FILED

June 25, 1998

Cecil Crowson, Jr.

Appellate C ourt Clerk

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT KNOXVILLE

CANONIE ENERGY, INC. and )

WGI, INC., ) ANDERSON CHANCERY

)

Plaintiffs/Appellees ) NO. 03A01-9710-CH-00481

)

v. ) HON. WILLIAM E. LANTRIP

) CHANCELLOR

TENNESSEE ENERGY PIPELINE )

AND STORAGE COMPANY, )

)

Defendant/Appellant ) REVERSED

Lewis S. Howard, Jr., Knoxville, for Appellant.

H. Bruce Guyton, Knoxville, for Appellee.

O P I N I O N

INMAN, Senior Judge

This is an action for a declaratory judgment.

In 1992 an option was executed by four (4) corporations engaged in gas

and oil exploration and development: Canonie Energy, Inc. [CEI]; WGI, Inc.;

Coal Creek Mining and Manufacturing Co. [CC]; and Tennessee Energy

Transport, Inc. [TET]. These corporations created TEPSCO, another

corporation, in 1992, but CEI and WGI chose not to become shareholders at the

time TEPSCO was chartered, choosing instead to have the right to acquire, by

option, 25 percent of the shares of TEPSCO within three years. 

To the extent pertinent, the Option provides:

“WHEREAS, the parties agree, in accordance with the

procedures and limitations set forth herein, to permit CEI/WGI to

acquire a 25% stock ownership in TEPSCO.
2

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual

agreements and undertakings of the parties hereto, it is agreed as

follows:

1. During a three (3) year period from the date hereof, on

written notice of TEPSCO to CEI/WGI or CEI/WGI to TEPSCO (i)

at such time as TEPSCO requires additional working capital, or (ii)

at the option of CEI/WGI, CEI/WGI may acquire a 25% stock

ownership in TEPSCO by timely making the cash payment for such

25% stock ownership as hereinafter determined by the appraisal

method.

 . . . . . . . 

6. This right to acquire a 25% stock interest in TEPSCO

may be invoked and exercised only once and only as to the entirety

of such 25% interest, is non-assignable and non-transferable by

CEI/WGI and shall terminate on the earlier of: (a) three years from

this date, (b) the default by CEI/WGI in the investment schedule or

other requirements under the Ex and Dev Agreement, (c) the notice

to CEI/WGI under Paragraph 1 and the declination of CEI/WGI to

purchase stock, or (d) the failure of CEI/WGI to timely close on the

acquisition of stock hereunder and pay the consideration

therefore.”

On January 6, 1993, CEI notified TEPSCO that it elected to exercise the

option to the exclusion of WGI and would acquire the 25% stock interest in

TEPSCO for $500,000.00. Fifteen days later, Jerry Canonie and Don

Helmboldt, officers of CEI, attended a board meeting of TEPSCO and reported

that WGI was not participating in the transaction and would execute a waiver of

its right to do so. TEPSCO acknowledged the exercise of the Option.

On March 1, 1993, the scheduled closing date for purchase of the

TEPSCO stock by CEI, its representatives attended the offices of TEPSCO, but

failed to tender the purchase price and could not close the transaction.

Two years later, on May 3, 1995, CEI/WGI sent a letter to TEPSCO

attempting a second time to exercise the right to acquire 25% interest in

TEPSCO under the Option. By letter dated May 8, 1995, TEPSCO advised
3

CEI/WGI that such rights had terminated pursuant to paragraph six (6) of the

Option.

This action for a declaratory judgment was filed by CEI/WGI. The

Complaint does not allege separate or severable rights as to the Option. 

Interestingly, the Complaint alleges CEI/WGI “ . . . have properly and timely

exercised their stock acquisition rights under The Option Agreement,” and that

TEPSCO refused to perform its obligations.

TEPSCO defended the action upon the premise that CEI and WGI

exercised the Option for the agreed purchase price of $500,000.00, with the

transaction to be closed on or before March 1,1993. The defendant alleged that

the plaintiffs reneged and failed to pay the consideration, resulting in a default

of closure, thereby activating section 6(d) of the contract which provides that

the Option may be exercised only one time.

The Chancellor agreed and dismissed the action, but thereafter

reconsidered and granted the plaintiffs specific performance. Because we find

the Chancellor was correct the first time, the judgment is reversed and the case

is dismissed.

Our review of the findings of fact made by the trial Court is de novo upon

the record of the trial Court, accompanied by a presumption of the correctness

of the finding, unless the preponderance of the evidence is otherwise. TENN. R.

APP. P., RULE 13(d).. R. APP. P., RULE 13(d); Campbell v. Florida Steel Corp.,

919 S.W.2d 26 (Tenn. 1996). Where there is no conflict in the evidence as to

any material fact, the question on appeal is one of law, and the scope of review

is de novo with no presumption of correctness accompanying a chancellor's

conclusions of law. Union Carbide Corp. v. Huddleston, 854 S.W.2d 87 (Tenn.

1993). 
4

The appellant correctly argues that a resolution of this case involves

interpretation of the Option, which is a matter of law and not one of fact. Petty

v. Sloane, 277 S.W.2d 355 (Tenn. 1955). It is elementary that contracts must be

enforced according to their terms. Pearsall Motors v. Regal ChryslerPlymouth, Inc., 521 S.W.2d 578 (Tenn. 1975); Malone & Hyde Food Service v.

Parson, 642 S.W.2d 157 (Tenn. App. 1982). 

We agree with the appellant that the Option, by its clear and

unambiguous terms, granted a single, unseverable right to acquire a 25% stock

ownership in TEPSCO to CEI/WGI and limited these optionees to a single

exercise. The Chancellor determined, upon reconsideration, that his finding

that the Option terminated when the transaction failed to close was applicable to

CEI only, and not to WGI. This conclusion manifestly requires the presumption

that either of these entities had exercisable rights. We are unable to agree,

because there is no language in the Option to this effect, either directly or

inferably. Moreover, the evidence clearly revealed that the Option was held

jointly by CEI and WGI, and that the representatives of these optionees, at the

January 21, 1993 board meeting, advised TEPSCO that WGI acquiesced in its

exclusion. The corporate minutes reflect and affirm this fact. Significantly,

none of the correspondence or documents generated after the January board

meeting contains any reference to the involvement of WGI; no witness testified

that WGI was improperly excluded, and it was stipulated that the Charter of

WGI had been revoked, with its business winding up. Again significantly, WGI

did not allege that it held a separate or severable right, and this issue was not

raised at trial.
5

We agree with the appellant that the only right created by the Option was

the “non-assignable and non-transferable” right of CEI/WGI jointly to acquire a

single, 25% stock interest in TEPSCO, which right terminated when the

transaction failed to close upon default of payment of the purchase price.

The judgment is reversed and the case is dismissed at the costs of the

appellees.

_______________________________

William H. Inman, Senior Judge

CONCUR:

_______________________________

Houston M. Goddard, Presiding Judge

_______________________________

Herschel P. Franks, Judge