# Patent

## Title
Set top boxes under test

## Abstract

A system for testing multiple set top boxes independently and simultaneously using different types of device probes is disclosed. The system includes real-time, bi-directional/asynchronous communication and interaction between system components.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is related to patent application entitled, “Core Testing Machine,” by Samant Kumar et al., and to patent application entitled, “Universal Device Testing Interface,” by Samant Kumar et al., and to patent application entitled, “Universal Device Testing System,” by Samant Kumar et al., and to patent application entitled, “Cable Modems/eMTAs Under Test,” by Samant Kumar et al., and to patent application entitled, “Wireless Routers Under Test,” by Samant Kumar et al., and to patent application entitled, “Hardware Architecture for Universal Testing System: Cable Modem Test,” by Samant Kumar et al., and to patent application entitled, “Hardware Architecture for Universal Testing System: Wireless Router Test,” by Samant Kumar et al., and to patent application entitled, “Test Sequences Using Universal Testing System”, and each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention is directed to a system for testing devices.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a high-level system architecture for testing devices, according to certain embodiments.
FIG. 2 illustrates some of the testing components and the interaction between the testing components, according to certain embodiments.
FIG. 3 illustrates a sample architecture that includes the testing components, according to certain embodiments.
FIG. 4 illustrates a set top box under test, according to certain embodiments.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Methods, systems, user interfaces, and other aspects of the invention are described. Reference will be made to certain embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the embodiments, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to these particular embodiments alone. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents that are within the spirit and scope of the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
Moreover, in the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the invention may be practiced without these particular details. In other instances, methods, procedures, components, and networks that are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art are not described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the present invention.
According to certain embodiments, an innovative system can test a set of devices simultaneously. Further, such a testing system is capable of testing disparate devices simultaneously.
According to certain embodiments, such a testing system provides a separate set of interfaces for each device that is under testing of the set of devices. Further, such a system is designed to be adaptive by being extendable for testing new devices with corresponding new testing interfaces without fundamentally changing the core architecture of the testing system. As a non-limiting example, the testing system includes a core testing subsystem with a user interface and asynchronous communication among the system components such that new types of devices and new tests can be added and executed in a seamless fashion.
According to certain embodiments, the user interface can communicate through web sockets with the universal tester. Such communication is in real-time, bi-directional and asynchronous so that the user can control and monitor the testing of multiple devices simultaneously and independently of each other using the same universal tester.
According to certain embodiments, the testing system is capable of testing a set of similar types of devices or a set of disparate devices.
According to certain embodiments, a testing solution system can be a three layer implementation. The number of layers may vary from implementation to implementation. FIG. 1 illustrates a high-level system architecture for testing devices, according to certain embodiments. FIG. 1 shows a test bench browser interface 102 that is in communication with a web-socket 104, that is, in turn, in communication with a core testing processor 106. According to certain embodiments, the communication between the test bench browser 102, web-socket 104 and core testing processor 106 can be a TCP/IP communication. As a non-limiting example, the web browser is used as a user interface that communicates through web-sockets with the core testing processor. As a non-limiting example, communication may be in the form of JSON messages using TCP/IP protocol, according to certain embodiments. JSON is Java script object notation for transmitting data between the server and web applications.
FIG. 2 illustrates some of the testing components and the interaction between the testing components, according to certain embodiments. FIG. 2 shows a user interface 202, web-sockets 204, a core testing processor 206, database 208, test configuration modules 210, testing environmental modules 212, a plurality of probes (214, 216, 218) to connect the devices under test (DUT) to the core testing processor 206, and a speed test module 220, according to certain embodiments. Speed testing is used for evaluating the performance of the Wifi and other media network connection and accessibility of the device under test. FIG. 2 shows as non-limiting examples, a Wifi probe 214, an Ethernet local area network (LAN) probe 216 and a MOCA probe 218. In other words, according to certain embodiments, various probes can be included such as a wireless local area network (WLAN) probe, an Ethernet wide area network (WAN) probe, a multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA) WAN probe, a MoCA LAN probe and a wireless probe via antenna. According to certain embodiments, servers and other components in the testing system may be distributed over a plurality of computers.
