consumption
 

Chicken 

consumption 

amount 

Highest chicken 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

non-lean

chicken 

Highest exposure, 

 non-lean chicken 

Comparison of 

non-lean chicken 

to the RfD* 

Fat % in 

lean 

chicken

Highest exposure, 

lean chicken

Comparison of 

 lean chicken 

 to the RfD* 

Units (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Comparison5 Value3 Calculation6 Comparison5

Whole population 0.630 1.281 15.06% 0.121 0.174 3.08% 0.025 0.035

Birth to 1 0.534 1.281 15.06% 0.103 0.147 3.08% 0.021 0.030

1-2 years 1.569 1.281 15.06% 0.303 0.432 3.08% 0.062 0.088

3-5 years 1.415 1.281 15.06% 0.273 0.390 3.08% 0.056 0.080

6-12 years 0.968 1.281 15.06% 0.187 0.267 3.08% 0.038 0.055

13-19 years 0.667 1.281 15.06% 0.129 0.184 3.08% 0.026 0.038

20-49 years 0.578 1.281 15.06% 0.112 0.159 3.08% 0.023 0.033

Females 13-49 0.530 1.281 15.06% 0.102 0.146 3.08% 0.021 0.030

50 years and older 0.397 1.281 15.06% 0.077 0.109 3.08% 0.016 0.022

Footnotes: 

1. Based on poultry amounts from the 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-5: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html, 

 and Crème calculations (see accompanying Supplemental Table 8. Poultry Conversion Table) 

2. Highest TEQ amount is the highest-TEQ per pg/g of lipid

 Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf

 Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

3. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

4. Highest exposure, non-lean chicken = chicken consumption amount x highest chicken TEQ amount x fat % in non-lean chicken 

5. Comparison to RfD = mean exposure amount/RfD for dioxin 

6. Highest exposure, lean chicken = chicken consumption amount x highest chicken TEQ amount x fat % in lean chicken

 *EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
Supplemental Table 2c. Highest Dioxin Exposure from Turkey, Based on Turkey Consumption
 

Turkey 

consumption 

amount 

Highest turkey 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

non-lean

turkey 

Highest exposure, 

 non-lean turkey 

Comparison of 

non-lean turkey 

to the RfD* 

Fat % in 

lean 

turkey

Highest exposure, 

lean turkey

Comparison of 

 lean turkey 

 to the RfD* 

Units (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Comparison5 Value3 Calculation6 Comparison5

Whole population 0.140 4.597 8.02% 0.052 0.074 2.86% 0.018 0.026

Birth to 1 0.156 4.597 8.02% 0.058 0.082 2.86% 0.021 0.029

1-2 years 0.301 4.597 8.02% 0.111 0.158 2.86% 0.040 0.057

3-5 years 0.235 4.597 8.02% 0.087 0.124 2.86% 0.031 0.044

6-12 years 0.212 4.597 8.02% 0.078 0.112 2.86% 0.028 0.040

13-19 years 0.133 4.597 8.02% 0.049 0.070 2.86% 0.017 0.025

20-49 years 0.132 4.597 8.02% 0.049 0.069 2.86% 0.017 0.025

Females 13-49 0.130 4.597 8.02% 0.048 0.068 2.86% 0.017 0.024

50 years and older 0.103 4.597 8.02% 0.038 0.054 2.86% 0.014 0.019

Footnotes: 

1. Based on poultry amounts from the 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-5: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html, 

 and Crème calculations (see accompanying Supplemental Table 8. Poultry Conversion Table) 

2. Highest TEQ amount is the highest-TEQ per pg/g of lipid

 Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf

 Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

3. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

4. Highest exposure, non-lean turkey = turkey consumption amount x highest turkey TEQ amount x fat % in non-lean turkey 

5. Comparison to RfD = mean exposure amount/RfD for dioxin 

6. Highest exposure lean turkey = turkey consumption amount x highest turkey TEQ amount x fat % in lean turkey

 *EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
Supplemental Table 3a. Dioxin Exposure from Pork as One of Several Protein Foods Sources 

Mean Recommended Calorie Level and Mean TEQ 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommendations in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Mean 

calorie 

level 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Meat % of 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Recommended 

meat 

amount 

Pork % 

of meat 

Recommended 

pork amount 

Recommended 

pork amount 

Body 

weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Mean pork 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

lean pork 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Calculation6 Conversion7 Value8 Calculation9 Value10 Value11 Calculation12 Comparison13

1-2 years 1000 2.0 1.4 49.05% 0.7 31% 0.22 6.158 11.4 0.54 0.16 5.88% 0.005 0.007

3-5 years 1400 4.0 2.7 49.05% 1.3 31% 0.41 11.701 18.6 0.63 0.16 5.88% 0.006 0.008

6-12 years 1800 5.0 3.4 49.05% 1.7 31% 0.52 14.780 31.8 0.46 0.16 5.88% 0.004 0.006

13-19 years 2600 6.5 4.4 49.05% 2.2 31% 0.67 19.091 71.6 0.27 0.16 5.88% 0.003 0.004

20-49 years 2600 6.5 4.4 49.05% 2.2 31% 0.67 19.091 80 0.24 0.16 5.88% 0.002 0.003

Females 13-49 1800 5.0 3.4 49.05% 1.7 31% 0.52 14.780 70^ 0.21 0.16 5.88% 0.002 0.003

50 years and older 2000 5.5 3.7 49.05% 1.8 31% 0.56 16.011 80 0.20 0.16 5.88% 0.002 0.003

Usual U.S. intake (adults) 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 2.5~ 31% 0.78 21.971 80 0.275 0.16 5.88% 0.003 0.004

Recommended U.S. intake 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.8~ 31% 0.56 15.819 80 0.198 0.16 5.88% 0.002 0.003

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2. Based on recommended meat, poultry, egg amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendix 7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm

 For example, for a 1000 calorie diet, a value of 10 oz/wk is divided by 7 days/wk 

3. Personal communication with CNPP (USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion); based on the USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPatterns.htm 

4. Recommended meat amount = meat % of meat, poultry and egg amount x recommended meat, poultry and egg amount

 ~Usual and recommended U.S. intake for meat portion of protein foods amount is taken from Table 5-1, and represents a 2000 calorie diet 

