CONFRONTING THE WILDFIRE CRISIS

Initial Landscape Investments to Protect Communities 

and Improve Resilience in America’s Forests

Forest Service

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

WILDFIRE CRISIS

Landscape Investments

FS-1187d | April 2022
2

3

INITIAL LANDSCAPE 

INVESTMENTS

FIRESHEDS AND LANDSCAPES

Firesheds identified under the Wildfire Crisis 

Strategy are displayed with initial landscapes 

where the Forest Service is ready to invest in 

hazardous fuels mitigation.

Based on results of years of scientific research and planning, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest 

Service released “Confronting the Wildfire Crisis: A Strategy for Protecting Communities and Improving 

Resilience in America’s Forests” in January 2022. In the initial step of launching this strategy and identifying 

high-risk landscapes for Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) investments, the Forest Service engaged 

other Federal (especially U.S. Department of the Interior), State, and local agencies; Tribes; communities; 

collaborative groups; nongovernmental organizations; private landowners and other partners. 

As outlined in the Implementation Plan, the goal of this process was to identify landscapes that (1) 

have projects that are at scale or can be built out to scale, (2) are outcome driven, (3) are collaboratively 

developed with communities and ready for implementation, (4) allow for investment in underserved 

communities, (5) could leverage current partner investments, and (6) could maximize use of existing 

authorities. 

In total, 29 candidate Initial Landscape Investments were proposed, ranging in size from 5,000 to 1.6 

million acres. Of those proposals, the Forest Service selected 10 Initial Landscape Investments in 8 States 

for this round of BIL funding and implementation in fiscal year (FY) 2022. The remaining landscapes may 

be identified for fuels reduction work through other funding sources and reconsidered for future rounds of 

BIL investments.

In selecting these landscapes for initial investment, the Forest Service considered where BIL investments 

could reduce exposure of people, communities, and natural resources to the risk of catastrophic wildfire. 

Working together with partners, the agency also considered collaborative efforts already in place and initial 

opportunities to invest in underserved and socially disadvantaged communities. Proposed projects in 

these landscapes include other Federal, Tribal, and State and private partner investments and complement 

community investments in fire-adapted communities. The landscapes align with State Forest Action Plans 

and provide opportunities to leverage past work and available congressional authorities and programs, 

including the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program, Tribal Forest Protection Act, Good 

Neighbor Authority, Joint Chiefs’ Landscape Restoration Partnership Program, and Shared Stewardship 

agreements. These investments are occurring in tandem with a broader portfolio of work from other 

funding sources related to wildfire risk, recovery, and resilience in communities across the country. Many 

high-risk firesheds, however, remain to be treated beyond those captured in this round.  

Through ongoing roundtables and other engagements, the Forest Service will continue to work with ALL 

partners—from the U.S. Department of the Interior agencies to Tribes to local communities—to address 

different values and priorities, identify common ground, support implementation, and identify additional 

investments needed in a way that is transparent and built on relationships. 

Together with its partners, the Forest Service must work at the scale needed to protect communities 

while conserving important ecological values at risk from wildfire and drought. The following 10 Initial 

Landscape Investments reflect the Forest Service’s commitment to that work. 
4 5

The following list represents those landscapes that are most closely 

aligned with high-risk firesheds and provide treatments at a scale 

or can be built out to scale that will make a difference in reducing 

wildfire risk. This initial announcement is a total of 10 landscapes in 

Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Montana, Colorado, New 

Mexico, and Arizona. In FY 2022, the agency intends to invest $131 

million for implementation within high-risk firesheds, as well as 

investing in enabling conditions that will lead to increased capacity 

over time (including $34 million in salary). These investments 

will lead to 208,000 acres of treatment in FY 2022, but more 

importantly, will lead to increased outcomes in subsequent years.

RECOMMENDATION

Landscape Name State Size of Landscape

(Acres)

FY 2022 Funding

(Millions)

FY 2022 Accomplishment 

(Acres)

Total FY 2022-2024 

Funding (Millions)

Total FY 2022-2024 

Accomplishment

(Acres)

4FRI Arizona 2,400,000 $12.0 100,000 $160.0 300,000

Prescott Arizona 401,000 $11.1 28,000 $28.7 87,700

North Yuba California 313,000 $6.8 4,500 $25.5 16,900

Stanislaus California 245,000 $21.8 8,500 $55.2 32,500

Colorado Front Range Colorado 3,500,000 $18.1 10,000 $170.4 36,100

Southwest Idaho Idaho 1,720,000 $17.4 18,000 $59.5 55,000

Kootenai Complex Montana 800,000 $3.6 900 $19.3 7,200

Enchanted Circle New Mexico 1,500,000 $6.6 9,000 $11.3 32,500

Central Oregon Oregon 2,600,000 $4.5 5,000 $41.3 50,000

Central Washington Initiative Washington 2,450,000 $24.6 24,000 $102.6 124,000

Total $131.3 208,000 $673.8 742,000

Table 1. Proposed Initial Landscape Investments. NOTE: Acreage denotes the size of the landscape, not actual acres to be treated within that landscape. This summary table represents 

total size of landscapes, FY 2022 funding and planned accomplishments, as well as total funding and accomplishments for FY 2022-2024. The landscape size does not represent total 

planned treatment acres. Strategic treatment objectives focused on reducing approximately 80 percent of the exposure to structures indicate the need to treat 20 to 40 percent of 

the overall fireshed. The overall size of these 10 landscapes is 16 million acres, of which 7 million acres are high-risk firesheds. Applying the 20 to 40 percent treatment objective would 

indicate the long-term need to treat 1.4 to 2.8 million acres on these landscapes.

Sierra Hotshots conduct and monitor 

a controlled burn on the Sierra 

National Forest, CA. USDA Forest 

Service photo by Kari Greer.
6 7

FOUR FOREST RESTORATION 

INITIATIVE (4FRI)

Southwestern Region | Region 3

NATIONAL FOREST

Kaibab, Coconino, Apache-Sitgreaves and

Tonto National Forests

STATES

Arizona

LANDSCAPE SIZE

2,400,000 acres

EXPECTED COMPLETION OF

INITIAL TREATMENTS

2042

EXPECTED BIL FUNDING

FY 2022: $12 million 

FY 2022 - 2024: $160 million

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

AZ-1, AZ-3

TRIBAL CONNECTION

The Forest Service consults with 17 Native 

American Tribes, as well as 10 Navajo Nation 

chapters on 4FRI and the Rim Country EIS. 

