First Amendment and Restated Stockholders Agreement



 Exhibit 10.1 

 FIRST AMENDED AND RESTATED STOCKHOLDERS AGREEMENT 
 among 
 Houghton Mifflin Holding Company, Inc. 
 Houghton Mifflin, LLC 
 Houghton Mifflin Finance, Inc. 
 Houghton Mifflin Holdings, Inc. 
 Houghton
Mifflin Company 
 HM Publishing Corp. 
 and 
 Certain Stockholders of Houghton Mifflin Holdings, Inc. 
 Dated as of May 9, 2006 
  








 TABLE OF CONTENTS 
  

									
	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	Page
	 1.
	  	EFFECTIVENESS; DEFINITIONS.	  	2
		  	1.1.	  	Effectiveness	  	2
		  	1.2.	  	Definitions	  	2
			
	 2.
	  	VOTING AGREEMENT.	  	2
		  	2.1.	  	Election of Directors	  	2
		  	2.2.	  	Removal and Replacement	  	3
		  	2.3.	  	Election of HMC and Publishing Directors	  	4
		  	2.4.	  	Significant Transactions	  	4
		  	2.5.	  	Consent to Amendment	  	4
		  	2.6.	  	Grant of Proxy	  	4
		  	2.7.	  	The Company	  	4
		  	2.8.	  	Period	  		  	4
			
	 3.
	  	TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS	  	5
		  	3.1.	  	Permitted Transferees.	  	5
		  	3.2.	  	Tag Alongs, Drag Alongs, Etc	  	6
		  	3.3.	  	Public	  	6
		  	3.4.	  	Impermissible Transfer	  	6
		  	3.5.	  	Period	  	6
			
	 4.
	  	INVESTOR TRANSFER RIGHTS; “TAG ALONG” AND “DRAG ALONG” RIGHTS.	  	6
		  	4.1.	  	Tag Along	  	6
		  		  	4.1.1.	  	Notice	  	6
		  		  	4.1.2.	  	Exercise	  	7
		  		  	4.1.3.	  	Irrevocable Offer	  	7
		  		  	4.1.4.	  	Reduction of Shares Sold	  	8
		  		  	4.1.5.	  	Additional Compliance	  	8
		  	4.2.	  	Drag Along	  	9
		  		  	4.2.1.	  	Exercise	  	9
		  	4.3.	  	Miscellaneous	  	10
		  		  	4.3.1.	  	Certain Legal Requirements	  	10
		  		  	4.3.2.	  	Further Assurances	  	10
		  		  	4.3.3.	  	Sale Process	  	11
		  		  	4.3.4.	  	Treatment of Options, Warrants and Convertible Securities	  	11
		  		  	4.3.5.	  	Expenses	  	11
		  		  	4.3.6.	  	Closing	  	11
		  		  	4.3.7.	  	Classification of Transferred Shares.	  	12
		  	4.4.	  	Right of First Offer	  	12
		  		  	4.4.1.	  	Notice	  	12
		  		  	4.4.2.	  	Exercise.	  	12









									
		  		  	4.4.3.	  	Irrevocable Offer	  	13
		  		  	4.4.4.	  	Additional Compliance	  	13
		  		  	4.4.5.	  	Determination of the Number of Subject Shares to be Sold	  	14
		  	4.5.	  	Period	  	14
			
	 5.
	  	RIGHT OF PARTICIPATION	  	14
		  	5.1.	  	Right of Participation.	  	15
		  		  	5.1.1.	  	Offer	  	15
		  		  	5.1.2.	  	Exercise.	  	15
		  		  	5.1.3.	  	Other Securities	  	16
		  		  	5.1.4.	  	Certain Legal Requirements	  	17
		  		  	5.1.5.	  	Further Assurances	  	17
		  		  	5.1.6.	  	Expenses	  	17
		  		  	5.1.7.	  	Closing	  	17
		  	5.2.	  	Post-Issuance Notice	  	18
		  	5.3.	  	Excluded Transactions	  	18
		  	5.4.	  	Certain Provisions Applicable to Options, Warrants and Convertible Securities	  	19
		  	5.5.	  	Acquired Shares	  	19
		  	5.6.	  	Period	  	19
			
	 6.
	  	REGISTRATION RIGHTS	  	19
		  	6.1.	  	Demand Registration Rights for Investor Shares.	  	19
		  		  	6.1.1.	  	General	  	19
		  		  	6.1.2.	  	Form	  	20
		  		  	6.1.3.	  	Payment of Expenses	  	20
		  		  	6.1.4.	  	Additional Procedures	  	20
		  		  	6.1.5.	  	Expiration	  	21
		  	6.2.	  	Piggyback Registration Rights.	  	21
		  		  	6.2.1.	  	Piggyback Registration.	  	21
		  		  	6.2.2.	  	Payment of Expenses	  	22
		  		  	6.2.3.	  	Additional Procedures	  	22
		  		  	6.2.4.	  	Expiration	  	22
		  	6.3.	  	Certain Other Provisions.	  	22
		  		  	6.3.1.	  	Underwriter’s Cutback	  	22
		  		  	6.3.2.	  	Other Actions	  	24
		  		  	6.3.3.	  	Selection of Underwriters and Counsel	  	24
		  		  	6.3.4.	  	Lock-Up	  	24
		  	6.4.	  	Indemnification and Contribution.	  	25
		  		  	6.4.1.	  	Indemnities of the Company	  	25
		  		  	6.4.2.	  	Indemnities to the Company	  	26
		  		  	6.4.3.	  	Contribution	  	26
		  		  	6.4.4.	  	Limitation on Liability of Holders of Registrable Securities	  	27
			
	 7.
	  	REMEDIES.	  	27
		  	7.1.	  	Generally	  	27
		  	7.2.	  	Deposit	  	27

  

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	 8.
	  	LEGENDS.	  	27
		  	8.1.	  	Restrictive Legend	  	27
		  	8.2.	  	1933 Act Legends	  	28
		  	8.3.	  	Stop Transfer Instruction	  	28
		  	8.4.	  	Termination of 1933 Act Legend	  	29
			
	 9.
	  	AMENDMENT, TERMINATION, ETC.	  	29
		  	9.1.	  	Oral Modifications	  	29
		  	9.2.	  	Written Modifications	  	29
		  	9.3.	  	Effect of Termination	  	29
			
	 10.
	  	DEFINITIONS	  	29
		  	10.1.	  	Certain Matters of Construction	  	29
		  	10.2.	  	Definitions	  	30
			
	 11.
	  	MISCELLANEOUS.	  	37
		  	11.1.	  	Authority; Effect	  	37
		  	11.2.	  	Notices	  	37
		  	11.3.	  	Binding Effect, Etc	  	38
		  	11.4.	  	Descriptive Headings	  	39
		  	11.5.	  	Counterparts	  	39
		  	11.6.	  	Severability	  	39
		  	11.7.	  	Consent to Certain Indebtedness	  	39
			
	 12.
	  	GOVERNING LAW.	  	39
		  	12.1.	  	Governing Law	  	39
		  	12.2.	  	Consent to Jurisdiction	  	39
		  	12.3.	  	WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL	  	40
		  	12.4.	  	Exercise of Rights and Remedies	  	40

  

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 FIRST AMENDED AND RESTATED STOCKHOLDERS AGREEMENT 
 This Stockholders Agreement (as amended the “Agreement”) was initially made as of December 30, 2002 and is amended and restated as
of May 9, 2006 and made effective as of the dates set forth in Section 1.1 hereof by and among: 
  

	 	(i)	Houghton Mifflin Holding Company, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”); 

  

	 	(ii)	Houghton Mifflin, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“HM LLC”); 

  

	 	(iii)	Houghton Mifflin Finance, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“HM Finance”); 

  

	 	(iv)	Houghton Mifflin Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, formerly known as Versailles U.S. Holding Inc., (the “Holdings”); 

  

	 	(v)	Houghton Mifflin Company, a Massachusetts corporation (“HMC”); 

  

	 	(vi)	HM Publishing Corp. (“Publishing”); 

  

	 	(vii)	each Person executing this Agreement and listed as an Investor on the signature pages hereto (collectively, the “Investors”); 

  

	 	(viii)	such other Persons, if any, who from time to time become party hereto by executing a counterpart signature page hereof and are designated by the Board as “Other Investors”
(collectively, the “Other Investors”); 

  

	 	(ix)	Gerald T. Hughes or his successor as trustee (the “Trustee”) under the trust formed by the Trust Agreement for the Company’s 2003 Deferred Compensation Plan dated as
of January 28, 2003, as amended (the “Trust”); and 

  

	 	(x)	such other Persons who from time to time become party hereto by executing a counterpart signature page hereof and are designated by the Board as “Managers” (the
“Managers” and together with the Trustee, the Investors and the Other Investors, the “Stockholders”). 








 Recitals 
 1. Prior to the Closing (defined below) (a) Financière Versailles S.a.r.l., a Luxembourg corporation (“Luxco”), acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Versailles Holding LLC (“Holdings
LLC”), a Delaware limited liability company, which, in turn, acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of the Versailles Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware Corporation (“Acquisition”). 
 2. Prior to the Closing, Holdings LLC was converted into a Delaware corporation pursuant to Section 18-216 of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act and changed
its name to Versailles U.S. Holding Inc. (the “Versailles Holdings”). 
 3. At or prior to the Closing, the Investors (other than Bain
Capital VII Coinvest Fund, LLC and BCIP TCV, LLC) acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Luxco. 
 4. At the consummation of the closing (the
“Closing”), under the Share Purchase Agreement dated November 4, 2002 among Vivendi Communications North America Inc. (“Seller”), Vivendi Universal S.A. (“Vivendi”) and Acquisition (the
“Acquisition Agreement”), Acquisition acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of HMC. 
 5. At the Closing Versailles Holdings, HMC
and the Stockholders (other than the Trustee) entered into this Stockholders Agreement dated as of December 30, 2002 (the “Original Stockholders Agreement”). 
 6. Immediately after the Closing, Acquisition merged with and into HMC, with HMC surviving the merger, pursuant to which Versailles Holdings became the holder of all of the outstanding capital stock of HMC, and after
the completion of such merger Versailles Holdings changed its name from Versailles U.S. Holding Inc. to Houghton Mifflin Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”). 
 7. On January 28, 2003, Luxco distributed all of the outstanding capital stock of the Company to the Investors (other than Bain Capital VII Coinvest Fund, LLC and BCIP TCV, LLC) and the Original Stockholders
Agreement became effective. 
 8. Immediately after the dissolution of Luxco, Bain Capital Integral Investors, LLC Transferred a portion of its shares of
outstanding capital stock of the Company to two of its members, Bain Capital VII Coinvest Fund, L.P. and BCIP TCV, LLC. 
 9. On January 28, 2003
Holdings established the Trust to hold certain shares of Holdings Common Stock for the benefit of certain Managers who are participants in Holdings 2003 Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”). 
 10. In September, 2003 Publishing was formed as a direct subsidiary of Holdings and Holdings contributed all of the shares of capital stock of HMC to Publishing.








 11. On May 1, 2006 the Company was formed as part of a reorganization transaction in which three companies were
added to the corporate structure of the Company’s group. 
 12. On May 9, 2006 the Investors and the Trust contributed their equity in Holdings to
the Company in exchange for equity in the Company (the “Exchange”). 
 13. After giving effect to the above transactions and certain other
transactions, the Company’s Common Stock and all Options and Convertible Securities are, as of May 9, 2006, held as set forth on Schedule 1 hereto. 
 14. The Company from time to time may issue additional shares of the Company’s Common Stock to the Trustee pursuant to the Plan and to the Managers pursuant to one or more equity incentive plans. 
 15. The parties believe that it is in the best interests of the Company and the Stockholders to amend and restate the Original Stockholders Agreement to set forth their
agreement on certain matters. 
 Agreement 
 Therefore, the parties hereto hereby amend and restate the Original Stockholders Agreement to read in its entirety as follows: 
 1. EFFECTIVENESS; DEFINITIONS. 
 1.1. Effectiveness. Upon the execution hereof by the Company, HM LLC, HM Finance, Holdings,
HMC, Publishing, the Majority Investors and the Trust, this Agreement shall become effective as of May 9, 2006, which is the date of the Exchange. This Agreement supersedes the Original Stockholders Agreement in its entirety. 
 1.2. Definitions. Certain terms are used in this Agreement as specifically defined herein. These definitions are set forth or referred to in
Section 10 hereof. 
 2. VOTING AGREEMENT. 
 2.1. Election of Directors. The provisions of this Section 2.1 shall apply from and after the time that the series of Class A Common Stock other than Class A-1 Common Stock of the Company automatically convert into
shares of Class A-1 Common Stock of the Company pursuant to the terms of the certificate of incorporation of the Company. Each holder of Shares hereby agrees to cast all votes to which such holder is entitled in respect of the Shares, whether
at any annual or special meeting, by written consent or otherwise, to fix the number of members of the board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) at eight or such higher number as may be specified from time to time by the
Majority Investors. The Board shall be divided into classes, and in the event that the number of members of the Board is eight, there shall be (i) three Bain Directors, (ii) three THL Directors, (iii) two Blackstone Directors, and
(iv) no Other Directors (in each case where the number of directors is determined without regard to any failure of any holder of Investors Shares to designate a member of the Board of Directors), which shall in each 
  

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 case be elected as set forth in this Section 2.1 below. In the event that the number of members of the Board is
greater than eight, at any time the number of Bain Directors, THL Directors, Blackstone Directors and Other Directors, respectively, shall each be such number as shall have been specified as of such time by the Majority Investors, in each case
elected as set forth in this Section 2.1 below; provided, however, that (A) the number of Bain Directors shall equal the number of THL Directors, (B) the number of Blackstone Directors shall not be less than twenty
percent of the aggregate number of the Bain Directors plus the THL Directors plus the Blackstone Directors, and (C) the number of Other Directors shall be any number specified by the Majority Investors (in each case where the number of
directors is determined without regard to any failure of any holder of Investor Shares to designate a member of the Board of Directors). Each holder of Shares hereby agrees to cast all votes to which such holder is entitled with respect to such
Shares, whether at any annual or special meeting by written consent or otherwise, so as to elect as the Company’s directors: (A) one director designated by Bain Capital VII Coinvest Fund, LLC, (B) such other directors designated by
the Majority Bain Investors as the remaining Bain Directors, (C) one director designated by Thomas H. Lee Equity Fund V, L.P., (D) one director designated by Thomas H. Lee Parallel Fund V, L.P., (E) one director designated by Thomas
H. Lee Equity (Cayman) Fund V, L.P., (F) such other directors designated by the Majority THL Investors as the remaining THL Directors, (G) one director designated by Blackstone Capital Partners III Merchant Banking Fund L.P., (H) such
other directors designated by the Blackstone Majority Investors as the remaining Blackstone Directors, and (I) the Other Directors designated by the Majority Investors. Each holder of Shares hereby agrees to cast all votes to which such holder
is entitled with respect to such Shares to implement a provision in the Company’s bylaws that provides that a quorum for any meeting of the Board shall require the presence of directors constituting at least a majority of the entire Board,
which majority shall include (i) at least one Bain Director and one THL Director, or (ii) at least one Bain Director and one Blackstone Director, or (iii) at least one THL Director and one Blackstone Director. In addition, each holder
of Shares hereby agrees to cast all votes to which such holder is entitled with respect to such Shares to implement a provision in the Company’s bylaws that provides that notice of a special meeting of the Board shall be given to the directors
of the Company at least twenty-four hours before the meeting by mail, telegram or facsimile and email at his usual or last known business address, facsimile number or email address. 
 2.2. Removal and Replacement. The provisions of this Section 2.2 shall apply from and after the time that the series of Class A Common
Stock other than Class A-1 Common Stock of the Company automatically convert into shares of Class A-1 Common Stock of the Company pursuant to the terms of the certificate of incorporation of the Company. Members of the Board designated by
the holders of particular Investor Shares may only be removed by the holders of such Investor Shares. Members of the Board designated by the Majority Investors may only be removed by the Majority Investors. If, prior to his or her election to the
Board, any designee of the holders of particular Investor Shares or the Majority Investors is unable or unwilling to serve as a director, then the holders of such Investor Shares or the Majority Investors, as applicable, shall be entitled to
nominate a replacement. If, following election to the Board, any designee of the holders of particular Investor Shares or the Majority Investors resigns, is removed, or is unable to serve for any reason prior to the expiration of his or her term as
a director, then such Investor, group of Investors or the Majority Investors, as applicable, shall designate a replacement. 
  

