2023

Pocket Guide to 

Large Truck and Bus Statistics
To access a printable version of this guide, please visit: 

www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/data-and-statistics/commercial-motorvehicle-facts. For more information about this publication, contact: 

E-mail: FMCSA_Host@dot.gov

Mail: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

Office	of	Research

1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE

6th Floor

Washington, DC 20590

Information Service: 

Phone: 1-800-832-5660

RRA-23-003

December 2023
2023

Pocket Guide to 

Large Truck and Bus Statistics

December 2023
4 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

IntroductIon

The primary mission of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety 

Administration (FMCSA) is to reduce crashes, injuries, and 

fatalities involving large trucks and buses. In carrying out its 

safety mandate, FMCSA develops and enforces data-driven 

regulations	that	balance	motor	carrier	safety	with	efficiency.	

For more information about the Agency and its safety-based 

initiatives, please visit www.fmcsa.dot.gov.

contents

The Motor Carrier Management Information System........ 6

Section 1. Overview: Large Trucks and Buses.................. 7

Section 2. Inspections and Violations................................17

Section 3. Investigations....................................................25

Section 4. Crashes ............................................................31

Section 5. Data Quality......................................................47

Section 6. Grant Programs................................................51

Section	7.	Agency	Resources............................................53

Glossary and List of Acronyms..........................................54

Note: The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on 

many of the statistics presented in this summary (overall 

industry vehicle miles traveled, registered carriers, direct 

interactions by enforcement personnel, etc.)
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 5

LocatIons of fataL Large truck and Bus

crashes, 2021

Note: In 2021, there were 5,340 fatal crashes involving large trucks and buses.

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	Fatality	

Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS).	
6 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

the Motor carrIer ManageMent

InforMatIon systeM

FMCSA created and maintains the Motor Carrier Management 

Information System (MCMIS). MCMIS contains information on 

the safety performance of commercial motor carriers (large 

trucks and buses) and hazardous materials (HM) carriers 

subject	to	the	Federal	Motor	Carrier	Safety	Regulations	

(FMCSRs)	and	Hazardous	Materials	Regulations	(HMRs).	

This system contains crash, registration, inspection, and 

investigation	files	created	to	monitor	and	develop	safety	

standards for commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) operating in 

interstate	commerce.	The	crash	file	includes	information	on	all	

trucks and buses involved in reportable crashes. A reportable 

crash is a fatal, injury, or towaway crash involving at least 

one	large	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	

or	gross	combination	weight	rating	(GCWR)	greater	than	

10,000 pounds, any motor vehicle designed to transport nine 

or more people, including the driver, or any vehicle displaying 

a	hazardous	materials	placard.	The	census	file	includes	

descriptive information on every motor carrier in MCMIS and is 

updated weekly. FMCSA analyzes motor carrier self-reported 

MCMIS	registration	data	and	applies	filters	to	identify	and	

remove inaccurate entries to avoid over- or under-estimating 

values.	The	inspection	file	contains	data	from	State	and	

Federal inspection actions involving motor carriers operating 

in the United States. Most of the inspection data included in 

MCMIS are collected at the roadside by State personnel under 

the Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program (MCSAP). The 

investigation	file	includes	data	from	warning	letters	and	on-site	

and off-site investigations and reviews conducted on motor 

carriers that transport property or passengers in interstate or 

intrastate commerce. Most of the investigation data is captured 

on-site during the examination of a motor carrier’s operations 

by a safety investigator.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 7

1. overvIew: Large trucks and Buses

In 2021, among the 282,354,993 total registered vehicles in 

the United States, 10,715,697 were single-unit trucks (straight 

trucks), 3,143,484 were combination trucks (tractor-trailers), 

and 939,219 were buses. Also in 2021, there were 3,132.4 

billion vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by all motor vehicles. Large 

trucks traveled 327.0 billion of those miles (10.4 percent of 

the total), and buses traveled 16.7 billion of those miles (0.5 

percent of the total). 

FMCSA regulates all registered commercial motor vehicles 

(CMVs) that operate interstate or that carry hazardous 

materials (HM). As of December 2021, 813,844 interstate 

motor carriers and intrastate HM motor carriers had recent 

activity operating in the United States: 

• 540,093 were for-hire carriers

• 200,904 were private carriers

• 70,129 were both for-hire and private carriers

• 2,718 were neither for-hire nor private carriers

 (e.g., Government). 

FMCSA regulates all drivers involved in interstate commerce 

or intrastate transportation of HM, as well as all Commercial 

Driver’s License (CDL) drivers, both interstate and intrastate. 

Approximately 9 million CMV drivers operate in the United 

States: 

• 5.6 million operate interstate

- 3.7 million operate interstate and hold CDLs

• 3.4 million operate intrastate

- 1.6 million operate intrastate and hold CDLs.

Data Sources: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of December 30, 2022.
8 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

1-3 Motorcoach Passenger Trips in the United States and

Canada by Fleet Size, 2020

Year All Vehicles Large Trucks Buses

2018 273,602,100 13,233,910 992,152

2019 276,491,174 13,085,643 995,033

2020 275,936,367 12,899,371 1,010,304

2021 282,354,993 13,859,181 939,219

Year All Vehicles

Large Trucks

Single-Unit Combination Buses

2018 3,240,327 120,699 184,165 18,303

2019 3,261,772 124,746 175,305 17,980

2020 2,903,622 117,832 179,817 15,037

2021 3,132,411 131,637 195,389 16,744

1-2 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) in the United

States, 2018–2021

Motorcoach 

Fleet Size

Passenger Trips: Average Passenger Trips per:

Total Percent Motorcoach Carrier

100 or more 70,004,300 56.2% 5,894 2,187,635

50 to 99 17,535,700 14.1% 4,429 278,344

25 to 49 9,837,600 7.9% 2,327 82,669

10 to 24 19,394,100 15.6% 3,430 51,580

1 to 9 7,805,700 6.3% 1,518 6,084

Industry Total 124,577,400 100.0% 4,037 66,512

Data Source: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics 2021, 

Table VM-1.

Data Source: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics 2021, 

Table VM-1.

Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 percent because of rounding.

Data Source: Motorcoach Census: A Study of the Size and Activity of the 

Motorcoach Industry in the United States and Canada in 2020. Prepared for the 

American Bus Association Foundation by John Dunham & Associates, January 7, 

2022. Available at https://buses.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/

Motorcoach_Census_Survey_2020.pdf.

1-1 Registered Vehicles in the United States, 2018–2021
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 9

Notes: The number of carriers and/or drivers in operation at any given time is 

subject to change, due to enforcement actions, business turnovers, licensing 

issues, and other factors. Interstate and some intrastate driver counts are based 

on motor carrier registration data contained in the Motor Carrier Management 

Information System (MCMIS); intrastate driver counts for States that do not require 

intrastate carriers to register with FMCSA are estimated via extrapolation of State 

data. 

Data Source: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshot as of December 31, 2022. 

1-4 Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) Drivers Operating in

the United States, 2022

Type 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 

Interstate Freight 541,231 555,567 590,249 708,941 763,867 

Interstate Passenger 12,398 11,900 10,846 10,268 10,019 

Intrastate Hazardous 

Materials

 33,091 35,075 36,626 38,443 39,958 

Total 586,720 602,542 637,721 757,652 813,844 

1-5 Active Motor Carriers by Type, 2018–2022

Notes: The count of intrastate Hazardous Materials (HM) carriers includes a few active 

intrastate non-HM carriers with HM activity that meets the Safety Measurement System 

(SMS)	HM	threshold	definition.	Company	counts	are	estimates	based	on	motor	

carriers in the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) with recent 

activity,	defined	as	those	carriers	that	have	had	an	inspection,	a	crash,	an	investigation,	

a	safety	audit,	an	FMCSA	Motor	Carrier	Identification	Report	(Form	MCS-150)	update,	

a	vehicle	registration	activity,	or	a	Unified	Carrier	Registration	(UCR)	system	payment	

activity in the past 3 years, or have current operating authority indicated in the FMCSA 

Licensing and Insurance (L&I) database. Beginning on November 1, 2013, FMCSA’s 

Unified	Registration	System	(URS)	rule	requires	all	regulated	entities	to	update	their	

registration information every 24 months. The Agency deactivates the U.S. Department 

of Transportation (USDOT) number of any carrier that fails to comply with the biennial 

update requirement. 

Data Source: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshots as of December 28, 2018; December 

27, 2019; December 18, 2020; December 31, 2021; and December 30, 2022.
10 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

Active HM Carriers 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 

Interstate 76,131 80,810 84,226 91,397 93,838 

Interstate HM Carriers Meeting 

SMS Threshold 7,261 7,218 6,563 6,613 6,555 

Interstate HM Carriers with a 

Safety Permit (HMSP)* 883 843 827 799 797 

Intrastate 33,433 35,404 36,919 38,679 40,190 

Intrastate HM Carriers Meeting 

SMS Threshold 2,786 2,886 2,569 2,421 2,357 

Intrastate HMSP* 161 158 142 133 125 

Total Active HMSP Carriers* 1,044 1,001 969 932 922 

Total HM Carriers 109,564 116,214 121,145 130,076 134,028 

1-6 Active Hazardous Materials (HM) Carriers, 2018–2022

Year

Active Household 

Goods Carriers

Household Goods 

Brokers Registered

Property Brokers 

Registered

2018 4,486 711 19,443 

2019 4,666 878 20,892 

2020 4,845 956 23,182 

2021 5,273 1,104 28,080 

2022 5,567 1,169 30,716 

1-7 Household Goods Carriers and Brokers Operating in 

 the United States, 2018–2022

1-8 FMCSA-Regulated Carriers, 2018–2022

Motor Carrier Census Data 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 

Active Carriers with 

a USDOT Number 586,720 602,542 637,721 757,652 813,844 

Power Units 4,650,605 4,788,339 4,899,374 5,132,101 5,405,018 

CDL Drivers 3,615,957 3,634,989 3,765,320 4,167,277 4,172,559 

Total Drivers 5,024,814 5,151,130 5,310,094 5,646,722 5,800,289 

*HMSP carriers are a subset of the total HM carrier population.

Note: The count of intrastate HM carriers includes a few active intrastate non-HM carriers with 

HM	activity	that	meets	the	Safety	Measurement	System	(SMS)	threshold	definition.	

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshots as of December 28, 2018; December 27, 2019; December 18, 2020; December 31, 

2021; and December 30, 2022.

Note: A broker is an individual, partnership, or corporation that receives payment for arranging the 

transportation of property or household goods belonging to others by using an authorized motor carrier. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshots as of December 28, 2018; December 27, 2019; December 18, 2020; December 31, 

2021; and December 30, 2022..

