UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 19-1882

HO WON JEONG,

 Plaintiff - Appellant,

v.

ANGEL CABRERA; S. DAVID WU; KEVIN AVRUCH,

 Defendants - Appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at 

Alexandria. Anthony John Trenga, District Judge. (1:18-cv-00443-AJT-TCB)

Submitted: March 12, 2020 Decided: March 25, 2020

Before FLOYD, THACKER, and RUSHING, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

Richard F. Hawkins, III, THE HAWKINS LAW FIRM, PC, Richmond, Virginia, for 

Appellant. Mark R. Herring, Attorney General, Toby J. Heytens, Solicitor General, 

Cynthia V. Bailey, Deputy Attorney General, Deborah A. Love, Senior Assistant Attorney 

General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF VIRGINIA, Richmond, Virginia; 

Brian Walther, University Counsel, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Eli S. Schlam, 

Associate University Counsel, Assistant Attorney General, Office of University Counsel, 

GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY, Fairfax, Virginia, for Appellees.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:

Ho Won Jeong appeals from the district court’s order denying his Fed. R. Civ. P. 

60(b)(3) motion for reconsideration of the dismissal of his complaint. The district court 

ruled that Jeong’s motion was untimely filed over eleven months after the district court’s 

order dismissing his suit. On appeal, Jeong asserts that, given his pro se status, the district 

court should have sought further information or held a hearing. We affirm.

Disposition of a Rule 60(b) motion is within the discretion of the district court, and 

such rulings will not be overturned absent an abuse of that discretion. McLawhorn v. John 

W. Daniel & Co., 924 F.2d 535, 538 (4th Cir. 1991). In addition, the rule provides a remedy 

that “is extraordinary and is only to be invoked upon a showing of exceptional 

circumstances.” Id. Jeong brought his motion under subsection (3) of Rule 60(b), which 

further requires a showing of fraud, misrepresentation, or misconduct of an adverse party.

In order to qualify for relief under Rule 60(b), the moving party must file the motion 

“within a reasonable time--and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) no more than a year after the 

entry of the judgment or order or the date of the proceeding.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(c)(1). 

Moreover, “the movant must make a showing of timeliness.” Werner v. Carbo, 731 F.2d 

204, 206-07 (4th Cir. 1984). We have held that “a Rule 60(b) motion is not timely brought 

when it is made three to four months after the original judgment and no valid reason is 

given for the delay.” McLawhorn, 924 F.2d at 538. Jeong’s motion was not filed until 

over eleven months after his complaint was dismissed.

A document filed pro se is to be liberally construed. Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 

89, 94 (2007). However, this solicitude does not transform the district court into an 
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advocate for the pro se litigant. United States v. Wilson, 699 F.3d 789, 797 (4th Cir. 2012). 

Here, Jeong did not address in district court the Appellees’ argument that he failed to 

provide any reason for his delay. In fact, even on appeal (represented by counsel), Jeong 

does not dispute that all the evidence underlying his Rule 60(b) motion was available to 

him when he (through counsel) was litigating the motion to dismiss the complaint. Jeong 

does not argue that his reasons for delay raised complicated factual or legal issues, and in 

any event, these reasons were strictly within Jeong’s knowledge. 

Appellees placed Jeong on notice that he needed to show that his motion was filed 

within a reasonable time, and Jeong simply failed to address the issue in any meaningful 

way. Given that Jeong had the opportunity to respond to a clearly delineated issue and that 

he neither did so nor requested further time or assistance, we find that the district court did 

not abuse its discretion in denying the Rule 60(b) motion without further inquiry or a 

hearing. Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s order. We dispense with oral argument 

because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this 

court and argument would not aid the decisional process.

AFFIRMED