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 2.3. Election of HMC, Publishing and Holdings, HM LLC, HM Finance and Company Directors.

 2.3.1. The Company will cause its board of directors of to be elected in accordance with this Agreement and (i) the
Company will cause the board of managers of HM LLC to consist at all times of the same members as the Board of the Company at such time, (ii) HM LLC will cause the boards of directors of HM Finance and Holdings to consist at all times of the
same members as the Board of the Company at such time, (iii) Holdings will cause the board of directors of Publishing to consist at all times of the same members as the Board of the Company at such time and (iv) Publishing shall cause the
board of directors of HMC to consist at all times of the same members as the Board of the Company at such time. 
 2.4. Significant
Transactions. Each holder of Shares agrees to cast all votes to which such holder is entitled in respect of the Shares, whether at any annual or special meeting, by written consent or otherwise, in such manner as the Majority Investors may
instruct by written notice to approve any sale, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, reorganization or any other transaction or series of transactions involving the Company or its subsidiaries (or all or any portion of their respective assets)
in connection with, or in furtherance of, the exercise by the Majority Investors of their rights under Section 4.2. 
 2.5. Consent
to Amendment. Each holder of Shares agrees to cast all votes to which such holder is entitled in respect of the Shares, whether at any annual or special meeting, by written consent or otherwise, in such manner as the Majority Investors may
instruct by written notice to increase the number of authorized shares of Common Stock to the extent necessary to permit the Company to comply with the provisions of its certificate of incorporation or any agreement to which the Company is a party.

 2.6. Grant of Proxy. Each holder of Shares hereby grants to the Company an irrevocable proxy coupled with an interest to vote his
Shares in accordance with his agreements contained in this Section 2, which proxy shall be valid and remain in effect until the provisions of this Section 2 expire pursuant to Section 2.8. 
 2.7. The Company. The Company agrees not to give effect to any action by any holder of Shares or any other Person which is in contravention of
this Section 2. 
 2.8. Period. The foregoing provisions of this Section 2 shall expire on the earlier of (a) a Change
of Control and (b) the last date permitted by law (including the rules of the SEC and any exchange upon which equity securities of the Company might be listed). 
  

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 3. TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS. No holder of Shares shall Transfer any of such Shares to any other Person except as provided in
this Section 3. 
 3.1. Permitted Transferees. 
 (i) Immediate Family. Any holder of Management Shares who is a natural person may transfer any or all of such Management Shares to
one or more Members of the Immediate Family of such holder. 
 (ii) Upon Death. Upon the death of any holder of Shares
who is a natural Person, such Shares may be distributed by the will or other instrument taking effect at death of such holder or by applicable laws of descent and distribution to such holder’s estate, executors, administrators and personal
representatives, and then to such holder’s heirs, legatees or distributees, whether or not such recipients are Members of the Immediate Family of such holder, or to a Charitable Organization. 
 (iii) Investors and Company. Any holder of Shares may Transfer any or all of such Shares, with the consent of the Majority
Investors, to (a) any Investor or any Affiliated Fund of an Investor, or (b) the Company or any subsidiary of the Company. 
 (iv) Additional Permitted Transfers by the Investors. Any holder of Investor Shares or Other Investor Shares may Transfer any or all of such Shares (a) to its Affiliated Funds, (b) to its partners or members in a pro rata
Transfer or (c) to a Charitable Organization. 
 (v) Transfers from Trust to Plan Participants. The Trustee may
Transfer Shares to a Manager in accordance with the terms of the Plan. 
 No Transfer permitted under the terms of this Section 3.1 (other than
3.1.3(b)) shall be effective unless the transferee of such Shares (each, a “Permitted Transferee”) has delivered to the Company a written acknowledgment and agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Company that
such Shares to be received by such Permitted Transferee shall remain Investor Shares, Other Investor Shares, or Management Shares, as the case may be, and shall be subject to all of the provisions of this Agreement and that such Permitted Transferee
shall be bound by, and shall be a party to, this Agreement as the holder of Investor Shares, Other Investor Shares, or Management Shares, as the case may be, hereunder; provided, however, that Shares Transferred pursuant to
Section 3.1(iii)(a) shall thereafter become Investor Shares hereunder of like kind with the other Shares held by such Transferee and its Affiliated Funds; provided further that Shares transferred pursuant to 3.1(v) shall
thereafter become Management Shares and shall be subject to all of the provisions of this Agreement and such Permitted Transferee shall be bound by, and shall be party to this Agreement as the holder of Management Shares hereunder; and
provided further that no Transfer by any holder of Shares to a Permitted Transferee shall relieve such holder of any of its obligations hereunder. 
  


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 3.2. Tag Alongs, Drag Alongs, Etc. In addition to Transfers permitted under Section 3.1,

 (a) any holder of Investor Shares may Transfer such Shares if (i) such holder (A) has complied with the “tag
along” provisions contained in Section 4.1 with respect to such Shares but only if such Transfer occurs after December 31, 2009 or with the prior written consent of the Majority Investors, and (B) has complied with the right of
first refusal provisions of Section 4.4, with respect to such Shares or (ii) the Majority Investors have elected to exercise their “drag along” rights set forth in Section 4.2 with respect to such Shares; and 
 (b) any holder of Shares may Transfer any or all of such Shares in accordance with the provisions, terms and conditions of
Section 4.1, 4.2 and 4.4. 
 Any Shares Transferred in compliance with the terms of Section 4.1 or 4.2 and not purchased by a First Offer Purchaser
pursuant to Section 4.4 shall conclusively be deemed thereafter not to be Shares or Registrable Securities under this Agreement and not to be subject to any of the provisions hereof or entitled to the benefit of any of the provisions hereof.

 3.3. Public. Subject to the provisions of Section 6.3.4, any holder of Shares may Transfer such Shares in a Public Offering
or, after the closing of the Initial Public Offering, pursuant to Rule 144, which Shares shall conclusively be deemed thereafter not to be Shares or Registrable Securities under this Agreement and not to be subject to any of the provisions
hereof or entitled to the benefit of any of the provisions hereof. 
 3.4. Impermissible Transfer. Any attempted Transfer of Shares
not permitted under the terms of this Section 3 shall be null and void, and the Company shall not in any way give effect to any such impermissible Transfer. 
 3.5. Period. The foregoing provisions of this Section 3 shall expire upon the earlier of (a) a Change of Control and (b) the effectiveness of the Company’s registration statement in
connection with the Qualified Public Offering. 
 4. INVESTOR TRANSFER RIGHTS; “TAG ALONG” AND “DRAG ALONG” RIGHTS. 
 4.1. Tag Along. If one or more holders of Investor Shares (each such holder, a “Prospective Selling Investor”) proposes to Sell
any such Shares to any Prospective Buyer (including an First Offer Purchaser pursuant to Section 4.4) in a Transfer other than one (i) permitted under the terms of Section 3.1, (ii) in connection with which such holder has
exercised his “tag-along” rights under Section 4.1, or (iii) in connection with which the Majority Investors have elected to exercise their “drag along” rights under Section 4.2: 
 4.1.1. Notice. The Prospective Selling Investors shall furnish a written notice (the “Tag Along Notice”) to each
other holder of Shares, excluding the Trustee but including each Manager holding Shares that are distributed from the Trust in connection with a Tag Along Event (as defined in the Plan), (each, a “Tag Along Holder”) and the

  

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 Trustee at least ten business days prior to such proposed Transfer. The Tag Along Notice may be the same
notice as the Sale Notice delivered pursuant to Section 4.4. The Tag Along Notice shall include: 
 (a) The principal
terms of the proposed Sale including (i) the number and class of the Shares to be purchased from the Prospective Selling Investors, (ii) the fraction(s) expressed as a percentage, determined by dividing the number of Shares of each class
(treating all Class A Common Stock as a single class) to be purchased from the Prospective Selling Investors by the total number of Investor Shares of each such class held by the Prospective Selling Investor (the “Tag Along Sale
Percentage”), (iii) the maximum and minimum per share purchase price and (iv) the name and address of the Prospective Buyer; and 
 (b) An invitation to each Tag Along Holder to make an offer to include in the proposed Sale to the applicable Prospective Buyer an additional number of Shares held by such Tag Along Holder (not in any event to exceed
the Tag Along Sale Percentage of the total number of Shares of the applicable class held by such Tag Along Holder), on the same terms and conditions (subject to Section 4.3.4 in the case of Options, Warrants and Convertible Securities), with
respect to each Share Sold, as the Prospective Selling Investors shall Sell each of their Shares. 
 4.1.2. Exercise.
Within eight business days after the effectiveness of the Tag Along Notice, each Tag Along Holder desiring to make an offer to include Shares in the proposed Sale (each a “Participating Seller” and, together with the Prospective
Selling Investors, collectively, the “Tag Along Sellers”) shall furnish a written notice (the “Tag Along Offer”) to the Prospective Selling Investors offering to include an additional number of Shares (not in any
event to exceed the Tag Along Sale Percentage of the total number of Shares of the applicable class held by such Participating Seller) which such Participating Seller desires to have included in the proposed Sale. Each Tag Along Holder who does not
so accept the Prospective Selling Investors’ invitation to make an offer to include Shares in the proposed Sale shall be deemed to have waived all of his rights with respect to such Sale, and the Tag Along Sellers shall thereafter be free to
Sell to the Prospective Buyer, at a per share price no greater than the maximum per share price set forth in the Tag Along Notice and on other principal terms which are not materially more favorable to the Tag Along Sellers than those set forth in
the Tag Along Notice, without any further obligation to such non-accepting Tag Along Holder pursuant to this Section 4.1. 
 4.1.3. Irrevocable Offer. The offer of each Participating Seller contained in his Tag Along Offer shall be irrevocable, and, to the extent such offer is accepted, such Participating Seller shall be bound and obligated to Sell in the
proposed Sale on the same terms and conditions, with respect to each Share Sold (subject to Section 4.3.4 in the case of Options, Warrants and Convertible Securities), as the Prospective Selling Investors, up to such number of Shares as such
Participating Seller shall have specified in his Tag Along Offer; provided, however, that if the principal terms of the proposed Sale change 
  

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 with the result that the per share price shall be less than the minimum per share price set forth in the
Tag Along Notice or the other principal terms shall be materially less favorable to the Tag Along Sellers than those set forth in the Tag Along Notice, each Participating Seller shall be permitted to withdraw the offer contained in his Tag Along
Offer and shall be released from his obligations thereunder. 
 4.1.4. Reduction of Shares Sold. The Prospective
Selling Investors shall attempt to obtain the inclusion in the proposed Sale of the entire number of Shares which each of the Tag Along Sellers requested to have included in the Sale (as evidenced in the case of the Prospective Selling Investors by
the Tag Along Notice and in the case of each Participating Seller by such Participating Seller’s Tag Along Offer). In the event the Prospective Selling Investors shall be unable to obtain the inclusion of such entire number of Shares in the
proposed Sale, the number of Shares to be sold in the proposed Sale shall be allocated among the Tag Along Sellers in proportion, as nearly as practicable, as follows: 
 (i) there shall be first allocated to each Participating Seller a number of Shares equal to the lesser of (A) the number of Shares
offered to be included by such Participating Seller in the proposed Sale pursuant to this Section 4.1, and (B) a number of Shares equal to the aggregate number of Shares proposed to be purchased from the Prospective Selling Investors
multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the aggregate number of Shares held by such Participating Seller, and the denominator of which is the aggregate number of Shares held by all Tag Along Sellers (the “Pro Rata
Portion”); and 
 (ii) the balance, if any, not allocated pursuant to clause (i) above shall be allocated to the
Prospective Selling Investors pro rata to each such Prospective Selling Investor based upon the number of Shares held by such Prospective Selling Investor, or in such other manner as the Prospective Selling Investors may otherwise agree. 

