# Patent

## Title
Bicycle rim

## Abstract

A bicycle rim is provided with an annular metallic rim member and reinforcing member. The annular metallic rim member has a plurality of spoke attachment areas with a spoke attachment opening in each of the spoke attachment areas. The reinforcing member extends circumferentially about the annular metallic rim member to overlie the spoke attachment areas of the annular metallic rim member. The reinforcing member has a plurality of spoke attachment sections overlying the spoke attachment areas, respectively, and a plurality of intermediate sections disposed between adjacent pairs of the spoke attachment sections, with the spoke attachment sections being thicker than the intermediate sections.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to a bicycle rim. More specifically, the present invention relates to a reinforced bicycle rim that has an annular metallic rim member with reinforcing resin material disposed around the spoke attachment openings.
2. Background Information
Bicycling is becoming an increasingly more popular form of recreation as well as a means of transportation. Moreover, bicycling has become a very popular competitive sport for both amateurs and professionals. Whether the bicycle is used for recreation, transportation or competition, the bicycle industry is constantly improving the various components of the bicycle. One component that has been extensively redesigned is the bicycle wheel. Bicycle wheels are constantly being redesigned to be strong, lightweight and more aerodynamic in design as well as to be simple to manufacture and assemble.
There are many different types of bicycle wheels, which are currently available on the market. Most bicycle wheels have a hub, a plurality of spokes and an annular rim. The hub is attached to a part of the frame of the bicycle for relative rotation. The inner ends of the spokes are coupled to the hub and extend outwardly from the hub. The annular rim is coupled to the outer ends of the spokes and has an outer portion for supporting a pneumatic tire thereon. Typically, the spokes of the bicycle wheel are thin metal wire spokes. The ends of the hub are usually provided with flanges that are used to couple the spokes to the hub. In particular, holes are provided in the hub flanges. The wire spokes are usually bent on their inner end and provided with a flange that is formed in the shape of a nail head. The inner end is supported in one of the holes in one of the hub flanges. The outer ends of the spokes typically are provided with threads for engaging spoke nipples, which secure the outer ends of the wire spokes within the spoke attachment holes in the rim.
Recently, bicycle wheels have been designed that have utilized spokes with higher tension between the rim and the hub to provide a more rigid wheel. When the tension in the spokes becomes very high, very strong rims are required. If the rim is made thicker over its entire circumference or a steel rim is used, then the rim may become undesirably heavy. Thus, several attempts have been made to create rims that are lightweight and can accommodate high tension spokes. One example of a bicycle rim that can accommodate high tension spokes is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,283,557, assigned to Shimano, Inc. The bicycle rim of this patent uses spokes that are attached to side surfaces of the rim by using special washers. While this rim works very well, it requires special washers that are attached to the ends of the spokes having bent ends. Several bicycle wheels have been developed that use straight spokes. These straight spokes are very strong and allow for higher tension to be used in the spokes. However, again, when the tension in the straight spokes becomes very high, then very strong rims are required. As a result, thicker and/or reinforced rims are needed when using straight spokes under high tension. Some of these reinforcements are welded or brazed to the rim, which can result in the physical properties of the rim being altered by the heat of the welding or brazing process. Thus, these thicker or reinforced rims are often heavy, difficult to manufacture and/or expensive to manufacture.
In view of the above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that there exists a need for an improved reinforced rim. This invention addresses this need in the art as well as other needs, which will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One object of the present invention is to provide a rim for a bicycle wheel that is relatively strong yet relatively lightweight.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a rim that is relatively simple and inexpensive to manufacture and assemble.
The foregoing objects can basically be attained by providing a bicycle rim that comprises an annular metallic rim member and a reinforcing member. The annular metallic rim member includes a plurality of spoke attachment areas with a spoke attachment opening in each of the spoke attachment areas. The reinforcing member extends circumferentially about the annular metallic rim member to overlie the spoke attachment areas of the annular metallic rim member. The reinforcing member includes a plurality of spoke attachment sections overlying the spoke attachment areas, respectively, and a plurality of intermediate sections disposed between adjacent pairs of the spoke attachment sections, with the spoke attachment sections being thicker than the intermediate sections.
The foregoing objects can also basically be attained by providing a bicycle rim forming method that comprises forming an annular metallic rim member and applying a reinforcing member extending circumferentially about the annular metallic rim member. The reinforcing member is arranged to overlie a plurality of spoke attachment areas of the annular metallic rim member such that the reinforcing member includes a plurality of spoke attachment sections overlying the spoke attachment areas, respectively, and a plurality of intermediate sections disposed between adjacent pairs of the spoke attachment sections, with the spoke attachment sections being thicker than the intermediate sections.
These and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses preferred embodiments of the present invention.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring now to the attached drawings which form a part of this original disclosure:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a bicycle with a front bicycle wheel and a rear bicycle wheel in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the front wheel illustrated in FIG. 1 in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the rear wheel illustrated in FIG. 1 in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial side elevational view of the metallic rim member of front rim for the front wheel illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, prior to application of the reinforcing member;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the metallic rim member of front rim for the front wheel illustrated in FIG. 4, as seen along section line 5-5 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a partial side elevational view of the metallic rim member of front rim for the front wheel illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, with the continuous circumferential part of the reinforcing member applied thereto, but prior to application of the individual segment parts of the reinforcing member;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the metallic rim member with the continuous circumferential part of the reinforcing member applied thereto illustrated in FIG. 6, as seen along section line 7-7 of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a partial side elevational view of the metallic rim member of front rim for the front wheel illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, with the continuous circumferential part of the reinforcing member applied thereto, after the excess material of the continuous circumferential part has been trimmed away, but prior to application of the individual segment parts of the reinforcing member;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the metallic rim member with the continuous circumferential part of the reinforcing member applied thereto illustrated in FIG. 8, as seen along section line 9-9 of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a partial side elevational view of the metallic rim member of front rim for the front wheel illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, with the continuous circumferential part of the reinforcing member and the inner segment parts of the reinforcing member applied thereto, but prior to application of the outer segment parts of the reinforcing member;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the metallic rim member with the continuous circumferential part of the reinforcing member and the inner segment parts of the reinforcing member applied thereto illustrated in FIG. 10, as seen along section line 11-11 of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a partial side elevational view of the front rim for the front wheel illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, with the continuous circumferential part of the reinforcing member, the inner segment parts and the outer segment parts of the reinforcing member applied thereto, but prior to removal of the excess material of the outer segment parts of the reinforcing member;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the front rim for the front wheel illustrated in FIG. 12, as seen along section line 13-13 of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a partial side elevational view of the front rim for the front wheel illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, with the continuous circumferential part of the reinforcing member, the inner segment parts and the outer segment parts of the reinforcing member applied thereto, after the excess material of the outer segment parts of the reinforcing member has been trimmed away;
FIG. 15 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the front rim for the front wheel illustrated in FIG. 14, as seen along section line 15-15 of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the front rim for the front wheel as seen along section line 16-16 of FIG. 2, showing one of the spokes attached to the front rim;
FIG. 17 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the rear rim for the rear wheel as seen along section line 17-17 of FIG. 3, showing one of the spokes attached to the rear rim;
FIG. 18 is an enlarged inside view an inner portion of the front or rear rim which shows one type of reinforcing resin material that includes epoxy with one or more carbon impregnated layers having ring shaped carbon fibers that are annularly arranged around a corresponding one of the spoke attachment openings;
FIG. 19 is an enlarged inside view an inner portion of the front or rear rim which shows one type of reinforcing resin material that includes epoxy with one or more carbon impregnated layers having carbon fibers that extend at least in one of a radial direction relative to a corresponding one of the spoke attachment openings and a tangential direction relative to the corresponding one of the spoke attachment openings; and
FIGS. 20A to 20J are a series of cross sectional views showing a preferred method of manufacturing the rims illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Selected embodiments of the present invention will now be explained with reference to the drawings. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the following descriptions of the embodiments of the present invention are provided for illustration only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Referring initially to FIG. 1, a bicycle 10 is illustrated with a front bicycle wheel 12 and a rear bicycle wheel 14 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. The bicycle wheels 12 and 14 are attached to a bicycle frame 16 in a conventional manner. Since the parts of the bicycle 10 are well known in the art, the parts of the bicycle 10 will not be discussed or illustrated in detail herein, except for the parts that relate to the present invention. In other words, only the parts related to the bicycle wheels 12 and 14 will be discussed and illustrated in detail herein. Moreover, various conventional bicycle parts such as brakes, additional sprockets, derailleurs, etc., which may or may not be illustrated herein, can be used in conjunction with the present invention.
Generally, the present invention is applied in the same manner to both of the bicycle wheels 12 and 14. Also some of the parts of the bicycle wheels 12 and 14 are identical or functionally identical (have the same function but are not exactly identical). For the sake of simplicity and convenience, the identical parts and functionally identical parts of the bicycle wheels 12 and 14 will be given the same reference numerals. Referring to FIG. 1, the front bicycle wheel 12 basically includes an annular rim 18a with a pneumatic tire 19a, a center hub 20a, and a plurality of spokes 21a extending between the center hub 20a and the annular rim 18a. Similarly, the rear bicycle wheel 14 basically includes an annular rim 18b with a pneumatic tire 19b, a center hub 20b, and a plurality of spokes 21b extending between the center hub 20b and the annular rim 18b. 
Referring to FIG. 2, the rim 18a is an annular member designed for rotation about a center axis Ca of the front bicycle wheel 12. In other words, the rim 18a is substantially circular as seen in side elevation (FIG. 2). Likewise, the rim 18b is an annular member designed for rotation about a center axis Cb of the rear bicycle wheel 14. In other words, the rim 18a is substantially circular as seen in side elevation (FIG. 3). The rim 18b of the rear bicycle wheel 14 is identical to the rim 18a of the front bicycle wheel 12, except that their cross-sectional profiles are different. In particular, the rim 18a of the front bicycle wheel 12 has the cross-sectional profile illustrated in FIG. 16, while the rim 18b of the rear bicycle wheel 14 has the cross-sectional profile illustrated in FIG. 16. In view of the similar construction of the rims 18a and 18b, only the rim 18a of the front bicycle wheel 12 will be discussed and illustrated in detail herein. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art form this disclosure that the construction of the rim 18a as discussed and illustrated herein applies to the construction of the rim 18b. 
The rim 18a basically includes an annular metallic rim member 23 with a reinforcing resin member 24 applied to the annular metallic rim member 23. The reinforcing resin member 24 is formed of a plurality of layers of fiber reinforced resin/plastic sheets to form a reinforced spoke attachment areas as discussed below.
As seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, the annular metallic rim member 23 is constructed of a substantially rigid material, such as those materials, which are well known in the art. For example, the annular metallic rim member 23 can be constructed of any suitable metallic material, such as plated steel, stainless steel, aluminum, magnesium or titanium. The annular metallic rim member 23 basically includes an annular tire attachment portion 26 adapted to have the tire 19a mounted thereon, a first annular side wall portion 27, a second annular side wall portion 28 and an inner annular wall portion 29 connecting the first and second annular side wall portions 27 and 28 with a plurality of spoke attachment openings 30 formed in the inner annular wall portion 29.
Basically, the annular metallic rim member 23 has a uniform cross-sectional profile about its entire circumference, except that material as been removed to form spoke access holes in the annular tire attachment portion 26 that are aligned with the spoke attachment openings 30, material has been removed to form a valve attachment hole in both the annular tire attachment portion 26 and the inner annular wall portion 29 to receive an air filling valve (not shown), and material as been removed from the inner annular wall portion to form the spoke attachment openings 30. In the illustrated embodiment, the wall portions 27, 28 and 29 are preferably constructed to be thinner than similar portions of non-reinforced metallic rims.
FIG. 5 illustrates the annular metallic rim member 23 before the reinforcing resin member 24 has been applied to the wall portions 27, 28 and 29 of the annular metallic rim member 23 (seen in FIGS. 6-15), and prior to widening the diameter of the spoke attachment openings 30 (seen in FIG. 16). The annular tire attachment portion 26 is an outer annular portion of the annular metallic rim member 23 that is configured and arranged to have the tire 19a mounted thereon in a conventional manner. The annular tire attachment portion 26 forms a substantially U-shaped tire receiving recess as seen in cross-section in FIG. 5. The tire attachment portion 26 also forms a pair of annular braking surfaces 26a. The tire attachment portion 26 has a pair of annular ribs 26b formed at its free ends to retain beads of the tire 19a in a conventional manner. The annular braking surfaces 26a face outwardly away from the center plane to engage conventional rim brakes. An annular connecting section 26c extends between the wall portions 27 and 28.
The wall portions 27, 28 and 29 is generally U-shaped in cross section with upper ends of the annular side wall portions 27 and 28 coupled to the annular connecting section 26c of the annular tire attachment portion 26 to form a hollow interior. Thus, the annular metallic rim member 23 is a tubular member. The spoke attachment openings 30 are evenly spaced about an innermost part of the circumference of the inner annular wall portion 29 for receiving the spokes 21a therein as best understood from FIG. 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the inner annular wall portion 29 has sixteen of the spoke attachment openings 30 in order to attach a total of sixteen of the spokes 21a thereto. Alternating ones of the spoke attachment openings 30 can be preferably slightly angled in opposite axial directions relative to a rim center plane so that the spokes 21a coupled thereto extend to opposite ends of the hub 20a. 
The reinforcing resin member 24 is attached to the annular metallic rim member 23 such that the reinforcing resin material continuously extends from the first annular side wall portion 27 across the inner annular wall portion 29 to the second annular side wall portion 28 to overlie exterior surface areas of the first and second annular side wall portions 27 and 28 and exterior surface areas of the inner annular wall portion 29 around the spoke attachment openings 30. The reinforcing resin member 24 effectively increases the thickness of the annular metallic rim member 23 about the entire circumference of the rim 18a to provide rigid reinforcement to the rim 18a. 
When the reinforcing resin member 24 is applied to the annular metallic rim member 23 the thickness of the inner annular wall portion 29 at the spoke attachment openings 30 is increased by a first amount to form a plurality of thick spoke attachment sections 31 and a second smaller amount in intermediate areas to form thinner intermediate sections 32 disposed between adjacent pairs of the spoke attachment sections 31. Thus, the reinforcing member 24 varies in thickness about the inner portion of the annular metallic rim member 23 so as to include a plurality of the thick spoke attachment sections 31 overlying the spoke attachment areas, respectively, and a plurality of the thinner intermediate sections 32 disposed between adjacent pairs of the thick spoke attachment sections 31 in an alternating manner. In other words, the spoke attachment sections 31 of the reinforcing resin member 24 are thicker than the intermediate sections 32 of the reinforcing resin member 24.
In particular, as seen in the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 7-16, the reinforcing resin member 24 basically includes a plurality of first resin sheets 41, a plurality of second resin sheets 42 and a plurality of third resin sheets 43. The first resin sheets 41 extend continuously about the entire circumference of the annular metallic rim member 23. Preferably, the first resin sheets 41 extend between the braking surfaces 26a such that the braking surfaces 26a are exposed (i.e., not covered by the first resin sheets 41). In other words, the first resin sheets 41 completely cover the exterior surface areas of the annular side wall portion 27 and 28 below the braking surfaces 26a and the exterior surface areas of the inner annular wall portion 29. The first resin sheets 41 are formed of a plurality of individually discrete sheets that are secured to the exterior surface areas of the annular side wall portion 27 and 28 below the braking surfaces 26a and the exterior surface areas of the inner annular wall.
The second resin sheets 42 are formed of a plurality of individually discrete sheets that are secured to the annular metallic rim member 23 at each of the spoke attachment openings 30 to overlie portions of the exterior surface areas of the annular side wall portion 27 and 28 and the exterior surface areas of the inner annular wall portion 29 at each of the spoke attachment openings 30. Specifically, the second resin sheets 42 are preferably rectangular sheets that measure 25 mm in the circumferential direction by 12 mm in the radial/axial direction, which are secured to the first resin sheets 41. Preferably the second resin sheets 42 are secured to the first resin sheets 41 after the first resin sheets 41 have been secured to the annular metallic rim member 23.
The third resin sheets 43 are similar to the second resin sheets 42, but are larger. The third resin sheets 43 are formed of a plurality of individually discrete sheets that are secured to the annular metallic rim member 23 at each of the spoke attachment openings 30 to overlie portions of the exterior surface areas of the annular side wall portion 27 and 28 and the exterior surface areas of the inner annular wall portion 29 at each of the spoke attachment openings 30. Specifically, the third resin sheets 43 are preferably rectangular sheets that measure 25 mm in the circumferential direction by 41 mm in the radial/axial direction, which are secured to the first and second resin sheets 41 and 42. Thus, the third resin sheets 43 are preferably larger than the second resin sheets 42. More specifically, the third resin sheets 43 are secured to the first resin sheets 41 in the areas where the third resin sheets 43 extend beyond the second resin sheets. Preferably the third resin sheets 43 are secured to the first and second resin sheets 41 and 42 after the first and second resin sheets 41 and 42 have been secured together and secured to the annular metallic rim member 23.
The first, second and third resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 form the spoke attachment sections 31 of the reinforcing member 24, while the first resin sheets 41 form the intermediate sections 32 of the reinforcing member 24. Accordingly, the reinforcing member 24 includes a reinforcing resin material that extends continuously in a circumferential direction about an entire circumferential area of the annular metallic rim member 23 with the thick sections spoke attachment sections 31 surrounding the areas about the spoke attachment openings 30.
In one example of the present invention, the reinforcing resin member 24 includes two of the first resin sheets 41 constituting a continuous circumferential part of the reinforcing member 24 having at least two individual reinforcing layers bonded together, sixteen of the second resin sheets 42 and six of the third resin sheets 43 constituting the spoke attachment sections 31 having a plurality of individual reinforcing layers bonded together over the continuous circumferential part at circumferentially spaced apart locations. In other words, the second resin sheets 42 and the third resin sheets 43 are a plurality of individual or discrete sections that are circumferentially spaced apart about the annular metallic rim member 23 that corresponds to the spoke attachment openings 30. Each of the individual sheets 42 and 43 of the reinforcing resin member 24 is preferably identical in construction, except for their sizes as mentioned above. Of course, the individual sections of the reinforcing resin member 24 can be slightly different if needed and/or desired for a particular application.
Preferably, the resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 are fiber reinforced resin/plastic sheets that include epoxy with one or more carbon fiber impregnated layers. The fiber impregnated resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 are melted together to form a plurality of integrated one-piece reinforcements. In the illustrated embodiment, the sheets 42 and 43 of the reinforcing resin member 24 preferably includes at least some of the carbon impregnated layers of the spoke attachment sections 31 with ring shaped fibers (FIG. 18) that are annularly arranged around a corresponding one of the spoke attachment openings 30.
Alternatively, the sheets 42 and 43 of the reinforcing resin member 24 include at least some of the carbon impregnated layers of the spoke attachment sections 31 with fibers (FIG. 19) that either extend in the radial direction relative to a corresponding one of the spoke attachment openings 30 and/or the tangential direction relative to the corresponding one of the spoke attachment openings 30. Preferably, each of the spoke attachment sections 31 of the reinforcing member 24 has an overall maximum thickness in a range of about 1 millimeter to about 2 millimeters. Of course, it will be apparent to those skilled in the bicycle art from this disclosure that the fiber patterns illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19 may, in reality, look slightly different (e.g. distorted at the edges of the annular metallic rim member 23) due to the curvature of the annular metallic rim member 23.
In the illustrated embodiment, the first, second and third resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 of the reinforcing resin member 24 are all preferably formed as fiber reinforced sheets embedded with resin/plastic. Thus, the rim 18a is a composite rim made of both metallic and non-metallic materials. The reinforcing resin member 24 is directly bonded to the annular metallic rim member 23. While heat is used to apply the first, second and third resin sheets 41, 42 and 43, the heat is lower than a temperature that would physical alter the metallic material of the annular metallic rim member 23.
The resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 in this embodiment are preferably thin sheets of continuous reinforcement fibers impregnated with a thermoset resin or a thermoplastic resin, which are often called prepreg sheets. The resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 (prepreg sheets) are soft material at room temperature. However, when the resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 (prepreg sheets) are heated, the resin once becomes low viscosity. However, after that the resin of the resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 becomes very hard, e.g., solid at 130° C.-150° C.
In one preferred embodiment, the resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 (prepreg sheets) include carbon fibers or a glass fiber impregnated with an epoxy resin. In other preferred embodiments, the resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 (prepreg sheets) can include virtually any reinforcement fiber, with virtually any matrix resin that can carry out the present invention. The thickness and surface finish of the resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 (prepreg sheets) can be varied to suit the desired requirements of the wheel. In this embodiment, two of the resin sheets 41, are illustrated as being used to cover an entire circumferential section of the inner annular wall portion 29. However, the number of the resin sheets 41 will depend on a number of factors. Likewise, the number of the resin sheets 42 and 43 will depend on a number of factors. Thus, number of the resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 are shown just for purposes of illustration of one suitable arrangement (i.e., the actual number of sheets can be more or less than shown depending on a number of factors).
The spokes 21a are tension spokes that interconnect the hub 20a and the rim 18a together as explained below. In the illustrated embodiment, the front bicycle wheel 12 includes sixteen of the spokes 21a that extend generally radially from the hub 20a to the rim 18a. Also, in the illustrated embodiment, the spokes 21a are coupled to the rim 18a at equally spaced circumferential locations as seen in FIG. 1. Of course, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the front bicycle wheel 12 could use a modified rim and/or hub in order to accommodate different spoking arrangements without departing from the scope of the present invention. Moreover, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the front bicycle wheel 12 could use a modified rim and/or hub in order to accommodate fewer or more spokes 21a if needed and/or desired. In any case, the spokes 21a are preferably coupled to the annular rim 18a in circumferentially spaced arrangement.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3 the spokes 21a are preferably straight spokes that are identical to each other. Each of the spokes 21a basically includes a threaded outer end portion, a straight center or a middle portion and an inner headed end portion. The threaded outer end portions of the spokes 21a are coupled to the hub 20a by conventional spoke nipples. The spokes 21a are preferably wire-type spokes that are relatively conventional.
Referring now to FIGS. 20A to 20J, a preferred method of manufacturing rim 18a will now be explained in more detail. First, the annular metallic rim member 23 is formed utilizing conventional rim manufacturing techniques. For example, the annular metallic rim member 23 can be constructed by extruding a length of aluminum with the cross-sectional shape that includes the annular tire attachment portion 26, the side annular wall portions 27 and 28 and the inner annular wall portion 29. Next, the side annular wall portions 27 and 28 and the inner annular wall portion 29 are thinned so as to reduce the overall weight of the annular metallic rim member 23. Then, the aluminum extruded rim member is cut to the appropriate length and bent into a circular shape. The ends of the aluminum extruded rim member are then welded together. The various holes including spoke attachment openings 30 can be punched or drilled before or after the ends of the aluminum extruded rim member are welded together.
Once the annular metallic rim member 23 is formed with the cross-sectional shape illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5, the reinforcing resin member 24 is applied to the annular metallic rim member 23 in several stages, as illustrated in FIGS. 20A-20H. Preferably, the first sheets 41 are first applied continuously in a circumferential direction about an entire circumferential area of the annular metallic rim member 23, as illustrated in FIGS. 20A and 20B. Then the first sheets 41 are preferably trimmed using a conventional cutting/grinding tool (only diagrammatically illustrated) to remove excess material, as shown in FIG. 20C. Preferably, the second sheets 42 (only two/three sheets shown for the purpose of illustration) are then applied at a plurality of discrete locations where the spoke attachment openings 30 are located, as shown in FIGS. 20D and 20E. Then, the third sheets 43 are preferably applied at plurality of discrete locations where the spoke attachment openings 30 are located, as shown in FIGS. 20F and 20G. The third sheets 43 are then preferably trimmed using the conventional cutting/grinding tool (only diagrammatically illustrated) to remove excess material, as shown in FIG. 20H.
In this embodiment, twenty-four resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 (e.g. two first sheets 41, sixteen second sheets 42 and six third sheets 43) overlie the areas surrounding the spoke attachment openings 30, while only two resin sheets 41 overlie the intermediate areas. However, the exact number of sheets 41, 42 and 43 are not always illustrated herein to avoid confusion (due to the minimal thickness of the sheets).
The application of the resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 is preferably accomplished by applying a heat shrink wrap material (not shown) over the resin sheets 41, 42 and 43. Preferably, the heat shrink wrap material is a tape that is spirally wound around the entire circumference of the annular metallic rim member 23 with a slight overlap between adjacent coils. Then heat H is applied to the heat shrink wrap material such that the heat shrink wrap material 50 firmly presses the resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 against and the wall portions 27, 28 and 29, as shown in FIG. 20I. This application of the heat H to the heat shrink wrap material 50 also causes the resin of the resin sheets 41, 42 and 43 to melt and thus adhere to the wall portions 27, 28 and 29.
Preferably, the heat H is applied such that the annular metallic rim member 23 with the reinforcing resin member 24 is heated to between about 130° C. to about 150° C., preferably about 130° C., for about 3 hours. The heating temperature is selected based on the material(s) of the reinforcing resin member 24 (e.g., the sheets 41, 42 and 43) and the annular metallic rim member 23. Specifically, the heating temperature is selected such that the reinforcing resin member 24 will melt/adhere to the annular metallic rim member 23, but also such that the physical properties of the annular metallic rim member 23 will not be altered by the heat H (temperature) needed to melt/adhere the reinforcing resin member 24 thereto. Of course, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the heating temperature and/or heating time may vary depending the exact materials used for the reinforcing resin member 24 and the annular metallic rim member 23.
Now, the heat shrink wrap material is removed to expose the reinforcing resin member 24 that has been bonded the annular metallic rim member 23 at the plurality of discrete locations around the annular metallic rim member 23 as well as the intermediate areas. Next, the spoke attachment openings 30 are enlarged from an initial size of about 2.9 millimeter diameter circular holes to enlarged spoke attachment openings 30′, with each opening 30′ having a diameter of about 5.0 millimeters, as best shown in FIGS. 16 and 17.
The enlarged spoke attachment openings 30′ are formed by drilling/punching through the reinforcing resin member 24 and the inner annular wall portion 29 at the existing spoke attachment openings 30, as shown in FIG. 20J. A drill is illustrated as one example of a tool that could be used to form the enlarged spoke attachment openings 30′. In other words, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art from this disclosure that other methods of forming the enlarged spoke attachment openings 30′ in the reinforcing resin member 24 and the inner annular wall portion 29 at locations that correspond to the initial spoke attachment openings 30 could be utilized. Once the enlarged spoke attachment openings 30′ have been formed, the rim 18a is ready to be attached to the hub 20a by the spokes 21a and the spoke nipples in a conventional manner.
General Interpretation of Terms
In understanding the scope of the present invention, the term “comprising” and its derivatives, as used herein, are intended to be open ended terms that specify the presence of the stated features, elements, components, groups, integers, and/or steps, but do not exclude the presence of other unstated features, elements, components, groups, integers and/or steps. The foregoing also applies to words having similar meanings such as the terms, “including”, “having” and their derivatives. Also, the terms “part,” “section,” “portion,” “member” or “element” when used in the singular can have the dual meaning of a single part or a plurality of parts. As used herein to describe the present invention, the following directional terms “forward, rearward, above, downward, vertical, horizontal, below and transverse” as well as any other similar directional terms refer to those directions of a bicycle equipped with the present invention. Accordingly, these terms, as utilized to describe the present invention should be interpreted relative to a bicycle equipped with the present invention as used in the normal riding position. Finally, terms of degree such as “substantially”, “about” and “approximately” as used herein mean a reasonable amount of deviation of the modified term such that the end result is not significantly changed. For example, these terms can be construed as including a deviation of at least ±5% of the modified term if this deviation would not negate the meaning of the word it modifies.
While only selected embodiments have been chosen to illustrate the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. For example, the size, shape, location or orientation of the various components can be changed as needed and/or desired. Components that are shown directly connected or contacting each other can have intermediate structures disposed between them. The functions of one element can be performed by two, and vice versa. The structures and functions of one embodiment can be adopted in another embodiment. It is not necessary for all advantages to be present in a particular embodiment at the same time. Every feature which is unique from the prior art, alone or in combination with other features, also should be considered a separate description of further inventions by the applicant, including the structural and/or functional concepts embodied by such feature(s). Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the embodiments according to the present invention are provided for illustration only, and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

## Claims

1. A bicycle rim comprising:
an annular metallic rim member including a pair of oppositely facing annular braking surfaces and a plurality of spoke attachment areas with a spoke attachment opening formed in each of the spoke attachment areas; and
a reinforcing member extending circumferentially about the annular metallic rim member to overlie the spoke attachment areas of the annular metallic rim member,
the reinforcing member including a plurality of spoke attachment sections overlying the spoke attachment areas, respectively, and a plurality of intermediate sections disposed between adjacent pairs of the spoke attachment sections, with the spoke attachment sections being thicker than the intermediate sections, the reinforcing member not overlying the pair of oppositely facing annular braking surfaces.

2. The bicycle rim according to claim 1, wherein
the reinforcing member overlies an exterior surface of the annular metallic rim member.

3. The bicycle rim according to claim 1, wherein
the reinforcing member includes a reinforcing resin material.

4. The bicycle rim according to claim 3, wherein
the reinforcing resin material extends continuously in a circumferential direction about an entire circumferential area of the annular metallic rim member.

5. The bicycle rim according to claim 4, wherein
the reinforcing resin material includes a continuous circumferential part defining at least a portion of the spoke attachment sections and the intermediate sections of the reinforcing member.

6. The bicycle rim according to claim 3, wherein
the reinforcing resin material includes epoxy with one or more carbon impregnated layers.

7. The bicycle rim according to claim 6, wherein
at least some of the carbon impregnated layers of the spoke attachment sections includes fibers that extend at least in one of a radial direction relative to a corresponding one of the spoke attachment openings and a tangential direction relative to the corresponding one of the spoke attachment openings.

8. The bicycle rim according to claim 1, wherein
each of the spoke attachment sections of the reinforcing member has an overall maximum thickness in a range of about 1 millimeter to about 2 millimeters.

9. The bicycle rim according to claim 1, wherein
the annular metallic rim member includes an annular tire attachment portion adapted to have a tire mounted thereon, a first annular side wall portion, a second annular side wall portion and an inner annular wall portion connecting the first and second annular side wall portions with the spoke attachment openings being formed in the inner annular wall portion.

10. The bicycle rim according to claim 9, wherein
the annular tire attachment portion includes an annular connecting section connecting the first and second annular side wall portions such that an annular hollow area is bounded by the first and second annular side wall portions, the inner annular wall portion and the annular connecting section.

11. The bicycle rim according to claim 9, wherein
the reinforcing member includes a reinforcing resin material.

12. The bicycle rim according to claim 9, wherein
the reinforcing member is attached to the annular metallic rim member such that the reinforcing member continuously extends from the first annular side wall portion across the inner annular wall portion to the second annular side wall portion to overlie exterior surface areas of the inner annular wall portion around the spoke attachment openings.

13. The bicycle rim according to claim 12, wherein
the reinforcing member is formed of a plurality of reinforcing layers bonded together such that outer peripheral edges of the spoke attachment sections are thinner than areas of the reinforcing member surrounding the spoke attachment openings.

14. A bicycle rim comprising:
an annular metallic rim member including a plurality of spoke attachment areas with a spoke attachment opening in each of the spoke attachment areas; and
a reinforcing member extending circumferentially about the annular metallic rim member to overlie the spoke attachment areas of the annular metallic rim member,
the reinforcing member including a plurality of spoke attachment sections overlying the spoke attachment areas, respectively, and a plurality of intermediate sections disposed between adjacent pairs of the spoke attachment sections, with the spoke attachment sections being thicker than the intermediate sections,
the reinforcing member including a reinforcing resin material that extends continuously in a circumferential direction about an entire circumferential area of the annular metallic rim member, the reinforcing resin material including an annular continuous circumferential part defining at least a portion of the spoke attachment sections and the intermediate sections of the reinforcing member,
the annular continuous circumferential part being formed of at least two individual reinforcing layers bonded together, and each of the spoke attachment sections including at least two individual discrete reinforcing layers bonded together over the annular continuous circumferential part at circumferentially spaced apart locations,
the individual discrete reinforcing layers of each spoke attachment section being separate and spaced from the individual discrete reinforcing layers of the remaining spoke attachment sections to form a plurality of circumferential spaces between the individual discrete reinforcing layers of the spoke attachment sections externally of the reinforcing layers of the annular continuous circumferential part.

15. A bicycle rim comprising:
an annular metallic rim member including a plurality of spoke attachment areas with a spoke attachment opening in each of the spoke attachment areas; and
a reinforcing member extending circumferentially about the annular metallic rim member to overlie the spoke attachment areas of the annular metallic rim member,
the reinforcing member including a plurality of spoke attachment sections overlying the spoke attachment areas, respectively, and a plurality of intermediate sections disposed between adjacent pairs of the spoke attachment sections, with the spoke attachment sections being thicker than the intermediate sections,
each spoke attachment section including a reinforcing resin material having at least one carbon impregnated layer with ring shaped fibers that are annularly arranged around a corresponding one of the spoke attachment openings,
the ring shaped fibers of each carbon impregnated layer encircling a center axis of the corresponding one of the spoke attachment openings being as viewed along the center axis of the corresponding one of the spoke attachment openings.

16. A bicycle rim forming method comprising:
forming an annular metallic rim member having a pair of oppositely facing annular braking surfaces; and
applying a reinforcing member extending circumferentially about the annular metallic rim member to overlie a plurality of spoke attachment areas of the annular metallic rim member such that the reinforcing member includes a plurality of spoke attachment sections overlying the spoke attachment areas, respectively, and a plurality of intermediate sections disposed between adjacent pairs of the spoke attachment sections, with the spoke attachment sections being thicker than the intermediate sections,
the reinforcing member being applied to the annular metallic rim so as not to overlie at least one of the annular braking surfaces.

17. The bicycle rim forming method according to claim 16, further comprising:
forming a plurality of spoke attachment openings in the spoke attachment areas of the annular metallic rim member and the spoke attachment sections of the reinforcing member.

18. The bicycle rim forming method according to claim 16, wherein
the applying of the reinforcing member includes applying an annular continuous circumferential part defining at least a portion of the spoke attachment sections and the intermediate sections of the reinforcing member; and applying individual circumferentially spaced apart discrete parts at the spoke attachment areas to further define the spoke attachment sections of the reinforcing member.

19. The bicycle rim forming method according to claim 18, wherein
the annular continuous circumferential part defining at least a portion of the spoke attachment sections and the intermediate sections of the reinforcing member is applied before the individual circumferentially spaced apart discrete parts at the spoke attachment areas to further define the spoke attachment sections of the reinforcing member.

20. The bicycle rim forming method according to claim 19, wherein
each of the individual circumferentially spaced apart parts is separate and spaced from the remaining spoke attachment sections to form a plurality of circumferential spaces between the individual circumferentially spaced apart discrete parts externally of the annular continuous circumferential part.

21. The bicycle rim forming method according to claim 16, wherein
the reinforcing member is applied to the annular metallic rim so as to at least partially overlie one of the annular breaking surfaces, and
the reinforcing member is trimmed after being applied to the annular metallic rim such that the reinforcing member does not overlie either of the annular braking surfaces.

22. A bicycle rim comprising:
an annular metallic rim member including a plurality of circumferentially spaced spoke attachment areas with a spoke attachment opening formed in each of the spoke attachment areas; and
a reinforcing member extending circumferentially about the annular metallic rim member to overlie the spoke attachment areas of the annular metallic rim member,
the reinforcing member including a plurality of spoke attachment sections overlying the spoke attachment areas, respectively, and a plurality of intermediate sections disposed between adjacent pairs of the spoke attachment sections, with the spoke attachment sections being thicker than the intermediate sections,
each of the spoke attachment sections including at least two differently sized discrete layers that are separate from the remaining spoke attachment sections and circumferentially spaced from the remaining spoke attachment sections.

23. The bicycle rim according to claim 22, wherein
each of the spoke attachment sections includes a first layer and a second layer applied over the first layer, the second layer being larger than the first layer.