Notes:	Compared	to	prior	publications,	total	driver	and	CDL	counts	changed	due	to	new	filters	

being	applied	to	exclude	erroneous	data	in	the	motor	carrier	registration	file.	Only	interstate	

carriers and intrastate hazardous materials (HM) carriers with recent activity are included in 

this	table.	Beginning	on	November	1,	2013,	FMCSA’s	Unified	Registration	System	(URS)	rule	

requires all regulated entities to update their registration information every 24 months. The 

Agency deactivates the USDOT number of any carrier that fails to comply with the biennial update 

requirement.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data snapshots 

as of December 28, 2018; December 27, 2019; December 18, 2020; December 31, 2021; and 

December 30, 2022.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 11

1-9 Carriers by Headquarters (Domicile) Location, 2022

Notes: Domicile refers to the headquarters location for a carrier. This map displays only interstate 

carriers and intrastate hazardous materials (HM) carriers. Intrastate non-HM carriers are not 

displayed. FMCSA regulates all motor carriers that operate in interstate commerce, and certain 

requirements for motor carriers and commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) that transport HM in 

intrastate commerce. The number of carriers depicted in this map may not be the same as 

reported elsewhere by FMCSA. Due to potential differences in reporting dates and quality issues 

with carrier addresses, this map may not include all current carriers. Additionally, the number of 

carriers that operate at any given time is subject to change due to enforcement actions, business 

turnover, and other factors. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of December 31, 2022.
12 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

1-10 FMCSA-Regulated Carriers by Domicile, 2022

Country

Active Carriers with 

a USDOT Number

Power 

Units

CDL 

Drivers

Total 

Drivers

United States 793,577 5,254,235 4,038,350 5,643,647

Canada 13,968 113,810 110,440 123,518 

Mexico 5,989 34,276 23,556 31,982 

Certificate	Carriers 152 729 514 629 

Commercial Zone Carriers 5,703 31,727 22,150 29,415 

Enterprise Carriers 1,047 8,150 7,303 8,199 

Long Haul Carriers 70 1,573 682 1,675 

Other Countries 310 2,697 213 1,142 

All Domiciles 813,844 5,405,018 4,172,559 5,800,289

Notes: U.S. domiciled carriers include carriers domiciled in the 50 U.S. States, the 

District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories. The sum of the Mexican carrier types 

may not sum to the total as some of the Mexican-owned carriers are domiciled 

in the United States. Only interstate carriers and intrastate hazardous materials 

(HM) carriers with recent activity are included in this table. FMCSA regulates all 

motor carriers that operate in interstate commerce, and certain requirements 

for motor carriers and commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) that transport HM 

in	intrastate	commerce.	Beginning	on	November	1,	2013,	FMCSA’s	Unified	

Registration	System	(URS)	rule	requires	all	regulated	entities	to	update	their	

registration information every 24 months. The Agency deactivates the USDOT 

number of any carrier that fails to comply with the biennial update requirement. 

A	Mexican	certificate	carrier	is	a	Mexico-domiciled	motor	carrier	that	transports	

exempt commodities or operates as a private motor carrier. These motor carriers 

were issued authority to operate trucks to points in the United States beyond 

the	commercial	zones.	FMCSA	stopped	issuing	these	certificates	in	2002.	A	

Mexican commercial zone carrier is a Mexico-domiciled carrier that has authority 

to operate only within the U.S.-Mexico border commercial zones in the United 

States. A Mexican enterprise carrier is a Mexican-owned or controlled carrier that 

is domiciled in the United States and operates in the United States, conducting 

cross-border transportation of international cargo that originates in or is destined 

for a foreign county. A Mexican long-haul carrier is a Mexico-domiciled carrier 

that has authority to engage in long-haul transportation in the United States as 

a motor carrier of property (except household goods and placardable HM) in 

interstate commerce in or beyond the border the border commercial zones. The 

authority does not allow point-to-point transportation service within the United 

States	for	goods	other	than	international	cargo.	Reports	include	activity	for	all	U.S.	

operations	from	the	date	the	carrier	was	first	allowed	to	operate	up	through	the	

date of the current data snapshot. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of December 31, 2022.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 13

1-11 FMCSA-Regulated Carriers by Number of Power Units, 

 2018–2022

Power Units 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 

1 Power Unit 278,448 289,408 317,791 407,872 445,673 

2 Power Units 99,221 101,044 104,620 117,742 125,856 

3–10 Power Units 147,710 149,225 150,545 161,525 168,198 

11–100 Power Units 50,075 51,211 52,121 54,355 56,361 

>100 Power Units 4,396 4,572 4,604 4,753 4,908 

No Power Units/Unreported 6,870 7,082 8,040 11,405 12,848 

Total 586,720 602,542 637,721 757,652 813,844 

1-12 Transportation Services Index (TSI) Freight and 

 Passenger Movement Estimates, 2000–2023

Notes: The Transportation Services Index (TSI), created by the U.S. Department of 

Transportation (USDOT), Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), measures the 

movement of freight and passengers. The index, which is seasonally adjusted and 

updated	monthly,	combines	available	data	on	freight	traffic,	as	well	as	passenger	

travel, that have been weighted to yield a monthly measure of transportation 

services output. TSI numbers are BTS estimates. The index numbers for the latest 

3 months are considered to be preliminary. BTS releases the preliminary number 

for the latest month and replaces the number for the oldest preliminary month with 

a revised number. Seasonal adjustment models for the modal data have been 

updated for the data from January 2000 to the present. 

Data Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation 

Statistics, Transportation Services Index, available at https://data.bts.gov/

Research-and-Statistics/Transportation-ServicesIndex-and-Seasonally-Adjus/

bw6n-ddqk as of August 17, 2022.

Only interstate carriers and intrastate hazardous materials (HM) carriers with 

recent activity are included in this table; FMCSA regulates all motor carriers that 

operate in interstate commerce, and certain requirements for motor carriers and 

commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) that transport HM in intrastate commerce. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshots as of December 28, 2018; December 27, 2019; December 18, 

2020; December 31, 2021; and December 30, 2022.
14 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

1-13 Weight of Freight Shipped within the United States by 

 Mode (in Millions of Tons), 2018–2021

Mode 2018 2019 2020 2021

Truck 12,015 11,942 11,558 11,780

Rail 1,208 1,160 1,034 1,072

Water 677 657 601 615

Air* 2 2 2 2

Multiple Modes and Mail 549 538 512 508

Pipeline 3,399 3,437 3,232 3,292

Other and Unknown 93 89 75 78

Total 17,943 17,825 17,015 17,346

*Includes air and truck-air. 

Notes: Data do not include imports and exports that pass through the United 

States from a foreign origin to a foreign destination by any mode. Data in this 

version are not comparable to similar data in previous years because of updates 

to the Freight Analysis Framework. All truck, rail, water, and pipeline movements 

that involve more than one mode, including exports and imports that change mode 

at international gateways, are included in multiple modes & mail to avoid double 

counting. As a consequence, rail and water totals in this table are less than other 

published sources. 

Data Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation 

Statistics and Federal Highway Administration, Freight Analysis Framework, version 

5.3, 2022, https://www.bts.gov/faf.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 15

1-14 Percent of Total Weight of Freight Moved by Mode, 2021

Notes: Data do not include imports and exports that pass through the United 

States from a foreign origin to a foreign destination by any mode. Data in this 

version are not comparable to similar data in previous years because of updates 

to the Freight Analysis Framework. All truck, rail, water, and pipeline movements 

that involve more than one mode, including exports and imports that change mode 

at international gateways, are included in multiple modes & mail to avoid double 

counting. Air accounts for 0.01 percent of the total domestic freight and is excluded 

from this chart. Percentages may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding. 

 
16 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

1-15	 Number	of	Medical	Examiners	Certified	by	State,	2023

Notes:	In	August	2023,	there	were	90,687	medical	examiners	certified	on	the	

National	Registry	of	Certified	Medical	Examiners	(National	Registry).	If	a	medical	

examiner	has	multiple	offices	in	the	same	State,	the	examiner	is	counted	once.	

However,	if	a	medical	examiner	has	a	business	office	in	two	or	more	States,	the	

examiner will be counted once in each State.

Data	Source:	FMCSA,	National	Registry,	August	10,	2023.	Available	at	https://

nationalregistry.fmcsa.dot.gov.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 17

2-2 Safety Inspectors, Federal and State, 2018–2022

What is an Inspection?

An inspection is an examination of an individual commercial 

motor vehicle (CMV) and/or driver by an authorized safety 

inspector. State inspectors conduct approximately 95 percent 

of inspections, with the remainder conducted by Federal 

inspectors. The inspection determines whether the driver and/

or the CMV is in compliance with the Federal Motor Carrier 

Safety	Regulations	(FMCSRs)	or	the	Hazardous	Materials	

Regulations	(HMRs),	as	appropriate.	Serious	violations	result	

in the issuance of vehicle or driver out-of-service (OOS) 

orders. These violations must be corrected before the affected 

driver or vehicle can return to service.

2. InspectIons and vIoLatIons

2-1 Inspections Conducted by Federal and State Inspectors, 

 2018–2022

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 

Inspections 3,515,954 3,471,201 2,582,347 2,881,848 2,984,331 

State 3,390,262 3,361,853 2,556,548 2,835,323 2,898,862 

Federal 125,692 109,348 25,799 46,525 85,469 

Inspector Type 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 

Safety Inspectors 13,839 13,597 12,782 12,744 12,591 

State 13,320 13,089 12,420 12,275 12,100 

Federal 519 508 362 469 491 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 27, 2023.

Note: Not all personnel indicated are assigned full-time to conducting inspections. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 27, 2023.
18 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

2-3 Inspections by County, 2022

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 27, 2023. 
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 19

2-4 Inspection Out-of-Service (OOS) Rates, 2018–2022

Type of Inspection 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Driver Inspections* 3,402,946 3,355,104 2,471,877 2,770,737 2,879,966

With OOS Violation 161,203 170,803 129,390 170,268 198,493

Driver	OOS	Rate 4.7% 5.1% 5.2% 6.1% 6.9%

Vehicle Inspections** 2,410,876 2,385,606 1,767,656 1,966,954 2,016,103

With OOS Violation 501,729 492,288 365,569 420,686 455,079

Vehicle	OOS	Rate 20.8% 20.6% 20.7% 21.4% 22.6%

Hazmat Inspections*** 202,077 202,967 150,350 168,383 170,967

With OOS Violation 8,437 9,149 6,557 7,562 7,757

Hazmat	OOS	Rate 4.2% 4.5% 4.4% 4.5% 4.5%

*Driver Inspections were computed based on inspection levels I, II, III, and VI. 

**Vehicle Inspections were computed based on inspection levels I, II, V, and VI. 

***Hazmat Inspections were computed based on inspection levels I, II, III, IV, V, and VI 

when hazardous materials were present. 

Notes: Inspection OOS rates depicted in this table include both large trucks and buses. 

