2022

Pocket Guide to 

Large Truck and Bus Statistics
To access a printable version of this guide, please visit: 

www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/data-and-statistics/commercial-motorvehicle-facts. For more information about this publication, contact:

E-mail: FMCSA_Host@dot.gov

Mail: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

Office	of	Analysis,	Research,	and	Technology

1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE

6th Floor

Washington, DC 20590

Information Service: 

Phone: 1-800-832-5660

RRA-22-007

December 2022
2022

Pocket Guide to 

Large Truck and Bus Statistics

December 2022
4 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

Introduction

The primary mission of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety 

Administration (FMCSA) is to reduce crashes, injuries, and 

fatalities involving large trucks and buses. In carrying out its 

safety mandate, FMCSA develops and enforces data-driven 

regulations	that	balance	motor	carrier	safety	with	efficiency.	

For more information about the Agency and its safety-based 

initiatives, please visit www.fmcsa.dot.gov.

Contents

The Motor Carrier Management Information System ........ 6

Section 1. Overview: Large Trucks and Buses ..................		7

Section 2. Inspections and Violations ................................17

Section 3. Investigations ....................................................25

Section 4. Crashes ............................................................31

Section 5. Data Quality ......................................................47

Section 6. Grant Programs ................................................51

Section	7.	Agency	Resources ............................................53

Glossary and List of Acronyms ..........................................54
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 5

Locations of fataL Large truck and Bus

crashes, 2020

Note: In 2020, there were 4,588 fatal crashes involving large trucks and buses. 

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	Fatality	

Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS).
6 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

the Motor carrier ManageMent

inforMation systeM

FMCSA created and maintains the Motor Carrier Management 

Information System (MCMIS). MCMIS contains information on 

the safety performance of commercial motor carriers (large 

trucks and buses) and hazardous materials (HM) carriers 

subject	to	the	Federal	Motor	Carrier	Safety	Regulations	

(FMCSRs)	and	Hazardous	Materials	Regulations	(HMRs).	

This system contains crash, registration, inspection, and 

investigation	files	created	to	monitor	and	develop	safety	

standards for commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) operating in 

interstate	commerce.	The	crash	file	includes	information	on	all	

trucks and buses involved in reportable crashes. A reportable 

crash is a fatal, injury, or towaway crash involving at least 

one	large	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	

or	gross	combination	weight	rating	(GCWR)	greater	than	

10,000 pounds, any motor vehicle designed to transport nine 

or more people, including the driver, or any vehicle displaying 

a	hazardous	materials	placard.	The	census	file	includes	

descriptive information on every motor carrier in MCMIS and is 

updated weekly. FMCSA analyzes motor carrier self-reported 

MCMIS	registration	data	and	applies	filters	to	identify	and	

remove inaccurate entries to avoid over- or under-estimating 

values.	The	inspection	file	contains	data	from	State	and	

Federal inspection actions involving motor carriers operating 

in the United States. Most of the inspection data included in 

MCMIS are collected at the roadside by State personnel under 

the Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program (MCSAP). The 

investigation	file	includes	data	from	warning	letters	and	on-site	

and off-site investigations and reviews conducted on motor 

carriers that transport property or passengers in interstate or 

intrastate commerce. Most of the investigation data is captured 

on-site during the examination of a motor carrier’s operations 

by a safety investigator.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 7

1. overview: Large trucks and Buses

In	2020,	among	the	275,924,442	total	registered	vehicles	in	

the United States, 10,500,105 were single-unit trucks (straight 

trucks),	2,979,277	were	combination	trucks	(tractor-trailers),	

and 1,006,469 were buses. Also in 2020, there were 2,903.6 

billion vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by all motor vehicles. Large 

trucks traveled 302.1 billion of those miles (10.4 percent of 

the total), and buses traveled 15.1 billion of those miles (0.5 

percent of the total). 

FMCSA regulates all registered commercial motor vehicles 

(CMVs) that operate interstate or that carry hazardous 

materials	(HM).	As	of	December	2021,	757,652	interstate	

motor carriers and intrastate HM motor carriers had recent 

activity operating in the United States: 

• 484,970	were	for-hire	carriers

• 202,467	were	private	carriers

• 67,334	were	both	for-hire	and	private	carriers

• 2,881 were neither for-hire nor private carriers 

 (e.g., Government). 

FMCSA regulates all drivers involved in interstate commerce, 

as well as all Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) drivers, both 

interstate	and	intrastate.	Approximately	8.7	million	CMV	drivers	

operate in the United States: 

• 5.4 million operate interstate

- 3.5 million operate interstate and hold CDLs

• 3.3 million operate intrastate

- 1.6 million operate intrastate and hold CDLs.

Notes: The number of carriers and/or drivers in operation at any given time is subject to 

change, due to enforcement actions, business turnovers, licensing issues, and other factors. 

Interstate and some intrastate driver counts are based on motor carrier registration data 

contained in the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS); intrastate driver 

counts for States that do not require carriers to register with FMCSA were estimated by 

extrapolation from States requiring both interstate and intrastate carriers to register in MCMIS. 

Data	Sources:	Registration	Data	-	Federal	Highway	Administration	(FHWA),	Highway 

Statistics 2020; Carrier and CMV Driver Counts - FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshot as of 

December 31, 2021.
8 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

1-3 Motorcoach Passenger Trips in the United States and 

Canada by Fleet Size, 2020

Year All Vehicles Large Trucks Buses

2017 272,480,899 12,229,216 983,231

2018 273,602,100 13,233,910 992,152

2019 276,491,174 13,085,643 995,033

2020 275,924,442 13,479,382 1,006,469

Year All Vehicles

Large Trucks

Single-Unit Combination Buses

2017 3,212,347 116,102 181,490 17,227

2018 3,240,327 120,699 184,165 18,303

2019 3,261,772 124,746 175,305 17,980

2020 2,903,622 124,880 177,261 15,104

1-2 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) in the United 

States, 2017-2020

Motorcoach 

Fleet Size

Passenger Trips: Average Passenger Trips per:

Total Percent Motorcoach Carrier

100 or more 70,004,300 56.2% 5,894 2,187,635

50 to 99 17,535,700 14.1% 4,429 278,344

25 to 49 9,837,600 7.9% 2,327 82,669

10 to 24 19,394,100 15.6% 3,430 51,580

1 to 9 7,805,700 6.3% 1,518 6,084

Industry Total 124,577,400 100.0% 4,037 66,512

Data Source: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics 2020, 

Table VM-1.

Data Source: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics 2020, 

Table VM-1.

Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 percent because of rounding.

Data Source: Motorcoach Census: A Study of the Size and Activity of the 

Motorcoach Industry in the United States and Canada in 2020. Prepared for the 

American	Bus	Association	Foundation	by	John	Dunham	&	Associates,	January	7,	

2022. Available at https://www.buses.org/assets/images/uploads/pdf/Motorcoach_

Census_Survey_2020.pdf.

1-1 Registered Vehicles in the United States, 2017-2020
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 9

Notes: The number of carriers and/or drivers in operation at any given time is 

subject to change, due to enforcement actions, business turnovers, licensing 

issues, and other factors. Interstate and some intrastate driver counts are based 

on motor carrier registration data contained in the Motor Carrier Management 

Information System (MCMIS); intrastate driver counts for States that do not require 

intrastate carriers to register with FMCSA are estimated via extrapolation of State 

data. 

Data Source: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshot as of December 31, 2021. 

1-4 Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) Drivers Operating in

the United States, 2021

Type 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Interstate Freight 515,772 541,231 555,567 590,249 708,941

Interstate Passenger 12,771 12,398 11,900 10,846 10,268

Intrastate Hazardous 

Materials

30,450 33,091 35,075 36,626 38,443

Total 558,993 586,720 602,542 637,721 757,652

1-5 Active Motor Carriers by Type, 2017-2021

Notes: The count of intrastate Hazardous Materials (HM) carriers includes a few active

intrastate non-HM carriers with HM activity that meets the Safety Measurement System

(SMS)	HM	threshold	definition.	Company	counts	are	estimates	based	on	motor

carriers in the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) with recent

activity,	defined	as	those	carriers	that have	had	an	inspection,	a crash,	an investigation,

a	safety	audit,	an	FMCSAMotor	Carrier	Identification	Report	(Form	MCS-150)	update,

a	vehicle	registration	activity,	or	a	Unified	Carrier	Registration	(UCR)	system	payment

activity in the past 3 years, or have current operating authority indicated in the FMCSA

Licensing and Insurance (L&I) database. Beginning on November 1, 2013, FMCSA’s

Unified	Registration	System	(URS)	rule	requires	all	regulated	entities	to	update	their	

registration information every 24 months. The Agency deactivates the USDOT number 

of any carrier that fails to comply with the biennial update requirement. 

Data	Source:	FMCSA,	MCMIS,	data	snapshots	as	of	December	29,	2017;	December	

28,	2018;	December	27,	2019;	December	18,	2020;	and	December	31,	2021.
10 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

Active HM Carriers 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Interstate 	75,350	 	76,131	 80,810 84,226 	91,397	

Interstate HM Carriers Meeting 

SMS Threshold 	7,388	 	7,261	 	7,218	 6,563 6,613 

Interstate HM Carriers with a 

Safety Permit (HMSP)* 1,128 883 843 	827	 	799	

Intrastate 30,843 33,433 35,404 36,919 	38,679	

Intrastate HM Carriers Meeting 

SMS Threshold 2,842 2,786 2,886 2,569 2,421 

Intrastate HMSP* 174 161 158 142 133 

Total Active HMSP Carriers* 1,302 1,044 1,001 969 932 

Total HM Carriers 106,193 109,564 116,214 121,145 130,076 

1-6 Active Hazardous Materials (HM) Carriers, 2017-2021

Year

Active Household 

Goods Carriers

Household Goods 

Brokers Registered

Property Brokers 

Registered

2017 4,394 671	 17,966	

2018 4,486 711	 19,443 

2019 4,666 878	 20,892 

2020 4,845 956 23,182 

2021 5,273	 1,104 28,080 

1-7 Household Goods Carriers and Brokers Operating in the

United States, 2017-2021

1-8 FMCSA-Regulated Carriers, 2017-2021

Motor Carrier Census Data 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Active Carriers with 

a USDOT Number 558,993 	586,720	 602,542 	637,721	 	757,652	

Power Units 	4,517,800	 4,650,605 	4,788,339	 	4,899,374	 5,132,101 

CDL Drivers 3,556,342 	3,615,957	 3,634,989 	3,765,320	 	4,167,277	

Total Drivers 	4,870,951	 5,024,814 5,151,130 5,310,094 	5,646,722	

*HMSP carriers are a subset of the total HM carrier population.

Note: The count of intrastate HM carriers includes a few active intrastate non-HM carriers with 

HM	activity	that	meets	the	Safety	Measurement	System	(SMS)	threshold	definition.	

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshots	as	of	December	29,	2017;	December	28,	2018;	December	27,	2019;	December	18,	

2020; and December 31, 2021.

Note: A broker is an individual, partnership, or corporation that receives payment for arranging the 

transportation of property or household goods belonging to others by using an authorized motor carrier. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshots as of December 29, 2017; December 28, 2018; December 27, 2019; December 18,

2020; and December 31, 2021.

