[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it may be cited as State 

ex rel. Army of the Twelve Monkeys v. Warren Cty. Court of Common Pleas, Slip Opinion No. 

2019-Ohio-901.] 

NOTICE 

This slip opinion is subject to formal revision before it is published in an 

advance sheet of the Ohio Official Reports. Readers are requested to 

promptly notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of Ohio, 65 

South Front Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215, of any typographical or other 

formal errors in the opinion, in order that corrections may be made before 

the opinion is published. 

SLIP OPINION NO. 2019-OHIO-901

THE STATE EX REL. THE ARMY OF THE TWELVE MONKEYS, APPELLANT, v.

WARREN COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, APPELLEE. 

[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it 

may be cited as State ex rel. Army of the Twelve Monkeys v. Warren Cty. Court 

of Common Pleas, Slip Opinion No. 2019-Ohio-901.] 

Mandamus—Only an attorney may file pleadings on behalf of another party in 

court—Court of appeals’ judgment affirmed as modified.

(No. 2018-0760—Submitted January 8, 2019—Decided March 19, 2019.) 

APPEAL from the Court of Appeals for Warren County, No. CA2018-03-032. 

________________ 

 Per Curiam. 

{¶ 1} Appellant, the Army of the 12 Monkeys, a.k.a. the Army of the 

Twelve Monkeys (“the Army”), appeals the judgment of the Twelfth District Court 

of Appeals dismissing its complaint for a writ of mandamus for failure to pay the 

filing fee. We affirm. 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

2

{¶ 2} The Army is an unincorporated nonprofit association registered with 

the Ohio Secretary of State. On March 16, 2018, Sean Swain, then an inmate at the 

Warren Correctional Institution and the authorized agent for the Army, filed a 

complaint on behalf of the Army for a writ of mandamus in the court of appeals 

against appellee, the Warren County Court of Common Pleas, alleging that the 

common pleas court was failing in its duty to provide the Army with copies of 

filings in a pending lawsuit that the Army had filed against the Warren Correctional 

Institution. 

{¶ 3} At the time that he filed the complaint in mandamus, Swain also 

submitted, on behalf of the Army, a motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis. 

On April 9, 2018, the court of appeals denied the motion and pursuant to 12th 

Dist.Loc.App.R. 2(B),1

 ordered the Army to pay $225 as a deposit for costs no later 

than April 30, 2018. On May 17, after the fee was not paid, the court of appeals 

dismissed the complaint with prejudice. 

{¶ 4} The Army appealed and filed a merit brief defending its alleged right 

to proceed in forma pauperis. We affirm the dismissal of the complaint but for a 

different reason. 

{¶ 5} R.C. 4705.01 provides: 

No person shall be permitted to practice as an attorney and 

counselor at law, or to commence, conduct, or defend any action or 

proceeding in which the person is not a party concerned, either by 

using or subscribing the person’s own name, or the name of another 

person, unless the person has been admitted to the bar by order of 

the supreme court in compliance with its prescribed and published 

rules. 

 

1. The court of appeals’ entry erroneously cited 12th Dist.Loc.App.R. 2(A), which governs appeals, 

rather than 12th Dist.Loc.App.R. 2(B), which applies to original actions. 
January Term, 2019 

3

Thus, only a licensed attorney may file pleadings on behalf of another party in 

court. Disciplinary Counsel v. Givens, 106 Ohio St.3d 144, 2005-Ohio-4104, 832 

N.E.2d 1200, ¶ 7. A complaint filed by a nonattorney in violation of R.C. 4705.01 

should be dismissed without prejudice. See, e.g., In re Jerdine, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga 

No. 91172, 2008-Ohio-1928, ¶ 9; Sheridan Mobile Village, Inc. v. Larsen, 78 Ohio 

App.3d 203, 205-206, 604 N.E.2d 217 (4th Dist.1992); Williams v. Global Constr. 

Co., 26 Ohio App.3d 119, 121, 498 N.E.2d 500 (10th Dist.1985). 

{¶ 6} With rare exceptions that are not applicable here, a corporation is not 

permitted to maintain litigation and appear in court represented by nonattorney 

corporate officers or agents. Union Savs. Assn. v. Home Owners Aid, Inc., 23 Ohio 

St.2d 60, 64, 262 N.E.2d 558 (1970). And one’s status as a statutory agent does 

not confer the right to file pleadings in a court of law on behalf of a corporation. 

Disciplinary Counsel v. Shrode, 95 Ohio St.3d 137, 2002-Ohio-1759, 766 N.E.2d 

597, ¶ 9. This rule logically applies to an unincorporated nonprofit association, 

which “is a legal entity distinct from its members and managers,” R.C. 1745.08(A), 

possessing the legal capacity “to sue and be sued in its own name,” R.C. 1745.11, 

and the legal right to acquire, hold, and transfer real and personal property, see R.C. 

1745.09, and maintains the legal responsibility for its own debts, see R.C. 1745.10. 

{¶ 7} Swain does not appear as a licensed attorney on the Supreme Court of 

Ohio’s attorney-directory website.2 Therefore, the mandamus complaint that he 

filed on behalf of the Army violated R.C. 4705.01 and should have been dismissed 

by the court of appeals on that basis. And because this conclusion is true regardless 

of whether the court of appeals properly denied the Army’s motion for leave to 

proceed in forma pauperis, we see no need to analyze that question here. 

 

2. The Supreme Court of Ohio Attorney Directory, https://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov 

/AttorneySearch/#/search (accessed Feb. 26, 2019). 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

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{¶ 8} We affirm the judgment of the court of appeals dismissing the 

complaint, but we modify that judgment to hold that the dismissal is without

prejudice. 

 Judgment affirmed as modified. 

O’CONNOR, C.J., and KENNEDY, FRENCH, FISCHER, DEWINE, DONNELLY,

and STEWART, JJ., concur. 

_________________ 

Sean Swain, pro se. 

_________________