Counts in this table include Federal and State inspections. For more information on 

inspections and inspection levels, please refer to https://www.cvsa.org/inspections/allinspection-levels/. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 27, 2023. 
20 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

2-5 Inspections by Level, 2018–2022

2-6 Inspections by Level, 2022

Inspection Level 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 

I. Full 1,104,938 1,070,216 775,583 865,811 875,124 

With OOS Violation(s)* 278,174 266,685 194,466 228,361 240,424 

II. Walk-Around 1,202,248 1,208,788 892,420 1,000,551 1,043,067 

With OOS Violation(s)* 280,165 285,685 221,448 258,647 290,107 

III. Driver Only 1,094,817 1,075,107 803,280 903,734 960,978 

With OOS Violation(s)* 55,528 58,482 44,104 59,409 69,423 

IV. Special Study 10,261 10,488 11,411 11,160 7,250 

With OOS Violation(s)* 1,998 1,755 1,889 1,864 1,188 

V. Terminal 102,747 105,609 99,059 99,951 97,115 

With OOS Violation(s)* 5,722 5,876 4,587 4,821 4,659 

VI.	Radioactive	Materials 943 993 594 641 797 

With OOS Violation(s)* 5 8 5 7 3 

Total 3,515,954 3,471,201 2,582,347 2,881,848 2,984,331

Note: For more information on inspections and inspection levels, please refer to 

https://www.cvsa.org/inspections/all-inspection-levels/. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 27, 2023. 

*Out-of-service (OOS) violation numbers are based on inspections. For example, in 

2021, there were 863,851 Level I inspections completed, 225,648 resulted in at least 

one OOS violation. 

Note: For more information on inspections and inspection levels, please refer to 

https://cvsa.org/inspections/inspections/all-inspection-levels/. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 27, 2023.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 21

2-7 Inspections by Carrier Fleet Size, 2018–2022

2-8 Inspections by Carrier Operation, 2018–2022

2-9 Inspections by Gross Combination Weight Rating 

 (GCWR), 2018–2022

Carrier Fleet Size 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Very Small 

(1-6 Power Units) 1,118,490 1,093,631 825,816 966,933 1,025,767 

Small 

(7-20 Power Units) 614,298 608,958 440,880 490,565 501,116 

Medium 

(21-100 Power Units) 737,394 720,773 528,433 579,398 593,936 

Large 

(>100 Power Units) 895,320 898,347 693,024 746,331 774,500 

Unknown 150,448 149,492 94,194 98,621 89,012 

Total 3,515,950 3,471,201 2,582,347 2,881,848 2,984,331 

Carrier Operation 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Interstate 2,794,424 2,767,629 2,038,729 2,318,901 2,427,840 

Intrastate 721,530 703,572 543,618 562,947 556,491 

Total 3,515,954 3,471,201 2,582,347 2,881,848 2,984,331

GCWR 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

<10,000 pounds 15,657 15,090 9,290 9,371 9,126 

10,000 - 26,000 pounds 547,994 561,457 451,694 500,918 520,010 

>26,000 pounds 2,829,302 2,776,960 2,016,786 2,238,590 2,337,086 

Unknown 123,001 117,694 104,577 132,969 118,109 

Total 3,515,954 3,471,201 2,582,347 2,881,848 2,984,331 

Note: Carriers listed as having zero power units are included in the “Unknown” 

category.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 27, 2023. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 27, 2023. 

Note:	GCWRs	are	based	on	Inspection	Reports	as	reported	in	Motor	Carrier	

Management Information System (MCMIS). 

Data Source: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshot as of January 27, 2023.
22 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

2-10 Most Frequent Driver Violations in Inspections, 2022

Violation Code Category Violation Description

Number of 

Violations

392.2C Failure	To	Obey	Traffic	

Control Device

Failure	to	obey	traffic	control	device 65,675 

392.2-SLLS2 Speeding State/Local Laws - Speeding 6-10 miles per hour 

over the speed limit.

 63,561 

395.8(e) False Log Book False report of drivers record of duty status 60,856 

392.16 Seat Belt Failing to use seat belt while operating a CMV 53,638 

383.23(a)(2) All Other Driver 

Violations

Operating a CMV without a CDL 51,401 

392.2LV All Other Driver 

Violations

Lane	Restriction	violation 41,531 

391.41(a)(1) Medical	Certificate Operating a property-carrying vehicle without 

possessing	a	valid	medical	certificate	-	no	previous	

history.

 40,375 

395.8A-ELD No Log Book,Log Not 

Current,General Log 

Violations

ELD	-	No	record	of	duty	status	(ELD	Required) 40,061 

392.2MI All Other Driver 

Violations

Miscellaneous	Traffic	Law	Violation 39,607 

395.8 Log Book Form And 

Manner

Record	of	Duty	Status	violation	(general/form	and	

manner)

 39,263 

391.41(a) Medical	Certificate No	medical	certificate	in	driver's	possession 31,293 

392.2-SLLS3 Speeding State/Local Laws - Speeding 11-14 miles per hour 

over the speed limit.

 30,826 

392.2-SLLS1 Speeding State/Local Laws - Speeding 1-5 miles per hour 

over the speed limit.

 23,521 

395.24D All Other Hours-OfServiceELD cannot transfer ELD records electronically 23,050 

395.8F01 No Log Book,Log Not 

Current,General Log 

Violations

Drivers record of duty status not current 22,374 

395.24C2III Log Book Form And 

Manner

Driver failed to manually add shipping document 

number

 22,233 

395.22H4 All Other Hours-OfServiceDriver failed to maintain supply of blank drivers 

records of duty status graph-grids

 21,804 

395.30B1 Log Book Form And 

Manner

Driver failed to certify the accuracy of the 

information gathered by the ELD

 21,680 

392.2-SLLS4 Speeding State/Local Laws - Speeding 15 or more miles per 

hour over the speed limit.

 21,358 

392.82(a)1 All Other Driver 

Violations

Using a hand-held mobile telephone while 

operating a CMV

 18,635 

Notes: Total number of driver inspections in 2022: 2,879,966. Total number of driver 

violations in 2022: 1,094,979. Total number of driver out-of-service (OOS) violations in 

2022: 239,910. Only the top 20 driver violations (based on frequency of occurrence) are 

listed in this table. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 27, 2023.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 23

Violation 

Code Category Violation Description

Number of 

Violations

393.9 Lighting Inoperable	Required	Lamp 372,664 

396.17(c) Periodic 

Inspection

Operating a CMV without proof of a periodic 

inspection

 187,803 

393.47(e) Brakes, Out Of 

Adjustment

Clamp	or	Roto	type	brake	out-of-adjustment 131,339 

393.95(a) Emergency 

Equipment

No/discharged/unsecured	fire	extinguisher 124,635 

393.9TS Lighting Inoperative turn signal 116,051 

393.75(a)(3) Tires Tire-flat	and/or	audible	air	leak 109,317 

396.3(a)(1) All Other Vehicle 

Defects

Inspection, repair and maintenance of parts and 

accessories

 91,975 

393.78 Windshield Windshield wipers inoperative/defective 87,246 

393.11 Lighting No	or	defective	lighting	devices	or	reflective	material	

as required

 82,706 

393.53(b) Brakes, All Others CMV manufactured after 10/19/94 has an automatic 

airbrake adjustment system that fails to compensate 

for wear

 80,279 

393.75(c) Tires Tire-other tread depth less than 2/32 of inch 

measured in a major tread groove

 74,580 

396.5(b) All Other Vehicle 

Defects

Oil and/or grease leak 67,609 

393.95(f) Emergency 

Equipment

No	/	insufficient	warning	devices 61,555 

393.9H Lighting Inoperable head lamps 59,580 

393.45(b)(2) Brakes, All Others Brake	hose	or	tubing	chafing	and/or	kinking 56,190 

393.48(a) Brakes, All Others Inoperative/defective brakes 55,798 

396.3(a)1BOS Brakes, Out Of 

Adjustment

Brakes Out Of Service: The number of defective 

brakes is equal to or greater than 20 percent of the 

service brakes on the vehicle or combination

 55,138 

393.55(e) Brakes, All Others No or Defective ABS Malfunction Indicator Lamp for 

trailer manufactured after 03/01/1998

 55,066 

393.9(a) Lighting Inoperative Brake Lamps 47,916 

396.3A1B Brakes, All Others Brakes (general) Explain: 44,572 

2-11 Most Frequent Vehicle Violations in Inspections, 2022

Notes: Total number of vehicle inspections in 2022: 2,016,103. Total number of vehicle 

violations in 2022: 3,149,465. Total number of vehicle out-of-service (OOS) violations in 

2022: 680,510. Only the top 20 vehicle violations (based on frequency of occurrence) 

are listed in this table.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 27, 2023.
24 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

2-12	 Traffic	Enforcement	Inspections,	2018–2022

Activity Summary 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 

Total	Number	of	Traffic	

Enforcement Inspections

 567,502 590,860 492,564 550,064 573,211 

Number	of	Traffic	Enforcement	

Inspections (Driver observed) 350,102 353,637 293,931 334,411 353,500 

With Moving Violations 345,943 349,419 290,438 328,143 344,281 

With Drug & Alcohol Violations 5,365 5,492 4,275 5,650 6,455 

With	Railroad	Crossing	

Violations 210 252 183 173 192 

Number	of	Traffic	Enforcement	

Inspections (Vehicle observed) 217,400 237,223 198,633 215,653 219,711 

Activity Summary 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 

Total	Number	of	Traffic	

Enforcement Violations

 805,524 855,046 726,513 823,539 865,946 

Number	of	Traffic	Enforcement	

Violations (Driver observed) 378,827 384,204 319,025 364,766 385,780 

Moving Violations 372,043 377,131 313,289 355,025 372,258 

Drug & Alcohol Violations 6,573 6,820 5,182 6,854 7,657 

Railroad	Crossing	Violations 211 253 184 173 192 

Number	of	Traffic	Enforcement	

Violations (Vehicle observed) 426,697 470,842 407,488 458,773 480,166 

2-13	 Traffic	Enforcement	Violations,	2018–2022

Notes: One inspection may result in more than one violation; therefore, totals may 

not	equal	the	sum	of	all	components.	The	traffic	enforcement	program	involves	the	

enforcement of 26 moving and non-moving driver violations, which are included in 

the driver violation portion of the inspection procedures. As of January 2017, two new 

traffic	enforcement	violations	were	added:	“driving	a	commercial	motor	vehicle	(CMV)	

while texting” and “using a hand-held mobile telephone while operating a CMV.” These 

violations are included in the moving violations category. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 27, 2023.

Notes:	The	traffic	enforcement	program	involves	the	enforcement	of	26	moving	and	

non-moving driver violations, which are included in the driver violation portion of the 

inspection procedures. Inspections that result in drug- or alcohol-related violations are 

included	as	traffic	enforcement	type	inspections	if	another	moving	violation	is	present.	

As	of	January	2017,	two	new	traffic	enforcement	violations	were	added:	“driving	a	

commercial motor vehicle (CMV) while texting” and “using a hand-held mobile telephone 

while operating a CMV.” These violations are included in the moving violations category. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 27, 2023.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 25

3. InvestIgatIons

This chapter provides summarized data for the past 5 years 

on all types of investigations and reviews conducted on motor 

carriers that transport property or passengers in interstate 

or intrastate commerce. Investigations are conducted to 

investigate	identified	areas	of	non-compliance	and	safety	

concerns,	with	a	focus	on	carriers	identified	as	high	risk;	to	

investigate complaints; or in response to other safety and 

compliance concerns. It is intended that through education, 

heightened safety regulation awareness, and the enforcement 

effects of investigations, motor carriers will improve the safety 

of their commercial vehicle operations and, ultimately, reduce 

their involvement in crashes. 