5. Pork % of "Meats Subgroup" is 31 %: the sum of cured pork, fresh pork and pork luncheon meats

 USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/USDAFoodPatterns/ItemClustersAndRepFoods.pdf 

6. Recommended pork amount = recommended meat amount x pork % of meat 

7. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

8. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html

 ^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

9. Consumption amount = recommended pork amount/body weight 

10. Mean TEQ amount is the mean sum-TEQ per pg/g of lipid

 Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf

 Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

11. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

12. Exposure = consumption amount x mean pork TEQ amount x fat % in lean pork 

13. Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin

-10 *EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental Table 3b. Dioxin Exposure from Chicken as One of Several Protein Foods Sources 

Mean Recommended Calorie Level and Mean TEQ 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommendations in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Mean 

calorie 

level 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Poultry % of 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Recommended 

poultry 

amount 

Chicken % 

of poultry 

Recommended 

chicken amount 

Recommended 

chicken amount 

Body 

weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Mean chicken 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

lean chicken 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Calculation6 Conversion7 Value8 Calculation9 Value10 Value11 Calculation12 Comparison13

1-2 years 1000 2.0 1.4 39.39% 0.6 93% 0.52 14.772 11.4 1.30 0.174 3.08% 0.007 0.010

3-5 years 1400 4.0 2.7 39.39% 1.1 93% 0.99 28.068 18.6 1.51 0.174 3.08% 0.008 0.012

6-12 years 1800 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 93% 1.25 35.454 31.8 1.11 0.174 3.08% 0.006 0.009

13-19 years 2600 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 93% 1.62 45.795 71.6 0.64 0.174 3.08% 0.003 0.005

20-49 years 2600 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 93% 1.62 45.795 80 0.57 0.174 3.08% 0.003 0.004

Females 13-49 1800 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 93% 1.25 35.454 70^ 0.51 0.174 3.08% 0.003 0.004

50 years and older 2000 5.5 3.7 39.39% 1.5 93% 1.35 38.408 80 0.48 0.174 3.08% 0.003 0.004

Usual U.S. intake (adults) 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.2~ 93% 1.11 31.503 80 0.394 0.174 3.08% 0.002 0.003

Recommended U.S. intake 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.5~ 93% 1.39 39.378 80 0.492 0.174 3.08% 0.003 0.004

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2.	 Based on recommended meat, poultry, egg amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendix 7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

For example, for a 1000 calorie diet, a value of 10 oz/wk is divided by 7 days/wk 

3. Personal communication with CNPP (USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion); based on the USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPatterns.htm 

4.	 Recommended poultry amount = poultry % of meat, poultry and egg amount x recommended meat, poultry and egg amount 

~Usual and recommended U.S. intake for poultry portion of protein amount is taken from Table 5-1, and represents a 2000 calorie diet 

5 . Chicken % of "Poultry Subgroup" is 92.6 %: the sum of chicken and poultry luncheon meats 

USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/USDAFoodPatterns/ItemClustersAndRepFoods.pdf 

6. Recommended chicken amount = recommended poultry amount x chicken % of poultry 

7. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

8.	 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

9. Consumption amount = recommended chicken amount/body weight 

10.	 Mean TEQ amount is the mean sum-TEQ per pg/g of lipid 

Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf 

Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

11. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

1 2. Exposure = consumption amount x mean chicken TEQ amount x fat % in lean chicken 

13.	 Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin 

*EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental Table 3c. Dioxin Exposure from Turkey as One of Several Protein Foods Sources 

Mean Recommended Calorie Level and Mean TEQ 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommendations in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Mean 

calorie 

level 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Poultry % of 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Recommended 

poultry 

amount 

Turkey % 

of poultry 

Recommended 

turkey amount 

Recommended 

turkey amount 

Body 

weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Mean turkey 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

lean turkey 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Calculation6 Conversion7 Value8 Calculation9 Value10 Value11 Calculation12 Comparison13

1-2 years 1000 2.0 1.4 39.39% 0.6 7% 0.04 1.181 11.4 0.10 0.611 2.86% 0.002 0.003

3-5 years 1400 4.0 2.7 39.39% 1.1 7% 0.08 2.243 18.6 0.12 0.611 2.86% 0.002 0.003

6-12 years 1800 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 7% 0.10 2.833 31.8 0.09 0.611 2.86% 0.002 0.002

13-19 years 2600 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 7% 0.13 3.660 71.6 0.05 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.001

20-49 years 2600 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 7% 0.13 3.660 80 0.05 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.001

Females 13-49 1800 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 7% 0.10 2.833 70^ 0.04 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.001

50 years and older 2000 5.5 3.7 39.39% 1.5 7% 0.11 3.069 80 0.04 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.001

Usual U.S. intake (adults) 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.2~ 7% 0.09 2.517 80 0.031 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.001

Recommended U.S. intake 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.5~ 7% 0.11 3.147 80 0.039 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.001

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2.	 Based on recommended meat, poultry, egg amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendix 7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

For example, for a 1000 calorie diet, a value of 10 oz/wk is divided by 7 days/wk 

3. Personal communication with CNPP (USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion); based on the USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPatterns.htm 

4.	 Recommended poultry amount = poultry % of meat, poultry and egg amount x recommended meat, poultry and egg amount 

~Usual and recommended U.S. intake for poultry portion of protein amount is taken from Table 5-1, and represents a 2000 calorie diet 

5.	 Turkey % of "Poultry Subgroup" is 7.4% 

USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/USDAFoodPatterns/ItemClustersAndRepFoods.pdf 

6. Recommended turkey amount = recommended poultry amount x turkey % of poultry 

7. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

8.	 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

9. Consumption amount = recommended turkey amount/body weight 

10.	 Mean TEQ amount is the mean sum-TEQ per pg/g of lipid 

Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf 

Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

11. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

12. Exposure = consumption amount x mean turkey TEQ amount x fat % in lean turkey 

13.	 Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin 

*EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
Supplemental Table 4a. Dioxin Exposure from Pork as One of Several Protein Foods Sources 