According to certain embodiments, core testing processor 206 loads and reads files from test configuration modules 210 and test environmental modules 212 to initialize various components of the testing system. When the system is ready to begin testing after the initialization process, the system notifies a user that is using the testing system to test one or more devices (DUTs) of the readiness of the testing system. The user installs each device (DUT) of the set of DUTs that are to be tested on the test bench and the serial number of each DUT is scanned. The core testing processor 206 receives the serial number information of each DUT and using the serial number, retrieves further information associated with each DUT based on the serial number from database 208, according to certain embodiments. The core testing processor 206 dynamically loads test configuration information 210 and test environment information 212 based on device information such as make, model etc of a given DUT. After the test configuration and test environment information are loaded, the core testing processor 206 begins executing the various tests corresponding to each DUT so that the set of DUTs can be tested simultaneously. Each test may correspond to underlying testing modules associated with Wifi, LAN, WAN or MoCA etc, interfaces of the DUT and such modules can be executed locally, remotely or at the device.
According to certain embodiments, the test configuration information identifies the test modules and corresponding testing scripts that are to be executed by the core testing processor 206 at run time. The core testing processor 206 also provides the test results and other feedback information to the user via the browser user interface 202 and web sockets 204. Further, the user can send user input and requests to the system through the browser user interface 202 and web sockets 204.
According to certain embodiments, core testing processor 206 determines the success or failure of a given test based on the test configuration parameters and output results of the testing. Further, upon failure of a given test, core testing processor 206 may continue further testing or halt test execution based on test configuration parameters, according to certain embodiments.
Upon completion of the relevant tests, a success message can be sent to the user via the browser user interface 202 and web sockets 204. Even though the DUTs in the set of DUTs are tested simultaneously, the user does not have to wait until all the DUTs in the set have been completed to begin installing other devices that need testing. Further, the testing of the devices need not be started at the same time. Soon after the testing is completed for a given DUT, the tested DUT may be uninstalled from its slot in the test bench and a new DUT can be installed in its slot so that testing can begin for the newly installed device.
According to certain embodiments, the test results can be stored locally and/or pushed to the cloud so that the results can be viewed remotely from any location. Further, the test results can be aggregated. According to certain embodiments, aggregated data includes data combined from several data measurements. Summary reports can be generated from such aggregated data. Non-limiting examples of summary reports include charts and graphs that display information on all the DUTs or at least a subset of the DUTs. Thus, the summary reports generated from the aggregated data can provide an overview of the testing information and characteristics of the DUTs. The aggregated data can reveal trends and other related information associated with the DUTs. Further, the aggregated data can include user-level data, access account activity, etc. According to certain embodiments, the testing system includes a billing system to charge for the testing services for each device.
FIG. 3 illustrates a sample architecture that includes the testing components of a universal tester, according to certain embodiments. FIG. 3 shows a browser user interface or operator dashboard 302, a test controller 304, a universal tester 306 and a device under test (DUT) 308. There may be multiple devices under testing simultaneously but only one device under test is shown for convenience in FIG. 3.
According to certain embodiments, browser user interface or operator dashboard 302 may include information 310 associated with each device under test. The information 310 can include DUT serial number 311, and testing progress information 312. Browser user interface or operator dashboard 302 may also include user command function buttons 314 and drop down menus (not shown in FIG. 3). According to certain embodiments, the user can configure slot details (e.g., port numbers, IP address for the slot, etc), configure testing preferences such as push to cloud, export to billing, etc.
According to certain embodiments, test controller 304 may include a universal tester webserver 316 that is in communication (e.g., TCP/IP) with a universal tester database 318. A billing process within the controller (not shown in FIG. 3) may be in communication with a billing service or application (not shown in FIG. 3). As a non-limiting example, database 318 can be a SQL database. Database 318 can store information associated with each slot in the test bench. As non-limiting examples, database 318 can store for each slot, test details, test history, test logs, DUT information (e.g., DUT serial number, model name, etc), testing preferences/configuration, user interface details/preferences/configuration, billing information, cloud push information, MSO/customer information (media subscriber organization), OEM (original equipment manufacturer) information, slot information, user information, and any persistent data needed by the universal device testing system for running tests.