The Compliance, Safety, Accountability (CSA) program is 

FMCSA’s enforcement model to focus the Agency’s efforts 

on large truck and bus safety and to prevent crashes, 

injuries, and fatalities related to commercial motor vehicles 

(CMVs). This program has introduced an enforcement 

and compliance model that allows FMCSA and its State 

partners to contact more carriers earlier in order to address 

safety	deficiencies	before	crashes	occur.	The	CSA	program	

provides a nationwide system for making the roads safer for 

motor carriers and the public alike. 

Companies investigated by FMCSA include, but are not 

limited to: trucking companies, household goods moving 

companies, bus companies, cargo tank facilities, and 

hazardous materials shippers. 

For more statistics on investigations, please refer to: 

https://ai.fmcsa.dot.gov/SafetyProgram/Review.aspx.
26 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

3-1 Investigations by State, 2022

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 27, 2023. 
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 27

3-3 Interventions by Type, 2018–2022

Intervention Type 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 

Investigations 14,222 13,040 11,460 12,342 12,496 

Onsite Comprehensive 5,883 5,359 1,974 2,345 3,609 

Onsite Focused 7,418 5,937 3,609 5,009 5,375 

Offsite 330 1,374 5,759 4,874 3,356 

Cargo	Tank	Facility	Reviews 92 82 27 30 55 

Shipper	Reviews 12 7 2 1 - 

Non-Rated	Reviews 502 293 90 83 105 

Warning Letters 30,150 26,564 22,230 28,181 32,463 

Security	Contact	Reviews 349 344 164 103 34 

Total Terminal Investigations 20,442 25,010 23,700 22,777 19,755 

3-2 Investigations Conducted by Federal and State 

 Investigators, 2018–2022

Investigations 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 

State 6,048 5,377 4,412 4,353 4,263 

Federal 8,174 7,663 7,048 7,989 8,233 

Total 14,222 13,040 11,460 12,342 12,496 

3-4 FMCSA-Regulated Carriers by Safety Rating, 2022

Note: In order to receive a safety rating, a carrier must have received a compliance 

review or comprehensive onsite investigation.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 27, 2023.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 27, 2023.

Notes: Warning letters are based on a Safety Measurement System (SMS) algorithm 

that was implemented nationally in December of 2010.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 27, 2023.

Safety 

Rating

Interstate 

Freight 

Carriers

Intrastate HM 

Carriers

Interstate 

Passenger 

Carriers All Carriers

Conditional 11,229 485 136 11,850 

Satisfactory 29,634 1,662 2,410 33,706 

Unsatisfactory 882 119 6 1,007 

No	Rating 702,245 37,649 7,120 747,014 

Total 743,990 39,915 9,672 793,577 
28 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

3-5 Passenger Carrier, Hazardous Materials Carrier, and

 Household Goods Carrier Investigations, 2018–2022

Carriers by Vehicle Type 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 

Any Passenger Vehicles* 1,166 1,164 399 468 715 

Motorcoaches 915 966 227 284 578 

School Buses 176 316 107 121 102 

Vans 281 160 91 134 191 

Mini Buses 390 178 70 175 253 

Limousines 100 219 80 36 65 

Hazardous Materials 524 564 440 511 534 

Household Goods 174 135 63 66 165 

3-6 Investigations by Carrier Fleet Size, 2018–2022 

Carrier Fleet Size 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Very Small (1-6 Power Units) 8,477 7,509 6,150 6,641 6,788 

Small (7-20 Power Units) 3,614 3,413 3,248 3,604 3,452 

Medium (21-100 Power Units) 1,701 1,643 1,688 1,701 1,826 

Large (>100 Power Units) 339 355 328 365 378 

No Power Units/Unreported 91 120 46 31 52 

Total 14,222 13,040 11,460 12,342 12,496 

*The “Any Passenger Vehicles” row might not equal the sum of subcategories for a 

given row due to carriers applying for multiple passenger authority at the time of the 

application.

Notes: Passenger carriers were those carriers that registered to transport passengers 

and owned or leased at least one passenger vehicle (motorcoach, school bus, van, 

mini-bus, or limousine). Beginning in 2014, reporting criteria for identifying passenger 

carrier investigations was updated. As a result, data may differ from previous versions. 

Passenger	carrier	investigations	now	reflect	investigations	performed	by	Federal	

and State personnel on motor carriers that were subject to the Safety Measurement 

System (SMS) passenger carrier threshold at the time of the investigations. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 27, 2023.

Note: Carriers listed as having zero power units are included in the “No Power 

Units/Unreported” category. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 27, 2023.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 29

Year Safety Audits Safety Audit Pass Rate

2018 37,348 89.30%

2019 40,277 88.20%

2020 40,221 92.60%

2021 48,392 92.30%

2022 63,554 92.30%

3-7 New Entrant Safety Audits, 2018–2022

Notes: A new entrant is a motor carrier that applies for a USDOT number in order 

to initiate operations in interstate commerce or the intrastate transportation of 

hazardous materials (HM). Carriers remain in the New Entrant Safety Assurance 

Program until they pass the safety audit and have been in business for 18 

months. For more information on the New Entrant Safety Assurance Program, 

visit https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/new-entrant-safety-assurance-program.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 27, 2023.
30 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

3-8 Summary of Closed Enforcement Cases, 2018–2022

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Subject Type

Cases

(Amount 

Settled)

Cases

(Amount 

Settled)

Cases

(Amount 

Settled)

Cases

(Amount 

Settled)

Cases

(Amount 

Settled)

Broker

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

1

 ($3,880)

0

 ($0)

Cargo Tank 

Facility

25

 ($593,650)

14

 ($94,500)

9

 ($12,288,560)

3

 ($33,080)

5

 ($82,840)

Carrier

4127

 ($29,138,349)

3499

 ($22,443,295)

2402

 ($14,589,814)

2685

 ($17,593,615)

3456

 ($24,231,641)

Drug Consortium

0

 ($0)

1

 ($5,890)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

Freight Forwarder

70

 ($955,874)

42

 ($434,932)

11

 ($59,700)

13

 ($61,350)

17

 ($107,780)

HM Carrier

139

 ($1,673,220)

121

 ($1,161,700)

54

 ($405,289)

39

 ($455,370)

81

 ($830,690)

HM Carrier (Not 

Placarded)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

1

 ($3,110)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

HM Carrier/

Shipper

80

 ($963,390)

52

 ($575,100)

25

 ($287,780)

32

 ($264,540)

39

 ($330,930)

HM Carrier/

Shipper (Not 

Placarded)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

Not Carrier 

(45-Day)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

Other

4

 ($16,716)

3

 ($19,640)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

Passenger 

Carrier

92

 ($972,746)

63

 ($449,133)

34

 ($217,650)

11

 ($64,369)

20

 ($87,060)

Shipper

2

 ($30,110)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

1

 ($29,390)

Small Passenger 

Carrier

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

Total

4539

 ($34,344,055)

3795

 ($25,184,190)

2536

 ($27,851,903)

2784

 ($18,476,204)

3619

 ($25,700,331)

Notes: FMCSA is responsible for ensuring full compliance with all Federal Motor 

Carrier	Safety	Regulations	(FMCSRs)	and	Hazardous	Materials	Regulations	(HMRs)	

required of large truck and bus companies regulated by the U.S. Department 

of Transportation (USDOT). This table provides data for 5 calendar years of 

enforcement cases considered “closed” for large truck and bus companies regulated 

by the USDOT. An enforcement case is deemed “closed” once FMCSA issues a 

carrier a “Notice of Claim” (NOC) and the carrier has (1) paid the penalty in full, 

(2) signed a settlement agreement, (3) defaulted on the NOC, upon which a “Final 

Agency Order” is issued, or (4) found liable for violations charged in the NOC after 

adjudication.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 27, 2023.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 31

4. crashes

In 2021, of the 39,508 fatal crashes on the Nation’s roadways, 5,340 (13.5 

percent) involved at least one large truck or bus. In addition, there were an 

estimated 6,064,000 nonfatal crashes, 531,000 (8.7 percent) of which involved 

at least one large truck or bus. For more information on large truck and bus 

crashes, please refer to the annual Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts publication 

available at https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/data-and-statistics/large-truck-andbus-crash-facts.

Data Sources:

FARS:	Maintained	by	the	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	

(NHTSA),	the	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS)	is	an	annual	census	of	

fatal	crashes	involving	motor	vehicles	traveling	on	public	trafficways.	Beginning	

with	data	for	2016,	the	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	

implemented	changes	to	revise	vehicle	classification	based	on	gross	vehicle	

weight	rating	(GVWR),	which	reclassified	329	light	pickup	trucks	as	large	trucks.	

Due	to	this	methodology	change,	comparisons	of	the	2016	(and	later)	FARS	

large truck data with prior years should be performed with caution. For more 

information	on	FARS,	refer	to	https://www.nhtsa.gov/FARS.

CRSS:	NHTSA	established	the	Crash	Report	Sampling	System	(CRSS)	in	2016	

when	the	long-running	General	Estimates	System	(GES)	was	retired.	CRSS	

is a sample of police-reported crashes involving all types of motor vehicles, 

pedestrians, and cyclists, ranging from property-damage-only crashes to those 

that	result	in	fatalities.	CRSS	is	used	to	estimate	the	overall	crash	picture,	identify	

highway safety problem areas, measure trends, inform consumer information 

initiatives,	and	support	cost	and	benefit	analyses	of	highway	safety	initiatives	and	

regulations.	The	data	from	CRSS	yield	national	estimates	through	a	weighting	

procedure	but	cannot	give	State-level	estimates.	Because	CRSS	is	a	sample	

of motor vehicle crashes, the results generated are estimates rounded to the 

nearest 1000; however, associated percentages and rates are based on the 

unrounded	data.	To	learn	more	about	CRSS,	visit	https://www.nhtsa.gov/crashdata-systems/crash-report-sampling-system.

MCMIS: Maintained by FMCSA, the Motor Carrier Management Information 

System (MCMIS) Crash File contains data on commercial trucks and buses 

in fatal, injury, and towaway crashes (crashes in which at least one vehicle is 

disabled as a result of the crash and transported away from the crash scene). 

Crash	severity	thresholds	and	vehicle	type	definitions	in	MCMIS	differ	slightly	

from	those	in	FARS	and	GES/CRSS,	and	all	tables	are	noted	accordingly.	All	

MCMIS crash data presented are considered preliminary for 22 months. For 
32 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

more information on MCMIS, refer to https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/registration/

mcmis-catalog/mcmis-data-dissemination-program-mcmis-catalog.

NHTSA Crash Severity Levels:

This Pocket Guide includes data on police-reported crashes collected by 

NHTSA, which include fatal, injury, and property-damage-only (PDO) crashes.

