FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION

OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES

1331 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Suite 520N

TELEPHONE: (202)434-9958 / FAX: (202)434-9949

March 11, 2021

ORDER GRANTING TEMPORARY REINSTATEMENT

OF TRACY A. LEWIS

Before: Judge Young

Pursuant to Section 105(c)(2) of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (“Act”), 

30 U.S.C. § 801, et. seq., and 29 C.F.R. § 2700.45, the Secretary of Labor (“Secretary”) on 

February 26, 2021, filed an Application for Temporary Reinstatement of miner Tracy A. Lewis

(“Complainant”) to his former position with Tip Top Materials, LLC (“Respondent”) at 

Respondent’s mine pending final hearing and disposition of the case.

According to Commission Rule 45, a request for hearing must be filed within 10 days 

following receipt of the Secretary’s application for temporary reinstatement. 29 C.F.R. 

§ 2700.45(c). The Secretary’s certificate of service states that the Application for Temporary 

Reinstatement of Complainant was served on Respondent by electronic mail on February 26.

The Respondent has not filed a timely Request for Hearing.

The Secretary has found that the Complaint was not frivolously brought and, as explained 

below, has provided evidence supporting that determination. Therefore, consistent with Section 

105(c)(2) of the Act, the temporary reinstatement of Tracy A. Lewis is granted.

Law and Regulations

Section 105(c) of the Mine Act prohibits discrimination against miners for exercising any 

protected right under the Mine Act and provides that a miner may file a complaint with the 

Secretary alleging discrimination. 30 U.S.C. § 815(c)(1-2). The plain language of the Act also 

provides that “if the Secretary finds that the complaint was not frivolously brought, the 

Commission, on an expedited basis upon application by the Secretary, shall order the immediate 

reinstatement of the miner pending final order on the Complaint.” 30 U.S.C. § 815(c)(2) 

(emphasis added). 

The Commission’s regulations control the temporary reinstatement procedures. Once an 

application for temporary reinstatement is served on the person against whom relief is sought, 

SECRETARY OF LABOR

 MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH

 ADMINISTRATION (MSHA),

 on behalf of TRACY A. LEWIS,

 Complainant,

v.

TIP TOP MATERIALS, LLC,

 Respondent

TEMPORARY REINSTATEMENT

Docket No. VA 2021-0008-D

MSHA Case No.: NORT-CD 2021-03

Mine: Tip Top Materials, LLC

Mine ID: 44-07399
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that person shall notify the Chief Administrative Law Judge or his designee within 10 calendar 

days whether a hearing on the application is requested. 29 C.F.R. § 2700.45(c). If no hearing is 

requested, the Judge assigned to the matter shall review immediately the Secretary’s application 

and, if based on the contents thereof, the Judge determines that the miner’s complaint was not 

frivolously brought,1 shall issue immediately a written order of temporary reinstatement. Id.

If there is a hearing, the judge must determine whether the complaint of the miner “is 

supported by substantial evidence and is consistent with applicable law.”2 Sec=y of Labor on 

behalf of Peters v. Thunder Basin Coal Co., 15 FMSHRC 2425, 2426 (Dec. 1993). In the instant 

case, however, the Respondent has not timely filed a request for hearing. Thus, Commission 

Procedural Rule 45(c) compels me to review the Secretary’s determination that the Complaint in 

this matter was not frivolously brought. See 29 C.F.R. § 2700.45(c).

Disposition

The Secretary has provided the evidentiary basis for his determination that the complaint 

in this matter has not been frivolously brought. The Act requires the Secretary to investigate the 

miner’s complaint of discrimination. 30 U.S.C. § 815(c)(2). The Secretary’s application includes 

the complaint filed by Complainant (Exhibit “A” to the Application) and the Declaration of 

Special Investigator Michael R. Hughes indicating that this was done (Exhibit “B.”) 