4.1.5. Additional Compliance. If prior to consummation, the terms of the proposed Sale shall change with the result that the per
share price to be paid in such proposed Sale shall be greater than the maximum per share price set forth in the Tag Along Notice or the other principal terms of such proposed Sale shall be materially more favorable to the Tag Along Sellers than
those set forth in the Tag Along Notice, the Tag Along Notice shall be null and void, and it shall be necessary for a separate Tag Along Notice to be furnished, and the terms and provisions of this Section 4.1 separately complied with, in order
to consummate such proposed Sale pursuant to this Section 4.1; provided, however, that in the case of such a separate Tag Along Notice, the applicable period to which reference is made in Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 shall be three
business days and two business days, respectively. In addition, if the Prospective Selling Investors have not completed the proposed Sale by the end of the 180th day following the date of the effectiveness of the Tag Along Notice, each
Participating Seller shall be released from his obligations under his Tag Along Offer, the Tag Along Notice shall be null and void, and it shall be necessary for a separate Tag Along Notice to be furnished, and the terms and 
  

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 provisions of this Section 4.1 separately complied with, in order to consummate such proposed Sale
pursuant to this Section 4.1, unless the failure to complete such proposed Sale resulted from any failure by any Participating Seller to comply with the terms of this Section 4; provided, however, that in the case of such a
separate Tag Along Notice, the applicable period to which reference is made in Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 shall be three business days and two business days, respectively. 
 4.2. Drag Along. Each holder of Shares, excluding the Trustee but including each Manager holding Shares that are distributed from the Trust in connection with a Drag Along Event (as defined in the Plan), hereby
agrees, if requested by the Majority Investors, to Sell a specified percentage equal to or greater than 80 percent (the “Drag Along Sale Percentage”) of each class of such Shares (treating all Class A Common Stock as a single
class), directly or indirectly, to a Prospective Buyer in the manner and on the terms set forth in this Section 4.2 in connection with the Sale by one or more holders of Investor Shares (each such holder, a “Prospective Selling
Investor”) of the Drag Along Sale Percentage of the total number of Investor Shares of such class held by such holders of Investor Shares to the Prospective Buyer; provided, however, that no holder of Shares shall be required
to sell any Shares pursuant to this Section 4.2 in connection with a Sale by one or more Investors to any Affiliate of such Investor or any Affiliated Fund of such Investor unless such proposed Sale is approved by vote or written consent of
each of the Bain Investors, THL Investors and Blackstone Investors, each voting separately. 
 4.2.1. Exercise. If the
Majority Investors elect to exercise their rights under this Section 4.2, the Prospective Selling Investors shall furnish a written notice (the “Drag Along Notice”) to each other holder of Shares. The Drag Along Notice shall
set forth the principal terms of the proposed Sale insofar as it relates to such Shares including (i) the number and class of Shares to be acquired from the Prospective Selling Investors, (ii) the Drag Along Sale Percentage, (iii) the
per share consideration to be received in the proposed Sale and (iv) the name and address of the Prospective Buyer. If the Prospective Selling Investors consummate the proposed Sale to which reference is made in the Drag Along Notice, each
other holder of Shares, excluding the Trustee but including each Manager holding shares that are distributed from the Trust in connection with a Drag Along Event (as defined in the Plan), (each a “Participating Seller”, and,
together with the Prospective Selling Investors, collectively, the “Drag Along Sellers”) shall be bound and obligated to Sell the Drag Along Sale Percentage of his Shares in the proposed Sale on the same terms and conditions, with
respect to each Share Sold (subject to Section 4.3.4 in the case of Options and Warrants), as the Prospective Selling Investors shall Sell each Investor Share in the Sale (subject to Section 4.3.4 in the case of Options, Warrants and
Convertible Securities). If at the end of the 180th day following the date of the effectiveness of the Drag Along Notice the Prospective Selling Investors have not completed the proposed Sale, the Drag Along Notice shall be null and void, each
Participating Seller shall be released from his obligation under the Drag Along Notice and it shall be necessary for a separate Drag Along Notice to be furnished and the terms and provisions of this Section 4.2 separately complied with, in
order to consummate such proposed Sale pursuant to this Section 4.2. 
  

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 4.3. Miscellaneous. The following provisions shall be applied to any proposed Sale to which
Section 4.1 or 4.2 applies: 
 4.3.1. Certain Legal Requirements. In the event the consideration to be paid in
exchange for Shares in a proposed Sale pursuant to Section 4.1 or Section 4.2 includes any securities, and the receipt thereof by a Participating Seller would require under applicable law (a) the registration or qualification of such
securities or of any person as a broker or dealer or agent with respect to such securities or (b) the provision to any Tag Along Seller or Drag Along Seller of any specified information regarding the Company, such securities or the issuer
thereof, such Participating Seller shall not have the right to Sell Shares in such proposed Sale. In such event, the Prospective Selling Investors shall have the right, but not the obligation, to cause to be paid to such Participating Seller in lieu
thereof, against surrender of the Shares (in accordance with Section 4.3.6 hereof) which would have otherwise been Sold by such Participating Seller to the Prospective Buyer in the proposed Sale, an amount in cash equal to the Fair Market Value
of such Shares as of the date such securities would have been issued in exchange for such Shares. 
 4.3.2. Further
Assurances. Each Participating Seller and First Offer Purchaser, whether in his capacity as a Participating Seller, First Offer Purchaser, stockholder, officer or director of the Company, or otherwise, shall take or cause to be taken all such
actions as may be necessary or reasonably desirable in order expeditiously to consummate each Sale pursuant to Section 4.1, Section 4.2 or Section 4.4 and any related transactions, including executing, acknowledging and delivering
consents, assignments, waivers and other documents or instruments; furnishing information and copies of documents; filing applications, reports, returns, filings and other documents or instruments with governmental authorities; and otherwise
cooperating with the Prospective Selling Investors and the Prospective Buyer; provided, however, that Participating Sellers shall be obligated to become liable in respect of any representations, warranties, covenants, indemnities or
otherwise to the Prospective Buyer solely to the extent provided in the immediately following sentence. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Participating Seller agrees to execute and deliver such agreements as may be reasonably
specified by the Prospective Selling Investors to which such Prospective Selling Investors will also be party, including agreements to (a) (i) make individual representations, warranties, covenants and other agreements as to the
unencumbered title to its Shares and the power, authority and legal right to Transfer such Shares and the absence of any Adverse Claim with respect to such Shares and (ii) be liable without limitation as to such representations, warranties,
covenants and other agreements and (b) be liable (whether by purchase price adjustment, indemnity payments or otherwise) in respect of representations, warranties, covenants and agreements in respect of the Company and its subsidiaries;
provided, however, that the aggregate amount of liability described in this clause (b) in connection with any Sale of Shares shall not exceed the lesser of (i) such Participating Seller’s pro rata portion of any such
liability, to be determined in accordance with such Participating Seller’s portion of the total number of Shares included in such Sale or (ii) the proceeds to such Participating Seller in connection with such Sale. 
  

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 4.3.3. Sale Process. The Majority Investors, in the case of a proposed Sale
pursuant to Section 4.2, or the Prospective Selling Investor(s), in the case of a proposed Sale pursuant to Section 4.1 and 4.4, shall, in their sole discretion, decide whether or not to pursue, consummate, postpone or abandon any proposed
Sale and the terms and conditions thereof. No holder of Investor Share nor any Affiliate of any such holder shall have any liability to any other holder of Shares arising from, relating to or in connection with the pursuit, consummation,
postponement, abandonment or terms and conditions of any proposed Sale except to the extent such holder shall have failed to comply with the provisions of this Section 4. 
 4.3.4. Treatment of Options, Warrants and Convertible Securities. Each Participating Seller agrees that to the extent he desires to
include Options, Warrants or Convertible Securities in any Sale of Shares pursuant to Section 4, he shall be deemed to have exercised, converted or exchanged such Options, Warrants or Convertible Security immediately prior to the closing of
such Sale to the extent necessary to Sell Common Stock to the Prospective Buyer, except to the extent permitted under the terms of any such Option, Warrant or Convertible Security and agreed by the Prospective Buyer. If any Participating Seller
shall Sell Options, Warrants or Convertible Securities in any Sale pursuant to Section 4, such Participating Seller shall receive in exchange for such Options, Warrants or Convertible Securities consideration equal to the amount (if greater
than zero) determined by multiplying (a) the purchase price per share of Common Stock received by the holders of the Prospective Selling Investors in such Sale less the exercise price, if any, per share of such Option, Warrant or Convertible
Security by (b) the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange of such Option, Warrant or Convertible Security (to the extent exercisable, convertible or exchangeable at the time of such Sale), subject to
reduction for any tax or other amounts required to be withheld under applicable law. 
 4.3.5. Expenses. All reasonable
costs and expenses incurred by the Prospective Selling Investors or the Company in connection with any proposed Sale pursuant to this Section 4 (whether or not consummated), including without limitation all attorneys fees and charges, all
accounting fees and charges and all finders, brokerage or investment banking fees, charges or commissions, shall be paid by the Company. The reasonable fees and expenses of a single legal counsel representing any or all of the other Tag Along
Sellers or Drag Along Sellers in connection with any proposed Sale pursuant to this Section 4 (whether or not consummated) shall be paid by the Company. Any other costs and expenses incurred by or on behalf of any or all of the other Tag Along
Seller or Drag Along Seller in connection with any proposed Sale pursuant to this Section 4 (whether or not consummated) shall be borne by such Tag Along Seller(s) or Drag Along Seller(s). 
 4.3.6. Closing. The closing of a Sale to which Section 4.1, 4.2 or 4.4 applies shall take place at such time and place as the
Prospective Selling Investors shall specify by notice to each Participating Seller. At the closing of such Sale, each Participating Seller shall deliver the certificates evidencing the Shares to be Sold by such Participating Seller, duly endorsed,
or with stock (or equivalent) powers duly endorsed, for transfer with signature guaranteed, free and clear of any liens or encumbrances, with any stock (or equivalent) transfer tax stamps affixed, against delivery of the applicable consideration.

  

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 4.3.7. Classification of Transferred Shares. 
 4.3.7.1. Shares Transferred to a Prospective Buyer in accordance with Section 4.1 and Section 4.4 shall thereafter become Other
Investor Shares hereunder. No such Transfer pursuant to Section 4.1 shall be effective unless the Prospective Buyer has delivered to the Company a written acknowledgment and agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Company
that such Shares to be received by such Prospective Buyer shall become Other Investor Shares upon the completion of such Transfer, and shall be subject to all of the provisions of this Agreement and that such Prospective Buyer shall be bound by, and
shall be a party to, this Agreement as the holder of Other Investor Shares hereunder. 
 4.3.7.2. Shares Transferred pursuant
to Section 4.4 to a First Offer Purchaser other than the Company shall thereafter become Investor Shares hereunder of like kind with the other Shares held by such First Offer Purchaser and its Affiliated Funds. 
 4.4. Right of First Offer. If one or more holders of Investor Shares (each such holder, a “Prospective Selling Investor”)
proposes to Sell any Shares in a transaction other than one (i) permitted under the terms of Section 3.1, (ii) in connection with which such holder has exercised his “tag-along” rights under Section 4.1, or
(iii) in connection with which the Majority Investors have elected to exercise their “drag along” rights under Section 4.2 for more than seventy-five percent of the then outstanding Shares: 
 4.4.1. Notice. The Prospective Selling Investors shall furnish a written notice of such proposed Sale (a “Sale
Notice”) to the Company and each other Investor (each, a “First Offer Holder”) (which notice may be the same notice as the Tag Along Notice delivered pursuant to Section 4.1) not less than ten business days prior to
any such proposed Transfer. The Sale Notice shall include: 
 4.4.1.1. the number of Shares proposed to be sold by the
Prospective Selling Shareholder (the “Subject Shares”), and (ii) the name and address of the Prospective Buyer, if any; and 
 4.4.1.2. an invitation to each First Offer Holder to make an offer to purchase (subject to Section 4.4.5 below) any number of the Subject Shares. 
 4.4.2. Exercise. 
 4.4.2.1. Within eight business days after the effectiveness of the Sale Notice, each of the Company and each First Offer Holder, may make an offer to purchase any number of the Subject Shares, by furnishing a written
notice (the 
  

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 “Initial First Offer Notice”) of such offer specifying a number of Subject Shares
offered to be purchased from the Prospective Selling Investors, the price per share offered to be paid, and any other terms and conditions of the offer (each such Person delivering such notice, a “Prospective First Offer Purchaser”
). 
 4.4.2.2. Upon receipt of the Initial First Offer Notices, the Prospective Selling Investors will determine the best
offer made by the Prospective First Offer Purchasers (the “Best Offer”), based on the price per share and other terms and conditions offered, and will furnish a written notice (the “Best Offer Notice”) to each
Prospective First Offer Purchaser setting forth the price per share and other terms and conditions of the Best Offer and inviting each Prospective First Offer Purchaser to submit a new offer matching the price and other terms and conditions of the
Best Offer. 
 4.4.2.3. Within three business days after effectiveness of the Best Offer Notice, each of the Company and each
First Offer Holder may offer to match the price and other terms and conditions in the Best Offer Notice by furnishing a written notice (the “First Offer Notice”) of such offer specifying a number of Subject Shares offered to be
purchased from the Prospective Selling Investors on the terms of the Best Offer (each such Person delivering such notice, a “First Offer Purchaser”). 
 4.4.2.4. Each Person not furnishing an First Offer Notice offering to purchase any of the Subject Shares shall be deemed to have waived
all of its or his rights to purchase such Shares in lieu of such proposed Sale and the Prospective Selling Investors and Participating Sellers shall thereafter be free to Sell the Subject Shares to the First Offer Purchasers and/or the Prospective
Buyer, at a per Share purchase price no less than the price set forth in the Best Offer Notice and on other principal terms not substantially more favorable to the First Offer Purchasers and/or the Prospective Buyer than those set forth in the Best
Offer Notice, without any further obligation to such non-First Offer Purchasers pursuant to this Section 4.4. 
 4.4.3.
Irrevocable Offer. The offer of each First Offer Purchaser contained in a First Offer Notice shall be irrevocable, and, subject to Section 4.4.5 below, to the extent such offer is accepted, such First Offer Purchaser shall be bound and
obligated to purchase the number of Subject Shares set forth in such First Offer Purchaser’s First Offer Notice. 
 4.4.4. Additional Compliance. If at the end of the 180th day following the date of the effectiveness of the Sale Notice the Prospective Selling Investors and First Offer Purchasers has not completed the Sale (other than due to the
failure of any First Offer Purchaser to perform its obligations under this Section 4.4), each First Offer Purchaser shall be released from his obligations under his irrevocable offer, the Sale Notice shall be null and void, and it shall be
necessary for a separate Sale Notice to be furnished, and the terms and provisions of this Section 4.4 separately complied with, in order to 
  

