2008 D e c i sion s O p inion s of the U nit e d S t at e s C our t of Appe al s for the Thir d C ir c uit 12-2-2008 

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. J ohn Y o s t P r e c e de nt i al or N on-P r e c e de nt i al : N on-P r e c e de nt i al D ocke t N o . 08-2180

F o llow thi s and a dd it ion al work s at : http://d i git alc ommon s .l a w . vi ll anova . e du/thir dc ir c uit_2008

Thi s de c i sion i s br ou ght t o you for f r e e and ope n a c c e s s b y the O p inion s of the U nit e d S t at e s C our t of Appe al s for the Thir d C ir c uit at V i ll anova U nive r sity S choo l of L a

w Di git al Reposit ory

. It h as be e n a c c ept e d for inclusion in 2008 D e c i sion s b y an author i z e d a dmini s tr at or of V i ll anova U nive r sity S choo l of L a

w Di git al Reposit ory

. F or mor e inform at ion, p le as e c ont a ct Be n j amin . C arl s on@l a

w . vi ll anova . e du . Re c omme nde d C it at ion " W a yne C os t i gan v

. J o hn Y os t " (2008). 2008 D e cisio n s . P ape r 167. http://d i git alc ommon s .l a

w . vi ll anova . e du/thir dc ir c uit_2008/167NOT P RE CE DE NT I AL UN I TED STATES CO UR T OF A PP EALS F O R T H E T H IR D C IR C U IT

___________ N o. 08- 2180

___________ WAYNE CO S T I GAN,

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____________________________________ Subm i tt ed Pur s uantt o T hi r d C i r cui tL A R 34. 1( a)

D ece m ber1, 2008 B efore: F ISH E R , JO R D A N and V A N A N T W E R P E N , C i rcui tJudg es.

( Fi l ed: D ece m ber2, 2008 )

___________ OP I NI ON

___________ P E R C UR I AM W ayne C os t i gan, pr o s e, appea l s an or derof the U ni t ed St at es D i s t r i ctC our tfor t he W es t ern D i s t r i ctof Penns y l vani a deny i ng hi s habea s pet i t i on fi l ed pur s uantt o 28 U. S . C. § 2 2 4 1 . W e wi l l a f f i r m.2

C os t i gan pl eade d gui l t yt o bank r obberyand t o pos s es s i on of a f i r earm dur i ng t he comm i s s i on of a c r i m e of vi ol ence . I n 2004, the U ni t ed St at es D i s t r i ctC our tforthe E a ste rn D istric t o f

N e w Y o rk se n ten c e d h im to 1 2 3 m o n th s o f im p riso n m e n t, or d e re d h im t o pay$103, 118 i n r es t i tut i on upon r el eas e fr om pr i s on, and i m pos ed “a s peci al as s es s m entof $200 w hi ch s hal l be due i m m edi at el y . ” I n J anuary2005, C os t i gan s i gned a contr actundert he B ur eau of Pr i s on’ s ( “B O P”) I nm at e Fi nanci al R es pons i bi l i t yPr ogr am (“ IF R P ” ), w h e re b yh e a g re e d to p a y$ 5 0 e a c h q u a rt e r t o s a tis f yh is f in a n c ia l o b lig a tio n s . C o s tig a n s ig n e d a n o th e r I F R P c o n tr a c t in M a rc h 2 0 0 7 , a g re e in g to p a y$ 2 5 p e r q u a rt e r. N evertheles s, C ost i gan fai l ed to m ake an ypay m ents . I n J ul y2007, C os t i gan fi l ed a pe t i t i on under28 U . S. C . § 2241, cl ai m i ng thatthe D istric t C o u rt im p e rm iss ib lyd e leg a ted to th e B O P th e tas k o f e sta b lish in g th e sc h e d u le byw hi ch he w oul d payt he s peci al as s es s m enti m pos ed as partof hi s s ent ence . H e ar gued th a t, be c a u se th e B O P w a s n o t au th o riz e d to se t th e p a ym e n t sc h e d u le, it im p ro p e rly i m pos ed “s anct i ons ” bas ed on hi s fai l ur e t o par t i ci pat e i n t he I FR P. T he ca s e w as r efe r r ed t o a M agi s t r at e J udge, w ho concl uded that , bys ett i ng the s peci al as s es s m entas due i m m edi at el y , t he D i s t r i ctC our tdi d noti m perm i s s i bl ydel egat e author i t y . O ver C os t i gan’ s obj ect i ons , t he D i s t r i ctC our tadopt ed the M agi s t r at e J udge’ s R epor tand R ecomm endat i on and di s m i s s ed the § 2241 pet i t i on. C os t i gan t i m el yappea l ed. B eca us e C os t i gan’ s chal l enge goe s di r ect l yt o exec ut i on of the s ent ence ( i . e. , w h ethe r th e B O P h as a u tho ri tyto se t th e term s o f th e p ay m en t of the s p ec ial asse ssm en t) ,3