Mean Recommended Calorie Level and Highest TEQ 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommendations in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Mean 

calorie 

level 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Meat % of 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Recommended 

meat 

amount 

Pork % 

of meat 

Recommended 

pork amount 

Recommended 

pork amount 

Body 

weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Highest 

pork TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

lean pork 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Calculation6 Conversion7 Value8 Calculation9 Value10 Value11 Calculation12 Comparison13

1-2 years 1000 2.0 1.4 49.05% 0.7 31% 0.22 6.158 11.4 0.54 1.367 5.88% 0.043 0.062

3-5 years 1400 4.0 2.7 49.05% 1.3 31% 0.41 11.701 18.6 0.63 1.367 5.88% 0.051 0.072

6-12 years 1800 5.0 3.4 49.05% 1.7 31% 0.52 14.780 31.8 0.46 1.367 5.88% 0.037 0.053

13-19 years 2600 6.5 4.4 49.05% 2.2 31% 0.67 19.091 71.6 0.27 1.367 5.88% 0.021 0.031

20-49 years 2600 6.5 4.4 49.05% 2.2 31% 0.67 19.091 80 0.24 1.367 5.88% 0.019 0.027

Females 13-49 1800 5.0 3.4 49.05% 1.7 31% 0.52 14.780 70^ 0.21 1.367 5.88% 0.017 0.024

50 years and older 2000 5.5 3.7 49.05% 1.8 31% 0.56 16.011 80 0.20 1.367 5.88% 0.016 0.023

Usual U.S. intake (adults) 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 2.5~ 31% 0.78 21.971 80 0.275 1.367 5.88% 0.022 0.032

Recommended U.S. intake 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.8~ 31% 0.56 15.819 80 0.198 1.367 5.88% 0.016 0.023

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2. Based on recommended meat, poultry, egg amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendix 7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm

 For example, for a 1000 calorie diet, a value of 10 oz/wk is divided by 7 days/wk 

3. Personal communication with CNPP (USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion); based on the USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPatterns.htm 

4. Recommended meat amount = meat % of meat, poultry and egg amount x recommended meat, poultry and egg amount

 ~Usual and recommended U.S. intake for meat portion of protein foods amount is taken from Table 5-1, and represents a 2000 calorie diet 

5. Pork % of "Meats Subgroup" is 31 %: the sum of cured pork, fresh pork and pork luncheon meats

 USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/USDAFoodPatterns/ItemClustersAndRepFoods.pdf 

6. Recommended pork amount = recommended meat amount x pork % of meat 

7. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

8. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html

 ^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

9. Consumption amount = recommended pork amount/body weight 

10. Highest TEQ amount is the highest-TEQ per pg/g of lipid

 Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf

 Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

11. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

12. Exposure = consumption amount x highest pork TEQ amount x fat % in lean pork 

13. Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin

-10 *EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental Table 4b. Dioxin Exposure from Chicken as One of Several Protein Foods Sources 

Mean Recommended Calorie Level and Highest TEQ 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommendations in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Mean 

calorie 

level 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Poultry % of 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Recommended 

poultry 

amount 

Chicken % 

of poultry 

Recommended 

chicken amount 

Recommended 

chicken amount 

Body 

weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Highest 

chicken 

TEQ amount 

Fat % in 

lean chicken 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Calculation6 Conversion7 Value8 Calculation9 Value10 Value11 Calculation12 Comparison13

1-2 years 1000 2.0 1.4 39.39% 0.6 93% 0.52 14.772 11.4 1.30 1.281 3.08% 0.051 0.073

3-5 years 1400 4.0 2.7 39.39% 1.1 93% 0.99 28.068 18.6 1.51 1.281 3.08% 0.060 0.085

6-12 years 1800 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 93% 1.25 35.454 31.8 1.11 1.281 3.08% 0.044 0.063

13-19 years 2600 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 93% 1.62 45.795 71.6 0.64 1.281 3.08% 0.025 0.036

20-49 years 2600 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 93% 1.62 45.795 80 0.57 1.281 3.08% 0.023 0.032

Females 13-49 1800 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 93% 1.25 35.454 70^ 0.51 1.281 3.08% 0.020 0.029

50 years and older 2000 5.5 3.7 39.39% 1.5 93% 1.35 38.408 80 0.48 1.281 3.08% 0.019 0.027

Usual U.S. intake (adults) 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.2~ 93% 1.11 31.503 80 0.394 1.281 3.08% 0.016 0.022

Recommended U.S. intake 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.5~ 93% 1.39 39.378 80 0.492 1.281 3.08% 0.019 0.028

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2.	 Based on recommended meat, poultry, egg amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendix 7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

For example, for a 1000 calorie diet, a value of 10 oz/wk is divided by 7 days/wk 

3. Personal communication with CNPP (USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion); based on the USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPatterns.htm 

4.	 Recommended poultry amount = poultry % of meat, poultry and egg amount x recommended meat, poultry and egg amount 

~Usual and recommended U.S. intake for poultry portion of protein amount is taken from Table 5-1, and represents a 2000 calorie diet 

5.	 Chicken % of "Poultry Subgroup" is 92.6 %: the sum of chicken and poultry luncheon meats 

USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/USDAFoodPatterns/ItemClustersAndRepFoods.pdf 

6. Recommended chicken amount = recommended poultry amount x chicken % of poultry 

7. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

8.	 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

9. Consumption amount = recommended chicken amount/body weight 

10.	 Highest TEQ amount is the highest-TEQ per pg/g of lipid 

Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf 

Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

11. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

12. Exposure = consumption amount x highest chicken TEQ amount x fat % in lean chicken 

13.	 Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin 

*EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental Table 4c. Dioxin Exposure from Turkey as One of Several Protein Foods Sources 

Mean Recommended Calorie Level and Highest TEQ 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommendations in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Mean 

calorie 

level 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Poultry % of 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Recommended 

poultry 

amount 

Turkey % 

of poultry 

Recommended 

turkey amount 

Recommended 

turkey amount 

Body 

weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Highest 

turkey 

TEQ amount 

Fat % in 

lean turkey 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Calculation6 Conversion7 Value8 Calculation9 Value10 Value11 Calculation12 Comparison13