According to certain embodiments, universal tester 306 may include web sockets 320 that are in communication (e.g., TCP/IP) with browser user interface or operator dashboard 302 and core testing processor 324. According to certain embodiments, core testing processor 324 is in communication with test controller 304 (e.g., TCP/IP) and in communication (e.g., Telnet/SSH secure shell) with probes/containers (328, 330, . . . , 332, 334). Core testing processor 324 is also in communication with configuration modules 322 (e.g., testing and environment configuration). Non-limiting examples of probes include Wifi probe 328, LAN probe 330, MoCA probe 332 and WAN probe 334. There may be other types of probes including MoCA WAN probe, MoCA LAN probe and other types of wireless probes besides Wifi probes depending on the characteristics of the device being tested.
According to certain embodiments, Wifi probe 328, LAN probe 330, MoCA probe 332 and WAN probe 334 communicate with the respective device under test through the relevant ports on the device such as Wifi port 336, LAN port 338, MoCA port 340 and WAN port 342. Core testing processor 324 executes the relevant configured tests for the respective DUT. Status and test results can be sent to the user's dashboard (using JSON format messages as a non-limiting example) via the web-sockets.
Non-limiting examples of devices under test (DUTs) include set top boxes, cable modems, embedded multimedia terminal adapters, and wireless routers including broadband wireless routers for the home or for commercial networks.
FIG. 4 illustrates a testing architecture for a set top box under test, according to certain embodiments. As previously explained, multiple similar or disparate devices can be tested simultaneously and independently of each other using the same universal tester. Thus, multiple set top boxes can be tested simultaneously and independently of each other using the same universal tester, along with other types of devices using the same universal tester. For purposes of simplicity only one set top box is shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 shows a universal tester 404 and set top box 402, which is the device under test for this specific case. Universal tester 404 includes a plurality of virtualization containers (probes) for communicating with corresponding interfaces of set top box 402. For example, the core testing processor of the universal tester (as described herein) uses the HDMI (high definition multimedia interface) probe/container 406b to test the HDMI interface 406a of set top box 402. Similarly, audio/video probe/container 408b can be used to test the audio/video interface 408a of set top box 402. Another audio/video probe/container 410b can be used to test the Coax TV Output interface 410a of set top box 402. IR (infra red) probe/container 412b can be used to test the IR interface 412a of set top box 402. CATV coax probe/container 416b can be used to test the Coax interface 416a of set top box 402. The associated core testing processor executes the relevant configured tests for the set top box 402. Status and test results can be sent to the user's dashboard (using JSON format messages as a non-limiting example) via the web-sockets.
According to certain embodiments, when executing a specific test for a given DUT, the core testing processor loads and reads test configuration information (for example from an XML structure) and identifies the relevant test script that needs to be executed. Inputs that are needed for executing the relevant test script are retrieved and supplied as inputs to the relevant test script. The following is a non-limiting sample script.
Create DUT object & Environment Object
Verify Serial Number
Verify Warranty
Check Report Server
Check DUT Staging
Checks for DUT Serial number in Database or Webservice
Get DUT Readiness Information
Checks Webservice for test readiness status of DUT in the test process
Configure Container Environment
Clear Environment Temp Files
Analyze DUT for Factory Reset
Checks ability to login to DUT
Asks operator to manually Factory Reset if unable to login
Confirm Factory Reset (if needed)
Waits for operator to confirm that DUT was factory reset and booted up properly
Check Ethernet LAN connections to DUT
Ping connections: Eth LAN 1, 2, 3, 4
Fails if any ping to these connections fail
Detect DUT
Checks connection to DUT through socket connection
Reset Password
Operator scans password which is stored temporarily for use in the remainder of test until finished
Login to GUI
Done through web-scraping
Get DUT Information and compare values
Information retrieved through web-scraping
Enable Telnet
Enables telnet on DUT through web-scraping
Factory Reset
Factory resets DUT through telnet command
Enable Telnet after Factory Reset
Enables telnet on DUT through web-scraping
Confirm Power, WAN Ethernet, and Internet LEDs
Confirm all LAN Ethernet LEDs
Confirm WiFi LED
Configure Wireless Network
Through telnet commands
Sets N Mode
Enables Privacy
Sets WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)
Removes WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
Assigns WiFi Channel to DUT (channel different by slot)
[Channel 1: slots 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16]
[Channel 6: slots 2, 5, 8, 11, 14]
[Channel 11: slots 3, 6, 9, 12, 15]
Verifies changes through GUI
Disables WiFi once done through telnet
Check Firmware Version and Upgrade Firmware (if needed)
Firmware version: 40.21.18
Cage Closed Confirmation Check
Asks Operator to Close Door on Cage
Connect Wireless Card
Waits on shared Resource Server (located on TC) for Resource L2 (Layer 2) Lock