PARTNERS

The Nature Conservancy, The Center for 

Biological Diversity, Trout Unlimited, Great 

Old Broads of Wilderness, The Grand Canyon 

Trust, county representatives from all 

4FRI counties, National Forest Foundation, 

Ecological Restoration Institute, National 

Wild Turkey Federation, Northern Arizona 

Loggers Association, NewLife Forest Products 

LLC, Novo BioPower, Campbell Global, Salt 

River Project, AZ Department of Forestry 

and Fire, AZ Game and Fish Dept, Bureau of 

Reclamation, and AZ Commerce Authority

LANDSCAPE HIGHLIGHTS

The Four Forest Restoration Initiative (4FRI) is a landscape-level effort to restore the 

structure, pattern, composition, and health of fire-adapted ponderosa pine ecosystems 

across 2.4 million acres in northern Arizona. The project uses a full suite of restoration 

approaches that are carried out by Forest Service personnel, partners, volunteers, and 

contractors. The 4FRI vision is to restore forest ecosystems, reduce threats of destructive 

wildfire to thriving forest communities, support sustainable forest industries that 

strengthen local economies, protect critical watersheds, conserve natural resources, 

and maintain aesthetic value, as well as ensure the long-term success of this project and 

industry. 

The 4FRI Restoration Strategy outlines an approach to restore a landscape that includes 6 

out of 10 of the highest priority firesheds in the Southwestern Region. There are also 9 of the 

10 Arizona high-priority, fire-risk areas located in the 4FRI footprint. The strategy focuses on 

partner projects in at risk areas and broadens the scale of treatment to more immediately 

reduce wildfire risk, protect communities, and restore the health of forests.

The Rim Country Project is 4FRI’s second multi-forest restoration project, and its Final 

Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) was released for the 45-day objection period on 

March 18, 2022. The FEIS is one of the largest landscape-scale restoration planning efforts in 

Forest Service history and the decision outlines 991,060 acres of treatments over 20-years. 

This project is a prime example of the collaborative and innovative approach toward 

landscape-scale forest restoration taken by 4FRI and is designed to maximize flexibility in 

how and where restoration occurs. Rim Country proposes a condition-based management 

approach to provide flexibilities for the right treatment in the right location over the long 

term. The Rim Country Project FEIS is a key prerequisite to implementing the 4FRI restoration 

strategy with existing and new industry opportunities and has broad public support both 

locally and nationally.

MECHANISMS FOR EXECUTION

Multiple challenge/cost share and master stewardship agreements are already in place and 

being developed. Notably, the regional forester signed agreements with the Salt River Project 

and Arizona Department of Forestry and Fire to cost-share long-term implementation of 

Cragin Watershed Protection Project and Tonto Restoration Project. The Kaibab National 

Forest recently completed a Master Stewardship Agreement with National Forest Fund for 

the Bill Williams project to ensure completion over the next 5 years. A Master Stewardship 

Agreement with the National Wild Turkey Federation for restoration is ongoing. The full suite 

of timber sale contract mechanisms are also being utilized for 4FRI program of work on each 

forest in timber, hazardous fuels reduction, and roads/bridge work.

EXPECTED OUTPUTS

FY 2022: 100,000 acres

FY 2022 - 2024: 300,000 acres

Landscapes 4FRI

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Results from 4FRI will include accelerating treatments in high-priority locations; providing wood products to existing 

industry, now and into the future; and creating innovative approaches that attract and sustain forest products industry. 

Considering the total acres treated and planned under this strategy (up to 1.2 million acres) across the 2.4 million acres 

landscape, the outcome is treating approximately 47 percent of the 2.4 million acres. 

4FRI associated watersheds capture, store, and release clean water to municipal, domestic, irrigation, and industrial uses 

for millions of people in the Phoenix metropolitan area and beyond. As outlined in the 4FRI Restoration Strategy, nine highpriority partner projects will improve watershed conditions. Two examples are: 

• The Flagstaff Watershed Protection Project will reduce the risk of severe wildfire and subsequent post-fire 

flooding in the Rio de Flag and Upper Lake Mary watersheds. 

• The Cragin Watershed Protection Project—a collaborative 64,443-acre forest restoration project to thin trees 

and apply prescribed fire treatments—will restore the forest to healthier conditions and protect the C.C. Cragin 

Reservoir, which is the primary water supply for the Town of Payson and surrounding communities. 
8 9

NATIONAL FOREST

Prescott National Forest

STATES

Arizona

LANDSCAPE SIZE

401,000 acres

EXPECTED COMPLETION OF

INITIAL TREATMENTS

2032

EXPECTED BIL FUNDING

FY 2022: $11.1 million 

TOTAL FY 2022 - 2024: $28.7 million

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

AZ-4

TRIBAL CONNECTION

Yavapai-Prescott Indian Tribe, Yavapai-Apache 

Nation, Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation, Hopi 

Tribe, Hualapai Tribe, Tonto-Apache Tribe 

PARTNERS

Bureau of Land Management, AZ Division of 

Forestry & Fire Management, Prescott Area 

Wildland Urban Interface Commission, Yavapai 

County Emergency Management, Yavapai 

County Public Works, Yavapai County Sheriff’s 

Office, Local Fire Departments, above listed 

Tribes, National Forest Foundation, Arizona 

Game & Fish, Natural Resource Conservation 

Service, Natural Resource Conservation 

District, Arizona Public Service, Salt River 

Project 

LANDSCAPE HIGHLIGHTS

The objectives of this project are to reduce community wildland fire risks while restoring 

and increasing ecosystem resiliency. Implementation efforts will focus on the top priority 

firesheds identified in the National Forest Scenario Investment Planning Platform, building 

upon historic fuels treatments and capitalizing on cross-boundary opportunities to 

collaborate with public, Tribal, and private-area partners. Focusing on priority firesheds 

that have been identified by fire scientists as the best places to treat the fewest acres 

while affecting the largest reductions in community risks from wildfires, this a strategic 

and proactive investment of public funds and a new approach. The forest will utilize a full 

complement of restoration tools, including but not limited to prescribed fire, mastication, 

timber thinning and harvest, road improvement, and fuel breaks. 