1-2 years 1000 2.0 1.4 39.39% 0.6 7% 0.04 1.181 11.4 0.10 4.597 2.86% 0.014 0.019

3-5 years 1400 4.0 2.7 39.39% 1.1 7% 0.08 2.243 18.6 0.12 4.597 2.86% 0.016 0.023

6-12 years 1800 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 7% 0.10 2.833 31.8 0.09 4.597 2.86% 0.012 0.017

13-19 years 2600 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 7% 0.13 3.660 71.6 0.05 4.597 2.86% 0.007 0.010

20-49 years 2600 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 7% 0.13 3.660 80 0.05 4.597 2.86% 0.006 0.009

Females 13-49 1800 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 7% 0.10 2.833 70^ 0.04 4.597 2.86% 0.005 0.008

50 years and older 2000 5.5 3.7 39.39% 1.5 7% 0.11 3.069 80 0.04 4.597 2.86% 0.005 0.007

Usual U.S. intake (adults) 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.2~ 7% 0.09 2.517 80 0.031 4.597 2.86% 0.004 0.006

Recommended U.S. intake 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.5~ 7% 0.11 3.147 80 0.039 4.597 2.86% 0.005 0.007

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2.	 Based on recommended meat, poultry, egg amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendix 7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

For example, for a 1000 calorie diet, a value of 10 oz/wk is divided by 7 days/wk 

3. Personal communication with CNPP (USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion); based on the USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPatterns.htm 

4.	 Recommended poultry amount = poultry % of meat, poultry and egg amount x recommended meat, poultry and egg amount 

~Usual and recommended U.S. intake for poultry portion of protein amount is taken from Table 5-1, and represents a 2000 calorie diet 

5.	 Turkey % of "Poultry Subgroup" is 7.4% 

USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/USDAFoodPatterns/ItemClustersAndRepFoods.pdf 

6. Recommended turkey amount = recommended poultry amount x turkey % of poultry 

7. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

8.	 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

9. Consumption amount = recommended turkey amount/body weight 

10.	 Highest TEQ amount is the highest-TEQ per pg/g of lipid 

Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf 

Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

11. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

12. Exposure = consumption amount x highest turkey TEQ amount x fat % in lean turkey 

13.	 Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin 

*EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental Table 5a. Dioxin Exposure from Pork as One of Several Protein Foods Sources 

Highest Recommended Calorie Level and Mean TEQ 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommendations in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Highest 

calorie 

level 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Meat % of 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Recommended 

meat 

amount 

Pork % 

of meat 

Recommended 

pork amount 

Recommended 

pork amount 

Body 

weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Mean pork 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

lean pork 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Calculation6 Conversion7 Value8 Calculation9 Value10 Value11 Calculation12 Comparison13 

Children 1-2 years 1000 2.0 1.4 49.05% 0.7 31% 0.22 6.158 11.4 0.54 0.16 5.88% 0.005 0.007

Females 3-5 years 1600 5.0 3.4 49.05% 1.7 31% 0.52 14.780 18.3 0.81 0.16 5.88% 0.008 0.011

Males 3-5 years 1600 5.0 3.4 49.05% 1.7 31% 0.52 14.780 18.8 0.79 0.16 5.88% 0.007 0.011

Females 6-12 years 2200 6.0 4.1 49.05% 2.0 31% 0.63 17.859 31.7 0.56 0.16 5.88% 0.005 0.008

Males 6-12 years 2400 6.5 4.4 49.05% 2.2 31% 0.67 19.091 31.9 0.60 0.16 5.88% 0.006 0.008

Females 13-19 years 2400 6.5 4.4 49.05% 2.2 31% 0.67 19.091 65.9 0.29 0.16 5.88% 0.003 0.004

Males 13-19 years 3200 7.0 4.9 49.05% 2.4 31% 0.74 20.938 77.3 0.27 0.16 5.88% 0.003 0.004

Females 20-49 years 2400 6.5 4.4 49.05% 2.2 31% 0.67 19.091 77.1 0.25 0.16 5.88% 0.002 0.003

Males 20-49 years 3000 7.0 4.9 49.05% 2.4 31% 0.74 20.938 90.5 0.23 0.16 5.88% 0.002 0.003

Females 50 years and older 2200 6.0 4.1 49.05% 2.0 31% 0.63 17.859 77.5 0.23 0.16 5.88% 0.002 0.003

Males 50 years and older 2800 7.0 4.9 49.05% 2.4 31% 0.74 20.938 89.5 0.23 0.16 5.88% 0.002 0.003

Usual U.S. intake (adults) 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 2.5~ 31% 0.78 21.971 80 0.275 0.16 5.88% 0.003 0.004

Recommended U.S. intake 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.8~ 31% 0.56 15.819 80 0.198 0.16 5.88% 0.002 0.003

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2.	 Based on recommended meat, poultry, egg amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendix 7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

For example, for a 1000 calorie diet, a value of 10 oz/wk is divided by 7 days/wk 

3. Personal communication with CNPP (USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion); based on the USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPatterns.htm 

4.	 Recommended meat amount = meat % of meat, poultry and egg amount x recommended meat, poultry and egg amount 

~Usual and recommended U.S. intake for meat portion of protein foods amount is taken from Table 5-1, and represents a 2000 calorie diet 

5.	 Pork % of "Meats Subgroup" is 31 %: the sum of cured pork, fresh pork and pork luncheon meats 

USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/USDAFoodPatterns/ItemClustersAndRepFoods.pdf 

6. Recommended pork amount = recommended meat amount x pork % of meat 

7. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

8.	 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

9. Consumption amount = recommended pork amount/body weight 

10.	 Mean TEQ amount is the mean sum-TEQ per pg/g of lipid 

Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf 

Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

11. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

12. Exposure = consumption amount x mean pork TEQ amount x fat % in lean pork 

13.	 Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin 

*EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental Table 5b. Dioxin Exposure from Chicken as One of Several Protein Foods Sources 