Notes:	Compared	to	prior	publications,	total	driver	and	CDL	counts	changed	due	to	new	filters	

being	applied	to	exclude	erroneous	data	in	the	motor	carrier	registration	file.	Only	interstate	

carriers and intrastate hazardous materials (HM) carriers with recent activity are included in 

this table. FMCSA regulates all motor carriers that operate in interstate commerce, and certain 

requirements for motor carriers and commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) that transport HM in 

intrastate	commerce.	Beginning	on	November	1,	2013,	FMCSA’s	Unified	Registration	System	

(URS)	rule	requires	all	regulated	entities	to	update	their	registration	information	every	24	months.	

The Agency deactivates the USDOT number of any carrier that fails to comply with the biennial 

update requirement.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data snapshots 

as	of	December	29,	2017;	December	28,	2018;	December	27,	2019;	December	18,	2020;	and	

December 31, 2021.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 11

1-9 Carriers by Headquarters (Domicile) Location, 2021

Notes: Domicile refers to the headquarters location for a carrier. This map displays only interstate 

carriers and intrastate hazardous materials (HM) carriers. Intrastate non-HM carriers are not 

displayed. FMCSA regulates all motor carriers that operate in interstate commerce, and certain 

requirements for motor carriers and commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) that transport HM in 

intrastate commerce. The number of carriers depicted in this map may not be the same as 

reported elsewhere by FMCSA. Due to potential differences in reporting dates and quality issues 

with carrier addresses, this map may not include all current carriers. Additionally, the number of 

carriers that operate at any given time is subject to change due to enforcement actions, business 

turnover, and other factors. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of December 31, 2021.
12 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

1-10 FMCSA-Regulated Carriers by Domicile, 2021

Country

Active Carriers with 

a USDOT Number

Power 

Units

CDL 

Drivers

Total 

Drivers

United States 738,383 4,987,272 4,036,130 5,496,159

Canada 13,172 108,696 107,165 118,750

Mexico 5,779 33,358 23,766 30,636

Certificate	Carriers 158 685 469 595

Commercial Zone Carriers 5,467 31,115 22,278 28,424

Enterprise Carriers 1,037 7,715 6,998 7,516

Long Haul Carriers 72 1,222 775 1,280

Other Countries 318 2,775 216 1,177

All Domiciles 757,652 5,132,101 4,167,277 5,646,722

Notes: U.S. domiciled carriers include carriers domiciled in the 50 U.S. States, the 

District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories. The sum of the Mexican carrier types 

may not sum to the total as some of the Mexican-owned carriers are domiciled 

in the United States. Only interstate carriers and intrastate hazardous materials 

(HM) carriers with recent activity are included in this table. FMCSA regulates all 

motor carriers that operate in interstate commerce, and certain requirements 

for motor carriers and commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) that transport HM 

in	intrastate	commerce.	Beginning	on	November	1,	2013,	FMCSA’s	Unified	

Registration	System	(URS)	rule	requires	all	regulated	entities	to	update	their	

registration information every 24 months. The Agency deactivates the USDOT 

number of any carrier that fails to comply with the biennial update requirement. 

A	Mexican	certificate	carrier	is	a	Mexico-domiciled	motor	carrier	that	transports	

exempt commodities or operates as a private motor carrier. These motor carriers 

were issued authority to operate trucks to points in the United States beyond 

the	commercial	zones.	FMCSA	stopped	issuing	these	certificates	in	2002.	A	

Mexican commercial zone carrier is a Mexico-domiciled carrier that has authority 

to operate only within the U.S.-Mexico border commercial zones in the United 

States. A Mexican enterprise carrier is a Mexican-owned or controlled carrier that 

is domiciled in the United States and operates in the United States, conducting 

cross-border transportation of international cargo that originates in or is destined 

for a foreign county. A Mexican long-haul carrier is a Mexico-domiciled carrier 

that has authority to engage in long-haul transportation in the United States as 

a motor carrier of property (except household goods and placardable HM) in 

interstate commerce in or beyond the border the border commercial zones. The 

authority does not allow point-to-point transportation service within the United 

States	for	goods	other	than	international	cargo.	Reports	include	activity	for	all	U.S.	

operations	from	the	date	the	carrier	was	first	allowed	to	operate	up	through	the	

date of the current data snapshot. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of December 31, 2021.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 13

1-11 FMCSA-Regulated Carriers by Number of Power Units,

2017-2021

Power Units 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

1 Power Unit 261,116 278,448	 289,408 317,791	 407,872

2 Power Units 95,979 99,221 101,044 104,620 117,742	

3–10 Power Units 143,248 147,710 149,225 150,545 161,525

11–100 Power Units 48,515 50,075 51,211 52,121 54,355

>100 Power Units 4,282 4,396 4,572 4,604 4,753

No Power Units/Unreported 5,853 6,870 7,082 8,040 11,405

Total 558,993 586,720 602,542 637,721 757,652

Passenger Movement Estimates, 2000-2021

Notes: The Transportation Services Index (TSI), created by the USDOT, Bureau of 

Transportation Statistics (BTS), measures the movement of freight and 

passengers. The index, which is seasonally adjusted and updated	monthly,	

combines	available	data	on	freight	traffic,	as	well	as	passenger	travel, that have 

been weighted to yield a monthly measure of transportation services output. TSI 

numbers are BTS estimates. The index numbers for the latest 3 months are 

considered to be preliminary. BTS releases the preliminary number for the latest 

month and replaces the number for the oldest preliminary month with a revised 

number. Seasonal adjustment models for the modal data have been updated for 

the data from January 2000 to the present. 

Data Source: USDOT, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation 

Services Index, available at https://data.bts.gov/Research-and-Statistics/

Transportation-ServicesIndex-and-Seasonally-Adjus/bw6n-ddqk as of August 17, 

2022.

Notes: Only interstate carriers and intrastate hazardous materials (HM) carriers 

with recent activity are included in this table; FMCSA regulates all motor carriers 

that operate in interstate commerce, and certain requirements for motor carriers 

and commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) that transport HM in intrastate 

commerce. Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information 

System (MCMIS), data	snapshots	as	of	December	29,	2017;	December	28,	

2018;	December	27,	2019; December 18, 2020; and December 31, 2021.

1-12 Transportation Services Index (TSI) Freight and
14 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

Notes: In this map, both private and for-hire trucks are included. Trucks that are 

used in movements for multiple modes and mail, or that move in conjunction 

with domestic air cargo, are excluded. For more information on Freight Analysis 

Framework (FAF) mode classes, refer to: https://www.bts.gov/archive/subject_areas/

freight_transportation/faf/users_guide/. 

Data	Source:	Federal	Highway	Administration,	Office	of	Freight	Management	and	

Operations,	FAF,	Version	V2016.09	as	of	April	2017.

1-13 Average Daily Truck Traffic on the National Highway

System, 2012
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 15

1-14 Weight of Freight Shipped within the United States by

Mode (in Millions of Tons), 2017-2020

Mode 2017 2018 2019 2020

Truck 11,848 12,016 11,988 11,676

Rail 1,202 1,208 1,165 1,036

Water 662 677 660 612

Air* 2 2 2 2

Multiple Modes and Mail 536 549 538 535

Pipeline 3,133 3,399 3,437 3,078

Other and Unknown 94 93 89 69

Total 17,478 17,943 17,879 17,009

Notes: Data do not include imports and exports that pass through the United States froma 

foreign origin to a foreign destination by anymode. Data in this version are not comparable to 

similar data in previous years because of updates to the FreightAnalysis Framework.All truck, 

rail, water, and pipelinemovements that involvemore than onemode, including exports and 

imports that changemode at international gateways, are included inMultipleModes andMail to 

avoid double counting.As a consequence, Rail and Water totals in this table are less than other 

published sources.

Data Source: USDOT, Bureau of Transportation Statistics and Federal Highway Administration, 

FreightAnalysis Framework, version 5.3, 2022, https://www.bts.gov/faf.

1-15 Percent of Total Weight of Freight Moved by Mode, 2020

*Includes air and truck-air. 

Notes: Data do not include imports and exports that pass through the United States froma 

foreign origin to a foreign destination by anymode. Data in this version are not comparable to 

similar data in previous years because of updates to the FreightAnalysis Framework.All truck, 

rail, water, and pipelinemovements that involvemore than onemode, including exports and 

imports that changemode at international gateways, are included inMultipleModes andMail to 

avoid double counting.Air accounts for 0.01 percent of the total domestic freight and is 

excluded fromthis chart. Percentagesmay not sumto 100 percent due to rounding. 

Data Source: USDOT, Bureau of Transportation Statistics and Federal Highway Administration, 

Freight Analysis Framework, version 5.3, 2022, https://www.bts.gov/faf.
16 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

1-16 Number of Medical Examiners Certified by State, 2022

Notes:	In	April	2022,	there	were	84,446	medical	examiners	certified	on	the	

National	Registry	of	Certified	Medical	Examiners	(National	Registry).	If	a	medical	

examiner	has	multiple	offices	in	the	same	State,	the	examiner	is	counted	once.	

However,	if	a	medical	examiner	has	a	business	office	in	two	or	more	States,	the	

examiner will be counted once in each State.

Data	Source:	FMCSA,	National	Registry,	August	1,	2022.	Available	at	https://

nationalregistry.fmcsa.dot.gov.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 17

2-2 Safety Inspectors, Federal and State, 2017-2021

What is an Inspection?

An inspection is an examination of an individual commercial 

motor vehicle (CMV) and/or driver by an authorized safety 

inspector. State inspectors conduct approximately 95 percent 

of inspections, with the remainder conducted by Federal 

inspectors. The inspection determines whether the driver and/

or the CMV is in compliance with the Federal Motor Carrier 

Safety	Regulations	(FMCSRs)	or	the	Hazardous	Materials	

Regulations	(HMRs),	as	appropriate.	Serious	violations	result	

in the issuance of vehicle or driver out-of-service (OOS) 

orders. These violations must be corrected before the affected 

driver or vehicle can return to service.

2. inspections and vioLations

2-1 Inspections Conducted by Federal and State Inspectors,

2017-2021

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Inspections 	3,457,130	 3,515,954 	3,471,201	 2,582,023 	2,876,502	

State 3,334,891 3,390,262 3,361,853 	2,556,227	 2,830,203 

Federal 122,239 125,692 109,348 	25,796	 46,299 

Inspector Type 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Safety Inspectors 14,182 13,839 	13,597	 	12,782	 	12,718	

State 	13,657	 13,320 13,089 12,421 12,250 

Federal 525 519 508 361 468 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 28, 2022.

Note: Not all personnel indicated are assigned full-time to conducting inspections. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 28, 2022.
18 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

2-3 Inspections by County, 2021

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 28, 2022. 
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 19

2-4 Inspection Out-of-Service (OOS) Rates, 2017-2021

Type of Inspection 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Driver Inspections* 3,344,956 3,402,946 	3,353,735	 2,460,580 2,766,086

With OOS Violation 	170,843	 161,203 	170,874	 129,442 170,728

Driver	OOS	Rate 5.1% 4.7% 5.1% 5.3% 6.20%

Vehicle Inspections** 	2,382,217	 	2,410,876	 2,384,413 	1,759,961	 1,962,737

With OOS Violation 493,581 	501,729	 492,129 364,598 420,136

Vehicle	OOS	Rate 20.7% 20.8% 20.6% 20.7% 21.4%

Hazmat Inspections*** 	200,067	 	202,077	 202,912 149,805 168,037

With OOS Violation 	7,935	 	8,437	 9,150 	6,557	 7,570

Hazmat	OOS	Rate 4.0% 4.2% 4.5% 4.4% 4.5%

*Driver Inspections were computed based on inspection levels I, II, III, and VI.

