1... See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.

COURT OF APPEALS

SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS

FORT WORTH

NOS. 2-08-119-CR

 2-08-120-CR

DANIEL ELI ARANDA A/K/A APPELLANT

DANIEL ARANDA

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS STATE

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FROM THE 213TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

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MEMORANDUM OPINION1

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Introduction

Appellant Daniel Eli Aranda a/k/a Daniel Aranda appeals his two

convictions for aggravated robbery. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 29.03
2... Aggravated robbery is a first degree felony that carries a punishment

range of five to ninety-nine years’ confinement. Tex. Penal Code Ann. §§

12.32(a), 29.03(b) (Vernon 2003). 

3... See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 26.13(a) (Vernon Supp. 2008).

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(Vernon 2003).2 In one point, appellant contends that his trial counsel was per

se ineffective by failing to request a reporter’s record. We affirm.

Background Facts

In 2002, a Tarrant County grand jury issued two indictments against

appellant; each indictment charged him with attempted capital murder and

aggravated robbery. The indictments alleged that in February 2002, appellant

shot two individuals with a gun while committing robbery.

In February 2003, after the State waived the attempted capital murder

charges and the trial court properly gave written admonishments,3 appellant

entered judicial confessions, waived his constitutional and statutory rights, and

pled guilty to the two aggravated robbery charges. The trial court deferred

adjudication of appellant’s guilt and placed him on community supervision for

seven years. Among the terms of his community supervision, the trial court

required appellant to commit no further offenses, avoid illegal use of controlled

substances (and submit to testing and out-patient treatment related to such
4... In September and November 2004, the trial court supplemented the

conditions of appellant’s community supervision. 

5... During oral argument, appellant’s counsel conceded that appellant

failed drug tests.

6... Handwritten notes in the clerk’s record indicate that appellant pled

true. This indication is supported by documents attached to appellant’s brief

and by appellant’s counsel’s statements during oral argument.

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substances), and report monthly to the Tarrant County community supervision

office.4

In June 2005, the State filed petitions to proceed to the adjudication of

appellant’s aggravated robbery charges, alleging that appellant had violated the

terms of his community supervision by using cocaine,5failing to complete outpatient treatment, and failing to report. In November 2005, while aided by his

trial attorney, Jeremy Baker, appellant pled true to the allegations in the State’s

petitions.6 The trial court determined that the State’s allegations were true,

found appellant guilty of the aggravated robberies, and sentenced him to ten

years’ confinement.

Appellant initially neglected to file a notice of appeal; however, in

November 2006, appellant filed an application for a writ of habeas corpus in the

trial court, contending that Baker provided him with ineffective assistance
7... A judgment entered in May 2008 assessed a partially probated

suspension of Baker’s law license for his neglecting to provide meaningful legal

services on a client’s behalf (for instance, he failed to return phone calls and

failed to meet with the client). We reject appellant’s implication that Baker’s

conduct in that case affects our analysis of whether he provided effective

assistance to appellant.

8... Appellant raised none of these grounds for ineffective assistance in

this appeal; instead, the sole allegation of ineffective assistance concerns

Baker’s failure to request a reporter’s record of the hearing on the State’s

petitions to adjudicate.

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during his adjudication proceeding. Specifically, appellant asserted that Baker7

refused to return his phone calls, misinformed him about his potential sentence

upon revocation, failed to prepare or discuss appellant’s defense, failed to

prepare witnesses for the hearing on the State’s petitions, and failed to file a

notice of appeal.8

In February 2008, the trial court entered an order recommending that the

Court of Criminal Appeals should grant appellant an out-of-time direct appeal

and that it should then dismiss appellant’s habeas claims as premature. On

March 5, 2008, the Court of Criminal Appeals accepted the trial court’s

recommendations and ordered that appellant could appeal. Ex parte Aranda,

Nos. AP-75,860, AP-75,861, 2008 WL 644058, at *1 (Tex. Crim. App. Mar.

5, 2008). Appellant timely perfected these appeals.
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In March 2008, appellant requested the court reporter to prepare a

reporter’s record of the proceedings related to the hearing on the State’s

petitions to adjudicate. In June 2008, we received a note from the court

reporter stating that he did not make a record of those proceedings; we notified

the parties that no reporter’s record is available.

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

In his sole point, appellant argues that Baker provided him with ineffective

assistance by failing to request a record of the hearing on the State’s petitions

to adjudicate, which denies him a meaningful appeal. An appellant may raise

a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel at a punishment hearing after the
9... We must limit our analysis and holding in this case to the trial court’s

punishment decision. Because it occurred in 2005, we do not have jurisdiction

to review the trial court’s adjudication of appellant’s guilt on his robbery

charges, though we do have jurisdiction to review the punishment decision

related to that adjudication. See Davis v. State, 195 S.W.3d 708, 710–11

(Tex. Crim. App. 2006); Sanchez v. State, 222 S.W.3d 85, 90 n.5 (Tex.