Highest Recommended Calorie Level and Mean TEQ 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommendations in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Highest 

calorie 

level 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Poultry % of 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Recommended 

poultry 

amount 

Chicken % 

of poultry 

Recommended 

chicken amount 

Recommended 

chicken amount 

Body 

weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Mean chicken 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

lean chicken 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value 1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Calculation6 Conversion7 Value8 Calculation9 Value10 Value11 Calculation12 Comparison13

Children 1-2 years 1000 2.0 1.4 39.39% 0.6 93% 0.52 14.836 11.4 1.30 0.174 3.08% 0.007 0.010

Females 3-5 years 1600 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 93% 1.26 35.607 18.3 1.95 0.174 3.08% 0.010 0.015

Males 3-5 years 1600 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 93% 1.26 35.607 18.8 1.89 0.174 3.08% 0.010 0.015

Females 6-12 years 2200 6.0 4.1 39.39% 1.6 93% 1.52 43.025 31.7 1.36 0.174 3.08% 0.007 0.010

Males 6-12 years 2400 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 93% 1.62 45.992 31.9 1.44 0.174 3.08% 0.008 0.011

Females 13-19 years 2400 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 93% 1.62 45.992 65.9 0.70 0.174 3.08% 0.004 0.005

Males 13-19 years 3200 7.0 4.9 39.39% 1.9 93% 1.78 50.443 77.3 0.65 0.174 3.08% 0.003 0.005

Females 20-49 years 2400 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 93% 1.62 45.992 77.1 0.60 0.174 3.08% 0.003 0.005

Males 20-49 years 3000 7.0 4.9 39.39% 1.9 93% 1.78 50.443 90.5 0.56 0.174 3.08% 0.003 0.004

Females 50 years and older 2200 6.0 4.1 39.39% 1.6 93% 1.52 43.025 77.5 0.56 0.174 3.08% 0.003 0.004

Males 50 years and older 2800 7.0 4.9 39.39% 1.9 93% 1.78 50.443 89.5 0.56 0.174 3.08% 0.003 0.004

Usual U.S. intake (adults) 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 2.5~ 93% 2.33 65.914 80 0.824 0.174 3.08% 0.004 0.006

Recommended U.S. intake 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.8~ 93% 1.67 47.458 80 0.593 0.174 3.08% 0.003 0.005

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2.	 Based on recommended meat, poultry, egg amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendix 7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

For example, for a 1000 calorie diet, a value of 10 oz/wk is divided by 7 days/wk 

3. Personal communication with CNPP (USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion); based on the USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPatterns.htm 

4.	 Recommended poultry amount = poultry % of meat, poultry and egg amount x recommended meat, poultry and egg amount 

~Usual and recommended U.S. intake for poultry portion of protein amount is taken from Table 5-1, and represents a 2000 calorie diet 

5.	 Chicken % of "Poultry Subgroup" is 92.6 %: the sum of chicken and poultry luncheon meats 

USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/USDAFoodPatterns/ItemClustersAndRepFoods.pdf 

6. Recommended chicken amount = recommended poultry amount x chicken % of poultry 

7. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

8.	 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

9. Consumption amount = recommended chicken amount/body weight 

10.	 Mean TEQ amount is the mean sum-TEQ per pg/g of lipid 

Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf 

Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

11. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

12. Exposure = consumption amount x mean chicken TEQ amount x fat % in lean chicken 

1 3. Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin 

*EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental Table 5c. Dioxin Exposure from Turkey as One of Several Protein Foods Sources 

Highest Recommended Calorie Level and Mean TEQ 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommendations in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Highest 

calorie 

level 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Poultry % of 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Recommended 

poultry 

amount 

Turkey % 

of poultry 

Recommended 

turkey amount 

Recommended 

turkey amount 

Body 

weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Mean turkey 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

lean turkey 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Calculation6 Conversion7 Value8 Calculation9 Value10 Value11 Calculation12 Comparison13

Children 1-2 years 1000 2.0 1.4 39.39% 0.6 7% 0.04 1.117 11.4 0.10 0.611 2.86% 0.002 0.002

Females 3-5 years 1600 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 7% 0.09 2.680 18.3 0.15 0.611 2.86% 0.003 0.004

Males 3-5 years 1600 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 7% 0.09 2.680 18.8 0.14 0.611 2.86% 0.002 0.004

Females 6-12 years 2200 6.0 4.1 39.39% 1.6 7% 0.11 3.238 31.7 0.10 0.611 2.86% 0.002 0.003

Males 6-12 years 2400 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 7% 0.12 3.462 31.9 0.11 0.611 2.86% 0.002 0.003

Females 13-19 years 2400 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 7% 0.12 3.462 65.9 0.05 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.001

Males 13-19 years 3200 7.0 4.9 39.39% 1.9 7% 0.13 3.797 77.3 0.05 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.001

Females 20-49 years 2400 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 7% 0.12 3.462 77.1 0.04 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.001

Males 20-49 years 3000 7.0 4.9 39.39% 1.9 7% 0.13 3.797 90.5 0.04 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.001

Females 50 years and older 2200 6.0 4.1 39.39% 1.6 7% 0.11 3.238 77.5 0.04 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.001

Males 50 years and older 2800 7.0 4.9 39.39% 1.9 7% 0.13 3.797 89.5 0.04 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.001

Usual U.S. intake (adults) 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 2.5~ 7% 0.18 4.961 80 0.062 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.002

Recommended U.S. intake 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.8~ 7% 0.13 3.572 80 0.045 0.611 2.86% 0.001 0.001

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2.	 Based on recommended meat, poultry, egg amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendix 7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

For example, for a 1000 calorie diet, a value of 10 oz/wk is divided by 7 days/wk 

3. Personal communication with CNPP (USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion); based on the USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPatterns.htm 

4.	 Recommended poultry amount = poultry % of meat, poultry and egg amount x recommended meat, poultry and egg amount 

~Usual and recommended U.S. intake for poultry portion of protein amount is taken from Table 5-1, and represents a 2000-calorie diet 

5.	 Turkey % of "Poultry Subgroup" is 7.4% 

USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/USDAFoodPatterns/ItemClustersAndRepFoods.pdf 

