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FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION

1331 PENNSYLVANIA AVE., N.W., SUITE 520N

WASHINGTON, DC 20004-1710

 

BEFORE: Jordan, Chair; Althen, Rajkovich, and Baker, Commissioners 

 

 

ORDER

BY: Jordan, Chair; Rajkovich, and Baker, Commissioners 

This case arises under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, 30 U.S.C. § 801 

et seq. (2018) (“Mine Act”). On April 25, 2023, the Commission received from Panther Creek 

Mining, LLC (“Panther Creek”) a motion to reopen a final order of the Commission pursuant to 

section 105(a) of the Act, 30 U.S.C. § 815(a). 

 Under section 105(a) of the Mine Act, an operator who wishes to contest a proposed 

penalty must notify the Secretary of Labor no later than 30 days after receiving the proposed 

penalty assessment. If the operator fails to notify the Secretary, the proposed penalty assessment 

is deemed a final order of the Commission. 30 U.S.C. § 815(a). 

We have held, however, that in appropriate circumstances, we possess jurisdiction to 

reopen uncontested assessments that have become final Commission orders under section 105(a). 

Jim Walter Res., Inc., 15 FMSHRC 782, 786-89 (May 1993) (“JWR”). In evaluating requests to 

reopen final orders, the Commission has found guidance in Rule 60(b) of the Federal Rules of 

Civil Procedure, under which the Commission may relieve a party from a final order of the 

Commission on the basis of mistake, inadvertence, excusable neglect, or other reason justifying 

relief. See 29 C.F.R. § 2700.1(b) (“the Commission and its Judges shall be guided so far as 

practicable by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure”); JWR, 15 FMSHRC at 787. We have also 

observed that default is a harsh remedy and that, if the defaulting party can make a showing of 

good cause for a failure to timely respond, the case may be reopened and appropriate 

proceedings on the merits permitted. See Coal Prep. Servs., Inc., 17 FMSHRC 1529, 1530 

(Sept. 1995). 

 Records of the Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health Administration 

(“MSHA”) indicate that the proposed assessment was delivered to the operator on January 17, 

SECRETARY OF LABOR,

 MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH 

 ADMINISTRATION (MSHA) 

 v. 

PANTHER CREEK MINING, LLC

:

 : 

 : 

 : 

 : 

 : 

:

Docket No. WEVA 2023-0297 

A.C. No. 46-05437-569447 

January 4, 2024
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2023, and became a final order of the Commission on February 16, 2023, after Panther Creek did 

not contest the penalties. In the assessment, MSHA had proposed a total civil penalty of $75,601 

for the 49 citations at issue. 

On April 3, 2023, after failing to receive payment, the Secretary sent the operator a 

delinquency notice. On approximately April 17, 2023, MSHA delivered a scofflaw letter to the 

mine, which stated that if the operator did not pay the delinquent penalties within 30 days MSHA

may take further action. The operator filed the subject motion to reopen on April 25, 2023. On 

May 17, 2023, MSHA issued a citation to Panther Creek alleging a failure to pay.

In the subject motion to reopen, Panther Creek maintains, without further explanation,

that an internal “administrative error” delayed routing of the assessment to its Corporate Safety 

Director and thus its ability to timely file. The Secretary opposes reopening. She asserts that the 

operator has failed to establish that its failure to timely file was the result of an atypical mistake 

and not the result of an inadequate processing system. Furthermore, the operator has failed to 

establish that it has been acting in good faith. 

When filing a motion to reopen before the Commission the operator bears the burden of 

showing exceptional circumstances. Lone Mountain Processing, Inc., 35 FMSHRC 3342, 3345 

(Nov. 2013). Relief under Rule 60(b) requires more than “general assertions or conclusory 

statements as to why an operator failed to timely contest.” Sw. Rock Prods., 45 FMSHRC __

(August 30, 2023) (citing Atlanta Sand & Supply Co., 30 FMSHRC 605, 608 (July 2008).