The project will enhance public and firefighter safety by creating defensible space within, 

adjacent to, and leading up to communities, Tribal lands, and youth camps. Firefighters will 

be able to more effectively manage the spread of unplanned ignitions, providing increased 

operating margins and time for the public to evacuate. The planned treatments will 

simultaneously restore and add resiliency to these fire dependent ecosystems.

The project also reduces the wildfire threat to popular recreation areas and trail systems 

crossing jurisdictional boundaries. These areas attract more than 750,000 visitors per year 

and account for roughly 40 percent of the nightly hotel stays in the Greater Prescott area. 

There will be a direct economic benefit to local businesses in the hospitality, fuel services, 

shipping, and heavy equipment maintenance sectors. 

MECHANISMS FOR EXECUTION

The project will use in-house Forest Service personnel; existing and new local, statewide, 

regional, and national agreements (funded and nonfunded); existing and new contracts; 

as well as partnership and cooperator capacity to contract and implement roads, fuels, 

and vegetation treatments.

EXPECTED OUTPUTS

FY 2022: 28,000 acres

FY 2022 - 2024: 87,700 acres

Landscapes

GREATER PRESCOTT AREA WILDFIRE 

PROTECTION AND RESTORATION

Southwestern Region | Region 3

Prescott

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

The project will improve overall ecosystem health and watershed function while reducing the wildfire hazard to 

communities/areas, including but not limited to Prescott, Prescott Valley, Dewey, Humboldt, Mayer, Cottonwood, Crown 

King, Walker, Groom Creek, Ponderosa Park, Highland Pines, and Jerome. This project will meet the strategic treatment 

objective of restoring fire-adapted ecosystems to 40 percent of the landscape to reduce 80 percent of the exposure from 

wildfire.

The project capitalizes on existing and new agreements with partners and local area church/youth camps allowing for 

cross-boundary collaboration and implementation (prescribed fire and mechanical treatments). 

The project includes cross-boundary ecosystems and watersheds, shared with Tribal nations, local/State/Federal 

jurisdictions, and private entities. Aligned with the Regional Strategic Plan, the focus is on large-scale ecosystem 

management that is accomplished through shared stewardship. 
10 11

NATIONAL FOREST

Tahoe National Forest

STATE(S)

California

LANDSCAPE SIZE

313,000 acres

EXPECTED COMPLETION OF 

INITIAL TREATMENTS

2032

EXPECTED BIL FUNDING

FY 2022: $6.8 million 

TOTAL FY 2022 - 2024: $25.5 million

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

CA-1

TRIBAL CONNECTION

Nisenan of the Nevada City Rancheria

PARTNERS

National Forest Foundation, The Nature 

Conservancy, Blue Forest Conservation, 

Yuba Water Agency, Sierra County, 

Nisenan of the Nevada City Rancheria, 

South Yuba River Citizens League, 

Camptonville Community Partnership

LANDSCAPE HIGHLIGHTS

The 313,000-acre North Yuba Landscape watershed is one of the largest contiguous “unburned” 

landscapes remaining in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The North Yuba watershed is also an 

important water source for residential and agricultural areas surrounding Sacramento. It feeds a 

reservoir retained by the tallest dam in California, which also provides power to the Sacramento 

area. 

The nine entities making up the North Yuba Forest Partnership have demonstrated commitment 

and success in transitioning the North Yuba watershed to a healthier and more resilient state, 

reducing wildfire risk to communities and enabling the watershed to withstand other disturbances 

associated with a changing climate. Through ecologically based thinning and prescribed fire, the 

partnership seeks to protect North Yuba communities from the threat of catastrophic wildfire and 

restore the watershed to a healthier, more resilient state. 

The North Yuba Landscape project is the proving ground for innovations, including communitybased biomass utilization development, large-scale planning, and conservation finance through the 

first two Forest Resilience Bonds that leverage substantial private sector investments to help fund 

implementation of this work. 

The Forest Service is committed to working with the North Yuba Forest Partnership to protect 

communities and create economic opportunity in rural parts of California that have lost industries 

and population in recent decades, including areas designated by the State as low income and 

disadvantaged.

MECHANISMS FOR EXECUTION

The project will use Master Stewardship Agreements with the National Forest Foundation, Sierra 

County, and American Conservation Experience; Challenge Cost Share agreement with The Nature 

Conservancy and South Yuba River Citizens League; contracting via an Indefinite Duration Indefinite 

Quantity (IDIQ) instrument, Forest Resilience Bond to expedite project execution, and Integrated 

Resource Timber Contracts.

EXPECTED OUTPUTS

FY 2022: 4,500 acres

FY 2022 - 2024: 16,900 acres

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

In addition to reducing the fire risk to the communities of Camptonville, Goodyears Bar, Downieville, 

Sierra City, the Yuba Water Agency infrastructure, and others within the North Yuba watershed, 

the project will improve forest conditions across the landscape to enhance fire resilience and 

adaptability to a changing climate. 

The project aims to improve watershed resilience by protecting 260,000 acre-feet of water supply 

for 60,000 acres of productive farmland while also protecting water quality in the Sacramento 

Delta. 

Landscapes

NORTH YUBA LANDSCAPE

Pacific Southwest Region | Region 5

North Yuba
12 13

NATIONAL FOREST

Stanislaus National Forest 

STATE(S)

California

LANDSCAPE SIZE

245,000 acres

EXPECTED COMPLETION OF 

INITIAL TREATMENTS

Implementation of project activities 

is set to begin in spring 2022. 

Implementation of all desired treatments 

is expected to take approximately 7 to 10 

years overall.