**Vehicle Inspections were computed based on inspection levels I, II, V, and VI. 

***Hazmat Inspections were computed based on inspection levels I, II, III, IV, V, and VI 

when hazardous materials were present. 

Notes: Inspection OOS rates depicted in this table include both large trucks and buses. 

Counts in this table include Federal and State inspections. For more information on 

inspections and inspection levels, please refer to https://www.cvsa.org/inspections/

inpections/all-inspection-levels/. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 28, 2022. 
20 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

2-5 Inspections by Level, 2017-2021

2-6 Inspections by Level, 2021

Inspection Level 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

I. Full 1,039,143 1,104,938 	1,069,471	 	771,662	 863,851 

With OOS Violation(s)* 266,480 	278,174	 266,595 191,625 225,648 

II. Walk-Around 1,237,851	 1,202,248 1,208,460 889,351 998,984 

With OOS Violation(s)* 285,232 280,165 285,658 	217,833	 254,818 

III. Driver Only 	1,067,350	 	1,094,817	 	1,074,811	 	798,973	 902,615 

With OOS Violation(s)* 	65,297	 55,528 58,498 	43,772	 59,108 

IV. Special Study 	7,563	 10,261 10,493 11,346 11,150 

With OOS Violation(s)* 1,596 1,998 	1,753	 1,842 1,810 

V. Terminal 104,611 	102,747	 105,489 98,354 99,266 

With OOS Violation(s)* 	5,837	 	5,722	 5,862 4,516 	4,724	

VI.	Radioactive	Materials 612 943 993 594 636 

With OOS Violation(s)* 13 5 8 5 	7	

Total 3,457,130 3,515,954 3,469,717 2,570,280 2,876,502

Note: For more information on inspections and inspection levels, please refer to https://

www.cvsa.org/inspections/all-inspection-levels/. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 28, 2022. 

*Out-of-service (OOS) violation numbers are based on inspections. For example, in 

2021, there were 863,851 Level I inspections completed, 225,648 resulted in at least 

one OOS violation.

Note: For more information on inspections and inspection levels, please refer to https://

cvsa.org/inspections/inspections/all-inspection-levels/. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 28, 2022.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 21

2-7 Inspections by Carrier Fleet Size, 2017-2021

2-8 Inspections by Carrier Operation, 2017-2021

2-9 Inspections by Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR),

2017-2021

Carrier Fleet Size 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Very Small 

(1-6 Power Units) 	1,096,781	 1,118,490 	1,090,273	 823,135 962,396 

Small 

(7-20	Power	Units) 605,352 614,298 610,541 441,460 495,156 

Medium 

(21-100 Power Units) 	733,737	 	737,394	 	728,794	 	531,871	 	579,750	

Large 

(>100 Power Units) 	878,085	 895,320 	891,735	 	679,554	 	740,246	

Unknown 	143,175	 150,448 	148,374	 94,260 98,954 

Total 3,457,130 3,515,950 3,469,717 2,570,280 2,876,502 

Carrier Operation 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Interstate 2,808,415 2,794,424 2,767,629 2,038,567 2,315,500

Intrastate 648,715 721,530 703,572 543,456 561,002

Total 3,457,130 3,515,954 3,471,201 2,582,023 2,876,502

GCWR 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

<10,000 pounds 16,613 15,657 15,090 9,290 9,272

10,000 - 26,000 pounds 494,965 547,994 561,457 451,550 499,487

>26,000 pounds 2,816,227 2,829,302 2,776,960 2,016,607 2,234,710

Unknown 129,325 123,001 117,694 104,576 133,033

Total 3,457,130 3,515,954 3,471,201 2,582,023 2,876,502

Note: Carriers listed as having zero power units are included in the “Unknown” 

category.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 28, 2022. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 28, 2022. 

Note:	GCWRs	are	based	on	Inspection	Reports	as	reported	in	Motor	Carrier	

Management Information System (MCMIS). 

Data Source: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshot as of January 28, 2022.
22 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

2-10 Most Frequent Driver Violations in Inspections, 2021

Violation Code Category Violation Description

Number of 

Violations

392.2-SLLS2 Speeding State/Local Laws - Speeding 6-10 miles per hour 

over the speed limit.

 63,950 

392.2C Failure	To	Obey	Traffic	

Control Device

Failure	to	obey	traffic	control	device 59,188 

395.8(e) False Log Book False report of drivers record of duty status 53,313 

392.16 Seat Belt Failing to use seat belt while operating a CMV 	50,297	

383.23(a)(2) All Other Driver 

Violations

Operating a CMV without a CDL 42,005 

392.2LV All Other Driver 

Violations

Lane	Restriction	violation 	37,587	

395.8A-ELD No Log Book, Log Not 

Current, General Log 

Violations

Electronic Logging Devices (ELD) - No record of 

duty	status	(ELD	Required)

 36,901 

395.8 Log Book Form And 

Manner

Record	of	Duty	Status	violation	(general/form	and	

manner)

	35,759	

391.41(a) Medical	Certificate No	medical	certificate	in	driver's	possession 34,640 

392.2-SLLS3 Speeding State/Local Laws - Speeding 11-14 miles per hour 

over the speed limit.

 30,280 

391.41(a)(1) Medical	Certificate Operating a property-carrying vehicle without 

possessing	a	valid	medical	certificate	-	no	previous	

history.

 28,892 

395.24D All Other Hours-OfServiceELD cannot transfer ELD records electronically 23,844 

392.2-SLLS4 Speeding State/Local Laws - Speeding 15 or more miles per 

hour over the speed limit.

 21,356 

395.22H4 All Other Hours-OfServiceDriver failed to maintain supply of blank drivers 

records of duty status graph-grids

 21,088 

395.8F01 No Log Book, Log Not 

Current, General Log 

Violations

Drivers record of duty status not current 20,321 

392.82(a)1 All Other Driver 

Violations

Using a hand-held mobile telephone while 

operating a CMV

	17,861	

395.24C2III Log Book Form And 

Manner

Driver failed to manually add shipping document 

number

	17,420	

395.22H2 All Other Hours-OfServiceDriver failing to maintain ELD instruction sheet 	17,250	

395.22G All Other Hours-OfServicePortable	ELD	not	mounted	in	a	fixed	position	and	

visible to driver 

 16,403 

395.30B1 Log Book Form And 

Manner

Driver failed to certify the accuracy of the 

information gathered by the ELD

 16,368 

Notes:	Total	number	of	driver	inspections	in	2021:	2,766,086.	Total	number	of	driver	

violations in 2021: 932,495. Total number of driver out-of-service (OOS) violations in 

2021:	203,273.	Only	the	top	20	driver	violations	(based	on	frequency	of	occurrence)	are	

listed in this table.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 28, 2022.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 23

Violation 

Code Category Violation Description

Number of 

Violations

393.9 Lighting Inoperable	Required	Lamp 350,886 

396.17(c) Periodic 

Inspection

Operating a CMV without proof of a periodic 

inspection

 166,281 

393.47(e) Brakes, Out Of 

Adjustment

Clamp	or	Roto	type	brake	out-of-adjustment 	128,376	

393.95(a) Emergency 

Equipment

No/discharged/unsecured	fire	extinguisher 116,239 

393.9TS Lighting Inoperative turn signal 106,265 

396.3(a)(1) All Other Vehicle 

Defects

Inspection, repair and maintenance of parts and 

accessories

 94,506 

393.75(a)(3) Tires Tire-flat	and/or	audible	air	leak 	88,784	

393.11 Lighting No	or	defective	lighting	devices	or	reflective	material	

as required

	76,107	

393.53(b) Brakes, All Others CMV manufactured after 10/19/94 has an automatic 

airbrake adjustment system that fails to compensate 

for wear

	75,109	

393.78 Windshield Windshield wipers inoperative/defective 	74,874	

393.75(c) Tires Tire-other tread depth less than 2/32 of inch 

measured in a major tread groove

 68,238 

390.21T(b) All Other Vehicle 

Defects

Carrier name and/or USDOT Number not displayed 

as required

 65,903 

396.5(b) All Other Vehicle 

Defects

Oil and/or grease leak 	64,976	

393.95(f) Emergency 

Equipment

No	/	insufficient	warning	devices 58,896 

393.9H Lighting Inoperable head lamps 55,223 

393.45(b)(2) Brakes, All Others Brake	hose	or	tubing	chafing	and/or	kinking 53,048 

396.3(a)1BOS Brakes, Out Of 

Adjustment

Brakes Out Of Service: The number of defective 

brakes is equal to or greater than 20 percent of the 

service brakes on the vehicle or combination

 51,855 

393.48(a) Brakes, All Others Inoperative/defective brakes 51,493 

393.55(e) Brakes, All Others No or Defective ABS Malfunction Indicator Lamp for 

trailer manufactured after 03/01/1998

 48,889 

393.9(a) Lighting Inoperative Brake Lamps 41,953 

2-11 Most Frequent Vehicle Violations in Inspections, 2021

Notes:	Total	number	of	vehicle	inspections	in	2021:	1,962,737.	Total	number	of	vehicle	

violations in 2021: 2,982,559. Total number of vehicle out-of-service (OOS) violations in 

2021:	629,170.	Only	the	top	20	vehicle	violations	(based	on	frequency	of	occurrence)	

are listed in this table. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 28, 2022.
24 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

2-12 Traffic Enforcement Inspections, 2017-2021

Activity Summary 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total	Number	of	Traffic	

Enforcement Inspections

 552,810 	567,501	 590,860 492,542 549,605 

Number	of	Traffic	Enforcement	

Inspections (Driver observed) 328,866 350,102 	353,637	 293,924 334,244 

With Moving Violations 325,186 345,943 349,419 290,430 	327,961	

With Drug & Alcohol Violations 	4,679	 5,365 5,492 	4,277	 5,665 

With	Railroad	Crossing	

Violations 223 210 252 183 169 

Number	of	Traffic	Enforcement	

Inspections (Vehicle observed) 223,944 	217,399	 	237,223	 198,618 215,361 

Activity Summary 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total	Number	of	Traffic	

Enforcement Violations

	791,626	 805,526 855,046 	726,478	 	822,667	

Number	of	Traffic	Enforcement	

Violations (Driver observed) 354,488 	378,827	 384,204 319,020 364,610 

Moving Violations 348,691 	372,043	 	377,131	 313,280 354,844 

Drug & Alcohol Violations 	5,573	 	6,573	 6,820 5,186 	6,867	

Railroad	Crossing	Violations 224 211 253 184 169 

Number	of	Traffic	Enforcement	

Violations (Vehicle observed) 	437,138	 426,699 	470,842	 	407,458	 	458,057	

2-13 Traffic Enforcement Violations, 2017-2021

Notes: One inspection may result in more than one violation; therefore, totals may 

not	equal	the	sum	of	all	components.	The	traffic	enforcement	program	involves	the	

enforcement of 26 moving and non-moving driver violations, which are included in 

the	driver	violation	portion	of	the	inspection	procedures.	As	of	January	2017,	two	new	

traffic	enforcement	violations	were	added:	“driving	a	commercial	motor	vehicle	(CMV)	

while texting” and “using a hand-held mobile telephone while operating a CMV.” These 

violations are included in the moving violations category. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 28, 2022.