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 consummate such Transfer pursuant to this Section 4.4; provided, however, that in the
case of such a separate Sale Notice, the applicable period to which reference is made in Section 4.4.1 and 4.4.2.1 shall be three business days and two business days, respectively. 
 4.4.5. Determination of the Number of Subject Shares to be Sold. In the event the number of Shares offered to be purchased by the
First Offer Purchasers is less than the number of Subject Shares, the Prospective Selling Investors may accept the offers of the First Offer Purchasers, and at the option of the Prospective Selling Investors, sell any remaining Subject Shares which
the First Offer Purchasers did not elect to purchase to a Prospective Buyer or if the Prospective Buyer selected by the Prospective Selling Investors is unwilling to purchase less than all of the Subject Shares, the Prospective Selling Investors
shall be free reject the offers of the First Offer Purchasers and sell all of the Subject Shares to a Prospective Buyer at a price per Share that is no less than the price set forth in the Best Offer Notice. In the event the aggregate number of
Subject Shares offered to be purchased by the First Offer Purchasers is equal to or exceeds the aggregate number of Subject Shares, the Subject Shares shall be sold first to the Company, if the Company has offered to purchase any of the Subject
Shares and, second, to the First Offer Purchasers (other than the Company) as follows: 
 (i) there shall be first allocated
to each First Offer Purchaser (other than the Company) a number of Shares equal to the lesser of (A) the number of Shares offered to be purchased by such First Offer Purchaser pursuant his First Offer Notice, and (B) a number of Shares
equal to the aggregate number of remaining Subject Shares multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the aggregate number of Shares held by such First Offer Purchaser, and the denominator of which is the aggregate number of Shares held by
all First Offer Purchasers (the “Pro Rata Portion”); and 
 (ii) the balance, if any, not allocated pursuant
to clause (i) above shall be allocated to those First Offer Purchasers (other than the Company) which offered to purchase a number of Shares in excess of such Person’s Pro Rata Portion pro rata to each such First Offer Purchaser based upon
the amount of such excess, or in such other manner as the First Offer Purchasers may otherwise agree. 
 In the event any
Investors exercise their rights under Section 4.1 to sell Shares in connection with a transaction subject to this Section 4.4, such Shares (as the case may be, reduced in accordance with Section 4.1.4) shall be deemed to be Subject
Shares for purposes of this Section 4.4 and shall be allocated in accordance with this Section 4.4.5. 
 4.5. Period. The
foregoing provisions of this Section 4 shall expire on the earlier of (a) a Change of Control or (b) the closing of a Qualified Public Offering. 
 5. RIGHT OF PARTICIPATION. The Company shall not issue or sell any shares of any of its capital stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for any shares of its capital 
  

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 stock, issue or grant any options or warrants for the purchase of, or enter into any agreements providing for the
issuance (contingent or otherwise) of, any of its capital stock or any stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for any shares of its capital stock, in each case, to any Person (each an “Issuance” of “Subject
Securities”), except in compliance with the provisions of Section 5.1 or 5.2. 
 5.1. Right of Participation.

 5.1.1. Offer. Not fewer than ten business days prior to the consummation of an Issuance, a notice (the
“Participation Notice”) shall be furnished by the Company to each holder of Shares other than the Trustee (the “Participation Offerees”). The Participation Notice shall include: 
 (a) The principal terms of the proposed Issuance, including (i) the amount and kind of Subject Securities to be included in the
Issuance, (ii) the number of Equivalent Shares represented by such Subject Securities (if applicable), (iii) the percentage of the total number of Equivalent Shares outstanding as of immediately prior to giving effect to such Issuance
which the number of Equivalent Shares held by such Participation Offeree constitutes (the “Participation Portion”), (iv) the maximum and minimum price (including if applicable, the maximum and minimum Price Per Equivalent
Share) per unit of the Subject Securities and (v) the name and address of the Person to whom the Subject Securities will be issued (the “Prospective Subscriber”); and 
 (b) An offer by the Company to issue, at the option of each Participation Offeree, to such Participation Offeree such portion of the
Subject Securities to be included in the Issuance as may be requested by such Participation Offeree (not to exceed the Participation Portion of the total amount of Subject Securities to be included in the Issuance), on the same economic terms and
conditions, with respect to each unit of Subject Securities issued to the Participation Offerees, as each of the Prospective Subscribers shall be issued units of Subject Securities. 
 5.1.2. Exercise. 
 5.1.2.1. General. Each Participation Offeree desiring to accept the offer contained in the Participation Notice shall accept the offer in the Participation Notice by furnishing a written notice of such
acceptance to the Company within eight business days after the effectiveness of the Participation Notice specifying the amount of Subject Securities (not in any event to exceed the Participation Portion of the total amount of Subject Securities to
be included in the Issuance) which such Participation Offeree desires to be issued (each a “Participating Buyer”). Each Participation Offeree who has not so accepted such offer shall be deemed to have waived all of his rights with
respect to the Issuance, and the Company shall thereafter be free to issue Subject Securities in the Issuance to the Prospective Subscriber and any Participating Buyers, at a price no 
  

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 less than the minimum price set forth in the Participation Notice and on other principal terms not
substantially more favorable to the Prospective Subscriber than those set forth in the Participation Notice, without any further obligation to such non-accepting Participation Offerees pursuant to Section 5. If, prior to consummation, the terms
of such proposed Issuance shall change with the result that the price shall be less than the minimum price set forth in the Participation Notice or the other principal terms shall be substantially more favorable to the Prospective Subscriber
than those set forth in the Participation Notice, it shall be necessary for a separate Participation Notice to be furnished, and the terms and provisions of this Section 5.1 separately complied with, in order to consummate such Issuance
pursuant to this Section 5.1; provided, however, that in such case of a separate Participation Notice, the applicable period to which reference is made in Section 5.1.1 and in the first sentence of Section 5.1.2.1 shall
be three business days and two business days respectively. 
 5.1.2.2. Irrevocable Acceptance. The acceptance of each
Participating Buyer shall be irrevocable except as hereinafter provided, and each such Participating Buyer shall be bound and obligated to acquire in the Issuance on the same terms and conditions, with respect to each unit of Subject Securities
issued, as the Prospective Subscriber, such amount of Subject Securities as such Participating Buyer shall have specified in such Participating Buyer’s written commitment. 
 5.1.2.3. Time Limitation. If at the end of the 180th day following the date of the effectiveness of the Participation Notice the
Company has not completed the Issuance, each Participating Buyer shall be released from his obligations under the written commitment, the Participation Notice shall be null and void, and it shall be necessary for a separate Participation Notice to
be furnished, and the terms and provisions of this Section 5.1 separately complied with, in order to consummate such Issuance pursuant to this Section 5.1; provided, however, that in such case of a separate Participation
Notice, the applicable period to which reference is made in Section 5.1.1 and in the first sentence of Section 5.1.2.1 shall be three business days and two business days, respectively. 
 5.1.3. Other Securities. The Company may condition the participation of the Participation Offerees in an Issuance upon the purchase
by such Participation Offerees of any securities (including debt securities) other than Subject Securities (“Other Securities”) in the event that the participation of the Prospective Subscriber in such Issuance is so conditioned. In
such case, each Participating Buyer shall acquire in the Issuance, together with the Subject Securities to be acquired by it, Other Securities in the same proportion to the Subject Securities to be acquired by it as the proportion of Other
Securities to Subject Securities being acquired by the Prospective Subscriber in the Issuance, on the same terms and conditions, as to each unit of Subject Securities and Other Securities issued to the Participating Buyers, as the Prospective
Subscriber shall be issued units of Subject Securities and Other Securities. 
  

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 5.1.4. Certain Legal Requirements. In the event that the participation in the
Issuance by a holder of Shares as a Participating Buyer would require under applicable law (i) the registration or qualification of such securities or of any person as a broker or dealer or agent with respect to such securities or (ii) the
provision to any participant in the Sale of any specified information regarding the Company or the securities, such holder of Shares shall not have the right to participate in the Issuance. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, it is
understood and agreed that the Company shall not be under any obligation to effect a registration of such securities under the Securities Act or similar state statutes. 
 5.1.5. Further Assurances. Each Participation Offeree and each Stockholder to whom the Shares held by such Participation Offeree
were originally issued, shall, whether in his capacity as a Participating Buyer, Stockholder, officer or director of the Company, or otherwise, take or cause to be taken all such reasonable actions as may be necessary or reasonably desirable in
order expeditiously to consummate each Issuance pursuant to this Section 5.1 and any related transactions, including executing, acknowledging and delivering consents, assignments, waivers and other documents or instruments; filing applications,
reports, returns, filings and other documents or instruments with governmental authorities; and otherwise cooperating with the Company and the Prospective Subscriber. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each such Participating Buyer
and Stockholder agrees to execute and deliver such subscription and other agreements specified by the Company to which the Prospective Subscriber will be party. 
 5.1.6. Expenses. All reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the holders of Investor Shares or the Company in connection with any
proposed Issuance of Subject Securities (whether or not consummated), including without limitation all attorney’s fees and charges, all accounting fees and charges and all finders, brokerage or investment banking fees, charges or commissions,
shall be paid by the Company. The reasonable fees and charges of a single legal counsel representing any or all of the other holders of Shares in connection with such proposed Issuance of Subject Securities (whether or not consummated) shall be paid
by the Company. Any other costs and expenses incurred by or on behalf of any other holder of Shares in connection with such proposed Issuance of Subject Securities (whether or not consummated) shall be borne by such holder. 
 5.1.7. Closing. The closing of an Issuance pursuant to Section 5.1 shall take place at such time and place as the Company
shall specify by notice to each Participating Buyer. At the Closing of any Issuance under this Section 5.1.7, each Participating Buyer shall be delivered the notes, certificates or other instruments evidencing the Subject Securities (and, if
applicable, Other Securities) to be issued to such Participating Buyer, registered in the name of such Participating Buyer or his designated nominee, free and clear of any liens or encumbrances, with any transfer tax stamps affixed, against delivery
by such Participating Buyer of the applicable consideration. 
  

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 5.2. Post-Issuance Notice. Notwithstanding the notice requirements of Sections 5.1.1 and
5.1.2, the Company may proceed with any Issuance prior to having complied with the provisions of Section 5.1; provided that the Company shall: 
 (a) provide to each holder of Shares who would have been a Participation Offeree in connection with such Issuance (i) with prompt notice of such Issuance and (ii) the Participation Notice described in
Section 5.1.1 in which the actual price per unit of Subject Securities (and, if applicable, actual Price Per Equivalent Share) shall be set forth; 
 (b) offer to issue to such holder of Shares such number of securities of the type issued in the Issuance as may be requested by such holder (not to exceed the Participation Portion that such holder would have been
entitled to pursuant to Section 5.1 multiplied by the number of Equivalent Shares included in the Issuance) on the same economic terms and conditions with respect to such securities as the subscribers in the Issuance received; and 

(c) keep such offer open for a period of ten business days, during which period, each such holder may accept such offer by sending a
written acceptance to the Company committing to purchase an amount of such securities (not in any event to exceed the Participation Portion that such holder would have been entitled to pursuant to Section 5.1 multiplied by the number of
Equivalent Shares included in such issuance). 
 5.3. Excluded Transactions. The preceding provisions of this Section 5 shall not
apply to: 
 (a) Any Issuance of Common Stock upon the exercise or conversion of any Common Stock, Options, Warrants or
Convertible Securities outstanding on the date hereof or issued after the date hereof in compliance with the provisions of this Section 5; 
 (b) The Issuance of Shares to the Investors in connection with the Closing; 
 (c) Any
Issuance of shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities to officers, employees, directors or consultants of the Company or its subsidiaries in connection with such Person’ employment arrangements with the Company or its
subsidiaries; 
 (d) Any Issuance of shares of Common Stock, Option, Warrants or Convertible Securities in connection with any
business combination or acquisition transaction involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries; 
 (e) Any Issuance of
Common Stock pursuant to the Initial Public Offering; 
  

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 (f) Any Issuance of Common Stock to the Trustee in accordance with the Plan; or

 (g) Any Issuance of Common Stock to a Manager in respect of his or her interest in the Plan. 
 5.4. Certain Provisions Applicable to Options, Warrants and Convertible Securities. In the event that the Issuance of Subject Securities shall
result in any increase in the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange of any Options, Warrants or Convertible Securities, the number of shares (or Equivalent Shares, if applicable) of Subject Securities (and
Other Securities, if applicable) which the holders of such Options, Warrants or Convertible Securities, as the case may be, shall be entitled to purchase pursuant to Section 5.1, if any, shall be reduced, share for share, by the amount of any
such increase. 
 5.5. Acquired Shares. Any Subject Securities constituting Common Stock acquired by any holder of Shares pursuant to
this Section 5 shall be deemed for all purposes hereof to be Investor Shares, Other Investor Shares and Management Shares hereunder of like kind with the Shares then held by the acquiring holder. 
 5.6. Period. The foregoing provisions of this Section 5 shall expire on the earlier of (a) a Change of Control or (b) the
closing of the Initial Public Offering. 
 6. REGISTRATION RIGHTS. The Company will perform and comply, and cause each of its subsidiaries to perform and
comply, with such of the following provisions as are applicable to it. Each holder of Shares will perform and comply with such of the following provisions as are applicable to such holder. 
 6.1. Demand Registration Rights for Investor Shares. 
 6.1.1. General. Beginning at any time after the expiration of the lock-up agreement entered into by the Majority Investors in connection with the Initial Public Offering, one or more holders of Investor Shares
(“Initiating Investors”), by notice to the Company specifying the intended method or methods of disposition, may request that the Company effect the registration under the Securities Act for a Public Offering of all or a specified
part of the Registrable Securities held by such Initiating Investors (for purposes of this Agreement, “Registrable Investor Securities” shall mean Registrable Securities constituting Investor Shares); provided,
however, that the value of Registrable Securities that the Initiating Investors propose to sell in such Public Offering is at least ten million dollars ($10,000,000), and provided, further, that the Majority Investors give their
prior written consent to any such request prior to the closing of the first Public Offering initiated pursuant to this Section 6.1. The Company will then use its best efforts to effect the registration under the Securities Act of the
Registrable Securities which the Company has been requested to register by such Initiating Investors together with all other Registrable Securities which the Company has been requested to register pursuant to Section 6.2 or by other holders of
Registrable Investor Securities by notice delivered to the Company within 20 days after the Company has given the notice required by 
  