t he cl ai m fal l s s quar el yw i t hi n t hos e pr oper l yr ai s ed i n a pet i t i on forhabea s corpus under § 2 2 4 1 . S e e Co a d yv . Va u g h n , 2 5 1 F . 3 d 4 8 0 , 4 8 5 ( 3 d Ci r . 2 0 0 1 ) . I n s u p p o r to f h i s c l a i m, Co s t i g a n r e l i e s o n Un i t e d S t a t e s v . Co a t e s , 1 7 8 F . 3 d 6 8 1 , 6 8 5 ( 3 d Ci r . 1 9 9 9 ) , wh e r e we h eld th at, u n d er the M an d atoryV ict im s R esti tuti o n A ct (“M V R A ”), th e se n tenc ing co u rt cannotdel egat e the s chedul i ng of r es t i tut i on paym ent s t o a pr obat i on offi cerort o t he B O P b ec au se th e f

ixing o f re sti tuti o n p ay m en ts i s an ex clus ivelyjud ici al ac t. M o re re c e n tly , w e h e ld th a t a s e n ten c in g c o u rt im p e rm iss ib lyd e leg a tes its a u th o rityw h e n it or der s i m m edi at e paym entof r es t i tut i on w i t h know l edge thatthe def endantcoul d not m ake i m m edi at e paym enti n ful l . See U ni t ed St at es v. C or l ey , 500 F. 3d 210, 226- 27 ( 3d C ir. 2 0 0 7 ). T h e se h o ld in g s a re b a se d o n 1 8 U .S .C . § 3 6 6 4 (f )(2 ), w h ich p ro v id e s th a t, “in c o n s id e ra tio n o f

” th e d e f e n d a n t’ s f

in a n c ia l r e s o u rc e s , th e s e n te n c in g c o u rt “ s h a ll . . . s peci fyi n t he r es t i tut i on or dert he manneri n w hi ch, and the s chedul e ac cor di ng t o w hi ch, t he r es t i tut i on i s t o be pai d. ” See Coat es , 178 F. 3d at684 ( “[s ] i nce the M V R A m andat es that d istri ct co u rt s sch ed u le resti tuti o n p ay m en ts after tak ing into a cc o u n t th e d ef en d an t’ s fin an cial reso u rce s, the D istri ct C o u rt ’s fa il u re to d o so h ere co n sti tutes p lai n erro r. ”); C or l ey , 500 F. 3d at227. I m por t ant l y , how ever , C os t i gan i s notchal l engi ng thatpor t i on of the j udgm ent p ertaining to resti tuti o n . Instea d , h is cl aim is ba sed ex clus ivelyo n the s en tenc ing co u rt ’s fai l ur e t o s eta s chedul e forpay i ng t he $200 s peci al as s es s m ent . T he s peci al as s es s m ent w as m andat or yunder18 U . S. C . § 3013( a) ( 2) ( A ) , and w as t o be “c ol l ect ed i n t he manner4

th a t f in e s a re c o llec ted in c rim in a l ca se s.” 1 8 U .S .C . § 3 0 1 3 (b ). T h e A tto rn e yG e n e ra l is r es pons i bl e fort he col l ect i on of cr i m i nal fi nes . See 18 U . S. C . § 3612( c) . T he t i m e and m ethod of paym enti s governed by18 U . S. C . § 3572( d) , w hi ch pr ovi des that“[a ] per s on s ent ence d t o paya fi ne orot herm onet arypenal t y , i ncl udi ng r es t i tut i on, s hal l m ake s uch p a ym e n t im m e d iate ly , u n les s . . . th e c o u rt p ro v id e s f o r p a ym e n t o n a d a te c e rta in o r in i ns t al l m ent s . ” B ut , unl i ke w i t h r es t i tut i on, ther e i s no pr ovi s i on m andat i ng thatthe or der fora fi ne ors peci al as s es s m enti ncl ude a pa ym ents chedul e i n cons i der at i on of the defe ndant ’ s economi c ci r cumst ance s . T her efor e, beca us e the s ent enci ng courtw as not r equi r ed t o s eta paym ents chedul e forthe s peci al as s es s m ent , w e w i l l aff i r m the D i s t r i ct C our t ’ s or derdeny i ng C os t i gan’ s § 2241 pet i t i on.