Although the Commission may consider motions to reopen filed within 30 days of the 

operator’s receipt of its first notice of delinquency to be filed within a reasonable amount of 

time; the motion must also “set forth an adequate explanation for its reasons for its delinquency.” 

See Highland Mining Company, 31 FMSHRC 1313, 1316-17 (Nov. 2009). “At a minimum, the 

applicant for such relief must provide all known details, including relevant dates and persons 

involved, and a clear explanation that accounts, to the best of the operator's knowledge, for the 

failure to submit a timely response and for any delays in seeking relief once the operator became 

aware of the delinquency or failure. . . .” Lone Mountain, 35 FMSHRC at 3345 (citing Higgins 

Stone Co., 32 FMSHRC 33, 34 (Jan. 2010)). 

Panther Creek’s motion lacks these required details. Its motion does not include relevant 

dates or a description of the processing error.1

 Accordingly, it has failed to demonstrate that its 

“administrative error” was excusable and not the foreseeable result of its own unreliable internal 

processing system. It is well established that an inadequate or unreliable internal processing 

system does not constitute inadvertence, mistake or excusable neglect so as to justify the 

reopening of an assessment which has become final under section 105(c) of the Mine Act. 

1 Cf. Heidelberg Materials, US Cement, LLC, 45 FMSHRC ___ (Dec. 6, 2023) (finding 

that the operator established that its failure to timely file to contest three citations was the result 

of a good cause). In Heidelberg Materials, the operator’s motion described the error with 

particularity, i.e., an employee neglected to transmit a single page of the contest form when 

timely filing to contest penalties listed on the proposed assessment. 
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Pinnacle Mining Co., 30 FMSHRC 1061, 1062 (Dec. 2008); Pinnacle Mining Co., 30 FMSHRC 

1066, 1067 (Dec. 2008); Highland Mining Co., 31 FMSHRC 1313, 1315 (Nov. 2009): Double 

Bonus Coal Co., 32 FMSHRC 1155, 1156 (Sept. 2010); Elk Run Coal Co., 32 FMSHRC 1587, 

1588 (Dec. 2010).

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Furthermore, Panther Creek has not demonstrated good faith efforts to comply with the 

Commission’s filing deadlines. The operator received 49 citations over 18 days and thus should 

have been aware that it would be receiving a sizable proposed penalty assessment. Nevertheless, 

it does not cite to any efforts it took to either contest or reopen the penalties until after it received 

both a delinquency letter and a scofflaw letter. It is well recognized that a movant’s good faith 

or lack thereof is an important factor in determining whether good cause exists to reopen a final 

order. See, e.g., Stone Zone, 41 FMSHRC 272, 274 (June 2019) (citations omitted). 

For these reasons, Panther Creek’s motion is DENIED with prejudice.3

_________________________________

Mary Lu Jordan, Chair

_________________________________ 

Marco M. Rajkovich, Jr., Commissioner

_________________________________ 

Timothy J. Baker, Commissioner 

2 This is not the first instance where Panther Creek sought reopening of a final order of 

the Commission after an alleged error prevented timely filing of the contest form. See Panther 

Creek Mining, LLC, 40 FMSHRC 1158 (Aug. 2018) (reopening a final order after the assessment 

was not timely contested because the assessment was “mishandled” at the mine). Notably, the 

operator thereafter changed its address of record from a P.O. Box to the corporate office in an 

attempt to prevent further mishandlings of penalty assessments. Id. at 1159. Clearly, the 

operator’s efforts were ineffective. 

3 In its reply to the Secretary’s response, the operator contends that the Secretary failed 

to demonstrate prejudice or that the default was warranted. However, we have long held that it is 

the operator, not the Secretary, who has the burden of showing that it is entitled to such 

extraordinary relief. See, e.g., Noranda Alumina, 39 FMSHRC 441, 443 (Mar. 2017). 
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Commissioner Althen dissenting, 

I respectfully dissent.

The pleadings demonstrate that MSHA provided a notice of a delinquency to Panther 

Creek through a letter mailed on April 3, 2023. In turn, Panther Creek filed its motion to reopen 

on April 25, 2023—a short period after receiving the notice from MSHA. 