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 Section 6.2.1 (which request shall specify the intended method of disposition of such Registrable
Securities), all to the extent requisite to permit the disposition (in accordance with the intended methods thereof as aforesaid) of the Registrable Securities which the Company has been so requested to register; provided, however,
that the Company shall not be obligated to take any action to effect any such registration pursuant to this Section 6.1.1: 
 (a) During the effectiveness of any lock-up agreement entered into by the Majority Investors in connection with any registration statement pertaining to an underwritten public offering of securities of the Company for its own account (other
than a Rule 145 Transaction, or a registration relating solely to employee benefit plans); or 
 (b) (i) Upon the request
of any member of an Investor Group on any form other than Form S-3 (or any successor form) if the Company has previously effected three or more registrations of Registrable Securities under this Section 6.1.1 upon the request of the members of
such Investor Group on any form other than Form S-3 (or any successor form); provided, however, that no registrations of Registrable Securities which shall not have become and remained effective in accordance with the provisions of
this Section 6 and no registrations of Registrable Securities pursuant to which the Initiating Investors and all other holders of Registrable Investor Securities joining therein are not able to include at least 90% of the Registrable Securities
which they desired to include, shall be included in the calculation of numbers of registrations contemplated by this clause (b). 
 6.1.2. Form. Except as otherwise provided above, each registration requested pursuant to Section 6.1.1 shall be effected by the filing of a registration statement on Form S-1 (or any other form which includes substantially the
same information as would be required to be included in a registration statement on such form as currently constituted), unless the use of a different form has been agreed to in writing by holders of at least a majority of the Registrable Investor
Securities to be included in the proposed registration statement in question (the “Majority Participating Investors”). 
 6.1.3. Payment of Expenses. The Company shall pay all reasonable expenses of holders of Investor Shares incurred in connection with each registration of Registrable Securities requested pursuant to this
Section 6.1, other than underwriting discount and commission, if any, and applicable transfer taxes, if any. 
 6.1.4.
Additional Procedures. In the case of a registration pursuant to Section 6.1 hereof, whenever the Majority Participating Investors shall request that such registration shall be effected pursuant to an underwritten offering, the Company
shall include such information in the written notices to holders of Registrable Securities referred to in Section 6.2. In such event, the right of any holder of Registrable Securities to have securities owned by such holder included in such
registration pursuant to Section 6.1 shall be conditioned upon such holder’s participation in such underwriting 
  

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 and the inclusion of such holder’s Registrable Securities in the underwriting (unless otherwise
mutually agreed upon by the Majority Participating Investors and such holder). If requested by the Initiating Investors, the Company together with the holders of Registrable Securities proposing to distribute their securities through the
underwriting will enter into an underwriting agreement with the underwriters for such offering containing such representations and warranties by the Company and such holders and such other terms and provisions as are customarily contained in
underwriting agreements with respect to secondary distributions, including customary indemnity and contribution provisions (subject, in each case, to the limitations on such liabilities set forth in this Agreement). 
 6.1.5. Expiration. The foregoing provisions of this Section 6.1 shall have no effect with respect to any request by a
prospective Initiating Investor received by the Company on or after the seventh anniversary of the closing of the Initial Public Offering. 
 6.2. Piggyback Registration Rights. 
 6.2.1. Piggyback Registration. 
 6.2.1.1. General. Each time the Company proposes to register any shares of Common Stock under the Securities Act on a form which
would permit registration of Registrable Securities for sale to the public, for its own account and/or for the account of any other Person (pursuant to Section 6.1 or otherwise) for sale in a Public Offering, the Company will give notice to all
holders of Registrable Securities (other than the Trustee) of its intention to do so. Any such holder may, by written response delivered to the Company within 20 days after the effectiveness of such notice, request that all or a specified part of
the Registrable Securities held by such holder be included in such registration. The Company thereupon will use its reasonable efforts to cause to be included in such registration under the Securities Act all shares of Common Stock which the Company
has been so requested to register by such holders, to the extent required to permit the disposition (in accordance with the methods to be used by the Company or other holders of shares of Common Stock in such Public Offering) of the Registrable
Securities to be so registered. No registration of Registrable Securities effected under this Section 6.2 shall relieve the Company of any of its obligations to effect registrations of Registrable Securities pursuant to Section 6.1 hereof.

 6.2.1.2. Excluded Transactions. The Company shall not be obligated to effect any registration of Registrable
Securities under this Section 6.2 incidental to the registration of any of its securities in connection with: 
 (a) Any
Public Offering relating to employee benefit plans or dividend reinvestment plans; 
  

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 (b) Any Public Offering relating to the acquisition or merger after the date hereof by
the Company or any of its subsidiaries of or with any other businesses; or 
 (c) The Initial Public Offering. 
 6.2.2. Payment of Expenses. The Company shall pay all reasonable expenses of a single legal counsel selected by the Majority
Investors representing any and all holders of Registrable Securities incurred in connection with each registration of Registrable Securities requested pursuant to this Section 6.2. 
 6.2.3. Additional Procedures. Holders of Shares participating in any Public Offering pursuant to this Section 6.2 shall take
all such actions and execute all such documents and instruments that are reasonably requested by the Company to effect the sale of their Shares in such Public Offering, including being parties to the underwriting agreement entered into by the
Company and any other selling shareholders in connection therewith and being liable in respect of the representations and warranties by, and the other agreements (including without limitation customary selling stockholder representations,
warranties, indemnifications and “lock-up” agreements) for the benefit of the underwriters; provided, however, that (a) with respect to individual representations, warranties, indemnities and agreements of sellers of
Shares in such Public Offering, the aggregate amount of such liability shall not exceed such holder’s net proceeds from such offering and (b) to the extent selling stockholders give further representations, warranties and indemnities, then
with respect to all other representations, warranties and indemnities of sellers of shares in such Public Offering, the aggregate amount of such liability shall not exceed the lesser of (i) such holder’s pro rata portion of any such
liability, in accordance with such holder’s portion of the total number of Shares included in the offering, and (ii) such holder’s net proceeds from such offering. 
 6.2.4. Expiration. The foregoing provisions of Section 6.2 shall have no effect with respect to any request received by the
Company on or after the seventh anniversary of the closing of the Initial Public Offering. 
 6.3. Certain Other Provisions.

 6.3.1. Underwriter’s Cutback. In connection with any registration of shares, the underwriter may determine that
marketing factors (including an adverse effect on the per share offering price) require a limitation of the number of shares to be underwritten. Notwithstanding any contrary provision of this Section 6 and subject to the terms of this
Section 6.3.1, the underwriter may limit the number of shares which would otherwise be included in such registration by excluding any or all Registrable Securities from such registration (it being understood that the number of shares which the
Company seeks to have registered in such registration shall not be subject to exclusion, in whole or in part, under this Section 6.3.1). Upon receipt of notice from the underwriter of the need to reduce the number of shares to be included in
the registration, the Company shall advise all holders of the Company’s securities that would otherwise be registered and 
  

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 underwritten pursuant hereto, and the number of shares of such securities, including Registrable
Securities, that may be included in the registration shall be allocated in the following manner, unless the underwriter shall determine that marketing factors require a different allocation: shares, other than Registrable Securities, requested to be
included in such registration by other shareholders shall be excluded unless the Company has, with the consent of the Majority Investors, granted registration rights which are to be treated on an equal basis with Registrable Securities for the
purpose of the exercise of the underwriter cutback; and, if a limitation on the number of shares is still required, the number of Registrable Securities and other shares of Common Stock that may be included in such registration shall be allocated
among the holders thereof in proportion, as nearly as practicable, as follows: 
 (i) there shall be first allocated to each
Stockholder requesting that their Shares be registered in such registration a number of Shares to be included in such registration equal to the lesser of (A) the number of Shares requested to be registered by such Stockholder pursuant to
Section 6.1 or 6.2, and (B) a number of Shares equal to the aggregate number of Shares to be registered in such registration multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the aggregate number of Shares held by such Stockholder, and
the denominator of which is the aggregate number of Shares held by all Stockholders requesting that their Shares be registered in such registration (the “Pro Rata Portion”); and 
 (ii) the balance, if any, not allocated pursuant to clause (i) above shall be allocated to those Stockholders requesting that their
Shares be registered in such registration which requested to register a number of Shares in excess of such Person’s Pro Rata Portion pro rata to each such shareholder based upon the number of Shares held by such Stockholder, or in such other
manner as the Stockholders requesting that their Shares be registered in such registration may otherwise agree. 
 For purposes of any
underwriter cutback, all Shares held by any holder of Registrable Securities shall also include any Shares held by the partners, retired partners, shareholders or affiliated entities of such holder, or the estates and family members of any such
holder or such partners and retired partners, any trusts for the benefit of any of the foregoing persons and, at the election of such holder or such partners, retired partners, trusts or affiliated entities, any Charitable Organization to which any
of the foregoing shall have contributed Common Stock prior to the execution of the underwriting agreement in connection with such underwritten offering, and such holder and other persons shall be deemed to be a single selling holder, and any pro
rata reduction with respect to such selling holder shall be based upon the aggregate amount of Common Stock owned by all entities and individuals included in such selling holder, as defined in this sentence. No securities excluded from the
underwriting by reason of the underwriter’s marketing limitation shall be included in such registration. Upon delivery of a written request that Registrable Securities be included in the underwriting pursuant to Section 6.1.1 or 6.2.1.1,
the holder thereof may not thereafter elect to withdraw therefrom without the written consent of the Company and the Majority Investors. 
  

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 6.3.2. Other Actions. If and in each case when the Company is required to use its
best efforts to effect a registration of any Registrable Securities as provided in this Section 6, the Company shall take appropriate and customary actions in furtherance thereof, including, without limitation: (a) promptly filing with the
Commission a registration statement and using reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective, (b) preparing and filing with the Commission such amendments and supplements to such registration statements as may be
required to comply with the Securities Act and to keep such registration statement effective for a period not to exceed 270 days from the date of effectiveness or such earlier time as the Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement
shall have been disposed of in accordance with the intended method of distribution therefor or the expiration of the time when a prospectus relating to such registration is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, (c) use its best
efforts to register or qualify such Registrable Securities under the state securities or “blue sky” laws of such jurisdictions as the sellers shall reasonably request; provided, however, that the Company shall not be
obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it
would not otherwise be so subject; and (d) otherwise cooperate reasonably with, and take such customary actions as may reasonably be requested by the holders of Registrable Securities in connection with, such registration (including causing the
customary managers of the Company and its subsidiaries to participate in “road show” presentations to potential investors). 
 6.3.3. Selection of Underwriters and Counsel. The underwriters and legal counsel to be retained in connection with any Public Offering shall be selected by the Board or, in the case of an offering following a
request therefor under Section 6.1.1, the Majority Investors. 
 6.3.4. Lock-Up. In connection with each Public
Offering each holder of Shares agrees to become bound by and to execute and deliver such lock-up agreement with the underwriter(s) of such Public Offering restricting such holder’s right to (a) Transfer, directly or indirectly, any shares
of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for such Common Stock or (b) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another any of the economic consequences of ownership of Common Stock, as
is entered into by the Majority Investors with the underwriter(s) of such Public Offering, or, in the case of a demand registration pursuant to Section 6.1 in which the Majority Investors are not participating, as may be entered into by the
Initiating Investor with respect to such demand registration. Notwithstanding the foregoing, such lock-up agreement shall not apply to (i) transactions relating to shares of Common Stock or other securities acquired in open market transactions
after the completion of the Initial Public Offering, (ii) Transfers to a Permitted Transferee of such holder in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, or (iii) conversions of shares of Common Stock into other classes of Common Stock
without change of holder. 
  

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 6.4. Indemnification and Contribution. 
 6.4.1. Indemnities of the Company. In the event of any registration of any Registrable Securities or other debt or equity
securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries under the Securities Act pursuant to this Section 6 or otherwise, and in connection with any registration statement or any other disclosure document produced by or on behalf of the Company or
any of its subsidiaries including reports required and other documents filed under the Exchange Act, and other documents pursuant to which any debt or equity securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries are sold (whether or not for the
account of the Company or its subsidiaries), the Company will, and hereby does, and will cause each of its subsidiaries, jointly and severally, to indemnify and hold harmless each holder of Registrable Securities, any Person who is or might be
deemed to be a controlling Person of the Company or any of its subsidiaries within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, their respective direct and indirect partners, advisory board members,
directors, officers, trustees, members and shareholders, and each other Person, if any, who controls any such holder or any such controlling Person within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act
(each such person being referred to herein as a “Covered Person”), against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect thereof), joint or several, to which such Covered Person may be or become
subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, any other securities or other law of any jurisdiction, the common law or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect thereof) arise out
of or are based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained or incorporated by reference in any registration statement under the Securities Act, any preliminary prospectus or final prospectus
included therein, or any related summary prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any document incorporated by reference therein, or any other such disclosure document (including without limitation reports and other documents filed
under the Exchange Act and any document incorporated by reference therein) or other document or report, (ii) any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading or (iii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of any federal, state, foreign or common law rule or regulation applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries and relating to
action or inaction in connection with any such registration, disclosure document or other document or report, and will reimburse such Covered Person for any legal or any other expenses incurred by it in connection with investigating or defending any
such loss, claim, damage, liability, action or proceeding; provided, however, that neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries shall be liable to any Covered Person in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage,
liability, action or proceeding arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in such registration statement, any such preliminary prospectus, final prospectus, summary
prospectus, amendment or supplement, incorporated document or other such disclosure document or other document or report, in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company or to any of its subsidiaries through an
instrument duly executed by such Covered Person specifically stating that it is for use in the preparation thereof. The indemnities of the Company and of its subsidiaries contained in this Section 6.4.1 shall remain in full force and effect
regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of such Covered Person and shall survive any transfer of securities. 
  