Mr. Hughes’ Declaration provides facts in support of the Secretary’s conclusion that the 

complaint was not frivolously brought, including:

1. Complainant was a “miner” employed as a foreman at a “mine” operated by a “person,”

as defined by the Act; 

2. Complainant participated in an MSHA investigation into a discrimination complaint 

arising from the firing of his son, Matthew Lewis, allegedly for filing a safety complaint 

with MSHA; 

3. Complainant had been ordered by the mine superintendent to fire his son for making a 

safety-related complaint to MSHA, and that he carried out the order;

1 The Act’s legislative history suggests that a complaint is not frivolously brought if it Aappears 

to have merit.@ S. Rep. No. 181, 95th Cong., 1st Sess. 36-37 (1977), reprinted in Senate 

Subcommittee on Labor, Committee on Human Resources, 95th Cong. 2nd Sess., Legislative 

History of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, at 624-25 (1978). In addition to 

Congress= Aappears to have merit@ standard, the Commission and the courts have also equated 

Anot frivolously brought” to Areasonable cause to believe” and Anot insubstantial.” Sec'y of Labor 

on behalf of Price v. Jim Walter Res., Inc., 9 FMSHRC 1305, 1306 (Aug. 1987), aff'd, 920 F.2d 

738, 747 & n.9 (11th Cir. 1990). 

2 ASubstantial evidence@ means Asuch relevant evidence as a reliable mind might accept as 

adequate to support [the judge=s] conclusion.@ Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal Co., 11 FMSHRC 

2159, 2163 (Nov. 1989) (quoting Consolidated Edison Co. V. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 229 (1938)).
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4. Complainant was subsequently terminated from his employment under circumstances

that Mr. Hughes found to provide “reasonable cause to believe that Tracy Lewis was 

discharged because he engaged in protected activities.”

Dec. of Michael R. Hughes, Feb. 4, 2021 (Ex. “B” to App. For Temp. Reinst.)

The Complaint was timely filed, within a week after Complainant was terminated. It 

includes additional allegations relevant to MSHA’s decision. Complainant stated that he was 

told by other employees at the mine that Complainant would be “gone in two weeks,” and that 

he was told he was fired for approaching too quickly in his vehicle upon learning of a 

confrontation between his son and the mine superintendent and other employees. 

The facts provided in support of the agency’s decision, if true, would establish 

jurisdiction, a timely complaint of discrimination, and that Complainant engaged in protected 

activity and suffered an adverse action close in time to the protected activity, under 

circumstances that provide a reasonable cause to believe that there was a causal nexus between 

his participation in an MSHA investigation and his termination.

Findings and Conclusion

At this stage, the facts alleged by the Secretary are undisputed. Therefore, I find that the 

Complaint for discrimination has not been frivolously brought, and that Complainant Tracy A. 

Lewis is entitled to Temporary Reinstatement under the provisions of Section 105(c) of the Act.

ORDER

It is hereby ORDERED that Tracy A. Lewis be immediately TEMPORARILY 

REINSTATED to his former job as a foreman at the Tip Top Materials mine at his former rate 

of pay, overtime, and all benefits he was receiving at the time of his termination.

This Order SHALL remain in effect until such time as there is a final determination in 

this matter by hearing and decision, approval of settlement, or other order of this court or the 

Commission.

I retain jurisdiction over this temporary reinstatement proceeding. 29 C.F.R. 

§ 2700.45(e)(4). The Secretary SHALL provide a report on the status of the underlying 

discrimination complaint as soon as possible. Counsel for the Secretary SHALL also 

immediately notify my office of any settlement or of any determination that Tip Top Materials, 

LLC, did not violate Section 105(c) of the Act.

Michael G. Young

Administrative Law Judge
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Distribution (Via Certified Mail & E-mail)

LaShanta Harris, Esq., U.S. Dept. of Labor, Office of the Regional Solicitor, 201 12 Street 

South, Suite #401, Arlington, VA 22202, Harris.LaShanta@dol.gov

Christopher Dale, Superintendent, Tip Top Materials, LLC, 1704 U.S. Highway 19, Lebanon, 

VA 24266, cldale.construction@bvu.net

Wes Addington, Esq., Appalachian Citizens’ Law Center, 317 Main Street, Whitesburg, KY

41858, wes@aclc.org

Tony Oppegard, Esq., P.O. Box 22446, Lexington, KY 40522, tonyoppegard@gmail.com