# Patent

## Title
Wideband high gain antenna

## Abstract

An antenna array formed of individual electrically connected pluralities of wideband antenna elements. The array features a centrally located rectangular ground plane having a top surface defined by four edges. Each of said pluralities of elements is engaged to a separate substrate which is engaged along one of the four edges. The substrates may be angled to adjust the footprint of the antenna.

## Background
This application is a Continuing application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/301,740 which was a Continuation in Part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/419,213 filed on Apr. 6, 2009 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/075,296, filed on Jun. 24, 2008, all of which are respectively incorporated herein in their entirety by this reference thereto.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to antennas for transmission and reception of radio frequency communications in a plurality of RF bands concurrently using the same element. More particularly, the present invention relates generally to an antenna array formed of a plurality of wideband-capable antenna elements, or radiators, which is capable of operating at any frequency between 800 MHZ and 3000 MHZ at substantially 6 dBi. The resulting array has a circular radiation and reception pattern which may also be adjusted to radiate up or down depending on orientation of side engaged elements on substrates.
2. Background of the Invention
Since the inception of cellular telephones, cellular service providers have had the task of installing a plurality of antenna sites over a geographic area to establish cells for communication with cellular telephones located in the cell. From inception to the current mode of cellular broadcasting and reception, providers have each installed their own plurality of large external cellular antennas for such cell sites. Generally, such antennas or cable hookup is necessary to provide a television receiver with the required signal strength to provide a perfect picture and sound to the viewer.
In practice, cell sites are grouped in areas of high population density, with the most potential users. Because each cellular service provider has their own system, each such provider will normally have their own antenna sites spaced about a geographic area to form the cells in their respective system. In suburban areas, the large dipole or mast type antennas must be placed within each cell. Such masts are commonly spaced 1-2 miles apart in suburban areas and in dense urban areas masts may be as close as 1⁄4-1⁄2-mile apart.
Such antenna sites with large towers and large masts are generally considered eyesores by the public. Because each provider has their own system of cell sites and because each geographic area has a plurality of providers, antenna blight is a common problem in many urban and suburban areas.
The many different service providers employ many different technologies such as 3G, 4G, GSM, CDMA. They also employ these technologies on bandwidths they either own or lease, and which are adapted to the technologies. Consequently, the different carriers tend to operate on different frequencies. Since conventional dipole and other cell antennas are large by conventional construction, even where the different providers are positioning sites near each other, they still have their own cell towers adapted to the length and configuration of the antennas they employ for their systems and which are adapted to their individual frequencies.
Since the many carriers and technologies employ different sized, large antennas, even if they wanted to share cell sites more often and antennas, the nature of the antennas used conventionally discourage it. The result being a plethora of antenna sites, some right next to each other, with large ungainly and unsightly antennas on large towers.
External antennas generally take the form of large cumbersome conic or Yagi type construction and are placed outdoors either on a pole on the roof top of the building housing the receiver or in an attic or the like of a building. These antennas are somewhat fragile as they are formed by the combination of a plurality of parts including reflectors and receiving elements formed of light weight aluminum tubing or the like having various lengths to satisfy the frequency requirements of the received signals and plastic insulators. The receiving elements are held in relative position by means of the insulators and the reflector elements are grounded together.
Assemblage of these antennas is required either by the user which may bend or break some of the elements during construction which must be replaced or the user may become injured by falling or the like or by an installer for hire either of which increase the already high economic cost of the antenna.
Externally placed antennas of this type are continually subjected to the elements. Even if not damaged or destroyed by the elements during harsh weather conditions over time these antennas will generally produce poor or reduced reception during extreme weather conditions or will gradually reduce their ability to produce acceptable reception over time due to mechanical decay.
In addition to the above deficiencies, this type of receiving antenna is aesthetically ugly.
Other antennas that are currently used are indoor antennas which are easy on the eyes but unacceptable for producing a good picture and sound. The most common and effective of these indoor antennas is the well known dual dipole type positioned adjacent to or on the television receiver and commonly referred to as “rabbit ears.” These antennas are generally ineffective for fringe area reception and are only effective for strong local signal reception. When low frequency signals reception is desired, the dipoles must be extended to their maximum length which makes the “rabbit ear” antenna susceptible to tipping over or interfering with or causing possible damage to any adjacent objects.
Cable systems are also currently used for delivering signals to television receivers. This system is highly successful for delivering picture perfect signals to a television receiver over a large range of frequencies. One of the strongest disadvantages to the cable signal delivery systems is the economic cost of installation and the periodic cost of the signal delivery to the user which can run as high as one hundred dollars monthly.
Satellite dishes, with their accompanying accessories, are another of the present methods of receiving television signals. This method is popular and successful for receiving signals from fixed in position satellites. Systems of this type require large diameter dishes generally in excess of six feet, and ideally about twelve feet, for receiving acceptable signal levels. Small dishes under two feet in diameter are presently unusable for all but the most powerful satellite transmitters. The acceptable sized dishes are ugly to view and because of size are hard to hide from sight. In addition, the systems as they exist today, are quite expensive and, therefore, are not available to all who desire to view picture perfect television reception.
There has not been a highly signal sensitive, visually attractive indoor television antenna until the emergence of the instant antenna. The radiator elements, or antenna elements herein disclosed, are capable of concurrent communications between users, and broadcasting sources, and adjacent antenna nodes having the same radiator elements in one or a wide variety of bandwidths.
The unique configuration of the individual antenna radiator elements provides excellent transmission and reception performance in a wide band of frequencies between 470 MHz to 5.8 GHz. Such performance in such a wide bandwidth is heretofore un-achieved and the single radiator element disclosed is capable of employment for reception and transmission in widely used civilian and military frequencies such as 700 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 3.65 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5.1 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The radiator element actually has reasonable performance capabilities up to 1.2 gbps rendering it capable of deployment for antenna towers for concurrent reception and transmission of RF frequencies between 470 MHz to 5.8 GHz which is heretofore unachievable in a single antenna element. Such deployment will minimize the number of towers and antennas needed in a grid or communications web, yet provide for the maximum number of different types of communications from cellular phones to HDTV. Further, when employed at a home or business, the elements or arrays of elements will allow for a single formed antenna unit to communicate all the frequencies used by the home or office to various devices employing them, from a single unit concurrently.
3. Prior Art
Conventionally, cellular, radio, and television antennas are formed in a structure that may be adjustable for frequency and gain by changing the formed structure elements. Shorter elements for higher frequencies, longer elements for lower, and pluralities of similarly configured shorter and longer elements to increase gain or to steer the beam. However, the formed antenna structure, or node itself, is generally fixed in position for elements which may be adjusted for length or angle to better transmit and receive on narrow bands of frequencies of choice in a location of choice to serve certain users of choice. Because many communications firms employ many different frequencies, many different such individual antenna towers are required with one or a plurality of such towers having radiator elements upon them to match the individual frequencies employed by the provider for different services such as WiFi or cellular phones or police radios. This can result in multiple antenna towers, within yards of each other, on a hill, tall towers or other high points servicing surrounding areas. Such duplication of effort is not only expensive, it tends to be an eyesore in the community.
Further the conventional methods of electrically connecting the plurality of radiator elements within these towers similarly fall short. Typical power dividers/summers, employing transmission lines or wires are used to combine the incoming signals of the radiator elements to input into a central processor or the like. However, such typical methods fall short in accounting for electrical impedance, as well as the timing of the plurality of incoming signals. Such timing problems rise from unequal transmission line length or from placement of antenna elements in positions where signals arrive at different times. While modern receivers can be adapted to tune out and ignore such signals, this can decrease the signal strength to the device in need of it. As a result, along with the eyesore of having multiple antenna towers within yards of each other, transmitted and received signals, from separate antenna elements, may not be of the best quality. The same is true of assembled pluralities of antennas for home or office.
As such, when constructing a communications array such as a cellular antenna grid, or a wireless communications web, the builder is faced with the dilemma of obtaining antennas that are customized by providers for the narrow frequency to be serviced. Most such antennas are custom made using radiator elements to match the a narrow band of frequencies to be employed at the site which can vary widely depending on the network and venue. Also, a horizontal, vertical, or circular polarization scheme that may be desired to either increase bandwidth or connections. Further consideration must be given to the gain at the chosen frequency and thereafter the number of elements included in the final structure to meet the gain requirements and possible beam steering requirements.
However, such antennas once manufactured to specific individual frequencies or narrow frequency bands, offer little means of adjustment of their ultimate frequency range, and their gain since they are general fixed in nature. Further, since they are custom manufactured to the frequency band, gain, polarization, beam width, and other requirements, should technology change or new frequencies become available, it can be a problem since new antennas are required to mach the changes. Additionally, as noted, there is little to no consideration as related to improvement with how the individual radiator elements are combined, and conventional methods are continued to be employed.
Still further, for a communications system provider working on many different bands, with many frequencies, in differing wireless cellular or grid communications schemes, a great deal of inventory of the various antennas for the plurality of frequencies employed at the desired gains and polarization schemes must be maintained. Without stocking a large inventory of antennas, delays in installation can occur.
Such an inventory requirement increases costs tremendously as well as deployment lead time if the needed antenna configuration is not at hand. Further, during installation, it is hard to predict the final antenna construction configuration since in a given topography what works on paper may not work in the field. Additionally, what exact gain and polarization or frequency range which might be required for a given system, when it is being installed might not match predications. The result being that a delay will inherently occur where custom antennas must be manufactured for the user if they are not stocked.
This is especially true in cases where a wireless grid or web is being installed for a wireless communications. The frequencies can vary widely depending on the type of wireless communications being implemented in the grid, such as cellular or Wi-Fi or digital communications for emergency services. The system requirements for gain, and individual employed frequencies, can also vary depending on the FCC and client's needs.
Still further, the infrastructure required for conventional cellular and radio and other antennas, requires that each antenna be hardwired to the local communications grid. This not only severely limits the location of individual antenna nodes in such a grid, it substantially increases the costs since each antenna services a finite number of users and it must be hardwired to a local network on the ground.
A similar problem arises with the user of the various transmitted RF signals from these differing antenna sites, as well as from local transmission and reception sites for communications over Wi-Fi and bluetooth. The user of a device capable of receiving and transmitting over cellular, Wi-Fi, and bluetooth bands for instance, may have multiple antennas with each designed for a specific RF communication bandwidth and standard. This not only causes duplication and extra cost, but the placement of the different antennas on a small device such as a laptop computer or cellphone, must be precise in order not to cause interference from the adjacent-placed antennas on the same device.
As such, there is a continuing unmet need for an improved antenna radiator element, and a method of antenna tower or node construction, and for home and office antenna formation, allowing for easy formation and configuration of a radio antenna for two way communications such as cellular or radio for police or emergency services. Such a device would best be modular in nature and employ individual radiator elements which provide a very high potential for the as-needed configuration for frequency, polarization, gain, direction, steering and other factors desired, in an antenna grid servicing multiple but varying numbers of users over a day's time.
Such a device should employ a wideband radiator element allowing for a standardized number of base components adapted for engagement to mounting towers and the like. The components so assembled should provide electrical pathways to electrically communicated in a standardized connection to transceivers. Such a device, should employ a single radiator element capable of providing for a wide range of different frequencies to be transmitted and received. Such a device by using a plurality of individual radiator elements of substantially identical construction, should be switchable in order to increase or decrease gain and steer the individual communications beams.
Employing a plurality of individual wideband radiator elements, positioned in multiple points around a circle, such a device having one antenna configuration, should be capable of operating at any frequency between 800 MHZ and 3000 MHZ at about 6 dBi and have a circular radiation pattern that can radiate up or down depending on orientation. Further the elements should be “scalable” depending on the frequency range one desires to cover whereby elements having the correct high and low frequency reception configurations may be employed to match those required by the user.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The device and method herein disclosed and described achieves the above-mentioned goals through the provision of a single radiator antenna element which is uniquely shaped to provide excellent transmission and reception capability in a wideband of frequencies between 470 MHz to 5.8 GHz. It can be shaped differently if desired to reach the 7 GHz range if such is desired.
In the range between 470-860 MHZ, the radiator element disclosed provides excellent performance with a measured loss below −9.8 db which means that the Voltage Standing Wave Radio is 2:1 over this entire frequency band. In the 680 MHz to 2100 MHZ band, the radiator element can concurrently provide excellent performance with a measured return loss of less than −9.8 dB. Similar concurrent performance characteristics are achieved in the bandwidth between 2.0 GHz to 6.0 Ghz.
Consequently, the disclosed single radiator element herein is capable of concurrent reception and transmission in multiple frequencies from 470 MHz to 5.8 GHz. It can be coupled and easily matched for inductance from an array coupling effect, and can provide the wideband communications reception and transmission needed for the 21st Century. Further, it has a footprint which is small and therefore allows for employment as a single or multiple element array on devices such as smartphones, cellphones, and laptop computers. The same small footprint allows for positioning of multiple elements operatively engaged on transmission sites to allow for a phased array, or transmission and reception in multiple polarizations.
While employable in individual elements, the radiator element may also be coupled into directional arrays for added gain and beam steering. The arrays may be adapted for multiple configurations using software adapted to the task of switching between radiator elements to form or change the form of engaged arrays of such elements. Using radiator elements each substantially identical to the other, and each capable of RF transmission and reception across a wide array of frequencies to form an array antenna, the device provides an elegantly simple solution to forming antennas which are highly customizable for frequency, gain, polarization, steering, and other factors, for that user.
The radiator element of the instant invention is based upon a planar antenna element formed by printed-circuit technology. The antenna is of two-dimensional construction forming what is known as a horn or notch antenna type. The element is formed on a dialectic substrate of such materials as MYLAR, fiberglass, REXLITE, polystyrene, polyamide, TEFLON, fiberglass or any other such material suitable for the purpose intended. The substrate may be flexible whereby the antenna can be rolled up for storage and unrolled into a planar form for use. Or, in a particularly preferred mode of the device herein, it is formed on a substantially rigid substrate material in the planar configuration thereby allowing for components that both connect, and form the resulting rigid antenna structure.
The antenna radiator element or radiator itself, formed on the substrate, can be any suitable conductive material, as for example, aluminum, copper, silver, gold, platinum or any other electrical conductive material suitable for the purpose intended. The conductive material forming the element is adhered to the substrate by any known technology.
The radiator element of the instant invention is based upon a planar antenna element formed by printed-circuit technology. The antenna is of two-dimensional construction forming what is known as a horn or notch antenna type. The element is formed on a dielectric substrate of materials such as MYLAR, fiberglass, REXLITE, polystyrene, polyamide, TEFLON, fiberglass or any other such dielectric material as would occur to those skilled in the art as suitable for the purpose intended. The substrate may be flexible whereby the antenna can be rolled up for storage and unrolled into a planar form for use. Or, in a particularly preferred mode of the device herein, it is formed on a substantially rigid substrate material in the planar configuration thereby allowing for components that both connect, and form the resulting rigid antenna structure.
The antenna radiator element itself, formed on the substrate, can be any suitable conductive material, as for example, aluminum, copper, silver, gold, platinum or any other electrical conductive material suitable for the transmission and reception purpose intended. The conductive material forming the element is adhered to the substrate by any known conventional technology.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the antenna radiator element conductive material coating on a first side of the substrate is formed with a non-plated first cavity or covered surface area, in the form of a horn having two substantially identical nodes or leaves and having a decreasing gap or cavity is formed therebetween. The formed horn has the general appearance from a top plan view, of a cross-section of a “whale tail” with two substantially identical nodes, or tail half-sections, in a substantially mirrored configuration, extending from a center to pointed tips positioned a distance from each other at their respective distal ends. Optionally, but preferred are two mirrored “L” shaped extensions. The extensions extend from the two opposing distal positioned tips on one end, to a second end engaging a lower portion of each node or leaf of the element. These extensions while optional, have been found to significantly enhance performance of the antenna radiator element at lower frequency ranges and would therefor be desirable where the element is to operate in the lower ranges.
The formed cavity is defined by the uncoated or unplated surface area upon the first side surface of the substrate between the two halves defined by the two nodes or leafs. This cavity forms a mouth of the antenna element and is substantially centered between the two distal tip points on each node or half-section of the tail shaped antenna radiator element. The cavity extends substantially perpendicular to a horizontal line running between the two distal tip points and then curves into the body portion of one of the tail halves and extends away from the other half.
Along the cavity pathway, from the distal tip points of the element halves, the cavity narrows slightly in its cross sectional area. The cavity is at a widest point between the two distal end points and narrows to a narrowest point. The cavity from this narrow point curves to extend to a distal end within the one tail half, where it makes a short right angled extension from the centerline of the curving cavity.
The widest point of the cavity, between the distal end points of the radiator halves, determines the to low point for the frequency range of the element. The narrowest point of the cavity between the two halves determines the highest frequency to which the element is adapted for use. Currently the widest distance is between 1.4 and 1.6 inches with 1.5812 inches being a particularly preferred widest distance. The narrowest point is between 0.024 and 0.026 inches with .o253 being particularly preferred when paired with the 1.5812 wide distance. Of course those skilled in the art will realize that by adjusting the widest and narrowest distances of the formed cavity, the element may be adapted to other frequency ranges, and any antenna element which employs two substantially identical leaf portions to form a cavity therebetween with maximum and minimum widths is anticipated within the scope of the claimed device herein.
On the opposite surface of the substrate from the formed radiator element, a feedline extends from the area of the cavity intermediate the first and second halves of the radiator element and passes through the substrate to a tap position to electrically connect with the radiator element which has the cavity extending therein to the distal end perpendicular extension.
The location of the feedline connection, the size and shape of the two halves of the radiator element, and the cross-sectional area of the cavity, may be of the antenna designer's choice for best results for a given use and frequency. However, because the disclosed radiator element performs so well and across such a wide bandwidth, the current mode of the radiator element as depicted herein, with the connection point shown, is especially preferred. Of course those skilled in the art will realize that the shape of the half-portions and size and shape of the cavity may be adjusted to increase gain in certain frequencies or for other reasons known to the skilled, and any and all such changes or alterations of the depicted radiator element as would occur to those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure are anticipated within the scope of this invention.
The radiator element as depicted and described herein performs admirably across many frequencies and spectrums employed by individuals, government, and industry, and is as such a breakthrough in antenna element design. Currently, performance is shown by testing to excel in a range of frequencies including but not limited to 700 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 3.65 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5.1 GHz and 5.8 GHz with bandwidth capabilities up to 1.2 gbps. Such a wide range in the RF spectrum from a single radiator element is unheard of, prior to this disclosure.
Because of this unique shape rendering the radiator element adept at transmitting and receiving across many frequencies, each such radiator element is easily combined with others of identical shape, to increase gain and steer the beam of the formed antenna.
To that end, in employing a plurality of the disclosed radiator elements to form an array antenna, the device employs a plurality of base or vertical board members each of which are configured with electrical pathways terminating at connector points to provide electrical communication between one or a plurality of the engageable antenna radiator elements, and wired connectors communicating with a transmitter, receiver, or transceiver. One or a plurality of the vertical board members arranged in parallel, are adapted to engage slits in the substrate of the radiator element to thereby provide registered points of engagement for the electrical connection with horizontal substrate members on which antenna radiator elements are formed and positioned. The vertical board members may also have antenna radiator elements positioned thereon generally on a side surface opposite the side surface of the electrical pathways or on a layer insulated from the pathways.
In the modular kit of components, the vertical or base board members would be adapted to engage a mount which registers the terminals of the electrical pathways in an electrical engagement to conductors communicating with the transmission and reception equipment. At the other end of the electrical pathways are connection points that engage with antenna radiator elements on the base member or might be placed to register in engagement with pathways leading to the antenna elements, on horizontal board members.
Engagement of the elements on their respective substrates is accomplished by slits in the vertical board members sized to engage with notches in the horizontal board members providing the mount for the horizontally disposed radiator elements of the antennas. Engaging the slits with the notches will automatically align the horizontal board members carrying the antenna radiator elements into an array with connection points on the secondary base members or with the electrical pathways on the vertical board members.
The horizontal board members may have antennas formed or engaged thereon which are adapted to virtually any frequency desired by the user. However, because as noted, the disclosed radiator element provides such strong two-way communications across such a large spectrum, such is preferred over conventionally formed radiator elements. Thus, a kit of horizontal board members, each with the disclosed radiator elements mounted thereon, being inherently dimensioned for operation at different frequencies, will allow a user to assemble the modular parts into a large array antenna adaptable to the frequency desired from the spectrum made available by the radiator elements unique construction and form.
The horizontal radiator elements engaged to the base members have slits at a projecting rear portion which provide a connection point to an element connection. The secondary board members having electrical pathways thereon, have mating connection points such that engaging the secondary board with the horizontal substrate will connect all of the horizontal antenna radiator elements to connectors leading to the radio equipment. The secondary boards by changing the paths of the electrical pathways formed thereon, can engage the elements in combination with the transceiver, or can provide isolation of each element and a connection to the transceiver. Pathway changes may be physical for permanent changes or by switching means placed along the conductors and controlled by a computer or user.
Antenna radiator elements formed on the vertical or base member substrate when engaged to a tower in an array in a generally vertical position will provide for vertical polarization while the antenna radiator elements engaged to the horizontal board member substrate in an array will provide for horizontal polarization. Employing both horizontal and vertical radiator elements in the same frequency with appropriate electrical pathways to each other and to the transceiver may provide for a circular polarization to be achieved.
Or broadcast and reception of signals on the same or different frequencies can be achieved by assembling horizontal board members with antennas adapted to one or more frequencies with the vertical board members having antennas dimensioned to operate at one or more other frequencies.
The resulting formed antenna array structure which resembles a sorting box, is thus highly customizable to the task at hand by simply choosing horizontal and vertical board members having antenna radiator elements thereon adapted to the frequency needed. Because all the parts are adapted to engage and connect the antennas to electrical pathways communicating with the transmission and broadcast equipment, installation to a standardized mount of the vertical board members will allow for easy installation and adjustment in the field for users.
Gain may be increased or decreased by the parallel or independent connections between adjacent horizontal and vertical disposed antenna radiator elements on the respective horizontal and/or vertical substrates forming board members. Combining two vertically disposed antenna radiator elements on different board members, into a larger array will increase the gain, and adding a third or fourth will increase it more. This can be done easily by switching or connectors which engage or separate the pathways leading from the antenna radiator elements, to the transmission and reception equipment.
Steering of the beam width of the formed antenna array of individual radiator elements may be adjusted in the same manner using switch engaged horizontal and vertically disposed radiator elements to achieve the ground pattern in either a horizontal, vertical, or circular polarization. Electronic switching by computer would be the best current mode to ensure maximum gain and preferred steerability by the formed antenna array. Junction points of the pathways on the horizontal board members to the pathways on the secondary base members may thus be joined, for increasing gain, or provided as separate pathways to the transceiver with the same or different elements to increase the number of frequencies available or reduce gain.
When formed in a series of adjacent rectangular cavities steering of the beam is possible in the same fashion by joining or separating antenna radiator elements to pathways leading to transmission equipment.
Using the disclosed radiator element herein, singularly or in an array such as in the disclosed modular kit herein, yields highly customizable antennas which may be literally manufactured in the field from an inventory of horizontal and vertical board members with differing numbers of antenna radiator elements, which are carried in a vehicle.
In an additional preferred mode, the radiator elements are arranged in a substantially circular antenna array to create a single transmitting and receiving unit creating a circular pattern capable of operating at any frequency between 800 MHZ and 3000 MHZ at about 6 dBi. It has a circular radiation pattern that resembles a “half bagel” and can radiate up or down depending on orientation. The antenna employs four arrays consisting of two radiator elements each with the elements of each array connected with a Wilkinson power divider to achieve a gain of 8 dBi. It is within the scope of the current preferred mode that the elements are “scalable” depending on the frequency range one desires to cover.
Further, with each single radiator element having a 70 degree beam width, each of the individual four arrays are disposed at an angle of preferably 37.5 degrees that is geometrically arrived at to create a single circular pattern with the axis of the circle perpendicular to the base of the antenna. The antenna will receive all frequencies that covers the frequency band with the discrimination on the receiving frequency accomplished at the radio level.
With respect to the above description, before explaining at least one preferred embodiment of the herein disclosed invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangement of the components in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention herein described is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the pioneering conception of such a radiator element formed on a substrate and with a cavity between two halves to yield a wide RF band coverage, and used singularly or in combination in the kit-like component method to form an array, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis for designing of other antenna structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present disclosed device. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent construction and methodology insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It is one principal object of this invention to provide an antenna radiator element which transmits and receives radio waves across a wide array of frequencies, in a single element concurrently, and therefor eliminates the need for multiple or other differently shaped or lengthened elements.
It is an object of this invention to provide an antenna that may be constructed in an array of individual elements formed in modular components, to yield transmission and reception frequencies which are highly customizable by engaging kits of antenna elements.
It is an additional object of this invention to provide such a modular antenna wherein the gain may be increased or decreased by combining or separating adjacent respective horizontal and vertically disposed antenna elements.
It is an additional object of this invention, to provide an antenna element engageable to a portable device such as a smartphone, which provides excellent transmission and reception capability across multiple bands employing multiple communications standards.
A still further object of the disclosed device is the formation of an antenna array formed of the wideband elements which is configured to transmit and receive in any of the frequencies in a circular pattern.
These together with other objects and advantages which become subsequently apparent reside in the details of the construction and operation as more fully hereinafter described and claimed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof, wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING FIGURES
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate some, but not the only or exclusive, examples of embodiments and/or features. It is intended that the embodiments and figures disclosed herein are to be considered illustrative rather than limiting. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a first view of a first preferred mode of the radiator element shaped much like a “whale tail”, depicted having two halves which are formed by a first horn and second horn looking much like leaves and being substantially identical or mirror images of each other, and having mirrored “L” shaped extensions extending from the tips of the horn.
FIG. 1a shows a view of another preferred mode of the radiator element without the L-shaped extensions.
FIG. 2 shows a second view of the mode of the radiator element of FIG. 1, showing the location of the feedline.
FIG. 2a shows a second view of the mode of the device of FIG. 1a, showing the location of the feedline.
FIG. 3 shows a mode of the device employed in a modular fashion to form an antenna array.
FIG. 4 shows a front perspective view of a preferred antenna array component.
FIG. 5 shows a rear perspective view of the antenna array of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 shows a rear view of a base member for forming an antenna array.
FIG. 7 shows a front view of the base member.
FIG. 8 shows another view of a preferred modular antenna array.
FIG. 9 shows still another view of a modular antenna array.
FIG. 10 shows a view of a modular component having notches for engaging various components to form the array.
FIG. 11 shows a top view of anther preferred modular antenna array, engaged to a ground plate.
FIG. 12 shows a side view of the array of FIG. 11.
FIG. 13 shows a bottom view of the array of FIG. 11.



Other aspects of the present invention shall be more readily understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the following detailed description, neither of which should be considered limiting.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings of FIGS. 1-13, in FIGS. 1 and 2, depicting the radiator element 22 of the device 10, the radiator element 22 shaped much like a “whale tail” is depicted having two halves which are formed by a first horn 13 and second horn 15 looking much like leaves and being substantially identical or mirror images of each other. Each radiator element 22 of the invention is formed on a substrate 17 which as noted is non conductive and may be constructed of either a rigid or flexible material such as, MYLAR, fiberglass, REXLITE, polystyrene, polyamide, TEFLON fiberglass, or any other such material which would be suitable for the purpose intended.
A first surface 19 is coated with a conductive material by microstripline or the like or other metal and substrate construction well known in this art. Any means for affixing the conductive material to the substrate is acceptable to practice this invention. The conductive material 23 as for example, include but are not limited to aluminum, copper, silver, gold, platinum or any other electrical conductive material which is suitable for the purpose intended. As shown in FIG. 1 the surface conductive material 23 on first surface 19 is etched away, removed by suitable means, or left uncoated in the coating process to form the first and second horns and having a mouth 33 leading to a curvilineal cavity 35. Optionally, but preferred mirrored “L” shaped extensions 29 extend from those tips 31 to a connection at the lower points of respective horns 13 and 15. The extensions 29 have been found to significantly enhance performance of the antenna radiator element device 10 at lower frequency ranges of the noted frequencies above. FIGS. 1a and 2b show the device 10 which provides substantial improvement over conventional antenna elements even without the extensions 29 thereon.
The cavity 35 extending from the mouth 33 has a widest point “W” and extends between the curved side edges of the two horns 13 and 15 to a narrowest point “N” which is substantially equidistant between the two distal tips 31 and which is positioned along an imaginary line substantially perpendicular to the line depicting the widest point “W” running between the two distal tips 31 on the two horns 13 and 15.
The widest distance “W” of the mouth 33 portion of the cavity 35 running between the distal end points 21 of the radiator halves or horns 13 and 15, determines the low point for the frequency range of the device 10. The narrowest distance “N” of the mouth 33 portion of the cavity 35 between the two horns 13 and 15 determines the highest frequency to which the device 10 is adapted for use. Currently the widest distance “W” is between 1.4 and 1.6 inches with 1.5812 inches being a particularly preferred widest distance “W”. The narrowest distance “N” is between 0.024 and 0.026 inches with 0.0253 being particularly preferred when paired with the 1.5812 widest distance “W”. Of course those skilled in the art will realize that by adjusting the widest and narrowest distances of the formed cavity, the element may be adapted to other frequency ranges, and any antenna element which employs two substantially identical leaf portions to form a cavity therebetween with maximum and minimum widths is anticipated within the scope of the claimed device herein.
The cavity 35 proximate to the narrowest distance “N” then curves into the body portion of the first horn 13 and extends away from the other horn 15. The cavity 35 extends to a distal end 37 within the first horn 13 where it makes a short right angled extension 41 away from the centerline of the curving cavity 35 and toward the centerline of the mouth 33. This short angled extension 41 has shown improvement in gain for some of the frequencies.
On the opposite surface of the substrate 17 shown in FIG. 2, a feedline 43 extends from the area of the cavity 35 intermediate the two horns 13 and 15 forming the two halves of the radiator element 22 and passes through the substrate 17 to electrically connect to the first horn 13 adjacent to the edge of the curved portion of the cavity 25 past the narrowest distance “N”.
The location of the feedline 43 connection, the size and shape of the two horns 13 and 15, of the radiator element 22, and the cross sectional area of the widest distance “W” and narrowest distance “N” of the cavity 35, may be of the antenna designers choice for best results for a given use and frequency. However because the disclosed radiator element 22 performs so well and across such a wide bandwidth, the current mode of the radiator element 22 as depicted herein, with the connection point shown, is especially preferred.
The radiator element 22 maintaining substantially the same “whale tail” appearance when viewed from above, may be adapted in dimension to optimize it for other RF frequencies between a maximum low frequency and maximum high frequence and those that fall therebetween. This may be done by forming said lobes 13 and 15 to position the distal tips 31 at a widest point “W”, which is substantially one quarter or one half the distance of the length of an RF wave radiating at the maximum low frequency desired. To determine the maximum high frequency for the radiator element 22, it would be formed with a narrowest point “N” of the mouth having a distance which is substantially one half or one quarter the distance of the length of the RF wave radiating at the highest frequency desired. This may be done by adjusting the curved edges of the lobes 12 and 15 slightly to accommodate the narrower or wider narrowest point “N”. Once so formed, the radiator element 22 will receive and transmit well on all frequencies between the maximum high and low frequencies.
Because of this unique shape providing the radiator element 22 a concurrent transmit and receiving ability across many frequencies, each such radiator element 22 is easily combined with others of identical shape, to form an array to increase gain and steer the beam of the formed antenna. Using switching means run by software adapted to the task, the connected radiator elements 22 may function in a horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, or circular polarization and may be joined, or employed separately to communicate with other such radiator elements 22 remote antennas formed in the same fashion.
As noted, the device 10 may be employed in a modular fashion as in FIGS. 4-10, by forming the radiator elements 22 on substrates 17 which form base members 16 and secondary base members 17, each of which are configured with electrical pathways 18 terminating at connector points 20 to communicate between the engageable antenna radiator elements 22, and a transmitter, receiver, or transceiver.
One or a plurality of the base members 16 and secondary base members 17 are arranged in parallel and provide slots 24 as a means 20 for frictional connection with the traverse horizontal board members 28 on which antennas or antenna radiator elements are positioned. The base members 16 may also have antenna radiator elements 22 positioned thereon.
The slots 24 in the base members 16 and the secondary base members 17 are sized to engage with notches 34 in the horizontal board members 28. Engaging the slots 24 with the notches 34 will automatically align the horizontal board members 28 carrying the antenna radiator elements 22 with the connector points 36 on the secondary base members 17 engaging the radiator elements 22 with the electrical pathways 18 on the secondary base members 17. The horizontal board members 28 may have antenna radiator elements 22 formed or engaged thereon.
The secondary board members having electrical pathways 18 thereon leading to mating connection points 35 at the notches 34 such that engaging the secondary base member 17 can connect all of the horizontal antenna radiator elements 22 to the connectors 20 leading to the radio equipment individually, or combined depending on the formation of the pathways 18 and number of terminating connectors 20.
Thus gain may be increased by pathways combining radiator elements 22 or, frequency numbers may be increased by providing pathways 18 that provide separate communications of individual radiator elements 22 to a transceiver. The device may be formed into an array of vertically disposed radiator elements 22 and/or horizontally disposed radiator elements 22 to increase gain or use a horizontal, vertical, or circular polarization scheme. A ground plane 40 on a substrate, is provided in such an array formation also having slots therein, to allow communication of the horizontal board members 18 through 20 the ground plane 40 and a rear connection of the secondary base members 17 to the aligned notches 34.
The formed array antenna of individual radiator elements 22 will resemble a sorting bin and have a plurality of adjacent rectangular cavities such as shown in FIG. 4 where the employment of pathways 18 on the base members 16 and secondary members 18 to combine adjacent parallel radiator elements 22 such as those in AI-A2, will yield increased gain, and increasing power to the horizontally disposed radiator elements 22 allows for angle changes A-B shown in FIG. 1 for the transmission and reception beam.
Of course the connections noted herein as being frictional can be hard wired, or otherwise wired and electrically connected as needed and in some cases this may be preferable. Switching means to combine or separate individual radiator elements 22 to increase or decrease the array gain, or to increase individual transmission pathways between like radiator elements 22 on other towers would best be handled electronically by a computer and software monitoring system needs, based on users within range of the tower housing the antennas formed of the radiator elements 22.
Those skilled in the art will realize that such switching will allow each radiator element 22 to be combined with others for increased gain or to be separated to decrease gain. Beam steering may also be changed and the radiator elements 22 may be separated to yield individual horizontal or vertically disposed RF pathways for the transceiver to allow for more individual frequencies and transmission carriers from each such antenna array formed of the switchably engageable array of radiator elements 22 in the differing horizontal and vertical arrangements.
When employed with such software controlled electronic switching in towers of such radiator elements 22 forming antennas in a grid, the device thus forms a phased array antenna configuration providing concurrent multiple band high capacity communications between towers in the grid and users on the ground. Concurrently, the antenna provides for a steering of beam width and angles to users on the ground to form optimal tower-footprint for communications in a grid.
Referring now to FIGS. 11-13, in an additional preferred mode of the present invention, the radiator elements 22 are arranged into directional antenna arrays 51 to create a single transmitting and receiving unit 50 having a circular transmission and reception pattern, capable of operating at any frequency between 800 MHZ and 3000 MHZ at about 6 dBi. With changes between the distance of the distal ends and narrowest point, these frequencies may be adjusted. The antenna employs four arrays 51 consisting of two radiator elements 22 each with the elements of each array connected with a Wilkinson power divider 56 to achieve a gain of 8 dBi.
Each array 51 consisting of two radiator elements 22 are formed on a substrate 17 which again noted is non conductive and may be constructed of either a rigid or flexible material such as, MYLAR, fiberglass, REXLITE, polystyrene, polyamide, TEFLON fiberglass, or any other such material which would be suitable for the purpose intended. Again noting, a first surface 19 is coated with a conductive material by microstripline or the like or other metal and substrate construction well known in this art.
As shown in FIG. 11 the surface conductive material 23 on first surface 19 is etched away, removed by suitable means, or left uncoated in the coating process to form the first 13 and second 15 horns and having a mouth 33 leading to a curvilineal cavity 35. The horns are substantially identical in shape as well as the area of conductive material forming them. Again, optionally but preferred where lower frequency enhancement is desired, mirrored “L” shaped extensions 29 extend from those tips 31 to a connection at the lower points of respective horns 13 and 15 as the extensions 29 have been found to significantly enhance performance of the antenna radiator element 22 at lower frequency ranges of the noted frequencies previously mentioned above.
Each of the four arrays 51 are engaged to a ground plate 52 such as a copper plate. Further, each array is disposed at an angle 54 relative the ground plate 52. With each single radiator element 22 having substantially a 70 degree beam width, each of the individual four arrays 51 are disposed at an angle 54 of preferably 37.5 degrees that provides a single circular pattern that resembles a ‘half bagel’ with the axis of the circle perpendicular to the ground plate 52 of the antenna 50. However, this angle may be adjusted by the user to the situation and location at hand to enhance the desired reception and transmission footprint.
As is seen more clearly in the bottom view of FIG. 13, the feedlines 43 extend from the area of the cavity 35 intermediate to the two horns 13 and 15 forming the two halves of the radiator element 22 and are connected with a Wilkinson power divider 56 to achieve a gain of 8 dBi. From the power divider 56 additional feedlines 58 from each array 51 communicate to a circuit board 60 where they are combined 4:1 to an output 62. The antenna 50 will receive all frequencies at the output 62 that covers the frequency band with the discrimination on the receiving frequency accomplished at the radio level.
While all of the fundamental characteristics and features of the imposed radiator element and modular assembly thereof have been shown and described herein, with reference to particular embodiments thereof, a latitude of modification, various changes and substitutions are intended in the foregoing disclosure and it will be apparent that in some instances, some features of the invention may be employed without a corresponding use of other features without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth. It should also be understood that various substitutions, modifications, and variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Consequently, all such modifications and variations and substitutions are included within the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

## Claims

1. An antenna array comprising:
said array formed of individual pluralities of electrically connected antenna elements; each element of each said plurality having:
a substrate;
a first substrate surface, a portion of which is covered with a conductive material, and a portion of which is uncovered;
said conductive material defining a pair of horns, each of said pair of horns having substantially identical whale tail shapes and formed of substantially equal areas of said conductive material;
each of said horns each extending in opposite directions to distal tips;
a first cavity formed by said uncovered portion in-between said pair of horns;
said first cavity having a mouth portion, said mouth portion beginning at a first edge along a line extending between said distal tips;
said mouth portion reducing in cross-section as it extends from said first edge from a widest point substantially in-between said distal tips, to a narrowest point in between said pair of horns;
said first cavity extending away from said narrowest point in a curve and extending into a first one of said horns;
a feedline electrically communicating at a first end with a feed electrically engaged to each said antenna element; and each said feedline at a second end connected with a power divider configured for electrical communication with an RF receiver or transceiver.

2. The array of claim 1, further comprising:
said narrowest point of each said element being at a position substantially equidistant from both said distal tips; and
said position of said narrowest point of each said element being substantially along a line running perpendicular to an imaginary line running between said distal tips.

3. The antenna array of claim 1, additionally comprising:
a centrally located ground plane having a planar top surface defined by four side edges;
said individual pluralities of electrically connected antenna elements numbering four;
each said individual plurality of electrically connected antenna element positioned upon an individual said substrate;
each said substrate rotationally engaged along a different of said four edges; and
means to fix an angle of each said substrate along said rotational engagement to said ground plane.

4. The antenna array of claim 2, additionally comprising:
a centrally located ground plane having a planar top surface defined by four side edges;
said individual pluralities of electrically connected antenna elements numbering four;
each said individual plurality of electrically connected antenna element positioned upon an individual said substrate;
each said substrate rotationally engaged along a different of said four edges; and
means to fix an angle of each said substrate relative to said surface of said ground plane, along said rotational engagement to said ground plane.

5. The array of claim 1 wherein each said antenna element further comprises:
a pair of “L” shaped conductors extending from a respective one of said horns from a point adjacent to a respective said distal tip of said respective horn; and
each respective said conductor electrically communicating between a respective said distal tip of one said horn and a respective body portion of the same said horn from which it extends.

6. The array of claim 2 wherein each said antenna element further comprises:
a pair of “L” shaped conductors extending from a respective one of said horns from a point adjacent to a respective said distal tip of said respective horn; and
each respective said conductor electrically communicating between a respective said distal tip of one said horn and a respective body portion of the same said horn from which it extends.

7. The array of claim 3 wherein each said antenna element further comprises:
a pair of “L” shaped conductors extending from a respective one of said horns from a point adjacent to a respective said distal tip of said respective horn; and
each respective said conductor electrically communicating between a respective said distal tip of one said horn and a respective body portion of the same said horn from which it extends.

8. The array of claim 4 wherein each said antenna element further comprises:
a pair of “L” shaped conductors extending from a respective one of said horns from a point adjacent to a respective said distal tip of said respective horn; and
each respective said conductor electrically communicating between a respective said distal tip of one said horn and a respective body portion of the same said horn from which it extends.