App.—Tyler 2006, no pet.) (mem. op.) (noting that courts may “review the

issue of ineffective assistance of counsel as it pertains to matters subsequent

to the trial court’s decision to proceed with adjudication”); Tatum v. State, 166

S.W.3d 362, 364 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2005, pet. ref’d). Effective June 15,

2007, the legislature amended the code of criminal procedure to omit the

provision that no appeal may be taken from a trial court’s adjudication of guilt.

Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12 § 5(b) (Vernon Supp. 2008); see Durgan

v. State, 240 S.W.3d 875, 878 n.1 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).

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trial court adjudicates guilt.9 See Grammer v. State, 268 S.W.3d 774, 777

(Tex. App.—Waco 2008, pet. filed).

To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, appellant must show by a

preponderance of the evidence that his counsel’s representation fell below the

standard of prevailing professional norms and that there is a reasonable

probability that, but for counsel’s deficiency, the result of the trial would have

been different. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct.

2052, 2064 (1984); Salinas v. State, 163 S.W.3d 734, 740 (Tex. Crim. App.

2005); Mallett v. State, 65 S.W.3d 59, 62–63 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001);

Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808, 812 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). 
10... However, a single egregious error of omission or commission by

counsel may constitute ineffective assistance. Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 813.

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In evaluating the effectiveness of counsel under the first prong, we look

to the totality of the representation10 and the particular circumstances of each

case. Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 813. The issue is whether counsel’s assistance

was reasonable under all the circumstances and prevailing professional norms

at the time of the alleged error. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688–89, 104 S.

Ct. at 2065. Review of counsel’s representation is highly deferential, and the

reviewing court indulges a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct fell within

a wide range of reasonable representation. Salinas, 163 S.W.3d at 740;

Mallett, 65 S.W.3d at 63. A reviewing court will rarely be in a position on

direct appeal to fairly evaluate the merits of an ineffective assistance claim.

Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 813–14. “In the majority of cases, the record on

direct appeal is undeveloped and cannot adequately reflect the motives behind

trial counsel’s actions.” Salinas, 163 S.W.3d at 740 (quoting Mallett, 65

S.W.3d at 63). To overcome the presumption of reasonable professional

assistance, “any allegation of ineffectiveness must be firmly founded in the

record, and the record must affirmatively demonstrate the alleged

ineffectiveness.” Id. (quoting Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 813). It is not
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appropriate for an appellate court to simply infer ineffective assistance based

upon unclear portions of the record. Mata v. State, 226 S.W.3d 425, 432

(Tex. Crim. App. 2007).

The second prong of Strickland requires a showing that counsel’s errors

were so serious that they deprived the defendant of a fair and reliable trial.

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. at 2064. In other words, appellant

must show there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s

unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.

Id. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068. A reasonable probability is a probability

sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome. Id. The ultimate focus of

our inquiry must be on the fundamental fairness of the proceeding in which the

result is being challenged. Id. at 697, 104 S. Ct. at 2070. 

If the case law evaluating counsel’s conduct is unclear or unsettled,

appellant is not entitled to relief. See Ex parte Welch, 981 S.W.2d 183, 184

(Tex. Crim. App. 1998). Also, where the record is not sufficiently developed

to allow us to do more than speculate as to the strategies of counsel, we

cannot sustain an ineffective assistance claim. See Downs v. State, 244

S.W.3d 511, 515 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2007, pet. ref’d).

A court reporter must generally make a full record of all proceedings.

Tex. R. App. P. 13.1; see Velazquez v. State, 222 S.W.3d 551, 556 (Tex.
11... Parties may agree on a statement of the case in lieu of a reporter’s

record; however, such a statement has not been submitted in this case. See

Tex. R. App. P. 34.3.

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App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2007, no pet.).11 However, to preserve error

related to a court reporter’s failure to do so, a defendant must object. Valle v.

State, 109 S.W.3d 500, 508–09 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003); Velazquez, 222

S.W.3d at 556–57; Brossette v. State, 99 S.W.3d 277, 285 (Tex.

App.—Texarkana 2003, pet. dism’d) (holding that the appellant forfeited his

complaint about the reporter’s failure to record the trial court’s reading of a jury

charge because of a failure to object). Appellant concedes that he was required

to object to the exclusion of a record, and he also concedes that there is no

indication he did so or that he exercised due diligence in requesting that a

record be made. See Cheek v. State, 65 S.W.3d 728, 730 (Tex. App.—Waco

2001, no pet.) (explaining the requirement of due diligence in requesting a

reporter’s record). He claims, however, that Baker’s failure to make such an

objection or exercise such diligence amounted to per se ineffective assistance

because it deprived him of an opportunity to evaluate possible errors at trial,

therefore robbing him of a meaningful appeal.

In Gonzales v. State, the Houston (First District) Court of Appeals

resolved an appellant’s claim that his trial counsel was ineffective because he
12... That same court has since reiterated that the “failure to request a

court reporter for some phase of trial does not constitute ineffective assistance

of counsel per se.” Williams v. State, No. 01-94-00688-CR, 1995 WL 62747,

at *1 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 16, 1995, pet. ref’d) (not

designated for publication). 

