J-S37004-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

LYNNETTE C. NORMAN

v.

LINWOOD H. NORMAN 

Appellant

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 969 EDA 2021

Appeal from the Order Entered April 19, 2021

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County 

Domestic Relations at No(s): 2010V7235

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., MURRAY, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, P.J.: FILED FEBRUARY 22, 2022

Linwood H. Norman appeals from the Final Protection from Abuse

(“PFA”) Order entered, at the behest of his sister, Lynette, on April 19, 2021.

Linwood and Lynette lived together in Lynette’s home until a physical 

altercation occurred on September 5, 2020. See N.T. 4/19/2021 at 11. 

Lynette later filed a Petition for Protection from Abuse on October 28, 2020.

A Temporary PFA Order was entered that day. A hearing was held on April 19, 

2021, at which time the trial court found that Lynette had met her burden of 

proof by showing that abuse had occurred and granted the PFA Petition. See 

id. at 43. A Final PFA Order was entered that day and is set to expire on April 

18, 2022. 

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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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Both parties appeared pro se at trial. Appellant filed a pro se motion to 

reconsider, which was denied. Appellant then retained counsel for appeal. 

Appellant’s counsel filed a Notice of Appeal and then, following the court’s 

Order, a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal. 

Appellant’s Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement outlined four points of issue to 

be raised on appeal. We include the issues here, as they are important to our 

analysis:

1. This Court erred and/or abused its discretion in granting the 

Petition for Protection of Abuse filed by Plaintiff in this matter 

and entering a Final Protection from Abuse Order in accordance 

therewith on April 19, 2021.

2. This Court erred and/or abused its discretion in granting the 

Petition for Protection of Abuse filed by Plaintiff in this matter 

and entering a Final Protection from Abuse Order in accordance 

therewith on April 19, 2021, since the facts, evidence and 

record in this matter do not warrant the grant of the subject 

Petition and entry of the subject Order of Court, and in light of 

the applicable statutes and/or case law.

3. This Court erred and/or abused its discretion in granting the 

Petition for Protection of Abuse filed by Plaintiff in this matter 

and entering a Final Protection from Abuse Order in accordance 

therewith on April 19, 2021, since the facts, evidence and 

record in this matter do not support a finding that Defendant 

committed acts of abuse as defined in 23 Pa. C.S.A. Section 

6102. 

4. This Court erred and/or abused its discretion in granting the 

Petition for Protection of Abuse filed by Plaintiff in this matter 

and entering a Final Protection from Abuse Order in accordance 

therewith on April 19, 2021, since the facts, evidence and 

record in this matter do not support a finding that Plaintiff was 

in reasonable fear of imminent serious bodily injury. 

Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal, 6/8/2021.

The trial court addressed Linwood’s issues in its Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) 

Opinion. The court found that Linwood had waived the first three issues 
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presented. See Trial Court Opinion, 7/14/2021 at 5. Relying on Pa.R.A.P. 

1925(b)(4)(ii), the court found Appellant’s first three issues so vague that the 

court could not discern Linwood’s intended arguments on appeal. See id. at 

6-8. Despite finding waiver of these issues, the trial court noted that Linwood 

did reference a correct statute in his third issue and guessed that he was 

attempting to make a sufficiency of the evidence claim. See id. at 8. 

The court assumed Linwood intended to argue the evidence was not 

sufficient to establish that he committed abuse as defined at 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 

6102(a). See id. at 9. The court explained that based on the evidence 

presented at trial of a physical fight in which Linwood threw Lynette into a wall 

and Lynette sustained injuries, the court found that Linwood intentionally 

caused Lynette to sustain bodily injury as defined in 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6102(a). 

See id. at 10. The court did not find Linwood’s conflicting evidence to be 

credible and did find Lynette’s corroborating evidence to be credible. See id. 

at 11. The court found Linwood’s fourth issue to be moot as it relied on a 

separate definition of abuse from the one the underlying the court’s finding. 

See id. at 12. 

Linwood’s brief reiterated the issues from his 1925(b) Statement in his 

Statement of the Questions Involved section. See Appellant’s Brief at 4.

However, in the Argument section of his brief, Linwood chose only to address 

his sufficiency of the evidence argument as alluded to in his third issue from 

his Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement and his Statement of the Questions Involved. 

See id. at 10-13. Then, Linwood’s brief veers into an argument not presented 
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in either his Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement or his Statement of the Questions 

Involved. See id. at 13-15. Appellant frames this argument as a separate 

subsection of his Argument section labeled:

B. The Trial Court erred as a matter of law and/or abused its 

discretion in granting the Petition for Protection of Abuse and 

entering a Final Protection from Abuse Order, since the facts, 

evidence and record in this matter do not warrant the grant of the 

subject Petition and entry of the subject Order of Court to bring 

about a cessation of abuse pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6108.