6. Recommended turkey amount = recommended poultry amount x turkey % of poultry 

7. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

8.	 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

9. Consumption amount = recommended turkey amount/body weight 

10.	 Mean TEQ amount is the mean sum-TEQ per pg/g of lipid 

Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf 

Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

11. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

12. Exposure = consumption amount x mean turkey TEQ amount x fat % in lean turkey 

13.	 Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin 

*EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental Table 6a. Dioxin Exposure from Pork as One of Several Protein Foods Sources 

Highest Recommended Calorie Level and Highest TEQ 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommendations in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Highest 

calorie 

level 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Meat % of 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Recommended 

meat 

amount 

Pork % 

of meat 

Recommended 

pork amount 

Recommended 

pork amount 

Body 

weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Highest 

pork TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

lean pork 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Calculation6 Conversion7 Value8 Calculation9 Value10 Value11 Calculation12 Comparison13

Children 1-2 years 1000 2.0 1.4 49.05% 0.7 31% 0.22 6.158 11.4 0.54 1.367 5.88% 0.043 0.062

Females 3-5 years 1600 5.0 3.4 49.05% 1.7 31% 0.52 14.780 18.3 0.81 1.367 5.88% 0.065 0.093

Males 3-5 years 1600 5.0 3.4 49.05% 1.7 31% 0.52 14.780 18.8 0.79 1.367 5.88% 0.063 0.090

Females 6-12 years 2200 6.0 4.1 49.05% 2.0 31% 0.63 17.859 31.7 0.56 1.367 5.88% 0.045 0.065

Males 6-12 years 2400 6.5 4.4 49.05% 2.2 31% 0.67 19.091 31.9 0.60 1.367 5.88% 0.048 0.069

Females 13-19 years 2400 6.5 4.4 49.05% 2.2 31% 0.67 19.091 65.9 0.29 1.367 5.88% 0.023 0.033

Males 13-19 years 3200 7.0 4.9 49.05% 2.4 31% 0.74 20.938 77.3 0.27 1.367 5.88% 0.022 0.031

Females 20-49 years 2400 6.5 4.4 49.05% 2.2 31% 0.67 19.091 77.1 0.25 1.367 5.88% 0.020 0.028

Males 20-49 years 3000 7.0 4.9 49.05% 2.4 31% 0.74 20.938 90.5 0.23 1.367 5.88% 0.019 0.027

Females 50 years and older 2200 6.0 4.1 49.05% 2.0 31% 0.63 17.859 77.5 0.23 1.367 5.88% 0.019 0.026

Males 50 years and older 2800 7.0 4.9 49.05% 2.4 31% 0.74 20.938 89.5 0.23 1.367 5.88% 0.019 0.027

Usual U.S. intake (adults) 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 2.5~ 31% 0.78 21.971 80 0.275 1.367 5.88% 0.022 0.032

Recommended U.S. intake 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.8~ 31% 0.56 15.819 80 0.198 1.367 5.88% 0.016 0.023

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2.	 Based on recommended meat, poultry, egg amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendix 7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

For example, for a 1000 calorie diet, a value of 10 oz/wk is divided by 7 days/wk 

3. Personal communication with CNPP (USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion); based on the USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPatterns.htm 

4.	 Recommended meat amount = meat % of meat, poultry and egg amount x recommended meat, poultry and egg amount 

~Usual and recommended U.S. intake for meat portion of protein foods amount is taken from Table 5-1, and represents a 2000 calorie diet 

5.	 Pork % of "Meats Subgroup" is 31 %: the sum of cured pork, fresh pork and pork luncheon meats 

USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/USDAFoodPatterns/ItemClustersAndRepFoods.pdf 

6. Recommended pork amount = recommended meat amount x pork % of meat 

7. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

8.	 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

9. Consumption amount = recommended pork amount/body weight 

10.	 Highest TEQ amount is the highest-TEQ per pg/g of lipid 

Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf 

Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

11. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

12. Exposure = consumption amount x highest pork TEQ amount x fat % in lean pork 

13.	 Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin 

*EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental Table 6b. Dioxin Exposure from Chicken as One of Several Protein Foods Sources 

Highest Recommended Calorie Level and Highest TEQ 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommendations in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Highest 

calorie 

level 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Poultry % of 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Recommended 

poultry 

amount 

Chicken % 

of poultry 

Recommended 

chicken amount 

Recommended 

chicken amount 

Body 

weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Highest 

chicken 

TEQ amount 

Fat % in 

lean chicken 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Calculation6 Conversion7 Value8 Calculation9 Value10 Value11 Calculation12 Comparison13

Children 1-2 years 1000 2.0 1.4 39.39% 0.6 93% 0.52 14.836 11.4 1.30 1.281 3.08% 0.051 0.073

Females 3-5 years 1600 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 93% 1.26 35.607 18.3 1.95 1.281 3.08% 0.077 0.110

Males 3-5 years 1600 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 93% 1.26 35.607 18.8 1.89 1.281 3.08% 0.075 0.107

Females 6-12 years 2200 6.0 4.1 39.39% 1.6 93% 1.52 43.025 31.7 1.36 1.281 3.08% 0.054 0.077

Males 6-12 years 2400 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 93% 1.62 45.992 31.9 1.44 1.281 3.08% 0.057 0.081

Females 13-19 years 2400 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 93% 1.62 45.992 65.9 0.70 1.281 3.08% 0.028 0.039

Males 13-19 years 3200 7.0 4.9 39.39% 1.9 93% 1.78 50.443 77.3 0.65 1.281 3.08% 0.026 0.037

Females 20-49 years 2400 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 93% 1.62 45.992 77.1 0.60 1.281 3.08% 0.024 0.034

Males 20-49 years 3000 7.0 4.9 39.39% 1.9 93% 1.78 50.443 90.5 0.56 1.281 3.08% 0.022 0.031

Females 50 years and older 2200 6.0 4.1 39.39% 1.6 93% 1.52 43.025 77.5 0.56 1.281 3.08% 0.022 0.031

Males 50 years and older 2800 7.0 4.9 39.39% 1.9 93% 1.78 50.443 89.5 0.56 1.281 3.08% 0.022 0.032