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failed to request that a record be made of voir dire. 732 S.W.2d 67, 68 (Tex.

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1987, no pet.). The court noted that the appellant

alleged no specific harm from his counsel’s action other than failure to preserve

a possible error. Id. The court then refused to hold that “failure to request

recordation of voir dire is per se ineffective assistance of counsel requiring

reversal because harm has not been shown, and an appellate court cannot

speculate as to what may or may not have transpired at trial.”12 Id.

Similarly, in Lopez v. State, the appellant contended that her counsel’s

performance was deficient for failing to request transcription of voir dire. 838

S.W.2d 758, 760 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1992, no pet.). The Corpus

Christi Court of Appeals held that “[w]ithout more, we do not believe failure to

request transcription of voir dire is ineffective assistance of counsel per se.

Some injury resulting from the failure to request transcription must be raised by

appellant on appeal.” Id.; see Reyna v. State, 434 S.W.2d 362, 364 (Tex.

Crim. App. 1968) (explaining that there is no reversible error where an

“appellant fails to specify any error to which the transcription of the court
13... Appellant has similarly not cited us to any such cases, nor have we

found any.

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reporter’s notes . . . would be relevant”); Green v. State, 841 S.W.2d 926, 927

(Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1992, no pet.); Smith v. State, 751 S.W.2d 902,

908 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1988, no pet.); see also Allen v. State,

No. 02-03-00201-CR, 2004 WL 393251, at *2 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Mar.

4, 2004, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (overruling an

ineffective assistance claim because, in part, the appellant did not “provide any

case law demonstrating that a counsel’s failure to require a court reporter to

record punishment proceedings constitutes ineffective assistance”).13

Appellant has not specified any alleged error to which the reporter’s

record in this case would have been relevant; rather, he has only contended

that the absence of the record precluded him from finding a possible error. Like

the cases cited above, we hold that such a contention is insufficient to

establish ineffective assistance of counsel. Specifically, we conclude that

without a designated error to which the reporter’s record had relevance,

appellant cannot show a reasonable probability that, but for Baker’s failure to

request a record, the trial court’s punishment decision after his adjudication of
14... We note that the specific punishment decision made by the trial

court—ten years’ confinement—is at the lower end of the five to ninety-nine

year spectrum available to the court. 

15... Though appellant labeled his only point of error as a challenge to the

effectiveness of his counsel, the body of his brief also discusses rule 34.6(f).

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guilt would have been different.14 See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct.

at 2068. 

Appellant also contends that he should be granted a new trial on the basis

of rule of appellate procedure 34.6(f), and he cites several cases related to the

requirements of that rule.15 Tex. R. App. P. 34.6(f). Rule 34.6(f) states that

[a]n appellant is entitled to a new trial under the following

circumstances:

(1) if the appellant has timely requested a reporter's

record;

(2) if, without the appellant’s fault, a significant exhibit

or a significant portion of the court reporter’s notes

and records has been lost or destroyed or—if the

proceedings were electronically recorded—a significant

portion of the recording has been lost or destroyed or

is inaudible;

(3) if the lost, destroyed, or inaudible portion of the

reporter’s record, or the lost or destroyed exhibit, is

necessary to the appeal’s resolution; and

(4) if the lost, destroyed or inaudible portion of the

reporter’s record cannot be replaced by agreement of

the parties, or the lost or destroyed exhibit cannot be

replaced either by agreement of the parties or with a
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copy determined by the trial court to accurately

duplicate with reasonable certainty the original exhibit.

Id. (emphasis added); see Yates v. State, 1 S.W.3d 277, 278 (Tex. App.—Fort

Worth 1999, pet. ref’d). Appellant cannot satisfy the requirements of rule

34.6(f) because he cannot show that any portion of the record related to the

adjudication hearing was lost or destroyed; rather, he admits that no record of

the proceeding was made. See Williams v. State, 937 S.W.2d 479, 486 (Tex.

Crim. App. 1996) (analyzing former appellate procedure rule 50(e), which also

concerned lost or destroyed records, and holding that when “the complaining

party cannot show that the court reporter ever recorded the missing

proceedings, he is not entitled to a new trial”); see also Killough v. State, No.

04-07-00762-CR, 2008 WL 506286, at *1 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Feb. 27,

2008, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (applying the

Williams decision to rule 34.6(f)). Therefore, we also reject appellant’s

contention that the trial court’s judgment should be reversed on this ground.

For these reasons, we overrule appellant’s sole issue.

Conclusion

Having overruled appellant’s only issue, we affirm the trial court’s

judgment.
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TERRIE LIVINGSTON

JUSTICE

PANEL: LIVINGSTON and MCCOY, JJ.; and WILLIAM BRIGHAM, J. (Senior

Justice, Retired, Sitting by Assignment).

DO NOT PUBLISH

Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)

DELIVERED: February 5, 2009