    
    
        Lock waiting timeout: 600 sec
        All L2 Locks are able to run in parallel but not when any L3 (Layer 3) Lock is running
    
    


Obtains Lock
Enables WiFi through telnet
Set WiFi Card

    
    
        Total Retries allowed: 6 (2 sets of 3 retries)
    
    


Ping WiFi from DUT
L2 ARP Test on WiFi: must receive 10/10 ARP packets

    
    
        Total Retries allowed: 6 (2 sets of 3 retries)
    
    


If either Set WiFi Card or L2 ARP Test Fail after its 3 retries, Ask Operator to Check Antennas
Performs one more retry in full (set of 3 retries each for Set WiFi Card and L2 ARP Wifi Test) after Check Antennas
Disables WiFi through telnet
Releases Lock
Wireless to LAN Ethernet Speed Test
Waits on shared Resource Server (located on TC) for Resource L3 Lock

    
    
        Lock waiting timeout: 1800 sec
        L3 Locks must be run one at a time and when no L2 Lock is running
    
    


Obtains Lock
Enables WiFi through telnet
Connects WiFi Card
Iperf3 Speed Test, 5 seconds for UDP Speed Test, 7 seconds for TCP Speed Test, Sending 200 Mbps Bandwidth
Bandwidth must be greater than 60 Mbps on TCP (Reverse) or 70 Mbps on UDP (Forward)

    
    
        If Fail after 2 retries, ask operator to Check Antennas
        Retries up to 2 times more if still Fail
        Therefore, Total Retries allowed: 4 (2 sets of 2 retries)
    
    


Runs sudo iwlist wlan0 scan and returns all Wireless Signals seen

    
    
        Results parsed to print all visible SSIDs and its matching Signal level
    
    


Disables WiFi through telnet
Releases Lock
Confirm WPS LED
Confirm LAN Coax LED
Confirm USB 1+2 LEDs
Configure WAN MoCA
Confirm WAN Coax LED
Ping WAN MoCA
L2 Test on LAN Ethernet
Arp Test from Eth LAN 1 to Eth LAN 2, 3, 4
Must receive 10/10 on all LAN connections
LAN Ethernet to LAN Ethernet Speed Test
From Eth LAN 1 to Eth LAN 2, 3, 4
Iperf3 Speed Test, 5 seconds Reverse and Forward, Sending 1200 Mbps Bandwidth
Bandwidth must be greater than 700 Mbps
Total Retries allowed: 2
Check WAN and LAN MoCA Data Rates
Rx and Tx Data rates for both WAN and LAN MoCA retrieved through telnet
All Rates must be greater than 180 Mbps
LAN Ethernet to WAN MoCA FTP Speed Test
From Eth LAN 1 to WAN MoCA
Iperf3 Speed Test, 5 seconds Reverse and Forward, Sending 1200 Mbps Bandwidth
Bandwidth must be greater than 60 Mbps
Total Retries allowed: 2
LAN MoCA to LAN Ethernet FTP Speed Test
From Eth LAN 1 to LAN MoCA
Iperf3 Speed Test, 5 seconds Reverse and Forward, Sending 240 Mbps Bandwidth
Bandwidth must be greater than 60 Mbps
Total Retries allowed: 2
LAN MoCA to WAN MoCA FTP Speed Test
From LAN MoCA to WAN MoCA
Iperf3 Speed Test, 5 seconds Reverse and Forward, Sending 240 Mbps Bandwidth
Bandwidth must be greater than 60 Mbps
Total Retries allowed: 2
Enable WAN Ethernet
Through telnet command
LAN Ethernet to WAN Ethernet FTP Speed Test
From Eth LAN 1 to Eth WAN
Iperf3 Speed Test, 5 seconds Reverse and Forward, Sending 1200 Mbps Bandwidth
Bandwidth must be greater than 700 Mbps
Total Retries allowed: 2
Clear Persistent Logs
Final Factory Restore
According to certain embodiments, the core testing processor uses a reflection and command design pattern to invoke the relevant configured script(s) corresponding to each DUT being tested. For example, in the command design pattern one or more of the following are encapsulated in an object: an object, method name, arguments. According to certain embodiments, the core testing processor uses the Python “reflection” capability to execute the relevant test scripts for a given DUT. The core testing processor is agnostic of the inner workings of the relevant test scripts for a given DUT.
According to certain embodiments, lightweight software containers (virtualization containers) are used to abstract the connection of probes to the different DUT interfaces in order to avoid conflicts. Non-limiting examples of virtualization containers are Linux containers. As a non-limiting example, Linux container is an operating-system-level virtualization environment for running multiple isolated Linux systems (containers) on a single Linux control host. In other word, lightweight virtualization containers are used to ensure isolation across servers. By using virtualization containers, resources can be isolated, services restricted, and processes provisioned to have an almost completely private view of the operating system with their own process ID space, file system structure, and network interfaces. Multiple virtualization containers share the same kernel, but each virtualization container can be constrained to only use a defined amount of resources such as CPU, memory and I/O. The relevant test script might need to connect to the DUT interfaces directly or through the virtualization containers to execute the tests. The core testing processor receives the test results from running the relevant test scripts. The core testing processor can further process and interpret such results and can also send the results to the user's browser via web sockets. According to certain embodiments, the respective core testing processors are in communication (e.g., Telnet/SSH secure shell) with the virtualization containers (there may be multiple virtualization containers). The virtualization containers (probes) are in communication with corresponding DUT interfaces using Telnet/SSH/TCP/UDP/HTTP/HTTPS etc, as non-limiting examples.
According to certain embodiments, a system for testing a plurality of devices comprises: a universal tester; at least one test controller; a plurality of sets of testing probes; and a plurality of web sockets; wherein:
the plurality of devices includes a plurality of set top boxes;
the universal tester is enabled for communication with a platform independent user interface through the plurality of web sockets;
the plurality of sets of testing probes comprising:

    
    
        at least one HDMI probe for testing a corresponding HDMI interface of a set top box of the plurality of set top boxes;
        at least one audio video probe for testing a corresponding audio video interface of the set top box of the plurality of set top boxes;
        at least one audio video probe for testing a corresponding coax TV output interface of the set top box of the plurality of set top boxes;
        at least one IR probe for testing a corresponding IR interface of the set top box of the plurality of set top boxes;
        at least one CATV coax probe for testing a corresponding coax interface of the set top box of the plurality of set top boxes; and
    
    


the plurality of web sockets enable real-time bi-directional and asynchronous communication between the platform independent user interface and the universal tester for simultaneously testing the plurality of devices under test by the universal tester.
According to certain embodiments, the real-time bi-directional and asynchronous communication of the plurality of web sockets enable a user to control the testing of the plurality of devices simultaneously but asynchronously and independently of each other using the universal tester.
According to certain embodiments, the plurality of devices installed in the universal tester for purposes of simultaneous testing comprise a set of disparate devices.
According to certain embodiments, the plurality of devices installed in the universal tester for purposes of simultaneous testing comprise a set of similar devices.
According to certain embodiments, the testing system is adaptable to augmenting the test controller, the plurality of web sockets, the user interface and the plurality of sets of testing probes to accommodate testing of new types of devices.
In the foregoing specification, embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to numerous specific details that may vary from implementation to implementation. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

## Claims

1. A system for testing a plurality of devices, the system comprising:
a universal tester;
at least one test controller;
a plurality of sets of testing probes; and
a plurality of web sockets;
wherein,
the plurality of devices includes a plurality of set top boxes;
the universal tester is enabled for communication with a platform independent user interface through the plurality of web sockets;
the plurality of sets of testing probes comprises:
at least one HDMI probe for testing a corresponding HDMI interface of a set top box of the plurality of set top boxes;
at least one audio/video probe for testing a corresponding audio/video interface of the set top box of the plurality of set top boxes;
at least one audio/video probe for testing a corresponding coax TV output interface of the set top box of the plurality of set top boxes;
at least one IR probe for testing a corresponding IR interface of the set top box of the plurality of set top boxes;
at least one CATV coax probe for testing a corresponding coax interface of the set top box of the plurality of set top boxes; and

the plurality of web sockets enables real-time bi-directional and asynchronous communication between the platform independent user interface and the universal tester for simultaneously testing the plurality of devices by the universal tester.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the real-time bi-directional and asynchronous communication of the plurality of web sockets enable a user to control testing of the plurality of devices simultaneously but asynchronously and independently of each other using the universal tester.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of devices installed in the universal tester for purposes of simultaneous testing comprises a set of disparate devices.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of devices installed in the universal tester for purposes of simultaneous testing comprises a set of similar devices.

5. The system of claim 1, further being adaptable to augmenting the at least one test controller, the plurality of web sockets, the user interface and the plurality of sets of testing probes to accommodate testing of new types of devices.