Supreme Court of Florida ____________

No. SC19-2123

____________

JOEL DALE WRIGHT,

Appellant,

vs.

STATE OF FLORIDA,

Appellee.

January 7, 2021

PER CURIAM.

Joel Dale Wright appeals an order of the circuit court denying his successive 

postconviction motion filed pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.851. 

We have jurisdiction. See art. V, § 3(b)(1), Fla. Const.

BACKGROUND

In 1983, Wright was convicted of first-degree murder, sexual battery, 

burglary of a dwelling, and second-degree grand theft. He was sentenced to death. 

Wright v. State, 473 So. 2d 1277 (Fla. 1985). His death sentence became final 

when the United States Supreme Court denied certiorari review on January 21, 

1986. Wright v. Florida, 474 U.S. 1094 (1986). This Court subsequently affirmed 

the denial of Wright’s first three postconviction motions. Wright v. State, 581 So. 
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2d 882 (Fla. 1991); Wright v. State, 857 So. 2d 861 (Fla. 2003); Wright v. State, 

995 So. 2d 324 (Fla. 2008).

In 2017, Wright filed a third successive postconviction motion raising claims 

based on the retroactivity of Hurst v. Florida, 577 U.S. 92 (2016), Hurst v. State, 

202 So. 3d 40 (Fla. 2016), and chapter 2017-1, Laws of Fla.1 He now appeals the 

denial of his most recent postconviction claims.

ANALYSIS

The crux of Wright’s argument on appeal is that this Court’s decision in 

Hurst v. State established a new offense—capital first-degree murder—and that the 

jury sentencing determinations described in Hurst are “elements” of that new 

offense. From that assertion, Wright insists that Hurst created a substantive rule of 

law that dates back to Florida’s original capital sentencing statute, thereby 

requiring Wright’s death sentence to be vacated on the ground that certain 

elements of his crime were never found by a jury.

We rejected a similar argument in Foster v. State, 258 So. 3d 1248, 1251 

(Fla. 2018). As we explained in Foster, there is no independent crime of “capital 

first-degree murder”; the crime of first-degree murder is, by definition, a capital 

crime, and Hurst v. State did not change the elements of that crime. Id. at 1251-52

1. Chapter 2017-1, Laws of Florida was a legislative enactment by which 

Florida’s capital sentencing statute was amended to require jury sentencing 

determinations of the kind described in Hurst v. State.
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(holding that when a jury makes Hurst determinations, “it only does so after a jury 

has unanimously convicted the defendant of the capital crime of first-degree 

murder”).

Moreover, “[w]e have consistently applied our decision in Asay [v. State, 

210 So. 3d 1 (Fla. 2016)], denying the retroactive application of Hurst v. Florida 

as interpreted in Hurst v. State to defendants whose death sentences were final 

when the Supreme Court decided Ring v. Arizona, 536 U.S. 584 (2002).” 

Hitchcock v. State, 226 So. 3d 216, 217 (Fla. 2017). Wright echoes other pre-Ring

defendants who have advanced myriad legal theories that, in the end, turn on pleas 

for a retroactive application of Hurst. But this Court has rejected such arguments, 

however styled. See, e.g., Lambrix v. State, 227 So. 3d 112, 113 (Fla. 2017) 

(rejecting arguments based on “the Eighth Amendment,” “denial of due process 

and equal protection,” and “a substantive right based on the legislative passage of 

chapter 2017-1, Laws of Florida”).

Finally, Wright offers an extensive critique of this Court’s decision in State 

v. Poole, 297 So. 3d 487 (Fla. 2020), where we partially receded from Hurst. We 

need not address Poole here, however, because Wright’s claims fail even under our 

pre-Poole jurisprudence on Hurst and retroactivity.

For these reasons, we affirm the trial court’s denial of postconviction relief.

It is so ordered.
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POLSTON, LABARGA, LAWSON, MUÑIZ, COURIEL, and GROSSHANS, JJ., 

concur.

CANADY, C.J., concurs in result.

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION AND, 

IF FILED, DETERMINED.

An Appeal from the Circuit Court in and for Putnam County,

Raul A. Zambrano, Judge - Case No. 541983CF000376CFAXMX

Neal Dupree, Capital Collateral Regional Counsel, Vincent M. D’Agostino, Staff 

Attorney, and Martin J. McClain, Special Assistant Capital Collateral Regional 

Counsel, Southern Region, Fort Lauderdale, Florida,

for Appellant

Ashley Moody, Attorney General, Tallahassee, Florida, and Doris Meacham,

Assistant Attorney General, Daytona Beach, Florida,

for Appellee