The appeal on the merits is our Cause No. 11-09-00126-CV. That appeal has been abated pending the disposition of the 1

present appeal.

Opinion filed March 5, 2010

In The

Eleventh Court of Appeals

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No. 11-09-00152-CV

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IN THE INTEREST OF M.W.C, JR.; M.C.; & E.P., CHILDREN

On Appeal from the 318th District Court

 Midland County, Texas

Trial Court Cause No. FM-42,150

M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N

The trial court terminated L.C.’s parental rights, and she perfected an appeal. L.C. filed a 1

statement of points for appeal as required by TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 263.405(b) (Vernon 2008).

The trial court determined that L.C. did not present a substantial question for appeal and found that

the appeal on the merits was frivolous pursuant to TEX.CIV. PRAC.&REM.CODE ANN. § 13.003(b)

(Vernon 2002). L.C. has perfected this appeal challenging the trial court’s findings that her appeal

on the merits was frivolous. We affirm.

Issue on Appeal

In her sole issue on appeal, L.C. contends that the trial court abused its discretion when it

found her appeal on the merits to be frivolous. L.C. brought both legal and factual sufficiency
2

challenges to the evidence. L.C. argues that the trial court specifically erred when it did not review

all of the evidence introduced at the underlying bench trial.

Applicable Law

A. TEX. FAM. CODE § 263.405.

Section 263.405(b) provides that, within fifteen days from the date the trial court enters its

final order, the appealing party must file a statement of points that the party intends to pursue on

appeal. Section 263.405(d) requires: 

 The trial court shall hold a hearing not later than the 30th day after the date

the final order is signed to determine whether:

(1) a new trial should be granted;

(2) a party’s claim of indigence, if any, should be sustained;

and

(3) the appeal is frivolous as provided by Section 13.003(b),

Civil Practice and Remedies Code.

B. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 13.003.

Section 13.003 addresses when a court reporter and the clerk of the trial court shall provide

the appellate record without cost. Section 13.003(b) states that “[i]n determining whether an appeal

is frivolous, a judge may consider whether the appellant has presented a substantial question for

appellate review.”

C. Frivolous appeal finding and appellate review.

An appeal is frivolous under Section 263.405(d) and Section 13.003 when the trial court

determines that it lacks an arguable basis in law or in fact. D.R. v. Tex. Dep’t of Family & Protective

Servs., 281 S.W.3d 598, 602 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2008, no pet.); In re M.N.V., 216 S.W.3d 833

(Tex. App.—San Antonio 2006, no pet.); In re K.D., 202 S.W.3d 860, 866 (Tex. App.— Fort Worth

2006, no pet.); In re H.D.H., 127 S.W.3d 921, 923 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2004, no pet.). At this

stage, appellate review is limited to a review of the trial court’s exercise of its discretion in

determining that the appeal is frivolous. In re A.B., 269 S.W.3d 120, 124 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2008,

no pet.); Lumpkin v. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs., 260 S.W.3d 524, 526-27 (Tex.
3

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.); K.D., 202 S.W.3d at 865. This determination is made

based on the record before the appellate court. H.D.H., 127 S.W.3d at 924.

Record Before This Court

The record before this court consists of the clerk’s record; the reporter’s record from the

hearing to determine whether L.C. was indigent and whether the appeal was frivolous; and the

supplemental reporter’s record containing the eight-page affidavit of Adriana Mendoza, the

investigator/caseworker for the three children who are the subject of these proceedings. Mendoza’s

affidavit was admitted without objection and contains a detailed summary of the evidence presented

at the termination hearing. At the hearing regarding whether the appeal was frivolous, the trial court

took judicial notice of all of the testimony presented at the termination proceedings. The record

reflects that the same trial court presided over both the termination proceedings and this hearing and

that no objection was raised.

In her affidavit, Mendoza states that she was the representative for the Texas Department of

Family and Protective Services at the termination hearing and that she was present for the entire

proceedings. The three children involved in this case were under the age of five. Mendoza detailed

the testimony regarding L.C.’s twenty-year historywith the Department, how she had seven children

with six different men, how her four older children had been placed in foster care and her parental

rights had been terminated, and how the Department removed the youngest of her children at the

time of his birth. 

Mendoza described L.C.’s difficultly keeping her home clean and how the home was

unsanitary. There was trash, rotting food, and broken furniture in piles on the floor. Although L.C.

had no pets, there was a strong odor of urine, and feces was found on the floor.

Mendoza also described L.C.’s difficulties providing the children a safe and stable home

environment. During the investigation, L.C. acknowledged that her home was a safety hazard for

the children. L.C. testified that she had been in five or six violent relationships. One of the three

children involved in this case was soaked in urine and had cigarette burns on her arm at the time she

was removed. L.C. also testified that she had completed a substance abuse assessment and substance

abuse counseling and that she would now test clean. She acknowledged that in the past she had had

a terrible attitude and that the people that she allowed to stay with her refused to help her with

expenses. Mendoza detailed L.C.’s failure to comply with various family service plans.
4

 All three children were thriving in foster care, all three had bonded with their foster parents,

and their foster parents wanted to adopt them. The youngest child, who had been removed at birth,

was ahead developmentally. The two older children involved in this case suffered social,

developmental, and academic delays. They had boundary and self control issues. Both could

become physically violent toward themselves and others. Since their placement in foster care, both

were noticeably calmer. The service providers gave guarded prognosis for the older children and

recommended that they remain in their current environments and continue current therapies. 

Mendoza further detailed L.C.’s testimony concerning her desire to keep her children and her

goals to keep her home safe for them. L.C. stated that she knew she had made mistakes and that she

was not going to make mistakes in the future if her children were returned to her. L.C. requested

visitation if the court ordered the children to remain in foster care.

Mendoza also detailed testimony of three witnesses who acknowledged that L.C. had made

bad decisions in the past but was showing improvement.

 Points on Appeal and the Trial Court’s Findings

L.C. filed specific points on appeal challenging the legal and factual sufficient of the

evidence for each of the grounds that the trial court based its decision to terminate. Likewise, the

trial court entered very specific findings of fact and conclusions of law concerning its decision to

terminate.

This Court’s Holding

Unlike the case of In re S.T., 263 S.W.3d 394 (Tex. App.—Waco 2008, no pet.), L.C.’s

points are not too general as to be inadequate. Unlike the case of In re A.S., 239 S.W.3d 390 (Tex.

App.—Beaumont 2007, no pet.), there is sufficient evidence in the record before this court to enable

us to review the trial court’s determination that the appeal is frivolous.

Having reviewed the entire record including the trial court’s detailed findings of fact and

conclusions of law, we do not find that the trial court abused its discretion in determining that L.C.’s

appeal is frivolous because it lacks an arguable basis in law or in fact. L.C.’s issue is overruled. 

The order of the trial court is affirmed.

PER CURIAM

March 5, 2010

Panel consists of: Wright, C.J.,

McCall, J., and Strange, J.