Usual U.S. intake (adults) 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 2.5~ 93% 2.33 65.914 80 0.824 1.281 3.08% 0.033 0.046

Recommended U.S. intake 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.8~ 93% 1.67 47.458 80 0.593 1.281 3.08% 0.023 0.033

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2.	 Based on recommended meat, poultry, egg amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendix 7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

For example, for a 1000 calorie diet, a value of 10 oz/wk is divided by 7 days/wk 

3. Personal communication with CNPP (USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion); based on the USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPatterns.htm 

4.	 Recommended poultry amount = poultry % of meat, poultry and egg amount x recommended meat, poultry and egg amount 

~Usual and recommended U.S. intake for poultry portion of protein amount is taken from Table 5-1, and represents a 2000 calorie diet 

5.	 Chicken % of "Poultry Subgroup" is 92.6 %: the sum of chicken and poultry luncheon meats 

USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/USDAFoodPatterns/ItemClustersAndRepFoods.pdf 

6. Recommended chicken amount = recommended poultry amount x chicken % of poultry 

7. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

8.	 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

9. Consumption amount = recommended chicken amount/body weight 

10.	 Highest TEQ amount is the highest-TEQ per pg/g of lipid 

Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf 

Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

11. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

12. Exposure = consumption amount x highest chicken TEQ amount x fat % in lean chicken 

13.	 Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin 

*EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental Table 6c. Dioxin Exposure from Turkey as One of Several Protein Foods Sources 

Highest Recommended Calorie Level and Highest TEQ 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommendations in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Highest 

calorie 

level 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Poultry % of 

meat, poultry, 

egg amount 

Recommended 

poultry 

amount 

Turkey % 

of poultry 

Recommended 

turkey amount 

Recommended 

turkey amount 

Body 

weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Highest 

turkey 

TEQ amount 

Fat % in 

lean turkey 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Value1 Value2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Calculation6 Conversion7 Value8 Calculation9 Value10 Value11 Calculation12 Comparison13

Children 1-2 years 1000 2.0 1.4 39.39% 0.6 7% 0.04 1.117 11.4 0.10 4.597 2.86% 0.013 0.018

Females 3-5 years 1600 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 7% 0.09 2.680 18.3 0.15 4.597 2.86% 0.019 0.028

Males 3-5 years 1600 5.0 3.4 39.39% 1.4 7% 0.09 2.680 18.8 0.14 4.597 2.86% 0.019 0.027

Females 6-12 years 2200 6.0 4.1 39.39% 1.6 7% 0.11 3.238 31.7 0.10 4.597 2.86% 0.013 0.019

Males 6-12 years 2400 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 7% 0.12 3.462 31.9 0.11 4.597 2.86% 0.014 0.020

Females 13-19 years 2400 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 7% 0.12 3.462 65.9 0.05 4.597 2.86% 0.007 0.010

Males 13-19 years 3200 7.0 4.9 39.39% 1.9 7% 0.13 3.797 77.3 0.05 4.597 2.86% 0.006 0.009

Females 20-49 years 2400 6.5 4.4 39.39% 1.7 7% 0.12 3.462 77.1 0.04 4.597 2.86% 0.006 0.008

Males 20-49 years 3000 7.0 4.9 39.39% 1.9 7% 0.13 3.797 90.5 0.04 4.597 2.86% 0.006 0.008

Females 50 years and older 2200 6.0 4.1 39.39% 1.6 7% 0.11 3.238 77.5 0.04 4.597 2.86% 0.005 0.008

Males 50 years and older 2800 7.0 4.9 39.39% 1.9 7% 0.13 3.797 89.5 0.04 4.597 2.86% 0.006 0.008

Usual U.S. intake (adults) 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 2.5~ 7% 0.18 4.961 80 0.062 4.597 2.86% 0.008 0.012

Recommended U.S. intake 2000 5.5 N/A N/A 1.8~ 7% 0.13 3.572 80 0.045 4.597 2.86% 0.006 0.008

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2.	 Based on recommended meat, poultry, egg amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendix 7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

For example, for a 1000 calorie diet, a value of 10 oz/wk is divided by 7 days/wk 

3. Personal communication with CNPP (USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion); based on the USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPatterns.htm 

4.	 Recommended poultry amount = poultry % of meat, poultry and egg amount x recommended meat, poultry and egg amount 

~Usual and recommended U.S. intake for poultry portion of protein amount is taken from Table 5-1, and represents a 2000 calorie diet 

5.	 Turkey % of "Poultry Subgroup" is 7.4% 

USDA Food Patterns: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/USDAFoodPatterns/ItemClustersAndRepFoods.pdf 

6. Recommended turkey amount = recommended poultry amount x turkey % of poultry 

7. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

8 . 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

9. Consumption amount = recommended turkey amount/body weight 

10.	 Highest TEQ amount is the highest-TEQ per pg/g of lipid 

Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf 

Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

11. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

12. Exposure = consumption amount x highest turkey TEQ amount x fat % in lean turkey 

13 . Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin 

*EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
Supplemental Table 7a. Mean Dioxin Exposure from Pork as the Sole Protein Food Consumed 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommended Intakes of all Protein Foods in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Body weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Mean pork 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

lean pork 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Conversion2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Value6 Calculation7 Comparison8

1-2 years 2.0 56.700 11.4 4.97 0.16 5.88% 0.047 0.067

3-5 years 4.0 113.400 18.6 6.10 0.16 5.88% 0.057 0.082

6-12 years 5.0 141.750 31.8 4.46 0.16 5.88% 0.042 0.060

13-19 years 6.5 184.275 71.6 2.57 0.16 5.88% 0.024 0.035

20-49 years 6.5 184.275 80 2.30 0.16 5.88% 0.022 0.031

Females 13-49 5.0 141.750 70^ 2.03 0.16 5.88% 0.019 0.027

50 years and older 5.5 155.925 80 1.95 0.16 5.88% 0.018 0.026

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

3. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html

 ^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

4. Consumption amount = recommended Protein Foods amount/body weight 

5. Mean TEQ amount is the mean sum-TEQ per pg/g of lipid

 Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf

 Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

6. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

7. Exposure = consumption amount x mean pork TEQ amount x fat % in lean pork 

8. Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin

 *EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
Supplemental Table 7b. Mean Dioxin Exposure from Chicken as the Sole Protein Food Consumed 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommended Intakes of all Protein Foods in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Body weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Mean chicken 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

lean chicken 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Conversion2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Value6 Calculation7 Comparison8