Notes:	The	traffic	enforcement	program	involves	the	enforcement	of	26	moving	and	

non-moving driver violations, which are included in the driver violation portion of the 

inspection procedures. Inspections that result in drug- or alcohol-related violations are 

included	as	traffic	enforcement	type	inspections	if	another	moving	violation	is	present.	

As	of	January	2017,	two	new	traffic	enforcement	violations	were	added:	“driving	a	

commercial motor vehicle (CMV) while texting” and “using a hand-held mobile telephone 

while operating a CMV.” These violations are included in the moving violations category. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 28, 2022.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 25

3. investigations

This chapter provides summarized data for the past 5 years 

on all types of investigations and reviews conducted on motor 

carriers that transport property or passengers in interstate 

or intrastate commerce. Investigations are conducted to 

investigate	identified	areas	of	non-compliance	and	safety	

concerns,	with	a	focus	on	carriers	identified	as	high	risk;	to	

investigate complaints; or in response to other safety and 

compliance concerns. It is intended that through education, 

heightened safety regulation awareness, and the enforcement 

effects of investigations, motor carriers will improve the safety 

of their commercial vehicle operations and, ultimately, reduce 

their involvement in crashes. 

The Compliance, Safety, Accountability (CSA) program is 

FMCSA’s enforcement model to focus the Agency’s efforts 

on large truck and bus safety and to prevent crashes, 

injuries, and fatalities related to commercial motor vehicles 

(CMVs). This program has introduced an enforcement 

and compliance model that allows FMCSA and its State 

partners to contact more carriers earlier in order to address 

safety	deficiencies	before	crashes	occur.	The	CSA	program	

provides a nationwide system for making the roads safer for 

motor carriers and the public alike. 

Companies investigated by FMCSA include, but are not 

limited to: trucking companies, household goods moving 

companies, bus companies, cargo tank facilities, and 

hazardous materials shippers. 

For more statistics on investigations, please refer to: 

https://ai.fmcsa.dot.gov/SafetyProgram/Review.aspx.
26 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

3-1 Investigations by State, 2021

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 28, 2022. 
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 27

3-3 Interventions by Type, 2017-2021

Intervention Type 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Investigations 15,045 14,222 13,040 11,461 12,330 

Onsite Comprehensive 6,441 5,883 5,359 	1,974	 2,341 

Onsite Focused 	7,675	 	7,418	 	5,937	 3,609 5,004 

Offsite 	76	 330 	1,374	 	5,760	 	4,871	

Cargo	Tank	Facility	Reviews 131 92 82 	27	 30 

Shipper	Reviews 40 12 	7	 2 1 

Non-Rated	Reviews 	697	 502 293 90 83 

Warning Letters 28,508 30,150 26,564 22,230 28,181 

Security	Contact	Reviews 426 349 344 164 103 

Totral Terminal Investigations 15,301 20,442 25,010 	23,687	 22,661 

3-2 Investigations Conducted by Federal and State

Investigators, 2017-2021

Investigations 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

State 6,461 6,048 	5,377	 4,412 4,343 

Federal 8,583 	8,174	 	7,663	 	7,049	 	7,987	

Total 15,044 14,222 13,040 11,461 12,330 

3-4 FMCSA-Regulated Carriers by Safety Rating, 2021

Note: In order to receive a safety rating, a carrier must have received a 

compliance review or comprehensive onsite investigation.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 28, 2022.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 28, 2022.

Notes: Warning letters are based on a Safety Measurement System (SMS) algorithm that 

was implemented nationally in December of 2010.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 28, 2022.

Safety 

Rating

Interstate 

Freight 

Carriers

Intrastate HM 

Carriers

Interstate 

Passenger 

Carriers All Carriers

Conditional 11,482 502 148 12,132 

Satisfactory 30,913 	1,708	 2,535 35,156 

Unsatisfactory 919 116 	7	 1,042 

No	Rating 	646,777	 	36,074	 	7,202	 690,053 

Total 690,091 38,400 9,892 738,383 
28 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

3-5 Passenger Carrier, Hazardous Materials Carrier, and

Household Goods Carrier Investigations, 2017-2021

Carriers by Vehicle Type 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Any Passenger Vehicles* 1,552 1,166 1,162 399 468

Motorcoaches 1,199 915 964 227 284

School Buses 186 176 315 107 121

Vans 348 281 160 91 134

Mini Buses 541 390 178 70 175

Limousines 116 100 219 80 36

Hazardous Materials 643 524 560 439 511

Household Goods 181 174 135 63 66

3-6 Investigations by Carrier Fleet Size, 2017-2021

Carrier Fleet Size 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Very Small (1-6 Power Units) 8,986 8,477 7,509 6,150 6,635

Small	(7-20	Power	Units) 3,737 3,614 3,413 3,249 3,602

Medium (21-100 Power Units) 1,830 1,701 1,643 1,688 1,697

Large (>100 Power Units) 332 339 355 328 365

No Power Units/Unreported 160 91 120 46 31

Total 15,045 14,222 13,040 11,461 12,330

*The “Any Passenger Vehicles” row might not equal the sum of subcategories for a 

given row due to carriers applying for multiple passenger authority at the time of the 

application.

Notes: Passenger carriers were those carriers that registered to transport passengers 

and owned or leased at least one passenger vehicle (motorcoach, school bus, van, 

mini-bus, or limousine). Beginning in 2014, reporting criteria for identifying passenger 

carrier investigations was updated. As a result, data may differ from previous versions.

Passenger	carrier	investigations	now	reflect	investigations	performed	by	Federal	

and State personnel on motor carriers that were subject to the Safety Measurement 

System (SMS) passenger carrier threshold at the time of the investigations. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), data 

snapshot as of January 28, 2022.

Note: Carriers listed as having zero power units are included in the “No Power 

Units/Unreported” category. 

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 28, 2022.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 29

Year Safety Audits Safety Audit Pass Rate

2017 36,214 89.80%

2018 	37,348	 89.30%

2019 	40,277	 88.20%

2020 40,220 92.60%

2021 	48,257	 92.30%

3-7 New Entrant Safety Audits, 2017-2021

Notes: A new entrant is a motor carrier that applies for a USDOT number in order 

to initiate operations in interstate commerce or the intrastate transportation of 

hazardous materials (HM). Carriers remain in the New Entrant Safety Assurance 

Program until they pass the safety audit and have been in business for 18 

months. For more information on the New Entrant Safety Assurance Program, 

visit https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/new-entrant-safety-assurance-program.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 28, 2022.
30 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

3-8 Summary of Closed Enforcement Cases, 2017-2021

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Subject Type

Cases

(Amount 

Settled)

Cases

(Amount 

Settled)

Cases

(Amount 

Settled)

Cases

(Amount 

Settled)

Cases

(Amount 

Settled)

Broker

0

($0)

0

($0)

0

($0)

0

($0)

1

 ($3,880)

Cargo Tank 

Facility

35

	($938,720)

25

 ($593,650)

14

 ($94,500)

9

 ($12,288,560)

3

 ($33,080)

Carrier

4,617

	($33,288,715)

4,127

 ($29,138,349)

3,499

 ($22,443,295)

2,405

 ($14,609,534)

2,674

	($17,487,345)

Drug Consortium

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

1

 ($5,890)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

Freight Forwarder

64

 ($922,352)

70

	($955,874)

42

 ($434,932)

11

	($59,700)

13

 ($61,350)

HM Carrier

166

 ($2,341,200)

139

	($1,673,220)

121

	($1,161,700)

54

 ($405,289)

38

	($453,370)

HM Carrier (Not 

Placarded)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

1

 ($3,110)

0

 ($0)

HM Carrier/

Shipper

107

	($1,407,510)

80

 ($963,390)

52

	($575,100)

25

	($287,780)

32

 ($264,540)

HM Carrier/

Shipper (Not 

Placarded)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

Not Carrier 

(45-Day)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

Other

3

 ($15,360)

4

	($16,716)

3

 ($19,640)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

Passenger 

Carrier

206

	($1,779,542)

92

	($972,746)

63

 ($449,133)

34

	($217,650)

11

 ($64,369)

Shipper

5

 ($41,650)

2

 ($30,110)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

Small Passenger 

Carrier

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

0

 ($0)

Total

5,203

 ($40,735,049)

4,539

 ($34,344,055)

3,795

 ($25,184,190)

2,539

 ($27,871,623)

2,772

 ($18,367,934)

Notes: FMCSA is responsible for ensuring full compliance with all Federal Motor

Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs) and Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMRs)	

required of large truck and bus companies regulated by the USDOT. This table 

provides data for 5 calendar years of enforcement cases considered “closed” for 

large truck and bus companies regulated by the USDOT. An enforcement case is 

deemed “closed” once FMCSA issues a carrier a “Notice of Claim” (NOC) and the 

carrier has (1) paid the penalty in full, (2) signed a settlement agreement, (3) 

defaulted on the NOC, upon which a “Final Agency Order” is issued, or (4) found 

liable for violations charged in the NOC after adjudication.

Data Source: FMCSA, Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), 

data snapshot as of January 28, 2022.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 31

4. crashes

In	2020,	of	the	35,766	fatal	crashes	on	the	Nation’s	roadways,	4,588	(12.8	

percent) involved at least one large truck or bus. In addition, there were an 

estimated 5,215,000 nonfatal crashes, 440,000 (8.4 percent) of which involved 

at least one large truck or bus. For more information on large truck and bus 

crashes, please refer to the annual Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts publication 

available at https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/data-and-statistics/large-truck-andbus-crash-facts.

Data Sources:

FARS:	Maintained	by	the	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	

(NHTSA),	the	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS)	is	an	annual	census	of	

fatal	crashes	involving	motor	vehicles	traveling	on	public	trafficways.	Beginning	

with	data	for	2016,	the	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	

implemented	changes	to	revise	vehicle	classification	based	on	gross	vehicle	

weight	rating	(GVWR),	which	reclassified	329	light	pickup	trucks	as	large	trucks.	

Due	to	this	methodology	change,	comparisons	of	the	2016	(and	later)	FARS	

large truck data with prior years should be performed with caution. For more 

information	on	FARS,	refer	to	https://www.nhtsa.gov/FARS.

CRSS:	NHTSA	established	the	Crash	Report	Sampling	System	(CRSS)	in	2016	

when	the	long-running	General	Estimates	System	(GES)	was	retired.	CRSS	

is a sample of police-reported crashes involving all types of motor vehicles, 

pedestrians, and cyclists, ranging from property-damage-only crashes to those 

that	result	in	fatalities.	CRSS	is	used	to	estimate	the	overall	crash	picture,	identify	

highway safety problem areas, measure trends, inform consumer information 

initiatives,	and	support	cost	and	benefit	analyses	of	highway	safety	initiatives	and	

regulations.	The	data	from	CRSS	yield	national	estimates	through	a	weighting	

procedure	but	cannot	give	State-level	estimates.	Because	CRSS	is	a	sample	

of motor vehicle crashes, the results generated are estimates rounded to the 

nearest 1000; however, associated percentages and rates are based on the 

unrounded	data.	To	learn	more	about	CRSS,	visit	https://www.nhtsa.gov/crashdata-systems/crash-report-sampling-system.