Binding Commission precedent holds, “Motions to reopen received within 30 days of an 

operator’s receipt of its first notice from MSHA that it has failed to timely file a notice of contest 

will be presumptively considered as having been filed within a reasonable amount of time.” 

Highland Mining Co., 31 FMSHRC 1313, 1316-17 (Nov. 2009). Indeed, the Commission 

reaffirmed, or at least restated, this principle a few days ago. Heidelberg Materials, US Cement, 

LLC, 45 FMSHRC ___ (Dec. 6, 2023).

Because Panther Creek’s motion fits within this timeline, the majority cannot find 

unreasonableness in the delay in filing. Ignoring the reasonableness of the operator’s timing of 

its motion, the majority complains that the employee’s affidavit swearing to an administrative 

error was insufficient to warrant reopening or even an opportunity for further explanation. 

Panther Creek’s contest system failed in this instance, but there is no evidence of a 

systematic failure. Instead, Panther Creek described a straightforward and simple system for 

contesting penalties. According to Panther Creek’s affidavit, the system involves an 

administrative employee scanning proposed assessments when they are received and then 

directing them to the corporate safety director. The corporate safety director then reviews the 

citations and files timely notices on those Panther Creek wishes to contest. This appears to be a 

sensible two-step and an ordinarily reliable system for dealing with citations. If every singular 

failure to file on a timely basis is taken as a per se demonstration of an unreliable processing 

system, operators may look forward to few, if any, approvals of reopening.

The occurrence of a mistake is self-evident. The administrative staff tasked with 

scanning and forwarding the proposed assessment failed to follow normal procedure in this 

instance. Panther Creek filed a proper affidavit attesting to the error. Nonetheless, the majority 

forecloses a contest of more than $75,000 in assessed penalties because they find Panther Creek 

did not explain adequately the exact minutiae that lead to the administrative error. The 

Commission has not required a detailed explanation of an “administrative error” to reopen a 

case. U.S. Silver – Idaho, Inc., 33 FMSHRC 1044, 1045 (May 2011). 

Having avowed they recognize that default is a harsh remedy, the majority should have 

granted the motion or, minimally, should have provided Panther Creek an opportunity to provide 

any desired information. Such inquiries have been made in the past and are consistent with 

recognition of harsh result rather than the back of the hand rejection in this case. See, e.g., 

Callender Constr. Co., 44 FMSHRC 536 (Aug. 3, 2022), Lafarge Aggregates Southeast, Inc., 31 
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FMSHRC 555 (May 2009) (granting the motion to reopen after the Commission initially denied 

without prejudice to allow the operator to refile and explain the “administrative error”).

_______________________________ 

William I. Althen, Commissioner 
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Distribution:

Jonathan R. Ellis, Esq.

Justin K. Chandler, Esq.

Steptoe & Johnson PLLC

707 Virginia Street, East, Seventeenth Floor

P.O. Box 1588

Charleston, WV 25326-1588

jonathan.ellis@steptoe-johnson.com

justin.chandler@steptoe-johnson.com

April Nelson, Esq.

Associate Solicitor

Office of the Solicitor

U.S. Department of Labor

Division of Mine Safety and Health

201 12th Street South, Suite 401

Arlington, VA 22202

Nelson.April@dol.gov

Emily Toler Scott, Esq.

Counsel for Appellate Litigation

Office of the Solicitor

U.S. Department of Labor

Division of Mine Safety and Health

201 12th Street South, Suite 401

Arlington, VA 22202

scott.emily.t@dol.gov

Melanie Garris 

USDOL/MSHA, OAASEI/CPCO 

201 12th Street South, Suite 401

Arlington, VA 22202

Garris.Melanie@DOL.GOV

Chief Administrative Law Judge Glynn F. Voisin

Federal Mine Safety Health Review Commission

Office of the Chief Administrative Law Judge

1331 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Suite 520N

Washington, DC 20004-1710

GVoisin@fmshrc.gov