EXPECTED BIL FUNDING

FY 2022: $21.8 million 

TOTAL FY 2022 - 2024: $55.2 million

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

CA-4

TRIBAL CONNECTION

Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk 

PARTNERS

Tuolumne County (Master Stewardship 

Agreement), Yosemite Stanislaus 

Solutions (Collaborative), Great Basin 

Institute, Institute for Bird Populations 

LANDSCAPE HIGHLIGHTS

The Stanislaus Landscape Project aims to apply a full suite of needed treatments to restore forest 

resilience at a landscape scale. These treatments include mastication, biomass removal, machine 

piling for burning, hand piling for burning, hand thinning, timber harvest, hazard tree removal, 

prescribed fire, and fuel break construction and maintenance. Combined, these efforts will reduce 

hazardous fuels and create a landscape that can better withstand disturbances such as wildfire, 

insects, disease, and drought conditions, while also protecting local communities, providing for 

critical species habitat, and supporting forest use and recreational opportunities.

After more than a decade of collaboration with the Yosemite Stanislaus Solutions collaborative, 

this landscape provides one of the richest environments for Shared Stewardship as demonstrated 

through joint support of project design, surveys, layout, and implementation of numerous 

projects.

Within the Stanislaus Landscape, the newly signed Social and Ecological Resilience Across the 

Landscape (SERAL) project uses emerging models to demonstrate how vegetation treatments will 

help wildland fire play its natural role within the fireshed, leading to greater ecosystem integrity 

and protection of collaboratively identified high-value resources and assets (communities, 

California Spotted Owl and other habitat, water systems, powerlines, roads, communication sites, 

and more).

This project leverages substantial grants from CAL FIRE, Sierra Nevada Conservancy, and California 

Department of Fish and Wildlife, as well as a partnership with the American Forest Foundation 

to expand planned treatments onto private lands. The forest is working with Tuolumne Band of 

Me-Wuk to develop a Tribal Forest Protection Act (TFPA) component that will capitalize on existing 

agreements with the Tribe to support implementation. 

MECHANISMS FOR EXECUTION

The Stanislaus National Forest has three supplemental project agreement modifications and one 

contract to execute this work in FY 2022.

EXPECTED OUTPUTS

FY 2022: 8,500 acres

FY 2022 - 2024: 32,500 acres

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Outcomes include reduced fire risk to several foothill communities (Sonora, Columbia, Cedar Ridge, 

Twain Harte, Strawberry, Pinecrest, Long Barn); protection of power infrastructure (hydropower 

facilities and transmission and distribution lines); reduced risk to multiple communication sites 

and facilities both on private and public lands; and road improvements (to provide access for 

various treatments, as well as improved public recreation and access for emergency response).

The South and Middle Forks of the Stanislaus River are the primary water sources for Tuolumne 

County and provide potable water for other municipalities throughout the Central Valley, as well. 

Additional outcomes include less risk to community infrastructure (beyond homes), including the 

watershed, water reservoirs (Pinecrest Lake, Lyons Lake) and the historic wooden flume that 

provides 90 percent of the water to the local area. These watersheds provides substantial water 

for agricultural uses and habitat for several species of conservation concern.

Landscapes

STANISLAUS

Pacific Southwest Region | Region 5

Stanislaus
14 15

COLORADO FRONT RANGE

Rocky Mountain Region | Region 2

NATIONAL FOREST

Arapaho and Roosevelt National Forests,

Pike and San Isabel National Forests

STATES

Colorado

LANDSCAPE SIZE

3,500,000 acres

EXPECTED COMPLETION OF INITIAL 

TREATMENTS

2027-2029

EXPECTED BIL FUNDING

FY 2022: $18.1 million

TOTAL FY 2022 - 2024: $170.4 million

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

CO-2, CO-3, CO-4, CO-5, CO-6, and

CO-7 (after November)

TRIBAL CONNECTION

Apache Tribe of Oklahoma; Cheyenne & Arapaho 

Tribes of Oklahoma; Cheyenne River Sioux; 

Comanche Nation; Jicarilla Apache Nation; Kiowa 

Tribe of Oklahoma; Navajo Nation; Northern Arapaho 

Tribe; Northern Cheyenne Tribe; Oglala Sioux Tribe; 

Osage Nation; Pawnee Nation; Rosebud Sioux Tribe; 

Southern Ute Indian Tribe; Standing Rock Sioux; Taos 

Pueblo; Three Affiliated Tribes; Southern Ute Indian 

Tribe; Ute Mountain Ute Tribe.

PARTNERS

Aurora Water; Cities of Boulder, Colorado Springs, 

Denver, and Ft Collins; Coalition for the Upper South 

Platte; CO Dept. of Fire Prevention & Control; CO 

Forest Restoration Inst.; CO Springs Utilities; CO 

State Forest Service; Denver Water; local counties/

conservation districts; National Forest Foundation; 

National Wild Turkey Federation; USDA Natural 

Resources Conservation Service; CO Parks & Wildlife, 

National Arbor Day Foundation, Rocky Mountain 

Restoration Initiative, Rocky Mountain National 

Park, Rocky Mountain Research Station; The Ember 

Alliance, The Nature Conservancy, Upper South Platte 

Partnership, and more.

LANDSCAPE HIGHLIGHTS

The Colorado Front Range project focuses on cross-jurisdictional, strategically 

important fuels treatments. The project will maximize collaboration with communities 

and partners to prevent devastating wildfires throughout the high-risk Front Range.

Due to years of fire suppression, Colorado’s Front Range forests are unhealthy and 

lend themselves to intense wildfires. Reintroducing fire back into this fire-adapted 

ecosystem is vital to its long-term health and success of future fire management.

This strategy progresses communities through stages of readiness to increase their 

collaboration and support to build more resilient forests through implementation and 

beyond. 

MECHANISMS FOR EXECUTION

The forests will use an integrated approach across the landscape, starting with 

mechanical thinning and followed by prescribed fire. To execute this work in FY 2022 

the Arapaho and Roosevelt National Forests expects to use four contracts, three 

timber sales, multiple prescribed fire projects, one Good Neighbor Agreement, and 

three new agreements. The Pike and San Isabel National Forests expect to use five 

contracts, one Good Neighbor Agreement, and two agreement modifications.