1-2 years 2.0 56.700 11.4 4.97 0.174 3.08% 0.027 0.038

3-5 years 4.0 113.400 18.6 6.10 0.174 3.08% 0.033 0.047

6-12 years 5.0 141.750 31.8 4.46 0.174 3.08% 0.024 0.034

13-19 years 6.5 184.275 71.6 2.57 0.174 3.08% 0.014 0.020

20-49 years 6.5 184.275 80 2.30 0.174 3.08% 0.012 0.018

Females 13-49 5.0 141.750 70^ 2.03 0.174 3.08% 0.011 0.016

50 years and older 5.5 155.925 80 1.95 0.174 3.08% 0.010 0.015

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

3. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html

 ^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

4. Consumption amount = recommended Protein Foods amount/body weight 

5. Mean TEQ amount is the mean sum-TEQ per pg/g of lipid

 Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf

 Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

6. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

7. Exposure = consumption amount x mean chicken TEQ amount x fat % in lean chicken 

8. Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin

 *EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
Supplemental Table 7c. Mean Dioxin Exposure from Turkey as the Sole Protein Food Consumed 

Based on USDA Food Pattern Recommended Intakes of all Protein Foods in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Recommended 

protein foods 

amount 

Body weight 

(bw) 

Consumption 

amount 

Mean turkey 

TEQ 

amount 

Fat % in 

lean turkey 

Exposure based 

on recommended 

amount 

Comparison 

of exposure 

to RfD* 

Unit (oz/day) (g/day) (kg) (g/kg-day) (pg/g) (pg/kg-bw-day) 

Value1 Conversion2 Value3 Calculation4 Value5 Value6 Calculation7 Comparison8

1-2 years 2.0 56.700 11.4 4.97 0.611 2.86% 0.087 0.124

3-5 years 4.0 113.400 18.6 6.10 0.611 2.86% 0.107 0.152

6-12 years 5.0 141.750 31.8 4.46 0.611 2.86% 0.078 0.111

13-19 years 6.5 184.275 71.6 2.57 0.611 2.86% 0.045 0.064

20-49 years 6.5 184.275 80 2.30 0.611 2.86% 0.040 0.058

Females 13-49 5.0 141.750 70^ 2.03 0.611 2.86% 0.035 0.051

50 years and older 5.5 155.925 80 1.95 0.611 2.86% 0.034 0.049

Footnotes: 

1. Based on recommended calorie levels and Protein Foods amounts from Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Appendices 6&7: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 

2. Conversion from ounces to grams = oz x 28.35 g/oz 

3. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 8-1: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html

 ^"Females 13-49" body weight is an average taken from Table 8-5 

4. Consumption amount = recommended Protein Foods amount/body weight 

5. Mean TEQ amount is the mean sum-TEQ per pg/g of lipid

 Dioxin 08 Survey: Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. Domestic Meat and Poultry Supply: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Dioxin_Report_1009.pdf

 Huwe et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11194–11200 

6. 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook, Table 11-38: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/report.html 

7. Exposure = consumption amount x mean turkey TEQ amount x fat % in lean turkey 

8. Comparison of exposure to the RfD = exposure/RfD for dioxin

 *EPA Dioxin Reassessment, Feb. 2012; RfD for dioxin = 0.7 pg/kg-bw-day (7 X 10-10 mg/kg-bw-day) 
Supplemental Table 8. Poultry Conversion Table. Consumption amounts for Chicken Tables 1&2 and Turkey Tables 1&2 

Generated from Crème software and 2011 EPA Exposure Factors Handbook 

Crème Food Exposure Assessment Software purchased from Crème Global, http://www.cremeglobal.com/cremeusclient/ 

Chicken Conversion 

Age Group 

Chicken consumption 

amount from 

Crème 

Poultry consumption 

amount from 

Crème 

% Chicken in poultry Poultry consumption 

amount from 2011 EPA 

Exposure Factors Handbook 

Chicken consumption amount 

(g/kg-day) 

Whole Population 0.6444 0.7879 0.8179 0.77 0.6298 

Birth to 1 year 0.6005 0.7764 0.7734 0.69 0.5336 

1 to 2 years 1.5791 1.8819 0.8391 1.87 1.5691 

3 to 5 years 1.5058 1.7562 0.8574 1.65 1.4147 

6 to 12 years 0.9580 1.1678 0.8204 1.18 0.9680 

13 to 19 years 0.6814 0.8173 0.8338 0.8 0.6670 

20 to 49 years 0.5851 0.7185 0.8143 0.71 0.5781 

Females 13 to 49 years 0.5320 0.6619 0.8038 0.66 0.5305 

50 years and older 0.4149 0.5230 0.7932 0.5 0.3966 

chicken amount/poultry amount % chicken x poultry consumption amount 

Turkey Conversion 

Age Group 

Turkey consumption 

amount from 

Crème 

Poultry consumption 

amount from 

Crème 

% Turkey in poultry Poultry consumption 

amount from 2011 EPA 

Exposure Factors Handbook 

Turkey consumption amount 

(g/kg-day) 

Whole Population 0.1435 0.7879 0.1821 0.77 0.1402 

Birth to 1 year 0.1759 0.7764 0.2266 0.69 0.1564 

1 to 2 years 0.3028 1.8819 0.1609 1.87 0.3009 

3 to 5 years 0.2504 1.7562 0.1426 1.65 0.2353 

6 to 12 years 0.2098 1.1678 0.1796 1.18 0.2120 

13 to 19 years 0.1359 0.8173 0.1662 0.8 0.1330 

20 to 49 years 0.1335 0.7185 0.1857 0.71 0.1319 

Females 13 to 49 years 0.1299 0.6619 0.1962 0.66 0.1295 

50 years and older 0.1082 0.5230 0.2068 0.5 0.1034 

turkey amount/poultry amount % turkey x poultry consumption amount