 

1. Fatal crashes include police-reported crashes involving a motor vehicle in 

transport	on	a	trafficway	in	which	at	least	one	person	dies	within	30	days	of	

the crash. The fatality does not have to occur at the scene of the crash and 

includes any person involved, including non-motorists. 

 

2. Injury crashes include police-reported crashes involving a motor vehicle 

in	transport	on	a	trafficway	in	which	no	one	died	but	at	least	one	person	

was reported to have: (1) an incapacitating injury; (2) a visible but not 

incapacitating injury; (3) a possible, not visible injury; or (4) an injury of 

unknown severity. 

3. PDO crashes include police-reported crashes involving a motor vehicle in 

transport	on	a	trafficway	in	which	no	one	involved	in	the	crash	suffered	any	

injuries. 

For more information on crash severity levels, refer to NHTSA’s

National	Center	for	Statistics	and	Analysis	(NCSA)	Data	Resource	Website	at:	

https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov

Vehicles in Crashes: 

Large Trucks: FARS	and	CRSS	define	a	large	truck	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	

vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	The	Motor	Carrier	

Management	Information	System	(MCMIS)	defines	a	large	truck	as	a	vehicle	

designed,	used,	or	maintained	primarily	for	carrying	property,	with	a	GVWR	or	

gross	combination	weight	rating	(GCWR)	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	or	any	

vehicle carrying hazardous materials that requires placarding, regardless of 

weight. 

Buses:	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	

including the driver.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 33

4-2 Fatal Crashes by Vehicle Type, 2018–2021

Year

Number of Crashes Involving: 

Large Trucks Buses Large Trucks and Buses All Vehicle Types

2018 4,461 234 4,678 33,919

2019 4,502 234 4,722 33,487

2020 4,423 164 4,574 35,935

2021 5,149 204 5,340 39,508

4-1 Total Crashes by Vehicle Type, 2018–2021

Year

Number of Crashes Involving:

Large Trucks Buses Large Trucks and Buses All Vehicle Types

2018 499,000 65,000 560,000 6,735,000

2019 511,000 72,000 580,000 6,755,000

2020 407,000 33,000 439,000 5,251,000

2021 494,000 48,000 536,000 6,104,000

Notes: Individual subtotals may not sum to the totals due to the potential for double counting 

(e.g.,	crashes	involving	both	a	truck	and	a	bus).	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	

a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	is	defined	as	

a vehicle with seats for at least nine people, including the driver. The “All Vehicle Types” 

category includes crashes involving passenger cars, light trucks, large trucks, buses, 

motorcycles, or any other type of motor vehicle. These numbers include fatal crash data 

from	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS)	and	injury	crash	and	property-damage-only	

(PDO)	crash	data	from	Crash	Report	Sampling	System	(CRSS).	CRSS	is	a	sample	of	motor	

vehicle crashes—the results generated are estimates rounded to the nearest one thousand; 

however, associated percentages and rates are based on the unrounded data.

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	FARS,	and	CRSS.

Notes: Individual subtotals may not sum to the totals due to the potential for double counting 

(e.g.,	crashes	involving	both	a	truck	and	a	bus).	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	

vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	

seats for at least nine people, including the driver. The “All Vehicle Types” category includes 

crashes involving passenger cars, light trucks, large trucks, buses, motorcycles, or any other 

type of motor vehicle.

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	Fatality	Analysis	

Reporting	System	(FARS).
34 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

4-3 Injury Crashes by Vehicle Type, 2018–2021

Year

Number of Crashes Involving: 

Large Trucks Buses Large Trucks and Buses All Vehicle Types

2018 107,000 15,000 121,000 1,894,000

2019 114,000 13,000 127,000 1,916,000

2020 99,000 8,000 107,000 1,593,000

2021 110,000 10,000 119,000 1,728,000

4-4 Property-Damage-Only (PDO) Crashes by Vehicle Type, 

 2018–2021

Year

Number of Crashes Involving: 

Large Trucks Buses Large Trucks and Buses All Vehicle Types

2018 388,000 50,000 434,000 4,807,000

2019 392,000 59,000 448,000 4,806,000

2020 304,000 25,000 327,000 3,622,000

2021 379,000 38,000 412,000 4,336,000

Notes: Individual subtotals may not sum to the totals due to the potential for double counting 

(e.g.,	crashes	involving	both	a	truck	and	a	bus).	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	

vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	

seats for at least nine people, including the driver. The “All Vehicle Types” category includes 

crashes involving passenger cars, light trucks, large trucks, buses, motorcycles, or any other 

type	of	motor	vehicle.	These	numbers	include	injury	crash	data	from	Crash	Report	Sampling	

System	(CRSS).	CRSS	is	a	sample	of	motor	vehicle	crashes—the	results	are	estimates	

rounded to the nearest one thousand; however, associated percentages and rates are based 

on the unrounded data.

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	CRSS.

Notes: Individual subtotals may not sum to the totals due to the potential for double counting 

(e.g.,	crashes	involving	both	a	truck	and	a	bus).	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	

vehicle	wight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	

seats for at least nine people, including the driver. The “All Vehicle Types” category includes 

crashes involving passenger cars, light trucks, large trucks, buses, motorcycles, or any other 

type	of	motor	vehicle.	These	numbers	include	PDO	crash	data	from	Crash	Report	Sampling	

System	(CRSS).	CRSS	is	a	sample	of	motor	vehicle	crashes—the	results	generated	are	

estimates rounded to the nearest one thousand; however, associated percentages and rates 

are based on the unrounded data.

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	CRSS.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 35

4-5 Large Truck Fatal Crashes, 1975–2021

Year

Fatal 

Crashes 

Involving 

Large 

Trucks

Large 

Truck 

Occupant 

Fatalities

Total 

Fatalities 

in Large 

Truck 

Crashes

Million 

VMT by 

Large 

Trucks

Rates per 

100 Million VMT

Large 

Trucks 

Registered

Fatal 

Crashes 

Involving 

Large 

Trucks

Fatalities 

in Large 

Truck 

Crashes

1975 3,722 961 4,483 81,330 4.58 5.51 5,362,369

1980 5,042 1262 5,971 108,491 4.65 5.50 5,790,653

1985 4,841 977 5,734 123,504 3.92 4.64 5,996,337

1990 4,518 705 5,272 146,242 3.09 3.60 6,195,876

1995 4,194 648 4,918 178,156 2.35 2.76 6,719,421

2000 4,573 754 5,282 205,520 2.23 2.57 8,022,649

2005 4,551 804 5,240 222,523 2.05 2.35 8,481,999

2010 3,271 530 3,686 286,527 1.14 1.29 10,770,054

2011 3,365 640 3,781 267,594 1.26 1.41 10,270,693

2012 3,486 697 3,944 269,207 1.29 1.47 10,659,380

2013 3,554 695 3,981 275,017 1.29 1.45 10,597,356

2014 3,429 656 3,908 279,132 1.23 1.40 10,905,956

2015 3,622 665 4,094 279,844 1.29 1.46 11,203,184

2016† 4,177 815 4,678 287,895 1.45 1.62 11,498,561

2017† 4,367 878 4,906 297,593 1.47 1.65 12,229,216

2018† 4,461 890 5,006 304,864 1.46 1.64 13,233,910

2019† 4,502 893 5,032 300,050 1.50 1.68 13,085,643

2020† 4,423 822 4,945 297,649 1.49 1.66 12,899,371

2021† 5,149 1008 5,788 327,026 1.57 1.77 13,859,181

4-6 Large Truck Injury Crashes, 2018–2021

Year

Injury 

Crashes 

Involving 

Large 

Trucks

Large 

Trucks 

Involved 

in Injury 

Crashes

Persons 

Injured 

in Large 

Truck 

Crashes

Million 

VMT by 

Large 

Trucks

Rates per 

100 Million VMT

Large 

Trucks 

Registered

Injury 

Crashes 

Involving 

Large 

Trucks

Persons 

Injured 

in Large 

Truck 

Crashes

2018 107,000 112,000 151,000 304,864 35.0 49.4 13,233,910

2019 114,000 119,000 158,000 300,050 38.0 52.8 13,085,643

2020 99,000 105,000 142,000 297,649 33.2 47.6 12,899,371

2021 110,000 117,000 155,000 327,026 33.6 47.3 13,859,181

†Beginning	with	data	for	2016,	the	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	implemented	

changes	to	revise	vehicle	classification	based	on	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR),	which	reclassified	329	

light pickup trucks as large trucks. Due to this methodology change, comparisons of the 2016 (and later) Fatality 

Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS)	large	truck	data	with	prior	years	should	be	performed	with	caution.

Notes:	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	GVWR	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	The	Federal	Highway	

Administration (FHWA) implemented an enhanced methodology for estimating registered vehicles and vehicle 

miles traveled (VMT) by vehicle type beginning with data from 2007. As a result, involvement rates may differ, and 

in	some	cases	significantly,	from	earlier	years.

Data	Sources:	FARS	and	Vehicle	Miles	Traveled	and	Registered	Vehicles	–	Federal	Highway	Administration	

(FHWA), Highway Statistics 2021. 

Notes:	“Persons	Injured”	includes	all	nonfatally	injured	persons	in	injury	and	fatal	crashes.	A	large	truck	is	defined	

as	a	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	The	rates	displayed	in	this	

table	based	on	unrounded	Crash	Report	Sampling	System	(CRSS)	data.	CRSS	is	a	sample	of	motor	vehicle	

crashes--the results generated are estimates rounded to the nearest one thousand; however, associated 

percentages and rates are based on the unrounded data.