EXPECTED OUTPUTS

FY 2022: 10,000 acres

FY 2022 - 2024: 36,100 acres

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Outcomes include landscape-level strategic fuels treatments, reducing fire risk 

and effects for people and businesses that are not achieved through output-based 

treatments. Through collaboration and strengthened relationships with communities/

partners, target treatments for implementation/maintenance will reduce 

externalities, such as insurance and recovery/rebuilding costs, carbon released into 

the air, and watershed/health impacts. 

These forests are key sources of water for the Colorado Front Range, making it 

critical to reduce the likelihood, intensity, and size of fires and lesson sedimentation 

and increase water retention. These actions reduce costs to water providers, key 

members of the strategy along with watershed coalitions. 

Landscapes Colorado Front Range
16 17

NATIONAL FOREST

Boise and Payette National Forests

STATE(S)

Idaho

LANDSCAPE SIZE

1,720,000 acres

EXPECTED COMPLETION OF

INITIAL TREATMENTS

2027 - 2029

EXPECTED BIL FUNDING

FY 2022: $17.4 million

TOTAL FY 2022 - 2024: $59.5 million

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

ID-1, ID-2

TRIBAL CONNECTION

Nez Perce, Shoshone-Paiute,

Shoshone-Bannock

PARTNERS

Idaho Department of Lands; The Nature 

Conservancy; National Forest Foundation; 

Bureau of Land Management; Southern 

Idaho Timber Protective Association; Valley, 

Adams, Gem, Boise, and Ada Counties; Idaho 

Forest Restoration Partnership; Boise Forest 

Coalition; and Payette Forest Coalition

LANDSCAPE HIGHLIGHTS

The goal of Southwest Idaho Fuels Reduction Project is to treat approximately 250,000 acres 

of hazardous fuels on National Forest System lands over 5 to 7 years. Collaborative efforts 

to treat the national forests and adjacent Federal, State, and private land through a shared 

stewardship approach will decrease the risk of catastrophic wildfire to communities, improve 

watershed health, sustain industry, protect recreation, and improve forest resilience.

The investments made in this landscape will significantly reduce the risk of catastrophic 

wildfire while increasing the resiliency of the landscape to climate change and other 

stressors.

The project will amplify and accelerate forest restoration and wildfire risk reduction work 

already occurring through use of Good Neighbor Authority and Shared Stewardship.

Well-established and effective partnerships with Tribes, the USDA Natural Resources 

Conservation Service, the State of Idaho, the Boise and Payette Forest Coalitions, and other 

groups will help the Forest Service and partners achieve desired outcomes in this landscape.

MECHANISMS FOR EXECUTION

 Since 2016, the Boise and Payette National Forests and State of Idaho have been using Good 

Neighbor Authority to increase the pace and scale of forest and watershed restoration 

activities on National Forest System lands. In December 2018, the State of Idaho and USDA 

signed the Nation’s first Shared Stewardship Agreement, memorializing a commitment 

to expand critical treatments beyond national forests onto all ownership boundaries. The 

forests also have contracts in place for noncommercial thinning work and cooperative 

agreements with other agencies to aid in prescribed fire implementation.

EXPECTED OUTPUTS

FY 2022: 18,000 acres

FY 2022 - 2024: 55,000 acres 

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

The risk of catastrophic wildfire to the cities of Boise, Horseshoe Bend, Idaho City, Garden 

Valley, McCall, Cascade, Donnelly, New Meadows, Council, and Cambridge will be reduced by 

incorporating an all-lands approach to forest management and achieving long-term results 

based on science and socioeconomics. 

Implementation of this project will improve watershed conditions and terrestrial and aquatic 

ecosystem health in major watersheds, including the Boise, Payette and Weiser subbasins. 

These river basins include habitat for important species, including threatened steelhead, 

Chinook salmon, and bull trout populations.

Landscapes

SOUTHWEST IDAHO

Intermountain Region | Region 4

Southwest Idaho
18 19

KOOTENAI COMPLEX 

Northern Region | Region 1

NATIONAL FOREST

Kootenai National Forest 

STATES

Montana, Idaho

LANDSCAPE SIZE

800,000 acres

EXPECTED COMPLETION OF

INITIAL TREATMENTS

2029-2032

EXPECTED BIL FUNDING

FY 2022: $3.6 million 

TOTAL FY 2022 - 2024: $19.3 million

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

Montana At-Large and a small portion of ID-1

TRIBAL CONNECTION

Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and 

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho

PARTNERS

Primary partners are Lincoln County, Montana 

Department of Natural Resources and 

Conservation (MT DNRC), and USDA Natural 

Resources and Conservation Service (NRCS). 

Other partners supportive of the Kootenai 

National Forest include the Confederated Salish 

and Kootenai Tribes; the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho; 

Kootenai Forest Stakeholders Coalition; Cities 

of Eureka, Libby, and Troy; Rocky Mountain 

Elk Foundation; American Forest Foundation; 

Bonneville Power Administration; Mule Deer 

Foundation; National Wild Turkey Federation; 

and Wild Sheep Foundation

LANDSCAPE HIGHLIGHTS

The Kootenai Complex Project aims to treat hazardous fuels across 150,000 acres 

within high-risk firesheds surrounding the communities of Libby, Troy, Eureka, Stryker, 

Fortine, and Trego, MT. Recent cutting edge wildfire science confirms that Lincoln 

County, MT, communities are at a particularly high risk of being impacted by severe 

wildfire events. This project is part of an ongoing cross-boundary effort to connect 

past, present, and future activities and is designed to reduce and mitigate wildfire 

threats to communities. In addition, this project complements an ongoing countywide 

effort to increase infrastructure capacity for wood product utilization, which will 

further contribute to employment opportunities in this underserved community. 

Additional project benefits include improving wildlife habitat, forest health and 

resiliency, and water quality, as well as providing employment to the local economy

BIL funding will accelerate the needed forest health and wildfire risk mitigation 

activities necessary to reduce community exposure across ownership boundaries, 

expanding on the great work occurring under the Lincoln County Shared Stewardship 

Initiative.

MECHANISMS FOR EXECUTION

The Kootenai National Forest has a memorandum of understanding with Lincoln 

County, MT DNRC, and NRCS to accomplish fuels treatments across all lands within 

Lincoln County. Additionally, the Kootenai National Forest has a Good Neighbor 

Authority agreement with MT DNRC to increase pace and scale across the forest. This 

project includes resources to increase the capacity of the Kootenai National Forest 

and the Good Neighbor Authority program to accelerate treatments across the project 

area.