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 6.4.2. Indemnities to the Company. The Company and any of its subsidiaries may
require, as a condition to including any securities in any registration statement filed pursuant to this Section 6, that the Company and any of its subsidiaries shall have received an undertaking satisfactory to it from the prospective seller
of such securities, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and any of its subsidiaries, each director of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, each officer of the Company or any of its subsidiaries who shall sign such registration statement
and each other Person (other than such seller), if any, who controls the Company and any of its subsidiaries within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act and each other prospective seller of such
securities with respect to any statement in or omission from such registration statement, any preliminary prospectus, final prospectus or summary prospectus included therein, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any other disclosure document
(including reports and other documents filed under the Exchange Act or any document incorporated therein) or other document or report, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to
the Company or any of its subsidiaries through an instrument executed by such seller specifically stating that it is for use in the preparation of such registration statement, preliminary prospectus, final prospectus, summary prospectus, amendment
or supplement, incorporated document or other document or report. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Company, any of its subsidiaries or any such director, officer or
controlling Person and shall survive any transfer of securities. 
 6.4.3. Contribution. If the indemnification
provided for in Sections 6.4.1 or 6.4.2 hereof is unavailable to a party that would have been entitled to indemnification pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 6.4 (an “Indemnitee”) in respect of any
losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect thereof) referred to therein, then each party that would have been an indemnifying party thereunder shall, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnitee, contribute to the amount
paid or payable by such Indemnitee as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect thereof) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of such indemnifying party on the one
hand and such Indemnitee on the other in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect thereof). The relative fault shall be determined by reference
to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by such indemnifying party or such Indemnitee and the
parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The parties agree that it would not be just or equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 6.4.3 were
determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in the preceding sentence. The 
  

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 amount paid or payable by a contributing party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities
(or actions or proceedings in respect thereof) referred to above in this Section 6.4.3 shall include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Indemnitee in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. No
Person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. 
 6.4.4. Limitation on Liability of Holders of Registrable Securities. The liability of each holder of Registrable Securities in
respect of any indemnification or contribution obligation of such holder arising under this Section 6.4 shall not in any event exceed an amount equal to the net proceeds to such holder (after deduction of all underwriters’ discounts and
commissions) from the disposition of the Registrable Securities disposed of by such holder pursuant to such registration. 
 7. REMEDIES. 
 7.1. Generally. The Company and each holder of Shares shall have all remedies available at law, in equity or otherwise in the event of any breach
or violation of this Agreement or any default hereunder by the Company or any holder of Shares. The parties acknowledge and agree that in the event of any breach of this Agreement, in addition to any other remedies which may be available, each of
the parties hereto shall be entitled to specific performance of the obligations of the other parties hereto and, in addition, to such other equitable remedies (including preliminary or temporary relief) as may be appropriate in the circumstances.

 7.2. Deposit. Without limiting the generality of Section 7.1, if any holder of Shares fails to deliver to the purchaser
thereof the certificate or certificates evidencing Shares to be Sold pursuant to Section 4 hereof, such purchaser may, at its option, in addition to all other remedies it may have, deposit the purchase price for such Shares with any national
bank or trust company having combined capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of One Hundred Million Dollars ($100,000,000) (the “Escrow Agent”) and the Company shall cancel on its books the certificate or certificates
representing such Shares and thereupon all of such holder’s rights in and to such Shares shall terminate. Thereafter, upon delivery to such purchaser by such holder of the certificate or certificates evidencing such Shares (duly endorsed, or
with stock powers duly endorsed, for transfer, with signature guaranteed, free and clear of any liens or encumbrances, and with any transfer tax stamps affixed), such purchaser shall instruct the Escrow Agent to deliver the purchase price (without
any interest from the date of the closing to the date of such delivery, any such interest to accrue to such purchaser) to such holder. 
 8. LEGENDS.

 8.1. Restrictive Legend. Each certificate representing Shares shall have the following legend endorsed conspicuously thereupon:

 The voting of the shares of stock represented by this certificate, and the sale, encumbrance or other disposition thereof,
are subject to the provisions of a Stockholders 
  

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 Agreement to which the issuer and certain of its stockholders are party, a copy of which may be inspected
at the principal office of the issuer or obtained from the issuer without charge. 
 Each certificate representing Investor Shares shall also
have the following legend endorsed conspicuously thereupon: 
 The shares of stock represented by this certificate were
originally issued to, or issued with respect to shares originally issued to, the following Investor:                     . 
 Each certificate representing Other Investor Shares shall also have the following legend endorsed conspicuously thereupon: 
 The shares of stock represented by this certificate were originally issued to, or issued with respect to shares originally issued to, the
following Other Investor:                     . 
 Each certificate representing Management Shares shall also have the following legend endorsed conspicuously thereupon: 
 The shares of stock represented by this certificate were originally issued to, or issued with respect to shares originally issued to, the following Manager:
                    . 
 Each
certificate representing Trust Shares shall also have the following legend endorsed conspicuously thereupon: 
 The shares of
stock represented by this certificate were originally issued to, or issued with respect to shares originally issued to, the trustee for the trust formed by the Trust Agreement for the Houghton Mifflin Holdings, Inc. 2003 Deferred Compensation Plan
dated as of January 28, 2003 as amended from time to time, and are subject to the terms and conditions of such Trust Agreement. 
 Any
person who acquires Shares which are not subject to all or part of the terms of this Agreement shall have the right to have such legend (or the applicable portion thereof) removed from certificates representing such Shares. 
 8.2. 1933 Act Legends. Each certificate representing Shares shall have the following legend endorsed conspicuously thereupon: 
 The securities represented by this certificate were issued in a private placement, without registration under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended (the “Act”), and may not be sold, assigned, pledged or otherwise transferred in the absence of an effective registration under the Act covering the transfer or an opinion of counsel, satisfactory to the issuer, that
registration under the Act is not required. 
 8.3. Stop Transfer Instruction. The Company will instruct any transfer agent not to
register the Transfer of any Shares until the conditions specified in the foregoing legends are satisfied. 
  

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 8.4. Termination of 1933 Act Legend. The requirement imposed by Section 8.2 hereof shall
cease and terminate as to any particular Shares (a) when, in the opinion of Ropes & Gray or other counsel reasonably acceptable to the Company, such legend is no longer required in order to assure compliance by the Company with the
Securities Act or (b) when such Shares have been effectively registered under the Securities Act or transferred pursuant to Rule 144. Wherever (x) such requirement shall cease and terminate as to any Shares or (y) such Shares shall be
transferable under paragraph (k) of Rule 144, the holder thereof shall be entitled to receive from the Company, without expense, new certificates not bearing the legend set forth in Section 8.2 hereof. 
 9. AMENDMENT, TERMINATION, ETC. 
 9.1. Oral
Modifications. This Agreement may not be orally amended, modified, extended or terminated, nor shall any oral waiver of any of its terms be effective. 
 9.2. Written Modifications. This Agreement may be amended, modified, extended or terminated, and the provisions hereof may be waived, only by an agreement in writing signed by the Company, HM LLC, HM Finance,
Holdings, HMC, Publishing, and the Majority Investors; provided, however, that (a) the consent of the Majority Other Investors shall be required for any amendment, modification, extension, termination or waiver which has a
material adverse effect on the rights of the holders of Other Investor Shares as such under this Agreement, (b) the consent of the Majority Managers shall be required for any amendment, modification, extension, termination or waiver which has a
material adverse effect on the rights of the holders of Management Shares as such under this Agreement, and (c) the consent of the Majority THL Investors, Majority Bain Investors or Majority Blackstone Investors, respectively, shall be required
for any amendment, modification, extension, termination or waiver which has a material adverse effect on the rights of the THL Investors, Bain Investors or Blackstone Investors, respectively, as such, or has a disproportionate material adverse
effect on any of the Bain Investors, THL Investors or Blackstone Investors, respectively, that is disproportionate to the number of Shares held by such Investor. Each such amendment, modification, extension, termination and waiver shall be binding
upon each party hereto and each holder of Shares subject hereto. In addition, each party hereto and each holder of Shares subject hereto may waive any right hereunder by an instrument in writing signed by such party or holder. 
 9.3. Effect of Termination. No termination under this Agreement shall relieve any Person of liability for breach prior to termination. 

10. DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Agreement: 
 10.1.
Certain Matters of Construction. In addition to the definitions referred to or set forth below in this Section 10: 
 (i) The words “hereof”, “herein”, “hereunder” and words of similar import shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular Section or provision of this Agreement, and reference to a particular
Section of this Agreement shall include all subsections thereof; 
  

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 (ii) The word “including” shall mean including, without limitation; 

(iii) Definitions shall be equally applicable to both nouns and verbs and the singular and plural forms of the terms defined; and

 (iv) The masculine, feminine and neuter genders shall each include the other. 
 10.2. Definitions. The following terms shall have the following meanings: 
 “Acquisition” shall have the meaning set forth in the Recitals. 
 “Acquisition Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the Recitals. 
 “Adverse Claim” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8-302 of the applicable Uniform Commercial Code. 
 “Affiliate” shall mean, with respect to any specified Person, (a) any other Person which directly or indirectly through one or more
intermediaries controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such specified Person (for the purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlling,” “controlled
by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any Person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the
ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise) and (b) with respect to any natural Person, any Member of the Immediate Family of such natural Person. 
 “Affiliated Fund” shall mean, with respect to each holder of Shares, each corporation, trust, limited liability company, general or limited partnership or other entity under common control with any
such holder. 
 “Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble. 
 “Bain Director” shall mean a member of the Board of Directors designated by one or more Bain Investors. 
 “Bain Investors” shall mean the holders from time to time of Investor Shares originally issued to or issued with respect to Shares
originally issued to or held by Bain Capital Integral Investors, LLC, Bain Capital VII Coinvest Fund, LLC and BCIP TCV, LLC. 
 “Best
Offer” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.4.2.2. 
 “Best Offer Notice” shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 4.4.2.2. 
 “Blackstone Director” shall mean a member of the Board of Directors designated by one or
more Blackstone Investors. 
  

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 “Blackstone Investors” shall mean from time to time the holders of Shares originally
issued to or issued with respect to Investor Shares originally issued to or held by Blackstone Capital Partners III Merchant Banking Fund L.P., Blackstone Family Investment Partnership III L.P. and Blackstone Offshore Capital Partners III L.P.

 “Board” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1. 
 “Change of Control” shall mean (a) any change in the ownership of the capital stock of the Company if, immediately after giving
effect thereto, any Person (or group of Persons acting in concert) other than the Investors and their Affiliates will have the direct or indirect power to elect a majority of the members of the Board or (b) any change in the ownership of the
capital stock of the Company if, immediately after giving effect thereto, the Investors and their Affiliates shall own less than 25% of the Equivalent Shares. 
 “Charitable Organization” shall mean a charitable organization as described by Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as in effect from time to time. 
 “Class A Stock” shall mean the Class A Common Stock, par value $.001 per share of the Company, which may from time to time be
divided into classes, including the Class A-1 Common Stock, Class A-2 Common Stock, Class A-3 Common Stock, Class A-4 Common Stock, Class A-5 Common Stock, Class A-6 Common Stock, Class A-7 Common Stock,
Class A-8 Common Stock, Class A-9 Common Stock, Class A-10 Common Stock, Class A-11 Common Stock, Class A-12 Common Stock and Class A-13 Common Stock. 
 “Class L Stock” shall mean the Class L Common Stock, par value $.001 per share, of the Company. 
 “Closing” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1.1. 
 “Commission” shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission. 
 “Common Stock” shall mean the common stock of the Company including without limitation the Class A Stock and the Class L
Stock. 
 “Company” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble. 
 “Convertible Securities” shall mean any evidence of indebtedness, shares of stock (other than Common Stock) or other securities (other
than Options and Warrants) which are directly or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock, excluding interests of Managers in the Trust or Plan. 
 “Cost” shall mean, for any security, the price paid to the issuer for such security. 
 “Covered Person” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.4.1. 
 “Drag Along Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.2.1. 
  

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 “Drag Along Sale Percentage” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.2.

 “Drag Along Sellers” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.2.1. 
 “Equivalent Shares” shall mean, at any date of determination, (a) as to any outstanding shares of Common Stock, such number of
shares of Common Stock and (b) as to any outstanding Options, Warrants or Convertible Securities which constitute Shares, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock for which or into which such Options, Warrants or Convertible Securities may
at the time be exercised, converted or exchanged (or which will become exercisable, convertible or exchangeable on or prior to, or by reason of, the transaction or circumstance in connection with which the number of Equivalent Shares is to be
determined). 
 “Escrow Agent” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.2. 
 “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as in effect from time to time. 
 “Fair Market Value” shall mean, as of any date, as to any share of Common Stock, the Board’s good faith determination of the fair
value of such share as of the applicable reference date. 
 “First Offer Holder” shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 4.4.1. 
 “First Offer Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.4.2.3. 
 “First Offer Purchaser” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.4.2.3. 
 “HM Finance, Inc.” shall have the meaning set forth in the Recitals. 
 “HM LLC” shall have the meaning set forth in the Recitals. 
 “Holdings” shall have the meaning set forth in the Recitals. 
 “Indemnitee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.4.3. 
 “Initial First Offer Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.4.2.1. 
 “Prospective First Offer Purchaser” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.4.2.1. 
 “Initial Public Offering” means the initial Public Offering registered on Form S-1 (or any successor form under the Securities
Act). 
 “Initial Public Offering Time” shall mean the time of the initial sale of shares of Class A Common Stock
(taking into account any subdivision, increase, combination or reclassification of the Company’s Common Stock in connection with the public offering) of the Company pursuant to an initial public offering of such shares registered with the
Securities Exchange Commission and immediately prior to any transfer of beneficial ownership of such shares in such offering. 
  

 - 32 - 








 “Initiating Investors” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.1.1.

 “Investor Group” shall mean any of the Bain Investors, the THL Investors and the Blackstone Investors. 
 “Investor Shares” shall mean (a) all shares of Common Stock originally issued to, or issued with respect to shares originally
issued to, or held by, an Investor, whenever issued, including all shares of Common Stock issued upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of any Options, Warrants or Convertible Securities and (b) all Options, Warrants and Convertible
Securities originally granted or issued to or held by an Investor (treating such Options, Warrants and Convertible Securities as a number of Shares equal to the number of Equivalent Shares represented by such Options, Warrants and Convertible
Securities for all purposes of this Agreement except as otherwise specifically set forth herein). 
 “Investors” shall have
the meaning set forth in the Preamble. 
 “Issuance” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5. 
 “Majority Bain Investors” shall mean, as of any date, the holders of a majority of the Shares held by the Bain Investors. 
 “Majority Blackstone Shares” shall mean, as of any date, the holders of a majority of the Shares held by the Blackstone Investors.