Data	Sources:	Vehicle	Miles	Traveled	and	Registered	Vehicles;	Federal	Highway	Administration	(FHWA),	

Highway Statistics 2021,	Injury	Crashes,	Vehicles	Involved,	and	Persons	Injured:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	

Administration	(NHTSA),	and	CRSS.
36 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

4-7 Large Truck and Bus Fatality Rates Per 100 Million Total 

 Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) by State, 2020 and 2021

State

2020† 2021†

Fatalities Million VMT Fatality Rate Fatalities Million VMT Fatality Rate

Alabama 145 67,921 0.21 150 71,892 0.21

Alaska 9 5,306 0.17 8 5,752 0.14

Arizona 124 65,758 0.19 152 73,760 0.21

Arkansas 89 33,919 0.26 117 38,427 0.30

California 427 299,812 0.14 447 310,823 0.14

Colorado 87 48,642 0.18 105 53,840 0.20

Connecticut 27 29,845 0.09 29 28,989 0.10

Delaware 11 8,345 0.13 14 10,152 0.14

D.C. 2 3,030 0.07 6 3,248 0.18

Florida 355 208,076 0.17 402 217,566 0.18

Georgia 247 115,967 0.21 249 120,685 0.21

Hawaii 7 8,785 0.08 8 9,972 0.08

Idaho 52 17,406 0.30 46 19,308 0.24

Illinois 176 94,121 0.19 185 97,530 0.19

Indiana 156 76,608 0.20 172 78,640 0.22

Iowa 73 29,751 0.25 69 33,039 0.21

Kansas 72 27,854 0.26 79 31,693 0.25

Kentucky 119 46,536 0.26 133 48,111 0.28

Louisiana 103 48,374 0.21 138 54,728 0.25

Maine 22 13,086 0.17 18 14,560 0.12

Maryland 60 50,885 0.12 43 56,601 0.08

Massachusetts 27 54,127 0.05 35 59,115 0.06

Michigan 77 86,547 0.09 118 96,744 0.12

Minnesota 59 51,619 0.11 85 57,171 0.15

Mississippi 88 39,665 0.22 110 40,853 0.27

Missouri 113 72,797 0.16 138 79,791 0.17

Montana 33 12,104 0.27 39 13,482 0.29

Nebraska 56 19,432 0.29 57 21,210 0.27

Nevada 43 25,231 0.17 67 27,077 0.25

New Hampshire 11 11,956 0.09 7 13,130 0.05

New Jersey 61 66,341 0.09 94 73,673 0.13

New Mexico 52 23,756 0.22 89 26,823 0.33

New York 127 102,477 0.12 129 106,870 0.12

North Carolina 174 106,342 0.16 178 117,734 0.15

North Dakota 21 8,768 0.24 13 9,256 0.14

Ohio 152 103,115 0.15 223 112,923 0.20

Oklahoma 89 42,000 0.21 138 44,760 0.31

Oregon 76 32,298 0.24 88 36,842 0.24

Pennsylvania 138 87,982 0.16 167 102,686 0.16

Rhode	Island 6 6,864 0.09 3 7,526 0.04

South Carolina 134 53,972 0.25 149 57,492 0.26

South Dakota 27 9,743 0.28 20 9,994 0.20

Tennessee 182 76,392 0.24 188 82,596 0.23

Texas 650 260,582 0.25 821 285,028 0.29

Utah 42 30,251 0.14 67 33,638 0.20

Vermont 4 6,007 0.07 8 6,625 0.12

Virginia 113 76,110 0.15 126 80,102 0.16

Washington 64 53,658 0.12 90 57,797 0.16

West Virginia 34 16,054 0.21 46 16,079 0.29

Wisconsin 72 57,600 0.13 107 64,983 0.16

Wyoming 25 9,800 0.26 21 11,097 0.19

National Totals 5,113 2,903,622 0.18 5,991 3,132,411 0.19

Notes: D.C. = District of Columbia. The fatality rate equals “Fatalities” divided by “Million VMT,” multiplied by 100. 

A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	

is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	including	the	driver.	 	 Data	Sources:	Vehicle	Miles	Traveled	and	Registered	Vehicles	–	Federal	Highway	Administration	(FHWA),	

Highway Statistics 2021;	Fatalities	–	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	Fatality	Analysis	 Reporting	System	(FARS).
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 37

4-8 Large Truck and Bus Fatality Rates Per 100 Million Total 

 Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) by State, 2021

Data Sources: Vehicle Miles Traveled - FHWA, Highway Statistics 2021; Fatalities - 

National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	

System	(FARS).
38 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

4-9 Vehicle Occupants Killed in Large Truck Crashes 

 by Vehicle Type, 2018–2021

4-10 Nonmotorists Killed in Large Truck Crashes, 2018–2021

Occupant of: 2018 2019 2020 2021

Passenger Car 1,696 1,657 1,535 1,770

Light Truck 1,536 1,580 1,622 2,017

Large Truck 890 893 822 1008

Motorcycle 288 302 291 314

Bus 25 4 9 6

Other/Unknown 18 26 44 43

Total Vehicle Occupants 4,453 4,462 4,323 5,158

Nonmotorist Type 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total Nonmotorist Fatalities 553 570 622 631

Pedestrian 452 453 517 549

Pedalcyclist 78 91 84 66

Other/Unknown Nonmotorist 23 26 21 15

Total Fatalities 5,006 5,032 4,945 5,788 

Percent Nonmotorist Fatalities 11.0% 11.3% 12.6% 10.9%

Notes:	A	passenger	car	is	defined	as	a	motor	vehicle	used	primarily	for	carrying	passengers,	

including	convertibles,	sedans,	and	station	wagons.	A	light	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	

gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	of	10,000	pounds	or	less,	including	pickups,	vans,	truckbased	station	wagons,	and	sport	utility	vehicles.	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	GVWR	

greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	

including the driver. 

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	Fatality	Analysis	

Reporting	System	(FARS).

Notes:	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	

than	10,000	pounds.	A	nonmotorist	is	defined	as	any	person	who	is	not	an	occupant	of	a	

motor vehicle, including, but not limited to, the following: pedestrians, pedalcyclists, or others 

such as skateboard riders, people riding on animals, and persons riding in other nonmotorized 

conveyances. 

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	Fatality	Analysis	

Reporting	System	(FARS).
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 39

4-12 Fatal Crashes by Work Zone, 2018–2021

Crash Type:

2018 2019 2020 2021

No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct.

Large Truck Fatal Crashes 4,461 100.0% 4,502 100.0% 4,423 100.0% 5,149 100.0%

Work Zone 207 4.6% 249 5.5% 205 4.6% 288 5.6%

Not a Work Zone 4,254 95.4% 4,253 94.5% 4,218 95.4% 4,861 94.4%

All Fatal Crashes 33,919 100.0% 33,487 100.0% 35,935 100.0% 39,508 100.0%

Work Zone 672 2.0% 765 2.3% 780 2.2% 872 2.2%

Not a Work Zone 33,247 98.0% 32,722 97.7% 35,155 97.8% 38,636 97.8%

Percent of Work-Zone 

Fatal Crashes that 

Involved at Least One 

Large Truck

30.8% 32.5% 26.3% 33.0%

Percent of All Fatal 

Crashes that Involved 

at Least One Large 

Truck

13.2% 13.4% 12.3% 13.0%

4-11 Nonmotorists Killed in Bus Crashes, 2018–2021

Nonmotorist Type 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total Nonmotorist Fatalities 64 74 57 55

Pedestrian 54 59 46 47

Pedalcyclist 7 12 7 6

Other/Unknown Nonmotorist 3 3 4 2

Total Fatalities 267 261 187 221

Percent Nonmotorist Fatalities 24.0% 28.4% 30.5% 24.9%

Notes:	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	including	the	driver.	

A	nonmotorist	is	defined	as	any	person	who	is	not	an	occupant	of	a	motor	vehicle,	including,	

but not limited to, the following: pedestrians, pedalcyclists, skateboard riders, people riding on 

animals, and persons riding in other nonmotorized conveyances. 

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	Fatality	Analysis	

Reporting	System	(FARS).

Notes: “Not a Work Zone” counts include crashes where the location was unknown. A large 

truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	

pounds.	A	work	zone	is	defined	as	an	area	of	a	trafficway	where	construction,	maintenance,	

or	utility	work	activities	are	identified	by	warning	signs/signals/indicators.	

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	Fatality	Analysis	

Reporting	System	(FARS).
40 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

4-14 Percentage of Large Truck Drivers in Fatal Crashes Not 

 Wearing Any Type of Safety Belt, 2011–2021

†Beginning	with	data	for	2016,	the	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	

implemented	changes	to	revise	vehicle	classification	based	on	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	

(GVWR),	which	reclassified	329	light	pickup	trucks	as	large	trucks.	Due	to	this	methodology	

change,	comparisons	of	the	2016	(and	later)	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS)	large	

truck data with prior years should be performed with caution.

Note:	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	GVWR	greater	than	10,000	pounds.

Drivers with unknown safety belt usage are not included in the percentages displayed.

Data	Sources:	NHTSA	and	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS).

4-13 Truck Weight Rating for Large Trucks in Fatal Crashes, 

 2018–2021

Truck Weight Rating 2018 2019 2020 2021

Class 2: 6,001 - 10,000 lb 0 1 0 0

Class 3: 10,001 - 14,000 lb 635 658 722 868

Class 4: 14,001 - 16,000 lb 111 132 125 142

Class 5: 16,001 - 19,500 lb 172 163 160 232

Class 6: 19,501 - 26,000 lb 287 274 295 388

Class 7: 26,001 - 33,000 lb 222 235 290 325

Class 8: > 33,000 lb 3,197 3,353 3,229 3,745

Unknown/Other 285 217 0 0

Total 4,909 5,033 4,821 5,700

Notes:	A	large	truck	is	defined	here	as	a	truck	with	a	GVWR	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	Fatality	Analysis	

Reporting	System	(FARS).
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 41

Cargo Release

Number of Large Trucks

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 

Cargo	Release:	No 2,972 2,780 2,135 2,470 2,350 

Cargo	Release:	Yes 674 635 556 550 548 

Corrosives 52 40 41 31 39 

Explosives 16 20 13 9 8 

Flammable Liquid 350 299 292 265 273 

Flammable Solids 8 10 6 9 4 

Gases 59 77 68 66 75 

Miscellaneous 

Dangerous Goods 61 58 34 43 42 

Oxidizing Substances 12 3 7 7 8 

Poison & Infectious 

Substances 7 1 6 5 1 

Radioactive	Material - 1 1 1 - 

Unknown 109 126 88 114 98 

Cargo	Release:	Unknown 500 387 266 315 346 

Total 4,146 3,802 2,957 3,335 3,244 

4-15 Hazardous Materials (HM) Cargo Release in Crashes 

 Involving Large Trucks with HM Placards, 2018–2022

*Crash records reported to the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) 

through December 30, 2022, are included in this table. States are expected to report crash 

data to FMCSA within 90 days of the crash. Data are considered preliminary for 22 months to 

allow for changes.

Notes:	Here,	a	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	designed,	used,	or	maintained	primarily	

for	carrying	property,	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	or	gross	combination	

weight	rating	(GCWR)	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	or	any	vehicle	carrying	HM	that	requires	

placarding, regardless of weight.

Data Source: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshot as of March 31, 2023.
42 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

License Class

Number of Vehicles Involved

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022*

Class A 125,691 123,286 108,553 123,090 121,934 

Class B 23,322 23,280 15,906 18,999 19,891 

Class C 15,546 15,629 13,258 16,666 16,804 

Class D 22,967 23,030 20,444 25,027 22,357 

Class M 105 85 69 85 81 

Unknown 9,002 9,322 9,478 12,522 12,760 

Total 196,633 194,632 167,708 196,389 193,827 

4-16 Large Truck and Bus Drivers in Crashes, by Driver’s 

 License Class, 2018–2022

*Crash records reported to the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) 

through December 30, 2022, are included in this table. States are expected to report crash 

data to FMCSA within 90 days of the crash. Data are considered preliminary for 22 months to 

allow for changes.