Lincoln County, NRCS, American Forest Foundation, and MT DNRC are working 

collaboratively with outreach, coordination, and implementation on private lands 

across Lincoln County. Additionally, the Lincoln County Community Wildfire Protection 

Plan identifies priority areas for treatment across Lincoln County and provides 

recommendations for treatment on private lands.

EXPECTED OUTPUTS

FY 2022: 900 acres

FY 2022 - 2024: 7,200 acres

Landscapes Kootenai Complex

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

The desired outcomes of this project will increase the pace and scale of vegetation treatments across the landscape, 

bolstering the local economy through the increased use of the Good Neighbor Authority and other contracts and 

agreements. In addition, the project will reduce fuels around communities and other values at risk, increase capacity of the 

infrastructure needed to accomplish large-scale vegetative restoration, minimize large wildfire on the landscape, improve 

forest health, and improve/create wildlife habitat.

Watershed health is maintained or improved through the same type of management actions. Additionally, this project helps 

protect critical infrastructure, such as a newly constructed $11.5 million-dollar replacement dam and reservoir, within the 

municipal watershed that supplies domestic water to 1,800 households.
20 21

NATIONAL FOREST

Carson National Forest 

STATES

New Mexico

LANDSCAPE SIZE

1,500,000 acres

EXPECTED COMPLETION OF

INITIAL TREATMENTS

2032

EXPECTED BIL FUNDING

FY 2022: $6.6 million

TOTAL FY 2022 - 2024: $11.3 million

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

NM-3

TRIBAL CONNECTION

Taos Pueblo, Picuris Pueblo, Sandia Pueblo 

PARTNERS

Rio Grande Water Fund, Taos Valley Watershed 

Coalition, Toas Pueblo Department of Natural 

Resources, Picuris Pueblo, Cerro Negro 

Forest Council, Trampas Forest Council, 

New Mexico Forest Industry Association, 

New Mexico State Lands Office, New Mexico 

State Forestry, Cimarron Watershed Alliance, 

Philmont Scout Ranch

LANDSCAPE HIGHLIGHTS

The Enchanted Circle will use collaboratively developed prescribed fire and mechanical fuels 

treatments, as well as timber sales and wetland and stream restoration treatments, across 

Tribal, private, Federal, and New Mexico State Forest and Land Trusts.

Fuels treatment and fuelwood removal work is being completed on private lands within the 

landscape, similar to work done on Federal lands and with many of the same contractors. 

Thinning and fuelwood harvesting will continue near the Town of Taos, on the Philmont Scout 

Ranch, on Land Grant lands managed by the Rio Costilla Cooperative Livestock Association, 

as well as the Village of Taos Ski Valley, and many of the unincorporated communities across 

the landscape.

There are long-term collaboratives in place that include Tribes and local acequia water 

managers, land grant managers, nonprofit environmental groups, and local government 

officials.

Projects have been developed and prioritized collaboratively, and they align with community 

wildfire protection plans.

Treatments will provide desired forest products to industry and the public, while creating 

resilient, fire-adapted landscapes. 

MECHANISMS FOR EXECUTION

The project will use in-house Forest Service personnel; existing and new local, statewide, 

regional, and national agreements (funded and nonfunded); existing and new contracts; as 

well as partnership and cooperator capacity to contract and implement roads, fuels, and 

vegetation treatments.

EXPECTED OUTPUTS

FY 2022: 9,000 acres

FY 2022 - 2024: 32,500 acres

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Outcomes include reduced fire risk to communities and increased watershed resilience, 

provision of traditional forest products with a focus on fuelwood to the public, and forest 

resistance to insects and disease. 

Providing headwaters leading into the Canadian and Rio Grande watersheds, this project 

area already benefits from the efforts of the Comanche Creek Working Group Collaborative 

focused on watershed improvement and wetland restoration. There are efforts currently 

under way by the recipients of Natural Resource Damage Assessment funds on the Cabresto 

Creek, as well as wetland restoration by Chevron, Inc. 

Landscapes

ENCHANTED CIRCLE 

Southwestern Region | Region 3

 Enchanted Circle 
22 23

NATIONAL FOREST

Deschutes National Forest and the

Crooked River National Grassland

STATE(S)

Oregon

LANDSCAPE SIZE

2,600,000 acres

EXPECTED COMPLETION OF

INITIAL TREATMENTS

2032

EXPECTED BIL FUNDING

FY 2022: $4.5 million

TOTAL FY 2022 - 2024: $41.3 million

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

OR-2

TRIBAL CONNECTION

Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs

PARTNERS

Oregon Department of Forestry, Deschutes 

Collaborative Forest Project, Central 

Oregon Forest Stewardship Foundation, 

Deschutes Trails Coalition, Natural 

Resources Conservation Service, Discover 

Your Forest, Upper Deschutes Watershed 

Council, Central Oregon Shared Stewardship 

Alliance, Deschutes County, The Nature 

Conservancy, Deschutes Land Trust; Walker 

Range Fire Patrol, Oregon Living with Fire, 

local municipalities

LANDSCAPE HIGHLIGHTS

The Central Oregon Landscape covers State, private, and Federal lands on the eastside of 

the Cascades. This area is rich in collaboration and has been a leader in implementing the 

Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration program, Joint Chief’s Projects, and National 

Cohesive Strategy. Additional investments will continue to reduce the risk of fire transfer 

to numerous, growing communities and critical infrastructure and build upon work already 

accomplished. 

Central Oregon is experiencing the most extensive community growth in the State with some 

communities increasing almost 30 percent in the past 10 years. Hundreds of thousands of acres 

of Federal land are immediately adjacent to communities and subdivisions, which puts those 

communities and subdivisions at risk of fire. 

Central Oregon’s economy is driven by recreation and tourism. The Deschutes National Forest is 

the primary destination, setting, and background for this economy. In 2021, in trail trips alone, 

$136 million were spent in Deschutes County. Mitigating wildland fire risks is critical to ensuring 

a sustainable local economy. 

Central Oregon has a long history of collaborative engagement to address wildland fires and 

active management to minimize impacts to communities. Further investment will allow these 

community-based partners to build upon work already accomplished. 

MECHANISMS FOR EXECUTION

The Deschutes National Forest has five agreement modifications (including Good Neighbor 

Authority Agreements with Oregon Department of Forestry, partnership agreements with 

county and nongovernmental organizations, and an interagency agreement with the Bureau of 

Land Management) and 3 to 5 contracts to execute this work in FY 2022. Utilization of existing 

mechanisms under Joint Chiefs’ Landscape Restoration Partnership Program, Cooperative 

Forest Landscape Restoration Fund, Oregon Senate Bill 762, and agreement authorities paired 

with scheduled planning efforts are anticipated to increase the pace and scale of treatments 

over the duration of the project.

EXPECTED OUTPUTS

FY 2022: 5,000 acres

FY 2022 - 2024: 50,000 acres

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Implementation of landscape scale cross-boundary projects through cohesive partnerships 

will conserve and restore forested landscapes while reducing wildfire risk and impact to life, 

property, and economic assets in and adjacent to the communities of Bend (R6 Tier 1 Wildfire 

Risk), Sisters (#1 at risk Oregon Fireshed), Sunriver (#6 at risk Oregon Fireshed), LaPine, and 

Crescent.

Emphasizing forest health and reintroduction of fire on a larger scale complements restoration 

efforts to improve aquatic and terrestrial habitats for sensitive and listed species like Oregon 

spotted frog and Chinook salmon. The Deschutes National Forest is a leading member of a 

strong partner network that is strategically increasing holistic watershed function across public 

and private ownerships, supporting a reliable rural and urban water supply to the Bend Municipal 

Landscapes

CENTRAL OREGON

Pacific Northwest Region | Region 6

Central Oregon

Watershed amidst an exceptional drought.
24 25

NATIONAL FOREST

Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest 

STATE(S)

Washington

LANDSCAPE SIZE

2,450,000 acres

EXPECTED COMPLETION OF

INITIAL TREATMENTS

2032

EXPECTED BIL FUNDING

FY 2022: $24.6 million 

TOTAL FY 2022 - 2024: $102.6 million

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

WA-4, WA-8

TRIBAL CONNECTION

Confederated Tribes of the Yakama Nation and 

Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation 

PARTNERS

Washington Department of Natural Resources 

(DNR), Washington Department of Fish and 

Wildlife, North Central Washington Forest Health 

Collaborative, Tapash Collaborative, Blue Forest 

Conservation, counties (Okanogan, Yakima, 

Kittitas and Chelan), The Nature Conservancy, 

The Wilderness Society, American Forest 

Resource Council, and more.

LANDSCAPE HIGHLIGHTS

The Central Washington Initiative (CWI) landscape spans national forests and State and 

private lands across four counties, including six high-risk firesheds (Twisp, Chiwaukum, 

Wenatchee, Leavenworth, Cle Elum, and American River) across 2.45 million acres (1.35 

million acres of Forest Service lands, 1.1 million acres non-Forest Service lands). Restoration 

work across this landscape capitalizes on strong, existing partnerships to reduce the risk of 

wildfire through targeted investments over the next 10 years. 

The CWI addresses a range of urgent challenges, among them the expanding risk to 

communities, natural resources, and local economies, as well as to our citizens and 

firefighters; the loss of critical fish and wildlife habitat; and degradation caused to 

watershed health.

Of the top 10 highest risk to wildfire exposure communities in Washington, 6 are included in 

the CWI landscape. Threats from wildfires, evacuations, and smoke impacts have become 

part of life for these communities and that comes at a high cost to community and forest 

health, as well as to local economies. More than 3.5 million people visit the CWI landscape 

each year. The impacted communities depend on healthy, resilient forests for tourism and 

community amenities. Targeted investments in this landscape will result in benefits to 

community health and economics of these fire-prone, fire-adapted landscapes. 

The CWI takes a proactive “all hands, all lands” approach to fuels and forest health 

treatments in a complex landscape. Targeted investments in this landscape leverage 

established partnerships with State agencies, Tribes, and collaboratives to allow work to be 

quickly and effectively executed through shared stewardship while maximizing the use of 

existing authorities. 

MECHANISMS FOR EXECUTION

The forest and DNR are developing an agreement to formalize the shared commitment 

to completing CWI work and accomplishing wildfire risk reduction work on 35,000 acres 

per year of National Forest System and other lands within the CWI landscape. Additionally, 

the forest is developing a Tribal Forest Protection Act project and a Public Law 93-638 

agreement with Yakama Nation; has two forest-wide Good Neighbor Authority Agreements 

with WA DNR; has agreements with Bureau of Land Management; has partnership 

agreements for collaboration, monitoring, and technical assistance; and is using existing 

regional contracts to plan categorical exclusion fuel breaks on two ranger districts. In 

addition, the forest has active fuels reduction integrated resource timber contracts; 

stewardship agreements for timber, fuels, and aquatics projects; and a heritage survey 

contract, as well as pursuing a Forest Resiliency Bond with Chelan County and Blue Forest 

Conservation. 

EXPECTED OUTPUTS

FY 2022: 24,000 acres

FY 2022 - 2024: 124,000 acres

Landscapes

CENTRAL WASHINGTON INITIATIVE

Pacific Northwest Region | Region 6

Central Washington

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Wildfire exposure and smoke impacts will be reduced in Wenatchee, Leavenworth, Yakima, Chelan, Naches, Cle Elum, 

Winthrop, and other smaller communities adjacent to the forest. 

The CWI’s landscape includes six priority watersheds under the Watershed Condition Framework and hundreds of miles of 

habitat for threatened and endangered anadromous and resident fish species. In addition to fuels reduction, the CWI will 

include targeted aquatic restoration to complement wildfire risk reduction work, enhancing overall forest and watershed 

health through improved resiliency and maintained water supplies for municipal sources on National Forest System lands 

serving the communities of Yakima, Cashmere, and Chelan Falls. 
26 27

Overlap With Critical Watersheds

Stand-replacing events can have significant 

postfire impacts to source water supplies 

over time. Healthy vegetation in forested 

headwaters is critical to potable water 

quality and quantity, as denuded 

landscapes can expedite sedimentation 

and ash deposits into reservoirs as well as 

decrease filtration capacity essential for 

recharge. The agency has characterized 

potential wildfire exposure to public 

source watersheds using national 

Environmental Protection Agency source 

water protection area data to identify 

where public water systems may be most 

vulnerable.