MCMIS: Maintained by FMCSA, the Motor Carrier Management Information 

System (MCMIS) Crash File contains data on commercial trucks and buses 

in fatal, injury, and towaway crashes (crashes in which at least one vehicle is 

disabled as a result of the crash and transported away from the crash scene). 

Crash	severity	thresholds	and	vehicle	type	definitions	in	MCMIS	differ	slightly	

from	those	in	FARS	and	GES/CRSS,	and	all	tables	are	noted	accordingly.	

All MCMIS crash data presented are considered preliminary for 22 months. 
32 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

For more information on MCMIS, refer to https://ask.fmcsa.dot.gov/app/

mcmiscatalog/mcmishome.

NHTSA Crash Severity Levels:

This Pocket Guide includes data on police-reported crashes collected by 

NHTSA, which include fatal, injury, and property-damage-only (PDO) crashes.

 

1. Fatal crashes include police-reported crashes involving a motor vehicle in 

transport	on	a	trafficway	in	which	at	least	one	person	dies	within	30	days	of	

the crash. The fatality does not have to occur at the scene of the crash and 

includes any person involved, including non-motorists. 

 

2. Injury crashes include police-reported crashes involving a motor vehicle 

in	transport	on	a	trafficway	in	which	no	one	died	but	at	least	one	person	

was reported to have: (1) an incapacitating injury; (2) a visible but not 

incapacitating injury; (3) a possible, not visible injury; or (4) an injury of 

unknown severity. 

3. PDO crashes include police-reported crashes involving a motor vehicle in 

transport	on	a	trafficway	in	which	no	one	involved	in	the	crash	suffered	any	

injuries. 

For more information on crash severity levels, refer to NHTSA’s

National	Center	for	Statistics	and	Analysis	(NCSA)	Data	Resource	Web	site	at:	

https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/#/. 

Vehicles in Crashes: 

Large Trucks: FARS	and	CRSS	define	a	large	truck	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	

vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	The	Motor	Carrier	

Management	Information	System	(MCMIS)	defines	a	large	truck	as	a	vehicle	

designed,	used,	or	maintained	primarily	for	carrying	property,	with	a	GVWR	or	

gross	combination	weight	rating	(GCWR)	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	or	any	

vehicle carrying hazardous materials that requires placarding, regardless of 

weight. 

Buses:	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	

including the driver.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 33

4-2 Fatal Crashes by Vehicle Type, 2017-2020

Year

Number of Crashes Involving: 

Large Trucks Buses Large Trucks and Buses All Vehicle Types

2017 4,367 231 4,587 34,560

2018 4,461 234 4,678 33,919

2019 4,502 234 4,722 33,487

2020 4,444 155 4,588 35,766

4-1 Total Crashes by Vehicle Type, 2017-2020 

Year

Number of Crashes Involving:

Large Trucks Buses Large Trucks and Buses All Vehicle Types

2017 450,000 66,000 512,000 6,454,000

2018 499,000 65,000 560,000 6,735,000

2019 511,000 72,000 580,000 6,755,000

2020 415,000 30,000 445,000 5,251,000

Notes: Individual subtotals may not sum to the totals due to the potential for double counting 

(e.g.,	crashes	involving	both	a	truck	and	a	bus).	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	

a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	is	defined	as	

a vehicle with seats for at least nine people, including the driver. The “All Vehicle Types” 

category includes crashes involving passenger cars, light trucks, large trucks, buses, 

motorcycles, or any other type of motor vehicle. These numbers include fatal crash data 

from	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS)	and	injury	crash	and	property-damage-only	

(PDO)	crash	data	from	Crash	Report	Sampling	System	(CRSS).	CRSS	is	a	sample	of	motor	

vehicle crashes—the results generated are estimates rounded to the nearest one thousand; 

however, associated percentages and rates are based on the unrounded data.

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	FARS,	and	CRSS.

Notes: Individual subtotals may not sum to the totals due to the potential for double counting 

(e.g.,	crashes	involving	both	a	truck	and	a	bus).	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	

vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	

seats for at least nine people, including the driver. The “All Vehicle Types” category includes 

crashes involving passenger cars, light trucks, large trucks, buses, motorcycles, or any other 

type of motor vehicle.

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	Fatality	Analysis

Reporting	System	(FARS).
34 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

4-3 Injury Crashes by Vehicle Type, 2017-2020

Year

Number of Crashes Involving: 

Large Trucks Buses Large Trucks and Buses All Vehicle Types

2017 102,000 15,000 116,000 1,889,000

2018 107,000 15,000 121,000 1,894,000

2019 114,000 13,000 127,000 1,916,000

2020 101,000 7,000 108,000 1,593,000

4-4 Property-Damage-Only (PDO) Crashes by Vehicle Type,

 2017-2020

Year

Number of Crashes Involving: 

Large Trucks Buses Large Trucks and Buses All Vehicle Types

2017 344,000 51,000 391,000 4,530,000

2018 388,000 50,000 434,000 4,807,000

2019 392,000 59,000 448,000 4,806,000

2020 310,000 23,000 332,000 3,622,000

Notes: Individual subtotals may not sum to the totals due to the potential for double counting 

(e.g.,	crashes	involving	both	a	truck	and	a	bus).	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	

vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	

seats for at least nine people, including the driver. The “All Vehicle Types” category includes 

crashes involving passenger cars, light trucks, large trucks, buses, motorcycles, or any other 

type	of	motor	vehicle.	These	numbers	include	injury	crash	data	from	Crash	Report	Sampling	

System	(CRSS).	CRSS	is	a	sample	of	motor	vehicle	crashes—the	results	are	estimates

rounded to the nearest one thousand; however, associated percentages and rates are based 

on the unrounded data.

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	CRSS.

Notes: Individual subtotals may not sum to the totals due to the potential for double counting 

(e.g.,	crashes	involving	both	a	truck	and	a	bus).	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	

vehicle	wight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	

seats for at least nine people, including the driver. The “All Vehicle Types” category includes 

crashes involving passenger cars, light trucks, large trucks, buses, motorcycles, or any other 

type	of	motor	vehicle.	These	numbers	include	PDO	crash	data	from	Crash	Report	Sampling	

System	(CRSS).	CRSS	is	a	sample	of	motor	vehicle	crashes—the	results	generated	are	

estimates rounded to the nearest one thousand; however, associated percentages and rates 

are based on the unrounded data.

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	CRSS.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 35

4-5 Large Truck Fatal Crashes, 1975-2020

Year

Fatal 

Crashes 

Involving 

Large 

Trucks

Large 

Truck 

Occupant 

Fatalities

Total 

Fatalities 

in Large 

Truck 

Crashes

Million 

VMT by 

Large 

Trucks

Rates per 

100 Million VMT

Large 

Trucks 

Registered

Fatal 

Crashes 

Involving 

Large 

Trucks

Fatalities 

in Large 

Truck 

Crashes

1975 3,722 961 4,483 81,330 4.58 5.51 5,362,369

1980 5,042 1262 5,971 108,491 4.65 5.50 5,790,653

1985 4,841 977 5,734 123,504 3.92 4.64 5,996,337

1990 4,518 705 5,272 146,242 3.09 3.60 6,195,876

1995 4,194 648 4,918 178,156 2.35 2.76 6,719,421

2000 4,573 754 5,282 205,520 2.23 2.57 8,022,649

2005 4,551 804 5,240 222,523 2.05 2.35 8,481,999

2010 3,271 530 3,686 286,527 1.14 1.29 10,770,054

2011 3,365 640 3,781 267,594 1.26 1.41 10,270,693

2012 3,486 697 3,944 269,207 1.29 1.47 10,659,380

2013 3,554 695 3,981 275,017 1.29 1.45 10,597,356

2014 3,429 656 3,908 279,132 1.23 1.40 10,905,956

2015 3,622 665 4,094 279,844 1.29 1.46 11,203,184

2016† 4,177 815 4,678 287,895 1.45 1.62 11,498,561

2017† 4,367 878 4,906 297,593 1.47 1.65 12,229,216

2018† 4,461 890 5,006 304,864 1.46 1.64 13,233,910

2019† 4,502 893 5,032 300,050 1.50 1.68 13,085,643

2020† 4,444 831 4,965 302,141 1.47 1.64 13,479,382

4-6 Large Truck Injury Crashes, 2017-2020

Year

Injury 

Crashes 

Involving 

Large 

Trucks

Large 

Trucks 

Involved 

in Injury 

Crashes

Persons 

Injured 

in Large 

Truck 

Crashes

Million 

VMT by 

Large 

Trucks

Rates per 

100 Million VMT

Large 

Trucks 

Registered

Injury 

Crashes 

Involving 

Large 

Trucks

Persons 

Injured 

in Large 

Truck 

Crashes

2017 102,000 107,000 148,000 297,593 34.4 49.7 12,229,216

2018 107,000 112,000 151,000 304,864 35.0 49.4 13,233,910

2019 114,000 119,000 158,000 300,050 38.0 52.8 13,085,643

2020 101,000 107,000 147,000 302,141 33.4 48.7 13,479,382

†Beginning	with	data	for	2016,	the	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	implemented	

changes	to	revise	vehicle	classification	based	on	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR),	which	reclassified	

329 light pickup trucks as large trucks. Due to this methodology change, comparisons of the 2016 (and 

later)	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS)	large	truck	data	with	prior	years	should	be	performed	with	

caution.

Notes:	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	GVWR	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	The	Federal	Highway	

Administration (FHWA) implemented an enhanced methodology for estimating registered vehicles and 

vehicle	miles	traveled	(VMT)	by	vehicle	type	beginning	with	data	from	2007.	As	a	result,	involvement	rates	

may	differ,	and	in	some	cases	significantly,	from	earlier	years.

Data	Sources:	FARS	and	Vehicle	Miles	Traveled	and	Registered	Vehicles	–	Federal	Highway	Administration	

(FHWA), Highway Statistics 2020. 

Notes: “Persons Injured” includes all nonfatally injured persons in injury and fatal crashes. A large truck 

is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	The	rates	

displayed	in	this	table	based	on	unrounded	Crash	Report	Sampling	System	(CRSS)	data.	CRSS	is	a	

sample of motor vehicle crashes--the results generated are estimates rounded to the nearest one thousand; 

however, associated percentages and rates are based on the unrounded data.

Data	Sources:	Vehicle	Miles	Traveled	and	Registered	Vehicles;	Federal	Highway	Administration	(FHWA),	

Highway Statistics 2020,	Injury	Crashes,	Vehicles	Involved,	and	Persons	Injured:	National	Highway	Traffic	

Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	and	CRSS.
36 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

4-7 Large Truck and Bus Fatality Rates Per 100 Million Total 

Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) by State, 2019 and 2020

State

2019 2020

Fatalities Million VMT Fatality Rate Fatalities Million VMT Fatality Rate

Alabama 141 71,735 0.20 145 67,921 0.21

Alaska 9 5,881 0.15 9 5,306 0.17

Arizona 92 70,281 0.13 124 65,758 0.19

Arkansas 82 37,099 0.22 88 33,919 0.26

California 429 340,836 0.13 413 299,812 0.14

Colorado 106 54,634 0.19 87 48,642 0.18

Connecticut 23 31,601 0.07 26 29,845 0.09

Delaware 17 10,245 0.17 11 8,345 0.13

D.C. 0 3,756 0.00 2 3,030 0.07

Florida 368 226,514 0.16 355 208,076 0.17

Georgia 217 133,128 0.16 247 115,967 0.21

Hawaii 4 11,024 0.04 7 8,785 0.08

Idaho 44 18,058 0.24 52 17,406 0.30

Illinois 148 107,525 0.14 181 94,121 0.19

Indiana 146 82,719 0.18 157 76,608 0.20

Iowa 70 33,537 0.21 73 29,751 0.25

Kansas 86 31,843 0.27 75 27,854 0.27

Kentucky 119 49,410 0.24 119 46,536 0.26

Louisiana 93 51,360 0.18 103 48,374 0.21

Maine 18 14,871 0.12 22 13,086 0.17

Maryland 69 60,216 0.11 61 50,885 0.12

Massachusetts 34 64,890 0.05 28 54,127 0.05

Michigan 111 102,174 0.11 80 86,547 0.09

Minnesota 62 60,731 0.10 60 51,619 0.12

Mississippi 93 41,091 0.23 86 39,665 0.22

Missouri 140 79,168 0.18 122 72,797 0.17

Montana 35 12,892 0.27 34 12,104 0.28

Nebraska 66 21,242 0.31 56 19,432 0.29

Nevada 43 28,794 0.15 41 25,231 0.16

New Hampshire 7 13,828 0.05 12 11,956 0.10

New Jersey 89 78,205 0.11 61 66,341 0.09

New Mexico 78 27,772 0.28 52 23,756 0.22

New York 136 123,986 0.11 128 102,477 0.12

North Carolina 165 122,475 0.13 175 106,342 0.16

North Dakota 21 9,826 0.21 21 8,768 0.24

Ohio 179 114,694 0.16 152 103,115 0.15

Oklahoma 105 44,648 0.24 89 42,000 0.21

Oregon 68 35,808 0.19 76 32,298 0.24

Pennsylvania 142 102,864 0.14 138 87,982 0.16

Rhode	Island 4 7,581 0.05 6 6,864 0.09

South Carolina 126 57,939 0.22 134 53,972 0.25

South Dakota 16 9,922 0.16 28 9,743 0.29

Tennessee 156 82,892 0.19 182 76,392 0.24

Texas 671 288,227 0.23 650 260,582 0.25

Utah 47 32,911 0.14 42 30,251 0.14

Vermont 12 7,346 0.16 4 6,007 0.07

Virginia 115 85,432 0.13 113 76,110 0.15

Washington 84 62,530 0.13 67 53,658 0.12

West Virginia 43 19,077 0.23 34 16,054 0.21

Wisconsin 74 66,348 0.11 72 57,600 0.13

Wyoming 41 10,208 0.40 25 9,800 0.26

National Totals 5,244 3,261,772 0.16 5,125 2,903,622 0.18

Notes: D.C. = District of Columbia. The fatality rate equals “Fatalities” divided by “Million VMT,” multiplied by 100. 

A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	

is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	including	the	driver.	 	 Data	Sources:	Vehicle	Miles	Traveled	and	Registered	Vehicles	–	Federal	Highway	Administration	(FHWA),	

Highway Statistics 2020;	Fatalities	–	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	Fatality	Analysis	 Reporting	System	(FARS).
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 37

4-8 Large Truck and Bus Fatality Rates Per 100 Million Total 

Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) by State, 2020

Data Sources: Vehicle Miles Traveled - FHWA, Highway Statistics 2020; Fatalities - 

National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	

System	(FARS).
38 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

4-9 Vehicle Occupants Killed in Large Truck Crashes 

by Vehicle Type, 2017-2020

4-10 Nonmotorists Killed in Large Truck Crashes, 2017 -2020

Occupant of: 2017 2018 2019 2020

Passenger Car 1,741 1,696 1,657 1,691

Light Truck 1,469 1,536 1,580 1,483

Large Truck 878 890 893 831

Motorcycle 285 288 302 298

Bus 17 25 4 6

Other/Unknown 23 18 26 34

Total Vehicle Occupants 4,413 4,453 4,462 4,343

Nonmotorist Type 2017 2018 2019 2020

Total Nonmotorist Fatalities 493 553 570 622

Pedestrian 391 452 453 514

Pedalcyclist 78 78 91 84

Other/Unknown Nonmotorist 24 23 26 24

Total Fatalities 4,906 5,006 5,032 4,965

Percent Nonmotorist Fatalities 10.0% 11.0% 11.3% 12.5%

Notes:	A	passenger	car	is	defined	as	a	motor	vehicle	used	primarily	for	carrying	passengers,	

including	convertibles,	sedans,	and	station	wagons.	A	light	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	

gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	of	10,000	pounds	or	less,	including	pickups,	vans,	truckbased	station	wagons,	and	sport	utility	vehicles.	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	GVWR	

greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	

including the driver. 

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	Fatality	Analysis	

Reporting	System	(FARS).

Notes:	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	

than	10,000	pounds.	A	nonmotorist	is	defined	as	any	person	who	is	not	an	occupant	of	a	

motor vehicle, including, but not limited to, the following: pedestrians, pedalcyclists, or others 

such as skateboard riders, people riding on animals, and persons riding in other nonmotorized 

conveyances. 

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	Fatality	Analysis	

Reporting	System	(FARS).
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 39

4-12 Fatal Crashes by Work Zone, 2017-2020

Crash Type:

2017 2018 2019 2020

No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct.

Large Truck Fatal Crashes 4,367 100.0% 4,461 100.0% 4,502 100.0% 4,444 100.0%

Work Zone 221 5.1% 207 4.6% 249 5.5% 204 4.6%

Not a Work Zone 4,146 94.9% 4,254 95.4% 4,253 94.5% 4,240 95.4%

All Fatal Crashes 34,560 100.0% 33,919 100.0% 33,487 100.0% 35,766 100.0%

Work Zone 720 2.1% 672 2.0% 765 2.3% 774 2.2%

Not a Work Zone 33,840 97.9% 33,247 98.0% 32,722 97.7% 34,992 97.8%

Percent of Work-Zone 

Fatal Crashes that 

Involved at Least One 

Large Truck

30.7% 30.8% 32.5% 26.4%

Percent of All Fatal 

Crashes that Involved 

at Least One Large 

Truck

12.6% 13.2% 13.4% 12.4%

4-11 Nonmotorists Killed in Bus Crashes, 2017-2020

Nonmotorist Type 2017 2018 2019 2020

Total Nonmotorist Fatalities 54 64 74 54

Pedestrian 42 54 59 45

Pedalcyclist 11 7 12 7

Other/Unknown Nonmotorist 1 3 3 2

Total Fatalities 276 267 261 176

Percent Nonmotorist Fatalities 19.6% 24.0% 28.4% 30.7%

Notes:	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	including	the	driver.	

A	nonmotorist	is	defined	as	any	person	who	is	not	an	occupant	of	a	motor	vehicle,	including,	

but not limited to, the following: pedestrians, pedalcyclists, skateboard riders, people riding on 

animals, and persons riding in other nonmotorized conveyances. 

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	Fatality	Analysis	

Reporting	System	(FARS).

Notes: “Not a Work Zone” counts include crashes where the location was unknown. A large 

truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	

pounds.	A	work	zone	is	defined	as	an	area	of	a	trafficway	where	construction,	maintenance,	

or	utility	work	activities	are	identified	by	warning	signs/signals/indicators.	

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	Fatality	Analysis	

Reporting	System	(FARS).
40 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

4-14 Percentage of Large Truck Drivers in Fatal Crashes Not 

Wearing Any Type of Safety Belt, 2010-2020

†Beginning	with	data	for	2016,	the	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	

implemented	changes	to	revise	vehicle	classification	based	on	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	

(GVWR),	which	reclassified	329	light	pickup	trucks	as	large	trucks.	Due	to	this	methodology	

change,	comparisons	of	the	2016	(and	later)	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS)	large	

truck data with prior years should be performed with caution.

Note:	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	GVWR	greater	than	10,000	pounds.

Drivers with unknown safety belt usage are not included in the percentages displayed.

Data	Sources:	NHTSA	and	Fatality	Ananlysis	Reporting	System	(FARS).

4-13 Truck Weight Rating for Large Trucks in Fatal Crashes, 

2017-2020

Truck Weight Rating 2017 2018 2019 2020

Class 3: 10,001 - 14,000 lb 593 635 658 724

Class 4: 14,001 - 16,000 lb 102 111 132 139

Class 5: 16,001 - 19,500 lb 151 172 163 169

Class 6: 19,501 - 26,000 lb 246 287 274 291

Class	7:	26,001	-	33,000	lb 271 222 235 247

Class 8: > 33,000 lb 3,319 3,197 3,353 3,123

Unknown/Other 123 285 218 149

Total 4,805 4,909 5,033 4,842

 

 

Notes:	A	large	truck	is	defined	here	as	a	truck	with	a	GVWR	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	

Data	Sources:	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA)	and	Fatality	Analysis	

Reporting	System	(FARS).
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 41

Cargo Release

Number of Large Trucks

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*

Cargo	Release:	No 	2,792	 	2,972	 	2,776	 2,130 2,396 

Cargo	Release:	Yes 	607	 	674	 641 	557	 522 

Corrosives 42 52 40 41 28 

Explosives 11 16 20 14 10 

Flammable Liquid 286 350 299 291 263 

Flammable Solids 	7	 8 10 6 8 

Gases 66 59 	77	 69 66 

Miscellaneous 

Dangerous Goods 51 61 58 34 41 

Oxidizing Substances 2 12 3 	7	 	7	

Poison & Infectious 

Substances 8 	7	 1 6 5 

Radioactive	Material 3 0 1 1 1 

Unknown 131 109 132 88 93 

Cargo	Release:	Unknown 495 500 391 	271	 315 

Total 3,894 4,146 3,808 2,958 3,233 

4-15 Hazardous Materials (HM) Cargo Release in Crashes 

Involving Large Trucks with HM Placards, 2017-2021

*Crash records reported to the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) 

through December 31, 2021, are included in this table. States are expected to report crash 

data to FMCSA within 90 days of the crash. Data are considered preliminary for 22 months to 

allow for changes.

Notes:	Here,	a	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	designed,	used,	or	maintained	primarily	

for	carrying	property,	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	or	gross	combination	

weight	rating	(GCWR)	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	or	any	vehicle	carrying	HM	that	requires	

placarding, regardless of weight.

Data Source: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshot as of March 25, 2022.
42 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

License Class

Number of Vehicles Involved

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*

Class A 118,162 125,681 123,263 108,389 	119,275	

Class B 	22,197	 23,323 	23,274	 15,885 18,328 

Class C 12,866 15,545 15,619 13,124 15,809 

Class D 21,114 22,969 23,024 20,341 24,064 

Class M 	171	 105 85 68 80 

Unknown 8,253 9,000 9,311 9,405 11,938 

Total 182,763 196,623 194,576 167,212 189,494 

4-16 Large Truck and Bus Drivers in Crashes, by Driver’s 

License Class, 2017-2021

*Crash records reported to the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) 

through December 31, 2021, are included in this table. States are expected to report crash 

data to FMCSA within 90 days of the crash. Data are considered preliminary for 22 months to 

allow for changes.

Notes:	Here,	a	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	designed,	used,	or	maintained	primarily	for	

carrying	property,	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	or	gross	combination	weight	

rating	(GCWR)	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	or	any	vehicle	carrying	hazardous	materials	

(HM)	that	requires	placarding,	regardless	of	weight.	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	

for at least nine people, including the driver. Descriptions for driver’s license classes are 

as	follows:	Class	A	pertains	to	any	combination	of	vehicles	which	has	a	GCWR	or	gross	

combination weight of 26,001 pounds or more, whichever is greater, inclusive of a towed 

unit(s)	with	a	GVWR	or	gross	vehicle	weight	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	whichever	is	

greater.	Class	B	pertains	to	any	single	vehicle	which	has	a	GVWR	or	gross	vehicle	weight	of	

26,001	pounds	or	more,	or	any	such	vehicle	towing	a	vehicle	with	a	GVWR	or	gross	vehicle	

weight that does not exceed 10,000 pounds. Class C pertains to any single vehicle, or 

combination	of	vehicles,	that	does	not	meet	the	definition	of	Class	A	or	Class	B,	but	is	either	

designed to transport 16 or more passengers, including the driver, or is transporting material 

that has been designated as hazardous and is required to be placarded or is transporting any 

quantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin. Class D pertains to any vehicle, or any 

combination	of	vehicles,	with	a	GVWR	of	26,000	or	less	that	is	not	used	1)	for	the	purpose	

of transporting HM which are required by law to be placarded, 2) to transport more than 15 

passengers including the driver, and 3) is not a school bus used to transport children to and 

from school for compensation. Class M pertains to motorcycles and motor-driven cycles.

Data Source: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshot as of March 25, 2022.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 43

Carrier Operation 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*

Interstate 115,725 123,385 114,682 105,710 124,119

Intrastate Hazardous Materials (HM) 1,731 1,858 1,918 1,724 1,897

Intrastate Non-HM** 19,865 21,666 20,645 19,150 22,580

Unknown Carrier Operation** 17 1,334 1,313 944 926

No USDOT Number 26,042 28,139 27,331 26,870 27,295

Total 163,380 176,382 165,889 154,398 176,817

4-18 Large Trucks in Crashes by Carrier Operation, 2017-2021

4-17 Large Trucks in Crashes by Operation Classification, 

2017-2021

Operation Classification 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*

For-Hire 94,163 100,900 93,535 	87,511	 103,250 

Private 	27,375	 29,439 	27,597	 24,220 28,469 

Both For-Hire and Private 14,185 15,341 15,051 13,690 15,544 

Neither For-Hire Nor Private 1,615 	1,497	 1,418 	1,287	 1,409 

No USDOT Number 26,042 29,205 28,288 	27,690	 28,145 

Total 163,380 176,382 165,889 154,398 176,817

*Crash records reported to the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) 

through December 31, 2021, are included in this table. States are expected to report crash 

data to FMCSA within 90 days of the crash. Data are considered preliminary for 22 months to 

allow for changes.

**Some States do not require intrastate non-HM carriers to obtain USDOT numbers. 

Note:	Here,	a	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	designed,	used,	or	maintained	primarily	for	

carrying	property,	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	or	gross	combination	weight	

rating	(GCWR)	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	or	any	vehicle	carrying	HM	that	requires	

placarding, regardless of weight.

Data Sources: Crash data for all years: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshot as of March 25, 2022. 

Carrier	operation	information:	FMCSA,	MCMIS,	data	snapshots	as	of	December	29,	2017;	

December	28,	2018;	December	27,	2019;	December	18,	2020;	and	December	31,	2021.

*Crash records reported to the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) 

through December 31, 2021, are included in this table. States are expected to report crash 

data to FMCSA within 90 days of the crash. Data are considered preliminary for 22 months to 

allow for changes. 

Note:	Here,	a	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	designed,	used,	or	maintained	primarily	for	

carrying	property,	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	or	gross	combination	weight	

rating	(GCWR)	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	or	any	vehicle	carrying	hazardous	materials	

(HM) that requires placarding, regardless of weight. 

Data Sources: Crash data for all years: FMCSA, MCMIS, data snapshot as of March 25, 2022. 

Operation	classification	information:	FMCSA,	MCMIS,	data	snapshots	as	of	December	29,	

2017;	December	28,	2018;	December	31,	2019;	December	18,	2020;	and	December	31,	

2021.
44 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

4-19 Bus Fatal Crashes, 1975-2020

Year

Fatal 

Crashes 

Involving 

Buses

Bus 

Occupant 

Fatalities

Total 

Fatalities 

in Bus 

Crashes

Million 

VMT by 

Buses

Rates per 

100 Million VMT

Buses 

Registered

Fatal 

Crashes 

Involving 

Buses

Fatalities 

in Bus 

Crashes

1975 323 53 348 6,055 5.33 5.75 462,156

1980 329 46 390 6,059 5.43 6.44 528,789

1985 337 57 398 4,478 7.53 8.89 593,485

1990 286 32 340 5,726 4.99 5.94 626,987

1995 271 33 311 6,420 4.22 4.84 685,503

2000 323 22 357 7,590 4.26 4.70 746,125

2005 278 58 340 6,980 3.98 4.87 807,053

2010 247 44 278 13,770 1.79 2.02 846,051

2011 243 55 284 13,807 1.76 2.06 666,064

2012 252 39 282 14,781 1.70 1.91 764,509

2013 282 54 320 15,167 1.86 2.11 864,549

2014 235 44 283 15,999 1.47 1.77 872,027

2015 259 49 297 16,230 1.60 1.83 888,907

2016 231 64 290 16,350 1.41 1.77 976,161

2017 231 43 276 17,227 1.34 1.60 983,231

2018 234 44 267 18,303 1.28 1.46 992,152

2019 234 35 261 17,980 1.30 1.45 995,033

2020 155 16 176 15,104 1.03 1.17 1,006,469

4-20 Bus Injury Crashes, 2017-2020

Year

Injury 

Crashes 

Involving 

Buses

Buses 

Involved 

in Injury 

Crashes

Persons 

Injured 

in Bus 

Crashes

Million 

VMT by 

Buses

Rates per 100 Million 

VMT

Buses 

Registered

Injury 

Crashes 

Involving 

Buses

Persons 

Injured 

in Bus 

Crashes

2017 15,000 15,000 25,000 17,227 84.6 142.5 983,231

2018 15,000 15,000 27,000 18,303 80.9 145.4 992,152

2019 13,000 14,000 25,000 17,980 74.6 140.4 995,033

2020 7,000 7,000 14,000 15,104 49.5 92.0 1,006,469

Note:	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	including	the	driver.		

Data	Sources:	Vehicle	Miles	Traveled	and	Registered	Vehicles	-	FHWA,	Highway Statistics 

2020;	Fatal	Crashes,	Vehicles	Involved,	and	Fatalities	-	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	

Administration	(NHTSA),	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS).

Notes: “Persons Injured” includes all nonfatally injured persons in injury and fatal crashes. A 

bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	including	the	driver.	The	rates	

displayed	in	this	table	are	based	on	unrounded	Crash	Report	Sampling	System	(CRSS)	data.	

CRSS	is	a	sample	of	motor-vehicle	crashes--the	results	generated	are	estimates	rounded	to	the	

nearest one thousand; however, associated percentages and rates are based on the unrounded 

data.

Data	Sources:	Vehicle	Miles	Traveled	and	Registered	Vehicles	–	Federal	Highway	Administration	

(FHWA), Highway Statistics 2020; Injury Crashes, Vehicles Involved, and Persons Injured – 

National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	and	CRSS.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 45

4-21 Fatal Crashes Involving Buses, by Type of Bus, 2010-2020

Year

School 

Bus

Cross-Country 

Intercity Bus 

(Motorcoach)

Transit 

Bus

VanBased 

Bus*

Other 

Bus 

Type

Bus Type 

Unknown Total

2010 113 35 84 — 11 4 247

2011 97 40 68 25 10 3 243

2012 101 34 78 30 7 2 252

2013 114 44 82 28 10 4 282

2014 90 32 79 9 21 4 235

2015 99 34 92 14 18 5 259

2016 87 17 97 6 19 6 231

2017 72 13 97 31 16 4 231

2018 81 15 84 30 23 2 234

2019 86 15 79 32 22 1 234

2020 46 9 85 3 11 1 155

4-22 Estimated Costs of Large Truck and Bus Crashes, 

2017-2020

Year

Fatal 

Crashes

Injury 

Crashes

Property-Damage-Only 

(PDO) Crashes

All Large Truck 

and Bus Crashes

2017 $60 Billion $62 Billion $29 Billion $151 Billion

2018 $61 Billion $65 Billion $33 Billion $158 Billion

2019 $62 Billion $68 Billion $34 Billion $163 Billion

2020 $60 Billion $58 Billion $25 Billion $143 Billion

*	“Van-based	bus”	was	listed	as	a	bus	type	for	the	first	time	in	2011.

Note:	A	bus	is	defined	here	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	including	the	driver.	

Data	Source:	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS).	

Notes:	A	large	truck	is	defined	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	rating	(GVWR)	greater	

than	10,000	pounds.	A	bus	is	defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	

including the driver. Costs may not sum to the totals due to rounding. Changes to past 

years	are	the	result	of	updating	for	inflation	and	changes	in	guidance	from	the	Office	of	the	

Secretary of Transportation on how to value fatalities and injuries. Estimates are based on 

fatal	crash	data	from	the	Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System	(FARS)	and	injury	crash	and	

property-damage-only	(PDO)	crash	data	from	Crash	Report	Sampling	System	(CRSS).

Data	Sources:	T.	Miller,	E.	Zaloshnja,	and	R.	Spicer,	Revised	Cost	of	Large	Truck	and	Bus	

Involved Crashes (2002), adjusted to current dollars, and a year 2020 value of a statistical 

life	(VSL);	National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	FARS,	and	CRSS.
46 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

Notes:	A	large	truck	is	defined	in	FARS	as	a	truck	with	a	gross	vehicle	weight	

rating	(GVWR)	greater	than	10,000	pounds.	A	large	truck	is	defined	in	MCMIS	as	a	

vehicle,	used,	or	maintained	primarily	for	carrying	property,	with	a	GVWR	or	gross	

combination	weight	rating	(GCWR)	of	more	than	10,000	pounds,	or	any	vehicle	

carrying hazardous materials that requires placarding, regardless of weight. A bus is 

defined	as	a	vehicle	with	seats	for	at	least	nine	people,	including	the	driver.	 	

Data	Sources:	T.	Miller,	E.	Zaloshnja,	and	R.	Spicer,	Revised	Cost	of	Large	Truck	

and Bus Involved Crashes (2002), adjusted to current dollars, and a year 2020 value 

of	a	statistical	life	(VSL);National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration	(NHTSA),	

FARS,	and	CRSS.