Notes:	Here,	a	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	designed,	used,	or	maintained	primarily	for	

carrying	property,	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	or	gross	combination	weight	

rating	(GCWR)	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	or	any	vehicle	carrying	hazardous	materials	

(HM)	that	requires	placarding,	regardless	of	weight.	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	

for at least nine people, including the driver. Descriptions for driver’s license classes are 

as	follows:	Class	A	pertains	to	any	combination	of	vehicles	which	has	a	GCWR	or	gross	

combination weight of 26,001 pounds or more, whichever is greater, inclusive of a towed 

unit(s)	with	a	GVWR	or	gross	vehicle	weight	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	whichever	is	

greater.	Class	B	pertains	to	any	single	vehicle	which	has	a	GVWR	or	gross	vehicle	weight	of	

26,001	pounds	or	more,	or	any	such	vehicle	towing	a	vehicle	with	a	GVWR	or	gross	vehicle	

weight that does not exceed 10,000 pounds. Class C pertains to any single vehicle, or 

combination	of	vehicles,	that	does	not	meet	the	definition	of	Class	A	or	Class	B,	but	is	either	

designed to transport 16 or more passengers, including the driver, or is transporting material 

that has been designated as hazardous and is required to be placarded or is transporting any 

quantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin. Class D pertains to any vehicle, or any 

combination	of	vehicles,	with	a	GVWR	of	26,000	or	less	that	is	not	used	1)	for	the	purpose	

of transporting HM which are required by law to be placarded, 2) to transport more than 15 

passengers including the driver, and 3) is not a school bus used to transport children to and 

from school for compensation. Class M pertains to motorcycles and motor-driven cycles.

Data Source: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshot as of March 31, 2023.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 43

Carrier Operation 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022*

Interstate 124,373 122,090 109,947 127,509 124,994

Intrastate Hazardous Materials (HM) 1,890 2,061 1,777 1,953 1,868 

Intrastate Non-HM** 21,934 22,190 19,681 23,194 22,305 

Unknown Carrier Operation** 1,406 1,486 1,037 1,017 801 

No USDOT Number 28,922 28,678 25,016 29,198 28,963 

Total 178,525 176,505 157,458 182,871 178,931

4-18 Large Trucks in Crashes by Carrier Operation,

 2018–2022

4-17	 Large	Trucks	in	Crashes	by	Operation	Classification,		

 2018–2022

Operation	Classification 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022*

For-Hire 101,712 99,699 90,130 106,281 103,988 

Private 29,762 29,544 25,991 29,121 28,490 

Both For-Hire and Private 15,473 15,952 14,086 15,879 15,437 

Neither For-Hire Nor Private 1,527 1,520 1,327 1,455 1,276 

No USDOT Number 30,051 29,790 25,924 30,135 29,740 

Total 178,525 176,505 157,458 182,871 178,931

*Crash records reported to the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) 

through December 30, 2022, are included in this table. States are expected to report crash 

data to FMCSA within 90 days of the crash. Data are considered preliminary for 22 months to 

allow for changes.

**Some States do not require intrastate non-HM carriers to obtain USDOT numbers. 

Note:	Here,	a	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	designed,	used,	or	maintained	primarily	for	

carrying	property,	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	or	gross	combination	weight	

rating	(GCWR)	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	or	any	vehicle	carrying	HM	that	requires	

placarding, regardless of weight.

Data Sources: Crash data for all years: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshot as of March 25, 2022. 

Carrier operation information: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshots as of December 28, 2018; 

December 27, 2019; December 18, 2020; December 31, 2021; and December 30, 2022.

*Crash records reported to the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) 

through December 30, 2022, are included in this table. States are expected to report crash 

data to FMCSA within 90 days of the crash. Data are considered preliminary for 22 months to 

allow for changes. 

Note:	Here,	a	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	designed,	used,	or	maintained	primarily	for	

carrying	property,	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	or	gross	combination	weight	

rating	(GCWR)	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	or	any	vehicle	carrying	hazardous	materials	

(HM) that requires placarding, regardless of weight. 

Data Sources: Crash data for all years: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshot as of March 31, 2023. 

Operation	classification	information:	FMCSA,	MCMIS,	data	snapshots	as	of	December	28,	

2018; December 27, 2019; December 18, 2020; December 31, 2021; and December 30, 

2022.
44 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

4-19 Bus Fatal Crashes, 1975–2021

Year

Fatal 

Crashes 

Involving 

Buses

Bus 

Occupant 

Fatalities

Total 

Fatalities 

in Bus 

Crashes

Million 

VMT by 

Buses

Rates per 

100 Million VMT

Buses 

Registered

Fatal 

Crashes 

Involving 

Buses

Fatalities 

in Bus 

Crashes

1975 323 53 348 6,055 5.33 5.75 462,156

1980 329 46 390 6,059 5.43 6.44 528,789

1985 337 57 398 4,478 7.53 8.89 593,485

1990 286 32 340 5,726 4.99 5.94 626,987

1995 271 33 311 6,420 4.22 4.84 685,503

2000 323 22 357 7,590 4.26 4.70 746,125

2005 278 58 340 6,980 3.98 4.87 807,053

2010 247 44 278 13,770 1.79 2.02 846,051

2011 243 55 284 13,807 1.76 2.06 666,064

2012 252 39 282 14,781 1.70 1.91 764,509

2013 282 54 320 15,167 1.86 2.11 864,549

2014 235 44 283 15,999 1.47 1.77 872,027

2015 259 49 297 16,230 1.60 1.83 888,907

2016 231 64 290 16,350 1.41 1.77 976,161

2017 231 43 276 17,227 1.34 1.60 983,231

2018 234 44 267 18,303 1.28 1.46 992,152

2019 234 35 261 17,980 1.30 1.45 995,033

2020 164 19 187 15,037 1.09 1.24 1,010,304

2021 204 15 221 16,744 1.22 1.32 939,219

4-20 Bus Injury Crashes, 2018–2021

Year

Injury 

Crashes 

Involving 

Buses

Buses 

Involved 

in Injury 

Crashes

Persons 

Injured 

in Bus 

Crashes

Million 

VMT by 

Buses

Rates per 100 Million 

VMT

Buses 

Registered

Injury 

Crashes 

Involving 

Buses

Persons 

Injured 

in Bus 

Crashes

2018 15,000 15,000 27,000 18,303 80.9 145.4 992,152

2019 13,000 14,000 25,000 17,980 74.6 140.4 995,033

2020 8,000 8,000 16,000 15,037 54.3 104.7 1,010,304

2021 10,000 10,000 18,000 16,744 60.8 109.8 939,219

Note:	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	including	the	driver.		

Data	Sources:	Vehicle	Miles	Traveled	and	Registered	Vehicles	-	FHWA,	Highway Statistics 

2021;	Fatal	Crashes,	Vehicles	Involved,	and	Fatalities	-	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	

Administration	(NHTSA),	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS).

Notes: “Persons Injured” includes all nonfatally injured persons in injury and fatal crashes. A 

bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	including	the	driver.	The	rates	

displayed	in	this	table	are	based	on	unrounded	Crash	Report	Sampling	System	(CRSS)	data.	

CRSS	is	a	sample	of	motor-vehicle	crashes--the	results	generated	are	estimates	rounded	to	the	

nearest one thousand; however, associated percentages and rates are based on the unrounded 

data.

Data	Sources:	Vehicle	Miles	Traveled	and	Registered	Vehicles	–	Federal	Highway	Administration	

(FHWA), Highway Statistics 2021; Injury Crashes, Vehicles Involved, and Persons Injured – 

National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	and	CRSS.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 45

4-21 Fatal Crashes Involving Buses, by Type of Bus,

 2011–2021

Year

School 

Bus

Cross-Country 

Intercity Bus 

(Motorcoach)

Transit 

Bus

VanBased 

Bus*

Other 

Bus 

Type

Bus Type 

Unknown Total

2011 97 40 68 25 10 3 243

2012 101 34 78 30 7 2 252

2013 114 44 82 28 10 4 282

2014 90 32 79 9 21 4 235

2015 99 34 92 14 18 5 259

2016 87 17 97 6 19 6 231

2017 72 13 97 31 16 4 231

2018 81 15 84 30 23 2 234

2019 86 15 79 32 22 1 234

2020 43 13 80 — 25 3 164

2021 80 17 78 — 22 7 204

4-22 Estimated Costs of Large Truck and Bus Crashes,

 2018–2021

Year

Fatal 

Crashes

Injury 

Crashes

Property-Damage-Only 

(PDO) Crashes

All Large Truck 

and Bus Crashes

2018 $64 Billion $37 Billion $19 Billion $119 Billion

2019 $64 Billion $39 Billion $19 Billion $122 Billion

2020 $63 Billion $33 Billion $14 Billion $110 Billion

2021 $73 Billion $37 Billion $18 Billion $128 Billion

*	“Van-based	bus”	was	listed	as	a	bus	type	for	the	first	time	in	2011.

Note:	A	bus	is	defined	here	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	including	the	driver.

Data	Source:	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS).	

Notes:	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	

than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	

including the driver. Costs may not sum to the totals due to rounding. Changes in costs 

from previous editions of the Pocket Guide are due to a new crash cost methodology 

developed by FMCSA. Estimates are based on fatal	crash	data	from	the	Fatality	Analysis	

Reporting	System	(FARS)	and	injury	crash	and	property-damage-only	(PDO)	crash	data	

from	Crash	Report	Sampling	System	(CRSS).

Data Sources: Crash Costs for Highway Safety Analysis, Federal Highway Administration 

(FHWA); The Economic and Societal Impact of Motor Vehicle Crashes, 2019 (Revised), 

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); and Delay and Environmental 

Costs of Truck Crashes, Volpe Center, adjusted to current dollars, and a year 2021 value of 

a statistical life (VSL); NHTSA, FARS, and CRSS.
46 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

Notes:	A	large	truck	is	defined	in	FARS	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	

rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	large	truck	is	defined	in	MCMIS	as	a	

vehicle,	used,	or	maintained	primarily	for	carrying	property,	with	a	GVWR	or	gross	

combination	weight	rating	(GCWR)	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	or	any	vehicle	

carrying hazardous materials that requires placarding, regardless of weight. A bus is 

defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	including	the	driver.	 	

Data	Sources:	T.	Miller,	E.	Zaloshnja,	and	R.	Spicer,	Revised	Cost	of	Large	Truck	

and Bus Involved Crashes (2002), adjusted to current dollars, and a year 2020 value 

of	a	statistical	life	(VSL);National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	

FARS,	and	CRSS.

Number Category Percentage

5,078 Large	trucks	and	buses	matched	in	FARS	and	MCMIS 75.8%

83 Large trucks and buses that were partially matched in 

FARS	and	MCMIS

1.2%

832 Large	trucks	and	buses	in	FARS	and	not	in	MCMIS 12.4%

316 Large	trucks	and	buses	in	FARS	matched	to	large	trucks	

and buses in non-fatal crashes in MCMIS

4.7%

262 Large	trucks	and	buses	in	MCMIS	and	not	in	FARS 3.9%

127 Large trucks and buses in MCMIS matched to vehicles in 

FARS	that	were	not	large	trucks	or	buses

1.9%

6,698 Total large trucks and buses in fatal crashes in FARS, 

MCMIS, or both

100.0%

4-23 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and Motor 

 Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) 

 Matching for Large Trucks and Buses in Fatal Crashes, 

 2021
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 47

5. data QuaLIty

State Safety Data Quality (SSDQ) Methodology

FMCSA implemented the State Safety Data Quality (SSDQ) 

Methodology to evaluate the completeness, timeliness, 

accuracy, and consistency of State-reported data. The 

SSDQ evaluation uses a 12-month timeframe that ends 3 

months prior to the Motor Carrier Management Information 

System (MCMIS) snapshot for each measure, unless 

otherwise stated in the rating description. The methodology 

consists	of	nine	performance	measures	(five	crash	and	

four inspection measures) and one overriding performance 

indicator (see 5-1). The SSDQ methodology has changed 

over the years to represent higher thresholds of data quality. 

Since 2004, additional performance measures have been 

added related to the completeness of driver and vehicle 

information contained in crash and inspection reports.

The	SSDQ	evaluation	is	updated	monthly	to	reflect	

improvements in crash and inspection reporting. States 

receive an overall rating of “Good,” “Fair,” or “Poor” for 

each SSDQ measure and rating. FMCSA developed the 

color-coded SSDQ map (see 5-2) as a visual tool for States 

to use in improving crash and inspection data reported to 

FMCSA. The overall data quality rating for each State is 

based on the following criteria: 

• Good (green) for States with at least one good crash 

measure, one good inspection measure, and no poor 

measures.

• Fair (yellow) for States with no more than one poor 

measure.

• Poor (red) for States with two or more poor measures. 

States	flagged	red	in	Consistency	(the	overriding	

performance indictor shown in 5-1) are rated poor overall. 
48 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

5-1 State Safety Data Quality (SSDQ) Performance 

 Measures

Data Source: FMCSA, Analysis & Information (A&I) Online, https://ai.fmcsa.dot.

gov/DataQuality.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 49

5-2 Overall State Safety Data Quality (SSDQ) Ratings, 

 June 2004 and December 2022

Note:	Ratings	depicted	on	this	map	are	overall	State	ratings.	Washington,	D.C.	is	

rated poor (red) in June 2004 and good (green) in December 2022. 

Data	Sources:	June	2004	Ratings:	FMCSA,	Analysis	&	Information	(A&I)	Online,	

State	Safety	Data	Quality	(SSDQ)	as	of	June	2004;	December	2022	Ratings:	

FMCSA, A&I Online, SSDQ as of December 2022. For most recent State ratings, 

refer to: https://ai.fmcsa.dot.gov/DataQuality/National.aspx. 

Overall SSDQ Ratings, June 2004

Overall SSDQ Ratings, December 2022
50 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

5-3 Annual Requests for Data Review (RDRs) in DataQs, 

 2018–2022

* The Drug & Alcohol Clearinghouse and Crash Preventability Determination 

Program began in 2020. 

Data Source: FMCSA, DataQs, December 30, 2022 (based on submissions 

received in 2021). 

DataQs is an online system that provides affected 

commercial motor carriers, commercial drivers, and others 

an opportunity to seek and obtain correction of information 

maintained and disseminated by FMCSA. Through the 

system, users can request and track a review of data 

issued by FMCSA; the system automatically forwards a 

Request	for	Data	Review	(RDR)	to	the	appropriate	office	for	

resolution and collects updates and responses for current 

RDRs.	

For more information on DataQs, please refer to:

https://dataqs.fmcsa.dot.gov.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 51

6. grant prograMs

FMCSA achieves its goal of preventing commercial motor 

vehicle (CMV)-related fatalities and injuries by working closely 

with a host of important safety partners through its grant 

programs. Safety partners include State and local government 

agencies,	non-profit	organizations,	universities	and	other	

organizations who support FMCSA’s national safety priorities. 

Activities conducted through FMCSA’s grant programs include 

conducting	high-visibility	traffic	enforcement	in	CMV	crash	

corridors, targeting high-risk motor carriers and CMV drivers 

for compliance investigations, implementing innovative safety 

information systems and CMV technologies at the roadside, 

strengthening CMV equipment and operating standards, 

implementing, and updating CMV safety training, and 

increasing public awareness of CMV safety challenges. 

In November 2021, Congress passed the Bipartisan 

Infrastructure Law, or BIL. This legislation is a once-in-ageneration investment in our infrastructure. It includes policies, 

investments, and partnerships that enable technologies, 

data systems, research, workforce development, and most 

importantly opportunities to directly impact the safety of people 

using our transportation systems. It contains over $3.2 billion 

in grant opportunities that FMCSA is sharing with our State 

partners to support transformative changes aimed at achieving 

the U.S. Department of Transportation’s ambitious, long-term 

safety goal of zero fatalities on the Nation’s roadways.

In FY 2023 and the years to come, MCSAP lead agencies 

will be eligible for unprecedented funding to grow existing 

programs and develop new ones aimed at reducing CMVrelated crashes and fatalities. With these additional resources 

comes both an opportunity and obligation to ensure that 

FMCSA and its State are doing everything we can to improve 

the safety of commercial motor vehicles on our roadways 

and support the national transportation safety strategies that 

galvanize these critical efforts. 
52 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

6-1 FMCSA Grant Awards, Fiscal Year 2021

Grant Program Total Awards

MCSAP $463,442,500 

High Priority $80,190,903 

CDL Program Implementation $44,214,974 

CMVOST $3,100,000 

Total Grant Awards $590,948,377 

Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program (MCSAP) Grant

The Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program (MCSAP) is a Federal 

formula	grant	program	that	provides	financial	assistance	to	States,	

including	the	District	of	Columbia,	the	Commonwealth	of	Puerto	Rico,	

the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, 

Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands to reduce the number and severity of 

crashes and hazardous material incidents involving commercial motor 

vehicles	(CMVs).	Specifically,	only	the	State	lead	agency	(as	designated	

by the Governor) is eligible to apply for MCSAP grant funding.

High Priority (HP) Grant

High Priority (HP) is a Federal competitive grant program which provides 

financial	assistance	to	States,	local	governments,	federally	recognized	

Indian tribes, other political jurisdictions as necessary, and other persons 

to carry out high priority activities and projects that augment motor carrier 

safety activities and projects:

• To carry out activities and projects that augment motor carrier safety;

• To advance the technological capability and promote the deployment 

of intelligent transportation system applications for CMV operations, 

including	CMV,	commercial	driver,	and	carrier-specific	information	

systems/networks; and to support and maintain CMV information 

systems and networks.

Commercial Driver License (CDL) Program Implementation Grant

Eligible Applicants: The State agency designated as the primary driver 

licensing agency responsible for the development, implementation and 

maintenance of the CDL program or State agencies local governments, or 

other	persons	for	high	priority	activities	or	emerging	issues	as	identified	by	

the Secretary of Transportation.

CMV Operator Safety Training (CMVOST) Grant

Eligible Applicants: State or local governments; accredited post-secondary 

educational institutions (public or private) including colleges, universities, 

vocational / technical schools and truck-driver training schools. Primary 

funding priority is given to regional or multi-State educational or not-forprofit	associations	that	recruit	and	train	current	and	former	members	of	

the United States Armed Forces (including National Guard members and 

Reservists)	and	their	spouses	to	receive	training	to	transition	to	the	CMV	

operation industry.

More information on FMCSA’s grant programs can be found at https://

www.fmcsa.dot.gov/mission/grants.
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 53

7. agency resources

FMCSA Website

https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov

Analysis & Information (A&I) Online

https://ai.fmcsa.dot.gov

Compliance, Safety, Accountability (CSA)

https://csa.fmcsa.dot.gov

DataQs

https://dataqs.fmcsa.dot.gov

FMCSA Grants and Financial Assistance

https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/mission/grants

FMCSA New Entrant Safety Assurance Program

https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/new-entrant-safety-assurance-program

FMCSA Portal

https://portal.fmcsa.dot.gov/login

Freight Analysis Framework (FAF)

https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/FREIGHT/freight_analysis/faf/index.htm

Innovative Technology Deployment (ITD) Program

https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/itd

Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS)

https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/registration/mcmis-catalog/mcmis-datadissemination-program-mcmis-catalog 

Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)

https://www.nhtsa.gov/FARS

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Highway Statistics Series

https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm

General Estimates System (GES)

https://www.nhtsa.gov/national-automotive-sampling-system-nass/nassgeneral-estimates-system

Crash Report Sampling System (CRSS)

https://www.nhtsa.gov/crash-data-systems/crash-report-sampling-system

Licensing & Insurance (L&I)

https://li-public.fmcsa.dot.gov
54 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

gLossary and LIst of acronyMs

A&I Analysis & Information

ABS Antilock Braking System

BTS Bureau of Transportation Statistics

CDL Commercial Driver’s License

CDLPI Commercial Driver’s License Program Improvement

CMV Commercial Motor Vehicle (includes both large trucks and 

buses)

CMVOST Commercial Motor Vehicle Operator Safety Training

CRSS Crash	Report	Sampling	System

CSA Compliance, Safety, Accountability (CSA) is a major 

FMCSA safety measurement and reporting initiative. 

Designed to replace the SafeStat program, CSA was 

previously known as “Comprehensive Safety Analysis,” or 

more commonly “CSA 2010.” 

CVISN Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks

DataQs DataQs is an FMCSA system that allows users to request 

and track reviews of Federal and State data issued by 

FMCSA. The system automatically forwards a user’s 

Request	for	Data	Review	to	the	appropriate	office	for	

resolution and collects updates and responses for current 

requests.

Domicile Refers	to	the	headquarters	location	of	a	carrier.

EMIS Enforcement Management Information System

FAF Freight Analysis Framework

FARS Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System

FAST Act Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act, 2015

FHWA Federal Highway Administration

FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

FMCSRs Federal	Motor	Carrier	Safety	Regulations

Form MCS-150 Motor	Carrier	Identification	Report	(Application	for	USDOT	

Number)

GES General Estimates System

GCWR Gross	Combination	Weight	Rating

GVWR Gross	Vehicle	Weight	Rating

HM Hazardous Materials
 2023 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 55

HMRs Hazardous	Materials	Regulations

HMSP Hazardous Materials Carrier with a Safety Permit

HOS Hours of Service

ITD Innovative Technology Deployment (formerly CVISN)

L&I Licensing & Insurance

MCMIS The Motor Carrier Management Information System 

(MCMIS) is an FMCSA system that contains crash, census, 

and	inspection	files	created	to	monitor	and	develop	safety	

standards for commercial motor vehicles operating in 

interstate commerce. 

MCSAP Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program

MMUCC Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria

NHTSA National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration

OOS Out of Service

PDO Property Damage Only

PRISM Performance	and	Registration	Information	Systems	

Management

RDR Request	for	Data	Review

SaDIP State Safety Data Improvement Program

SBUCMVD Seat Belt Usage by Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers

SMS Safety Measurement System

SSDQ State Safety Data Quality

TSI Transportation Services Index

UCR Unified	Carrier	Registration

URS Unified	Registration	System

USDOT U.S. Department of Transportation

VIN Vehicle	Identification	Number

VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled

VSL Value of a Statistical Life
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