Social Justice Connections 

Simply because a county does not pass the 

commonly accepted numerical threshold 

for vulnerability does not mean there are 

not vulnerabilities or equity considerations 

within those counties. Inhalation of 

smoke, even from prescribed fires, can also 

have health implications, especially for 

vulnerable communities.   

Several factors, including poverty, lack 

of access to transportation, and crowded 

housing may weaken a community’s 

ability to prevent human suffering and 

financial loss in a disaster. These factors are 

known as social vulnerability and are what 

the Center for Disease Control’s Social 

Vulnerability Index (SVI) measures.  

The Forest Service examined the 

vulnerability of populations at the countylevel within each of the initial landscapes 

proposed for FY 2022 BIL funding under 

the Wildfire Crisis Strategy and, then, 

conducted a preliminary and rapid analysis 

of social vulnerability based on the SVI for 

the 10 Initial Investment Landscapes. The 

exercise is an initial effort to demonstrate 

how demographic information might be 

used to promote equity considerations 

in future decision processes and 

management activities and will be used 

to inform opportunities as a part of the 

implementation of FY 2022 investments.

Carbon Sequestration

Forest carbon implications of 

contemporary fuels management 

CONSIDERATIONS 

treatments are complex and the subject 

of ongoing research. What the science 

points to is that carbon stocks of both 

live and dead biomass on the landscape 

are out of balance, undermining longterm ecosystem health and carbon stocks. 

Across the West, interactions between 

drought and temperature increases, insect 

and disease-killed trees, and fuels buildup 

from a century of fire exclusion are driving 

patterns of heightened wildfire incidence 

and severity1. Investments in large-scale 

interventions to remove the excess fuels 

implies a near-term carbon loss in favor 

of fostering a more resilient landscape 

in the long term. This near-term loss 

can be mitigated by transforming fuels 

into harvested wood products, including 

1 Koch, Frank H.; Ellenwood, James R. 2020. Sustainable Forest Indicator 3.16. https://www.fs.fed.us/research/sustain/criteria-indicators/

innovative uses such as biochar that 

store carbon over long periods. A lack of 

intervention will likely serve to maintain 

carbon stocks in the near term but give 

way to greater net emissions and loss of 

ecosystem services in the long term, given 

the persistent patterns of wildfire, drought, 

and climate change. 

Partner Connections to 

Landscapes

Each landscape is dependent on a placebased network of partners who have come 

together united in a common goal to work 

together on the landscape. Achieving the 

desired pace and scale of treatments on 

these landscapes will require the support 

of State and local governments, Tribes, 

nongovernment organizations, and 

private contractors. Many of these initial 

landscapes already have momentum in 

leveraging resources across boundaries. As 

landscapes are announced, work will begin 

in earnest to develop long-term, leveraged 

funding plans for them. 

As the agency begins to design and 

implement projects in initial landscape 

investments and identifies additional 

high-risk firesheds, it will complete further 

analyses to examine impacts and benefits 

to underserved and/or socially vulnerable 

communities. 

Firefighters meet with scientists during a prescribed fire at Fishlake 

National Forest, UT. USDA Forest Service photo by John Smith.
28 29

Building Out Selected Landscape Action Plans,

Including Long-Term Funding Needs

Investments in these landscapes in FY 2022 represent the initial long-term, 

sustained funding needed to achieve desired outcomes co-developed by partners. 

The Wildfire Crisis Strategy committed to coordinating with State and local 

agencies, communities, collaborative groups, nongovernmental organizations, 

private landowners, Tribes, and other partners and stakeholders to build the 

necessary workforce capacity and coalition support for complementary, crossboundary treatments across landownerships. In addition to building Forest Service 

workforce capacity to accomplish fuels and forest health treatments at the necessary 

pace and scale, the agency will also assist in building and sustaining an inclusive 

workforce for partner organizations. Similar to sharing resources for wildland fire 

suppression, organizations will need to share resources for fuels and forest health 

treatments, post-fire recovery, and reforestation. While accomplishing this work 

with and through partners, the agency will also continue to incorporate emerging 

data and technology and use scientific tools, like potential operational delineations 

and fire behavior models. 

The Forest Service is developing a Landscape Action Plan template that will provide 

a consistent framework across all landscapes to describe outcomes, strategies, and 

funding needs. Each selected landscape will be required to develop an action plan. 

Understanding Necessary Investments in Enabling Conditions To 

Bring Additional Landscapes into Readiness for Implementation in 

Outyears. 

Many high-risk firesheds remain to be treated beyond those captured in this initial 

round of initial landscapes funded for implementation in FY 2022. Alongside 

partners, the agency will be working to identify the enabling condition investments 

necessary to begin work on these additional landscapes in the coming years. 

Examples of investments in key enabling conditions, in addition to workforce 

capacity, includes planning and consultation, collaborative capacity and community 

engagement, transportation and utilization of woody material from treatments, and 

additional training needs. 

Under cross-deputy leadership, the Forest Service will develop an agency-wide 

Equity Toolkit targeted to the full spectrum of agency employees and their work. 

The toolkit will have three main components: (1) social data and mapping options 

for use during project analysis and decision making; (2) reference documents, 

including a glossary of terms with associated uses and application; and (3) training 

and learning opportunities for agency employees.

ADDITIONAL 

ACTIONS

Firefighters observe a wildfire 

approaching community property.

BLM photo courtesy of Jim Bartlett.
30 31

In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations 

and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering 

USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender 

identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, 

income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil 

rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). 

Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident.

Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., 

Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s 

TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at 

(800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English.

To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, 

AD-3027, found online at How to File a Program Discrimination Complaint and at any USDA office or write 

a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a 

copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, 

SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: program.intake@usda.gov.

USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender.
32

WILDFIRE CRISIS

Landscape Investments