Appellant’s Brief at 13.

The trial court’s determination that Linwood’s first three issues in his 

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement are waived is supported by Pa.R.A.P. 

1925(b)(4)(ii). See Commonwealth v. Tyack, 128 A.3d 254, 260 (Pa. 

Super. 2015). However, because the trial court chose to address Linwood’s 

sufficiency of the evidence argument, we will address it. See Commonwealth 

v. Smith, 955 A.2d 391, 393 (Pa. Super. 2008) (en banc).

First, we note that when reviewing a PFA Order we examine the legal 

conclusions made by the trial court looking for an error of law or abuse of 

discretion. See K.B. v. Tinsley, 208 A.3d 123, 127 (Pa. Super. 2019). When 

faced with a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to issue a PFA Order 

we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the petitioner and give 

them the benefit of all reasonable inferences drawn from that evidence. See 

S.W. v S.F., 196 A.3d 224, 228 (Pa. Super. 2018). We must determine 

whether the evidence, viewed in this light, was sufficient to sustain the trial 
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court’s finding that the petitioner showed, by a preponderance of the 

evidence, that abuse occurred. See id.

Here, Linwood argues that the evidence is not sufficient to establish he 

committed abuse as defined in the PFA Act, 23 Pa. C.S.A. § 6102. The PFA Act 

defines abuse as:

The occurrence of one or more of the following acts between 

family or household members, sexual or intimate partners or 

persons who share biological parenthood: 

(1) Attempting to cause or intentionally, knowingly or 

recklessly causing bodily injury, serious bodily injury, rape, 

involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, sexual assault, 

statutory sexual assault, aggravated indecent assault, 

indecent assault or incest with or without a deadly weapon.

(2) Placing another in reasonable fear of imminent serious 

bodily injury.

(3) The infliction of false imprisonment pursuant to 18 

Pa.C.S. § 2903 (relating to false imprisonment).

(4) Physically or sexually abusing minor children, including 

such terms as defined in Chapter 63 (relating to child 

protective services).

(5) Knowingly engaging in a course of conduct or repeatedly 

committing acts toward another person, including following 

the person, without proper authority, under circumstances 

which place the person in reasonable fear of bodily injury. 

The definition of this paragraph applies only to proceeding 

commenced under this title and is in applicable to any 

criminal prosecutions commenced under Title 18 (relating to 

crimes and offenses). 

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6102(a).

The trial court found that Linwood committed abuse as defined in 23 

Pa.C.S.A. § 6102(a) under subsection for (1) for the definition of abuse, 
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determining that Appellant intentionally committed abuse causing Appellee 

bodily injury. See Trial Court Opinion, 7/14/21, at 11. Bodily injury is defined 

as “impairment of physical condition or substantial pain.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. §2301. 

Here, the trial court found the testimony of Lynette and her girlfriend to 

be “credible, consistent and corroborated by the physical evidence”. See Trial 

Court Opinion, 7/14/21, at 11. Lynette testified that Linwood threw her into 

a wall in her room. See N.T. 4/19/2021 at 13-14. While she did not seek 

treatment for her injuries, she stated that she suffered bruising on her arms 

and general soreness from being thrown into the wall. See id., at 15. The 

altercation left a dent in her wall and a crack in her doorframe. See id., at 17. 

In evaluating a sufficiency of the evidence of claim we defer to the 

determinations made by the trial court regarding the credibility of witnesses. 

See K.B. v. Tinsley, 208 A.3d 123, 128 (Pa. Super. 2019). The trial court 

here has left no question that it found Lynette and her witness credible and 

we have no discretion to re-weigh the evidence. See id. at 129. 

Finally, we must note that we are not able to consider Linwood’s 

argument regarding 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6108 that the PFA Order was not necessary 

for the cessation of the abuse. Linwood did not raise this issue in his Pa.R.A.P. 

1925(b) Statement and did not present or suggest it in his Statement of 

Questions Involved, therefore we are unable to consider it. See Pa.R.A.P. 

2116(a); see also Thomas v. Elash, 781 A.2d 170, 176-77 (Pa. Super. 

2001).
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Even if we were able to consider this argument, it lacks merit. Appellant 

attempts to argue that the Final PFA Order was unnecessary to stop the abuse 

because the abuse cited was a one-time incident. See Appellant’s Brief, at 13-

14. Abuse under the Protection from Abuse Act as defined in 23 Pa.C.S.A. §

6102(a) can be a course of conduct characterized by repeated acts, but it can 

also be a single instance of causing bodily injury or even the creation of fear 

of imminent injury. See Miller on Behalf of Walker v. Walker, 665 A.2d 

1252, 1255-1258 (Pa. Super. 1995).

As Linwood has failed to establish that the court erred in granting the 

PFA petition, we affirm the order.

Order affirmed. 

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 2/22/2022