 “Majority Investors” shall mean, as of any date, the holders of a majority of the Investor Shares outstanding on such
date. 
 “Majority Managers” shall mean, as of any date, the holders of a majority of the Management Shares
outstanding on such date. 
 “Majority Other Investors” shall mean, as of any date, the holders of a majority of the Other
Investor Shares outstanding on such date. 
 “Majority Participating Investors” shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 6.1.2. 
 “Majority THL Investors” shall mean, as of any date, the holders of a majority of the Shares held by
the THL Investors. 
 “Management Shares” shall mean (a) all shares of Common Stock originally issued to, or issued
with respect to shares originally issued to, or held by, a Manager, whenever issued, including without limitation all shares of Common Stock issued upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of any Options, Warrants or Convertible Securities and
(b) all Options, Warrants and Convertible Securities originally granted or issued to a Manager (treating such Options, Warrants and Convertible Securities as a number of Shares equal to the number of Equivalent Shares represented by such
Options, Warrants and Convertible Securities for all purposes of this Agreement except (i) for purposes of Section 6 and (ii) as otherwise specifically set forth herein). For the avoidance of doubt, “Management Shares” shall
include all shares of Common Stock Transferred by the Trustee to a Manager pursuant to the Trust or Plan but shall not include the interests of Managers in the Trust or Plan). 
  

 - 33 - 








 “Managers” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble, and shall include any
Beneficiary (as such term is defined in the Plan) under the Plan who receives shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Plan. 
 “Members of the Immediate Family” shall mean, with respect to any individual, each spouse or child or other descendants (by birth or adoption) of such individual, each trust created solely for the benefit of one or more of
the aforementioned Persons and their spouses and each custodian or guardian of any property of one or more of the aforementioned Persons in his capacity as such custodian or guardian. 
 “Options” shall mean any options to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise directly acquire Common Stock, other than any such option held
by the Company or any right to purchase shares pursuant to this Agreement. 
 “Other Director” shall mean a member of the
Board of Directors designated by the Majority Investors, other than a Bain Director, THL Director or Blackstone Director. 
 “Other
Investor Shares” shall mean (a) all shares of Common Stock originally issued to, or issued with respect to shares originally issued to, or held by, an Other Investor, whenever issued, including without limitation all shares of Common
Stock issued upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of any Options, Warrants or Convertible Securities and (b) all Options, Warrants and Convertible Securities originally granted or issued to an Other Investor (treating such Options,
Warrants and Convertible Securities as a number of Shares equal to the number of Equivalent Shares represented by such Options, Warrants and Convertible Securities for all purposes of this Agreement except as otherwise specifically set forth
herein). 
 “Other Investors” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble. 
 “Other Securities” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.3. 
 “Participating Buyer” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.2.1. 
 “Participating Seller” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.1.2 and 4.2.1. 
 “Participation Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.1. 
 “Participation Offerees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.1. 
 “Participation Portion” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.1. 
 “Permitted Transferee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.1. 
  

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 “Person” shall mean any individual, partnership, corporation, company, association,
trust, joint venture, limited liability company, unincorporated organization, entity or division, or any government, governmental department or agency or political subdivision thereof. 
 “Plan” shall have the meaning set forth in the Recitals. 
 “Price Per Equivalent Share” shall mean the Board’s good faith determination of the price per Equivalent Share of any Convertible Securities or Options which are the subject of an Issuance
pursuant to Section 5 hereof. 
 “Pro Rata Portion” shall have the meaning given to it in Section 4.4.5 and 6.3.

 “Prospective Buyer” shall mean any Person proposing to purchase shares from a Prospective Selling Investor. 

“Prospective Selling Investor” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.1, 4.2 and 4.4. 
 “Prospective Subscriber” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.1. 
 “Public Offering” shall mean a public offering and sale of Common Stock for cash pursuant to an effective registration statement under
the Securities Act. 
 “Qualified Public Offering” shall mean a Public Offering (other than any Public Offering or sale
pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8 or comparable form) in which the aggregate price to the public of all such common stock sold in such offering in combination with the aggregate price to the public of all common stock sold in any
previous Public Offerings (other than any Public Offering or sale pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8 or comparable form) shall exceed $100,000,000. 
 “Registrable Investor Securities” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.1.1. 
 “Registrable Securities” shall mean (a) all shares of Class A Stock, (b) all shares of Class A Stock issuable upon conversion of Shares of Class L Stock, (c) all shares of Class A Stock
issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange of any Option, Warrant or Convertible Security and (d) all shares of Class A Stock directly or indirectly issued or issuable with respect to the securities referred to in clauses (a),
(b) or (c) above by way of stock dividend or stock split or in connection with a combination of shares, recapitalization, merger, consolidation or other reorganization, in each case constituting Shares. As to any particular Registrable
Securities, such shares shall cease to be Registrable Securities when (i) such securities shall have been Transferred in a Sale to which Section 4.1 or 4.2 apply (other than a sale to a First Offer Purchaser pursuant to Section 4.4),
(ii) a registration statement with respect to the sale of such securities shall have become effective under the Securities Act and such securities shall have been disposed of in accordance with such registration statement, (iii) such
securities shall have been Transferred pursuant to Rule 144, (iv) subject to the provisions of Section 8 hereof, such securities shall have been otherwise transferred, new certificates for them not bearing a legend 
  

 - 35 - 








 restricting further transfer shall have been delivered by the Company and subsequent disposition of them shall not
require registration of them under the Securities Act and such securities may be distributed without volume limitation or other restrictions on transfer under Rule 144 (including without application of paragraphs (c), (e) (f) and
(h) of Rule 144) or (v) such securities shall have ceased to be outstanding. 
 “Regulation D” shall mean
Regulation D under the Securities Act. 
 “Rule 144” shall mean Rule 144 under the Securities Act (or any successor Rule).

 “Rule 145 Transaction” shall mean a registration on Form S-4 pursuant to Rule 145 of the Securities Act (or any
successor Form or provision, as applicable). 
 “Sale” shall mean a Transfer for value. 
 “Sale Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.4.1. 
 “Securities Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as in effect from time to time. 
 “Shares” shall mean all Investor Shares, Other Investor Shares, Management Shares, and Trust Shares. 
 “Stockholders” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble. 
 “Subject Securities” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5. 
 “Subject Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.4. 
 “Tag Along Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.1.1. 
 “Tag Along Holder” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.1.1. 
 “Tag Along Sale Percentage” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.1.1. 
 “Tag Along Sellers” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.1.2. 
 “Trust” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble. 
 “Trust Shares” shall mean all shares of Common Stock held by the Trustee under the Trust. 
 “Trustee” shall have the meaning set forth in the Preamble. 
 “THL Director” means a member of
the Board of Directors designated by one ore more THL Investors. 
 “THL Investors” shall mean the holders from time to time
of Shares originally issued to or issued with respect to Shares originally issued to or held by Thomas H. Lee Equity Fund V, 
  

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 L.P., Thomas H. Lee Parallel Fund V, L.P., Thomas H. Lee Equity (Cayman) Fund V, L.P., Putnam Investments
Holdings, L.P., Putnam Investments Employees’ Securities Company I, LLC, Putnam Investments Employees Securities Company II, LLC, 1997 Thomas W. Lee Nominee Trust and Thomas H. Lee Investors Limited Partnership. 
 “Transfer” shall mean any sale, pledge, assignment, encumbrance or other transfer or disposition of any Shares to any other Person,
whether directly, indirectly, voluntarily, involuntarily, by operation of law, pursuant to judicial process or otherwise. 
 “Warrants” shall mean any warrants to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise directly acquire Common Stock. 
 11. MISCELLANEOUS.

 11.1. Authority; Effect. Each party hereto represents and warrants to and agrees with each other party that the execution and
delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized on behalf of such party and do not violate any agreement or other instrument applicable to such party or by which its assets are bound.
This Agreement does not, and shall not be construed to, give rise to the creation of a partnership among any of the parties hereto, or to constitute any of such parties members of a joint venture or other association. Each of HMC and Publishing
shall be jointly and severally liable for all obligations of the Company pursuant to this Agreement. 
 11.2. Notices. Any notices and
other communications required or permitted in this Agreement shall be effective if in writing and (a) delivered personally, (b) sent by facsimile, or (c) sent (i) by Federal Express, DHL or UPS or (ii) by registered or
certified mail, postage prepaid, in each case, addressed as follows: 
  

			
	If to the Company, to it:
		
		 	Houghton Mifflin Holdings, Inc.
		 	222 Berkeley Street
		 	Boston, MA 02116
		 	Facsimile: 1-617-351-5014
		 	Attention: Paul D. Weaver,
		 	Senior Vice President and General Counsel
	
	If to a Bain Investor, to it:
		
		 	c/o Bain Capital LLC
		 	111 Huntington Avenue
		 	Boston, MA 02199
		 	Facsimile 1-617-516-2010
		 	Attention: Mark Nunnelly

  

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	If to a THL Investor, to it:
		
		  	c/o Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P.
		  	75 State Street
		  	Boston, MA 02109
		  	Facsimile 1-617-227-3514
		  	Attention: Scott Sperling
	
	If to a Blackstone Investor, to it:
		
		  	c/o The Blackstone Group.
		  	345 Park Avenue
		  	New York, NY 10154
		  	Facsimile: 1-212-583-5712
		  	Attention: Robert L. Friedman
	
	If to the Trustee, to it:
		
		  	Houghton Mifflin Holdings, Inc.
		  	222 Berkley Street
		  	Boston, MA 02116
		  	Facsimile: 1-617-351-1106
		  	Attention: Gerald T. Hughes, Vice President Human Resources
	
	In each case with a copy to:
		
		  	Ropes & Gray
		  	One International Place
		  	Boston, Massachusetts 02110
		  	Facsimile: 1-617-951-7050
		  	Attention: R. Newcomb Stillwell

 If to an Other Investor or a Manager, to him at the address set forth in the stock record book of
the Company. 
 Notice to the holder of record of any shares of capital stock shall be deemed to be notice to the holder of such shares for
all purposes hereof. 
 Unless otherwise specified herein, such notices or other communications shall be deemed effective (a) on the
date received, if personally delivered, (b) on the date received if delivered by facsimile on a business day, or if not delivered on a business day, on the first business day thereafter, (b) two business days after being sent by Federal
Express, DHL or UPS, and (c) three business days after deposit with the U.S. Postal Service, if sent by registered or certified mail. Each of the parties hereto shall be entitled to specify a different address by giving notice as aforesaid to
each of the other parties hereto. 
 11.3. Binding Effect, Etc. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with
respect to its subject matter, supersedes all prior or contemporaneous oral or written agreements or discussions with respect to such subject matter, and shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective
heirs, representatives, successors and assigns. 
  

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 11.4. Descriptive Headings. The descriptive headings of this Agreement are for convenience of
reference only, are not to be considered a part hereof and shall not be construed to define or limit any of the terms or provisions hereof. 
 11.5. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which taken together shall constitute one instrument. 
 11.6. Severability. In the event that any provision hereof would, under applicable law, be invalid or unenforceable in any respect, such provision
shall be construed by modifying or limiting it so as to be valid and enforceable to the maximum extent compatible with, and possible under, applicable law. The provisions hereof are severable, and in the event any provision hereof should be held
invalid or unenforceable in any respect, it shall not invalidate, render unenforceable or otherwise affect any other provision hereof. 
 11.7. Consent to Certain Indebtedness. The Investors hereby consent to the Company and its subsidiaries entering into and incurring indebtedness for borrowed money pursuant to the credit and security agreements set forth on
Schedule 2 attached hereto, which consent shall satisfy the Company’s obligation to obtain the consent of the Majority Investors for such transaction pursuant to Section 4.14 of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation.
Notwithstanding the foregoing consent, the Company and its subsidiaries shall not amend any such credit or security agreements without the prior written consent of the Majority Investors. 
 12. GOVERNING LAW. 
 12.1. Governing Law. This
Agreement and all claims arising out of or based upon this Agreement or relating to the subject matter hereof shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the domestic substantive laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to any
choice or conflict of laws provision or rule that would cause the application of the domestic substantive laws of any other jurisdiction. 
 12.2. Consent to Jurisdiction. Each party to this Agreement, by its execution hereof, (a) hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the State of Delaware for the purpose
of any action, claim, cause of action or suit (in contract, tort or otherwise), inquiry, proceeding or investigation arising out of or based upon this Agreement or relating to the subject matter hereof, (b) hereby waives to the extent not
prohibited by applicable law, and agrees not to assert, and agrees not to allow any of its subsidiaries to assert, by way of motion, as a defense or otherwise, in any such action, any claim that it is not subject personally to the jurisdiction of
the above-named courts, that its property is exempt or immune from attachment or execution, that any such proceeding brought in one of the above-named courts is improper, or that this Agreement or the subject matter hereof or thereof may not be
enforced in or by such court and (c) hereby agrees not to commence or maintain any action, claim, cause of action or suit (in contract, tort or otherwise), inquiry, proceeding or investigation 
  

 - 39 - 








 arising out of or based upon this Agreement or relating to the subject matter hereof or thereof other than before one of
the above-named courts nor to make any motion or take any other action seeking or intending to cause the transfer or removal of any such action, claim, cause of action or suit (in contract, tort or otherwise), inquiry, proceeding or investigation to
any court other than one of the above-named courts whether on the grounds of inconvenient forum or otherwise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that any party hereto is or becomes a party in any litigation in connection with which it may
assert indemnification rights set forth in this agreement, the court in which such litigation is being heard shall be deemed to be included in clause (a) above. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any party to this Agreement may commence and
maintain an action to enforce a judgment of any of the above-named courts in any court of competent jurisdiction. Each party hereto hereby consents to service of process in any such proceeding in any manner permitted by Delaware law, and agrees that
service of process by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, at its address specified pursuant to Section 11.2 hereof is reasonably calculated to give actual notice. 
 12.3. WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY APPLICABLE LAW WHICH CANNOT BE WAIVED, EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY WAIVES AND COVENANTS
THAT IT WILL NOT ASSERT (WHETHER AS PLAINTIFF, DEFENDANT OR OTHERWISE) ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY FORUM IN RESPECT OF ANY ISSUE OR ACTION, CLAIM, CAUSE OF ACTION OR SUIT (IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE), INQUIRY, PROCEEDING OR INVESTIGATION
ARISING OUT OF OR BASED UPON THIS AGREEMENT OR THE SUBJECT MATTER HEREOF OR IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH OR RELATED OR INCIDENTAL TO THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, IN EACH CASE WHETHER NOW EXISTING OR HEREAFTER ARISING. EACH PARTY HERETO
ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT HAS BEEN INFORMED BY THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO THAT THIS SECTION 12.3 CONSTITUTES A MATERIAL INDUCEMENT UPON WHICH THEY ARE RELYING AND WILL RELY IN ENTERING INTO THIS AGREEMENT. ANY PARTY HERETO MAY FILE AN ORIGINAL COUNTERPART
OR A COPY OF THIS SECTION 12.3 WITH ANY COURT AS WRITTEN EVIDENCE OF THE CONSENT OF EACH SUCH PARTY TO THE WAIVER OF ITS RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY. 
 12.4. Exercise of Rights and Remedies. No delay of or omission in the exercise of any right, power or remedy accruing to any party as a result of any breach or default by any other party under this Agreement shall impair any such
right, power or remedy, nor shall it be construed as a waiver of or acquiescence in any such breach or default, or of any similar breach or default occurring later; nor shall any such delay, omission nor waiver of any single breach or default be
deemed a waiver of any other breach or default occurring before or after that waiver. 
 [Signature pages follow] 
  

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 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the undersigned has duly executed this Agreement (or caused this Agreement to
be executed on its behalf by its officer or representative thereunto duly authorized) under seal as of the date first above written. 
  