Number Category Percentage

4,299 Large	trucks	and	buses	matched	in	FARS	and	MCMIS 75.6%

64 Large trucks and buses that were partially matched in 

FARS	and	MCMIS

1.1%

662 Large	trucks	and	buses	in	FARS	and	not	in	MCMIS 11.6%

276 Large	trucks	and	buses	in	FARS	matched	to	large	trucks	

and buses in non-fatal crashes in MCMIS

4.9%

266 Large	trucks	and	buses	in	MCMIS	and	not	in	FARS 4.7%

117 Large trucks and buses in MCMIS matched to vehicles in 

FARS	that	were	not	large	trucks	or	buses

2.1%

5,684 Total large trucks and buses in fatal crashes in FARS, 

MCMIS, or both

100.0%

4-23 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and Motor 

Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) 

Matching for Large Trucks and Buses in Fatal Crashes, 

2020

 
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 47

5. data QuaLity

State Safety Data Quality (SSDQ) Methodology

FMCSA implemented the State Safety Data Quality (SSDQ) 

Methodology to evaluate the completeness, timeliness, 

accuracy, and consistency of State-reported data. The 

SSDQ evaluation uses a 12-month timeframe that ends 3 

months prior to the Motor Carrier Management Information 

System (MCMIS) snapshot for each measure, unless 

otherwise stated in the rating description. The methodology 

consists	of	nine	performance	measures	(five	crash	and	

four inspection measures) and one overriding performance 

indicator (see 5-1). The SSDQ methodology has changed 

over the years to represent higher thresholds of data quality. 

Since 2004, additional performance measures have been 

added related to the completeness of driver and vehicle 

information contained in crash and inspection reports.

The	SSDQ	evaluation	is	updated	monthly	to	reflect	

improvements in crash and inspection reporting. States 

receive an overall rating of “Good,” “Fair,” or “Poor” for 

each SSDQ measure and rating. FMCSA developed the 

color-coded SSDQ map (see 5-2) as a visual tool for States 

to use in improving crash and inspection data reported to 

FMCSA. The overall data quality rating for each State is 

based on the following criteria: 

• Good (green) for States with at least one good crash 

measure, one good inspection measure, and no poor 

measures.

• Fair (yellow) for States with no more than one poor 

measure.

• Poor (red) for States with two or more poor measures. 

States	flagged	red	in	Consistency	(the	overriding	

performance indictor shown in 5-1) are rated poor overall. 
48 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

5-1 State Safety Data Quality (SSDQ) Performance Measures

Data Source: FMCSA, Analysis & Information (A&I) Online, https://ai.fmcsa.dot.

gov/DataQuality.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 49

5-2 Overall State Safety Data Quality (SSDQ) Ratings,

June 2004 and December 2021

Note:	Ratings	depicted	on	this	map	are	overall	State	ratings.	Washington,	D.C.	is	

rated poor (red) in June 2004 and good (green) in December 2021. 

Data	Sources:	June	2004	Ratings:	FMCSA,	Analysis	&	Information	(A&I)	Online,	

State	Safety	Data	Quality	(SSDQ)	as	of	June	2004;	December	2021	Ratings:	

FMCSA, A&I Online, SSDQ as of December 2021. For most recent State ratings, 

refer to: https://ai.fmcsa.dot.gov/DataQuality/National.aspx. 

Overall SSDQ Ratings, June 2004

Overall SSDQ Ratings, December 2021
50 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

5-3 Annual Requests for Data Review (RDRs) in DataQs,

2017-2021

* The Drug & Alcohol Clearinghouse and Crash Preventability Determination 

Program began in 2020.

Data Source: FMCSA, DataQs, May 13, 2021 (based on submissions received in 

2020). 

DataQs is an online system that provides affected 

commercial motor carriers, commercial drivers, and others 

an opportunity to seek and obtain correction of information 

maintained and disseminated by FMCSA. Through the 

system, users can request and track a review of data 

issued by FMCSA; the system automatically forwards a 

Request	for	Data	Review	(RDR)	to	the	appropriate	office	for	

resolution and collects updates and responses for current 

RDRs.	

For more information on DataQs, please refer to:

https://dataqs.fmcsa.dot.gov.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 51

6. grant prograMs

FMCSA achieves its goal of preventing commercial motor 

vehicle (CMV)-related fatalities and injuries by working closely 

with a host of important safety partners through its grant 

programs. Safety partners include State and local government 

agencies,	non-profit	organizations,	universities	and	other	

organizations who support FMCSA’s national safety priorities. 

Activities conducted through FMCSA’s grant programs include 

conducting	high-visibility	traffic	enforcement	in	CMV	crash	

corridors, targeting high-risk motor carriers and CMV drivers 

for compliance investigations, implementing innovative safety 

information systems and CMV technologies at the roadside, 

strengthening CMV equipment and operating standards, 

implementing, and updating CMV safety training, and 

increasing public awareness of CMV safety challenges. 

In November 2021, Congress passed the Bipartisan 

Infrastructure Law, or BIL. This legislation is a once-in-ageneration investment in our infrastructure. It includes 

policies, investments, and partnerships that enable 

technologies, data systems, research, workforce 

development, and most importantly opportunities to directly 

impact the safety of people using our transportation systems. 

It contains over $3.2 billion in grant opportunities that FMCSA 

is sharing with our State partners to support transformative 

changes aimed at achieving the USDOT’s ambitious, longterm safety goal of zero fatalities on the Nation’s roadways.

In FY 2023 and the years to come, MCSAP lead agencies will 

be eligible for unprecedented funding to grow existing 

programs and develop new ones aimed at reducing CMVrelated crashes and fatalities. With these additional resources 

comes both an opportunity and obligation to ensure that 

FMCSA and its State are doing everything we can to improve 

the safety of commercial motor vehicles on our roadways and 

support the national transportation safety strategies that 

galvanize these critical efforts. 
52 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

6-1 FMCSA Grant Awards, Fiscal Year 2021

Grant Program Total Awards

MCSAP $304,069,500 

High Priority $45,210,333 

CDL Program Implementation $28,981,802 

CMVOST $2,000,000 

Total Grant Awards $380,261,635

Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program (MCSAP) Grant

MCSAP	is	a	Federal	formula	grant	program	that	provides	financial	assistance	to	

States,	including	the	District	of	Columbia,	the	Commonwealth	of	Puerto	Rico,	the	

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the 

U.S. Virgin Islands to reduce the number and severity of crashes and hazardous 

material	incidents	involving	commercial	motor	vehicles	(CMVs).	Specifically,	only	

the State lead agency (as designated by the Governor) is eligible to apply for 

MCSAP grant funding.

High Priority (HP) Grant

HP	is	a	Federal	competitive	grant	program	which	provides	financial	assistance	

to States, local governments, federally recognized Indian tribes, other political 

jurisdictions as necessary, and other persons to carry out high priority activities 

and projects that augment motor carrier safety activities and projects:

• To carry out activities and projects that augment motor carrier safety;

• To advance the technological capability and promote the deployment of 

intelligent transportation system applications for CMV operations, including 

CMV,	commercial	driver,	and	carrier-specific	information	systems/networks;	

and to support and maintain CMV information systems and networks.

Commercial Driver License (CDL) Program Implementation Grant

Eligible Applicants: The State agency designated as the primary driver licensing 

agency responsible for the development, implementation and maintenance 

of the CDL program or State agencies local governments, or other persons 

for	high	priority	activities	or	emerging	issues	as	identified	by	the	Secretary	of	

Transportation.

CMV Operator Safety Training (CMVOST) Grant

Eligible Applicants: State or local governments; accredited post-secondary 

educational institutions (public or private) including colleges, universities, 

vocational / technical schools and truck-driver training schools. Primary funding 

priority	is	given	to	regional	or	multi-State	educational	or	not-for-profit	associations	

that recruit and train current and former members of the United States Armed 

Forces	(including	National	Guard	members	and	Reservists)	and	their	spouses	to	

receive training to transition to the CMV operation industry.
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 53

7. agency resources

FMCSA Web site

https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov

Analysis & Information (A&I) Online

https://ai.fmcsa.dot.gov

Compliance, Safety, Accountability (CSA)

https://csa.fmcsa.dot.gov

DataQs

https://dataqs.fmcsa.dot.gov

FMCSA Grants and Financial Assistance

https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/mission/grants

FMCSA New Entrant Safety Assurance Program

https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/new-entrant-safety-assurance-program

FMCSA Portal

https://portal.fmcsa.dot.gov/login

Freight Analysis Framework (FAF)

https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/FREIGHT/freight_analysis/faf/index.htm

Innovative Technology Deployment (ITD) Program

https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/itd

Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS)

https://ask.fmcsa.dot.gov/app/mcmiscatalog/mcmishome

Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)

https://www.nhtsa.gov/FARS

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Highway Statistics Series

https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm

General Estimates System (GES)

https://www.nhtsa.gov/national-automotive-sampling-system-nass/nassgeneral-estimates-system

Crash Report Sampling System (CRSS)

https://www.nhtsa.gov/crash-data-systems/crash-report-sampling-system

Licensing & Insurance (L&I)

https://li-public.fmcsa.dot.gov
54 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics

gLossary and List of acronyMs

A&I Analysis & Information

ABS Antilock Braking System

BTS Bureau of Transportation Statistics

CDL Commercial Driver’s License

CDLPI Commercial Driver’s License Program Improvement

CMV Commercial Motor Vehicle (includes both large trucks and 

buses)

CMVOST Commercial Motor Vehicle Operator Safety Training

CRSS Crash	Report	Sampling	System

CSA Compliance, Safety, Accountability (CSA) is a major 

FMCSA safety measurement and reporting initiative. 

Designed to replace the SafeStat program, CSA was 

previously known as “Comprehensive Safety Analysis,” or 

more commonly “CSA 2010.” 

CVISN Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks

DataQs DataQs is an FMCSA system that allows users to request 

and track reviews of Federal and State data issued by 

FMCSA. The system automatically forwards a user’s 

Request	for	Data	Review	to	the	appropriate	office	for	

resolution and collects updates and responses for current 

requests.

Domicile Refers	to	the	headquarters	location	of	a	carrier.

EMIS Enforcement Management Information System

FAF Freight Analysis Framework

FARS Fatality	Analysis	Reporting	System

FAST Act Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act, 2015

FHWA Federal Highway Administration

FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

FMCSRs Federal	Motor	Carrier	Safety	Regulations

Form MCS-150 Motor	Carrier	Identification	Report	(Application	for	USDOT	

Number)

GES General Estimates System

GCWR Gross	Combination	Weight	Rating

GVWR Gross	Vehicle	Weight	Rating

HM Hazardous Materials
 2022 Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics 55

HMRs Hazardous	Materials	Regulations

HMSP Hazardous Materials Carrier with a Safety Permit

HOS Hours of Service

ITD Innovative Technology Deployment (formerly CVISN)

L&I Licensing & Insurance

MCMIS The Motor Carrier Management Information System 

(MCMIS) is an FMCSA system that contains crash, census, 

and	inspection	files	created	to	monitor	and	develop	safety	

standards for commercial motor vehicles operating in 

interstate commerce. 

MCSAP Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program

MMUCC Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria

NHTSA National	Highway	Traffic	Safety	Administration

OOS Out of Service

PDO Property Damage Only

PRISM Performance	and	Registration	Information	Systems	

Management

RDR Request	for	Data	Review

SaDIP State Safety Data Improvement Program

SBUCMVD Seat Belt Usage by Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers

SMS Safety Measurement System

SSDQ State Safety Data Quality

TSI Transportation Services Index

UCR Unified	Carrier	Registration

URS Unified	Registration	System

USDOT U.S. Department of Transportation

VIN Vehicle	Identification	Number

VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled

VSL Value of a Statistical Life
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