					
	The Company:	 	HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HOLDINGS, INC.
			
		 	By:	 	 /s/ Stephen C. Richards

		 	Name:	 	Stephen C. Richards
		 	Title:	 	 Executive Vice President, Chief Operating
 Officer and
Chief Financial Officer










					
	HM LLC:	 	HOUGHTON MIFFLIN, LLC
			
		 	By:	 	 /s/ Stephen C. Richards

		 	Name:	 	Stephen C. Richards
		 	Title:	 	 Executive Vice President, Chief Operating
 Officer and
Chief Financial Officer










					
	HM FINANCE:	 	HOUGHTON MIFFLIN FINANCE, INC.
			
		 	By:	 	 /s/ Stephen C. Richards

		 	Name:	 	Stephen C. Richards
		 	Title:	 	 Executive Vice President, Chief Operating
 Officer and
Chief Financial Officer










					
	HOLDINGS:	 	HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HOLDINGS, INC.
			
		 	By:	 	 /s/ Stephen C. Richards

		 	Name:	 	Stephen C. Richards
		 	Title:	 	 Executive Vice President, Chief Operating
 Officer and
Chief Financial Officer










					
	HMC:	 	HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
			
		 	By:	 	 /s/ Stephen C. Richards

		 	Name:	 	Stephen C. Richards
		 	Title:	 	 Executive Vice President, Chief Operating
 Officer and
Chief Financial Officer










					
	PUBLISHING:	 	HM PUBLISHING CORP.
			
		 	By:	 	 /s/ Stephen C. Richards

		 	Name:	 	Stephen C. Richards
		 	Title:	 	 Executive Vice President, Chief Operating
 Officer and
Chief Financial Officer










					
	THE TRUSTEE	 	By:	 	 /s/ Gerald T. Hughes

		 		 	Gerald T. Hughes as trustee under the trust formed by the Trust Agreement for the Houghton Mifflin Holdings, Inc. 2003 Deferred Compensation Plan dated January 28, 2003, as
amended









					
	THE INVESTORS:	 	BAIN CAPITAL INTEGRAL INVESTORS, LLC
			
		 	By:	 	 /s/ Mark E. Nunnelly

		 	Name:	 	Mark E. Nunnelly
		 	Title:	 	Managing Director
		
		 	BAIN CAPITAL VII COINVESTMENT FUND, LLC
			
		 	By:	 	 Bain Capital VII Coinvestment Fund, L.P.,
 it sole
member

		 	By:	 	 Bain Capital Partners VII, L.P.,
 its general
partner

		 	By:	 	 Bain Capital Investors, LLC,
 its general
partner

			
		 	By:	 	 /s/ Mark E. Nunnelly

		 	Name:	 	Mark E. Nunnelly
		 	Title:	 	Managing Director
		
		 	BCIP TCV, LLC
			
		 	By:	 	Bain Capital Investors, LLC
			
		 	By:	 	 /s/ Mark E. Nunnelly

		 	Name:	 	Mark E. Nunnelly
		 	Title:	 	Managing Director









			
	THOMAS H. LEE EQUITY FUND V, L.P.
		
	By:	 	THL Equity Advisors V, LLC, its general partner
	By:	 	Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P., its sole member
	By:	 	Thomas H. Lee Advisors, LLC, its general partner
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Scott Sperling

	Name:	 	Scott Sperling
	Title:	 	Managing Director
	
	THOMAS H. LEE PARALLEL FUND V, L.P.
		
	By:	 	THL Equity Advisors V, LLC, its general partner
	By:	 	Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P., its sole member
	By:	 	Thomas H. Lee Advisors, LLC, its general partner
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Scott Sperling

	Name:	 	Scott Sperling
	Title:	 	Managing Director
	
	THOMAS H. LEE EQUITY (CAYMAN) FUND V, L.P.
		
	By:	 	THL Equity Advisors V, LLC, its general partner
	By:	 	Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P., its sole member
	By:	 	Thomas H. Lee Advisors, LLC, its general partner
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Scott Sperling

	Name:	 	Scott Sperling
	Title:	 	Managing Director










			
	1997 THOMAS H. LEE NOMINEE TRUST
		
	By:	 	U.S. Bank, N.A. (successor to State Street Bank and Trust Company), not personally but solely under a Trust Agreement dated as of August 18, 1997 and known as the Thomas H. Lee Nominee
Trust
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Paul Allen

	Name:	 	Paul Allen
	Title:	 	Vice President










			
	 THOMAS H. LEE INVESTORS LIMITED
 PARTNERSHIP

		
	By:	 	THL Investment Management Corp., its general partner
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Seth Lawry

	Name:	 	Seth Lawry
	Title:	 	Vice President










			
	PUTNAM INVESTMENTS HOLDINGS, LLC
		
	By:	 	 /s/ Robert Burns

	Name:	 	Robert Burns
	Title:	 	Managing Director
	
	 PUTNAM INVESTMENTS EMPLOYEES’
 SECURITIES COMPANY I LLC

		
	By:	 	 /s/ Robert Burns

	Name:	 	Robert Burns
	Title:	 	Managing Director
	
	 PUTNAM INVESTMENTS EMPLOYEES’
 SECURITIES COMPANY II LLC

		
	By:	 	 /s/ Robert Burns

	Name:	 	Robert Burns
	Title:	 	Managing Director










					
	 BLACKSTONE CAPITAL PARTNERS III
 MERCHANT BANKING FUND L.P.

		
	By:	 	Blackstone Management Associates III L.L.C., its general partner
			
		 	By:	 	 /s/ Robert L. Friedman

		 	Name:	 	Robert L. Friedman
		 	Title:	 	Member
	
	 BLACKSTONE OFFSHORE CAPITAL
 PARTNERS III L.P.

		
	By:	 	Blackstone Management Associates III L.L.C., its general partner
			
		 	By:	 	 /s/ Robert L. Friedman

		 	Name:	 	Robert L. Friedman
		 	Title:	 	Member
	
	 BLACKSTONE FAMILY INVESTMENT
 PARTNERSHIP III L.P.

		
	By:	 	Blackstone Management Associates III L.L.C., its general partner
			
		 	By:	 	 /s/ Robert L. Friedman

		 	Name:	 	Robert L. Friedman
		 	Title:	 	Member










			
	MANAGERS	 	
		
		 	 /s/ Sally Baer
  

		 	Sally Baer
		
		 	 /s/ Anita Constant

		 	Anita Constant
		
		 	 /s/ Soma Coulibaly

		 	Soma Coulibaly
		
		 	  

		 	Susan Cowden
		
		 	  

		 	Larry Hoce
		
		 	  

		 	Gerald Hughes (individually)
		
		 	  

		 	Theresa Kelly









			
	MANAGERS	 	
		
		 	 /s/ C. Edward Kennedy

		 	C. Edward Kennedy
		
		 	  

		 	James Kennedy
		
		 	  

		 	Mary Anne Kennedy
		
		 	 /s/ Jerome Lalin

		 	Jerome Lalin
		
		 	  

		 	Clifford Manko
		
		 	  

		 	Kirby Mansfield
		
		 	  

		 	Bridget Marmion









			
	MANAGERS	 	
		
		 	 /s/ Eileen McCrossan

		 	Eileen McCrossan
		
		 	 /s/ Ian McCurrach

		 	Ian McCurrach
		
		 	 /s/ Sylvia Metayer

		 	Sylvia Metayer
		
		 	 /s/ Christine Miller

		 	Christine Miller
		
		 	  

		 	Lois Novotny
		
		 	  

		 	Rita Schaeffer
		
		 	  

		 	Susan Schaffrath









			
	MANAGERS	 	
		
		 	  

		 	Marie Schappert
		
		 	  

		 	Sue Schultz
		
		 	  

		 	David Serbun
		
		 	 /s/ Ray Shepard

		 	Ray Shepard
		
		 	  

		 	Janet Silver
		
		 	  

		 	June Smith
		
		 	 /s/ Marilyn Stevens

		 	Marilyn Stevens
		
		 	  

		 	Iwan Streichenberger









			
	MANAGERS	 	
		
		 	  

		 	Alice Sullo
		
		 	  

		 	Patricia Tutunjian
		
		 	 /s/ Garret White

		 	Garret White
		
		 	  

		 	Alison Zetterquist








 Schedule 1 
 Investor Share Holdings* 
  

					
	 Investor
	  	 Class A Common Stock
 (Number and Class)
	  	 Class L
 Common Stock

	 Bain Capital VII Coinvestment Fund, LLC
	  	65,475.00 A-2 shares	  	 7,275.0000 L shares

			
	 Bain Capital Integral Investors, LLC
	  	178,792.30 A-3 shares	  	 19,446.1290 L shares

			
	 BCIP TCV, LLC
	  	1,732.70 A-3 shares	  	 612.2043 L shares

			
	 Thomas H. Lee Equity Fund V, L.P.
	  	189,615.98 A-4 shares	  	 21,068.4422 L shares

			
	 Thomas H. Lee Parallel Fund V, L.P.
	  	49,197.75 A-5 shares	  	 5,466.4162 L shares

			
	 Thomas H. Lee Equity (Cayman) Fund V, L.P.
	  	2,612.65 A-6 shares	  	 290.2940 L shares

			
	 Putnam Investments Holdings, LLC
	  	1,481.05 A-7 shares	  	 164.5613 L shares

			
	 Putnam Investments Employees’ Securities Company I LLC
	  	1,273.04 A-7 shares	  	141.4493 L shares
			
	 Putnam Investments Employees Securities Company II LLC
	  	1,136.65 A-7 shares	  	126.2940 L shares
			
	 1997 Thomas H. Lee Nominee Trust
	  	449.55 A-7 shares	  	49.9503 L shares
			
	 Thomas H. Lee Investors Limited Partnership
	  	233.33 A-7 shares	  	25.9259 L shares
			
	 Blackstone Capital Partners III Merchant Banking Fund L.P.
	  	102,635.51 A-8 shares	  	11,403.9450 L shares
			
	 Blackstone Offshore Capital Partners III L.P.
	  	19,442.00 A-9 shares	  	2,160.2217 L shares
			
	 Blackstone Family Investment Partnership III L.P.
	  	922.50 A-9 shares	  	102.5000 L shares
			
	Trustee	  		  	
	 Gerald T. Hughes as trustee under the trust for the Company’s 2003 Deferred Compensation Plan
	  	3,372.50 A-10 shares	  	374.7224 L shares









					
	 Manager Shares
	  		  	
	 Marie Schappert
	  	85.00 A-10 shares	  	0.0000 L shares
			
	 Anita Constant
	  	23.76 A-10 shares	  	2.6400 L shares
			
	 Garret White
	  	94.09 A-10 shares	  	10.4550 L shares
			
	 Jerome Lalin
	  	78.00 A-10 shares	  	0.0000 L shares
			
	 Ian McCurrach
	  	104.55 A-10 shares	  	11.6167 L shares
			
	 Christine M. Miller
	  	22.81 A-10 shares	  	2.5337 L shares
			
	 Sylvia Metayer
	  	263.19 A-10 shares	  	29.2430 L shares
			
	 Soma Coulibaly
	  	58.55 A-10 shares	  	6.5054 L shares
			
	 C. Edward Kennedy
	  	35.92 A-10 shares	  	3.9912 L shares
			
	 Eileen M. McCrossan
	  	21.15 A-10 shares	  	2.3495 L shares
			
	 Ray Shepard
	  	10.00 A-10 shares	  	1.1111 L shares
			
	 Marilyn Stevens
	  	31.36 A-10 shares	  	3.4850 L shares



	*	This Schedule 1 was updated to reflect shares held as of June 5, 2006. 








 Schedule 2 
 Approved Credit Documents 
  

	1.	Indenture, dated as of March 15, 1994, between HMC and the First National Bank of Boston, regarding the 7.20% Senior Secured Notes, as supplemented. 


 

	2.	Indenture, dated as of January 30, 2003, between HMC and Wells Fargo Bank Minnesota, N.A., regarding the 9.875% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2013. 

  

	3.	Indenture, dated as of January 30, 2003, between HMC and Wells Fargo Bank Minnesota, N.A., regarding the 8.250% Senior Notes due 2011. 

  

	4.	Indenture, dated as of October 3, 2003, between Publishing and Wells Fargo Bank Minnesota, N.A. regarding the 11.5% Senior Discount Notes due 2013. 

  

	5.	Indenture, dated as of May 9, 2006, between HM LLC, HM Finance and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, regarding the Floating Rate Senior PIK Notes due 2011.


  

	6.	Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of March 5, 2003, as amended by the Amendment, dated as of October 3, 2003 among Publishing, HMC, Holdings,
and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, as Administrative Agent, by and among Holdings, HMC, certain lenders named therein, CIBC World Markets Corp. and Goldman Sachs Credit Partners L.P. as Joint Lead Arrangers adn Joint Bookrunners, Goldman Sachs
Credit Partners L.P. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as Co-Syndication Agents, and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Trustee, Fleet Securities Inc., and Bank One, N.A. as Co-Documentation Agents, and
General Electric Capital Corporation, as Senior Managing Agent. 

  

	7.	Second Amendment to the Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of November 22, 2005. 

  

	8.	Pledge and Security and Collateral Trust Agreement , dated as of December 30, 2002, between Versailles Acquisition Corporation (n/k/a Holdings) and Canadian Imperial Bank of
Commerce. 

  

	9.	Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of December 30, 2002, between Versailles U.S. Holding Inc. (n/k/a Holdings) and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce.