For sale Ithe Superintendent of llocuments Washington IL C Price 20 cents paper cover
C

REPOR

CHIEF CLERIC AND SUPERINTENDENT 

03RICE OF THE SOLICITOR

BUREAU OF AIR COMMERCE

The Federal airways system

Regrlintion of air commerce

1

Administration

Development

Altgort derelopment

of

and

yhtg

dissemnmtinu

egniVmm t

of

Appropriations information napersonnel and air

gatian facilities

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Introduction

on industries and

Sow census tract cities

preperatinn for regular ingnirles

Alphabetical card index

Conduct of age searches

Photographic equipment and record

preservation

Tabulation equipment

Economic review 

Reciprocal trade agreements progr

Proposed census of unemployme

Research data for busines

Functions of the Department of Co

Finances 

Emergency fund allotmen

Foreign and domestic commer

Air commerce 

Lighthouse Service 

Enforcing navigation and steamboa

Surveying and mappin

Fisheries 

National standard

Census 

Patents 

Merchant marine 

Foreign trade zones 

Liquidation of National Recovery A

Committee of Industrial Analys

Business Advisory Counc

Fishery Advisory Committee 

REPOR

CHIEF CLERIC AND SUPERINTENDENT 

03RICE OF THE SOLICITOR

BUREAU OF AIR COMMERCE

The Federal airways system

Regrlintion of air commerce

1

Administration

Development

Altgort derelopment

of

and

yhtg

dissemnmtinu

egniVmm t

of

Appropriations information napersonnel and air

gatian facilities

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Introduction

on industries and

Sow census tract cities

preperatinn for regular ingnirles

Alphabetical card index

Conduct of age searches

Photographic equipment and record

preservation

Tabulation equipment

International Expositions 

Dlvhton of Aentrnts 

Miscellaneous receipts 

Appointment Division 

Division of Publications 

Division of Purchases and Sales 

DeParinlent Library 

Tiamc office 

REPOR

CHIEF CLERIC AND SUPERINTENDENT 

03RICE OF THE SOLICITOR

BUREAU OF AIR COMMERCE

The Federal airways system

Regrlintion of air commerce

1

Administration

Development

Altgort derelopment

of

and

yhtg

dissemnmtinu

egniVmm t

of

Appropriations information napersonnel and air

gatian facilities

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Introduction

on industries and

Sow census tract cities

preperatinn for regular ingnirles

Alphabetical card index

Conduct of age searches

Photographic equipment and record

preservation

Tabulation equipment
IV CO

S ITONAL B1nt ur OF SIANU 6t

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1

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flan tempt rnIvClerl 1

1

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ree o special Wil lis rlieu Ir Inn Vhed 1

I1CSrrlp Of In vel 1tC Co111

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DoeCli

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mans 

W

1
TWENTYFOUR

SECRETARY 

To the CONGRESS OF rIIF UNITE

Through the Presideiit

The Secretary of Commerce 

fourth Annual Report covering 

ECONO

The marked improvement i

the 2 preceding fiscal c

193540 Ecorioniic recovery 

of activity in the durable good

the further rise ill farm incom

sons employed and the expati

ward recovery was especially 

fiscal year According to th

Federal Reserve Board thvo

1930 was the Highest with th

April 1930

Table no 1 is intended to s

the important economic units 

and to furnish comparative hi

to the World War Eae hof 

the fiscal tear as compared w

turing the iucr ase in volume 

percent The increases are lii

nieiit in cash income from fa

departinent store sales The 

presented was the 75 percent g

Prices

Fluctuations in the general 

fiscal year rere relativeh s

uo 1 showing a variation of 

period The average for the y

average and was more than 

depression The slight fluctu

were clue mainly to variation 

foals The Bureau of Labor 
VI REPORT OF THE SE

for July 1935 reached its maxim

in February it declined to a lo

781 in June 1936 The index o

it reached a maxinnun of 861fo

imum of 780 in May and close

The drought was primarily resp

weeks of the fiscal year The f

price index exclusive of farm 

little more than a single point t

and 790in February

TABLE No 1Indexe

t NOTE Basad on calendaryear average 1923 25 a

based on calendary

Year ended

June 30 and

month PrIndus lion trial an man ingpro factor tion duei market income ings Cah fromar Net milesto

earnefreighclass 

railroa

1920 89 91 

1921 74 73 

1922 74 75 

1923 98 98 

1924 98 97 

1925 99 N an 

1926 105 107 103 1

1927 109 108 97 i

1928 106 106 100 1

1929 118 118 102 1

1930 110 110 100 1

1931 87 86 M 

1932 70 69 50 

1933 67 66 42 

1934 83 82 63 

1935 82 80 60 

1036 96 96 67 

Months 1935

July36 86 86 at 

August 87 88 63 

September 90 91 64 

October 95 95 67 

November 97 98 67 

December 104 104 66 

January 98 97 68 

February 94 91 66 

March 93 93 67 

April 100 99 70 

May 101 100 73 

June 103 104 80 

I Monthly figures adjusted for seasonal variati

rental and benefit payments during the period su

2 indexes have been adjusted to conform with 

through 1931 as published by the Bureau of the C

Sources Industrial production manufacturing 

contracts awarded Board of Governors of the Fed

Considerable progress Must ye

production and consumption is 

that it per capita volullle equival

higher aggregate since the popul

the past 7 years The strength 

ment however during the past f

yet to be overcome have favora
REPORT OF TI3E 

immediate prospects of narro

adequate flow of goods and se

Industrial production

The significant features for 

put were 1 Substantial in

manufactured 2 further b

tion of nondurable goods indu

movement was not checked b

The December 1935 peak ind

duction index and subsequent 

were influenced to a considera

of now model introductions in 

difficult to make a proper se

Steel production which is 

the durable industries climbe

in June 1935 to 70 percent in 

12 percent under the 192829 

implements machinery electr

similar products all made ma

increases generally were made 

end of the year the volume o

only about onesixth below t

The Federal Reserve Boas

the manufacturing industries 

tion was nearly 50 percent hig

of the preceding fiscal year T

was up 8 percent The out

the 1929 collapse was divide

nondurable products At the 

of durable manufactures the 

had declined 78 percent from 

of nondurables had declined 

recovery of this fiscal year in 

and like products the balance 

1936 the production of dura

index of the Federal Reserv

percent and of nondurables to 

Expansion in manufacturin

decline in the available stoc

strengthen the existing u ice 

Domestic Commerce snudes 

an indication of the general 

192829 to 183 in the rear end

decline in the following year 

the past 2 years such Mocks 

rently the index is approxim

decline which started in 1929

Construction industry

Part of the improved dema

able to the improvement in bu

operations are still on a rest

1920 sin both the residentia
VIII REPORT OF TIE SE

with the preceding fiscal year 

actual operations and a cliange 

which are important in the longt

is particularly true of resident

generally was more favorable th

available in most areas on more 

tress properties coming on the m

upward and the percentage of v

These factors coupled with e

hancelnent of economic security 

tial construction The value of 

doubled during the fiscal year 

third of the volume in the era 

which followed the war

In the nonresidential field th

was a major cause of expanding 

in commercial and industrial b

perhaps as an indication of an utn

tude of the actual increase which 

utility concerns although larger 

relatively small However with 

record figures daring the year t

and distribution facilities is more 

The activities of the Federa

estate finance have been an impo

gage situation and the availabi

Particularly important in this 

the Iederal Housing Administr

velopment of sounder and less o

lending operations of the He ie 

had outstanding at the end of d

of mortgage loans which had bee

ers This refinancing has been o

more wholesome mortgage situat

The importance of the reviva

ture of economic improvement m

that in years of moderately high 

tion industry required on the con

men during a major part of th

workers were dependent upon co

meut in the fabrication manuf

struction materials and equilan

from the tremendous shrinkage 

depression has been extremely 

only partially alleviated by the 

up to the present

Agriculture

Conditions in agricultural ar

which closely corresponds to the 

cultural production were favora

agricultural harvest higher pri

Fwm report of F W Dodge Corporati
REPORT OF THE 

pandiug consumer income th

absence of excessive stocks 

proportions in the earlier year

The Department ofA

farm production in 1935 was 

59 percent larger than that fo

for agriculture The improve

36 fiscal year over the preced

of the increase in prices of fa

tion in 1935 was about 2 per

number of farm prices incre

1193 35 Crops were conside

was curtailed by the drought 

by smaller production of live

Estimates of gross and cas

flect the improvemtent in the e

cultural production expenses 

increased as rapidly as has 

available to the farm operator 

has reflected an even more fa

The 193 drought exercised 

marketings and prices during 

close of this period it was a

cause a marked reduction in t

the livestock industr This 

ence in the year under revie

upturn in the prices of farm 

period with the grains and 

promptly to unfavorable wea

Retail and industrial sales

Increased purchasing powe

factors contributing to the 

the fiscal year Those conce

areas enjoyed some of the wi

extent of the sales improveme

and Domestic Commerce in

dise This seasonally adjust

1933 192931 100 at the l

112 in June 1936 The June 

average for the calendar yea

pared with the corresponding 

of the four major geographic

in the far Western Staten a

region

The sales increase in farm a

trade expansion in urban cent

year the dollar vohu ie of all 

about 10 percent hier tha

preceding year In the cale

32600 0compared wit

dollars

While practicallc all major 

volume in sales ditring this 
x REPORT Or THE S

CR

ported in those lines where purc

the depression Sales of autom

cleaners washing machines an

ample rose sharply as consumer

ness and a greater ability to acq

quire a relatively large expenditu

a settlement on a deferred payme

The tendency for industrial sa

as important as the rise in sales 

roads purchased equipment on a 

in several years Sales of mach

working machinery electrical eq

electric industrial trucks and tra

demands incident to the expandi

Railroads

The improvement during the 

railroads was a noteworthy deve

this industry has been slow and 

able to increase their capital ou

during the recovery period coup

crease in operating revenues hav

to husband their resources Furt

levels will bring important show

In the final month of the fisca

Commerce Commission the easte

materially the basic passenger f

mile for coach travel and from 

with the Pullman surcharge elim

had been in operation in other 

eastern region where passenger tr

were loath to try the lower rates 

the new schedule of fares does n

probable results the increase in 

fares for even so short a period 

public sdesire to travel and the cs

here meet for the advantage of a

Foreign trade

Coincident with the expansio

there was a continuation of the i

in the last 3 years has brought 

to it level far above that in the lo

Anion the factors contributi

trade the following are worthy o

of economic conditions in a num

sulted in an increased demand 

2 the moderation of tariffs and 

Latin American countries which 

wares into those markets 3 t

threats of war which caused sc

chases of certain raw materials 

progress made in the extension 

program which has tended to s
J

RLPORT OF THL 

American producers in man

most every branch of our nati

have enjoyed larger opportuni

opened up through concession

with which trade agreements 

have been assured of stability 

increases in duties or other b

products to those countries

Amon contrary influences 

disciiniiiiatory tariffs of cer

quota embargoes exchange co

which in many instances here 

ceding years and in some indiv

our domestic suppl of certa

stilt of the drouglit in 1934 a

adversely our esports of the

several import countries n

exports to those markets

The improvement of domest

for ma raw niaterials La

power which accompanied im

in increased demand for ce

which we either do not produ

cient quantity to meet our 

supply and smaller production 

following the 1934 drought le

seeds vegetable oils and certa

Our total exports of merch

193536 which was 14 percent 

which amounted to 2121000 

however with the depression 

68 percent larger in value an

TABLE o 2Pmeig

low

d 211 

1930 4 G91 961f

Exports

Year ended June 30 and

3 OS3 3 U32

percentage change

rioiled 

1945 190 

Total States moo 

1 1413 

than

dice

1935 2121 2 015 

low 5343 d 211 

1930 4 G91 961f 

1931 3 OS3 3 U32 

1932 1945 190 

1933 1 1413 

1934 2042 2005 

1935 2121 2 015 

1936 2413 2373 

Percentage change

1936 from 1929 551 51 

1935 from 1933 675 i6Q0 

1936Irom 1935 I138 139 

1 Export indexes are based on domestic expo

1933 and Imports for consumption thereafte

v Estimated by fiscal year for calendar year 

Source Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Co
II REPORT OF THE SE

Since tile price level of expor

Tear the increase in value reflect

quantity of goods entering into 

the preceding year The impor

quantity index 19 percent in com

The gain in the aloe of expo

by crude foodstuffs and aemaur

larder shipments of crude mate

ports of crude materials increa

anti 15 percent in value chiefly b

cotton leaf tobacco and crude 

than in the preceding fiscal yea

increased 16 percent in bot11 q

automobiles and mineral oils sh

lute value among a twice range o

The increase in imports m as 

classes although two thirds of t

manufactures for further proce

for domestic industry All the 

manufactures class including w

and diamonds gained in quantity 

creases in value among leading 

class occurred in the imports 

hides and skills undressed furs 

Employment

Available data indicate that 

creased in all but 2 months of th

from

1

June 1935 to June 1936 th

500 0

h

in the estimated numb

stinurtes of the Department 

wort in Alay 1936 in nuuagrura 

31000 compared with 26300 

Ifay 1929 These figures sugges

private employment is still very 

tine shrinkage in employment s

w110 have enteral the labor mar

tune Not all of the individual

ures given above were without w

Of Labor reports that 3t mi

projects financed by Federal fu

Finance

Developments in the financia

part the forces of business reco

ernmental fiscal and monetary 

pression Gold continued to flo

raising the monetary gold stoc

serves of member banks of the 

level The excess of member b

also reached a new peal durim 

their excess reserves to increase 

increase was principally in hol

obligations but in contrast to of 
REPORT OF THE 

corporate securities and loan

substantial increases There 

during the year and the tota

was virtually as large as it h

deposits however continued 

money rates remained at low 

loanable funds seeking emp

volume of security issues fo

business for new loans notw

mands during the vear Th

issues could be HoaW cause

for refunding outstanding o

Stock prices as well as bo

year and the irides of 419 co

1926 average in June 193 t

which were numerous in th

fewer in number and involve

any corresponding period sin

were also the lowest in many 

Total loans and investmen

Reserve System increased 

fiscal year to 32259 000 

curred ill holding of securit

ment obligations which incre

was an increase in other l

obligations of approsiniate

is significant since in the two 

loans slid not show a ri t

in business activity At the 

of the total loans and invetul

or guaranteed obligations of 

Some increase in the amou

tions through publicly offere

the volume was still relative

large amount of refunding u

porate issue amounted to 480

in the preceding year and g

Less then 20 percent of last 

of new capital

While the refunding of int

had some efrect on corporate 

mainlyatto the gro

trial corporations matte the 

and public utililics dill 

161 corporation reported pro

thirds of the 19211 volume f

adjn teil wero iuore than 80 

about on a par with those of 

crr193243 earnings of the

twentieth of the 19faverage 

index are generally the large

From Standard Statistics mobr

AS repm ted by the Commercial mod 

Index compiled by Standard Statis
XIV ut POBT OF THE SEC

held the data afford some indi

porate earning power in the pa

accompanied by an increase in div

dend rate per share for 600 leadi

from about 43 in the latter half 

fiscal year 1933 advanced to 415 

with the trend distinctly upward

In the field of public finance 

penditures for relief and recove

Federal debt were the outstandin

eral revenues rose from 38 billio

41 billion dollars in the past ye

double the total for each of the 

expenditures rose from 74 billio

89 billion dollars in 1936 the dif

more than accounted for by th

certificates held by World War v

The several governmental cre

important part in the financial s

upon t hese agencies were not so g

the large volume of Federal fina

and recovery activities of the Go

ence upon the entire financial stru

policies cannot be separately a

ments in the situation which als

nection with the increase in the 

mind that in the past several ye

substantial volume of assets from 

may be expected

National income

The broad nature of the imp

during the vear was reflected in 

income with all major industries 

not computed by the Departme

calendar year 1935 the national 

increase of 46 billion dollars o

billion dollars or 34 percent o

half of the year 1936 the natio

rate of progress at the end of the 

the national income produced w

the calendar year 1936 The dro

appraised but since the national 

the price increases in certain fa

to be noted before the end of th

the reduction in the volume of 

ingsA 60billion dollar total for 

about onefourth less than in 

income is much less by reason o

It also appears probable that 

equal the amount of income pa

e From Moodys report
REPORT OF THE 

The difference which was a

duced to less than two thirds 

to which the disparity betwe

uteri has been narrowed if it 

present time is of paramoun

tvmg factor of strength in th

RECIPROCAL TRA

Several divisions of the B

uoerce which have been clos

agreements program since its 

Substantial contributions we

conclusion of nine additional 

bia Canada Honduras lie 

Guatemala France and Fin

possible future use in negotia

These services added impo

Foreign Tariffs Regional In

Statistics Contributions we

dustrial divisions of the B

Foreign Commerce Service w

and suggestions The distric

were increasingly identified w

ing various trade agreements 

ucts Cooperation of the De

ment of State which is in ch

tinuous as was that with th

United States Tariff Commis

These trade agreementtz c

covery of out foreign trade 

respondence with manufactu

the vear reflected both in vo

American business circie5 of 

nrograni in restoring channe

incited b official restrictions 

ments load been conchtdecl w

accounted for more than a thi

The various divisions dist

cers cooperating in this prog

foruurtiuu and facil ties availa

time improved organization 

made 105nible the redact ion o

to fhelr posts abroad of sever

Washington for special couns

PROPOSED CENS

Although approximately 60

tained gainful worl since lurc

is steadily diminishing the Fe

State and local agencies and 

whereby the unemployed ma
xvl REPORT OF THE SE

and their families The desira

tules to relieve unemployment a

who would be without work if 

drawn is recognized by all who 

It is essential to the proper so

specific information be gathered 

the experience of the unemploye

availability for absorption in 

senibling of reliable data in this 

tion of a policy to meet intellige

future Unemployment necessities

It is recommended that early 

portant subject both as to pres

checking of the data and tha

conclusions into effect be enacte

RESEARCH DA

The severity and duration of 

very clearly that in connection w

late recovery there is need for 

of our business structure If 

mate functioning of business und

ment we must have more factua

of government This informat

executives as a background for 

tices and policies

Agriculture has long been ser

Economics Labor has been ser

by the Bureau of Labor Statisti

unit in this Department would 

trade to enjoy the benefits of v

tainable If basic research can g

causes of sharp declines in busine

which will enable us to formulat

finally if small as well as large 

with this helpful research surely 

assistance to industry and to the 

Among the fields in which mor

are the construction industry st

price structures inventories cred

and price discrimination Other 

of marketing and wasteful coniv

essary to stress the value of this t

responsible for developing far 

policies

FUNCTIONS OF THE DE

Through its 10 bureaus of div

the Department of conuuerce h

regulatory and service function

emphasis has been placed one 

luunan life and property in the 
REPORT OF THE 

Encouraging progress in 

safety in the air through ae

tions of air traffic The Co

of the Department more be

at sea the welfare of the sea

ally previous Congress A la

has also been made through 

spection including coastal a

vention oil the highways and 

been carried forward under th

and cooperation Advaneeni

stantly imposing increased re

and the bureaus legally charg

and effectively adapted the

chalwiug conditions

With the marked expansi

year the duties of the Depar

of business and industry at h

emphasis These include the 

sistance to exporters and imp

ditions to best advantage A

facturers in increasing and i

production and distribution 

tional services on economic 

exchange and credits

Through specialized burea

servation and development o

with the fishery industry in e

Then the Departm ent prmoot

protection of patents and in

lation figures and man oth

utilized by the public busine

agencies The activities of 

vision of trained commercia

the world to the protection 

measurements from the con

dination of the work of stat

pilation of a census of religio

and protection of the seals 

merce has been correctly desc

ieui business It ma also b

Government that is the plac

for consultation and mutual 

For the regular expenditu

the fiscal Year ended Tune 30 

of 3V In addition 

ment during the Year from 

agencies in the total amoun

expenditures to 41AV 518 

totaled 0810 134 the net o

3647 808 for the previous 

101602ae2
XV111 REPORT OF THE SEC

EMERGENCY FU

Table no 3 shows all allotmen

the Department during 1934 193

incurred during the year The 

of these funds will be found disc

of this report pertaining to the b

TABLE No 3Allotments to the Dep

emergency relief and obligations incu

1936 inclusive

Improvement in business traad

ilnitecl States and abroad broug

Domestic Commerce a greater nu

services during the last fiscal yea

of the Bureau The demand on 

sion for salesinformation repo

instance increased 77 percent ove

1934 

i N IRA 78

Office of the Secretary 

Total 

Bureau of Air Conunerw 1205

80

Total 205

80

Bureau of the Census

Coast and Geodetic Survey 1 650

120 

Bureau of Fisheries 163

50

Total 635W 

Bureau of Lighthouses 156197

Total561

97

Bureau of Marine Inspection and Naviga

tion 1304

National Burin of Standards 10

0

Total 100 

194438

Grand total

Improvement in business traad

ilnitecl States and abroad broug

Domestic Commerce a greater nu

services during the last fiscal yea

of the Bureau The demand on 

sion for salesinformation repo

instance increased 77 percent ove

i N IRA 78

2 P W A 71

6

aF 1 It A 

Total 1

94

Allotted from Loans and relief in stricken agric

FOREIGN AND DO

Improvement in business traad

ilnitecl States and abroad broug

Domestic Commerce a greater nu

services during the last fiscal yea

of the Bureau The demand on 

sion for salesinformation repo

instance increased 77 percent ove
REPORT OF THE 

cal Division scorrespondenc

tions to its bulletins and 

Requests for information re

sion were approximately 30 

Picture Division soutput o

records and the volume of 

exceeded any previous figu

of reports prepared by the 

commercial laws has far exc

significant growth of intere

tion list to this Division sb

Other agencies of the Fec

extent called upon the Bure

has included studies in spe

the Agricultural Adjustmen

Industry Department of 

Corps the Federal Housing 

the Federal Reserve Board 

ties and Exchange Commiss

and the Corps of Engineers 

In addition to its close c

the Bureau continued its in

tions with manv trade assoc

tions and the Bureau sind

business within the United 

Slightly increased appro

it possible to strengthen som

merce Service of the Depart

at Caracas Venezuela and 

The facilities of the Divis

inadequate to meet the dem

the expansion in the volume 

and the intensified interest 

the reciprocal trade agreem

The Finance Division du

its annual study of the ba

currency and exchange de

made a more searching an

finance notably a comprehe

the United States and an a

actions from 1919 to 1935 

was the completion of the 

Much publicity to foreig

forms of action favoring na

business was given by the D

respondence relating to fore

and a definite evidence of t

in the Division strade adjus

trade practices detrimental 

American prestige abroad

The work of the Bureau s

standard during the past ye

the greatly increasing dema
xx REPORT OF THE SEC

result of the revival of interest i

ward trend in domestic business 

ing has become an increasingly i

work One of the features of th

retail salesreporting program in 

Research Division

The Marketin Research Divisio

ing the fields of manufacturing w

tion with special reference to ma

businessmen with currently collec

tistics general market data econ

formation on tradeassociation a

Construction Economics Section 

quests from the industry and reco

visory Council of the Department 

The Transportation Division in

communications systems covering 

phone telegraph cable arlcl radio 

and at the request of both the A

and the American Trucking Asso

was accorded to significant physi

foreign lands with respect to railw

The Bureau sConferences and 

of which include coordination o

Department of Commerce in the 

expositions and related projects w

ber of undertakings during the ye

was interested in and represente

conventions and meetings held in 

were meetings of scientific trade 

fields the Bureau of Foreign and 

interested and equipped to render 

AIR CO

The increase in living through 

navigating their craft entirely by 

has augmented the importance of 

Airways System and has pointed to 

and development must follow if t

with modern flying technique Ad

a manber of airway facility impro

During the year the Bureau had 

and range transmitter in operation 

mitter permits the broadcast of d

same time on a single frequency 

standing problem of interruption 

weather broadcasts Since tests 

demonstrated that the equipment 

installed at additional new station

Proceeding with its work on aid

low ceilings and poor visibility the 

a combination improved instrum

possible to undertake blind landin
REPORT OF TIIE 

oped to date as well as by a 

new method of instrument ap

feature of which is a straig

plane being transmitted to th

The Bureau continued exp

teletypewriter communication 

radio equipment such as the 

in radio signaling and micro

Other developments conce

deicing device for airplane 

aircraft engines Problems 

tions at high altitudes from 

particular emphasis on requ

safety of passengers and pilo

Test installations were ma

indicating the approach to 

when ceilings are lots but w

last stages of the landing op

nator developed by the Burea

areas when ground hazee inte

by landingarea floodlights

In regulation of air conmie

tion were strengthened by am

airport ceilings weather rep

of pilots hours of flying d

During the year nearly all 

manuals now required whic

the Bureau of Air Commerc

The increased volume of ra

routes has made neces iry a 

orderly progression of all c

congestion in the vicinity of 

the possibility of collision 

Bureau established airways 

Chicago Ill and Clevelan

entire responsibility for this 

lished later

For closer coordination a

problems in aircraft manuf

initiated the ArmNav Co

ments which now is eiiga

requirements and test metho

Toward the end of the y

up to elate all Air Commerc

be completed in the nest fisc

Continuing its work oil 

Bureau accepted delivery o

promise as aerial vehicles fo

plane first to be ordered in 

sfrated the possibility of con

a elyand easily floiin by th

autountt of training Th W

expectations in some respec
BXII REPORT OF THE SEC

experimental testing has been tes

mittee for Aeronautics with g

coupe demonstrated the possibil

in small airplanes An airplane 

and a roadable autogiro were un

year

Cooperating with the Works P

encouraged and assisted cities in 

ports in the W P A program 

recommended and approved by 

order to be acceptable to W P 

marking of towns with rooftop 

air promoting the establishmen

ment of air navigation aids on 

W P A projects

LIGHTHOU

Substantial progress has been m

atic improvement of aids to na

lightships not previously equippe

so equipped a program which w

the calendar year The synchro

signals for distance finding purpos

suitably located stations Follow

officers of the United States and C

identical principles of radiobeac

both such principles now being c

waters Additional operating pe

all radiobeacon stations and th

characteristics and distancefindi

frequency assignments has also 

possibilities of interference betwe

Important progress has been 

radiobeacon equipment of light

beacon equipment is developing so 

requirements of performance are f

ratus constructed only a few year

In order that transmissions from 

high degree of reliability as respe

ule and power attention has been 

ing stations which make daily ch

beacon stations The radio beaco

the establishment of 8 new statio

operation to 116

The extension of radiotelepho

brought about improved adminis

sense of security among personne

A systematic revision of the ch

is being made in order to give the

tion comparable with the shape 

intended to undertake during th

provement of secondary fog signa

internal combustion engines to re

are now available for such signal
REPORT OF THE 

During the year just closed 

with funds allotted from the 

covery Act in the amount of

Administration in the amoun

plelcd Only funds from ei

remaining available are for th

tofore undertaken and nearin

The total number of aids 

house Service at the close of 

221 over the previous year 

are small buoys and minor 

change is the increase in th

2440 in 1935 and 2697 in 19

The rapid and comprehen

channels of the Mississippi 

given to the means for estab

to navigation There is the 

house tender equipment of 

mobile vessels Funds are av

vessel which will be used in 

of this vessel will be carefu

the rapidity with which othe

The rapid increase in the n

of the United States require

be facilitated by aids to navig

projects involved will not be 

extensive interior waterway 

upon the facilities and funds 

ever require a moderate incre

for the service

Careful regard to the we

been the policy of the Servic

legislation and progress in th

increase in the personnel of 

both administrative and hum

owing to the special conditio

larly affected by statutory req

absence etc requiring in s

others additional vessels in o

be effectively performed C

those on wave swept sites s

for humanitarian reasons

The Lighthouse Service is 

of the Federal Government 

of about 5000 being located 

is believed to be wise and nec

trative action but requires fo

with field conditions by admi

nnderst andinr of administra

sponsible field officers Such 

aaoted by the more frequent i

and headquarters in Washin

tated by a consolidation of th

classes of employees are pai
xxiv REPORT of rHG SEC

priations Salaries Bureau of L

house Service is recommended n

portion of the combined amoun

District of Columbia

ENPORCING NAVIGATION AND 

The work of the Bureau of Ma

lwrn greatly extended to aecomp

ships up to tine highest safety s

icas secured this year 21 acts aff

ing been passed by the last Congr

The new Technical Division t

year sreport has continued to fu

tors of seagoing passenger vesse

concluded anti as it result of th

tors it great many improvements 

of operating vessels while other v

the new safety standard were re

surance may now be given that al

under the American flag are co

standard

As it result of recurring casual

ous cargoes in bulls a new set of 

Board of Supervising Inspectors 

struction of tank vessels

The loadline requirements ha

gross tons or over when engage

seat Lakes At the annual me

Inspectors held January 15 193

oral rules and regulations were 

tire contained in the fiftythird s

remilations dated February 25 

The position of the Bureau in 

requiring the highest safety stan

retch sta engthened by legislative 

The 1929 Safety of Life at Sea 

Au act of much importance 

Seventy fourth Congress whic

naune of the unit froze Bureau o

tion to Bureau of Marine Inspe

certain changes in its organizati

Casualty Board clothed with ple

investigations of marine casualtie

The existim laws relating to 

Pnbhc Law No 808 looking tow

with regard to both the operator 

With the large increase in the 

ing on the navigable waters of th

P1 reau spatrol fleet has been gre

oracle to educate tine motorboat

safety to the end that casualties 

substantially reduced The ren
REPORT or Txla 

the requirements of the Anti

now nearing completion

The record of casualties oc

past year is most gratifying 

passeng lost incident to th

While the attention given 

by the last Congress promise

public most of the new haws 

and the necessary rules and 

the next fiscal rear

SURVEY

The United States Coast 

vices to marine and other a

public for 120 rears These 

importance and wit

development of means of tra

essential nature is evidenced 

Bureau sservices has contin

conditions experienced during 

The principal function of 

and aeronautical charts and 

guard and expedite navigat

States and possessions and 

coastal hycltotCraphic and to

veys title and current obs

while valuable for many othe

tial parts of this function 

of the control surveys which 

necessary part of its chartin

data requited for aeronautic

other engnreering projects 

H also conducts certain seism

information which can be us

There are two phases to the 

First the provision of adequa

appropriate to the needs of 

of the acc urac vof tile ch

instead of an aid to uaviga

information Coll cerniut the 

place br practically all charte

tion to the chart affected a

of revised editions of the ch

must be carried on from n

charts are to serve their purp

The Bureau was not able to 

aucl related products becaus

n ai k early in the year exha

able and the continnalion of 

which has been in effect for 

Bureau to operate on a restr

able however were used to 

most urgent operations in th
XXVI REPORT OF THE SEC

Radical innovations in method

lutionized surveying operations d

by the development of several n

equipment all enabling the Bure

much more comprehensive inform

tion which a few years ago co

prohibitive cost if at all Coo

agencies was continued and exten

Much encouragement is derive

granting an increase in the annu

Geodetic Survey for the fiscal ye

relief for the conditions existing 

hoped that remaining deficiencies 

Concerning the operations of 

which were exhausted early in t

year passed without the provisio

processing of this work The un

whereby the results of a considera

cannot be made available for lack 

especially true since there is im

number of purposes

FISH

Conditions in the commercial 

timistic outlook during the past 

recent year Available statistics f

of good yields of fishery product

prices for many varieties of prod

levels Records of vessel landing

indicate that average prices at th

portant species have advanced fro

the preceding fiscal year Avera

ports Increased about 13 percent 

also an upward trend in prices of 

During the past fiscal year a st

directed to continue their studies 

problem of maintaining salmon 

the construction of the Bonnevi

work at Bonneville was largely 

temporary structures to enable th

ing its construction period and t

or more cycles of salmon runs W

structures to accomplish this pre

to permanent installations our s

theless to obtain much valuable in

of permanent structures

A treaty between the United 

sockeye sahnon of the Frazier 

States on June 15 1936 As cert

the United States since the treats

dian Government it must be ra

Government The reservations m

to Canada
REPORT OF THE 

An act to make the Multila

Whaling effective was appro

The administration of this 

the Secretary of the Treasury 

During the year the Burea

from Federal hatcheries Ov

commercial species such as co

However there was also an i

ticularly in the larger sizes o

distributed 157 000 as com

Except for the fishcultura

the Great Smoky National Pa

the stations authorized for t

program have been establis

authorized by the 5 year pro

made available However 

the development of all existin

with the establishment of new 

NATIO

The facilities of the Nat

utilized more and more exten

mentFederal State and lo

the Federal Government de

supplies which it purchases 

requirements of its specifica

tralized laboratory is efficien

nianyfold in materials of a

tions under which these pur

and strengthened in the ligh

to better goods at no increase 

The Bureau sservices are 

the Federal but also to State 

to an ever increasing ex

specifications having nationa

The Bureau does not eng

except in cases where such s

Bureau are not available els

involving comparison with 

During the past year the s

firms and individuals for th

the greatest in the history 

unmistakable terms the incre

the use of measuring instrum

with the official standards 

accuracy eliminating disput

Interest in commercial s

action of producers distribu

of the Bureau is steadily 

mutually satisfactory basis 

modity The Bureau ssimp

of various lines of commo

varieties of goods manufactu
xxvill REPORT OF TIIE 6EC

The Bureau urgently needs a

tions tooking to broader and mo

and the development of better pr

Only through laboratory resear

for the development of better st

it possible for the Burean to s

countless inquiries it is called 

involving fundamental research 

Nation swhole industrial develo

importance in recovery from de

in physics and chemistry like b

become necessary for the furth

Nation and deserve its generous 

The Bureau is carefully plann

scientific problems requiring rese

of funds necessary for accomplish

consideration play be given to ea

a whole

CE

The compilation of nation wide 

is essential to any proper understa

a continuously pros rous society 

biennial Census of finufiictiires 

together with the 1936 Census of 

terly and annual reports our a w

modities give a more complete p

ties than has been obtained here

has ivade every effort to provide 

cer ning the ebb and flow of econ

variety of factors have made it im

simhirly the more recent trends 

The 193 5 Census of Business 

and most inclusive inventory of 

taken It covers all establishme

service businesses amusement en

cies banking insurance real es

warehousing construction and d

through primary channels Thi

funds allotted by the Sj orks Pr

mately 1500 persons arc employed 

adelphia Pa and a maximum for

employed in the field canvass

An increase of 31 percent in r

was shown by the preliminay st

Summary on W61 Distribution f

Increasing demands of industry 

data secured in the biennia Cens

pansion of detailed data collected 

and sixty special industrial sched

production details Employment 

also be sonimbat broader in scope 

The conducting of age searches 
1t14YOR of THIi 

rapidly expanding service of 

of persons over 65 years of ag

age or date of birth yet pro

administration of pension le

has provided age information 

earlier censuses particularly 

the individual applicants da

these searches the Bureau is 

ated in the census of 1900 w

ton office after its completio

oject employing approxima

LnIo

The accurate and rapid ta

contained on censu schedule

mechanical tabulation equip

in the development of such e

type of addin tabulator has 

the Federaltovernment lar

of commercial equipment T

this development and recom

the immediate construction o

to handle the work of the ne

The reorganization of the D

and Cities is now in process 

curate comparable informat

mental units V much neede

result fronn the reeouuneuch

Bureau of the Census and its 

Indexes of incloslrial imp

are reflected in the activitie

fiscal year The salient ev

larger financial receipts all 

for mechanical patents lein

a gain in the nmuber of dee

sales of printed copies of 

records etc

The total of applications f

and prints and label filed 

in anv like period since 1932 

n 193536 exceeded the areg

Office Phis fact is improt1c 

form of protection by the m

descriptions Application 

6127 compared with 5069 i

of trade marks in 1936 we

precious Tear

hor the first time in 3 T

ceeded receipt V deficit o

ing the fact that receipt exc

uary 1935 an increase in sal
Xxx REPORT OF THE SEC

who had served from 3 to 6 yea

increase for the full fiscal year 

more than the deficit incurred in 

riod from 1923 to 1933 the ann

to 827 342 The deficit in 1936 

of the receiptsis disappointin 

definitely a reduction in the amo

the law from applicants for pate

There was a slight recession o

divisions of the Office in 1935 36 

4 months and 17 were within 2 mo

Division is operating within less 

The work of all of the clerical di

patent applications awaiting act

Final disposition was made of 69

issuance as patents or their aband

close of the fiscal year 104 095 

fewer than on June 30 1935

The classification of many tho

for many years is now in progress 

10 classes comprising 39734 paten

revised and the revision of group

ing 10068 original patents was co

gaged in the revision of 17 classe

patents

Improvements in the Rules of 

inventors and industry as well 

achieved by the changes effected 

pendency of motions and procee

122 At the end of the latesi fisca

were awaiting hearing This fig

former practice when the interv

filing of motions and the hearin

and often as much as 12 Motio

within 60 days after the last clay 

ference cases suspended for cons

ings is now less than 350 compar

the previous practice

MERCHAN

During the fiscal year 1936 the 

the administration of the function

acts with respect to the regulation 

merchant marine The Bureau sr

intensively exercised and depart

fiscal year and based on investigatio

been of far reaching importance to 

industry

The Bureau has cooperated full

Committee on Commerce and the 

Committee of the House of Repre

lation providing for the promotion 
REPORT OF THE 

merchant marine Much res

sultant material placed at th

engaged in the preparation 

1936 the President signed the 

a long period of discussion c

provisions of the act will go 

well balanced American merc

tense competition existing o

same time will safeguard as f

in the construction and ope

service

The repayment of constru

and the payment of interest th

ing the fiscal year The vo

more than 184 million dolla

to sum up the service of the

Shipping Board Bureau has 

partment of Commerce On 

amounted to approximately 0

had been reduced to 1028 0

most of the loans were to 

ing this same period the st

greatly improved On Augu

in the payments due under 

Although 2 small companies 

of the 13 companies in default 

a seventh has reduced its ar

other companies are in muc

resorted to receivership

Consistent with these acco

tion in the Shipping Board B

expenditures which have bee

approximately onethird of t

the former Shipping Board

During the fiscal year 193

ment 1935was entered into 

with managing agents of Gov

replacing Operating Agreeme

under the terms of which the 

direct supervision of the activ

the actual operation of the lin

is allowed a fixed amount for 

gross revenue and a percenta

believed that the new agree

economy of operation of the 

The Government owned ter

Hoboken Philadelphia and 

and acbiiniistration of the Bu

Charleston terminal remained 

until June 16 1936 on which 

to the city of Charleston pu

Congress approved May 27 1
xxxIl REPORT OF TI3E SE

A reorganization of the var

Bureatt and the Merchant Fleet 

ear resulting in a more logica

efficient administration of functio

tate the transfer of Bureau activ

Commission as required under the 

the creation of the United States 

and the Merchant Fleet Corpora

tions of these two organizations 

jurisdiction and transferred to th

In compliance with the injunct

his message to Congress of Marc

were granted and but two applic

ing the fiscal year

liquidatiou of the Governme

continued three vessels having be

In addition 40 vessels of a total 

sold for dismantling and scrapp

While the pendency of import

restrictive effect on efforts to act 

an merchant marine the Burea

vurions ocean trade routes with 

essential data which will be nee

by the United States Maritime 

standardization of ship design ha

the Bureau has continued to dev

dint are suitable for tarious ton

naval auxiliary service during it 

tions and design for a propose

tiring the fiscal year

It would appear that the mode

confronting the American merch

awaited solution by the shipping 

year 1936 This problem has bee

the fact that in 5 years more th

operating in the foreign trade w

efficient operation In fact thos

shipbuilding program were built 

old and were therefore more or le

time of their launching It is 

and inefficient tonnage to mainta

the modern and highly efficient s

It is confidently expected that 

mission will take steps to put in 

promotion and development of th

have been formulated by the Shi

of vears but which have necessar

time as legislation such as the M

enacted It is gratifying that th

Bureau has been so active in the 

as the formulation of constructive 

about the creation of a competitiv

to the commercial fleets of the ot






REPORT OF THE SE

of the fewoccasions on which a 

sentatives of the fishery industr

Since the Fishery Advisory C

which all branches of fisheries a

the entire industry it is to be e

conditions in the industry will c

The names of the members 

follow

irm

irm

ss 

J C 

Sincerely yours

REPORT B

CHIEF CLERK AN

Work throughout the various 

was never heavier than during 

demands were bevond our capa

assistance had to be obtained fro

Overtime work performed by em

during the year amounted to 10

INTERNATION

California Pacift Internation

ing authorized Federal represe

tion reopened from February 12 

the Department of Commerce 

exhibits from the Office of the S

Except for the removal of th

the Census and the installation 

entire Department the exhibits 

tioned and left intact

T Centennial E positio

tennial celebrations being held 

Texa ha6ug been provided fo

retary and all bureaus of this 

the texas Centennial Central 

at Dallas for a period of approx

The Secretary of Commerce 

the Secretaries of State and uri

Connrrission was designated by 

the opening of the exposition

Great LaltasErpo itionThe 

field of international exposition

tive during the latter part of 

Exposition held at Cleveland 

this vear

Upon his reque tthe Secr

personal representative of the 

address at the opening

DIVISION 

The following table shows th

for the various bureaus of the 

June 30 1936
REPORT OF THE 

Bureau Or office

Annual ap

propriation aCCS De

ciemesu

Office of the Secretary 900 0 2

0

Sale of stores cond

Bureau of Air Commerce 5909 80 30

Bureau of Foreign and Do

Violation air tragic regulation

Reimbursement of expenses 

mestic Commerce 2705 10 7

9

Bureau of the Census 2934 000 

Bureau of Marine Inspec

Sale ofequip

tion and Navigation 1598 000 

National Bureau of Stand

ards 1802 50 

Bureau of Lighthouses 9431 000 30

Coast and Geod neSurvey 2360 90 

Bureau of Fichenes 1419 200 0

PatentORCe 4715 000 

U S Shipping Board

Bureau 211 000 

Total 33 981 500 90

Disbursements during the y

priations and from funds trans

follows

Bureau or office latio

mimecov

nmercC

Office

Bureau

of the

of

Secretary

Foreign and Domestic

959 118 

Bureau

Commerce

of the Census

Bureau of Marine Inspection and

1806 

Navigation 106

2

Patent

Coast and

OBrce

Geodetic Survey

1 659414 

National Bureau of Standards 8

256

Bureau

Bureau

of

of

Lighthouses

Fisheries

736292

5763

Bureau of Air Commerce 64722 

Federal Employment Stabilization

Office 

U S Shipping Board Bureau 

Total 4146 2521

MISCELLA

Office of the Secretary

Copying fees 

Sale of waste pape

Sale of publicatio

Sale of stores cond

All other services 

Bureau of Air Commerce

Interest on deferred collections 

Violation air tragic regulation

Reimbursement of expenses 

Reimbursement Government p

Reimbursement for transporta

Sale of scrap and salvaged ma

Stile of stores condemned 

Profits from business operation

Sale of buildings exclusive of 

Sale ofequip
CHIEF CLER

Bureau of Foreign and Domestic 

Interest on public de

Fees under China Trade Act 

Sale of photo dupl

Sale of publications 

Sale of equipment 

Bureau of the Census

Copying fees 

Reimbursement

Work

of expenses

Bureau of Marine Inspection and 

Reimbursement Government 

Sale of publications 

Sale of scrap and salvaged m

Sale of equipment 

Telephone and telegraph serv

Tonnage tax 

Tonnage tax Philippine Islan

eral Feb 6 1931 A18469 

Fines and penalties 

Fees 

Forfeitures all other than b

National Bureau of Standards

Testing fees 

Reimbursement excess cost 

Reimbursement Government 

Bureau of Lighthouses

Commissions on telephone p

outside of 11as 1ington 

Refund on empty containers 

Reimbursement excess cost 

Reimbursement of expenses 

Reimbursement Government 

Reimbursement for transpo

Reimbursement all other 

Moneys received from person

Sale of publications 

Sale of scrap and salvaged m

Telephone

Sale of stores

and telegraph

con

ser

Work dune 

Rent of public buildings and 

Business concession 

Permits fishing and hunting 

Pipeline water rights 

Sale of buildings exclusive o

Sale of equipment 

Sale it land and building 

Coast and Geodetic Survey

Copying fees 

Reimbursement Government 

Sale of charts 

Sale of maps 

Sale of publications 

Workdone

Business concessions 

Sale of equipment 

Bureau of Fisheries

Reimbursement excess cost o

Saleof tUrc 

Sale of sealskins 

Sale of fox skins 

Sale of scrap and salvaged m

Telephone and telegraph se

Rent of land 

Sale of equipment 
4 REPORT OF THE SEC

Patent Office

Fees 1935 

U S

Fees

Sbipping

1936

Board Bureau

Interest

Interest on

On

deferred

money lanced

cotlections

from

or

co

Fm9oufib compensation deductions 

Miscellaneous Gasoline tax 

Total Department of Commerce 

APPOINTME

At the close of the fiscal year 1

from emergency funds the perso

15533 13825 permanent and 17

4912 were employed in the Distr

field The total personnel as of 

persons paid from emergency fun

reau of the Census engaged on the 

was 14680 13275 permanent and 

ber 4189 were employed in the D

the field

The number of employees ret

under the Civil Service Retirem

are 28 on account of disability an

the Lighthouse retirement system 

on account of disability A tota

been retired tinder applicable stat

DIVISION OF 

The following statement gives 

the amounts available to the Dep

The amounts expended and the m

Services other than the Patent Office

Amount available 

EP61uhtnres 

The act

reason

F

exact figures for 1936 cannot be given 
CHIEF CLERK 

Receipts from sales of the 

year 1935 qhe latest period 

were 557 114 47compared w

table presents a comparison f

Sales

By the Superintendent of Documents Misce

By Coast and Geodetic Surrey Coast Pilot

current tables charts and anwav maps 

BY Patent office specifications of patents r

and decision leaflet of official Gazette and 

mtions 

Total 

DIVISION OF 

During the fiscal year 1

orders which including fr

accounts involved the expen

show a decrease in orders of 37

under the fiscal year 1935 

tailment of National Recov

1936 and their cessation o

There were 682 contracts 

to this office for examination 

proval by the various field 

to the above there were 22 fo

prepared by this division m

and prepared involving a to

Through the cooperation 

Treasury Department there 

exchange of funds surplu

approximately 36000

The Department also rece

and office equipment from t

a part of which was used b

damaged equipment

Transfers of approximate

and Geodetic Survec were m

Approximately 2000 repo

been received from the Proc

ports require the canvassing 

ment the tabulation of their 

ment Division This office 

Procurement Division all un

value

DEPAR

At the close of the fiscal y

was 223 09 and periodicals 

books cataloged was 7156 c
6 REPORT OF THE SEC

her of books circulated 59150 

transfers from the Library of 

books borrowed from the Libra

1712 books loaned to other libra

TRAFFI

The traffic work of the Departm

arrangement having proved very 

The past fiscal year has been 

portation problems emergency c

duction of passenger fares and 

and bus under Federal regulati

and set up new ones with many 

stantially increasing the volume o

The office has finished and ha

transportation records and freigh

Administration
OFFICE OF 

a

During the fiscal year ended 

opinions rendered and the follo

approved redrafted or mod

411 24 together with 68 contra

leases 1amounting to 224 666 78

038 600 61 revocable license

contract bonds amounting to95

formance bonds and 70 officia

addition this office handled 126 

Fleet Corporation and rendere

Board Bureau and Fleet Corpo

At the beginning of the fisca

71105 496 83in litigation61 n

added and 186 cases involving

the end of the fiscal year 1936 t

to 352 involving65208120

The litigation handled invol

out of the activities of the Fle

Bureau although there were o

rnents of the government The

involving 6093 949M4 pendin

late there were 41 cases involv

departments of tho Governmen

786 933 86involving outside pr

over which this office exercis

handled antler the supervision a

tice but active assistance was r

stances the cases were prepared 

this office briefs and other plead

likewise handled

Many miscellaneous matter 

tive law and procedure were 

called upon to confer ryith rep

and render informal advice for 

this connection manv oral and in

Legislative matters handled i

of bills and preparation of repo

BUREAU O

The organization of the 

during the year It is comp

Navigation Division and th

smaller sections Administr

ports Marking and Mapping 

of the fiscal year certain proj

craft instrmnent and radio h

altitncle flying were transferr

to the Development Section 

decentralized to an even gre

permitted to 14 field offices

THE FEDERA

Radio develop wntThe in

the airway routes with pilo

over the tops of cloud levels 

and radio has augmented the 

has pointed to the course wh

should take

About a year ago there w

Radio Technical Couunittee 

from the following organiza

tional Bureau of Standard

Guard Federal Communicat

Inc airline operators and r

This committee was forme

radio development and alloca

studv and the accompli huuv

of meetings have been held 

various subcommittees

A new principle was intro

and broadcast service at Ne

nati and Buffalo At these 

ports is accomplished with a 

of 230 kilocycles while the ra

out interruption on a separat

it possible for a pilot to recei

signals or weather informatio

of radio range beacon interru

The Bureau installed at I

approach sv teni which incorp

developed by the National B

range localizes for orientatio

the marker features of the A
10 REPORT Or THE SEC

lights leading up to the actuall lan

system it is possible to practice bl

developed up to date as well as by 

An entirely new method of inst

is being evolved by Bureau of 

liminary tests have been conduct

of this is that the glide path is a 

the indicating instrument on bo

information necessary for contact 

malting it unnecessary to coordin

ments as is necessary with all oth

The Bureau continued experime

teletypewriter communication an

point where this type of servic

installation

Covn nunica biavn 4Connnencin

Air Commerce began maintainin

cycles for the particular benefit 

at all Bureau radio stations exce

have airport radio stations At s

is required to maintain the contin

Mid cellaneous developmen

rnent for airplane wings and tail 

general application to transport 

problem of preventing ice fonna

formation from propellers and 

During the past year the Bur

fully a tieicing device for applic

a stinger ring which distribu

blades while the aircraft is in fl

adopted as standard equipment 

A new carburetor developed b

cessfully insofar as ice preventi

tested to determine its efficienc

nnixture control are concerned 

conventional type carburetor a d

tion of heat which would preven

seriously affecting tine engine pe

suggestions were provided for ca

Recent developments in instr

ground either in or above the cl

about a realization that the ne

independent of surface weather 

considerably higher altitudes than 

to determine the practicable req

altitudes of 20000 to 30000 feet 

requireunenta for the physical co

pilots realizing that the mechan

craft at such altitudes are rel

Certain infornation acquired to 

development and placing on th

suitable for carrying on board th
BUREAU OF 

In connection with the develop

there is an intermediate conditio

and visibilities for landing in ac

and a totally blind or zerozer

visual aid could very readily c

hazardous maneuver to it relativ

such type of aid is a string of a

by pilots at low altitudes and fo

adjunct to this a string of relat

ing surface along the path of 

complement The Bureau has 

of different types of lights to be 

flush type lights on the landing 

ance of the airplane within the a

Another problem in connectio

fact that high powered floodlig

ground surface for the approa

illumination of the ground und

worked out a type of runway 

small floodlight whose cutois 

which illuminates a relatively s

oioe of airicaysA compi

the airways ssteal at the beginn

Item 

Airey mileage

Lighte d

Day funhchted 

lighted routes on dayahstatus lights n

Sew mule under cons uction 

Intermediate landing fields 

Beacon hghts to operation 

Radio communiortrons surtams 

Radio range heacons 

Radio marker beacon 

Teletypen ritermrcults 

t Some fatal details of construction till are un

Cities routes

REGULATION 

Air lipsAIininuun safety 

set forth in the fir Commerce 

Operation of Iuterlate Air Lin

stren b1 a series of ame

The amendments have to do 

flying qualifications of pilots 

instrnuleut fiving

During the year nearly all o

untlu al hick have been revi

Included in these manual are m

approaches to airports

Iu addition to previous dutie

the Air Regulation Division w

proposed changes in and addit

101e02 3ei4
12 REPORT OF THE S

Federal airways system In 

mulated which provides for 

field after conference with tho

including air lines and other 

these recommendations to Wa

Airways tragc controlThe 

strument flying alone the air

a system of traffic control to pr

moving along the airways to 

terminal airports and to gua

The Bureau of Air Commerc

established three airways traff

Chicago Ill and Cleveland O

entire responsibility for this w

for Pittsburgh Pa Detroit M

Calif and Los Angeles Calif

An airways traffic control st

arrival reports on all airplanes 

at the airport upon which it 

by the air line dispatchers Bu

typewriter stations and the air

contact with the pilots Kee

ments of all airplanes airway

of any congestion During p

are operating on instruments an

varying altitudes of flight to ai

in close proximity to each oth

orders for certain airplanes to 

or land at alternate airports

Aiwawrthiness of airplanes a

coordination and to permit m

the technical problems of the 

turing Inspection Service initia

zation known as the ArNaCom

Requirements Its membershi

officers of the Army Air Cor

Department and this Bureau

A preliminary draft of the 

been issued It is an 84page 

Used in Aircraft Constructio

The present airworthiness re

in detail and decisions reache

modification at present The a

is in process The special req

suitable form for publication b

complete redrafting of all reg

Bureau

Accident iuvestigatimvDu

statements of probable cause 

accidents in miscellaneous flyi

held for four airline accident
BUREAU O

DfedicalTests were made 

National Bureau of Standards 

human body These tests wi

regarding effect of fatigue upo

hours under all conditions the 

pilots and passengers of aircr

of aircraft to their comfort and 

Publication of regulations 

time to time since the organiz

Commerce Regulations and su

airworthiness of aircraft flyin

craft parachutes air lines air

sories airworthiness of engine

repairs to licensed aircraft 

Regulation Division undertoo

drafting all of these regulation

State coordinatorDuring 

ordinator was created to provid

various State aviation bodies 

interpretation and enforcemen

Foreign agreementsActive 

maintenance of foreign agree

of airworthiness certificates ha

War negotiations with Austr

licensing of American built a

completion

DEVELOPMENT O

AireraftDnring the past 

delivery for the I3ureau on the 

man tailless airplane the We

Wright coupe

The Hanvnond airplane the 

opment program has exceeded 

possibility of constructing airpl

by the average individual wit

This airplane has been taken o

of individuals who had not pr

The Waterman tailless airplan

respects As a result of the Bus

ments both airplanes are bei

available to the general public 

chased for experimental testi

Advisory Committee for aeron

been of value The Curtiss r

bility of using allmetal constr

ing good performance

A roadable autogiro was con

ica and subjected to tests by 

that the readable feature was 

Nvas not sufficiently developed 

Bureau As a result of a Burea
14 REPORT OF THE S

engined transport airplane a 

now being developed for the 

one

Engines and equipmentA 

aircooled engines when insta

applied to the Waterman airpla

bility of using a V belt drive fo

to airplanes was demonstrated 

investigated and found to be e

Additional orders placed du

investigation of the Canard ty

barrel type two cycle engine th

gear for installation on a num

and a wind tunnel investigatio

the noise created by propellers

AIRPORT 

Airport eoymstruetion and de

municipalities applying as spo

istration for Federal funds wit

airports with engineering adv

airports The 1i P A has u

under construction 405 airport 

terminals involving Federal vx

ommeudation and approval of 

Section of the Bureau of Air C

for each individual project befo

Air markingThe Bureau 

marking of towns for which W 

ing the past 3 months 27 States 

towns in their territories and 

construction

Scaplan efacilities The Bur

in promoting the establishme

throughout lie Initcd States a

subject to municipalities desirin

LPnvigational aids Engineers 

ping Section have been occupie

of air navigation aids with 11T 

the regularly appropriated fun

in connection with the construct

ment of existing ones Its funct

the Air Navigation Division o

the W P A and to put the ap

form so that they will be accepta

when presented to him for appr

Sectional aermzauticat cha

sectional aeronautical charts of 

of the fiscal pear The remaini

checked and will be ready in t

1 1000 scale were issued
A

I

BUREAU 

ADMINISTRATION AND 

The Administrative Secti

routine duties prepared a s

respondence of the Washingt

a revised cash and cost acco

and the Air Navigation Dis

tion Section continued its 

through printed bulletins sp

pictures and photographs co

Information on airports and 

expositions at Dallas Tex a

APPROPRIATIONS PER

F

A tabulation showing amou

Work of the Bureau of Air 

follows

Fiscal year D

a

1927

1 926

1 

929 

1930

1931 i

1932 

1933

1934

Total

1936

1935 

1937 

i Second Deficiency Act fiscal pear 1926 ap

r Includes under Aircraft to cornmeree 75

65000 appropriated by the second Dendency 

appropriated by the Second Deficiency Act o

2 Expenditures were limited by Executive or

air navigation facilities472 560 total

Includes 14600 appropriated by the First 

0

a 175 ao0 available on approi of appropria

RR9 oon sd5 1on 1ateourer 

prm om 3CC ascot year04approvea June 2

Statistics on personnel emp

on June 30 1936 and at the co

follow

r In addition ou Jnne 30 1936 there were 74 e

Administration and Public Works Administra

Item

Dist 

Colum

Paid from aircraft in commerce 

Paid from air navigation facilities 

Total 

r In addition ou Jnne 30 1936 there were 74 e

Administration and Public Works Administra

BUREAU 

A

INT

The collection of more exten

and industry was the outstand

past year The census of busi

factures both for the calendar 

in this field These censuses to

monthly census inquiries in se

1935 Census of Agriculture a

oils and the Census of Mines 

panorama of American econo

obtained

Legislation for the Sixteen

legislation necessary for the p

nial Census 1940 is being g

It has been the practice of the 

in 1902 to submita revision o

is necesary because1 Be

changes are made in the sta

Bureau2 each decennial ce

meeta number of new nationa

complete and accurate censuse

eince the previous census Hurst 

The taking of the decennial 

function that is nonmilita

handles on an emergeucv bas

than 100 0 persons in the fie

central offices where the returns 

established asa permanent ag

or could be emploYed on the 

census during the intercensal 

period However other dutie

creased malting it difficult to 

preparatory work Asa res

to postpone preliminary work 

eenmal census act These pre

drawing testing and perfectin

accurate enumeration of popu

ness establishments2 the m

for tabulation of the census 

ment developed in the Bureau 

training of additional personn

trative problems ofa nationa

months in advance of the cens

census buta less costly one
18 RLPORT OF THE Sh 

The Bureau is imutediatel u

However no extensive plans ca

tory work be accomplished w

legislation Request for prelim

preliminary work will be made o

Census bill was introduced in 

and approved June 18 1929 th

duced in the House May 8 191

each ease the necessary legisla

by only about 9 months Xt le

preparations

Reorganization ofdiv so nsT

lication of Financial Statistics 

30000 of which there are 810 

with the 1932 report only the 

100 0 have been covered By 

Financial Statistics of States 

since the 1931 report With no 

statistics for smaller cities an

these remaining reports are of g

A detailed analysis has been 

field and of the Bureau spast 

lated reports have been prepar

Statistical Board the Advisory 

Census and the Municipal Finan

States and Canada Plans for 

of Financial Statistics of State

The new Chief Statistician an

assume office September 1

The special problems which a

and the compilation of statistics 

sions make imperative the reorg

torial Insular and Foreign St

the intercensal period it coopera

ernment in the compilation of st

tories and possessions and condu

procedures of foreign governme

in connection with the censuses 

by the Puerto Rican Reconstruct

tion of this Bureau have been as

Special equipment for record 

Bureau has been unable to con

purposes during the past year 

Several major steps have been t

notable among these are 1 A

enumerated in the Census of 19

office of this Bureau with an a

Progress Administration 2 

purchased with funds provided 

sible film records will be made 

age search purposes These films 

space than the original docum

original documents unnecessar
BUREAU 

speed with which film record

rapidity of making age searc

purchased with fonds approp

volumes of irreplaceable origin

will be open to the public exc

genealogical research and othe

With the completion of the 

its transfer to the Washington 

ity of these searches will be co

Only for those cases in which 

required detail will searches 

The rapid and reasonable co

lions of schedules depends upon 

tabulating equipment in this B

present equipment and rece

should be called to the devel

tabulator which will greatly red

rental of this type of equipm

census inquiries With appr

pointed by the Secretary of Co

during the next year for the 

adding tabulators and the re

handle the tabulation of the ne

CENSUS 

The Census of Business co

largest and most inclusive inv

undertaken lluch broader in 

tribution for 1929 or the Cens

attempts to obtain a reasona

comparable items of business 

lines of business activity in th

plete census of retail and who

inent enterprises hotels bro

banking insurance real estat

housing construction and 

through primary channels I

now existent in manv of these 

Funds to defray the expens

the Works Progress Administr

ber of security wage workers 

project the national headqua

Pa A maximum clerical forc

employed in this headquarters 

ing and mechanically tabulat

data for publication Althoug

the State employment office in

the projectall were require

competitive examinations give

personnel below

A competent technical staff 

because of their knowledge of 

tive fields of business took i
20 REPORT OF THE SE

business leaders throughout th

held to discuss the schedules pro

in this expanded business cens

by representatives of trade ass

store organizations etc and by 

governmental agencies Centra

merce Commission Bureau of 

Tariff Commission Federal Res

tics etc Each of the 17 schedu

for criticism to representatives 

mental agencies principally conc

Special efforts were made by th

business and the biennial census 

common definitions instructi

procedures

Fie7d organizationClasses 

September 1935 for the instru

area supervisors in connection 

manufactures Instructions we

in such subjects as the filling ou

factures schedules the duties o

ordinate field personnel and fie

completion of the instruction 

23 permanent Census employee

selected as area supervisors and 

the start of this census on Janua

Serious delays were encounter

of securing qualified security wa

to cover the 405 supervisor sdis

tors were used On June 30 19

in the field principally in large 

Releases and reportsAt the 

releases by geographic areas an

broadcasting industry had bee

information such as analysis of 

number of networks and stat

banking institutions had been is

It is anticipated that the reta

taining such facts as number of 

employees pay rolls etc will 

October of this year Similar in

services and wholesalee trade w

formation for other phases of th

to time until March 1937 whe

By the time of the completion 

issued in addition to the data 

reports and also trade reports c

within the compass of the ce

without the disclosure of individ

Retail trade mr veyThe nee

ble with that secured by the C

expense and the organizational 

merations of this magnitude ha
BUREAU 

possibility of an annual sample 

is now an integral part of the 

determine the feasibility of sel

both from each State so as to 

retail sales and of the principa

sales Nearly 300 area samples 

sales by the elevenfold breakdo

1933 Special tabulations of 

ployment will be made for 

research can be given at this ti

CENSUS OF 

The last two biennial censuse

were considerably curtailed as 

field To meet the increasing 

mental agencies for complete r

factures was planned to be as 

and of consumption of materia

in connection with the Fifteent

Certain revisions were found 

ularly used in this census T

ferences with representatives o

reau of Labor Statistics Fed

mission and other agencies as 

industries A total of 160 spe

industries distinguished in the 

the 1935 inquiry as compared 

for 1933 The experiment of 

establishments first made for 1

repeated because of unsatifac

Employment data to be sec

of Alan ufacttires will be some

tailed than heretofore In ad

earners and salaried employe

porting the number and total c

a separate group and for repo

on the rolls in March June S

Consolidation of the field w

with that for the census of bus

returns Manufacturers who 

structed to fill them out and h

merators whereas previously it 

made by mail using canvasser

The remaining final reports 

Manufactures together with 

reports are assembled were co

fiscal year

REPORTS ON INDUS

As a result of conferences h

for the purpose of reviewing 

Bureau a number of changes w
22 REPORT OF THE S

ing the schedules used for the 

with those used in the Bienni

Representatives of the various 

ferences and rendered valuabl

phases of the schedules

Current statistical reports ar

tries or commodities 51 bein

These reports were prepared 

facturers and other concerns h

the year there was a considerab

the reports notably the follow

firconditioning systems mid equipm

Cotton and leather garments t

allied products 

Dis illate oil burners 

Galvanized range boilers and tanks 

net water heaters

In cooperation with the Ame

a canvass on the production a

United States was begun hiring 

the first 3 months of 1936 was 

were used in connection with th

into between the United States 

Amotal swmmariesThese s

quarterly reports were publi

Boots shoes and slippers othe

products hosiery cotton and 

men syouths and boys cloth

products and wool consumptio

fied number of identical estab

summarized and published in th

Manufacture and sale of far

of data relating to the product

related products was resumed w

The last previous collection of t

The 1935 canvass covered 874 m

liminary report on tractors com

on April 6 and a preliminar

April 29 1936 The final repo

Forest productsThe annua

lumber lath shingles pulp an

tion are limited to mills sawing 

conducted in cooperation with th

Department of Agriculture

Clay productsQuantities a

on hand of clay products sand

are reported annually

COTTON AN

During the past season the I

14500 cotton gmneries 550 co

consumers of cottonseed oil 280

compresses and public cotton y
BURPA

ing establishments Under 

acts of Congress these repo

statistics on cotton than on 

Semimonthly reports are iss

cotton consumed and held c

its major products

Closely related to the cott

petitive market are other ve

terly reports are received 

consuming these oils and fro

plete the picture of the d

imports of cotton and oils a

and consumption figures and 

reports

AGRIC

The 1935 Census of Agric

for agricultural data A la

non governmental organiza

in the analysis of the results 

have been of particular valu

such agencies as the Agricu

Conservation Service Res

organizations facing emerge

principal demand for data 

crop and livestock items the 

created an everincreasing in

and far labor which bear 

must be dealt with by emerg

tenancy the share cropper 

ment of population back to 

of farming in suburban area

come to be a major source of 

The tabulation of the 1935 

two parts A rapid summra 

acreage and value bycountie 

released in less than i months 

Year Following this genera

for the first series tabulations 

livestock items and some g

from the receipt of the first 

office tabulations had been 

minor civil divisions of the f

record for the compilation of 

dition to the facts published 

had completed tabulation o

series bulletins by the end of 

mortgages by April 1936 Vo

which consists of all State bu

the press about Joie 30 1936 

rial for the second series w

reports are in the hands of th
24 REPORT OF THE SEC

Most of the information collecte

tabulated by minor civil division

tion of all tabulated data by the

present printing fluids The dem

very widespread All tabulations 

sions are being made available to 

cost of transcription Three State

most of the items for all the min

States for a few items for all min

Valley Authority the Departmen

Resources Counnittee had it larg

data transcribed for their use by 

Bureau as special agents Severa

than by minor civil divisions were 

culture to take care of special p

work Arrangements have either 

for minor civil division transcrip

outside agencies the cost of which 

VITAL ST

The reorganization of the Bus

started in June 1935 A complete 

with the cooperation of the Centra

Advisory Committee The reorga

ternal adjustments and a change 

Division

The Special Advisory Committe

tics appointed by Secretary Rope

a number of new policies were for

statistics Adoption of the policy 

place of residence as well as for 

involved the construction of new c

card of greater capacit A chang

punch card was made beginning 

and deaths A consolidated inst

which were included instructions f

and death certificates and rules to 

of death The latter were greatl

ducing the list of exceptions wh

release of the instruction manual th

excepting by the issue of officially a

Annual reports of births and d

calendar year 1933 and the corresp

completed A new series entitled V

was initiated in January 1936 A

is individually identified the pa

throughout the year A table of c

plied at the close of 1936 to compl

for permanent binding Plans hav

tion of individual State summarie

deaths This will greatly facilita
BUREAU 

for most States since the report 

be delayed until all States ha

this series of State summaries 

circulation of final volumes by 

State totals apart from the p

whole The Registrar a coo

tion of the Division of Vital S

State and local bureaus of vit

1936

A number of special studies i

in process during the year 1 

nection with accident statistics 

illegitimacy resulted in the p

throughout the Nation as to w

be noted on birth certificates 

the content of available vital st

4 With the cooperation of t

effort has been made to secure 

code 5 The effect of arbit

primary cause of death from m

fully analyzed

A test for completeness of b

ducted by the local health dep

Bureau Two trained field wo

proving the birth registration 

States This service leads to 

States as a whole and is of imm

reporting of births results in 

health funds which as specif

apportioned in accordance with 

ESTIMATES 

This Bureau cooperated w

America in its conference on 

21 1935 Twent repr

ermuental agencies universit

organizations and the American 

This conference recommended t

the making of estimates of p

United States and that use be m

tion to such information as wa

culture and oilier inquiries

The estimated population for 

on the excess of birth over deat

1 1935 together with revised es

years was announced on Fru

evolved making use of curren

eb

rollnent and school census stat

mates of population for all Stat

mates of the population as of A

are practically completed and 
26 REPORT OF THE S

for cities which estimates will 

basic data can be secured for th

Never has there been as m

dates subsequent to the censu

difficult to approximate for s

deaths and marriages have oc

dent from a mass of data Ho

and of migrations caused by th

too uncertain to permit the ma

any high degree of confidence 

CENSUS O

At the request of the Puerto 

this I3ureau provided the techn

lation and a census of agricultur

An official was delegated from 

tion including the planning an

ing and coding of the schedules 

lation all Of which was clone in 

tions will be made on the cens

the tabulations of the farm c

Puerto Rico

On December 1 1935 the pop

which represents an increase of 

1 1930 This is equivalent to 

compared with 169 percent be

SPECIAL PO

A special census of the city o

supervision of a representative 

1935 and a certificate of popula

The special census showed a po

1 in 1930

INSTITUTIO

The reports on juvenile de

children tinder institutional ca

year Statistics on these two c

only decennially Annual repo

the decennial census of institut

hospitals for mental diseases 

institutions and prisoners in St

tories for 1933 A supplement

ease or deficiency for which the 

decennial census of institutions 

the first report in bulletin form 

the year 1933 The 1934 report

in institutions patients in hosp

State and Federal prisons and 

statistics will be released within 
BUREA

NEW CE

Thirtyeight of the 93 cit

1930 now have census tract 

ing the requirements for pe

teen of these cities were add

cities tract plans are now be

tions All cities of 250 00 

plans except Memphis Ten

decennial population census 

for cities with approved pla

small cities in 1930

PREPARATION 

Census of religious bodie

nent Census Act the Bureau 

Religious Bodies for 1936 in 

the only official data on reli

meets a widespread demand f

tions rather than individual

the United States does not 

affiliation or preference at th

population In addition to 

bodies gives facts as to fisca

summary of the history of ea

ALPHABE

As previously mentioned 

largest alphabetical index of 

States is now being compile

complete transcription of th

census of 1900 using more th

ginning in September 1935 

30 1936 a total of 23511 879 

When the transcription and 

pleted the cards will be indexe

For many years the origi

nial censuses have been used 

tions of age in lieu of birth 

proof of age for the purpose

retirement annuities oldaae 

security legislation by the Fe

so greatly lnereasecl the num

justlfv the compilation of 

greatly increase the speed a

lnllh decrease the cost ther

search geographical files in t

Oenc e locations before searc

it be necessary to examine all 

find a partic0ar individual 

ing the alphabetized cards on 

searches and provide a duplic

101002 365
28 REPORT OF THE SEC

CONDUCT OF 

Mention has been made above 

in making searches of old popu

of age certification and other i

mately 37500 requests in the form 

relating to age searches were rece

personally in this connection A

various organizations including 

Service Commission State welfare 

ance companies legal advisers et

In April 1936 under a coopera

Retirement Board a number of 

purpose of searching for the ag

the Railroad Retirement Act Ae

vision of the Census Bureau and 

Bureau without compensation the

Railroad Retirement Board Du

were received by this group and 

PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT 

During the past fiscal year the 

census record preservation the p

pose and the conduct of age se

Security Act Constant use of th

population census enumerators f

in the destruction of many of th

by the Civil Works Administratio

schedules for 1800 1810 and 1820 

inal schedules of these censusesa

published in printed formare no 

Three lines of attack on the p

now being made 1 The volum

pages are being mended and reb

and the Government Printing Off

made of those volumes which b

the original enumeration sheets 

searches except by special clerks 

of the schedules for 1880 and oth

ing the most severe use

Photostatic equipmentFour f

are now in operation on the volu

reproduction A wellequipped la

completing their present task the

work for the next decennial cen

produced more than a quarter of a 

Photographic equipmentCont

photographic equipment which w

United States for purposes of rec

consists of six 16millimeter came

documents not exceeding 101 in

cameras with drum feed and a max

two special bound book cameras 
BUREAU 

812 by 11 inches to 26 by 

equipped for either 16 or 35

permit the filming of large c

bindings the very rapid film

and the use of film copies by m

to work with the original rec

taken to determine the poss

photography to other lines of 

The above equipment is fo

is not readily portable The 

actively cooperating with the 

of other photographic equipm

transported by car from one 

perfected an experimental po

need in this connection

Repairing and binding of 

worked on the repair of bind

June 30 1936 By the close 

volumes of the 1830 1850 a

In addition 146 volumes of th

to the Government Printing O

TABULAT

The task of tabulating the 

agriculture contributed grea

chanical tabulation devices in 

by the Census Bureau For e

Fifteenth Decennial Census 1

bution and Manufactures r

card and the tabulation equ

658 896 times through sorting 

speed and accuracy of tabula

degree on the efficiency of tab

Four types of power driven 

sus unit counters which as t

teristics or categories 2 ad

tegrating tabulators which s

cards sorters which arran

type of tabulation and 4 g

ignations common to nany ca

ens first used on large inquiries 

being remade to tabulate 45c

cards for which they were o

machines have been changed 

before the 1940 census Work 

new type sorters developed 

punch heads are being built t

45colunnr equipment

New adding tabulatorAfte

ulations it is believed that th

by the Bureau s Mechanical 

most of the largescale tabulat
30 REPORT OF THE SE

entirely mechanical and is operat

is but little larger than a full siz

and can be operated from the c

Cumulations are made on a 53 

split at any point to give vary

capable of saving this Bureau an

of dollars in machine rentals for 

WORK DONE FOR OTHER FE

ORGAN

Emergency Conservation Wo

sonnel and of the work done in 

the United States and outlying p

July 1933 The camps are und

Emergency Conservation Work 

vision of a number of cooperating 

Forest Service National Park Se

the Bureau of Indian Affairs T

from approximately 3000 sched

personnel and the amount of w

new construction and maintenan

are also made quarterly by typ

intervals for States and outlyin

regular tabulations made during 

made showing work completed f

1933 to March 31 1936 for se

possessions Arrangements have 

this work through March 1937

Tabulation of data for other a

which tabulations were made ar

ford University National Asso

turers Inc General Mills In

Bureau Bureau of Fisheries Bu

merce Agricultural Adjustment 

tice and Bureau of Public Heal

certain industries were also prep

the Bureau of Foreign and Do

Reserve banks at Boston Philade

Income from special surveys 

fiscal year the funds received b

governmental agencies from out

uals to pay for special work am

and allotments included 35600 

Emergency Conservation Work 

and Domestic Commerce for spec

eral Emergency Relief Adminis

Shipping Board Merchant Fleet 

Statistical Board 425 by the P

Department of Agriculture 100 

gation and 18401 from outsid
BUREAU O

PUB

No census or statistical surv

published yet census publication

funds separate from the funds 

salaries equipment travel etc 

piling of census data In the de

fiscal year 1937 provision was m

of not to exceed 35000 of the 

of the Census to publish cens

in some instances for as long as 

The publication of delayed rep

these funds

The House Committee on Ap

statement

Henceforth the committee desires 

compilation to include funds to pub

ered Experience may point to the n

the policy but such exceptions if a

The following publications we

1 AGRICULTURE INDU

a Decennial bie

Census of Agriculture 193547 Stat

Census of Agriculture 1935 Volume 

Biennial Census of Manufactures 19

Financial Statistics of Cities 1933

Animal and Vegetable Fats and Oils 

Cotton Production in the United Sta

b Quarterl

Edible gelatin

Electric mining and industrial lo

motives

Electrical goods

Lacquers

a Monthly 

Air conditioning systems and equ

ment

Automobiles

Automobile financing

Bathroom accessories

Boots shoes and slippers other tha

Cellulose rubberplastic products

Commercial steel castings

Convectiontype radiators

Cotton and leather garments and allie

products formerly Work clothin

Distillate oil burners

Domestic pumps water systems a

Domestic windmillswater softening apparatus

Electric industrial trucks and tracto

Report no 2280 to accompany H R 

of State Justice Commerce and Labor a

Q Ibid The language of the printed r

Appropriations Committee to make it in 
32 REPORT OF THE S

Plastic paints coldwater paints

calcimines

Plumbing brass

Porcelain enameled flatware

Porcelain plumbing fixtures

Prepared roofing

Public merchandise warehousing

Pulverizers

Pyroxylincoated textiles

Railroad locomotives

Steel barrels and drums

Steel boilers

Steel office furniture shelving

locket and fireproof safes

2 VITAL STAT

Children under institutional care 1

Crime and mental disease or deficie

Juvenile 13 delinquents in public ins

tions 1933

Mental defectives and epileptics 1

E

The Bureau participated in 

fiscal year held at San Diego 

Ohio For the San Diego Exp

changes were made in the Bure

tion chart showing net change 

immigration emigration and 

the Texas Centennial Central 

June 6 1936 This is augment

data resulting from different 

being shown progressively in 

driven rollers A special exh

pEared xposition for theatNegro Cleveland exposition Ohi

hibit there is similar to the on

chart A number of small p

census data and procedures h

visitors

PE

raining courses for emp

gram inaugurated early in 193

and arrangements were made w

credits for the more advanced 

Nearly 900 employees have a

courses taught by members 

will be continued and new cour

by the constant training and r

problems of census procedure 

tained These courses and th

served as an incentive for gre

sonal advancement on the par
BUREAU 

Examinations of security wa

workers referred to the alpha

projects by local relief emplo

clerical examinations Prefere

competence as shown by these 

Welfare and social service w

presented by 2865 securitywa

in Philadelphia working on th

taken by this Bureau were la

welfare and social service work 

ate nurses were maintained at 

of workers who came mainly f

as hospitals medical and denta

izations etc have cooperated 

program together with an act

with local employment agencie

proved quality of work and be

that the majority of securitywa

leave their employment with 

capable of success in private e

to it by relief employment age

APPOINTMENT

and 430 security wa

and 365 security r

15745 local enum

A number of temporary emplo

for which appointed were give

reappointment also 1721 emp

itation were subsequently exten

service

Total employees on roll June 30 1936 

Permanent 

Temporary 

Total appointments fiscal year 

Permanent 

Temporary 

Total separations fiscal year 

Terminations 

Expirations aPPOmimets 

Transferals 

Resig Retias 

Retirements 

Deatbs 

and 430 security wa

and 365 security r

15745 local enum

A number of temporary emplo

for which appointed were give

reappointment also 1721 emp

itation were subsequently exten

service
34 REPORT OF THE S

In addition to the number sh

the rolls on June 30 404 tempo

ington office and 199 in the field 

per annum or without compen

ment services There were 275 

during the fiscal year to the W

and 282 and 162 separations re

APPRO

During the fiscal year ended 

Bureau authorized by specific 

priation Salaries and expense

included the stun of 35000 

Appropriation Act of 1937 a

Census of Agriculture 1935 o

made immediately available by 

the terms of the deficiency bill 

of the Census under Salaries 

the sum of 150 00 for the fis

hiring temporary clerks makin

equipment and for travel etc 

Social Security agencies data r

sions as reported on old censu

made available to the Bureau f

exhibits at the CaliforniaPac

Diego the Texas Centennial C

Great Lakes Exposition at Cle

Appropriations and other funds ma

by source fiscal 

Paryose 

All Bureau work 

or salaries and expenses 

es and expenses Social Security Act 

is of reaiculture 

I Includes 35000 made immediately available 

2 1000 appropriated for 1936 and 2W000 

3 Includes 760 00 from Federal Emergency R

Includes 3000 for Oreat Lakes Exposition f
BUREAU OF FOREIGN 

SIGNIFICANT GROWTH IN 

INCREASES B

Accelerated activity through

in the district and cooperative o

foreign officescharacterized t

Commerce during the last fisca

viving business improved trad

home and abroad combined w

the Bureau an increased volum

number of inquiries and reques

port specific instances are cited 

for trade promotional and infor

Foreign trade increased in 

year ended June 30 1936 the 

have occurred Exports amou

larger than in 1933 and 68 per

while imports amounting to 0

percent larger

The demand for sales inform

trade increased 77 percent ove

ing the increased interest in ma

firms

BUREAU ACTIVITIES IN FUR

F

A widespread and increasin

during the past year in the 

which this Government initiate

major step toward revival of 

this program under which the 

opening of negotiations with 1

continuing responsibility was p

formance of this task the agen

ployed during the past year i

clusion of the nine trade agre

September 1935 and May 193

that had been signed prior to 

agreements of outstanding in

trade were those with Canada 

force on January 1 and June 1

The negotiation of the cari

integration and careful analy
36 REPORT OF THE S

assembled through the years b

in Washington This required 

and industrial divisions of the 

of American foreign commer

Washington especially for this 

As in the previous year stu

program constituted a major 

Tariffs second only to its regu

of Regional Information was 

other basic economic data for t

analvses of trade statistics we

Trade Statistics for the use o

trade agreement committees M

and industrial divisions of the 

with the Department of State 

interdepartmental committees 

agreements work

The Bureau sdistrict offices t

tact with American industries 

have rendered valuable service 

program by a malting availa

in their coam unities desiring t

reciprocity information and b 

and texts of the various trade a

tional information or tariff co

to the United States which aff

to firms in their districts

This activity has been carrie

of furnishing information rega

to the businessmen of their respe

SERVICES TO OTHER 

In the fiscal year 1936 the Bu

creasing extent by other Goverm

organizations for information 

sion alone acted upon 305 reque

from them 151 visitors seekin

mention here all the cooperat

rendered but some appreciation 

may be suggested by the follow

ligri cultural Ad wstm ntAo

organization a survey of foreig

was made by the Bureau to det

effect an excise tax on imported 

these products

Deparfine dof 

one of the Bureau divisions mad

for frozen milk to aid in an inv

ing the dairy industry through 

for a new type of frozen conden
BUREAU OF FOREIGN 

Civilian Conservation Cor

extended by the Bureau to the 

plying information on species 

kinds of wood

Export Import BankThe 

the Export Import Bank and 

the assistance of the bank T

frequent intervals foreign eco

tor of the Bureau and later 

served on the executive commi

Federal Housing Administr

ganization with statistical da

with basic information on the 

and good construction practice

Federal Trade Commission 

mission in connection with h

and technical information on 

United States Tariff ComA 

relations with the Tariff Com

study of farm machinery impo

War DepartmentThe Bu

plans for machinery procurem

and gave assistance to the A

ating to industrial mobilizati

1Porlas Progress Administ

of the Storks Progress Adniin

and the advance m industrial 

Conr1ressional committeesT

assistance to the Senate Spec

considerable statistical and ot

Other governmental unitsA

assisted by the Bureau daring 

Roads of the Department of A

istration the Department of L

tion United States and Mex

National Labor Relations Bo

Reconstruction Finance Corp

tion the Securities and Excha

Board and the Treasury De

Bureau officials moreZlver 

mittees The Chief of the Fo

served on the Federal Specifica

vey Committee and in other 

ernment departments

COOPERATION WITH PRIVA

The Bureau liar continued it

relations with numerous trade 

organizations in addition to it

agencies The Bureau sAubtiv

instance collaborated with the 

in the revision of the Bureau s 
8 REPORT OF THE SE

viding supplemental data listin

routes flown and frequency of s

During the year the Bureau s

the National Electrical Manufact

for a more effective use of the se

ernment units The Radio Manu

with the Division in a study of 

radio apparatus adaptable to clim

and in order to aid foreign shor

larize American radio equipmen

cooperation with this associatio

ules of selected Amercan networ

Bureau for distribution to the f

cations

Close contact was established b

food industries such as flour m

cific Northwest citrus and citru

fectionery and California wine 

Credit was given to the Bures

Pacific Forest Industries for the 

plywood markets which points 

offer possibilities for export sales

The Textile Division sponsore

tives of the wool producing ma

and members of the several Gov

in its many aspects for the purp

of adapting Federal activities t

more extended uses of wool

Tobacco

For the

Division

Tobacco

completed

Association

a s

countries and discussed the pres

the survey

ACTIVITIES OF THE 

SERVICES TO EXPOR

Demands upon the Bureau for 

import trade expanded to large 

year Illustrative of the charac

was rendered by the Bureau sin

examples selected among the m

AutomotiveAeronautics Tra

Trade Division reports an incre

ices more than 5000 letters rece

callers A number of importa

studies were made while world s

cific developments included thos

automobiles highways and air

regular publications of the Divis

gestion of the industry the Auto

revised to give better coverage 

effected in the Automotive World 

News
BUREAU OF FOREIGN 

ChemicalThe Chemical Ds

letters was 20 percent greater 

subscriptions to its bulletins an

cent Basic and current info

Division sbulletin World Tr

Products and World Chemica

bulletin covering the year 19

demand for an epitomized pr

abroad The print and reprin

ElectricalAs a result of n

the new American products 

Developments in the Electrica

foreign officers of the Bureau a

the Electrical Division has co

the new service World Powe

Handbook exceeded expectatio

organized to brin the file of 

Last year the Division publishe

Electrical Foreign Trade Note

the second number was issued 

the Condensed List of Govern

Electrical Industry the latter 

trical Manufacturers Associa

new addition of World ShortW

ing completion

FoadstuffsThe fiscal year 

Foodstuffs Division soperation

and activities were accelerated 

made during the year on the 

fish and edible nuts These we

wide distribution and favorable 

number of studies in connectio

the results were widely dissem

Forest productsThe Fores

received over 10000 inquiries o

opportunities were Issued and 

markets were released Over 1

pared and revised Interest in 

reached a new high attesting 

of the lumber and timber produ

industries

Leather and robberThe L

in January a new monthly pe

Bulletin to provide a medium 

in 1935 hides skins and tann

000 in value and to sup

tanning material imports intro

called upon for economic inform

trade and by other Federal bure

lfeta7s and mineralsThe ye

year of operation of the Meta

plan which combined minerals 

Iron and Steel Division Durin
40 REPORT OF THE 

inauguratedConstruction A

The former was designed to 

kinds of building materials a

posed foreign construction p

upon which It depends is comp

a valuable stimulus to the sale 

accessories in foreign markets 

approximately 30 percent over 

Specialties motion piet ursT

sion output of market survey

all existing records and the vo

advice in addition to the us

foreign marketing exceeded an

over was called upon by seve

pertaining to their export prob

ing a dozen or more successfu

the commercial representatives 

Various industries were covered 

by the Division In addition 

Media Listsa service which w

making available to the indu

periodicals and other adverti

Two trade information bullet

methods in South Africa and t

The Division also made a su

equipment and upon request 

trade were made and published 

different fields In the field o

of world marketsfor both film 

disseminated through publicatio

trysyearbooks With the coop

agencies the Division carried o

in behalf of its exporting indus

ents of this service is the motio

Tea tileThe Textile Divisi

tistical and market analyses o

goods for the purpose of appra

Tobacco The Tobacco Divis

resentatives of the Departmen

sented the substance of th6se r

lication Tobacco Markets and 

American Leaf Tobacco Board 

ilre direction of the Division 

thus preventing losses by Ame

has completed and will prese

United States a statistical surv

ASSISTAil CE T

The Bureau sindustrial divi

siderable aid in many forms to 

Automotiveaeronautics trade

Division issued a study of raw 

facture of motor vehicles
BUREAU OF FOREIGN 

ChemicalOutstanding con

industry should result from tw

motor fuel and one on printin

Division to all American forei

also concerned during the year 

efforts in various fields

FoodstuffsTwo national q

Foodstuffs Division One the 

printed form was on confecti

1935 and the other the results 

graphed form was a survey of 

naise salad dressing and rela

achieved closer contact with 

through informal conferences p

sion system of reporting on ca

Leat ier an l rubberThe Le

the 1935 annual survey of Uni

stocks of crude rubber and re

surveys of distributors stocks 

tinued Collectively these se

which materially assist firms in 

production programs and outli

raw materials Special publica

ographies of the leather and r

variations in the leather trade 

to the Leather Fortnightly s

tries and on the boot and shoe 

hides skins leather and leather 

DachineryFollowing its p

to machinery trade associatio

mented the efforts of groups 

surveys and statistical studies 

quest showing the contributio

made to employment Owing 

machine industries and their 

service to 139 machinery trade 

papers during the fiscal year 

demand was a list of purchasin

ment of which 6000 copies wer

requests

TeWe qThe chief emphasi

allied products in the past Ye

of data and the analysis of fac

sider in planning for their fut

domestic development and in th

the cotton textile industry ma

mittee on the Cotton Textile I

the Secretaries of agriculture 

which the Bureau of Foreign a

part suggested a bads on wh

with industry in securing a 

presenting facts necessary to a

lems involved In general mu
42 REPORT OF THE S

tile Division has followed three 

Committee 1 The correlatio

seasonal and technical factors 

the improvement of the statis

adequate reporting on foreign c

ment of trade agreements look

for American textile raw mate

In consultation with officials 

Treasury Department specific

the purchase of more than 10

used for relief purposes The 

mation regarding market cond

textiles

THE FOREIGN 

Slightly increased appropria

possible the strengthening of s

Service of the Department of 

of offices at Caracas in Venezu

The improvement in administ

of two additional trade comm

missioners Only five of these 

ever the others having been na

in Washington It was also p

service abroad here again the 

to furnish two of the individua

The completion of a numbe

rocal trade agreements and th

the countries on which studies 

to their posts abroad of a num

who were engaged in this wo

resulted in a much better bala

has been possible during the pa

In addition to economic rep

one of the major functions en

merce officers has been the num

exporters arising from the tr

various foreign governments 

and exchange control A good 

of Italy where Government reg

liar to the period under review 

from representatives of Amer

country for assistance in obta

By taking up these cases with 

ties the American commercial 

year release of funds owed to 

than 800 0 In at least on

the firm from very serious finan

keen appreciation have been re

The installation of a system 

submitted by foreign offices h

of reports within the Bureau a

ernment organizations copies o

of interest
BUREAU OF FOREIG

Twentytwo foreign comm

were in the United States d

In cooperation with the Di

planned covering 122 visits 

trial centers where the Bur

offices Each officer spent ab

The system for commenti

offices abroad is gradually b

The Division is now in a p

formation as to the reportin

as well as the relative time d

sions in the Bureau

FOREIGNT

The expansion in the volum

1933 and the intensified intere

of the reciprocaltrade agree

demands for the services of th

during the past fiscal year 

inadequate to meet these dem

sideraole expenditure of ov

render so large a proportion 

the year

A monthly report on imp

and by country as well as b

plied regularli to the Tari

monthly and weekly reports 

request of the Treasury Dep

Year Calculations of duties 

for the use of the Treasury D

With the assistance of oth

and Domestic Commerce and 

and export schedules lists o

separately in the statistics o

tended so as to make them o

to other Government agencies 

analyses were made of trade 

countries for the use of the S

ment Committee and many 

response to inquiries from 

several hundred regular mont

and a few new ones were prov

ment of Agriculture for curr

the trade in agricultural prod

During the year the Division 

statement Trend of the Unite

rent information of those int

United States trade tivith fore

the total trade trade by econ

and by geographic regions fc

the previous year b the high 

A special release on our trade 

101602366
44 REPORT OF THE SE

prepared and issued in March in 

to the public several months ear

The reporting of exports of 

resumed A special export clas

with the cooperation of the Po

were distributed to more than 10

Work was pressed on Foreign 

statistical publication of the D

lease In addition to the Mont

analyses of trade were prepared 

Survey of Current Business a

trade was prepared for the stati

An annual summary of foreign 

sued as Trade Information Au

analysis of United States trade 

as Trade Promotion Series No 

More than 200 mimeographed 

commodities were issued by the 

6000 subscribers representing h

sides these mimeographed statem

unately 4o0 special monthly typ

who had need of regular repo

demand

The Division undertook a ver

of imports under the provisions 

authorizing the Department of 

studies upon payment of the cos

GENERAL REGIONAL INFO

Special activities of the Divisio

cluded continued cooperation w

the supply of statistical materia

of reciprocal trade agreements 

nected with reciprocity work a

economic and foreigntrade gath

sion participated with the Inte

committees on trade relations wi

The general work of the Divisi

heretofore the study of internat

larly as affecting American bra

problems of international trade 

out the world and national and 

The World Economic Review 

edition of the Foreign Commerce 

fiscal year The yearbook prese

information available on foreig

form and content having been 

ence value A trade information 

China I3uys and Sells

Another service the monthly 

France was added to the perio

releases also include the sem
BUREAU OF FOREIGN 

monthly trade reports on Chi

of economic conditions in sou

Information pertaining to 

in foreign countries was furnis

tatives going abroad for trad

sistance and officials of Amer

check then impressions of or b

ness opportunities abroad

FOREIGN TARIFFS 

Although further progress w

Year in reducing the barriers 

substantial continuance of th

world political developments 

various countries there has b

tions in several areas and a s

fore resorting to such contro

year many changes were made 

and import license restrictions 

The outstanding leadership 

removing foreigntrade restric

tradeagreements program of 

examples of countries which 

eign trade are Germany and I

and southeastern Europe hav

term clearing or compensator

eign trade problems A nu

resorted to ituportcontrol me

establishing differential impo

designated countries

As a result of numerous ch

regular work of the Division 

out the year substantially as a

the year the Division publish

malting analyses and interpr

and trade regulations a num

tion of Americans engaged in 

Preparing Shipments to Euro

were completed and issued in 

the publication Preparing S

issued of cation niinieograp

the Division The annual st

policies appeared as a specia

A considerable amount of t

quirecl by the tradeagreemen

prepared for each of the agre

nary studies were made of ba

trade agreements with other c

tiate has not yet heen announ

Close cooperation was main

and with other governmental 

Work of the Division and in t
46 REPORT OF THE SE

ments program Close contact w

izations together representativ

and mineral products with a 

efficient service possible in me

problems presented bey the im

countries

FI

During the year the Finance 

to its annual study of the balan

United States and to currency 

The balance of payments stu

made for 11 consecutive years 

inauguration of the reciprocal 

agencies of the Government tha

program have found a practica

studies and their requests as 

organizations and individuals 

items led to the institution of 

contemplation for several years 

for this purpose the Division w

more searching analysis of s

notably a comprehensive cen

United States and an analysis 

tions from 1919 to 1935

The 1935 issue of the annu

national payments is based in 

and contains also the results o

term capital transactions inte

certain aspects of American t

made available The prelimin

investments in the United Stat

tracted considerable attention 

of American investments abroa

year Another distinct achievement 

eign Currency Handbook The 

this subject has been emphasiz

similar publications which have 

The Division has performed 

can business concerns especial

exchange problems

In addition to aid given oth

tion with the balanceofpayme

special assistance to the Federa

serve Bank and the Securities 

ters relating tointernational ca

Department also on matters 

parment and Tariff Commissi

exchange control and exchan

ExportImport Bank on expo

Special attention has been 

scope of the three series of Fina
BUREAU OF FOREIG 

fortnightly These circulars h

especially for the note of caut

eschange restrictions

FOREIGN CO

Many of the less obvious ma

isolation prevalent in widely 

sources of irritation and loss t

detection and analysis of these 

the Division of Commercial La

much publicity to foreign discr

of action favoring national ind

ness Some of the laws of th

tional labor or have required t

of domestic labor and many co

administrative heads Such f

American assembling plants ab

nities for employment of Amer

workers Moreover while a co

against foreign physicians den

prise the extension of this poli

as brokerage auctioneering an

ing in several countries on the c

the new law imposes the emp

example foreign offices of Ame

employ such accountants in a

countants trained in the home o

problems of the business Ot

trades and crafts to nationals 

of specified races have induced 

can export lines which have be

as dependable outlets

The demand for copies of 

foreign commercial laws has f

noting a significant growth of 

seription list to the bulletin serv

the year and members of the 

contributions to law journals a

seminating the legal informatio

portant regions The correspo

tax problems has grown in vo

evidence of trade revival is re

adjustment service of the Divis

practices detrimental to Americ

prestige abroad

RELIABLE INFORMA

The demand on the Comme

information reports increased 

direct reflection of the increased 

of American business Reports 

American connections of forei
48 REPORT OF THE S

business with American firms a

large percentage of the more ac

sales and purchasing agents th

50000 new reports were added d

on hand creating one of the 

reference material in existence

These reports which sell for 

among American exporters an

traders entering an unfamiliar 

information as to the foreign fi

vass for customers or agents a

to check new inquiries promptly 

More than 2500 new and revi

were published during the yea

cents each showed a 300percen

vious June There are now a

the district and cooperative oflr

entering into our export and 

principal countries of destinati

revised constantly on demand 

is more than 2 years old Th

dresses principal lines handled 

tive size of the principal fore

Most of the lists indicate that 

immediately available on each f

A summary of the credit s

week to week in Commerce Re

from some 80 fiold officers of 

merce The availability of me

tions the trends in draft pro

gave American exporters and i

they could evaluate individual 

The lists and files of the C

used by other departments an

year particularly by the Exp

of Agriculture and also by the 

their work of aiding in the dr

The Department of State thro

fine spirit of cooperation the in

reports and lists

SERVICES OF TH

The district offices are the o

of economic and trade inform

the business Imbue The wor

a high standard during thc p

Pace with the greatly 111creasio

ice as a result of lie revival of 

upward trend of domestic busin

were multiplied by the comple

nneints particularly those with 

special work such as cooperati

Week activities
BUREAU OF FOREIGN 

The nine additional trade a

resulted in a larger volume of 

Following the signing of each 

with inquiries from exporters 

ments for official analyses rele

as well as for interpretations o

affecting

Division

specific

of Foreign

commodities

Tariffs the

heavy demand for its services

During the past fiscal year th

become an increasingly impor

One of the features of the yea

sales reporting program in con

Division This work was start

the Chicago office and the first 

tember 1935 covering major li

Indiana and Wisconsin Afte

area had become routine in cha

St Louis office to develop the p

cooperation of the reporting fir

data so far released have been 

Because of a more specific divi

the retail sales reporting pro

analysis of the trend of retail 

able through any agency gove

ECONOMI

Three major publications wer

sion of Economic Research du

were a The National Income 

the United States and c the 

Current Business

The comprehensive volume o

mates of both income paid out 

192934 with preliminary estima

19234 data are shown in comp

groups and approximately 40 s

of the Nation have been classifie

estimates of the fulltime equiv

together with estimates of their 

The report on public and pr

United States covers the period 

historical survev of the trends o

private debt and of the annual in

a snnuuary and an analysis of t

tribution of the ownership of the 

standing in 1933 the extent of 

measures adopted during the de

placed on the extent and charac

debt structure in the period follo

The 1936 Supplement of the 

page quarto volume is the firs
50 REPORT OF THE S

since 1932 prior to that time 

or anually This publication 

series of economic statistics f

will provide a welcome addit

governmental and nongovern

The Division also published 

tion of the Statistical Abstrac

voted to economic development

the World Economic Review

MARKET

The Marketing Research D

studying the fields of manu

consumption with special ref

providing businessmen with c

credit statistics general marke

and information on trade asso

The Construction Economic

year in response to requests fro

of the business advisory counc

which the industry particularl

take in this field were longran

lems of construction One suc

for industrial building has 

beginning in January Others 

soon as facilities permit The 

tical and other information in 

technical inquiries and has m

with the industry

The Consumer Market Sectio

of consumption and develops 

men and others interested in s

and more effectively locating 

work of this section is illustra

Consumer use of selected go

covering nine cities Six studi

the year and similar studies fo

This section is also preparing 

cedure involved in making c

mercial and industrial status o

The trade reporting program 

has been further expanded d

Section New releases include 

sales of chain drug stores mes 

stores The retail sales report

been expanded to include 15 

agreed to furnish monthly figu

the Board of Governors of the 

Federal Reserve banks has perm

in greater usefulness of these d

the Bureau is also cooperating 

tion at the University of Texa

University of Denver In Jan

with the National Association 
BUREAU OF FOREIGN 

gather and publish monthly dat

receivable of wholesalers and m

As rapidly as possible the field 

United States

The Retail Credit Survey fo

two additional kinds of trade a

ber of retailers covered is 40 p

The Consumer Market Data 

1936 to bring up to date the da

distributors of consumer goods 

entirely exhausted within 30 da

The Marketing Service Secti

quiries received by the Bureau o

has made business statistics m

special services

The 1936 edition of Market 

April 1936 The entire edition 

new printing made necessary 2 

The Wholesale Trade Section 

based on the real property inve

indicating the markets for ele

facilities m urban dwellings A

keting a in the planning of 

dustrial markets in the United 

first of which covering the tex

1936 and b in the preparation 

of new industrial products Th

wholesale trade in 1935

The Trade Association Sectio

mental source of information 

Construction Industry includin

tions published in April 1936 

booklets each of which include

specific field governmental and 

tion and a summary of recent d

of the American Machinery Ind

ous phases of this basic indust

associations of the United Sta

associations is now being comp

The periodic publication Dom

improved from the standpoint 

that of increased number of sub

During the past year the Busi

vides businessmen with data on 

problems has been expanded 

increased 67 percent and the vol

increased 58 percent

The Retail Trade Section prep

Delivery Companies and a st

now being printed Retail sale

and tabulations were continued o

sales volume of less than 1000

dealing with location arrangem

of smallstore retailing
52 REPORT OF THE S

SERVICES RENDERE

Possibly the largest single 

Division during the past year 

tion in the Texas Centennial E

in the year the Chief of the 

named chairman of the Negro 

Under the chairman sdirecti

cluding art music needlewor

ical arts and agriculture were 

exhibit is devoted to evidences 

other economic aspects

The Division has compiled 

Negro air pilots Negro chamb

tions and causes of Negro ins

ing publications kept up to da

constant demand Bibliograp

newspapers and other period

merce list of Negro aviators 

tions purchasing power of Ne

tion to this more formal asse

uted lists of a Negro manu

cially to Negro patronage c 

banks and e Negro schools 

mation has also been made ava

on successful consumer cooper

In efforts to cooperate with 

Chief of the Negro Affairs D

sentatives of the National You

Labor the Public Works Adm

Corps the Works Progress 

Board the United States Pu

Administration and others to 

the Negro Recommendations 

sonnel as architectural draugh

ects as educational advisers i

nurses in health projects a

Policies have been worked ou

erators and supervisors in the 

pointments have been made fo

ernment officials in order tha

the credit of Negro business

ACTIVITIES IN TRANSPO

The Transportation Divisio

tions at home and abroad and 

dealing a with foreign railw

shipping and c with commu

also was the inauguration of 

systems covering the econou

cable and radio services of 80 

this survey will be available in 

At the request of both the A

the American Trucking Asso
BUREAU OF FOREIGN 

accorded to significant physic

eign lands with respect to railw

eration was extended to railw

the sale of equipment abroad 

eign railway officials who visit

with suppliers throughout the 

rious waterway associations i

ciation and the National River

general information on inland 

In the field of lake and ocean 

tained with the Lake Carriers 

American Shipbuilders the A

tion and with various shippe

plied to individuals and to 

shipment and tourist travel

The Division has assisted o

pertaining to transportation 

Federal Coordinator of Trans

request of his staff The Chie

asked by officials of the Interst

vice on methods of carrying ou

of requiring system reports fro

In view of the widespread 

waterways the Division contin

posed projects It cooperated 

Corps of Engineers of the Arm

ciation in the presentation of 

Florida Canal Similar coop

Engineers office at Mobile A

economic survey of the propose

nessee River with the Tombigbe

Close relationship has also 

Public Roads of the Departm

Comnumications Commission 

proposed domestic transportatio

Committee

Numerous requests have been 

tion concerning important leg

The Division prepared an ana

The Hague rules the water ca

the various proposals of the Fe

A report of conditions affecting 

commodities on American slips 

transmittal to the State Dep

ment of petroleum and its pro

Solicitor soffice

FOREIGN 

During the year the Direct

as alternate of the Secretary 

Zones Board Public No 9

consists of the Secretary of C

of the Treasury and the Secre
54 REPORT OF THE SE

law to grant to public and p

establishing foreigntrade zones 

The Bureau cooperated close

partments in preparing the re

trade zones will be established 

mulgation of these regulations 

filed by the municipality of N

foreign trade zone After inve

iner scommittee a grant was is

of the Bureau served as chairm

the terms of the grant the Ne

in operation by November 1 19

During the year the Bureau 

port cities which were conside

tions for the establishment of 

secretary visited a number of 

discussing the subject of forei

In order to have complete inf

free ports the Bureau is undert

ing the year it is planned to ha

European free ports for the pur

istration of such areas

PARTICIPATION IN CON

The Conferences and Expos

eign and Domestic Commerce 

dination of activities of all bur

in the furtherance of confere

projects has been occupied with 

during the fiscal year ended J

been maintained not only with 

merce but also with other F

mental organizations

During the year the Departm

terest in approximately 25 con

took place in other countries 

field of commercial educationa

interested in and represented 

tions and meetings held in the 

were meetings of scientific tra

fields the Bureau of Foreign a

interested and is equipped to re

Among the projects handled 

of international scope and man

The international fairs also c

tion of this report were the C

sition February 12September 

sition June 6ATovernber 29 a

27October 4 At each of these 

Commerce had a creditable ex

sentatives

In this category were such m

Foreign Trade Convention he

Foreign Trade Council at Ilou
BUREAU OF FOREIG

November 20 1935 Because 

sentative nature of this occas

to participate by sending de

Assistant Director several F

chiefs were on the program a

part in the trade advisory ses

available for consultation in 

The exhibit so located as to c

of delegates sought to empha

and special editions of the r

Divisions the nature and sco

Americans doing business wit

The Automotive Aeronautic

major trade shows relating t

Aircraft Show and the Am

Division maintained exhibits 

and the Automotive Service 

sion were present and consulte

their foreigntrade problems

NATIONAL FO

At the invitation of the na

extensivelv in the second o

Week which took place dur

1936 The purpose of this m

has been carried forward in 

placed on a national basis in 

as to the real economic signi

American citizens It seem

Bureau of Foreign and Dome

to such an undertaking

Linder the guidance of a 

Director of the Bureau a co

was worked out The distric

spicuous part in cooperating 

coordinating the activities in 

and cooperative office manage

Foreign Trade Week meeting

plied various representatives 

paper articles and for speech

From Washington arrange

gagements and itineraries of 

merce and other Government 

Directors and a number of 

pated in these programs Th

Past throughoin the country w

reception in certain foreign c

EDITORIAL AN

The authors of Bureau pu

have acknowledged the sign

fiscal year by the Editorial D
56 REPORT OF THE SEC

fective presentation of the mater

editorial work has involved an e

ness of the subject matter the c

affecting the projected study the 

of accuracy in checking facts cite

of arrangement and the task of 

with the rules and principles tha

During the past year the Edito

acter bave been concerned with 

trial Property Protection Throu

Sources 1936 edition Review 

Confectionery Production and D

ments to Cuba and Preparing S

Foreign Currencies Advertising 

ilar work on South Africa Neth

Summary of United States Tra

Chemical Developments in 1935 

of the United States in 1935 Na

192935 and numerous other spe

The customary attention has al

periodicals such as Commerce R

ness the World Economic Rev

United States and Foreign Com

States

Most of the Bureau speriodic

vital data to diverse elements in 

read and edited in the Editorial 

ing of their uniformity and value

CONC

During the fiscal year ended J

of the Bureau of Foreign and Do

increased demand by the busin

information which this Bureau fu

has been made to meet this inc

employment Thus a major probl

the demands from business and 

ment with the existing organiza

As indicated at the beginning 

information reports pertaining t

over the preceding year and th

demand for information pertaini

The funds available for carry

whole during the year were incre

obviously not sufficient to meet 

services

This problem will become m

as increasing business activity 

for information with regard both 

and during the coming year we 

shall be restricted as the increas

work of the Bureau during the 

limited to about 1 percent
NATIONAL BURE

Certain typical examples of 

the National Bureau of Standa

been selected for rather complet

only of other important develop

the character and purpose of t

obtained from an extremely brie

current projects

GENERAL 

Two new scientific sections w

certain lines of research more 

chemistry was added to the C

organic plastics to the Division 

Finances and personnelThe 

1936 was1802 50 including 32

tion a total increase of 365 592 

in 1935 The regular staff at t

porary employees numbered 81

supported by national enginee

were engaged on technical proble

ment and industry 1 survey o

ducted jointly by representatives 

the Department of Commerce w

year The net result was to 

positions to higher grades

TestinqThe testing of sup

Government one of the import

shows an increase over the pre

value in insuring that the qua

the requirements of the Federal 

PublicationsThe results of t

able through 273 publications 

circulars and notes on subjects 

pared and distributed on reques

Visiting committeeThe mem

E Leeds president of the Leeds 

ton president of the Massachus

Dunn chairman of the J G W

William D Coolidge director 

General Electric Co and Dr 

I3ell Telephone Laboratories 

great value in outlining plans fo

to fundamental research

Inters ational scientific mlatio

of the International Committee 
58 REPORT OF THE S

Paris October 1 to 8 1935 w

American member of the com

Bureau At a meeting of the 

Electricity September 24 to 2

countries on the determination

concordant with mechanical u

ards was the only laboratory 

tions The International Com

of the units on the basis of me

1938 and to use the new units 

visory Committee on Photom

of 10 members was appointed 

system of photometric units in 

ards now used in various coun

a system based on the black b

the freezing point of platinu

the visual effectiveness of rad

W F Meggers attended the 

national Astronomical Union a

as secretary of the Commiss

Solar Spectrum Tables and w

sion for the nest term The 

20 neon lines and 20 krypton l

50 millions

F C Breckenridge and M 

session of the International C

and Karlsruhe Germany Ju

adopted recommendations cov

for illumination both on aircr

TwentySixtA National Con

This meeting was attended by 

27 States and the District of 

State associations of weights a

considered by the conference 

ment for the adequate testing 

equipment for the testing of v

Cooperation with States in 

tion Aplan has been perfect

State and local weights and 

adequate information regardin

The Bureau is procuring a spe

will be sent into the States o

operative tests will be conduc

to determine the need for sim

resentatives of the Bureau 

measures associations in 10 S

visited for conferences with 

Public utilitiesThe engin

various States held their 14th 

May 2123 inclusive Fiftee

ment units were represented 

utilities were discussed
NATIONAL BU

Federal Fire CouncilSurv

and of buildings occupied by 

tion the Coast Guard and the 

ter The plans of the new In

viewed and a report submitted 

from adjacent temporary build

issued June 20 1936 the Fede

official advisory agency in m

Federal employees and proper

Government bureaus including 

of Standards designated as a 

lnzerican Standards Associ

activee association with indust

Association It is represented 

mittees of the association dea

pritnan responsibilit as spon

Continuity has been assured 

carried oii by the Department 

mittee For this purpose it bu

been set up under the procedure 

tion The new committee is 

organizations having a broad 

been taken to organize a num

with specific questions such a

tilation for buildings The B

Sectional Committee A51 oil B

Protection and Fire Resistmi

tion formerly prepared at th

Department of Commerce Bu

developed under the procedure 

tion Sectional Co intittee 140 

ing and Standardization of P

larged for this purpose Two 

Standards Association are loc

cooperative work of the two o

F

w

Federal specz calionsThe 

the development of purchase s

ment The Director serves as c

Executive Committee under the 

have been prepared Many inv

part of this work

ELEC

The Bureau sfirst duty is to 

ments of such accuracy as niay b

ing commerce and scientific 

compare one standard with an

difficult to set tip the original 

In electricity the present basic 

ago and 25 years have elapse

which those units are obtained 

Bureau It is known that thes

101602367
60 REPORT OF THE S

their intended values so that e

consistent The differences are 

in scientific work and the dema

ment in engineering application

discrepancies now Conseque

been made to reestablish the ele

the Bureau is one of the labora

the new values

rhe basic units for which 

highest practicable accuracy are 

gram projected includes the ev

units by two independent meth

made b weighing the force ex

currents was publi hed list yea

work was originally designed 

10000 and the coils are so con

greater certainty in the results 

know the units within a few pa

new design which can be measu

and determinations with them 

A value for the ohm has been 

ent coils of which the self indu

lated The result is that the 

equuils 1000 45 absolute ohms 

parts in 100 0 but in the lig

proved inductance coil is being 

hill by ream of mutualinduct

After correct values of the u

maintained and transferred to 

ing standards such as wire re

which represent the volt The 

proved forms of both of these s

ing the year with laboratories 

the basic units can be transferr

parts in it million thus making 

between countries as well as wit

Further studies have been m

current transformers of large 

ments and final adjustments a

which will give an independe

100 0 as obtained heretofore 

it is also capable of extending 

to at least 300 0 volts A co

problem of eliminating the effe

measuring instruments has als

publication Another branch of the work 

way is the measurement of li

photometric standards in accor

to find general acceptance and 

the principal European Labor

it appears likely that the ado

will involve very little change 
NATIONAL 12C1

RadioIn radio the Bureau s

continued to find wider applicat

frequencies of 5000 10000 an

nished a modulated emission o

the three carrier frequencies wa

cessful experiments were also m

440 cycles per second the stand

ward to the provision of a regu

experiments were made for the 

voice broadcasting to cover the 

Preliminary results indicated th

success

Radio communication at lon

electrically conducting layers i

radio waves and so return them 

off into space Recent svatenta

the Bureau has taken a leading 

regarding the part played by e

which radio transmission can 

quencies at different times of da

ferent years Man of the phe

sun as for instance the newly 

radio signals for a few minutes 

minated hemisphere In it num

at the came time as tit eruptio

discovered between terrestrial 

transmission

WEIGHTS A

Researeh at the Bureau on 

when the War Department ill 

assistance in rating dental amal

had proved defective The Bu

measurements must form the ba

mensional changes which were 

terials The work was therefo

ures Division The Bureau co

sults and called attention to the 

developed

Through the cooperation of 

19 and the ktuerican Dental 

time tile Bureau has been able 

gate practically all types of den

were found to be eertously defe

The Bureau sefforts were fir

the best grades of dental ntatet

then to a study of the needs of 

the development of specificatio

to secure satisfactory materia

assisted the better ntanufutnrer

improved quality Yrke have 

hancement in quality The rec

these supplies of higher quality 
62 REPORT OF THE S

effective sales protection again

always been sold on the baste 

The fine service of groups 

American Dental Association 

and have advised the Bureau 

or improved materials and th

which have been recommended 

ratory resnits into actual pract

The research has been very f

has been recognized abroad A

dentists the chief of the dent

paper on part of the Bureau s

Dental Congress in Vienna du

As a result of this work it 

amalgam filling that will no

will not dissolve bridgework 

gold inlays lasting from 20 to 

was the case a short time ago 

cant in comparison with the p

Other problems with which 

terest to science and industry i

expansivity of industrial mate

a dividing engine for ruling dif

large volumes of gases resea

ments of length ruch as the 

measuring apparatus and the 

tion of limit gaffes for drill p

equipment used in the petroleu

Teetiuq tracts sealEiglite

by the railroads in different p

standardizing the weights by m

are tested and adjusted The 

year and they were found to 

well within the allowable main

10 were correct within 01 pe

The Bureau also tested dur

scaler situated on the lines of 

73 percent were found to be 

02 percent as compared with 

The tales tested were divided 

railroads and by industrial co

tion of faulty mechanical cond

time of test in order to reduce 

HEAT 

Some 15 years ago the dema

to exceed the normal supply to 

product declined and several d

and automotive industries eac

to faults of the other

This situation called for an 

tors involved which the Burea

both industries The difficultie
XATIO NAI BU

causes were determined and stu

important of these difficulties w

First it was determined tha

traffic on the road is not much 

This permitted the industry to 

able crude oil as much satisfac

result the available supply of 

of motor fuel kept down It w

tended to contaminate the oils 

engine wear and bearin troub

for remedying this dif culty 

stoppage of cars in hot weathe

the fueis a difficulty which was 

OuOther ther features the producers of the fuelandwerebe

of the vehicles and as a resul

controlled Finallv there aro

permit engines of Higher powe

ter performance of cars on the r

characteristics of fuels has led 

of this problem that greatly in

engines without increasing th

made

This study of technical facts 

development of fuels for milita

crease their power and perform

civil aircraft practice Incide

have been studied with the r

volved in the efficient use of s

The general program has calle

lishment of facts affecting moto

and satisfactory laboratory test 

the changing new requirement

The foregoing broad projec

typical of the problems submit

for solution Thee problems 

thermal properties of pure sub

terials and structures as related 

automotive engineering

Tmnpemture iea enraent e

which has included about 10

Government agencies investig

ity of clinical thermometers o

metal thermocouples particula

means for improving apparatu

urements of the melting points 

contents of 01 percent and hig

estimate of the melting point o

are necessary in the preliminar

order that the temperature cotA

able index of purity have been 

Properties of pure elateia

included determinations of the 
64 REPORT OF THE S

paraffin hydrocarbons from hex

publication of the determination

and water from 100 to 374 

series of measurements in the 

ran of very low temperatures 

sures of ortho and parahydroge

Engineering mateyWs and c

begun on the durability of insu

been given to the problems of 

tests of light interior partition

systems have been made and i

agencies fire tests were conducte

and linings for ships Methods 

ing them were studied

Automotive engineerigtgF

ena of combustion has been co

work has been concerned with m

ity such as the stability of 

engines and the possibility o

will be superior to the oils now 

have been undertaken such as 

airplanes to determine whethe

quate and the development of 

high temperatures The respo

the standard materials used in 

and in connection with this w

the purity of the materials su

in rating fuels

O

Cooperating with the Nation

turen sthe Bureau has arrange

nated as white ivory and cre

grading the color of raw silk 

inav serve to illustrate the pra

division

To dve hosiery successfully i

at least three classes each of w

The basis for this sorting is co

ing to whether it is white ivo

rejections because of two colors 

to less than 10 percent No o

as successful as this and the N

facturen shas selected three en

white ivory and cream whi

in sorting these three constitu

The color differences betwe

small particularly the differen

silk cream Since mall color 

standards have been made to s

silk they have been slightly 

carefully controlled gloss so 

skeins are imitated and an acc
NATI0AL BU

It is necessary that the work

the color shape and gloss of t

Because of the cylindrical s

precision colorimetry required 

signed and constructed By m

electric reflectonieter also desi

Toaster standards have been m

mental colorimetrie coordinate 

tolerances whieli must not be e

of the master standards has be

been applied to more than 100 

cates of the master standards 

has been determined on an arb

hunp developed at the Bureau 

inspection of the samples sub

master standards

As a result of this research 

master standards for rawsilk 

exact to insure the making of s

they were lost or destroyed S

been certified for the industry 

that virtually all users of raw 

and weavers will obtain sets 

that all can sort their raw sill 

Other inzestigation sA 9 i

camera was constructed and tri

the National Geographic Socie

during the eclipse of June 18 

values of the refractive indices 

0 to 60 C and wave length 

Secondary wave length standa

2100 A were measured and to 

on a firmer foundation the s

elements diluted in pure silve

tion about atomic structure 

vanadium and columbium spe

the data and term analyses of c

hafnium molybdenum silicon 

tra were made

A quartz mercury are in spe

source of ultraviolet A revis

violet intensity was made

In cooperation with the Uni

has been under way to develo

upper air data by means of r

instruments attclied to sound

up to 24 miles and distances 

Obtained

New measurements on the re

ference metroloa have been 

things a determination of the 

and fused quartz etalons
66 REPORT OF THE S

The sensitometry of lightse

varying atmospheric conditions 

latent image within a 15min

development

To meet the increasing needs 

arising from the increased excita

used in the Xray treatment of 

been expanded in equipment fr

up to 600 0 volts which limi

available

A Duboseq colorimeter with 

spectral filters for isolating wav

adapted to the colorimetry of re

new crystalline compounds wer

for manufacture of calciumgluco

1976731 were issued to several l

to the United States Governme

for A process for crystallizin

products resulting therefrom

In the crystallization of levu

cellent grain development has b

of temperature depression

Changes caused in the expau

ing the annealing procedure are 

ratio of the percentages of bor

lasses An instrument was d

factory open scale the hardness 

Brief mention was made in l

of the practice of diluting na

parts of Texas This investiga

was made at the joint request a

municipal governments of Dal

cerned with the effects on th

the practice of adding burned fl

gas obtained from the large ga

field laboratory was established 

investigation and fall scientif

group of four investigators w

cities which paid traveling exp

materials and personnel

The results of the investigatio

gas as practiced although it w

pose of insuring the satisfactory 

alternately with gases of diff

producing districts had in rea

ences in the properties of the 

pliance operation than they wou

result of this finding the city 

prohibiting the dilution of the 

extended legal proceedings the o

court
NATIONAL BU

The technical conclusions re

in accord with the results of 

variation of composition of ga

ing the safety of appliances m

from 1927 to 1933 The result

tion which were obtained pr

Texas and covered the subject 

companies until introduced in

Commission in January 1936

Atomic iveiglttsAredeterm

minum based on the element t

value obtained being in close 

value

Mctlwds of analysisRapid 

mining silica and sulphuric a

the reaction between potassium 

in diluted sulphuric acid solu

that has been generally used 

error and that these can be la

of the procedure In connectio

for impurities that occur in sm

was developed in which arseni

distilling under suitable condit

Special attention has been giv

the determination of small am

including ether benzene toluen

pensating systems used in gas 

obtain complete saturation of 

important source of error in an

Arcrlcrated weathering te 

asphalts developed the fact th

asphalts are gradually transfo

soluble in werter and show the 

Physical ron etonts of pure 

Committee oil Phvsicochemical 

Chemistry a comparative meth

better then 1 part in L000 000 

two liquids one of which serv

developed and applied to a n

purity In cooperation with t

Poland Dr 1 rojciechowski 

ous organic liquids of high pu

points and dpt ratios with gr

hitherto

Thr morhemish uThe heat 

determined and calculations ha

of formation of the gaseous 

alcohols Three additional hyd

methyleyclohexane and an ison

gasoline fraction of petroleum 

Irucrographs of hydrocarbon c

developed
68 REPORT OF THE S

Ppotective vahie of electrop

tests of zinc and cadmnun coat

thousand specimens of plated n

locations and will be inspected 

made on similar specimens Pe

ing the thickness of metal coatin

ings of nickel copper zinc ca

method previously used for p

hot

k5

clipped and sherardized zin

tandard samplesDuring 

thermoelectric samples of alun

100 standards and prepared r

stocks of openhearth iron ch

ingpoint tin The stock of s

materials irons steels steelm

samples that are certified as to 

oxidimetric reducing sacchar

value Approximately 7200 of 

MECHANIC

Reports have been complete

to the safety of the public as 

which were made possible by th

with a capacity of 10000 p

the world The investigations 

the Bridge Department of the 

results were utilized in the des

and the Bayonne Dill van D

Alloy structural steels of hi

more for large structures but 

been available as to the streng

plates and angles of these stee

that short sturdy columns of s

will support greater loads than 

carbon steel used in the past 

columns used in the two brid

safely In one investigation 

prevent any chance of failure 

made possible

The published papers describ

George Washington Bridge 

steel columns incased in conc

eight large Hshaped column

steel Research Paper 806 an

Bayonne Bridge Research Pa

IVo owire ropeThe resul

of worn wire rope conducted 

search Committee on Wire Rop

ical En have been p

indicate that the strength of 

sufficient accuracy for deciding 

measuring the length of the 

counting the number of broken 
NATIO AL BU

Brinell tcstingThe effect o

rial of small variations in the c

has been studied Research Pa

cedure is given which will lead 

numbers obtained by differen

machines

Yotional hydraulic laborat

request of the Geological Sur

Forest Service and the Treasu

of methods of measuring flow i

beds by flowing water loss of 

earrving capacity with age of 

roughness of the surfaces of pip

in plunibing systems and the 

In addition the experimental 

made avaible to the Geologica

istics of current meters when u

Conservation Service for measu

agricultural test plots and to 

measurements of the characteri

Semiannual bulletins on curr

a revision of the bulletin descr

United States have been distrib

eral and State Governments 

United States and abroad

Isnginreriny instiwvunts an

eigineering instrunnetts were c

vestigations and tests were ma

including fire extinguishing eq

the Bureau of Marine Inspectio

automatic inailmetering device

devices for the Federal and S

in appliances for use on Gove

able toning has been required i

curenient Division for electric 

teing large aireirc uhitirq fan

Lrradrltmantic in rtiyotanaA 

brnndar laver near a plate 

Advi ounuittee for lcroua

been developed for nwa urm 

tuuneh and a tudv lum bee

inteu and Tile cafe of the 

nnntber of sphere

11e wJt in9iralir ntJcrlrpts

deigned and eou fur t

partment include improved u

cun iof an uxvenbreathin

g vulunhe indi atur for as 

aeron raph test equipment for 

reloldatinr valve and oxvt r

opment of it Matii lubrica

Reports on aircraft compass 

indicators were prepared for th

Aeronautics Ali investigation 
70 ar roWr or FHiL s

t

scopic instr uuients and of the e

progrcaa for the committee

1ce utrasInterrst continue

acoustics namely the product

comtruction of auditoriums 

acoustic qualities A lame Ra

tion of sound intensity by abs

ardisation of microphones is 

amount of time bas been spent 

advice to Government agencies 

aeou tic materials and for soun

ORGANIC AND 

Freshness is being Stressed i

important and valuable prop

sinuer knows that fresh foods

that they have spoiled lie tak

too mg or under improper 

stmterl generally do not realiz

ject to the same kind of dete

tinnous When such an artic

and fail to give good servic

manufacturer It may be th

is not properly reistant to it 

if improper storage conditions 

fault because the fundamenta

to establish till optinnuu qual

conditions

To develop such informat

essential tool because the dete

with foodstuffs but of years 

one can study the effects of p

the article or in the condition

are not designed to predict how 

indicate rather that one sa

another They have found th

where they are used to prote

against inferior goods Incide

about properties other than me

The factors which normally 

tion of the article the tempera

it i kept and the contamina

Direct snulight acts as a pow

reaction

There are now three acceler

The industry has taken advan

dants the general use of which 

than was formerly the case 

velopment has led to savings 

year to the American people 

velopment of these test met

antioxidants
ATIONAL B

RR

The known rapid deterioratio

to believe that if it little weig

not so as shown nin a report o 

published by the Bureau This 

accelerated aging test which 

published shortly

Overbleaching of wool may n

material but may at the sam

deterioration under normal co

this

tool

susceptibility

which is now

has

being

just

used

been

overbleaching

The beat test for paper w

some years ago has shown tha

upon its purity While it ra

purer it can be spoiled in the 

fiber stock can he sufficienti p

have a veilong life The te 

the effects of storage conditio

to remove uiphur dioxide fan

expo lire of their valuable chaes

Molionpicture films are rapi

doeuuirnts to be pre erved for 

learned that the ordioae v type o

iner a maximnmu life of perha

et zvonez to be atisfactora 

Loth types of film are now bie 

important factor eviu to be 

mitted to dry out too much

The development of an accel

started Heretofore reliance 

hick means that an expenme

leaat years after it was star

preyionsly obtained the life of 

acidity whether this acidity i 

process or comes from storage 

sulphur dioxide If the pH v

leather mac be expected to hire 

From the aecompli in 

terials durin ythe pant tear th

a of pedal interest llea wemen

free energy of rubber meaLure

ber on stretching publication o

yarn twit and thread count and 

therefrom report showing th

caused primarily by variation 

development of a wear test to 

rency report of service test s

outwear vegetable tanned leath

IVe resistance of floor coverings 

of the dissociation constants o

byrroscopicity of cotton and p

Preparation properties and use
72 REPORT OF THE S

I

META

About s years ago a new typ

duced in the wire industry for 

was Characterized by high stren

than by the alternative conven

after its initial largescale use 

was astounded bytinexplicab

cable strand wires at or near f

bridges under construction Th

came so numerous that disman

well along toward completion 

to follow Will the heattreate

colddrawn wire the bridges ive

stud of the unsatisfactory wir

during the year and a report w

The results of the study have 

eses advanced to explain the 

heat treatment spontaneous a

drogen embrittlement failure 

wire and others In most res

heat treated wire did not diffe

placenent wire which has been 

purpose In two respects ho

it is believed have some signifi

of surface defects in the heat t

to giving by plastic deforma

ing stresses

The wire in a cable looped 

mally fit the pin elosely and i

magnitude may exist This i

treated wire As the spinning 

construction causes changes in 

in the wire are flucta atiug A 

ing tensile stresses with superi

no other combination was fo

identical with those occurring 

most serious when the bridge 

stress is small for tvlien the t

the wire closely to tilt pin aro

the elastic bending stresses is n

The greater susceptibility of t

a stress combination of this c

high elastic properties which ne

only approximately to fit the a

ency of this wire to give un

more surface imperfections on t

J1rta7a of hgli tempoaho cs

ties of metals at elevated tem

prepared and new apparatus d

of the study of the quality of t

taminated as possible are bein

anstenitic grain size on respmtse 
NATIONAL

Materials for housing O

studies now in progress on c

tion in enclosed spaces and o

time loading

Aircraft metalsThe stu

tion with other Federal age

of the Bureau smetallurgica

to show the weatherim cha

bility of various coatings 

Bureau for magnesium was 

Factory Possible detriment

from continuer high service 

elastic properties of highstr

longed and repeated loading 

fulness of chromium platin

tinued Test at subzero te

and impact resistance of a 

reassuring results The pos

tics ordinarily used to indicat

properties as an aid in eva

specific service is receiving 

Foundry studiesA repo

method for preparing cast iro

test which is being supplem

of cast irons of various com

verse loading The Bureau 

Ingot Metals Institute is c

practical interest in connee

impurities and their effect 

properties Methods for eva

vesttmtted for the American 

tical applications made in sp

High purity metasAttemp

form Lace been continued A

the basic material is now o

method which introduces th

Two reports stunmarizing a

iron appeared during the Fea

Bureau Research Paper 360 

in metals The results of 

methods for determiuinr oxy

tations invoh im 3 labora

lication The fusioninvacu

extended to alloy steels A 

eoveriur iron and steel for 

engineering applications of 

being printed The first volu

of sprint materials is nearly 

CLAY AND 

Although masoml walls o

form their intended function

of the penetration of rain wat

under exposure to weatherin
74 BEPORT OF THE ECE

has been conducting several i

valuable results

Rates of penetration of moistu

measured to determine what co

of construction are most resistan

fall 114 walls each approxima

high composed of 1 2 or 3 wyth

used singly or in combination ar

mens differs from the others with 

ing unit or mortar and quality 

workmanship the joints are we

employed by the mason being sim

tions for high quality masonry 

joints are not filled only enough 

of acceptable appearance

The walls are tested first und

is drawn through the wall by the 

After dr vilig the walls are retes

water and air pressure resemblin

panied by a strong wind In bot

means of a spray at the top of th

continuous film of water on the 

are being subjected to a third tes

rate of onefomth inch depth an 

a difference in pressure of 10 pou

between the exposed and unexpos

of the performance of a wall und

ness first appears on the unexpose

amount of water absorbed

With nearly nonabsorptive brie 

was more rapid in the mortar th

absorptive bricks the reverse wa

brick walls was affected to a min

position of the mortars to a some

of the bricks but to a very major 

manship Theree was no consiste

ance of walls with brick facings 

tural clay tile or concrete mas

cement stucco especially those 

metallic soap were quite effectiv

tion of moisture Irrespective of 

units the permeability of the wall

ness of the walls but was influence

mansbip than by any of the other 

In order to obtain information 

of clay products which may h

products more durable measurem

permeability the porosity and 

specimen The average diamete

from these data Measurements 

action indicate that the average 

the number of exposures but ten

Since differential expansion and 

perature may contribute to deteri
NATIONAL BUREAU of STANDARDS 

of thermal expan ionof clay bricks have been deteruni

been found to range between three millionths and sev

per degree centigrade The Smallest value was obtained 

dense and hard brick of fire clay and the largest v

tinderfired highly absorptivee brick made of surface 

CeramicpoblennaOther research in ceramic mate

the use of talc in whiteware bodies the determinat

equilibria in the system soda silica lead oxide and i

lime silica boric oxide studies in glass formation dur

ing of whiteware the thermal behavior of the clay 

action of coal ashes on boilerhouse refractories the 

erties of commercial refractorie at normal and eleva

tures the rate of dimensional changes of fire brick o

ferent compositions under continued load both in tens

pression the development of a test for reflectance of 

Viscous nature of vitreous enamels in the molten sta

for determining the relative solubility of glass tes

number of commercial afety glasses for automobiles 

work on the relation of eonnPo ition to the physical 

nla s

and roi fc In the investigations of cem

crete papers have been published on the workability 

the eilect of prehydration of cement on its heat of h

resistance to aggressive salts the phase equilibria i

liune magnesia ilicaalumina the identification of the 

in Portland cement by means of etched polished sec

flected light the nulc of tho chemical composition 

elution of fraction of cetuents of different grain 

phv ical propertie of a group of S commercial high 

cements The investigations of fhe vibration of con

development of it device for measuring the extent and 

vibration during commercial placement of concrete h

tinued s well t further wort on magne iin po

front the phase equilibria viewpoint on the ideutifi

cou htuent of cement b means of etched surfaces on 

ment of glass aniits effect in portland cement and 

opment of a portable device for measuring the wear 

concrete urfaeeS

The cooperative project of the American Society for 

terial and the Bureau covering the inspection of 

cement testing laboratories and the development of ce

edures has been continued A fourth tour of inspec

completed amt a fifth is in progress The fellowship m

the Portland Cement1so6atlon has continued its s

equilibria attained in port land cement clinker witli p

erence to glass formation and how heat treatment m

These data are being correlated with the properties o

Brwwh 7obo wforie The Bureau has established a 

Seattle Wig h for testing the cement being purchas

Coulee Dam by the Bureau of Reclamation The 

Bureau slaboratory at Denver has been increased to 

the testing of cement for the Austin and Hamilton 

erected in Texas b the Colorado River Authority an

Dan Da i

being constricted in New Mexico by the United S

101602 3 S
76 rtor OF THE S1CRE2 crY or COMMerrC9

Engineers It has also been necessary to increase the sta

branch laboratories at Riverside Calif and Allentown P

care of additional cement testing

SIMPLIFIED PRACTICE

Industries are becoming convinced that it pays to 

superfluous sizes types and varieties of commodities its we

less variations in business methods or practices and they h

that Simplified Practice Recommendations prove benefic

concerned especially when reviewed regularly and revised 

necessary by a representative standing eomnnttee

Continued activity in keeping a Simplified Practice Rec

tion abreast of best practice is as important as the devel

the initial schedule Two of the oldest and best known rec

tions reviewed this year concern asphalt and vitrified pav

These two programs present an interesting contrast in 

change in industrial requirements

The recommendation for paving asphalt which effected 

a 90percent redaction in the number of grades as dete

penetration limits remained unchanged for a period of 

In 1936 this reliable guide for the highway builders was 

include one more limit and substitute it new limit for a

During the 12year period the recommendation had been 

reaffirmed without change

The recommendation for vitrified paving brick is uni

gards the frequenev of revision having been revised all 

10 tithes in 15 vears The accredited standing committee 

annually a precise survey of total shipments to determine 

of adherence to the simplified list of sizes and the basis fo

the list Any variety of pin in brick which shows less 

percent of total shipment for successive years is 

and those which show 5 or more percent of total shipm

successive years are reinstated or added to the recom

Personal opinion does not enter as originally pronnil

recommendation reduced the variety of vitrified paving b

66 sires and tvpes to 11 The first revision carried the redu

Since that time through a succession of revisions the 

retained sizes and types has ranged from 7 to 4 The 13

of this recommendation lists 1 sizes and types

Of the newlydeveloped recommendations two are of 

interest one because of its wide application and the oth

of its special limited field The first is the recommen

mineral aggregates which covers the sizes of crushed sto

and slag and their sphere of uo such as water bound 

bitnminons roadmix and railroad ballast The suggested 

been wide1v used and are now the bases for specificatio

American Elociety for restiug Materials American Conc

tute American association of State Highwav Officials an

eral Specifications Executive Committee The Joint Co

the Mineral Aggregates associations the sponsor of this 

believes the recommendation is fitndtuuentalh importa

industry
SMONAL BURI AU OF STANDARDS 

The other recommendation is for the width of filar 

photography Students technicians librarians and 

found it practical to copy on photographic film miniatu

of records manuscripts books newspapers fragile 

rarely accessible documents of all sorts for the purp

examination and study at places remote from the lo

original data Under conditions imposed by wide t

have found it convenient to adapt to their specialized 

available movie film In consequence cameras and 

devices are being used to till ever increasing extent 

accurate design of essential apparatus is indicated to ins

advancement of this relatively new art Consideration 

aspects of the broad problem is being coordinated to 

necessary equipment may be designed built and distrib

assurance that abrupt changes in method or technique w

the users

Iive new schedules were added daring the wak

164 Simplified Practice Reconnmeudatiolns now effe

same period 33 of the existing reeonunendations were 

affirmed without change and 9 others were revised an

TRADE STANDARDS

The Commercial Shtndaud for Stoddard Solvent C8

or 8 years and now under consideration for revision m

appraised as a typietvl exumple of file value of a commm

to industry In 1927 the dry cleaning industry waa h

erable difficulty with solvent It was the practice of 

to use ordinary motor gasoline for cleansing garnnents 

frequent At the request of the National Association 

Cleaners and with the cooperatrnna of till refiners it com

ard was worked out and established for Stoddard solv

t higher 8a ln point than gasoline and is approximmteh 

kerosene as reards fire hazard it reduces drying time l

ual odor in the ganunent has no corrosive effect oil o

otherwise suits the purpose of the dry cleaner

Officials of the National ociation Institute of Dye

ing report that today practically no motor gasoline is 

responsible dr cleaner that fires are prachca lly unh

insurance rate are materially reduced that with certi

e1Ier of comfo mith to flit 9huidnrd as a card of the 

generally no longer nece aryto pay State taxes on gaso

for refunds later that in tart the standard has wpase

of the proponent at the time of its fornmtlation It is 

the standard has al o stimulated the development of 

which are proving satisfactory

Of the 59 commercial standards accepted and mad

the industries concerned 57 are now available in 

Additional uncompleted projects for the establishment 

standards make a total of 194 active projects of this 

tar vselfrrovernment in industry During the year co

the respective industries at their request resulted ill t

of commercial standards for mohairpile fabrics cast 

mattresses institutional mattresses book cloths oak fl
78 BrrorT OF THE SECRETARY OF CO ENTERC19

elastic fabrics and methods of testing woven dress fab

sions for two standards namely interchangeable ground

and staple vitreouschina plumbing fixtures were similar

Twentyseven conferences were held to pave the way fo

lishment of standardk for mohair pile fabrics dresses 

der garments rockdrill bits rayon underwear rug clea

ture paper boards nickel and chromium plating heav

vegetable nrot v buttons hardwood lumber felt feel oi

Part wool fabrics and woven elastic fabrics

CODES AND

A movement inaugurated by the American Civic Ass

bring about a greater degree of cuoperation among the e

ing agencies of the Federal Government led to the etablis

a Central Housing Conututtee to act as a clearing house 

tion and as a focus for cooperation The Bureau is rep

the eubconnnittee oil design a construction and in mun

nroupn dealing with specific subjects The Central Hou

mittee has designated the Bureau a the appropriate 

technical research in the field of housiiO anit has reconuu

sufficient

investigations

funds be

In

provided

preparing

to

the

enable

program

it to

for

proceed

the inves

teet

the properties of building materials with special refere

dill abihty of materials for lowcost housing all of the 

Federal housing agenciot were consulted sod the 1 rng

Ivas umlcrtalcon received tine endorsement of these age

as well as of tine Central Housinng Conuuittoo

Information available at the Bonus on tine general 

buildin materials is being assemble and 2rrau ed in t

brief digests principally for the guidance of the archite

enginering staff of the varions agencies in the selection o

for use in lowcost housing Eightecu digests have heen 

30 more are in various stages of preparation They hav

tributed npon specific requests to Federal State and lo

mental officials trade associations teelmical staffs of ma

firms educational institutions architects engineers and 

BuNbeg and veleta rodDlemberx of the staff have p

actively ill the wont of the Building Code Correlating 

and tfte Safer Code Correlating Conmiittee of tine 

Standards Associatimn and of numerous committees C

building and safety code work In the orgaunization o

committees fmtctioning under the Building Code Correl

mittee tine Bureau has been called upon continuonsly for 

assistance and has been able to take s leading part be

backgronncl of over 15 years experiencee in dealing wit

codes In connection with plumbing regulations the D

Codes and Specifications has been asked to participate in 

of organization of sectional committee Mork and is as

sponsibility for liaison between the code activities and 

research at the Bureau

During the year there was issued a printed report en

sign and Construction of Building Exits incorporating 

of extensile investigations b tine Bureau in this field 
N1TIONAf BURR AU OF STANDARDS 

of the staff erved as chairimn of a special committe

pletel redrafted the Natioual Electrical Code A sta

served on the editorial committee which revised the S

Elevators Dumbwaiters and Escalators of which th

sponsor

Frteilitatbinq the ise of peelf edtiovsThe lists of s

ply of commodities have been augmented by over 

requests for listing front manufacturers willing to c

pliauce with OG Foderal specifications and 2 commer

thereby increasing the total number of lists to 554 an

to more than 21000 All of the completed lists have 

up to date so that they may he used effectively in co

the Index of federal Specifications issued as a part 

Standard Stock Catalog About 3100 copies of the l

of supply have been distributed upon request to F

county immicipal turd other taxsupported purchasin

StvvJires to St atc and nuni afleneies turd to eae

tttt iruisIliformatioil concerning zoning and building 

codes was sent upon request to more than 20 State 

100 lntmicipal authorities Infornuition relating to b

tices and specifications was supplied to approximate

and colleges and to 7 States and 35 numic ipahties M

with commoclit stimdru dizatiol was sent upon reques

75 municipalities and to State agencies in about 20 

numerous educational institutions

GENERAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT

The amounts and objects of each appropriation for 

year together with disbursements liabilities and bala

appropriation are shmin in the following table

Di36 usoravrllp IirtLilifit Cfr A3G 79n marl lA ppinr

PDropriatlon Total appm Eabnn L

I lrratronsl nlents

1936

Uperatton and adminntrmion MU3 CW W i1d 130 61 x2

Testing tnen and nt r aunv 60 41 29 003 24 72 

sta

d d Research cool tier eluPt lI

155416 10 669 5114 41 

Standards foreenunero 114696 u5 126 7119 

dWich W are ailoblr aaed hle h4en thehumcueru netherer eat deli rornty

Irnar ICa11011 eel 26783 fit 1 195 i2 

vooea

evt om

e

fo ele 36W

3L U4 

E rginv n OI Ev finemet 500 00 6si314 00 

T

Gal ad nn tn erpese nl nq 4000 W 190 Al 

enc fever C ente hd Fa turn 1011533Z 1L 2W OU 515 g8 

Public wororkk Admnraud HI 59 9167 U4 6GO i5 

tauonatnfedroalothen en other ie toenc

nndr smn rc c

more provedtheJunepnntso n30 1932 ofRurkmthe L Fund 314 224 2y 011 

Total 163 I13333 2337 16916 72

total 196Y i1972 325 52 1 uvfi 4 

Total 1 93 1 56 IIV8 lU 1 13 75 b2 

I Includes trro Lam ether dap avuent and oleo reunhvnemevu received a

under the hih o ug footnote

t3918 10696 03222 814 29

4 Transferred to Procurement Die moon Treasury Department 100

Includes on idduor to unoblreated balances impounded mnounts and adm

601 922

BUREAU OF FISHERIES

Available statistics indicate greater activity in the 

fishery industries during the calendar year 1935 than 

several immediately preceding years This was not o

case of procesecl fishery products but also was evident 

for fresh and frozen including packaged fish Aver

the vear advanced for some commodities such advance

shall and frequently prices were lower than in the p

However the industry appeared to be adjusting its

price levels and to be in it generally healthier cond

several years

The dometic commetcral fisheries are conducted nn 

as well as in coastal waters and interior lakes and st

upon available statistics for the calendar year 1934 w

recent detailed catch surveys were made there was a 

in the catch as compared with the prececdinL calendar y

of the catch were collected for both 1933 and 1934 in th

Pacific and Lake States and in Alaska When c

combined catch in throe sections alone an increase of 

the volume and 33 percent in the value of the catch 

While these increases were reflected in each of the fou

and in many specie they were especially im

C

Teasel catches of pilchard mackerel and tuna and inn

ilifornia

Based oil the most recent curves our coil uoercial 

emplo to about 130011 fishermen whose catch 

3950 779 000 pounds valued at4163 000 The out

fisher product in 1934 amounted to 700 1511 000 pou

8002100 representingx an increase of 31 percent i

34 percent in value as compared with 1933 the output 

rcffc valued at 22608 0011 representing an increase of 2

Elio production of frozen 1Lhery products exchuliue p

y

ucts anuam cd to 97290 00 pounds estimated to 

nU0 00

Bared upon the most recent vueys beproduction 

frozen packaged lish and hellfish amounted to 1W5900

tame at 2067000 and cured fish 98141 000 pou

13147 000 It is ctiauuted that about 650 00 po

fisber v prodnetn ex packaged fish and shellf

about ti5000110 Arere unn keted dining 1934 Tb

marketed value of all fi her products to doine tic pri

ill 1934 reached nearly 3200000

Imports of fisher nvuluets for con umption dnrin 

year 1934 were valued at X30 79 00 wbich is I perc

in 1933 while exports were valued at13822 000or 66 

than in the previous year
82 ruoxT or THE sr cm ru or coArnn acr

FISHERY ADVISORY COMMITTEE

During the part fiscal Sear the FiAdvi ory Co

the Secretary of Commerce held unetim in the Cnunoe

ment Building Washington D C on Oetober 31 and 2

Jamrarry 13 and 14 1936 Ilrese were under the chah

E B McGovern vice Bernarr Maefadden resigned

Both of the meetings were well attended by the nwin

committee and others who have been appointed fro

branches of the fishery indush v and related interests 

science medicine and transportation The purpose of the 

is to rive detailed consideratiou to the prohlenry of the urd

a mutual standpoint and to offer recommendation for the 

and development of the general welfare of the fishery in

The committee was especially active in promoting des

eral legislation to aid the industry along the line of mark

nomic research and in conservation and tradepractice m

work of the committee undoubtedly was largely instrume

ing Congress ratify fire socke salmon treaty with Ca

has been pending for several years and which gives pro

dloring to former abundance the great sockeye salmon fis

water contiguous to the State of Washiogton and British 

PROTECTION OF SALMON IN THE COLUMBIA RI

The Colombia River supports one of the most import

fisheries on the Pacific coast Owing to the intensive f

the month of the river and in adjacent areas at sea the 

agriculture and forestry and the impending industrial d

of the region these valuable fisheries are being menaced b

ditions inimical to natural propagation of the fish Hence 

ration of the fishery depends upon careful manageme

coordination of various demands on the Columbia water

the conflicting requirements Complete management of 

bia River fisheries includes 1 the regulation of the 

fishery to permit adequate escapement of spawning fish 

surance of free access to their natural spawning arras 

habitation b natural or artificial propagation or tran

of formerly productive spawning areas 4 the exclusio

tion from nursery areas and 5 the assurance of free re

young to the sea without loss from irrigation works or h

plants

A comprehensive investigation of these various field

years ago involves a statistical stuck of the annual a

fluctuation in the abundance of the important species o

tributing to the commercial fisheries Records since 189

made available through the cooperation of the comme

interests on the river and these have been tabulated an

analyzed during the year to provide evidence of suspecte

of certain elements of the fish population

A comprehensive program of stream survey has been 

contributing information on 1 the total area of prese

spawning grounds in each tributary 2 the location of 

available 3 the location of former spawning areas now 
BUREAU OF FISHERIES 

or rendered inaccessible 4 the sources of pollution 

ber and location of irrigation canals and their effect 

fishes 6 the location of natural and artificial obs

their effect as barriers to upstream migration and 7 

status of the salmon populations in the river system 

tributaries of the Cohumhia River in eastern Washingt

in the lower section have been surveyed during the 

100 miles of tributary streams

Ili order to gage the size of populations of salmon 

artificially propagated after their mim ation is finally 

Grand Coulee Dam courting weirs have been estab

of the tributaries below the chit and observers have 

at the llorl Islvrrl Dam to count the fish passing 

Throu these studies it has brcome apparent that 

ladders at the Rock Island Dam are inadequate to 

passageway without serious delay and hence on recom

the Bureau of Fisheries it third fish ladder has bee

in time to care for the mourner migrants of 1936

s a part of the entire program for the protection of 

River salmon but conducted as it separate project th

been engaged for over 2 wars in all intensive study o

ments of fish protection at the Bonneville Dam on the 

bia River working in cooperation with the United St

and the State fish and amte departments Detaile

fish protection works embodying an improved type o

ladder and hvdranlic lifts oP locks have been prepare

reconumexlations were submitted to the War Departm

1931 fter prolonged consideration the War Departm

the plan for fihivays that for the greater part follow

mendations of the Bureau

During the fi Year just cloud in addition t

derailed designs outlined ill the general plan and ren

mki md supervision dtu intheir construction the 

has been mainly concerned with devising temporar

t

Alord free pa to uJailiting salmon daring the p

rtction of the main dam anl powerhouse Ill the 

work many diflicnities arose from unn flood stage

nd plan have been altered frequently and tempora

adopted In general however adequate protection ba 

the lints of migrating ti during the spring mont

elaborate protective measures have been adopted by the 

engineers

SOCKEYESALMON TREATY

After almost 40 veal of consideration and discusio

the protection of the sockeye salmon of Fraser Ricer w

the I sited States Seuaty um June 15 1936 with certa

ihic are bcliev to be acceptable to Canadian in

treaty signed in 1930 and ratified by Canada in the 

vide for an international fisheries commission of six m

on the part of the Inited States and three on the pa

The commission is charged with the duty of makinb e

tigations of the natural history of sockeye salmon r
84 ftisrottT OF THE auumc irt of COMITERCF

Ricer and is granted authority to regulate the stlutou 

international and territorial waters through which F

sockeye salmon bass oil their spawning migration

Although the reservations to this treaty corrr rleteiv nul

ulatm yauthority of the commission for it period of 8 re

which time scientific investigations shall be conducted it 

it forward step has been taken to protect thi resource 

declined rapidly since 1913

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

New construction hiring the Year has been confined 

tirely to fish cultural stations During the early part 

the Works Progress Administration allotted funds for 

of new fish cultural ubstations at I7valde Tes Stunt a Ro

and Smokentont N C in the Great Smoky Mountain Na

Active construction was initiated in November and the N

project was completed b the close of the fiscal year In 

lina the new hatchery was placed on it producing basis 

full completed In hews work progressed very fav

mmhremained to be done at the end of the fiscal veal

In addition the Bureau supervised the construction 

facilities where the work was being performed by other ag

the intent of having the operation taken m cr by the B

completion Such projects were located at 11afhalla 3 

sponsorship of file Forest Service at Norris Daur in 

with T V A authorities and at Hoffman N C the s

settlement Administration project The last two units 

ready for operation at the close of the fiscal year In 

this local 11 P A agencies sponsored projects compris

larl entent and improvement of several of the Bureau s

including those at Rochester Incl Natchitoches La tied 

Wis and in the Lipper Mississippi Wild Life and Fish 

Development work also continued at the York Pond N

shire brood trout station labor and uurterials being furnis

Emergency Conservation organization and the 11 1 A 

provements were effected at the Lamar Pa hatchery t

assignment of C C C workers

Comparatively little maintenance or improvement wo

performed under the regular appropriations ime it w

to devote these fturds to the production of fish

CONSERVATION OF WHALES

All act to give effect to the Multilateral Convention fo

lation of Whaling concluded at Geneva September 21 

ore the part of the United States March 31 1932 and wh

effective January 16 19ti was approved by the Preside

1 1926 The administration of the act rests jointly with 

tary of Treasury and the Secretary of Coururerce each 

charged with specific duties Enforcement matters in 

to he carried on by the Coast Guard iuul Custom Ser

Treasury Department and the licensin features and c

tatisticai and biological data are to be performed by 

of Fisheries of the Department of Commerce
BCRI kl OF FISHERIR3 

The wbale fisheries by United States vessels are pros

off the coasts of Alaska and California with one ves

York conducting operations off tile coal of Australia

EXHIBITS AT EXPOSITIONS

During the past fiscal tear the Bureau displaced exh

its activities at expositions in San Diego Calif Dal

Cleveland Ohio The main feature of the exhibits at 

expositions included a painte lbackground of an outdo

foreground consisted of rocks bashes and plants gro

a pool of water stocked with warnwafer fishes such 

bream The main feature at the Cleveland Exposition w

ica diorama depicting the effect of thermal conditions 

on the pro ecution of the commercial fishery Those 

financed by a portion of the special allotment grante

agencies by Congress for participation in the exposit

COOPERATION WITH STATE AND EDUCATIONAL IN

In the conduct of its statistical research work some 

eration is given the Bureau ill almost every State whe

fishing is prosecuted This cooperation on statistical w

ably reached its greatest development in the Lake Stat

Coast States and in faryland and Virginia

In tine technological work of the Bureau many State 

cooperated in placing at the Bureau s disposal their 

members of their scientific stall for the conduct of th

tions Among the institutions cooperating in this w

State Medical College Charleston S C Massachuse

lege Amherst Mass Iac avhusetts State Departmen

ture Boston lass George Washington University 

D C Cornell T niversih Ithaca V Y Washington 

Pullman Wah University of Washington Seattle 

versitn of Maryyland and tfne Maryland State Agricul

ment Station College Park d and 11estel IMary

Westminster Md

There are numerous informal agreements and arra

effect whereby the Bureau and the States cooperate in 

of hatcheries distribution of fish and related fields S

ment covers the wort at the York pond New Hamp

located in the White Mountain National Forest and 

Burean sPut in Bay Ohio hatchery

The Burean Wkite Sulphur Springs 11 Va sta

thmed to be a ounce of raw material intile form of tro

are transferred to the State rearing projects

Indiana and Ohio have again depended upon the Bu

linlitcd number of trout required for the maters of tbo e 

the best ranch of the cooperation is connected with the 

tront eggs

Review of Federal applications by4tate authorities a

tion of distribution is mm su k a routine matter as 

Special comment

Field studiee on fishing and stream conditions have be

in it ntnuber of widely separated localities In New H
86 REPUar OF TRb srmrrnri 01 C011111 PCi

legislature has established a series of test streanis ill wh

mental plantings of canon specie of trout have been 

careful heck of the results of these plants has been obtain

a s of anglers reports A similar test stream has 

ob in Virginia to determine the production 

trout in relation to the nnuaber of fish planted and the ab

natural food In Califomin stmt s of a number of s

lakes in the high Sierras and ill the coastal region hat

ducted in cooperation with the titan authorities Parti

tion has been given to the ioanagrmcnt of rim of nca

in coastal streams and no the lmjWr stocking and tuai 

nuauitnin streams Bonus have boon directed toward t

Of more heavily fished waters With fish lar rthan those 

used and a strain of nonmigratnt vrninbola front is bein

at the esperintental hatchery

COOPERATION WITH OTHER FEDERAL AGENCI

various members of the technological economic and 

staifs of the Bureau have assisted other Federal agencie

work or studies of such agencies required information or 

cerning tile fishery b abnstry The Bureau also has co

collection of statistics of cold etorage holdings of fish in 

with the Burean of Agricilhoral hkonrnnius Da partme

Wture the collection of data oil laudimar at the Mun

Wharf and Market in Washington ll C in cooperatio

District health authorities and the cnll Hon of statis

quarterly

C

production and holdings of fish oils for the Bu

eusns Studies were conducted in cmemiioi with 

of Chemistry and Soils and the Food and Drug Adtuiu

connection w the development of standards for bali

as required in the administration of the ATOM Food an

Iscell Olt cooperative relations have been maintained w

agencies concerned with the admini tration of wildlife 

supporting wildlife

i Boman has assisted the Icunesacc valiev lnthor

ing out a general program of fisheries conservation and 

ltss supervised the construction of a sunall hatchery at S

supplcmentinI this by allotting a mmiber of misjume

front the Marion Ala hatchea c

The Resettlement Administration has constructed a tirs

bmchea vat its Hoffman N C project and operating re

was beifig assumed by the Bureau at fit close of the ye

Even closer contact has been developed with the Po

and there has been an expansion in the numbs of fish r

in national forest holdings Plans have been develo

Elephant

provision

Butte

of fish

Reservoir

cultural facilities

in Arizona

at the Bureau ofes

The work of maintaining good tsliho in nationalpar

been prosecnted Vigorously with the sympathetic coope

National Park Service

Cooperation with the United States Forest Service in 

ment of fishing waters during the past year has been v
PWMR AU OF FISHERIES 

despite limited ftntd and per onnel on the part o

I7nder the terms of the cooperative agreement with the 

ice the Bureau of Fisheries assumes responsibility f

research necessary for the development of a comprehe

of fish management for waters of the national fores

activities in this field have been concerned with the 

of streams and with providing feeding and resting ar

At the end of the last fiscal year the Pureau conduct

school in Utah and North Carolina for stream tech

Forest Service These technicians then undertook an 

gram of stream conditioning in the various national 

yobstructions the efforts of various the Civilian knds Conservation that interferedCorps with int

of fish the planting of shade trees to protect and beaut

and the correction of the ravages of deforestation a

installing clams and deflectors to control the water flow 

resting pools for trout and improved feeding and sp

In view of Urgent need for further information on 

stream improvement and of other means of improvin

ditioas in the national forest arrangements were ma

her of experimental projects to be carried on in coo

the Forest Service and nt some cases with State conserv

Iu addition to the establishment of test streams in V

projects have been established in the Pisgah Natio

North Carolina and in the Big Levels Game Man

of the George Wa National Forest of West V

ALASKA FISHERIES SERVICE

ADMISLTRAIRIS OF FI 41F RT IAvo K AND HEG01

The control of commercial fishing in Alaska to assn

nance of the fisheries reources on a Inaxinntni settle o

was continued in accordance with the authority vested 

tary of Cmunionv by the act of June 6 1924 Partic

was given to securing an escapement of at least 50 

salmon runs in all localitie a proportionately large

servc was required wliere evidences of depletion were 

Becau eof the recurrent carcity of red salmon in 

Bristol I3av region in calendar years divisible by five t

issued for 193 prohibited commercial fishing in tha

the season advanced however larger runs appeared tha

ticipated and certain waters were opened for limited 

July 3 A few other modifivat ions of existing regulatio

durmg the seaon among which was the curtailment of 

part of southeast Alaslza where there had been an inad

ment from the earlier runs of breeding salmon to 

rounds

Under the revised regulations issued on February 8 

trap sites were open than in the preceding year the 

easun was lengthened in several districts additional 

opened to gill nets and in the Cook Inlet area there 

ing of the required distance interval between gill nets 
88 REPORT or rrte ar Car tror COADIFRCE

tection was provided for the Lenin ill onthea tAlaska 

crab fisherv

Twelve retnlar and 170 tentporae veutployees in add

crews of 1 vessel of the Bureau and 2 chartered vess

pated in the patrol of the fishing rrouuds bartered air

us for a supplementar patrot ill southeasl ulel cen

chiefly during the Iveelcl closed periods and Tot tmprc

spawning grounds and general supervi ion of the Bureas

IDiolmneal studies of the life histories of the Pacific 

herring were continued Tatting experiments were co

southeast Alaska to develop additional information ret

tratimt routes of pink salmon and herring Weirs for c

escapement of spawnili salmon were operated in 11 typ

streams as a meats of determining the ratio of escape to 

also to provide data needed in scientific investigations

itsofar as practicable in connection with their patrol ch

muds removed log jams Old other ubstivctions that h

pasture of salmon to the spawning tronnds Further im

in the natural pro of salmon was accomplished 

localities by the taking of predatory trout destructive to s

ld ftv lit addition to the appropriation by the Territ

lature and Ctributioils from local salmon packers fo

pose an allotment was made by the Works Prooress Adm

froul funds available ender the Emergency Relief Ap

Act of 195 which permitted an exlcn prodatorc f

program in the Bristol 13ay district in the 193536 seas

were provided also b that administration for repairing 

vacs at Naknek n d for the conctrttction of a fish ladde

stream improvement in southeast Alaska fhe total e

from the W P A allotment an punted to approximately 

Ilie Conunissiouer of Fisheries was in Alaska during 

part of August for personal observation of fisbely activitie

operations

in the season

ill Alaska

Deputy

both

Commissioner

in respect

Jackson

to the fisheries

inspected

and

th

t

Islands furseal indmstrc

ALASKA SALMON 1lYlVlilltls

Only one salmon hatchery was operated in Alaska 

Year at Hnth 4mith Lake in the southeastern district 

tion of 3438 000 red salmon eggs was made in 1935 f

32531 000 fry were produced and liberated in Alaska wate

rate of 40 cents for each 1000 red or king salmon frv 

as provided by the Alaska Fisheries Act of June 215 1906 

of this hatchery therefore were entitled to a rebate of 

license fees aId taxes on their catch and pack of salmon

PRODUCTS OF THE FISIIMOF

While the quantity of Alaska fishery product in 193E 

siderably less than the record output of the previous ye

pared favorably with the average level of production 

feature of the 1935 season was the exceptionally small p

salmon mint to comparatively light runs of this specie 

districts and especially to curtailment of operations in 
BF11i AF ofsi HERIFS 

Bay area in an effort to stabilize the future Yield in 

The suspension of operations for several weeks in the C

region as a result of price disagreements between packe

men also was a factor in limiting the season output o

The total number of canneries operated decreased from 

to 99 in 1935

Salmon products comprised approximately 72 percen

and 88 percent in value of the total output o the Ala

in 1935 About 94 percent of the salmon products 

canned salmon the pack amounting to 518322 cas

25768436 Red salmon represented 16 percent and pin

of the total pack of canned salmon as compared wit

and 51 percent respectively in 1934

Operations in the herring industry were marked by 

pansion in the manufacture of meal and oil a number 

plants having been opened for the first time in the Ko

The production of Scotch cured herring was store than 

1934 Landings of halibut credited to the Alaska fleet 

considerably less than in the preceding year Both the 

value of whale products increased although fewer 

taken than in 1934 there was also an increase in several 

fishery products inclntling clam and shrimp

The total output of Alaska fihery products in 1935 

000 pounds valued at w31 231000 as compared with a ye

of 376 193 000pounds valued at 3407900 for the 5 rear 

1930 to 1934 inchusive The w clue of the 1935 catch to 

was approximately8703 00 or about 30040 less 

preceding year There kkere 22620 persons employed in 

branches of the fisheries as against 26190 in 1934

ALASKA FURSEAL SERVICE

exHRkL ICaTPITIEs

With the continued growth of the Pribilof Islands f

under Government management the number of surphu

available for commercial use ha gradually increased 

take of sealskins was the largest in 46 years A staff of 

plovers directed sealing operations performed by nalives 

rlofs and by approxi nateiy 80 temporary laborers from 

Peninsula and Aleutian Islands The Fouke Fur Co 

Flo sent 23 of its men to assist with the work parti

the blubbering of sealskins on tit Paul Island Most 

on the island are taken by the stripping process which 

the removal of blubber before curing

In 1935 the byproduct plant oil St Paul Island was 

the first time since it wva reconditioned and equipped 

machinery in 1931 About 78 tons of meal and 19000 

oil were produced limited quantities of which were ret

ilands for fox feed The bulk of the meal was shi

States for use as fish food at hatcheries of the Bureau 

woe cold in Seattle to the highest bidder

Besides the usual upkeep and repair of buildings and 

new sclroolbouse on St George Island was completed 

beginning of the fall term and extensions of improved 
90 REPOI T OF THIS SECRETARY OR COMME

f

made on both islands to facilitate the hauling of seals

killing fields to the curing stations

The Navy Department detailed the U S S Sirias 

the annual supplies to the Pribilofs and to briny ou

take of sealskins Valuable cooperative service was p

by the Coast Guard in maintaining a patrol for the 

fur seals during their northward nligration and at 

Islands

Fifteen percent of the sealskins taken on the Pribil

1935 were delivered to the Dominion of Canada as pro

North Pacific Sealing Convention of 1911 The Go

Japan also is entitled to 15 percent of the annual take 

its share from the net proceeds after the processed skin

public auction

Two hundred and one sealskins taken by the Japanese 

Oil Robben Island in 1935 were allotted to the Unit

accordance with treaty provisions They were received 

Fur Co selling agents of the Department at St Lo

January 2 1936

SL XL m

As of August 10 1935 the compiue lnumber of m

Pribilof Islands furseal herd was1550 ltt an increas

or 342 percent over the corre pouding figure for 19134

TAKE of SHALSKINS

In the calendar year 1935 there were taken oil the Pri

57296 furseal skins of which 45824 were from St 

and 11472 from St George Island his is an incre

over the number taken in 1934

SALE OF SEALSRIS

Two public auction vales of furseal skins taken on 

Islands were held at St Loris Mo in the fiscal yea

September 16 1935 11869 black dyed 11831 Safari 

650 lo brown dyed and 79 miscellaneous skills w

569 708 10 At the same time 125 Safari brown dyed 

salted Japanese furseal skins Avere sold for2a

cated fur seal skins parchments for 69 The Japanes

been allotted to the United States as Its hare of such 

in 1934

At the second sale held on April 27 1936 9721 black 

Safari brown dyed and 498 logwood brown dyed skin

for 600 77 25 Af the same time 171 Safari brown dy

alid dried and 29 unhaired and dressed Japanese fu

were sold for4814 75 These 201 skins were the U

Government sshare of sealskins taken by the Javanese 

on Robben Island in 1935 There was sold also 1 confisc

skin raw salted for 1

Special sales of Pribilof Islands sealskins authorized 

retary of Commerce in the fiscal year 1936 cousisted o

dyed 1274 Safari brown ed and 2i exhibition skin

of 51377 92
BUREAU OF FISHEILIES 

FOXES

The herds of blue foxes on St Paul and St George Isl

little care and produce sizable yields of pelts each year 

meat and prepared rations are fed to the animals durin

months when the supply of natural food is scarce

In the 123536 season 220 blue and 9 white fox skins w

St Paul Island and 729 blue and 6 white skins on St G

a total of 1034 Six foxes trapped oil St Paul Island 

St George Island were marked and released for bre

The reserve includes also many animals that did not en

The 983 blue and 19 white fox skins taken in the 19

were sold at public auction in the fiscal year 1936 Th

brought 24952 50and the white X304 a total of 25

FUIt SE1L SKINS TkKEN BY NATIVES

under the provisions of the North Pacific Sealing C

1911 aborigines of the Pacific coast may take seals at sea 

methods The sealskins thus obtained must be auth

Government officials before they call enter into commerc

her of sealskins taken and authenticated in 1935 was 9

59 were secured by natives of southeast Alaska 75 b

Washington and X41 b natives of British Columbia

FUR SELPATROL

A patrol for the protection of the Alaska fur seal he

tained by vessels of the United States Coast Guard s

in the spring by two of the Bureau sfishery patrol vessel

PaOTECTION OF SEU O1MEswLRITSFS 1Nn SE 7IO

Walruses and sea lions in Alaska may be taken und

conditions but the killing of sea otters is prohibited at 

In 1930 four residents of the Kodiak Island region w

Valdez and convicted of illegal killing of sea otters in 

veal Several sea otter skins which they had taken we

by the Bureau during the rear for sale at public auction 

ment account

PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD AND G

In listing an output of6130 00 eggs and fish f

hatcheries during the liscal year 1936 there mist be e

to the exact nat ore of this summary The foregoing figu

a ulaxuuuul production from Federal hatcheries for a

since their establishment It is an increase of over 3 bil

of the 5 billion produced last year However the gre

this increase is represented solel by eggs and fry of 

species handled at three of the hatcheries in the E

In fact 631 billion cod haddock Pollock and winter i

produced here This work involves both the incubation 

at tile hatcheries and the planting of the fertilized egg

the spawning grounds by spawn takers who have been p

101602369
92 REPORT OF THIS SECRETARY OF COMALERC

the commercial fishing vessels for fill purpose of salvag

as may be obtained from the conuncrcial catch This 

product recovery is a relatively inexpensive contribution 

tenance of the important New England shore fisherie

increases in output were recorded for other varieties 

game fish

Owing to the large total the relative percentage 

produced at the Federal hatcheries will be lower tha

but the actual number is in excess of the output of last 

reflected in an increase in the distribution of larger fish 

from 133 600 0to 157 000 There was no deviation 

various species propagated As heretofore trout eggs 

to the States wherever there was a surplus beyond the 

of the Bureau shatcheries

110P0ATIO xOF COMMERCIAL SPECIES

11larine species Atlan tin coa etthere has been cite

idle record breaking production of cod haddock 

flounder derived from the three hatcheries located at B

bor Maine Gloucester Mass and Woods Hole Mas

onehalf billion eggs were planted oil the spawning gro

ance being transported to the hatcheries to be incuba

tributed as fry The Woods hole Mass station hand

number of mackerel in addition to the species mentione

Pae ffc sahnonIlatehery operations With the sa

Pacific coast were sontowbat more stimessful than lur

most gratifying increase was achieved ill the productio

salmon Clue to the excellent e g collections in the Co

territory Also the distribution of 17 million su

brought the output of this species tip to normal A fe

salmon were handled but there Was a regression in th

of the churl salmon which however is the least valuab

Species

Anadromous spemhs Atlantic roaetAn output of 12 

fry was substantially the saute as the output of the p

Distribution of a Million and one half Atlantic salmon 

increase for this valuable species which is Making a g

back in the State of Maine Fellow peach fry were prod

numbers at the Potomac River hatcher though fewe

produced the previous year Effort was made to hatch 

pond fish hatchery at Harrison Lake Va but condition

vorable Shad cultural operations in South Carolina i

with the State failed to reach the usual magnitu

extremely adverse weather condition

Com Inereial specics iIttrrior watclw Tllis type of f

prosecuted oil a relatively limited scale at the present ti

over 5 million whitefish fry Were planted and less than 

trout and a limited number of lake herring were distrib

become extremely difficult for the Cape Vincent N Y 

obtain a supply of eggs of these species and the Dulut

lion is only able to obtain scattering quantities durin

fishing season The two Michigan hatcheries closed 

have remained inactive At the Pnt in Bay Ohio sta
BUREAU OF FISHERIES 

conducted on a joint basis with the State The Bureau 

collection of eggs which are incubated at the State ha

distribution records therefore do not figure in the Burs

The federal hatchery at Iut in Bay hatched over 50

perch during the spring months however

Game speciesThe legion of sportsmen throughout th

be glad to know that the Federal hatchery system pro

number of several of the more popular varieties Th

2 or 3 years hence will benefit by an increase in the 

steelhead salmon rainbow trout and particularly la

smallmouth black bass Production of the latter w

more than 5i million which is still inadequate in vi

mendous denranrd for tie premier warurwater game fi

varieties of pond fish such as crappie sunfish etc 

tributed in increased numbers A problem which 

the need for greater hatchery production of game fish 

tion of several years of effort in the building of arti

recreation power flood control and water storage Th

tial fishing areas presented a new demand for hatch

time when production was already insufficient to me

requirements

alsornrer rrio s

In connection with the administration of fisheries 

Upper Mississippi Wildlife Refuge the usual resc

work was carried on in the sloughs during the late sum

fall Fortythree million seven hundred thoisand fish 

While this was a decline of almost 4 million under the 

precious year it approximates the normal average 

work

The construction of the foot channel in the Mis

through this area is affecting the rescue operations 

and ultimately will render such wort unnecessary 

As heretofore the great majority of the fish rescued 

directly to the river Most of the shipments to oth

beim made from fish specially propagated in co

located at advantageous points in the refuge

FISHERY INDUSTRIES

ECONOMIC AND iAHKETISG INVEsrinATipS

donned fo ecaiion irfiehcry e oeveysA manual 

during the Year to ail lihery management officials t

nomics and others in making studies of fisherN econo

sist of schedules for obtaiuin Lprimp market inform

tions for mahin surveys sample forms for use ill 

data awl instructions for tabulating

lrn2 tqof Ji clr hatoh ll jood 111d e fee dinq nvedv

made bt the Burenn hrri o the year showed tha

operators used 11l0o pounds of fish food va

608 00 during 1934 Threefourths of the v011111

Such packinghouse products as animal livers hearts 

mal organs Ilowever fishery products comprised a l
94 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COTI1ffiERCE

the fish foods used by commercial hatcheries since they 

able at about one third the cost of meat and dairy produ

The oyster arid oyster indast ryA popular pnblicatio

was prepared by the 13urean during the fiscal year It c

salient factors as the biology of the oyster methods of 

handling its food value and recipes for preparing it fo

Cooperative anrketiig Under authority of au act 

associations of producers of aquatic products approve

1934 a cooperative marketing unit was established ill the 

fisheries in October 1935 This unit has conducted ytu

prevalence of fishery cooperatives in the country State 

pertaining to such associations the nature and extent 

fishery cooperatives and cooperative activities ill foreig

A publication outlining the methods for orpauizing and 

ing fishery cooperative marketing associations also wan p

dissemination to interested parties

STATIS CIOAL INVESTIGATIONS

CIJHERIEB OF TILE UNITED MAWS CALYND L YEAR 1

New Eiig7and StatesNo complete statistical survey 

mercial fisheries of this area was inade for 1934 The tot

of fish however by American fishing vessels at B

Gloucester Mass and Portland Maine amounted to 

Pounds valued at7882 000an increase of 18 pereent 

and 21 percent in value as compared with the preceding 

Middle Atlantic atesNo complete survey was m

area for 1931 A survey made of the shat fishery of t

River for 1934 showed 322 fishermen engaged and a catch 

pounds of shad valued at 36000a decrease of 16 percen

and 12 percent in value as compared with 1933

Chesapeake Bait States During 1934 the conunereial 

Maryland and Virginia employed 20591 fishermen T

amounted to 289 01100 pounds valued at 5943000a

of 6 percent in volume and 17 percent in value as com

the previous year The shad and alewife fisheries of th

River were prosecuted by 564 fishermen who caught 5600

of shad valued at 48000 and 202800 pounds of alew

at 16000

South Atlan fic and Gulf StatesThe commercial f

North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Alab

sissippi Louisiana and Texas during 1934 employed 28

men Their catch amounted to 447 914 000 pounds val

994 000an increase of 49 percent in volume and 55 perce

as compared with 1932 which is the most recent previou

which a survey was made in this section

Pacific Coast CtatesThe commercial fisheries of Wh

Oregon and California in 1934 employed 19232 fisherm

catch amounted to 154602 00 pounds valued at 19500

increase of 80 percent in volume and 43 percent in val

pared with 1933 The total catch of halibut by United 

Canadian vessels amounted to 4601800 pounds valu
1 tnrAil OF FISHLRIEs 

963 000an increase of less than one half of 1 perc

and 15 percent in value as compared with the prece

Lake StalesIn 1934 the Lake fisheries Lakes 

Huron Michigan and Superior Namakan and Ra

Lake of the Woods of the United States and Can

12418000 pcnnds of fishery products Of the tot

States accounted for 96411 000 pounds valued at 

increase of 29 percent ill volulue and 26 percent in valu

with the United States catch in the previous year The 

of the united States gave employment to 7579 fishe

llieLecippRi rraand triLv nriesNo complete surv

mercial tsherics of the Alississippi River and tributaries 

1934 Tile catch of Lake Pepin and Lake Izeokuk a

sippi liiver between these two lakes in 1934 amounte

pounds valued at 207 00a decrease of 3 percent 

11 percent ill value as compared with the yield of th

in 1913

MANI FATRD PRUDE IN IV 111E 1I IED A1 TE8 AND ALASKA 0V1

Prr eh and fro n parka qed fishery productsBase

recent available data the domestic production of fre

packaged lishery products amounted to 105900 

at 520 6800 Important connuoclities in this grou

shucked ousters x207 00 gallons valued at71100

haddock 3606600 pounds valued at3401 00 an

crabaneat174 000 pounds valued at1904 00

Pro en podnc tsThe production of frozen fishe

1934 amounted to 133 494 000pounds estimated to be v

12000 The volume of tine production was 39 p

than in 1933 the most important products frozen we

halibut alnnan mackerel and whiting

Cocd produrtBased on the most recent data 

domestic production of cured fishery products amounte

pounds valued at sl3047MO Important products 

were smoked saltuon x321 000 pounds valued at230

cured aluwn 9829 000 pounds valued at1841 000 

cod 3993 000 pound valued at1637 000

Ca Ined pCanned fishery products prod

amounted to 700 1570 pounds valued at 8002100

of 31 percent in vohune and 31 percent in value as 

1933 Cannel almon alone amounted to 402 386 000 

at 45318 000 Other important canned products were 

like fishes sardines shrimp mackerel clam product

Byptwdu 1During 1934 the value of the produc

byproducts amounted to X22 608 00an increase of 

compared with the preceding year Important pro

group were marine animal oils and meals and aquatic 

TECIiNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Technological research in the fisheries covers a bro

necessarily involves the sciences of chemistry engine
96 REPORT OF TILE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

ology pharmacology and general food technology towa

velopment of new processes and methods the salvage of w

ucts and toward the more complete utilization of the fis

vest Such investigations by the Burea technological 

included the study of many problems in connection with the 

tion of fishery products for food in determining the role 

in preservation and decomposition in pharmacological 

the metabolism of the mineral constituents of fishery produ

preservation of fishery byproducts in the nutritive value 

products and in fish cookery

Preservation of fishery products for food Studies in 

include au expansion of the knowledge of the chemistry o

ervation and spoilage the development of eleclronLetric 

determining the freshness of various fish methods for sm

studies of rancidity in fish the chemical composition of fis

and the development of methods for canning aquatic fo

problem of the rancidity of the oil or fat in such fat

mackerel has been an acute one wherever it has been necessa

these fish for any substantial period of time Various 

antioxidants are being tested to determine their possible 

preventing or retarding the rancidity whieh develops in 

under commercial storage conditions This work has not 

to a point where definite recommendations can be made as 

electrometric test for determinin the relative freshness 

been published for haddock and has hven worked out fo

pollocic The importance of fish proteins in the diet is d

by the kinds and amounts of amino acids which make up fli

composition of such proteins This work is of fundamen

tance and it is hoped that sufficient progress will be ma

issuance of a publication by next year Purim the pas

Bureau has published a report on the canning of aquatic 

Bacter ological studThese investigations include th

ment of disinfectants for sponges for household use bac

examinations of experimentally canned fishery products a

of the role of bacteria in the preservation and decompositi

Phar7n acological studiesThis is a new and extremely 

investigational field as far as fishery products are conc

includes a study of the role of the mineral constituents 

products in the metabolism of man and his domestic anim

eral publications on this word have been issued b the Bure

the past year covering the metabolism of arsenic and copp

occur naturally in fish and shellfish

Prescrvotio iof fbyproductsThe Bureau stec

investigations in this field have been of great value to th

tural industry as such fishery byproducts as fish oil and 

are unexcelled animal feedstuffs Fish oils and fishlive

not only vitally important as a source of vitamins for us

cine and human nutrition but are essential to the poultr

as a source of vitamin P to replace the inadequacy of suns

meal is a splendid protein concentrate used in mixed feed

ous farm animals This product also is used in fertilizers 

during the past year in this field has consisted in the im

of methods for manufacturing these products and in th

ment of new products
nvIn AU OF FISHERIES 

Nu tritivc value of aquatic products Studies hi t

have included determination of the vitamin potency o

liver oils of the development of menhaden fish oil fo

menhaden fish meal in cattle feed studies of the nut

Mackerel the biological value and digestibility of fish 

studies of the mineral constituents in fishery products 

have been issued on these various products

Fish cookeryWork in fish cookery has consisted i

ment and testing of it variety of recipes for preparing 

fish There is it great need for work in this field a

housewife knows little concerning the possible varieties 

of fishery products A new cools book published b

about a veal ago proved very popular and over 60000 

publication have been distributed in cooperation w

ndustry

BIOLOGICAL FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS

Biological investigations of the fishery resources for

tion of all conservation policies and recommendation

rrui of Fisheries When lie Bureau was first establ

vestip atious to discover the conditions and trend of 

fisheries the causes for it decline in the supply o

had been rioted and the devising of corrective measure

fnmctions of Ilse organization and these activities still 

Of the mo timportant lwawhe of its work During 

investigations organized on it codinning bavis are 

vtarily with 1 the tracing or foretellingof natur

iii abiodance of the important commercial species 2 

nu nt of interior waters nieludiug tits stockin of lake

frith the most desirable food and game fishes tit a 

with the productive capacity of the various waters 

mental control to increase productive capacity and w

of the catch to assure masimnun production and th

of

ut

modern methods of water farming as applied to 

iustrv

ISPEeTIGATk SOF COMMERCIAL FISMS

Sath awl Diddle Wmtfic Mery inveetigation sI

and iiliddle Atlantic haddock mackerel squeteague 

and the flounder scup sea bass and related species 

shore fishery and in the Southern winter trawl fishery 

ject of study With the upturn of fish prices during 

to the fishing business in the North Atlantic section ha

Vessels tied up during the previous Sears have been pla

and new onus are bein built while the etficiency of s

has been increased by additional motorization Sp

neglected or reardecf as trash fish such as the ros

sail robin are being utarketed in rapidly increasing qu

Observations on the condition of the resource during 

indicate that the supply of haddock the most valuabl

tant speeies in the North Atlantic fishery generally re

compared with the abundance prevailing 10 to 15 years 

the stock of Georges Bauk and of the South Channel 

most productive grounds apparently has increased so
98 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COIMEMCP

the previous year Grounds for apprehen ionconcerning 

of the resource still exist as the production from areas ne

can ports has suffered a disastrous decline loreover t

from ports to rounds now most productive increases 

Production

The analysis of the commercial landings of the badc1

during recent years based on personal interviews with ca

size and aac analysis of the population sIampled by the 

fisher vield qualitative data remuding a change in 

Hann ered by a lack of adequate personnel or sufficient fu

been impnssfble heretofore to study these changes quantit

is essential to discover chaugrs in the rate of natural re

and to evaluate as early as possible the abundance of you

year classes below marKetable size as well as the natural r

tality During the past 2 years the I3nrean has bad no ves

of nuking observations on the fishing grounds hence one 

urgent requirements of effective studv of the commercia

this xud other regions is a sea going research vessel the c

of which was authorized by Congress in 1934 but for which 

priations have been provided

Mackerel in the North Atlantic area is at it hi level of 

mainly as a result of the unusually productive spawning 

1930 1931 and 1933 Progress has been made in discm

annual variations in natural reproduction which determin

ber of mackerel in the sea and hence the success of the 

fishery Predictions of the yield for the followings year 

issued with increasing accuracy at the begirnnin of each 

the past 9 years and a comprehensive account of the maj

of the biology of the mackerel that explains its startling va

yield has been prepared for publication

During 1935 the commercial yield of mackerel reached 

pounds the record for the present eenturv However 

decade ending 1935 the average annual yield way 41 millio

which contrasts poorl with the average of 80 million p

duced during the decade ending 1885 lnventi ations h

that these remarkable changes in yield are caused mainly 

in abundance of mackerel and only secomlorily by variati

rate of fishing or by extensive migrations of the fish Fur

been learned that the changes in abundance are tile to g

ences from one year to another in the number of youn ma

survive to reach commercial size

Inve Wnitions of the fisheries of the Dliddle Atlantic Sta

tended to provide it rational basis for more efficient utiliza

fislner yresources from southern New Pngland to North 

The fisheries of this region are very prochutive and extrem

If the Macries are to be protected and at the same tinne uti

two requirements must be met 1 The life history and co

needs of all important species must be known aml 2 s

sion must eventually be made for unified adminish ation w

sential because of the migratory habits and the interstate 

the production of the fisherv

A comprehensive study of the more important featrnrs 

history of squeteague or weakfish has been completed 
nUREALY OF FISHERIES 

year and the preparation of a report is nearing comp

outstanding feature is the fact that the squeteague spaw

waters from Massachusetts to North Carolina in late sprin

summer There is however uncertain survival of those 

northern waters Those produced south of Delaware I3ay 

first year in the South and migrate northward as 2yearo

fish

The fishery in southern waters particularly in Nort

is unusually destructive to considerable numbers of young 

but because of the relatively slower rate of growth in so

in northern waters it is uncertain whether the restrictio

in the South would greatly augment the supply It 

therefore that the problem of conservation presents qu

aspects according to the point of view from which it 

From the national rather than from the sectional poin

is desirable to determine whether sufficient benefit would 

curtailment of the southern catch of yearlings to com

the resulting losses

Similar destruction of immature scup particularly in 

developed winter trawl fishery off the Chesapeake cap

noted This fishery which developed rapidly into a maj

the industry has been subjected to study each winter sin

and the effects of increasing exploitation of the scup 

oberved

10411rp an the South dt7antic and G

The most important fishery of the region from North 

Texas depends upon the common hrinnp which yields on 

100 million pounds annually Investigations of this fi

operation with the various States has proceeded dari

year Experience has shomvn that the shrinip supp

con ideraoly from year to rear in the different local

flu tuations indicate that definite changes in the populatio

occur a that for a complete understanding of the 

nature of these canes nul t be determined Conseque

reau sinvestigations have been directed toward the disc

life hi tory of the species

During the cear studies of sexual maturity and spawn

that contrary to former beliefs the shrimp in some lo

survive through two winters and spawn a second time 

acter of food which explains the concentration of shrim

about the mouths of rivers has been ascertained and 

growth and larval development have been completed 

migration during the year have shown that extensiv

defined movements northerly and southerly occurred 

along the Georgia Florida and the Texas coasts

To test the intensity of the fishery methods of tag

have been developed and applied A total of 3600 s

tagged along the Georgia and Florida coast during the 

year and the intensity of the fishery is evidenced by t

almost one fourth of the tagged shrimp had been ret

fishermen and returned to investigators by December 

coming year tagging operations will be extended throug

tire area of the South Atlantic shrimp fishery
100 11BPORT OF TPIE SECRETARY OR COMMERC

During the fall and winter the majority of the larg

appear from their usual grounds probably moving osho

and warmer waters of the Gulf Plans hate been de

fore through additional appropriations made by the 

to equip the Bureau smotor slip Pelican for offshore 

fishing It should he possible to determine whether th

concentration occurs and whether or not the shrimp 

sufficient quantities un those areas to wake a conm

feasible

Pacific coast and Uailka fleherq rntestigutioueCa

ery investigation on the Pacific coast and Alaska are co

to the salmon and the herring In the Pacific Northw

studies directed toward the management and conse

diminishing rums of srckeye salmon in Puget Sound a

River area and the runts of all species of salmon ill 

River discussed previousl were continued and in 

tinued observations were made oil the success of repro

salmon in the Karluk River and the pink salmon a

southeastern Alaska In addition a new and much nee

tion to measure variations in yield in the salmon fisher

dealing with the collection and analysis of daily catc

the various types of fishing gear was carried out du

year

In Puget Sound special attention has been given to 

sockeye salmon population spawning in the Fraser R

coho sahuon the most important game fish ill the Pac

The trend of the sockeye salmon fishery at sea and in 

been studied by the collection and analysis of record

rnercial catch since 1915 This study will establish a so

for active management of the fishery by the commission 

under the authority of the recently approved treaty 

United States and Canada Observations on the life 

coho salmon in Puget Sound have been conducted 

changes in abundance and their underlying causes a

methods of rehabilitation of populations in streams n

depleted I xperinrents have been conducted to determin

of the homing instinct by transplanting hatchery rea

servations on rate of growth of lingerlio have also 

differcut tributaries and extensive records have been 

both tho commercial and sports fisheries to indicate the 

resonrce by these fisheries

Tn Alaska the extensive series of observations over n

the red salmon runs of the Karluk River on Kodiak Isl

continued to discover factors influencing the success of 

gation in all attempt to forecast future rums more ac

other marking experiment was initiated in which 

fingerlings were nnarked by the amputation of a combi

The commercial catch of the region was carefully obse

records of marked adults returning from previous expe

ing the year complete returns front the 1929 spawning 

tained The escapement was 900 519 which bore a 

spawning population of that year of 18 1 as compar

for the 1928 escapement and 18 for the 1927 esca
6URnAt OF FISHLRHiS 

indicates a progressive decline in natural producti

being below normal

From the marking experiments it is apparent that 

the seaward migrant stage to adult stage is about 75 

tality during the fresh water period from eggs to se

is calculated to be 995 percent hence the determinatio

causim this extensive mortality during freshwater 

great importance since any material increase in surv

period would have the greatest effect in increasing 

tuns

Siniihir studie on the supply of pink salmon th

species in southeastern Alaska were continued during 

salmon were also studied in cooperation with the N

Association from the standpoint of physical and c

that occurred in the body during their spawning and 

the sea The results provide information relative 

changes in the market quality that is of primary im

canning industry

During the past 2 yetus a statistical study of the co

fishery in southeastern Alaska has been under wa

collection compilation and biometrical analysis of 

records of various types of fishing gear employed 

salmon fishery These records provide the basic dat

changes in the abundance and character of the salmo

petition between the various types of fishing gear as 

tion for the future delimitation of the fishing district

lishnient of closed sea oms for fishing in the region

Daring previous years investigations of the her

Alaska have demonstrated the existence of a conside

distinct races of herring each inhabiting a restricted 

of these areas serious overfishing that has resulted in 

tion of the industry has occurred Investigations 

ducted during the past year to delineate more accu

inhabited by the separate races Notable results inc

tion of a new method of tagging herring to trace 

and to Secure ill return of ttgced fish

Great 1 a7evfleltrries b vestgationsItis general

certain important fiheries in the Great Lakes hav

or are undersoimz depletion from overfisliing Th

pearance of the cisco in Lake Erie since 1926 has b

that ill fact of depletion brcoks no argument and 

the Nvlitefisl yield in tle lake system in general an

appearance from forunerly productive grounds in m

is well known The valuable fisheries in the Great 

are being maintained at only moderately reduced l

increasing dependence or outer species such as the 

yellow perch the lake trout and the various species 

sucker In order to measure the annual fluctuation

ance of these species to discover the need for pr

determille the value of fisherv regulations an analy

statistics gathered by the State of Alichi in L

Huron and Lake Michigan has been undertaken as 

The basic tabulations have now been completed for 
102 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

waters under the jurisdiction of the State of Michiga

6year period

In addition to the statistical studies reports dealing wi

history and racial affinitie of the several species of pi

have been completed The remainder of the investigative 

includes the preparation of seven reports covering major 

tions completed in the field during the past several years

POLLUTION INYER14GATIONS

The growing menace of pollution in the fresh waters of t

States by erosion and by municipal and industrial wastes 

accepted by many as inevitable because the basic facts 

physical and biologicalconcerning stream pollution gene

Hot been available The menace is spreading not only throu

various river systems but into the impounded waters as 

threatens at various points the waters of the public doma

the national playgrounds Consequently remedial and 

measures compatible with the interest of fisheries and with 

necessities have not been easy to define

To meet this situation the Bureau of Fisheries has been 

ing for some time investigations to ascertain 1 the natu

tions favorable for fish and other aquatic life in unpolhuecl 

that a polluted stream can be defined with fairness to all c

2 the specific effects on fish and other aquatic life a

aquatic environment itself of the various tvpes of effluents 

being released into the fresh waters of the United States

Vlach effort has been given to devising suitable tests tha

applied practically in the field in order to determine t

of stream pollution A set of water standards lus been def

upon the results of tixmsauds of tests and analy emade in 

major river systems of the United States From these stu

been possible to make definite recommendations for pract

4ial measures in various cases of stre ui pollution and a c

sive report embodying the findings of this investigation 

completed for early publication

AQUICULTP RAL INVESTIGATIONS

Researches in the field of aquiculture or water farmi

plied to food and game fish in interior waters are intend

crease the efficiency of hatchery practices by stopping the 

hatchery diseases by greater economy in operation throug

velopment of less expensive and more effective diets by th

of fish to larger sires so that they are better able to sur

planting by the selective breeding of superior stocks of f

more rapid growth greater egg production and increased 

to disease by environmental control to improve the prod

pacity of streams and lakes and by the development of a m

tive policy of stocking to a ore the best distribution of the 

products in waters where the highest survival can be exp

the planting of fish in proper numbers and in proper lo

assure the greatest supply In previous years research ha

rected primarily toward proper hatchery technique and 
BUREAU OF FISHERIES 

diseases but during the past year great emphasis was 

studies since it is impossible to use the production o

to the best advantage until we learn more about the 

that affect fish in natural waters Our lack of inform

fundamental factors is the greatest obstacle at presen

a scientific policy of fish management

In pondfish culture for bass and other warmwa

ducted on the basis of natural food production in 

experiments have determined the most satisfactory 

maintain food production During the past year th

fertilizers and the periods that reveal the limitations 

capacity of the ponds and the maximum fish produc

determined

Afore elaborate studies have been conducted on front 

ing experiments conducted at two of the Bureau s 

hatcheries have involved file te4ing of various artifi

commercial diets and the substitution of cheaper foods 

ard diet of beef liver Detailed researches conducted 

with the State of vw York and Cornell Univer

developed along three lines 1 continuation of the s

of four species of trout fed similar diets and Inaintain

lar conditions to determine the efficiency of food utili

determination of the amount of food required per un

obtain the most economical production and 3 ch

studies to determine the amount of phosphorus and 

by growing trout

Selectire breeding studies have been conducted and 

increased rate of growth ant higher disease resista

developed a strain of trout has been selected with H

tion and higher fertilit of eggs

As in previous years the study of fish diseases was 

to investigations of epidemics in hatcheries and the 

better methods of control The establishment of 

laboratory at Seattle Wash has made it possible t

attention to the diseases prevalent in the Intermount

the Pacific Coast States Additional information 

causes and control of two relatively new diseases has 

and a free clinic or disease service has been establish

expanded during the year for the examination of sp

eased fish smut in by hatcher superintendents for dia

the furnishing of advice for treatment and prophylax

SIIELLFISII INVESTIGATIONS

The scope of shellfish investigations previously co

Bureau was greatly enlarged last year by the specia

of 100 0 for the study of oyster pests and the develo

tical methods for their control in the Atlantic and G

addition limited investigations of oyster and bard cla

continued in the water of New E gland the South 

and in Puget Sound A special allotment of 420 00 

by the Public Works Administration for studies of 

oyster culture in York River Va allegedly caused 

wastes All of this work has been carried out by th
104 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OIL COMMEMCE

of the Bureau augmented by 20 tenyporary investigato

1

assistants whose period of employment varied from 3 to 

xectleut cooperation was received front the various 

Works Progress Administration and the Transient Reh

Camps which supplied about 110 relief laborers for 

investigations

The oyster pest investigation was directed inward the 

mjtior organisms destructive of oysters 1 the s

festing the waters of New England and the North Atlan

3 the drill in the Delaware and lower Chesapeake Bays a

ing as far south as Texas and 3 the ocalleal leech 

outbreak of which has destroyed extensive areas of anter

bottoms in Florida The problems of the dentrnctiou 

caused by the boring sponge and the conch although of 

portance were also included ill the project Practical me

can be nsod by the oyster industry for the control of these 

be based oil it thorongh knowled of their life historie

miderstanding of their habits and activities

Oyster pest investigations were also undertaken in th

waters of Florida Alabama and Teas Previous surve

that the most destructive pests of this section are the bore

leech or fiat worm Other pests associated with these 

relations as commensals or enenues are undetermined are t

sponge boring clam barnacles and mussels

During the sunnier of 1985 the oyster bottonts of the Te

Avere surveyed to discover the kinds and nnmhers of oy

present and to devise methods of control Approxinnateh 

Of coast line were examined between Corpus Christi Bay an

ton Bay examinations bein made of commercial reefs to 

the condition of oysters salinity temperature character o

tom and abundance of oyster pests The most common 

infesting oysters is the boring clam The boor the emoin

and the boring sponge are also prevent in moderde unm

addition to pests however it was found that the Lreatest 

Oyster beds in this section is from occasional floods from 

Of the coastal plain Recommendations ire e offered to as

growers in meeting these conditions and in mana ing their 

Because of the increased activity it connection with t

pest control investigations the regular shidies for innpro

promoting oyster culture were greatly curtailed A study o

onal changes in the mineral content of ovster meats and its 

to envirolunental changes was rondocted and completed d

year In Long Island Sound variations in the q uanfilies o

iron zinc and manganese of great nutritional and therape

in the lminan diet were traced to aid in the producing and m

of ovsters of standard quality Technical direction was alvo 

to State officers in Alabama and the Works Progress Admi

in their project of developing oysterprodneiro grounds

On the Pacific coast a 5 year stndv of proNol concern

cultivation of Olympia oysters in Pu Sound was brought 

elnsion The purpose of this investigation was to etermin

iufluencing the spawning mud setting of Olympia

dd

a oyters in 

develop a system whereby oysterorowers can be asSUrod an

an abundant supply of seed Spawning habit life and at
tltntxau or FISABRIES 

of the larvae and the relations of spawning to physi

have been thoroughly investigated with the result t

guidance has been afforded the oyster growers in plan

the proper time in relation to tidal cycles to assure an 

seed oysters

As previously noted an investigation was started 

Va to deterniine the effects if any of pulp mill wast

Q the York Iliver on the oysters of this region lo

ductive ground noted for oysters of superior quality 

the York River has in recent rears dwindled alarniing

produced have been very poor quality Preliminary 

show that the effluent from the pulp mill is not suffic

kill the oysters inimediately nor apparently is it my

redaction in the quantit of plankton food available 

exerts an influence interfering with the nutrition of 

whether other physiological processes are involved will 

ful experimentation and if it is found that wastes fron

pulp process are harmful corrective measures most be 

W ort lead not progaresserl far enough at the close of the 

positive evidence of these obscure pouts

In addition to studies of oyster culture investigatio

cycle of the qualiog shun were carried on at the expe

laboratory at Milford mn Spawning growth feed

to temperattn cand water salinity have been determined 

tion for more practical studies ci artificial propagation 

of clams in the ANew England region

BLACK BASS AND ANGLERS DIVISION

Evidence of violations of the blackbass hey was 

number of cases three of which were referred to the 

prosecution in hederal court Seizures of black bass il

porter interstate were made in a number of instances 

showing violations of Shete laws was obtained in a num

gations and tnrned over to the State authorities for att

While only a snudl nnuuber of State legislatures 11 

lar session in 19ti6 some prognvo in blaclrbas kgislatio

There are still however seven States where there i no 

on black bas six States where Maxi bass may be sold 

from other States sud four States where the sale is r

during short periods of the rear or from certain im

eight States now absolutely prohibit the sale of black ba

regardless of ryhere they have been taken

Among the advances made in State legislation dur

year 1936 either by legislative enactment or regula

mentioned the fact that four States adopted the 1mri 

license two States reduced their daily limits and th

protection by lengthening the closed season These 

are in We with the IAnvaus policies

Ueneral speaking blackbass protection materially a

mr the year front reports received from deputy b

inspectors and others it is believed black ham have inc

past year and fishing at the close of the fiscal year w

proved excepting in those waters affected by drought
106 REPORT OF TUR SECRETARY OF COII IERCI

Several of the Division spublications were revised 

such subjects as enforcement books on angling how when 

to fish list of State officials and tourist slicenses R

information on these subjects reached the Division in e

I numbers Afore persons are interested in angling th

fore the last tabulation by the Bureau of the number 

licenses issued by the States showed an increase of 2637 

previous issue

Fishery Circular No 20 containing the Federall blac

and a synopsis of the State laws published the first part 

year was exhausted during the close of the year nece

early publication of a new issue which will be revised to 

latest changes

LIBRARY

The library of the Bureau although housed with the 

of Commerce Library is maintained as a separate unit 

reau It is one of the finest collections of scientific nvo ks 

the fisheries in the world As such it attracts attention fro

and scientists all over the country and many foreign sci

themselves of its services The Bureau sstaff of cou

invaluable as it serves both the Washington office and the 

The library at present consists of 13036 volumes 1500 

and 199 monthly periodicals

AQUARIUM

The past 12 months proved most conclusively the po

the aquarium located under the main lobby of the De

Commerce Building This consists of 50 aquaria and 3 c

The outstanding individual exhibit maintained during 

until late spring was a miniature hatchery demonstra

of Lake Erie whitefish Potomac River yellow perch and 

trout rainbow front and silver salmon were hatche

classes visited the eNhibit frequently to observe the 

development

Specimens and eggs were also supplied to other public 

a means of mutual cooperation Experimental work on 

of permanganate of potash in treatment of parasites a

in aquaria is proving effective

The aquarium population varies in season averagin

species and 1480 individuals during 1936

VESSELS

Fifteen vessels of the Alaska service cruised about 1200 

miles in the fiscal year 1936 as compared with 118 000 

vessels in the preceding year The Penqu bilogged the 

tance with approximately 27000 miles The Brant co

14500 miles the Eder 11000 miles and the Crave Tea

each about 10000 miles

The Peagid amade five roundtrip voyages between Se

Pribilof Islands transporting personnel and emergen

Inter island service also was performed and native wo
RIJRr4A1J OF FISHERIES 

the Alaska Peninsula were transported to the Prib

assist with the season sealim activities

The duldet ILittiwahe llferganser Scoter and 1idg

gao d in fishery protective work in southeast Alaska d

season The 6fiarre operated in the Seward Katalla d

Eider in the Kodiak area The Teal was on Cook 

end of August and then was transferred to southeast 

fall patrol The Ibis was at Chignik the Cwrnc a

in the Alaska Peninsula area and the Coot on the 

The Blve Wing patrolled the Bristol Bay area until 

of July after which it was on duty in the Kodiak are

The Brant was used for general supervisory wo

far as the Pribilof Islands in Bering Sea and also as

patrol and survey of salmonspawning streams in so

In the spring of 1936 the Brant and Ca e assiste

seal patrol in the vicinity of Neah Bay Wash and 

performed similar duty near Sitka Alaska The la

was used also in herring tagging operations From 

April 1936 the Eider was assigned to the Works Pr

istration project of stream improvement in southeast 

APPROPRIATIONS

1

Appropriations for the Bureau for the fiscal y

665920 as follows

Salaries Conmiissioner office

Propagation of food fishes 

Maintenance of vessels 

nnluiry respeeting food fishes 

Fishery industries 

Protecting seat and salmon fisheries of Alaska 

Upper Mississippi Wild Life and Fish Refuge 

Enforcement of blackbass laic 

Fisheries Cooperative larkcting Act 

Shellfisheriev investigation 

Total 

1016023610

LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE

Pursuant alike to longestablished policy of careful 

welfare of the personnel of the Lighthou Lighthouse Servicee t

advances in general legislation and progress in the arts 

some increases in tine personnel of the Service are urgen

upon both administrative and humanitarian grounds T

some vessels will require augmentation in order to p

tively necessary functions with due regard to statutory 

as to hours of labor leave of absence etc and in some 

tional vessels are needed Certain isolated light stat

those oil wavesivept sites should have their personnel a

humanitarian grounds The proper servicing of the 

creased and still iucreang mechanical equipment of 

partienlarly the radio and other signal apparatus requ

crease in the field technical personnel and necessary com

statutory requirements of both direct and indirect eff

demands a moderate augmentation of the field admin

supervisory personnel especially in clerical lines to me

ment of vvorlc so imposed

The rapid and comprehensive improvement of the 

channels of the Dlississippi River system on a vast s

further attention to the facilities and methods for s

necessary aids to navigation which are required to se

of channels and character of traffic resulting from tlie

ments In 1938 the Department approved the consolida

river districts of the Lighthouse Service into a single 

headquarters at St Louis This action has proved 

economical but the vor great increase in buoyage c

the progressive replacement of kerosene lights by the 

battery operated electric lights points to the need of 

the lightho tender equipient of this district by smal

mobile vessels The Cotgres has provided funds for 

tion of one such vessel rvhieh will be ued on the Ahi

The degree of econom aul efficiency which mac be d

by this vessel will furnish the evidence necessary to d

rapidity with which the provision of other vessels of 

will be justifiable to supplement or to replace existin

tenders in this district

The Lighthouse Service is perhaps the most estive

tralized agenc v of the Federal Government les than 

a total personnel of about 5000 persons being located a

government This polic vis believed wise and nec esary 

and prompt administrative action but requires for be

an intonate familiarity with field conditions by admin

cers in Washington and in understanding of adminis
110 1PPORT OF THE gPCRETAUY OF CONIME tC

cedure at headquarters by responsible field officers 

understanding would be prounoted by more frequently 

duty between the field offices and headquarters nn Wa

this in turn would be facilitated by a consolidation of th

tions from which these two classes of employees are 

strongly recommended such consolidation be made of th

tions salaries bureau of Lighthouses and salaries 

Service with proper limitation upon the proportion of 

auntavailable for expenditure in the District of Co

The internalcombustion engine is having an ef on 

portation correlative to the revolution in land transporta

about by motor transport and innprovement in public ro

water it involves a great volume of local commercia

motorizing of the seafood industry and the development 

recreation healthful to the spirits and the bodies of the 

fostering the national interest in all maritime affairs T

ment is also the basis upon which is founded an import

production industry involving aggregate investments o

lions of dollars widely distributed among the people Ad

guarding of life and property at sea regmres that this cl

borne traffic be facilitated b aids to navigation in prop

very rapid development The prgjects involved will 

vidually large except where they are pursuant to exten

waterway improvements The aggregate demand on 

and funds of the Lighthouse Service will however req

vision of a moderate increase in the maintenance appro

the Service Such an increase has been included in t

submitted for the fiscal year 1935

From the maintenance and operation standpoint tile ne

sumption of a program of vessel construction upon a we

and evenly progressing schedule is paramount The t

of the necessary vessel fleet of the Liglahouse Service in

lighthouse tenders and lightships aggregates 66107 ton

30 1936 The average age of these vessels is 21 years a

an average economical life of not to exceed 40 years n

about 300 tons should be laid down amoally includ

annual increment to provide vessels adequate to service 

present conditions Recent legislative enactments affect

labor and other personnel conditions as well as the exten

ment of ports and waterways by the Federal Governm

that as vessels become obsolete or worn out they be repla

and more efficient and commodious units Lighthouse 

sels are necessarily designed with especial view to their fi

Unique requirements of their duty and the present fleet 

replacement in recent years are both believed to be bel

margin of safety for the efficient conduct of this vital 

governnnental activity

Good progress has been made during the year in th

improvement of aids to navigation along several lines 

ships not heretofore equipped with radiobeacons a

equipped tbis program is expected to be completed by 

1930 The synchronizing of racdiobeacons with sound 

distancefinding purposes is proceeding rapidly at all m
LatertOUSE SERVICE 

located stations and a fairly complete system involvi

will have been put in effect by October 1936

Following a conference in 1935 between officers of the 

and Canadian Lighthouse administrations identical 

radiobeacon operation have been adopted by both prin

have now been made completely effective as regards 

United States waters These principles have provide

operation so that nearly all stations now operate during 

each hour in clear weather and continuously in fog T

sulted a standardization of characteristics and dis

methods and there has also been a restudy of frequency 

which has simplified the system and reduced possibilit

ference

Important progress has been made in the modernizat

beacon equipment of stations and vessels and in the 

radiotelephone coinm ill ieation This character of equ

veloping so rapidly tliat the present minimum requirem

formance are far beyond the possibilities of apparatus 

only a few year ago Modern transnnitters were insta

25 stations during the vcir to replace those which w

this work of replacement will he continued steadily

The improved administrative control and the advant

sonnel in remote locations through the use of radiotele

munication have been well demonstrated this facility 

made available during the year to 26 stations and vess

the total of such installations to 5 at the close of the yea

A further matter in connection with the radiobeacon 

has been given nuudn attention is the provi iou of mo

tions vCltllln the operated by esiating leceper p

keeping daily checks oil all stations as to adherence to s

quency fidelity of tran utic iou adequac v oi power 

nnethocls have been brotinit to ncli a stage now that the 

tection and correction of defects is possibr ewhere monit

effective Neeeasary extension of monitoring to compl

portant function wdl be made during the caning your 

tional radiobeacon station were estalili hed dtu ins the Y

a total of 116 now in operation

Systematic revision of brnov light characteristics to 

significauce into accord with iliat of the shape and colo

istics is being accomplished with a view to publication 

lists for the calendar year J937

It is intended to undertake during the coming year 

of systematic improvement of secoodary fog signals both 

afloat There still remain in use in this Service about 

at light stations which are struck by gravity driven 

mechanisms Most of those were established many years 

the availability of suitable internal combustion engines 

erable proportion of these bells should be replaced by m

compressedair signals and sound signals on many bu

tered waters shotild be improved by installation of ap

dependent on wave action

During the ear just closed the construction progr

plished with funds allotted from the appropriation Nat
112 Rl WORr OF THE SECREMMY OF COMATE RCr

trial Recovery Act ill tile amount of t620 334 and 

Progress Administration in the anuuntt of yt30 00 has 

tially completed No funds front either of these eme

priataons remain availabh for prosecution of further 

work in the Li Odhouse Service except for the final 

Two projects heretofore undertnkcu and nearing comp

At the close of the year 19 developmental projects 

way involving signaling apparatus and methods which 

in a subsequent aof this report

The total number of aids to navigation maintained 

hons e Service at the clone of the fiscal year was 26880 

of 201 over the previous year A proportion 

tick are small buoys and minor lights in inland waters 

tant change is the increase in the nmuber of lights us

from 2440 in 1935 to 2891 in 1938 There has been 

the number of incandescent oil vapor lights particu

the electrification of several of the more important coa

There has also been a continued increase in the numbe

Or occulting lights there now being approximately 30

ing lights than last year and 1530 more flashing ligh

lights Four of the eight new radiobeacou instaldatio

on Athletic coast lightships two at shore stations o

Lakes ode at a shore station in Alaska and one at all 

station In addition to these 9 other stations have bee

which will bring the total munbe rof radiobeacons to 12

The retirement of former connuissioner George R Put

about several important changes in the Bureau personne

mendation of the Secretary of Conulerce the Preside

former Deputy Commissioner H D King its Commissio

houses Following this C A Park was promoted from 

chief engineer to that of Deputy Commissioner and R 

the former superintendent of the seventeenth lighthouse 

made chief engineer

A description of the following important engineering 

pleted during the year will be found under the heading 

of important works Completed

New Orleans Depol La IvAltlgO Ieel Avis

East Cliarity Shoal ix Y Orven Bay Harbor Entr

Minneapolis Shoal Mich hive Finger Light Stati

IN APPARATUS AND EQUIPM

The application of electricity has been extended im

candlepower and effectiveness of both the coastal landfa

those of lesser eandtepowev as well as the living cond

quarters of the keepers A number of lighted buoy

equipped for electric operation drycell packs supplyin

for the light and for the operation of the lamp changer

driven flashing mechanisms As the lanterns of such b

no ventilation they are especially adapted 10 location

mergence is a contingency Highpowered flashing ligh

by electrically equipped beacon lenses are beings used fo

tration of moderate fog and haze and to aid navigation 

visibility during hours of daylight as well as darkness
LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE 

Lights of relatively high power have been provided 

light stations by the iustallatiou of low voltagee elect

erated frown primary cell hatteries all vital parts of 

being provided in duplicate

A high candlepower acetylene lighting unit of th

changer type used in it 300millimeter hinten uhas b

service at tine unattended light station at Latin Point 

lands

A battery operated foghorn for use on a buoypierb

fixed structure has been improved in ruggedness and in 

its contacting device and further tests of the signal ar

Frequencies of 210 and 240 cycles per second have b

current being 1 amperes at 14 volts Development 

under way

Lighthouse Service radio engineers have designed an

improved radiobeaeon equipment including new t

ters and transmitter exciters for modernizing olde

heacons

Remote radio control of one offshore light station a

ship on the treat Lakes has been continued with succ

tion Peslitigo Reef Light Station in Green Bay Wis o

foundation has been placed in commission replacin

which formerly marked this point The new station 

its fog signal being remotely controlled by radio by t

Sherwood Point Light Station 8 miles away

To increase the efficiency of radiobeaeon signals a 

radiator antenna has been designed and an installat

at Cape Cod Light Station lass This radiator is e

an outdoor type antenna tuning house and un apprec

in signal stre1wth has been ahieved A vertical to

with indoor auleima tunin home is planned for the ne

Light Station in Lake Aliebigan A simple inexpe

tower radiator has also been purchased for trial at 

Radiobeamn Station in Lake Superior Antenna imp

being carried out oil lightships and where nec eary 

signal strength tripod masts are being erected ove

galleries Thee tripod masts carry the antenna at a 

tion and thus increase the length of the downlead to th

Simplified signill tiniers to replace the older svhro

aignal controllers at it considerable saving in costs h

signed and are in successful operation at several sta

timers are clock controlled and are self correcting 

the timing of the main light the fog signal and the 

and provide for the synchronization of the radiobea

sotund inair signals for distancefinding purpose

A large type of lighted whistle buoy has been fitted 

structure of ahuuinuut alloys The reduction in weig

by the use of aluminum has made it possible to increa

of the superstructure giving greater elevation and r

bility to the light This buoy is being teed at 

Charleston S C

A test installation of remote control of fog signal 

means of a light beam has been successful in the sevent
114 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

on the Pacific coast and similar equipment has also bee

for test at Old Point Comfort Va The olectric solen

bell striker has been improved in efficient Nand is Be

at two stations for trial The use of gasoline and D

driven generating plants with storage batteries fall flo

line has been extended with economy in size of power pl

nance comet and with added power reserve for peal 

voltage regulation etc

The installation of more efficient tof fog signaling 

has been accomplished at both shore and ship stations 

valve has been devignekl and installed on several lightsh

nect two diaphoues to one vertical resonator thus saving 

and top weight of a duplicate resonator Tests of these 

of various types of resonators have been made at the 

fog signal testing laboratory where air consnuiption fre

other data were obtained

ADMINISTRATION

Appropriations for the maintenance of the Lightho

totaled 94151 000 for the kcal year 1936 There were n

allotments by the Public Works Administration darin

year 1936 for special works hilt the work previously prov

continued from allotneut4 made during 1 As previo

the Works Progress Administration allotted 20000 to the 

Service Allotments from the Public Works Achninivtr

totaled 5620 334 at the beginning of the fiscal year w

by the withdrawal of 8328 Of the balance T6483 

pended ore Jane M A few unfinished projects under

these allotments are nearing completion and it is expec

entire program will have been ternnir ated try the end of 

calendar year There were also allotted from the 1936 

appropriations for contingent expenses4600 and for 

binding 26115

Thee were received and deposited in the Treasur th

From

1796 30

sale

forfeitures

of Government

by contractors

property 30761 62

500 15 reimbu

rent o

property destroyed or damaged 329 41 29 work clone 

interests274x 16 commissions received on telephmnes 

cellaneous 153 62total 365 138

Items of special legislation affecting the Liglithonse Se

ing effective durinp the year included that for the trans

of the Anastasia Island Lighthonse reservation to the 

Augustine Fla for the transfer of a part of the lightho

tion at Grand Haven 11lich to the city of Grand Ha

transfer of the retired lightship No 82 to the U S Ship 

Post Number 3139 Veterans of Foreign Wars

The following changes in the officers in charge of the v

house districts were made during the fiscal year G I1 

transferred from the bureau to become superintendent o

district with headquarters at Mihvaukee Wis succeeding 

bard retired Walter G Will formerly assistant srnpe

the eleventh district became superintendent of the fiftee

with headquarters at St Louis Mo succeeding Irving 
LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE 

tailed to the Bureau as signal engineer Edward C M

moted from assistant superintendent to superintenden

teenth district at Portland Oreg succeeding Frank 

died on January Al 1936 Mr Muth had taken ove

November 29 1935 succeeding It P Tinkham d

Bureau as chief engineer

The abnormal severity of the winter of 193530 w

in extensive ice and flood damage done to aids to nav

north Atlantic districts Ice damage was serious from 

Virginia Capes the greatest amount occurring in Ch

and its tributaries The loss of equipment in Chesap

largely attributable to the great nnmhes of aids used 

various channels and less rugged types of structures 

these waters where serious ice damage is rare Dur

ing up of the ice it was necessary to evacuate temp

light stations in Chesapeake Bay as they were in im

of complete destruction In the more northerly di

was caused by the shove of ice fields loved by tida

kinds Boatways seawalls wharves and riprap prote

structures were in many places seriously displaced 

Loss from ice damage amounted to 390 00 Losse

damage in the Connecticut Hudson and Ohio Rivers 

Appropriations to restore the aids damaged were m

approved May 15 1930 6390 000 and the act appr

1930 t9L500 respectively

Extensive damage was clone to navigational aids by 

which struck the Florida coast or September 2 1935 

the entire coast lice of ill seventh lighthouse district 

area affeeted in unusual occurrence despite the frequen

Hurricanes are experienced in the vicinity Many m

beacons were either entirely destroyed or seriously d

gator Reef Light fitation which received the full forc

was out of commission for several hours and was con

aged Innnediatelv following the storm the entire 

depot and vessel personnel of the district were enmiged 

tion of the aids to navigation and in the relief of s

and communities Damage to Lighthouse Service 

estimated at 79000

Lighthouses and floating aids were considerably da

severe storm which struck the New England coast on 

18 Pollock Itip Light hip directly in the path of 

blown off station The area in which navigational a

aged extended from Boston Harbor through Long Isla

along the south shore of Lou Island to Sandy Hook 

During January and February several groups of li

ers were assigned to depots tenders and light stations 

lighthouse district for special work and instruction in 

jects A total of 02 keepers were given this training 

covered included the overhaul and maintenancee of bo

care of fog signal machinery illuminating apparatus 

direction finders and other matters of special value 

keepers Excellent results have been shown A sim

carried out to a limited extent in the tenth district
116 ItEPOIrT OF THE SECRETAuY OF COMMEnCR

During the year file Lighthouse Srcice orl ni nixed disp

trative of its functions for six expositions Material sho

Ketchikan Industrial Nair Ketchikan Alaska was assemb

sixteenth lighthouse district The seventeenth ligldlou c

embled apparatus etc which was shown at the Pacific Int

Livestock Exposition at Portland Ong and the third 

district supplied material for display at the Second Annu

Exposition held at New York N Y This Bureau coope

other branches of the Department of Commerce provided 

tive display which was sent to the Texas Centennial Centr

tion at Dallas The three lighlhome cdiAricts covering 

Lakes combined in assembling material which was shown a

Lakes Exposition Cleveland Ohio and the fourth l

trict installed an exhibit at the Philadelphia Expositions

PERSONNEL

During the fiscal year there was a net increase of f

authorized personnel for the operation and maintenan

Service The total number of employees as of June 30 

5096 including 168 lightkeepers aid assistants 1804 o

members of the erews of lightships and tenders 103 bure

engineers and draftsmen district superintendents and 

assistants 177 clerks messengers janitors and office lab

depot keepers and asistrrrts including laborers 19 lab

mostly parttime employees and 463 persons in the field 

ployed on construction end repair work

In addition to their regular duties a nmuber of employee

aid to those in distress During the fiseal year abort 99 

of the saving of life and property or rendering other va

were reported Since many of these arts were performe

personal risk and in some cases were considered especiallynr

the employees were commended by the Secretary of Com

During the year there was received from the Treasury D

a silver lifesaving medal for transmission to Thomas J 

keeper of Seven Foot Knoll Light Station in Chesapeake 

for his service in rescuing five men from drowning on A

1033 During a severe storm that night the tug Point h

near the light station The keeper set out promptly in t

boat despite the fact that seas breaking over the boat ma

cult to keep the engine running Five men were saved a

man was taken into the boat but found to be dead

LIGHTHOUSE TENDERS

At the end of the year 58 tenders were in commission 

1 laid up in reserve Of these 31 are fitted with directio

30 have radio communication and 10 have radiotelephon

The following tenders have been extensivel overhaul

the year Caucellia Aearia rlprexs tdlapiaolia Svgifl

Hibiscus

It is expected the following tenders will be extensively o

or reconditioned during the coming year Lotus Ta8p 

Larkspur
L1G11TROGSls SERVIC s 

The following were the numbers of tenders in commis

30 of the years specified small vessels not having regular 

omitted 1910 51 1920 55 1930 55 1935 59 1936 5

The tender Camellia has been converted from steam to 

pulsion The tender Rose has been lengthened 10 feet 

Larch was sold on October 28 1935 being beyond econo

LIGHTSHIPS

At the close of the year lightships were maintained on 

and 48 lightships were in service of which 8 were r

ships and 8 were in reserve

Lightships No 78 No 87 No 95 and No 103 have 

ditioned

The lightship stations at Eleven Foot Shoal and Pes 

the Great Lakes have been discontinued having been r

permanent fixed structures

Grays Reef station will be discontinued during the 

placed with a fixed structure

It is probable that ligh rlup Ao 69 will be condemn

during the next year since it is beyond economical repa

No Ih Nantucket was completed and will be placed 

the near future

Lightships No 5J No 81 No 85 No 91 No PC an

to be reconditioned Lightship No 82 was transferre

twelfth district to the secoml district on August 21 19 

of Congress of Tune 22 1931 it t ansfer to the Veteran

Wars was authorize l

OPERATION AND CONSTRUCTION LIGHTHOUSE SERV

YEAR 1936

PROGRI aS OF X ISSE i5 S Nmn CONSTIZUi TP1N Ll CU AL1D

Light hip No 112 built specially for the Nantucket station 

and deliverd during the year It is nom heing fitted oil and 

on station early in the coming year The sinl inII of lightship 

Nanuulcet station on Nay 11611 by an ocean Rner was follow

the planning of it neiv vessel involving a thorough restudy of a

of the lihiship service The new vessel it is believed embodies 

able safeguard for both crew and vessel All extremely high de

tion ha b en socnred by the hall into n large numhe

o214ight conpartmonts a number very unusual in it vessel of t

Not only do collision bulkheads provide reserve stability in th

severe

forward

crushing

hold fire

of

room

either

and

bow

eugine

or stern

room

but

are

the

protected

three 1gest

by co

tudinal bulkheads forming the Inner sides of the oil and wa

further feature of safety is the suhlivision of the main dcc1 

number of wateilight eompartmentn To provide for the promp

crew in the event of an accident interior passageways give 

different exits to the upper deck The selection of a combin

Diesel power plant for the not ship is an arrangetaent Krell 

requirements of this station For propulsion to amt from s

maneuvering during stnrnns the ship is equippel with an unus

steam plant which also proyidcs for the beating of the vessel 

parposes antl for mainte niev on station the ship depelds 

Diesel power Signal equipment is comprehensive and of th

The ship will have a high power radiobeacon a special warnin

a compressedair fug signal a powerful masthead light and a su
with radiotelephone communication On June tl the tender was approxlnnttely

12 percent completed

PROGRESS OF SPECIAL WORKS UNDER CONSTRUCTION OR COMPLETED

Soutlwce vt Harbor 11alneSee annual report 1935 page 122 The depot

buildings as originally planned have been completed at a cost of per

mitting the abandonment of Bear Island depot which was on an iand

Inaccessible except b enter transportation The wharf at the hitter station

will continue to be utilized to some extent

Flr et diwtrictAutomatic lights hate been eclablislied at Green I and and

on Crolch Island Beacon in addition to several new lighted hro y Radio

telephones were installed on Portland Liehtship and sit the Porilia ddepot

Cape Cod Canal Lights bfn vsA nmtraet for four light structures to mark

the east side of the new dredged channel has been let Contras price 7993

Work had not been started at the close of the fiscal year

Annksquam River Rracon v3104 eA contract was let for repho iug Seven old

beacons with new steelsheet pile strnrrnres Contract price 7975 Work

30 percent completed

Cape Cod Light Station 1fa ssThe radiobeacon was improved by the erec

tion of a new vertical radiator antenna at a root of 5449

General Lighthouse Depot N YThe inner hasin was dredge to a depth rd

18 feet and the outer basin to a depth of 22 feet Cost S3069 Proicer

completed Delaware River Ranges N J and Pe ni Cnamnel changes have made necetort

either moving or erecting 19 new structures R is in progress estim ted

cost 220n0 Expended to June 30 8000

Crean Citu and Cinepatxen tRaif MdThe drelemg of a new rhannet made

necessary tfle establishment of 10 minor lighted aids urd 19 day beacons

Cost 6218 Estimated Si percent completed

Core Sound N C Erect minor lights to mark new channel Mal rio and

apparatus purchased Work under way Estimated 50 percent ennpleted

Obligated to Juno 30 35537

Fifth district ice da naoe During FebruaryAlarch 193 ihnoyagr was

tensively damaged and over 250 miser lihr sUVcnires urd unli0tod armmrks

destroyed by ice Janes Island light Sfntien was coipletely destn ed and

other attended stations on submarine site damaged Esrinntrd nooltnt of

damage 237 000 The work of replacement is in progress and estimated 40

percent completed

Cape Hatteras N CSee annual report 1035 pace 123 The new r and

powerhouse have been completed a d light exhibited from the new tMa

pleting this project Total cost 7472

Intracoastal Waterway FlaSee annu dreport 1935 page 123 Tlte etmb

lishment of minor lights insofar as contemplated by this project nd the pur

chase of a depot site at Fort Pierce Fla has been completed Total coat

19482

Intracoastal Waterway S C and GoThe newly dredged intraonastal chan

nels in these States are being marked with minor aids to navigati Eleven

lights and 17 da have been established The installation of other

lights for which equipment has been purchased is in progress Irenditure

to June 30 96175

Pulaski Wroal Light FlaSee annual report 1935 page 12 s ablish

unattended light Project completed Total cost 1577
LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE 

Miami Harbor Lights PiaSee annual report 1935 page 

completed except the erection of two structures delayed on acc

Cost to June 30 15232

Intracoastal Waterway north of Miami FlaEstablish 20 

change buoyage Material and equipment purchased Cost to 

Estimated 50 percent completed

Seventh district hurricane damageIn hurricanes of Septe

and November 4 1935 Alligator Reef Light was severely 

minor lights and til daybeacuns destroyed or damaged The w

is in progress Cost to June 30 18ll74 Estimated SO perce

New Orleans La depotSee annual report 1935 page 123 

an adequate brick storehouse and wharf with the necessa

practically completed Additional work of paving and fencin

olmie Cost to June 30 151 94 ace description of impor

pleted Bast Charity Shoal N YSee annual report 1935 page 

and lantern have been erected mal the permanent light place

completing the project Total cost 93124 See description o

completed Tcntlt dixtrtirtIIevisiom of aids to navigation Hann O

to end of new breakwater Conneaut Ohio lights on ends of 

built Ashtabula Ohio lights on breakwaters rebuilt and rel

Ohio new light established on west breakwater Work 

58190South Buffalo N YSee annual report 1935 page 124 P

Cost 13900

Clereland awl Toledo OhioSee annual report 1035 pa

completed Cost 204115

Grand lfarias MiniSce annual report 193 5 page 12

improve fog signal Project completed Cost 0357

St Marys River 31ichIleacons See annual report 1935 

ect completed Cost 2511

St Clair Flats JirhSee annual report 1935 page 125 

pleted except keeper sdwelling which is under construction 

200215 Estimated 80 percent completed

Detroit River Light Station AluluImprove fog signal by 

equipment Modernize the station by installing heating w

Military system Cost to June 30 1350 Estimated 25 per

Minneapolis Shoal Light Station 311chSee annual repor

The remainder of file sleehvork was completed and living qu

The fog signal and lighting equipment were installed The s

in commission and thus the project was completed Total co

description of important works completed

Peshilgo Recf 1PisSee annual report 1935 page 125 

completed with the erection of the steel tower and the instal

equipment Total cost 40710 See description of important 

Green Ball Harb rentrance lidsSee annual report 1935 

steelwork was completed and all equipment installed thus 

completed Total cost 105 447 See description of important 

Grays Beef Light Station HighSee annual report 1935 

to construction difficulties experienced by the contractor th

in the process of construction and will require the remainde

season for completion Cost to June 20 205305

Indiana Harbor InclSee annual report 1935 page 120 

on the outer end of the breakwater extension was complete

fog signal are controlled by cable connection from the ol

cost 44935

Calumet harbor south brakacatcr IllConstruct light a

southerly end of south breakwater and correct by cable to 

Light Station Wok is in progress The tower and fog s

been moved from Holland tich Cost to June 30 132 

percent completed

Five Finger Light Station 17nskaSee annual report 193

concrete work was completed and the living quarters fini

installation of the fog signal machinery and lighting equip

was completed Total cost 9207 See description of 

completed
120 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

SixteentJn district Alaska Establish minor aids to navigatio

has been ordered at a cost of 15099 Estimated 10 perce

Estimated cost 000

Paget Sound 1VashEstablish automatic lights and fog signa

Shoal and Chinook Dike Equipment has been purchased and co

the structures which are under construction Cost to Jun

Estimated 70 percent completed

New Dungeness Light Station liashProvide shore protectio

wharf still tramway Completion expected by October 1 1936 E

12 500

Seventeolth district stoma damageStorms in the fall of 

bunyage considerable and made extensive repairs necessary at 

and Point Chehalis range New buoys are being purchased an

under way Obligated to June 30 769

Pates Island 1VashEstablis1i class C radiobeaeon Equipm

Purchased and is ready for installation Obligated to June 30 

Columbia River entrance Oreg and lVask Establish a class C 

at Cape Disappointment Light Station and change Peacock Spi

lighted bell buoy Dtaterial and equipment have been purchase

to June 30 6120

Eighteenth districtRoad repairs Extensive repairs and 

were made on the roads within the lighthouse reservations at 

and Point Sur The project has been completed Cost 11562

San Diego and Newport Bay lights CalifEstablish nine ne

one fog signal Work in Newport Buy substantially completed 

in Sall Diego Bay will be deferred until completion of dredging ab

1936 Cost to June 30 769

Makapnn Point Light Station HawaiiThe radiobeaeon was 

the installation of a new generating set and fuel supply tank an

was installed at the Station Project completed Cost 5656

Hawaii minor aids to navigation and buoysThe landing at 

Light Station was improved and new lights and buoys establis

Allen Harbor Honolulu Channel Light 6 was under construction 

ments at Laau Point Light Station were under way Cost to June 

DESCRIPTION OF IMPORTANT WORKS COMPLE

New Orleans La Lighthouse depotNow Orleans is the he

the eighth lighthouse district in which two seagoing tenders an

tenders are in commission for the maintenance of nids to naviga

sea going tender in reserve The intracoastal waterway along the 

under extensive improvements and joining the river in this locali

location desirable as it base for a considerable portion of the ope

small tenders particularly

To meet this need and others incident to the maintenance of 

the establishment of it lighthouse depot at New Orleans was auth

this project for which funds were provided by the Public Works A

A site with water frontage of 750 feet on the D inerharbor Nav

was obtained by a 99Year lease fron the board of port commissi

under congressional authorization kind a suitable wlmrf toget

necessary depot building has been constructed

piles

The

and

wharf

decked

in 30

with

feet

a

wide

reknforced

by 443

concrete

feet long

slab

supported

Fire boftle

on

walls

woo

and a sprinkler system for fire protection has been built into the 

nection was made to adjoining railroad track by a spur which le

levee and directly onto the wharf so that delivery train rail 

tenders may be conveniently made The depot building is two st

and steel construction 62 by 112 feet supported on concrete pie

in tarn cnried on clusters of wood bearing piles capped with 

concrete grillage The floors of the building are reinforced c

roof is carried on steel trusses and purlins still the building is lig

out by metal sash One side of the building is on the grade of 

whorl still on the other side is parallel to a delivery drive iti suc

deliveries may be made directly from track level to the floor of t

In addition to storage space the building provides accommod

depot keeper and his records as well as for boat repair and m

insofar as it is necessary to carry on the latter at the lighthouse 
LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE 

lishment of this depot has permitted the discontinuance of the l

located Port lads Depot which is about 100 miles below Ne

the transfer of the material from that depot has been comple

is in use and there remains for its entire completion only 

certain grading work road construction the placing of a derri

The total cost of the complete project will be 166 953 59

Bt Charity Shoal Light Station N YThe site of this 

eastern end of Lake Ontario and on the direct course of ve

to and from the St Lawrence River Its purpose is to guide 

Nast Charity Shoal

A timber crib 50 feet square and from 11 to 14 feet high so 

to fit the bottom was built in an inverted position on shore la

and towed to the site to be sunk by heavy precast interlocking 

crete placed over the outer row of pockets and by filling the 

with stone The crib was protected at the water line on the 

sides with a heavy steel flash plate lapping well down over th

and extending upward above water level to the top of the p

blocks Provision was made for bolting the form work for the 

these steel fee plates

The outside pockets 0 feet in width were filled with con

tremie Holes were provided in the precast blocks through w

pipe could be inserted for filling the outer pockets with conc

filling of the inside of the crib extended up to the top of the pre

it mat of reinforced concrete was Placed over the entire area 

being carried up to a height of 16 feet above deck and a rein

deck slab Provided liver the entire pier Space within the pie

for storage purposes and a deckhouse of reinforced concrete in 

one story in height was constructed to support a cast iron tow

stairway leading to the lantern which is of the fourth order T

acetylene and the illuminating apparatus is a fourthorder fixe

focal plane height 52 feet aboc low water depth A YlaShing 

1300 candlepower is shown The foundation crib is protected 

by heavy riprap stone The total cost of the project was 95125

Peshtigo Reef Light Station Green Bay WisTbis stati

near the outer end of Pesluigo Reef in 10foot depth and plac

mission oil Dlay ti 1930 replaces Pes itigo Reef Lightship whic

continued resulting in a material decrease in maintenance c

providing a more effective aid to navigation

The pier supporting the superstructure Is cylindrical 50 fe

and constructed of interlocking sheet steel piling braced tat the 

a circumferential girder which is in turn braced by cross tie

anchoring it back to five cylindrical piers within the enclosure wh

lighthouse proper These five inner filers are 6 feet in diamete

ported on wood bearing piles

Inside of the ring of sheet Piling steelencased H beam bea

been driven spaced at approximately 9foot intervals and supp

edge of the basement floor and the outer edge of the deck of 

is of reinforced concrete The pier itself is filled with stone 

thin mat of riprap extends for some distance around the 

erosion

The outer portion of the basement is utilized for storage etc 

portion under the tower proper is a machinery room lighted 

built into the circular tower base which is of concrete and 

above the deck level Where the basement joins the sheet pile 

is backed up with hollowtile masonry

The s iverstruchare consists Of a cylindrical steel tower 

of which is 25 feet In diameter providing living quarters fo

re taiuder of the tower is conical housing the compressed air 

of fog signal and supporting a special lantern of the helicalba

is housed the illuminating equipment A fixed white electric 

candlepower shines fron a fourthorder lens

The elation power Plant consisting of two gasoline driven 

erafo s and storage batteries supplies power to the light a

compressors which supply air for the diaphragm fog signal 

supplied to a fog bell which is operated continuously

While this station has accommodations for keepers suita

emergency it is not operated as an attended station but is rem
122 REPORT OF TAE SECRETARY OF COMMERC

by radio from the Sherwood Point Light Station some 812 mile

light operates autoinatioally by time switch but the electric 

started and stopped at will from the shore station through rad

continuous operation of line fog bell is an insurance against 

of the radio control and the latter is installed complete in 

a separate wavelength for each complete control channel 

control used is that which has been in successful operation a

Shoal Light Station for it number of years and for the last 2 

in service controlling Lake St Hair Lightship

A radiotelephone transmitter at Sherwood Point provides th

similar transmitter at the Peshtigo lteef Station provides com

the shore when attendance or tests are in progress The 

Sherwood Point Station visit the Peshtigo Station at peri

for a general checkup on the nte hanicol equipment of the sta

cost of the station was0710 17

llfianaeaholia lloal Light Station lliaPhis new tght sta

Minneapolis Shout was placed fn full cuuuuisslon at the openin

16 with the exception of Ure radiobeacon It takes the place 

Shoal Lightship lung maintained ion Tile opposite side of the c

a turn in the course of vessels bound for the pert of Escana

discontinuance of the lightship effects material saving In m a

and there is the further advantage of the fixed station in the s

to navigation in the late fall and early spring when ice condition

the maintenance of floating aids to navigation oil station

The strutune stands on hard bottom in 21 feet The subst

of a timber crib 64 feet square heavily constructed and divided b

in 40 packets The crib was floated to tine site and atnk fu po

pockets being filled with stone ballast to 1 foot below water le

pockets were then filled with tremic placed concrete A steel p

width extending around the entire crib and overlapping its tim

of 5Y feet provides protection of both the crib and concrete 

against ice scour Over the timber crib is 6 mat of rein

is placed upon which rises the superstructure pier and the ligh

The pier is of reinforced concrete extending ha a height of 21 fe

and finished with a concrete deck joined to the lighthouse struc

The lighthouse itself is of steel construction the supporting 

carried directly on the timber crib and extafrling upwfuvl throu

reinforced concrete Space within the pier itself is divided o

for various storage purposes The machinery required for th

the station is placed on the first floor which is depressor belo

be pier proper although lighted by windows in the superstruct

structure is 32 feet square and over fhe machinery room livin

the keepers are provided From this structure there rises th

tower supporting a fourthorder lens at a height of feet a

the foal plane The machinery room the tieing quarters and 

roan ion the first floor of the lower are lined against the sleol 

hollowtile masonry The exterior walls and the roof are i

living quarters and machinery space are heated by all oil heater 

ing is provided with modern plumbing and lighting facilities

The illuminating apparatus consists of a flashing fourthorde

a white flash of 000 eanllepower 4 seconds duration every 0 

illumimnt is electrically generated at the station the len

electrically

The fog signal is a type F diaphone with its horn protecting 

story of the tower proper and supplied with compressed fill f

enginedriven compressing plant in the engine room The fog 

chronized with the radiobeacon at tine station for distance finding

The radiobeacon is of low power adequate to the locality and is 

current from the generators and batteries at the station The co

generators at the station fire Dieselengine driven and the ent

of signaling equipment and machinery is in duplicate Air hoists 

together with two crimes on diagonally opposite corners of the pi

boats and other material to the deck

The pier is protected by heavy riprap fund the total cost of th

plete was 170 60 30

Green hall Harbor entrance NisThis station is located in 

depth to marl the west sido of the entrance to the newly dr

leading into Green Bay fly Wis
LIGIITHOUSE SERVICE 

The pier is circular 60 feet in diameter consisting of a 3f

concrete steelprotected wall surrounding a heavy timber crib 

on timber grillage which rests on site prepared by dredging off 

rial the interior is filled with stone to 1 foot below water lev

crib together with the form for the circular concrete wall w

in sheltered waters and towed to position and sank A grillag

timbers 24 inches deep and octagonal in form was built on shore 

On top of this steel forms for the 3foot concrete wall were 

height of 10 feet and the timber crib constructed this being fo

additioml lifts of 10 feet each so that the steel plating form

wall form extended well lip above the water line to serve as ice 

the concrete pier when sunk in position

After the pier was towed to position the crib pockets were fi

settling the pier firmly to position when the outerwall pockets w

and tilled with concrete placed in the dry Over the entire p

water line a 2font 6inch slab of reinforced concrete was placed 

the pier superstructure completed rising to a height of 18 feet 

within its enclosure machinmy space and various storage spa

top of the reinforcedconcrete mat to the basement floor gravel 

for ballast

The superstructure of the lighthouse is circular consisting of 

base within which port lights are placed for lighting the baseme

the pio Above ibis concrete base it onestory steel structure i

which rises a conical shaped steel tonver supporting a special lan

plane at it height of 72 feet on top of which is erected a slender 

attaching the radiobeaeon antenna The first story of the ste

lined with mason y and both nulls and ceiling are insulated

The light is fixod tell of 6010 candlopower shown from a foo

The illuminant is electriclO

The fog signal at the station is of the diaphragm compress

large size the resonator being mounted within the conical port

toner and with compressed nir from oilengine driven 

the marlinery room

Electricity for operating the station is provided by Dieseleng

erators coupled to a bank of storag batteries this power p

current for the radiobeaeon and for lighting the station proper 

the main light A crane operated by compressed air is provide

the station boat and other materials Beenuse of the severe 

perienced in this locality the station was protected by heavy 

Total cast of this station was 108 447

Fire Finger Light Station 1la ckaA new reinforcedconcret

housing all equipment and furnishing quartos for three turn w

at this station to replace in old frame structure destroyed by fi

1930The building consists of it reinforced concrete structure one s

it three quarter basement a 13font square tower extends up f

of the building and supports a forthorder lantern with foc

height of 81 feet The building is 40 feet square The bas

space for engine generators storage battery motor compressor

coal room boiler room and a storage room The basement doors 

a new concrete wharf which is so constructed that the walls 

gallon circulatingwater cistern a 1200gallon Diesel oiltan

three other tank cisterns for lubricating and Orel oils totaling 

The main floor of the building contains three large bedroom

closets for three keepers and ore spare b sli oom radio room com

room find kitchen and storage closets The main floor opens ou

which is level with the upper side of the island The air from 

in the basement is piped to the fourthfloor landing of the to

diaplmues and timing mechanism are installed The signaling 

the station consists of a compressed air diophone fog signal 

and an electric light The light is of 7100 candlepower group 

every 10 seconds shown from a fourthorder lens The sound 

radiobeaeon are synchronized for distancefinding purposes Th

completed and places in commission in December 1033 The to

completed project was 029606

1016023611

COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY

REVIEW OF THE YEAR

The Coast and Geodetic Survey was considerably han

ing the fiscal year 1936 by lack of funds required to 

meet all needs for the services it renders The annual a

to the Survey during recent years have been materially 

at the same time there has been a continual and subst

in the demands of governmental agencies and the 

products and related data which are derived from 

branches of the Bureau soperations

This situation may be illutrated by comparing pres

with those existing in 1932 the last tear of normal o

to the depression At that time the Bureau sanimal 

was3075 933 an amount fixed after careful study as 

stun required for the satisfactory accomplishment of 

projects which should be carried on at an approxima

yearly rate The appropriation for 1936 was2360 90 

of 23 percent This amount however was augmente

allotments described in a subsequent section of this rep

On the other hand although the publication of ne

been confined to those most urgently needed the num

ent nautical charts now published is 775 as compared 

1932 The average issue of ill nautical charts for 1

was 292 783 as compared with 276 994 in 1932 Indiv

received mentally for compilation a revision of ch

from 2329 to x049 Band corrections required to 

between dates of printing and issue increased from a

lions to 2 millions per year The Bureau sChart Div

about 4 months wort laid out ahead as compared wit

work in 1932 Special requests for geodetic data for p

than mapping have more than doubled and requests 

be supplied at present have now accumulated to a t

3000 cases

hor several years prior to 1936 the operations of the 

Coast and Geodetic Survey were expanded conside

allotments of emergency funds granted primarily for 

unemployment Until these funds became exbaustecd 

it was possible to utilize them where necessary to su

regular appropriations so that the present deficiency 

was not felt until 1936 An increase in the annual a

for the Bureau s operations during 1937 has been gr

Congress and will provide a partial remedy for the situ

during 1936 It is hoped as conditions improve that 
126 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

sible to restore fully the Bureau sactivities to a normal 

near future

Another matter mentioned in last year sreport contin

concernthe lack of funds with which to complete the o

ing of data from field operations carried on during the 

1933 1934 and 1935 with emergency funds Approxima

cent of this office work remains to be done Without t

final step required to make the results of field srrce

for use a corresponding part of the expenditures for t

will have been wasted Efforts to secure funds for this p

ing the past year were unsuccessful

To the extent permitted by the finds at its disposal 

Coast and Geodetic Survey made good progress during 

branches of its work

Improved methods of hydrographic surveying notably 

ing and radioacoustic position finding continued as ex

portant factors in increasing the efficiency and reducin

of this cans of work Moro detailed survcvs of severa

valleys previously inadequately charted and the disco

features of this nature provided the mariner with addit

tnmit ies to ascertain his position and copse by means o

Of special interest are the encouraging results which ha

the efforts of the Bureau to develop an automatic buo

the much more expensive station ships now used for r

position finding Wirechug surveys on the Pacific c

safeguarded shipping by the discovery of a number of rock

to navigation

The appropriation for geodetic surveys permitted the 

ment of only a very small amount of this work but the 

able to render considerable assistance in this class of o

executing several special surveys required by other g

agencies which supplied the funds required

Special tide and current surveys providing essential 

information were completed on the coast of the State 

ton and in Los Angeles Harbor and San Pedro Channel 

The Bureau sprogram of earthquake investigation 

supply data of great value for governmental and priva

operations The work of measuring strong earth motio

from severe earthquakes heretofore carried on chiefly in 

was extended to Montana following the destructive earthq

occurred at Helena on October 18 and 31 1935

Emergency rxls continued to be available for aerona

ing and excellent progress was made in this class of work 

other operations of the Bureau are discussed more fully i

sections of this report

IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS AND EQUIPME

A considerable amount of development work was a

in the Instrument Division during the year As a resu

and experiments with various color filters for level an

telescopes a number of instruments were equipped wi

filters which increase definition and reduce the boili

heated air over roadways
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 

Gravity pendulums Nvere redesigned to accommodate a 

agate knifeedge bearing free from strain

An entirely new form of recording element for s

seismometers was designed and several units were bu

these new recorders which may be used anywhere where 

recording is desired whether seismographic or not dem

uniformity of the records obtained chatter of the 

having been entirely eliminated The setting and ad

been decidedly simplified over that of previous record

An instrument was designed to facilitate the delicate 

mounting fine cross wires in telescopes These fibers a

spiderweb or spun glass and are from one to three ten th

an inch in diameter The instrument rigidly controls a

and measures any desired spacing of the wires Unifo

applied to the material while mounting practically a

being eliminated

Compass deelinometers were improved by the additi

type of telescope which materially increases the closenes

the instrument may be pointed and permits sighting at 

In addition a variety of improvements and economieq w

cluding the construction of a special highspeed tide 

study of peculiar local tidal phenomena in Los Angeles 

construction of a special plate rack ai new soundin

machine a new chronograph for the gravity apparatu

elements of lesser importance

The Division of Hydrography and Topography deve

gasolinedriven sounding niacbine for use in verifying 

ings and obtaining bottom samples in deep water 

hydrographic launches of improved efficiency were desig

under contract and placed in operation

An electrical laboratory maintained by the Divi ioil 

work of maintainimg andimproving the Bureau secho s

radioacoustic equipment An outstanding accomplishm

laboratory was the development of a sonoradio buoy 

new and completely automatic item of radioacoustic eq

signed to receive underwater sound and thereupon to 

instantaneous radio signal Several of these buoys were 

and placed in operation for surveys on the Atlantic and 

While still in the experimental stage the results achie

warrant the belief that they can be used at least to a 

extent to replace the station ships now used in radioa

tion finding and thus further increase the economy of 

surveying

Improvements in reproduction methods employed b

Division have reduced the amount of labor involved 

vision s activities Without such economics in time a

Bureau would have been unable to handle the increase

wort while preserving the requirements of accuracy

The copper engraver is now furnished with intaglio 

zinc in order that he may secure sharper outline and fu

the impressions of his traursfer of chart compilations to 

The use of type on copper engraved charts has entir

hand engraving after a thorough test proved that the h

standards were maintained by the new method
128 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

A method was found to bleach to a paper whiteness t

plates used in the reproduction of charts which requi

changes in lettering The method permits superseded 

be painted out new type stuck up on the bleached plate

cates of the former negatives plus the changes required 

to be obtained all of which results in a minmmunr mumi

ing on the glass negatives

Standardized symbols for aids to navigation suc

beacons and buoys are now provided on gummed pape

both copper and lithographic engraved charts

COOPERATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES

Cooperation in Carrying out various projects was vXte

tically every bureau in this Department anlwith many o

mental and private agriecies

t

The Bureau cooperated with the Lighthouse Service 

Weekly Notice to Mariners to d made nnmer mu spec

and graphs for the Bnrean of lttil Cnuuueree the Light

ice and the Bureau of Foreignand Domestic Com merce 

partment and for various other agencies including fle

and Genm al Staff School Fort Leavemvorfh Xans u

Engineers Navy Department United Slates Marine C

States Weather Bureau United Stafes Biological Sur

of Agricultural Economic National Archives Na ti

Park and Planning Commission Division of Airways a

of the Works Progress Admimistration Social Security 

others This speoial work often required ihal hvdrorap

and airphoto compilations be verified aunt reviewed ahe

nfe ill order to furni hadvance print to intc rcsted Fede

A cooperative arrangement with the Iiithomse Se

promises vahiable results eras guratedduring the 

consists of an exchange of officers hriween the two bure

that each may begone more familiar will tle closely 

of the other service An officer of the Survey also was as

headquarters of the Charleston SClighihouse distri

maintaining close contact with the snpe uitendent of the 

the United States Engineers the Burmr obtained mu

chart information at a nominal cost It is believed that t

furtber tend toward standard practices in matters of m

A representative of this Bureau also continued of 

duty with the Post Office Dcpartuecnt as a member of 

ducting speed trials of vessels holding ocean niaif contra

Of popular interest was the detail of two officers w

cessful in helping to find by the nac of the Bnream s 

equipment an airplane and crew loA in Great Salt La

The following geodetic projects were handled on a 

basis for the organizations named

District of Columbia Virginia Boundary Commission 

ondorder triangulation along a portion of the Potomac 

Senate Oil Investigation Committee of California Lin

and traverse along the coast in the vicinity of Huntin

Calif to determine the position of the highwater Line
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 

Soil Conservation Service Secondorder triangula

Papago Hualapai and Mescalero Indian Reservation

controlled mosaics from air photos Similar work 

near the close of the year in reservations in South D

Washington and Wyoming

Internal Improvement Board of Florida Establis

gravity stations

Tennessee Valley Authority Strengthening of level li

nections with local levelin

Galveston District Engineer Corps of Engineers U

Army Some 250 miles of leveling in the vicinity of Ga

including connections made with an intricate system of le

the Houston Canal to establish bench marks for the 

Corps of Engineers in its local activities

Seismologrists of the University of Montana with fu

by the Public Works Administration Rerunning of old l

and new leveling extended in Helena Mont and vicinit

Florida mapping project under the auspices of the W

ress Administration and the United States Engineers 

ville Extension of triangulation from Orlando to T

from Orlando to Lake Okeechobee

Works Progress Administration project of Bing Co

Detail of an officer to assist in airphoto mapping an

necessary triangulation

The Bureau continued serving in an advisory capa

States in carrving on horizontal and vertical control sur

of the Works Progress Administration program on surve

as projects initiated by this Bureau in November 193

Civil Works Administration

There was assigned to each of the computing offices 

geodetic survey projects in Arkansas Connecticut and O

officer to organize and instruct the personnel paid by 

Progress Administration in geodetic computations Co

chines and logarithm tables were loaned and comp

supplied

The activities of the Division of Tides and Currents 

establishment of tide stations for the United States E

order to supply important data for use in connection wit

maquoddv tidal power project a study of the tides in Ba

to determine with precision the relations between 

planes in that body of water for the New Jersey Board 

and Navigation and a tide and current survey includ

study of seiche and surge of Los Angeles Harbor fo

department of Los Angeles

Cooperation with the Carnegie Institution of Washi

carries on several activities closely related to those of 

has been noteworthy In terrestrial magnetism there ha

effort in development and test of instruments maintena

netic standards and interloan of iustrunients which h

of mutual benefit The joint activity has resulted in t

of a cosmic ray meter at Cheltenham and of atmosp

and earth current instruments at Tucson the last wit
130 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF CODIMERCE

cooperation of the Mountain States Telephone Te

At the request of the committee on seismology of the 

stitution of Washingon additional level lines were run 

and there was cooperation with the seismological researc

at Pasadena which is operated jointly by that institut

California Institute of Technology

In seismological work there is so ranch cooperation 

few examples can be mentioned The Weather Bureau 

sity of California aid especially in the collection of ea

formation Organized groups of engineers and architect

nia and Stale educational institutions especially the 

Institute of Technology and Stanford University ha

active part ill strong motion work and related activities 

zation of results In immediate location of earthquak

there is close cooperation with Science Service and the 

mological Association

The inability of the Bureau to find inch time for in

of its results is partly compensated for by studies in ra

its records by the National Bureau of Standards Nav

Laboratory National Broadcasting Co and others a

research in magnetism by the Carnegie Institution of w

MISCELLANEOUS

There were but 1335enlplovices on duty in the Bureau 

1936 shown ilk the table following as compavecl with 202

respectively on the last day of the fiscal years 1934 and 

I includes 51 ovvihan employees on duty at the Manila field station and 50 number

Ship Fleenor paid by the Philippmo Insular government but under the jurisdiction of 

The library and archives acquired during the year 

graphic and 324 topographic sheets represent ingnew 

veys Other additions were 939 blueprints mostly surve

engineers 2588 maps 319 charts 14960 field office 

toiy records 276 negatives 378 prints 2311autern slide

and 3940 periodicals

Civilian st

staffs Cora mis Unclassified 

sioned sifted Core Was

borers La ncannen Hands

Regular appropriations

Washington office

Field service 16314 25673 5 1503 287 2

Total 177 328 5 503 237 2

121 21

Public Works funds

Washington oWce

Field service

Total 13 21 

Grand total 177 342 5 501 303 2

I includes 51 ovvihan employees on duty at the Manila field station and 50 number

Ship Fleenor paid by the Philippmo Insular government but under the jurisdiction of 

The library and archives acquired during the year 

graphic and 324 topographic sheets represent ingnew 

veys Other additions were 939 blueprints mostly surve

engineers 2588 maps 319 charts 14960 field office 

toiy records 276 negatives 378 prints 2311autern slide

and 3940 periodicals
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 

As heretofore stated the regular appropriations 

totaled 2360 90 These were supplemented by allotm

450 from Air Navigation Facilities 1936 3600 f

Industrial Recovery 193337 28000 from Public Wo

tration allotment to Commerce 193537 5000 fro

tennial Exposition 1000 front trust fund topograp

United States contributions 25000 from Public Wo

tration allotment to Interior and transferred to Co

Erosion Prevention 193537 and 22300 from Sal

penses Soil Conservation Service transfer to Com

In addition to these sums there were available sma

balances on account of appropriations and allotments 

year 1935

Collections on account of the sale of nautical cha

publications and miscellaneous Government property 

the Treasury Department to the account of miscellan

totaled 95589 74as compared with 75575 14during 

year an increase of approximately 25 percent

3

Disbursements during the year ended Time 30 

625 891 distributed among the various appr

follows

Repairs of vessels 19 35 

General expenses 1925 

Pay etc officers and men vessels 1035 

firndgation facilities13 

Pay mud nilowances couunlssioned officers 16 

Salaries 1936 

Party expenses 130 

Repair of vessels1936 

Goncral

Pay ete

expenses

officers uld

1936

men vessels 1036 

Air navigatiou faellifies 1930 

National Dulusirial Recovery 193337 

Puhlic Works Admiuistratiou allotmeut to Commerce Bureau 

fir Commerce 193537 

Chicago Worlds rail eptool tthll celehr z6ou 

California Pacific International EXpositiou 

Texas Centemilal Exposition 

Trust fund topographic survey of United States coutriblition

Sularics nut expenses Soil Conservation Service transfer 

Commerce C and G Survey act of Apr 27 1935 106 

Pay md allolv uees couunissioued officers 1933 

Party expense 193i

Total 

CHARTS

As alterations and natural changes are constantly oc

nautical charts become obsolete within a few months a

lication Constant revision of existing charts therefo

to the safety of navigation and daring the past year ne

130 charts were printed for this purpose

Extenion of detailed field surveys made possible th

of 17 new charts as listed below showing the latest ma
132 RrrORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMATERCE

ments on scales larger than those which bad been previo

of the same localities

AinssncnrlserrS Wellfleet Harbor and approaches from Cape 

MARYLAND Ilerring Itay to Magoth3 River Chesapeake Bay

NORTH CAROLINA

New River Inlet to Southport

Westward from Southport

SOMIT CAROLINA Wadmalaw River to Port Royal Sound

PwRiDA

Miami Harbor and entrance channel

Mostinno Itiver to Mot Gallie

Equ Gallie to Walton

Walton to Delray

LOUISL NA

Calcasieu Lake and Pass from the Gulf

Calcasieu Liver and Canal Lake Charles to Sabine River

CALrPORMA

Santa Catalina Island and adjacent waters

Sun Nicolas Island and adjacent waters

Sacramento River from Sacramento to Andras Island

ALASAA

Portland Canal north of Hattie Island

Coast front Coronation Island to Lishniski Strait

Kodiak Island Chiniak Bay to Dangerous Cape

Intracoastal waterway ebarts

In the above list there are included six of the propos

charts covering the new Intracoastal Waterway from N

to Miami Fla published on a scale showing clearly all 

information and depths required for convenient use of the 

with sufficient land area adjacent to them to identify 

locality and nature of the country traversed This serie

a popular demand not only for pleasure boats cruising 

waterway but by barge tows engaged in local freight

various communities ml iDbUld waters along the South At

Distribution of nautical and aeronautical charts 

publications during the year is shown by the following 

Item 1936 1935 

NauMW charts 275 800 309 765 

Aeronautical charts r

178 973 61266 

StrlP Wraps S rp ntiurr vheet 1286 9210 

4234 2907 

Mieellaneous amps 2857 2192 

United State must Pilot 6 117 6 077 

Intracoastal waterway pilots 1022 o13 

Distances between United Slates Ports 420 M 

Tide tables 24184 21094 

Currcnt tables 002 75x8 

Tidal current chart 1 0417 1705 

Practical air navigation 5167

1okll 521 630 924 27 

I Annual reports prior to 1936 did not include chart withdrawn from sale because of 

editions

The year 1936 saw the greatest increase in file compil

duction and issue of aeronautical charts of rely year sin

reau began their compiling and printing More copies we

1936 than in the 5 preceding yeas and as many new sec

were completed in 1936 as in the 4 preceding years N

times as many copies were issued in 1936 as in 1935
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 

This increase was occasioned by three main facto

charts were completed and mado available the Air 

military services discarded the use of the old strip m

greater use of the new sectional charts and these c

better known and of more value to the public than wh

ing sections were not available

1 ortyone new aeronautical charts were printed 

regional charts of the proposed new series covering a 

area on a smaller scale than that of the series of section

addition to the production of these new charts Fife ne

existing charts were printed The safety of the air 

quires accurate data of conditions existing at the time 

This service is perhaps file most essential feature of ch

to the aviator and confronts the Bureau with the nev

of collecting and revising information It is therefor

declare obsolete older editions when the accumulatio

changes in topographic fund aeronautical information 

of them unsafe

HYDROGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY

IFydrographic and topop rahie survey work which 

elerated for the preceding 2 years by emtergency fund

during the period of this report to the output obtainab

lar appropriations Early rrt the fiscal year 14 shore 

in on the Atlantic Gulf and Pcoasts were d

emergenc funds were exh utsted While uufortunat

these projects were brought to a state of completion a 

of work was clone which helped fill a serious need for 

quate inland waterways charts Although a great am

work vet needs to be clone in other areas the surveys h

to cover most of the important regions and bring up 

charts which for years were based on very old surveys 

present clay use

Om file Atlantic coast the two large vessels Onofl

Lydon7n and the tenders Gi7bert and Welker continu

the continental shelf together with inshore hydrogra

necessary control surveys ore the Virginia coast for r

shore and offshore charts of this region In Mav 19

took up the work of modernizing the charts of the 

New York Harbor where the outer submerged valley 

River was surveyed accurately for the first time by t

sounding and raclioaconstic ranging

Such submarine valleys are of great navigational 

merchant vessels equipped with eeluosonnding appar

when they lie along main shipping routes In additio

to navigation the discovery of those valleys undou

of wide influence in the science of geology and may c

damental concepts of the geology of our atlantic coas

est has been shown by geologists ire all of these new of

including those of 1933 3u which disclosed numerous 

in the coastal shelf off Delaware and Chesapeake Bay

ern detailed surveys made possible by methods dev

Bureau furnish a wealth of detail heretofore unav
134 rttsroRT or 1xr SECRETARY of COd4MERCP

In the Gulf of Mexico the ship Ilydrogmpher with 

Faris and Pratt continued surveys between the shore and t

imate 100 fathom curve west of the Mississippi Delta 

also found a submerged valley assnnted to be the ancien

the Mississippi River lying about 100 miles west of the pre

of the river

Coastal triangulation data Atlantic and Gulf coasts a

from the work of the expanded units hiring the past 2 

cluding descriptions and positions together with index ske

assennbled and lithographed in temporarv form to satis

for these data from Bltrean parties and other engineers 

tion of chrtum differences between the 1927 North Amer

and the odd North American datuut was aho made and 

in lithographic form to aid hydrog raphic and topograp

using this control

In the Pacific offshore areas were surveyed on the 

and Oregon coasts by the ships Grndr and Plopver Wir

veys of many important areas aloes the coastwise traffic 

demonarated the efficiency of this method of finling dan

in certain areas remain to disclosed by the usual hvdrog

veys A particular instance was at Chelco Covc Oreg 

exten iv lumbering project is being carried 11 Owing 

touching on all uncharted pinnacle rock in this cove other 

refused to go into the loadin g berth anchoring some dista

without shelter front prevailing northwesterly winds a

skiwin up loading and increasing the cost of operatio

detailed from the Cr uide swept the area with it wire drag 

four other rocks with less than all feet of water over th

tion to the rock on Avhieh the vessel rock A safe 

approaching tlae cove was found and an unnbAruc ted a

rerel water charted for it loading berth The manager 

her in expressing hi appreeiattion for this val

stated that by virtue of this survey it whole cunrnunity 

or ihese loading operations had been maintained in a se

status during the summer

The Aaspent the year on coastal triang ulatiou 

for chart revision in Puget Sound

wildnat

In Alaska

and

the

IIe1 ianthwe

Surveyor

continued

and Di worrrw

curveYs

with

in the

tende

Aleu

westward from Ultimak Pass as part of the program 

the entire Aleutian chain to enable ship sailing bet

Sound and the Orient to use the great cle route throu

Pas and the Bering Sea This route is not used becaus

90o nautical mile of uncharted water lie between Unim

Cape Wrangel in the Bering Sea Bogoslof Island an 

canic ishuul in the Bering Sea lying near this proposed 

surveyed accurately for the first tivav and the surroun

charted Iu the spring of 1936 the liWdand tool up sv

vicinity of u

llean and also triangulation up idle Chi

Skagway Rivers in cooperation with the Lternationa

Couuaission
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 

In the Philippine Islands the Pebtl6fmder remained 

missioned status and the Fathomer working under Ph

Government funds continued surveys in the vicinity of B

and Eastern Luzon

The 13 United States Coast Pilot volumes published 

contain a wide variety of important information su

that shown on the chart such as a description of the co

lnation concerning waterways as well as maritime da

ports of the United States and possessions It is essen

pilots be kept up to date and this is done by annual sup

revisions based on field examinations During the yea

ments were published and three new editions were wr

these new editions United States Coast Pilot Gulf Co

to the Rio Grande contains the former Inside Route P

to the Rio Grande

Two field examinations were made one of the section 

tic coast from Sandy Hook to Cape Henry including Ch

Delaware Bays and the other of the New Jersey Inlan

The base topographic maps compiled from aerial p

coastal areas have found wide popularity among man

and private surveying organizations This most econo

of surveying inaccessible regions has made accurate 

large scale available for many important sections

I111oraphy topography and cri etalINwelulatioa

nydrography Topography C

Locality Pound Len

me Area Sound inga Shore line Area o

hues sch

Buzzards Bay to Sew naven Mass I Square Square 

achu Rhode island and Con Mu mules Number Miles oil s Mi

necticut 438 7 15 ID3 144 84 

APproache5 to New Perk Huber

Now York and New Jersey coasts 5835 4274 48616

Vicinity of New York Cay and New

Jersey coast 992 189

Metedecouk Keck to Cape ray

N J 878 8 37711 422 160 

D

No Jersey and Penns y aria 24 187 

CBay 1 218 123 

sad1 nay Va 6783 3134 79531

Norfolk River 109 85

Alligator Alligaor lice fiver to Nauss River

N C

2

113 93542 685 542 

St Johns Fla 482 23 3943 369 98 

Fort de C Pla Key Laudea

1398 2 3 47723 200 132 

achee y Fla 354 23 13814 

Louisiana Cot asBay oasbore 9471 5276 93807

Louisiana La CoasaLt oaf atheMnCaliforniaia 74 1181118 4322803 411 05 

Co niallier California fora 3056U50 936 47692 52 21 

Columbia Rk Ricer Oregon and Wash

iton n43 30 23869 91 2 

Puget Sound ash 2 2N5 115 71660 270 61 

Acun me Alaska 112211nli itU 270 423 

Southeastarriern NloAlnskx Ia 4 7 049 No 17 2 

Philippine Islands 1987 217 5080 134 255 

Total 56203 4318 839 908 4079 2332 
136 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Or COAHNIBRCE

GEODESY

Geodetic operations consisting principally of triang

leveling furnishing the fundamental control for all maps 

were largely curtailed shortly after the beginning of the 

with the exhaustion of emergency funds On account 

funds for office processing much nuceded data that could 

from field work already clone cannot be made available 

Government bureaus and private engineers These data a

prerequisites in any national mapping plan adopted by t

mient as the bases for topographic mapping and for fle 

additional arcs of triangulation and lines of levels Un

computing has been completed the mapping cannot go f

can other triangulation and leveling be extended since 

upon geographic positions and elevations to be fixed by the 

work

During the year 2720 miles of first and second orde

tion and 6924 miles of first aucl secondorder leveling 

pleted All of this work was directed toward the plan t

triangulation station and a bench marls within 10 to 15 mi

point in the United States

Two astronomic parties and a baseline part cond

operations for the establishment of Laplace stations and b

control the directions and len ths in the arcs of triangula

A gravity party was in operation during most of the 

establishing stations in Connecticut Florida Massach

York Pennsylvania and Rhode Island Two new sets of 

gravity apparatus and a new gravity chronograph have 

pleted in the Instrument Division of the Bureau

In August 1935 a gravity apparatus of the Holweck

was purchased from the inventor and manufacturer whos

ters are in Paris France This apparatus has not been pla

use due to necessary adjustments and replacements of 

It is very rapid in operation and will probably give more 

the number of stations obtainable with the Brown appa

latter however is capable of greater accuracy and it is ex

the fundamental stations will continue to be established b

The variation of latitude stations at Ukiah Calif an

burg Md were in continuous operation These are two 

of five stations established around the world on the para

tude 39 08 north operated with a view to keeping a re

changes of latitude which are due mainly to the change 

stantaneous pole of rotation in the body of the earth The 

essential to practically all astronomical observatories wh

done in the astronomy of position and are also of importa

ous geophysical investigations
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 

Geodetie triangulations base lines reconnaissance and leveling 

cal and gravity observations

Length 

Locality of Area Locality 

Scheme 

TRIANGULATION FIRST ORDER Square RECONNAISSANCE TRIANGULATIONFIRST CDtinue

OR

Watertown S Oak to Cedar Lake Minn Mole155 rni n 1550 Gunnison Colo to Walcott W

Livamster Pll to Elkton Md 45 720 Longmont to Youahal Co

ion City Ill to Sinsinawa Wu 130 1300 Elk6arL to Ale andrm lad 

Guttenberg to Waverly Iowa 65 650 IDl uncle to fiction InL 

Rothsay to Frazee MI 35 420 TuscnaNev to King 

Belfast to Ilorian N Y 30 300 Idaho 

Hart isburg to Boal burg PA 70 700 Norheun to Columbus Mont 

Watertown to Gettysburg S llak 145 1450 Ticernlle to lloughoa S C 

Buena Villa to Anbrofto Colo 116 1W Spokane to Seattle Waeh 

Parks Nebr to Longuwnt COlc 160 2400 Durkee Oreg to Cloverl

Ilaeketletown K J to Staten Is Wash 

land S 1

95 900 Bloomington to Michigan C

Fealhen illoto Ring Bill 111110 200 300 Im 

DL auhl to Churl Mont MIA Pulaski to North INGlnche ler

Soulo Mont to headquarters Stihavdlo to Ruhhv lleInd 

Idaho Grave Peak to Lookout Grand Rapids to Basswood L

Aiountnia 1dallo PS 3 50u Blma anal Cobalt to roh

Sulplulr Ney tomlre as Orec CO 100 Loke Lnn 

1v11 urglam S iu bin Lmenwarth to Liberty Wa

Ehnbelh Ifasc Net S L 5 23 Ina band to Inntaha Oreg 

Vicinity of Livmeslon Mont 

Total 1410 17555 lenl dle Fruitland frtnb 

Tuilahhee Ala to E bro Ila 

TRLIEC4LATIOS SRCOSO OItDF R

solal 

Japer toRheaton Dlinn 123 1250

Slopstgne to Louisedle K 11 t 03 RECONNAISSANCE SFcOND OR

CeSCII ill to Minn 811 aC6 TRl iN4 LITI11

Sherburn tolectoraln 63 6311

Vlcinlp cf Portland Oreg 1 70 950 St John to lansb N Fa

Polonmc River tlnet of Calnm Sepslona to LUllLbNOIC KY

Pittsburgh Pa We11

binClrgima boundary

Papago Indian Rcseneuoi Ariz Sall in 5 61135

to

N 1

I1dapal Indian Resn wbo Anz 113 1525 Sherburn tolectoLan 

Afesealero Indian Reservat ion Potomac River I lstrutofCo

NMec 1011 1i00 boo irCinul boundary 

Paweifuck ldvor Conn and R I

lit 50 Nanlburg to Carlh nd N Y 

Mattoon to Titusville Fla 33 215 Encinal to GondlelC incina

1nd oIentlyd to blleue 

Total 180 13930 to 1 C

ortl d to enodlet

TRVEI2SE SECOND ORDER Load p1911 tC

la Jun eerr

L 

IIuntintoAeach Calif 38

Ven

rlhg N Y to NiiIII 

tboro i 

k N llak to Re

Vcnt

BASE LINES FIRST ORDER g DaVe

Mont VernontV 

Missoula Mont 53 S 

talk to Mount Vernon ern Dto 

Battle MOUnrnin Nev 71

e ekgsbur to nnvRel V

Elk o ev 43 Kurtz to PaolF 

Reed Nev S Conee eci

o NN Iand C

IIomeoColo f2 vale to Ancho ec

F

Lee to York Fla 

lizaboth N J

49

Sbndy LO Li ly Fla 

Total 33 W Te and 

larc rulelo titotoOkeechobebee Fla 

RECONNAI FIRST ORDER

mrtmacuTloN Car Woc

Flla Flato Opelika to Ca A

ll 

ly 9r

Cuelata 

Lowell Ma Alvn IAY

15 1350 Bllle Ear th M

t L

350 oFairhav en 95 Iowa 

Lancaster ancaster Ptoto Elkton Md 455 720 Indiau Reseron A 

to Earl N Uak 130 100 IllWLIfl apm In R

a 

Hender Mat thewsM

100 10000 Aria 

MissoulaatoTr it Creek I1Mont

G

O to Adrian 130 1 IDles India Iiesenm

eorge town hi N Aero4erMichich 

210 2106 Pleasant Cap to Cnssotfl Al

A Mont 12athdrum Nicevdle Fla to CRlholm A 

Laramie Idaho River valley Wyo 10055 28825 Total 
138 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

Geodetic triangulations base lines recorinaissaalce and levelivif a

cal and gravity obsGt rationsCwrtinned

Locality First Second Locality 

order order 

LEVELING LEVELINGcontinued

JBIO JfBles 

California 148 697 North Carolina 

CNnrado 9 555 oAl Thorn 

Georgia 80 5 oreemi 

Idaho 50 809 Peine ylvavia 

Maine

Kansas 390 Tennessee 

99 824 Tevis 

Maryland 46 Wah 

Minnesota 147 810 Vermont 

MoRana 147 W Virginia 

Nevad 3W Aavhinetnn 

New llamPShlre 1 9 West Virginia 

Now Me 1C0 26 154

Now York 

27 41 Total

Number of determinations Number of 

Locality Aetronomietl Locality Astronom

GraV 

Leti Longf Azi Lath Lon i

ity 

Wde tulle muth tulle tude 

ASTRONOMICAL ACTItONOMIIAL

AEG GRAVITY

AND GRAVITY

DETERAt INATIONS

GETERMIN I

TIONS CON

Arizona 3 3 3 Montana ri 6 

Arkansas

C

1 I 1 NehraaLa 4 5 

3 3 3 N 3 3 

Colohoraado 2 2 2 NewowMc 8 4 

ConnecM1CUt 21 YGo York

Florida 20 Ninth Dako tees 86 

Georgia 1 1 I oAlahm an 2 2 

Idaho I 1 I L 2 

Illinois 1 1 Rhode Ihumi 

Iowa I 1 1 South Carolinaa 1 

KrE 5 5 5 SGUIh 3 

Kentno 1 I 1 Ieas 14 

anamt 1 1

1 stet Wyoungtan 3 4 

Masnaas chusettsRyomsett 0 ing 1 1 

Miu stet 2 2Missouri 60 0 

2 2 2 Total

Activity lions Mlles Activity 

SUMMARY SuMARYenui d

Triangulation Ltweling

Firstorder 1440 Fusbonler 

Secondorder 1280 Second order 

Traverses second order 38 dsLrnmmienl dcterminatimis

Baselines hintorder 331 Latitud 

Reconnaissance Longitude 

First ordertriangulation 3275 Azinmth 

Secondorder triangulation 3030 Gnnity deternunation

Total 

The office computations and adjustments of 17 arcs of 

and 18 arcs of second order triangulation were comple

the year with the computations of 12 arcs of firstorder 

of second order triangulation in progress Office comput

also made of 12 firstorder and 4 secondorder bases ti 
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 

in New York City was engaged on triangulation le

coordinate computations during the first 0 months of 

About 50 separate lines of levels were adjusted to the 

lists of descriptions and elevations of bench marks fo

levels were distributed to engineers and surveyors on s

lists

Personnel detailed to the Washington office by the C

neers United States Army adjusted the triangulati

Mississippi River from New Orleans to the Delta Th

for the publication containing the results of this ad

also prepared

Pour geodetic manuals were received from the print

year two on plane coordinates one of special gravi

one giving factors for the new international spher

publication covering triangulation in California and a 

publication were also printed while one on the tria

Minnesota was nearly completed

TIDES AND CURRENTS

Besides directing the related field operations tide 

activities include the tabulation and reduction of tide

records the determination of tidal datum planes and 

tion of the annual tide and current tables tidal curren

bench mark descriptions and other publications

Long series of title observations are essential for 

of data for hydrographic control for the reduction 

of short series of obervations to mean values for the a

mination of datum planes and for the determinati

changes ill relation of hold to sea During the yea

tide stations for such observations were in operation 

were on the Atlantic coast 4 oil the Gulf coast 9 o

coast 2 in Alaka and 1 in the Hawaiian Islands Si

stations were conducted in cooperation with other 

United States Engineers six stations Navy Depart

tions and one station each with the Woods Hole O

In4itute the Los Angeles Harbor Department the 

Monica and the territorial survey of Hawaii

Data obtained at the primary stations were sup

observations at 546 secondary tide stations These in

operated on a cooperative basis with the United Stat

University of Pashington Biological Research Bure

Washington Suburban Sanitary District Maryland P

Power Co Alaska Port of Iillipa Bay Wash S

ware and the Port of Oakland Calif

Comprehensive tide surveys of coastal sections su

data for the accurate determination of local datum pla

relation to mean sea level The constantly increasing v

front property makes such information of prime imp

determination of boundaries Special current surveys 

waterways are also required for an understanding o

circulation of the tidal water essential to both navigati

engineering The tide survey of the coast of Wash

in May 1934 was completed in October 1935

101602 3012
140 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

Special current observations were obtained on Stoiw H

Cross Pip Fland7 nrch ief and Pollock Pip Liglitships 

of current observations started last year in San Pedr

Calif through a cooperative arrangement with the Lighth

ice was completed October 10 19 5 Observations were ta

throughout the period of the urvey from a relief lightsh

for that purpose in approximately CO fathoms of wate

tion to the current observations wave movements tempe

salinity of the water and the velocity and direction o

were observed

Aside from their utilization in the construction of cha

and current data obtained by the Bureau are made avai

public in tide and current tables and miscellaneous publi

The tide tables an indispensable aid to navigation of m

draft vessels are issued annually in two volumes The T

Atlantic Ocean 107 contain daily predictions of the 

heights of the tide for 49 ports together with data for obt

dictions at some 2350 other places Much new and re

for our South Atlantic and Gulf States were incorporate

formalion derived from extensive hydrographic survev

those areas luring the past several Az ars The Tile Tab

Oce and Indian Ocean 1937 contain daily predictio

ports and differences anl conslants for obtaining pre

about 1800 other places New anal revised data for th

Washington were incorporated in the tables front infor

rived from the recent tide survey of that State

Two current tables are also issued annually that the m

have advance information relative to the velocity and d

the current likely to be encountered at any time in our coa

The Current Tables Atlantic Coast 197 contain daily 

of the times of slack water and the times and velocities 

of flood and ebb for 18 reference stations together wit

obtaining predictions for about 900 other places All da

tucket and Vineyard Sounds were revised in accordanc

results from a recent current survey The usefulness of 

was further extended by the inclusion of daily predictions 

Bay entrance Alabama and Galveston Bay entrance Tex

with data for a number of places in the Gulf of Mexico an

Rico The Current Tables Pacific Coast 1957 contain 

dictions for 11 reference stations with differences for obt

dictions for some 500 other places

Tidal bench mark publications for the use of engi

issued for the States of California Rhode Island and Ma

and those for South Carolina Georgia New York and 

in progress

A manual of tide observations Avas published for the 

giving the general requirements of the Bureau in carry

tidal work and to serve as a guide for those engaged in 

observations

The manuscript of a special publication giving in de

sults of current surveys in Narrangansett and Buzzards 

Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds was completed
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 

The basic data compiled in the preparation of th

have been utilized to supply information to the pub

other purposes Tiae and current data have been 

private corporations universities municipal governm

eral departments for use in diverse engineering and s

ties Considerable data were also prepared and certi

admiralty cases and special tide predictions supplied 

and almanacs throughout the country An increasin

been noted for tide and current forecasts for use in s

TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM

Most of the Bureau s work in terrestrial magnet

purpose of determining the changes in magnetism wit

the values of the magnetic declination at about 6000 

kept up to date This 1s accomplished by means of fie

the operation of five magnetic observatories

Principal uses of the information obtained are nod

gator and aviator the geological prospector using mag

and the investigator of radiotransmisslon problems a

The field survey consists principally of Observat

stations at 5 rear intervals Observations at other p

erally confined to magnetic declination and include o

airports to provide data for testing magnetic airpla

outlining of areas of local magnetic disturbance and 

values at various places along the coast especially 

where vessels correct their compasses

The field work during the vear was sufficient to nu

to prepare the manuscript for the usual five yearly 

Declination in the United States and the isogonic c

Observations were made at an airport in Ncw fork 

local disturbance on the Delaware River near Wilming

in Alaska to provide better data for the charts by the 

parties engaged in general surveys

The distribution of the magnetic observations ma

year is shown in the following table

Obsen atwns Obs

Repeat sta Other sta Repeat sta 

State tions tions State tons 

a W E

F F O 

Alabama 1 1 I Minnesota 2 

Alaska 12 12 Missouri 2 

Arknnsns 1 1 1 3 Ken Jersey 

Calitnrnia 2 2 Net York 

couneetiont 1 1 Ohto 

Delaware U 5 Oregon 

Illinois 1 2 1 2 6 Pennsylvania 

Indiana 2 3 3 8 Washington 

Imaa 1 3 4 isconsin

Louisiana 2 1 2

btargland 10 19 1 1 2 Total

Michigan 2 2 4
142 REPORT Or THr SECRETARY Or COABIRRCI

The magnetic observatories have continued to make m

servations which began in the year following the name 

servatory as follows Cheltenham Md 1901 San J

1926 Tucson Ariz 1909 Honolulu Hawaii 1902 

Alaska 1902

At the Cheltenham observatory particular attention has 

to comparison of instruments of various kinds with a view 

tion of errors and improvement of recoils so that there 

work necessary in field and office in obtaining records and 

them for publication

The steady demand for magnetic information has been m

letters or through publications Laud snrvevors have r

sistance in connection with the retracing of lines of o

surveys During the year a number of publications of m

formation by States chiefly prepared during the previous 

issued so that the information is available in this form fo

The observatory records are in demand for several p

sides their basic one of furnishing information regardi

in the magnetism for correction of field results and s

poses In the search for oil and minerals investigators of 

formations by magnetic methods use observatory data 

information regarding nnaannetic storms which vitiate th

Announcement of this is furnished by telegram so that 

sary precautions can be taken or the work stopped until 

has ceased Investigators of radio transmission find it n

receive weekly copies of the records of one or more ob

At the request of the International Meteorological Organiz

netic character of clays was prepared for several observato

year 1906 and earlier

SEISMOLOGY

The seismological work of the Bureau includes the col

publication of earthquake information derived from 

sources the operation of seismographs and the interpr

their records the immediate determination of earthquake 

the operation of strongmotion instruments and the analys

records the determination of natural periods of buildiuL s

structures and of the ground and the measurement of til

activity described elsewhere is geodetic work in regions 

earthquakes

The basis for dealing with earthquakes of the future is 

edge of what has occurred in the past The history of an 

is obtained from reports of visible and fell effects and fr

mental observation the former of which cone from wide

operation on the part of organizations and individuals 

mental data are derived from a number of seismological ob

of which the Bureau operates four directlySan Juan P 

son Ariz Honolulu T H and Ukiah Calif at the Int

Latitude Observatory and five cooperativelyCohunbia 

cago Ill Bozeman and Butte Mont and College near 

Alaska A number of independent stations also make th

available Many of these records are furnished to various 

tions for special studies
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 

Inmlediate determination of earthquake epicenters 

the cooperation of Science Service and the Jesuit Seis

sociation from advance information from some of thes

from other sources Information in regard to earthqu

various sources mentioned is published in the form of 

reports of instrumental results and preliminary rep

quake activity for various parts of the country and In 

in the annual United StatesParthquakes publications

The study of strong earth motions and related activ

carried on chiefly in California was extended to M

valuable records were obtained at Helena The work 

cluding recording and analysis of strong earth motion

accelerographs displacement meters and Weed instrum

dition the natural periods of buildings other structur

ground most be obtained becsoise ranch earthquake d

ascribed to resonance or the presence of the saute period

waves as in structures

Fifty instruments wear operated in California one 

one in Panama Canal Zone and one each were held 

emergency use in Washington D C and Chicago I11

Ten strongi n Lion records were obtained in Californ

tana and 1 in Panama Of tbese one was completel

extended mathematical treatment Good progress was 

oping a graphical method of analysis

One hundred and seventeen vibration observations we

buildings and 5 tests were made to determine ground p

observations were made on bridges exclusive of 20 sp

tions 2 were made on elevated water tanks 0 specia

were made in buildings 1 observation was made on 

test on a lain and 23 ground tests were made with a 

signed shaking machine Much attention was given to 

tion of the data obtained chiefly during the previo

augmented funds The publication was nearly ready 

the close of the year

Four tiltmeters cunt inued operation with the coop

University of California

Improvements were made in the design of strongm

graphs four of which have been under construction fo

tana 1 publication was prepared on The Selection O

Installation of Seismographs

BUREAU OF MARINE INSPECTION 

NAVIGATION

ADMINISTRATION

In reviewing the work of the Bureau for the past ye

to direct attention to the consideration given its nee

Congress Several legislative steps were taken which 

strengthen the position of this I3ureau in promoting 

at sea

The 1929 Safety of Life at Sea Convention wus ratif

An act of nmcl importance was Public Law No 622 o

fourth Congress which provided for a change in the 

the Bureau together with certain reorganization featu

tend to increase its efficiency This same act also c

casualty investigation boards clothed with power to 

reaching investigations of marine casualties

Laws relating to American seamen were amended Io

the improvement of conditions with regard to both the 

ship personnel

Legislation was also enacted authorizing the Bureau 

special regulations governing the construction and ope

vessels and to require load lines on vessels of 150 gros

enraged in coastwise trade

Since this legislation was enacted at the close of the 

Congress the matter of giving proper effect to these 

be accomplished during the beginning of the next fisca

During the year just closed the added activity of 

Division has progressed in its study of existing seago

vessels covering subdivision and stability in damage

These studies in connection with the seagoing passenge

been completed and recommendations made to the oper

provide additional safety features in design or operat

not meeting the new high technical standard or to 

vessels from passenger service In this concentrated eff

the safety of ships the Bureau is very much indebted t

cooperation of the operators themselves who without e

governed themselves by these recommendations This is 

the fact that 126 vessels of the 216 made the subject of 

were found to be below the standard and improvements 

in 85 of this number and the remaining 41 will be remo

passenger service

The fact that there were no lives of passengers lost 

vessels during the past fiscal year incident to ship ope

sizes the safety of travel on American ships
146 REPORT OF THl SECRETARY OF COMIMERCE

The general work of the supervision of the merchant 

seagoing merchant personnel vested in this Bureau by 

act has proceeded along regularly established lines The 

tion and administratiou of the navigation and steamboa

laws covering documentation inspection of bulls boilers 

ment examination and licensing of officers certification 

men and lifeboat men Ship Mortgage Act entry and 

vessels movement of vessels welfare of seamen admeasu

line adjudication of penalties collection of fees tonnag

and the compilation of Federal statistics of the merch

have been prosecuted with increased efficiency

Iu the enforcement of the rules and regulations go

movement of vessels in the St Marys River patrol of cou

regattas and marine parades the Bureau is indebted t

Guard which operated in its usual efficient maimer und

and regulations of the Department

TECHNICAL DIVISION

For the purpose of recording the fact bistorically th

Division was inaugurated with a limited foree in Feb

Its duties at first consisted in studying strueiural plan

submitted by owners to observe compliance with rules of 

and to snake recouuneudations to increase safoty of pass

Advice has been freely given to naval architects and oth

erable methods and tabulation of data in connection w

sion and stability calculations in danmaged condition P

conducting inclining experiments has been 

ballast has been added to a number of ships to bring them 

stability requirements In June 1936 due to enlarging t

of the Technical Division the title of the old Technic

was changed to Structural and Stability Section In 

retaining its former functions matters in connection w

tection fire defecting tests on life preserver lifeboats 

and parachute flare pistols have been transferred to 

Since the setting cup of this section studies on subdivisio

aged stability on practically all oceangoing paussouger 

been brought to a conclusion and recommendations fo

the vessels have been made to the respective owners 

for load lines based on subdivision requirements as the 

new coastwise loadline amendment and ratification of th

Life at Sea Convention have also been added to the d

Structural and Stability Section Load lines so determ

designated on vessels by the mark C1 and in special 

mark C2

ADMEASURTiMENT OF VESSELS

Incoming reports and other data from the collectors 

show that during the fiscal year ended June 30 1936 131

196 73 tons gross were adneasured for documentatio

cedure for finding the towage of 60 of these aggreg

tons gross was reviewed by this office Among them are 
BUREAU OF NAVIGATION AND STEAMBOAT INSP

of 7224 tons each built in the district of Philadelp

ranging from 7 to 700 tons gross

There is a marked increase over last year svesse

both in number of vessels and tonnage assigned them

Readmeasured under the provisions of article 45 we

the gross tonnage of which was changed from 424 073 

203 069 tons net to 420 505 tons gross and 268 659 tons 

During the year a Special appendix to certificate 

American passenger vessels was issued to each of eigh

LOAD LINE

The total number of inspectious of vessels at time o

15664 of which 9112 were foreign and 6252 domestic 

of violations apprehended was 39

During the year 255 loadline certificates were issue

vessels on the international form and 56 certificates 

vessels belonging to countries not signatories to the 

Load Line Convention Ihe total number of vessels 

Iine certificates were issued is 159 Animal inspect

1208

PASSENGER ACT OF 1882

The enforcement of this law through the marine d

customhouses during the fiscal year 1936 affected 829 vo

ing IOS 1S0 steerage passellers The purpose of the 

to provide for the welfare health conditions food sep

sexes and care in case of ilhtcs This information was 

the compilation of report received monthly from col

tonis at all headquarter ports of vessels arriving at thes

oil board steerage passengers

NAVIGATION PATROL SERVICE

One important dnt of this Bureau is the supe

310 00 motorboats in the countt vthrough the enforc

navigation laws This is done by the patrol vessels o

six of which were in operation at the beginning of th

Atlantic and Gnlf coasts and on the Great Lakes Dur

of the yearhothree of these were placed out 

becau eof obsolescence In addition to the work clone 

mill inspector was detailed to the Pacific coast and a

Aiississippi Ricer to enforce navigation laws in these l

The same cooperation on the part of many moto

yacht clubs motorboat organizations etc has been in 

year as usual and is well i1111strated by the lack of frict

renumbering of all motorboats which vvas required 

Stnngghn Act

Of the total of 11548 violations reported daring th

inspections

were relwrted by the vessels of the Bureau as a res
148 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

The following table shows the number of violations of la

to the Department by the various branches of the Fed

engaged in the enforcement of the navigation laws

Headquarters port Total Deyn Eala ken Kil ny Nathan iga Psycho Slwach Gusrd mspeLocatrs 

Baltimore

Boston

1405 136 220 5U 946 13 

304 294 11 

Bridgeport 183 16 138 

Buffalo 297 23 41 

Chulos to

Chicago8

159 26 58 35 

Cleveland 192 27 78 

Detroit 

168 2U 64 

Duluthr 5 4 

Homolu on

8i6 78 4 

73onalulu 3

4

Juneau 59 4 

Los Angeles 310 51 1

Louisvillele 10 1 

Mom phis 34 

Milwaukee 9 3 

Mobile 191 73 50 37 

Newe Orleans1W 9 108 1

New York 031 40 639 50 

Norfolk 793 223 59 12 386 63 

hnr6 18 18 

Pembaembina 4 

Philadelphia 330 124 21 37 

bur4h 3 

Port Arthur IOU 80 3 

Portland Maine 251 275 18 

Portland Oreg 51

ence 62 37 4 

Rocheshester 31 30 4 

St Albans 4 

StPau 21 2l

San Antonio 03 lfi 14 

San Diego 1 36 

San anisw 178 237 

San JuanUa 

Savannah 160 109 

Seattle 205 37 

Tampa 1M 15 153 695 50 39 

Wihniogton 498 254 OS 51 3 

Total 11548 1226 942 149 773 112 2107 1043 8

During the year 11548 violations of the navigation 

considered in connection with the natigation or remiss
BUREAU OF NAVIGATION AND STEAMBOAT INSPE

penalties incurred The following table shows the en

such laws by customs districts and the laws violated

Headquarters port

e

m

m C G

2

A 

Baltimore 1406 4 1048 21 5 2 23 

Boston 304 1 203 36 30 5 11 3 

Bridgeport 183 5 135 2l 7 1 

Buffalo 297 137 5 22 

Charleston 159 3 91 13 4 5 7 

Chicago 8 5 3

Detroit

Cleveland 192 1 8l 10 1 l2 4 1 

Duluth

108 4 63 25 4 3 10 5 2 

10 3 1 2 4

86 1 58 1 1 4 1 

nonoluh 73 0 23 3 1 1 

Juneau ales 59 2 3 26 4 4 5 Los 319 19 113 41 4 3 4 1 

Louisville to 1 1 8

34omphis 14 4 7 2 

MOwaukee 9 3 2 1 I 

Mobile 191 147 21 9 1 

New Orleans

New 130 12 I 048 York

44 19 85 21 

031 19 601 131 7 3 40 I0 

Nor1Nk 703 5 S2 27 1

4 1 I3 11 

Ogdm burg 2R t1 3 1 

Petnbma 4 1 2 

lePha

336 18 134 R

11 7 4 

pittsb Pit snrch 3 1

Po 100 64 14 1

Portlandland hur Maine 251 202 17 I 3 

Portland Ore 51 23 14 1 1 

epee 62 4 51 l 

Roche tee 323 6 

St Mb 4 1

SAml nPaol 21 19 Sao 1 nluuio fi3 4 1 

San Diego 177 17 69 7 7 3 28 

SanFanea 1 14 7 138 28 4 11 4 4 2 

S

Sart Jua 400 7 8 5 1 2 

16 4 114 12 1 2 4 1 

Seattle 265 16 U 6i 1 12 15 21 2 

Tampa 19 3 1 11

B 12 31 6 

dmmgton 478 2 307 40 5 14 3 

Total 11348 170 6 150 819 6 4 I 149 81 332 78 
150 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

The following is a comparative statement of violati

navigation laws 193136

Port 1931 1932 1933 1934 

ore

5191 1353 77

i

285 374 I

BoaLOn 5U9 693 230 

BMgoport

Buirol

163 63 165 100 

83 24 21 94 

oharlmtou 49 52 i 43 77 

Chicago 37 24 m 12 

aod 167 I0 83 110 

Detroit 187 101 174 35 

Duluthluth 20 3 4 

Galveston 39 0 15 33 

nwwlulu 15 35 2

8U 

IndianaPOhS 4 4 2 2 

47 it 52 41 

Los Angel r ea 400 237 973 j 26 

Louisville U i9 4 

Mem Me phls 48 64 1

54 87 36 

Milwaulrce

Mobile 95a

2 28 6

171 133 

New Orleans I 187 W1 537 755 

New York 828 e 2 IiS 3733733 

Nogales

Norfolk 1 4 

Ogdensburg I

1 22828 2Il 335

5

I 1 3 Pembina 

J

ay

PhlladelDhiJ 1

611 d40 418 f 11 

Pittsburyh

9 21 13 2 1 

Part Arthur 26 13 i 13n 34 

Portland Mamo 315 3701 al 32 

PortlandOrcg 129 118 87 45 

Providence 47 151 11 1

12 

Itidater 86 37 34 ltki 

StAlbs an 170 I 1 3 

St Louis G I

4 f 4 1 10 

StPaul 722 4411 411 4 

San Antonio 

San Diego 22 80 0 14

San Francsal 232 252 102 143 

San Juan 23 15 1 1 it 

Savannah 91 6 94 19 

Seattle 581 176 45111 340 

Tanrpa 928 1037 1688 1 790 

Wilmington I9G 116 37 69 

7187 I 8062 Total 0152 5817 

NAVIGATION RECEIPTS

During the year the Bureau has collected through ton

navigation fees and navigation fines1791 82 91 The 

shows these collections in detail

June 30 Tonnage duties Navigation fees Pahues on

i

1335

1932 1561

1

W93 5191 1353 77 3521 19 

452 25711 79149 83 311 806 90 

1917 1393 76 id9 8U8 93 49962 37 
BUREAU OFAtiIGAT10N AND STEAMBOAT INSPE

W

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152 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

d

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BUREAU OF NAVIGATION AND STEAMBOAT INSP

REINSPECTIONS

Locainspection Steam Motor Burger Total Local inspection Steam 

district port vessels vessels etc district port vessels 

meet ern

Be Francisco Calif Los AngelesK 1013 478 1 14911 Point VaPleasnt W 6 

Portland Oreg 75 22 97 Detroit Mich 73 

Honolulu Hawai 34 13 47 Chicago I11 22 

Now York N Y

Albany N Y 70339 19734 4 90173 Dulut Grand haven MinnMich 3310 

Now haven Court 12 69 Sl Marquette Mich 16 

Philadelphia Pa 121 111 232 Milwaukee Wis 10 

NorfolkVa 67 15 2

84 Port Huronbhio Mich 8 

Baltimore Aid Cbarleston S C 52 404 5640 Cleveland Buffalo N Y 4311 

Jacksonville Fla 14 114 128 Oswego N Y 10 

Savannah Go 18 27 45 Toledo Ohio 12 

St Louis Ato 7

4

7 New Orleans La 84 

Dubuque Iowa 3 3 Galveston Tex 2 

Boston Mass 75 5 80 San Juan PR 11 

Bangor Maiue 2 4 6 Tampa Fla 6 

New London 11 19 80 Seattle Wash 16 

Maine anee 81 2 63 Juneau Alaska 3 

ProvikI 24 3 27

3 3 Total 1936 1857 

Mementp l

P

phis Tenm 2 2 Total 1935 2180 

P a 9 3

li

Pincinnatiati 21 323 

Bangor Maine

21 Decrease

MISCELLANEOUS INSPECTIONS

Statement of steam vessels granted letters of approval of designs 

and other operating nmdunery inspected under an net of Congres

1010 which vessels tire not inspected annually only one inspecti

letter of approval hubs of United States Government vessels ins

in lr for United States Government steamers and buildings and 

States governmental purposeel

Steam es Gov S

sets granted Gov se

letters of approval ruCnt ernent meet ern le

Local inspection Is a

bin

Local inspection 

district port

Gross aels an district port 

Numher spect ad speeb ed Nu

h

loge

San Francisco Calif 82 Cincinnati Onto 

Los Angeles Calif 44 Point Pleasant W Va 

Portland Oreg 1 39 Detroit 3Lch 

Honolulu llawaii 25 Chiesgo III 

New York N Y 2 129 Duluth Minn 

Albany N Y 12 Grand haven Mich 

New Haven Conn 4 Marquette Mich 

PhOadelPbia Pa 47 Milwaukee Crs 

NorfolkVa 74 Port Huron Mich 

Charluton S C 3 93 Cle Ohio 

Baltimore Aid 133 Buf N Y 

Jac1Ia 23 Osw egoswego Y 

Savanasall Sri tnr isle At ToledoOh 

St Louis 9 132 New Orleans La 

Dubuque Iowa Iowa 127 Galveston Tex 

Boston

Ban

Mass 1 li 4 53 Mobile Ala 

gor Maine 5 San Joan PR 

New London Conn 6 Tampa Fla 

Portland tne 2 9 Seattle tVash 

Providence It I 1 84 1

Louisville lay 97 Total 1936 

Evansv illeind L21 Total 193535 

Memphis Mernp Tenn 1 28 101

NaTenn 36 Increase E orde

Pittsburgh PaL

90 crease t 
154 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

SPECIAL AND DRYDOCIC EXAMINATIONS

Local inspection district

port examma Special tions Drydock examina Lens Local inspection districtport ex

S

8m lhmmsco Gidif 873 314 Nnhvnle Tee 

Los Angeles Calif 213 106 Pitc bureh Pa 

Portland Orec 391 05 Cunamlat Obin 

Honolulu nawan 27 176 Point Pleaeant V Va 

New York N Y 178 700 Detroit Itch 

Albany N Y 46 28 Chicago 111 

New haven Conn 137 13 Duluth Mina 

Philadelpliia P 392 191 nuul haven Mich 

Norfolk Va 209 Milennkee Pis 

Charleston S C s0 19 Port Ibvon Mich 

Jacksonville Fla 94 43 leveland Olio 

Savannah Ga 214 43 Ruli doN 

St Lou Me 52 5 Osweep N Y 

Dubuque Iowa 1 12 Toledn Olo 

Roston Mass 587 172 New Orlcmis La 

Bangor Maine 2 1 Montle Ala 

Now fmudon Conn 17 7 San lua P It 

Portland Maine 125 28 Tam Pa Pla 

Providence It I

473 42 SeattleVash 

LouisvilleRy 48 3 1loqutmn Wash 

Evansville Ind 10 3

Memphis Tenn 26 16 Total 

CERTIFICATES WITHDRAWN Olt REFUSED

Vessels front Which certificates of inspection were withdra

Vessels refused certificates of inspection

Domestic Steam vessels 

Domestic vessels propelled by gas fluid naphtha or electric 

Domestic vessels and barges of over 100 gross tons carrying pa

for hire other than steam motor ana sail vesscts 

Domestic seagoing barges of 100 gross tons or oleo 

Foreign

Tota

steam vessels 

CARGO VESSELS EXAMINED TO CARRY PERSONS IN ADDITION 

Daring the year ended June 30 1936 1259 cargo v

examined to carry persons in addition to crew tinder pr

the act of Congress approved June 5 1920

NEW LIFE PRESERVERS INSPECTED

Kind Inspected Pass

Blockcork 80510 8

5

Balsa

Kapok

block 198317015 1

79

Total 1936 117 356 12 

Total 1935 113 776 1

68

Increase W or decrease 3580 359

LIFE SAVING APPARATUS INSPECTED AT FACTORIES

Kind Inspected Pass

New life buoys

Newwood floats 97523l 97
BUREAU OF NAVIGATION AND STEAMBOAT INSP

WORE PERFORMED BY INSPECTORS IN CENTRAL O

Vesselsinclined 

Special examinations of vessels 

BOILER

Boilers inspected

Steel riveted construction 

Iron riveted construction 

Water tube riveted construction 

Welded construction 

Total

A

Boilers found defective

Gave way under hydrostatic pressure

Steel riveted construction 

Iron riveted construction

Water tube riveted construction 

Welded construction 

Total 

Defective from other causes

Steel riveted construction 

Iron riveted construction 

Water tube riveted construction 

Welded construction 

1oral 

Boilers condemned from further use 

Defects

Sheets

in boilers and attachments

Heads

Steam and mud drums 

Flues and tubes 

Waterwalls 

Steampipes 

Furnaces 

Mainstays 

Studs

Staybolts 

Rivets

Braces 

Misc ellaneous 

Total 

MARINE BOILER PLATES TESTED

Plates rejected because of I 

Inspected by assistant

inspectors at Tensile Surface Light Heavy Lost Land Re 

strength defeats gage gage nation jette

Chicago Dl 2 

Cleveland Ohio 

Coatesville Pa 3 27 12 7 1 

PhiladelphiaPa 43 20 15 

PittsburghPe 3 

Total 1938 48 47 27 7 I 3 1

Total 1935 3 13 3 11 19 4

Increase or de

crease 45 34 24 4

1 16 84 

1016023613
156 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

TESTS OF MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL

STATISTICS CONCERNING SHIPS PERSONNE

OFFICERS LICENSED

Samples of bas 6amplesof bolts Samplesoforg Bars

and braces vets mgs and brac

Inspected by assist

Local district

Mates

ant inspectors at

Tested jected R food Re Tested feted Re opte Acd jette

R 

Buffalo N Y 27 3Tfiv fets 238 

Chicago Ill 6 2 5 

v

Cleveland Ohio 14 54

Coatesville Pa 334 26

Pittsburgh Pa 83

Total

057 

404 5 26 954 

STATISTICS CONCERNING SHIPS PERSONNE

OFFICERS LICENSED

Steam and motor vessels Steam ves Motorves Sail v

sell sets of ove

gross 

Local district

Mates a 

v

W

i

3an Francisco

Cold 354 238 20 5 5 335 386 164 632 33 

Honolulu Harrell 26 11 1 15 18 10 70 6 

Los Angehe Cahf 124 92 3 7 9 95 77 55 506 it 

Portland Ores 48 35 11 1 2 54 51 28 282 3 

Vow York N Y 961 447 41 84 2 1284 850 921 143 31 

Albany N Y 41 2 8 16 I 87 I9 23 51 1 

Vew Haven Conn 25 7 12 3 20 2 32 37 

Philadelphia Ya 179 157 5 41 6 219 1GU 97 1034 7 

4orfolk Va 08 2e

2 23 6 148 58 51 579 

Baltimore Md 223 08 17 20 16 211 104 84 546 3 

harleston S C 20 6 11 4 24 19 13 143 3 

Jacksonville Fla 70 42 1 7 4 41 3f 55 533 6 

iavannah Go 29 13 2 4 20 14 19 69 1 

it Lonis Mo 30 1 25 29 1 49 31 21 256 

3ubuque Iowa 6 8 10 15 5 8 136 

3oaton Mass IN 179 3 30 3 160 145 37 484 13 

3angor Maine 25 19 3 4 IB 5 11 128 7 

4ew London

Corm 18 11 8 3 28 0 25 908 2 

ortland Mame 35 39 3 1 2 42 23 5 150 9 

rovidence R I 42 18 30 5 40 25 N 161 4 

mnisville KY 20 4 1 4 1 21 31 15 57 

svansville Ind 5 6 G 9 2 4 96 

4emphis Term 14 7 c 32 12 5 85 

dashville Term 16 3 8 19 2 1 95 

ittshnrgh Pa 35 39 7 1 39 14 8 50 

inchmati Ohio 25 i6 14 15 12 4 67 

mot

Va

Pleasant W

9 9 J fi 1 5 63 

Mich fil 5 28 1 71 38 13 89 

31uca o Wh IILM

46 4 18 4 99 34 2 106 

Mh inn 18 10 3 I6 f 4 68 

trend Haven

Mich 22 I 8 3 4 29 3 92 
BUREAU OF NAVIGATION AND STEAMBOAT INSPE

OFFICERS LICENSED Continued

RESLI rS OF ACTION AGAINST LICENSES

Licenses suspended 

Licenses revoked 

Licenses refused 

Licenses canceled 

Violations of the law

Cases investigated 

Caves dismissed 

Cases reported to district attorneys and chief officers of cus

Trials conducted 

Number of appeals from decisions of local boards 

Decisions of local boards reversed by supervising inspecto

Decisions of local boards nmdified by supervising inspec

Decisions of local boards sustained by supervising inspe

EXAMINATIONS FOR COLORBLINDNESS

During the year ended JUDe 30 1936 61867 applicants 

licenses and for renewals of licenses were examined for v

27 of whom were found color blind or had other visual 

were rejected and 6810 were passed As compared w

vious year these figures show an increase of 798 in 

examined and of 828 in the number passed

Steam and motor vessels steam ves Motor ves sail 

of ov

sets sets

gros

Mates

o

y 

Local district

am Q Ywp m 

O 

Marquette Mich 12 13 4 2I 7 S 72 

Milwaukee Wis 44 1 32 5 59 34 15 57 

Fort Huron Mich 44 24 1 53 43 1 43 

Cleveland Ohio 66 1 63 100 79 14 105 

Buffalo N Y 59 41 7 95 53 11 105 

Oswego N Y 10 1 1 14 4 22 5 5 172 

Toledo Ohio 31 2 16 30 15 9 98 

New Orleans La 179 104 13 20 26 227 135 91 303 5 

Galveston Tex 102 66 6 9 110 65 29 367 4 

Mobile Ala 56 34 9 5 BG 44 23 210 5 

San Juan P R 12 9 4 G 7 16 7 44 3 

Tampa Fla 23 14 4 1 4 20 28 28 279 2 

Seattle lvasli 181 107 38 1 1 117 101 93 287 12 

Hogmam Wash 6 3 6 6 9 7 18 

Juneau Alaskfl 9 6 8 1 14 7 6 26 255 

St Michael Alaska 3 1 2 1 3 5 30 

Total 1936 3612 1817 305 678 168 4189 2849 16061 10A2 171 

Total 1935 38241 1902 314 685 198 4254 2981 1623 1005 223 

Increase or decrease 212 85 9 7 30 65 132 17 457 52 

RESLI rS OF ACTION AGAINST LICENSES

Licenses suspended 

Licenses revoked 

Licenses refused 

Licenses canceled 

Violations of the law

Cases investigated 

Caves dismissed 

Cases reported to district attorneys and chief officers of cus

Trials conducted 

Number of appeals from decisions of local boards 

Decisions of local boards reversed by supervising inspecto

Decisions of local boards nmdified by supervising inspec

Decisions of local boards sustained by supervising inspe

EXAMINATIONS FOR COLORBLINDNESS

During the year ended JUDe 30 1936 61867 applicants 

licenses and for renewals of licenses were examined for v

27 of whom were found color blind or had other visual 

were rejected and 6810 were passed As compared w

vious year these figures show an increase of 798 in 

examined and of 828 in the number passed
158 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

CERTIFICATES OF SERVICE ISSUED TO ABLE SEAMEN AND TO L

ABLE SEAMET7

LIFEBOAT MEN

LOCAL MSPEOPORS

San Francisco Calif

c5 mm

Rm

DetroitMich

Issued by qo qo

230

Issued by 

Los AngelesCalif

Portland Oreg

New YN Y336 6613 8356613 DuluthMinn

MarquetteMich

MilwaukeeWis

INSPECTION WSTRIM

8 3

INSPEMION DISTRICTCOR

San Francisco Calif 363 5 858 MarquetteMich 

Honolulu Hawaii 70 12 68 MilwaukeeWis 

Los Angeles Calif 356 58 298 Port Humn Mich 

Portland Oreg 60 15 45 Cleveland Ohio 

New York N Y695 63 632 Buffalo N Y 

Albany N Y 1 1 ToledoOhio 

Philadelphia

Norfolk Va

Pa 143 4 139 New OrleansLa 

Baltimore Md 340 175 837 257 168 Mobile GalvestonAla Tex 

Charleston SO 9 9 San Juan PR 

JacksonvilleFla 97 3 94 TampaFla 

SavannahOa 61 1 60 SeattleWash 

Boston Mass 285 61 224 Requiem Wash 

Bangor Maine 12 12 JuneauAlaska 

New London Conn 17 17

Portland Maine 31 1 30 Total 1936 

Providence R L 94 17 77 Total 

DetroitMich 137 31 106

ChicagoBI 89 8 81 Increase or decrease

Duluth Minn1 491 3 46 1 

Grand Haven Mich1 8

1 7

LIFEBOAT MEN

LOCAL MSPEOPORS

San Francisco Calif 86 86 DetroitMich 

Honolulu Hawaii 273 43 230 Chicago Ill 

Los AngelesCalif

Portland Oreg

New YN Y336 6613 8356613 DuluthMinn

MarquetteMich

MilwaukeeWisOr k

Albany N Y 8 3 Port Huron Mich 

New Haven Corm 1 1 Cleveland Ohio 

PhiladelphiaPs 54 64 Buffalo N Y 

NorfolkVa 54 54 Toledo Ohio 

BaltimoreMd 111 111 New OrleansLa 

Jacksonville Fla 186 186 GalvestonTer 

Savannah Boston Mess le 18831 90 14831 Mobile Tampa AlaFla 

Bangor Maine 13 13 SeattleWash 

New London Conn 19 19 Boomers Wash 

PortlandMaine 42 42 JuneauAlaska 

Providence R L 108 b 103

Pittsburgh Pa 1 1 Total by local Inspectors 

OTHER AUTHORITY

C S Coast Guard Trecsury New York State Merchant

Department Coast and Geodetic Survey 341 1017 1324 Marine Academy 

Department gof Commerce Bureau Partmeof ofLigCommerce De

Massachusetts nautical school

ship Nantucket

M

122

49

23

394

32

728

49

Total 1930

Total1935

Decrease
H

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g y pg

Shows that1873 565 passengers were carried for each one lost The

entire loss of life of passengers resulted from unpreventable causes

but in no case were lives of passengers lost as a result of casualty to

passenger vessels

IIowever one major casualty occurred during the year involvinm

the freight steamer Iowa resulting in an unusual loss of liven all of

which were members of the crew Tlue steamship 10 a of 5724 dross

tons left Astoria Oreg for New York via San Francisco Calif

about midnight Saturday January 11 1936 About 4 hours later

the Iowa was stranded on Peacock Spit Columbia River entrance and

because a complete wreck and the 34 officers and crew were drowned

At the time of the wreck there was a 76 mile gale blowing An in

vestigation was conducted and from the evidence adduced it was

concluded that the accident was caused by unforeseen and unexpected

storm conditions arising after the steamer left Astoria Oreg Esti

mated value of steamer was 260 00 estimated vabie of cargo

160 00

VESSELS LOST

Steamvessels 12

Motor vesycls 3

Sail vessols 1

Barges etc 15

Total 31

VALUE OF PROPERTY LOST

By explosion or accidental escape of steam Ya0 803

13y wreck or formder 135 044

Ity collision 1 5W 871

By fire 431 9i0

By snags 70658

From misceAancous causes 18011 739

Total 593 735

PREVENTION OF OVERCROWDING OF PASSENGER VESSELS

Under the law the certificates of inspection of vessels specify the

number of passengers they may carry with safety To prevent the

taking on of passengers in excess of the number so fixed the Bu

reau employs inspectors who count such passengers and when the

limit is reached prevent additional persons from going oil board

During the year 507 314 passengers going on excursion boats

were so counted The following table shows these counts by services
BUREAU OF NAVIGATION AND STEAMBOAT INSPE

On 197 occasions it became necessary for inspectors 

a9191itional passengers front going on board This involve

of 171 856 passengers In 1935 there were 168 shutoffs in

safety of 148 382 passengers

The following table shows these shutoffs in detail by p

Inspectors 

Port Navigation Local Customs

Counts Passengers Counts Passengers Counts Passengers

Passen Counts

Albany 9999 104 46713 

Batton

Baltimore 1653 762 136 146 98312 

3400

4740 5999 339 288 369 

HuRalo 9999 9949 85 78995 989482 533

13

Chicago 908 753 49519999 

Cincinnati 375 30 49517 9999 2815 

Cleveland 406 375

Detroit

24515 42 28154 

591 538 304 7729 10 lib

D

Duluth

ubu4ue 7 7772 1324 

78 11308 15 2589 102 13249 

Evansville 6 3724 

Galveston 21 6547 25 6280 

Grand Eleven 56 33231 

Indtanal olis 9 1113 

Los Angeles 5599 13 20706 

Louisville 138 70625 68 41257 9499 

Memphis 1 1327 

Mdwaukee 5999 17 21942 

Mobile 84 1054 4 1032 

Nev Haven 241 13853 

Nev London 69 13272 

Nov Orleans 312 71050 

Nev fork 1 I59 148 793 3570 1430 59 

Norfolk 28 8209 

Dswego 209 11978 

Philadelphia 253 7797 83 67844 

Pittsburgh 9994 3 1670 9994 9999 

Port Huron 2 455 

Portland Maine 69 0604 2 400 

Portland 20 1536 26 531 49 

Providence 32 37226 45210 

Rochester Roch 1 9999 9999 7429 

it Louis 9999 5999 5708 17 17426 5594 

ian Fmrancisco 444 25708 12 15551 272 38423 

ieattle 157 Li 820 710 72478 15 7999 

romps 2 155 

Toledo 42 40672 

Total 1936 4707 21427 3807 97315 5478 239127 

Total 1935 5051 2146 43 3772 1079 551 4225 31561 

On 197 occasions it became necessary for inspectors 

a9191itional passengers front going on board This involve

of 171 856 passengers In 1935 there were 168 shutoffs in

safety of 148 382 passengers

The following table shows these shutoffs in detail by p

July 1935 August 1935 September 1935 June 1930 

Port

Counts Pissen Counts Passen Counts Passen Counts Passe

gers gets em gers 

Baltimore

Bos

4 3400 2 2380 

ton 27 4095 31 40981 9944 13 5277 

Chicago 9 770 13 1235 

Cleveland 1 814 2 4700 

Detroit 2 5600 6 16600 4 t1 000 

Galveston 1 467 4 1830 

Lemmas 1 1450 

Mobile 2 40 1 20 

Nov York 36 5902 

Portland Alaino 9949 99949999 2 477 5999 9999 9999 

Portland Oreg 9949 5495 5999 2 104 1 263 5999 

Providence 4 1 fi98 4 3471 9994 9999 

San Francisco 9955 4999 5 664 12 2500 

Seattle 7 I S88 9999 9994 9944 1 10 

Total 5444 64 60142 74 84382 1 203 66 27069 

Total 1935 9999 

PATENT OFFICE

VOLUME OF BUSINESS

Improvement in industrial conditions throughout the 

tinued to be reflected in the activities of the Patent O

as also in each of the preceding 2 years Most signific

indexes of progress toward economic recovery were a sati

of pecuniary receipts a gain in the number of app

mechanical patents including reissues and for designs 

Pandlabels more numerous recording of deeds of 

larger purchases of printed copies of patents and photop

uscript records etc and an increase in general correspo

the Office

The number of applications for patents reissues d

marks and prints and labels in the fiscal year was 85102 

total in any like period since 1932 The aggregate of de

issued in 193536 was the greatest in the history of the 

fact is noteworthy as indicating the growing use of t

protection by manufacturers and merchandisers The e

of the Design Division as a separate unit more than 2 y

greatly expedited the consideration of applications a

industry with a service to which it is having increas

recourse Copies of patents sold during the year we

This exceeded the number sold in any year since 19

939 061 photostatic and 53761 photographic copies we

by the Office the largest number in several years A tot

letters representing the miscellaneous correspondence 

was received In addition 34845 letters were ret

information

The number of applications for mechanical inventions 

the year was 59809 This was 401 more than the tota

any year since 1932 Applications for design paten

6127 which was 1058 more than in 1935 2316 more t

and the largest number ever filed in any year Compare

there was an increase in the number of applications for 

of trade marks There were 15840 such applicaions in 

15617 in the previous year

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES

For the first time in 3 years the expenditures of the Of

its receipts The deficit was 78364 52 and this notw

that the receipts were 103 224 50larger in 1936 than 

January 1935 the reallocation of 269 junior examiners wh

from 3 to 6 years without any increase in compensation 
164 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

a large addition to the annual charge for salaries For the 

year of 193536 that charge was 131 300 or 52936 more 

deficit incurred in the same 12 months In 1935 the surp

ceipts over expenditures was 111 283 46and in 1934 it w

683 10 In the period from 1923 to 1933 the annual defic

from if minimum of 134 433 to 827 342 Ill itself the def

last fiscal year is of no great import first because it is le

percent of the receipts and secondly bec atse the purpose 

Policy of the Patent Office should not contemplate that 

erated at it profit derived from the pockets of inventor

therefore is regrettable about the latest deficit is that it 

the reduction of the various Aatuton yfees now payable 

cants for patents and trademagic registrations It was ho

with the prospect of a contimions and considerable excess o

over expenditures it decrease in fees could be effected for t

of inventors tend of industry

CONDITION OF THE WORK

As it concomitant if not as a consequence of the larger n

applications filed in 193x6there was it slight recession in 

of the work of the mechanical divisions compared with the 

year On Jane 0 the work of 5 divisions was within 13

current Fortynine divisions were within 3 months of cu

all 65 of tbemt were within 4 months of current Sevent

sions were within 2 months and 56 were wi bim 3 mouth o

at the end of the fiscal year 1935313 The desia ndivision is 

within less than 30 days of current Phis marks a gain 

record for any previous year The work of all the clerical 

of Ute Office is current

The number of patent applications awaitin action on 

1936 was 33540 or 1620 more than on the correspcmding 

1935 Final disposition was made of 61990 applications 

their issuance as patents or their abandonment by the a

This compared with 64599 final disposilions in 19345 T

pending at the close of the latest fiscal year 104 095 applic

260 fewer than on the same relative date of 1935

CLASSIFICATION OF PATENTS

One of the chief needs of the Patent Office and of i

classification of patentsis now being met alter too long 

In the course of the 12 months preceding June 30 the 

of 10 classes 21 46 31 75 99 183 174 195 223 and 221 

ing 139 77 patents and 27960 crossreferences was comp

groups of subelasse swere revised in other classes comprisi

original patents This was accomplished in addition to 

formance of work on the current issue of patents and the dis

other duties of the Division

Sixteen of the nineteen employees in the Division were 

during the year in the revision of the classification Th

three was given to the dispatch of the current work ex

classification This current work is of two kinds First p

questions of division under rules 41 and 42 including 
PATENT OFFICE 

of election of species and cancelation of claims and 

assignment of pending applications to the proper classes f

tion Written decisions on division under rules 41 a

furnished in respect to 2568 applications and 870 wr

oranda were prepared in cases of assignment of applicat

proper class when two or more primary examiners co

propriety of such assignment At least half as numerou

cases which were informally decided on reference by exa

The Division is now proceeding with the revision of 1

which are comprised 15489 original patents The revis

eral of these classes is nearing completion Among th

three principal electrical classes171 172 and 173which 

withonl revision for a long period It is planned to 

short1v on the other unrevi ed electrical classes175 a

start has already been made in formulating a new class o

tioning an art vliich is developing rapidly and which i

the subject matter of a large mmnber of patents

With a force of 20 men assigned to the task of revi

Which have remained 1011 Without revision those in 

condition can be reclassified Within 3 veto s and thereafte

rent staff of 12 or 15 can bring the classification to dat

it so

IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RULES OF PRACTIC

Changes made in the Mules of Practice have brough

result not only to the Patent Office but also to inven

industr v For one thing these amenchnents are obvia

and facilitatingthe which they concern n

provement bas been e9ctel in the disposal of ototioos a

ings governed by rules 109 and 122 I3y transferring the 

of these from the examiners of interferences to t1w 

cxanrineus the period of their pendent Nhas been grea

1t the end of 1931 scnac 37 interlocutmry matters we

decision by the examiner of interferences By Decem

dispositioir bad been made of all these proceedings In 

of the same 12 utonths imilnr matters pending for dec

various prinnu vexaminers reached an average of 160 th

than 3 eases for a division Under the roles aq amend

are now being set for hearing within 60 clays after the l

filing Accordingly in the last months of the fiscal ye

there Were but 200 case awaiting hearing This con

abort 550 tinder the former practice when the interv

the hu date for filing motions and the hearing was 

than 3 months and often a nmch as a full vear The 

interference cases suspended for consideration of interlo

ceedinrrs is now less than 350 as against a nrrxhnum o

the former practice Tit 1935 following the transfer 

from the examiners of interferences to the primary exa

number of cases Which had to final hearing amt in 

sions were pending was decreased from it maximum of 

The present rate of progress under the new practice w

belief that the decisions now in arrears will be reduced t

level of approximately 60
166 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

RECENT LEGISLATION

At the last session of the Congress statutes were enac

into effect certain provisions of the International Conv

the Protection of Industrial Property as amended at The 

By the act of June 19 1936 section 4887 of the Revise

U S C title 35 sec 32 was amended to change th

period for the filing of an application for a design pate

months to 6 months

By the act of June 20 1936 section 4 of the Trade Ma

February 20 1905 U S C title 15 sec 84 was amended 

the priority period for the filing of an application for th

tion of a trade mark from 4 months to 6 months and to p

subject to the provisions of section 5 of the Trade M

collective mark may be registered by an association loc

foreign country where the existence of that association 

trary to the laws of such country even if it does not 

industrial or commercial establishment

SPECIAL CASES

Petitions to have applications examined out of their re

numbered 336 for the year ended June 30 1936 compared 

for the corresponding period of 193435 and 485 for 19

85 cases in which the applicants were able to show that th

ment of their applications would result in immediate 

of capital and employment of labor the petitions were g

PATENT OFFICE ADVISORY COMMITTEE

The Patent Office Advisory Committee appointed by the 

of Commerce in July 1933 has continued to meet regular

vals of from 4 to 6 weeks except during the summer se

meetings generally extending over a period of 3 clays 

mittee represents such different viewpoints as industry ge

and patent law

Numerous points of patent practice and procedure hav

continue to engage the committee sattention including the 

of willful delays by applicants schedule of fees classifica

ing of patent copies inventions by Government employee

ethics recording of licenses publishing of applications 

claims divisional applications form of and time for fil

etc Appropriate recommendations reflecting the acti

committee on these and other matters have been or wil

where in its opinion improvement would result from a c

Members of the advisory committee are George Ra

York N Y chairman Robert M Barr Philadelphia P

J Belknap Detroit Mich Worthington Campbell N

N Y John J Darby Washington D C John A Die

cago Ill Thomas J Griswold Jr Midland Mich F

Hardy Pittsburgh Pa Delos G Haynes St Louis M

Kelly Chicago Ill Herman Lind Cleveland Ohio Ro

St Louis Mo

Justin W Macklin who was one of the first members 

secretary of the committee continued his services until last 
PATENT OFFICE 

the President appointed him to the post of First Ass

missioner of Patents

On Appril 22 1936 occurred the death of Bryan M Ba

York N Y Assistant Commissioner of Patents who 

in that capacity since April 10 1934 Henry Van Arsd

Rochelle N Y was appointed on June 6 1936 to fill 

and began the discharge of his duties on June 18 1936

STATISTICS

Following is presented the usual statistical informatio

the various activities of the Patent Office

Applications received during the fCscaZ year ended June 30 

Total with fees 

Without fees

Applications for inventions act Mar 3 1883 

Applications for reissue act Mar 3 1883 

Applications for registration of trade marks 1

8

Applications for registration of labels and prints 

With fees

Applications for patents for inventions 

Applications for patents for designs 

Applications for reissues of patents 

Total without fees 

Grandtotal 

2 Including a pncations in which fees were refunded and transferred

Y Includes 1882 amodications for renewal of trademark registrations

Applications for patents for inventions with fees

Year ended June 30 1 Year ended June 30Contin

1927 84511 1932 

1928 88482 1933 

1929 87039 1984 

1930 91430 1935 

1931 84097 1936 

Applications for patents including reissues designs trade mark

prints with fees

Year ended June SO

19237

1929

196031

Patent applications awaiting action

June 30m

1927

Year ended June 30Co

113 78 1932 

116 844 133 

114 496 1934 

117 569 1935 

106 717 1936 

Patent applications awaiting action

June 30m

1927 6446

1928 106 575

1129 103 236

1960 119 597

1931 92203

June 30Continued

1932 

1933 

1034 

1WG 

1936 
168 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

Patents withheld and patents expired

of

19

72

19

32

sec Revised

32

Patents granted and trade marks labels and prints register

Statement of receipts and earnings for the fiscal year ended June 

Unearned balance at close of business June 30

1935 189 473

Collections during fiscal year ended June 30 1936 4201 175 67

Total 4390 663 10

22563 93

Total1209 0580

Appeals 58500

oppositions 90600

Disclaimers 2030

Revivals 469 00

Total 74100 00

Printed copies etc

Photoprints 310 789 60

Photostats 60809 55

Manuscripts 110 957 45

Certified printed copies etc 7953 88

Total 21757 00

Final fees 18340 00

Extra claims 25 918 00

Net collections 43

Earnings

Inventions first fees 1790 88

Extra claims 31 634 00

Reissues 1220 00

Designs 6

Design extensions 28335 00

Trade marks 233 655 00

Labels and prints 13 908 00

1932 1933 1934 19

Letters patent

Plant Patents

Design Patents

Reissue patents

Trade marks

Prints

Labels 5272 10901 2728 1492483 39217 50766 2934 809 1458375 4952 48523 1039 2419 1635343 5350 4

61349

Total 68585 64973 6324 5

0

Statement of receipts and earnings for the fiscal year ended June 

Unearned balance at close of business June 30

1935 189 473

Collections during fiscal year ended June 30 1936 4201 175 67

Total 4390 663 10

22563 93

Total1209 0580

Appeals 58500

oppositions 90600

Disclaimers 2030

Revivals 469 00

Total 74100 00

Printed copies etc

Photoprints 310 789 60

Photostats 60809 55

Manuscripts 110 957 45

Certified printed copies etc 7953 88

Total 21757 00

Final fees 18340 00

Extra claims 25 918 00

Net collections 43

Earnings

Inventions first fees 1790 88

Extra claims 31 634 00

Reissues 1220 00

Designs 6

Design extensions 28335 00

Trade marks 233 655 00

Labels and prints 13 908 00
PATENT OFFICE 

Recording articles of incor

poration 881 00

Recording international trade

marks 300

Registration of attorneys 430 00

Total

Drawings

553 1418

18 511 38

141 879 70

Total earnings 

Unearned balance June 30 1936 

Net receipts 

Expenditures fiscal year ended June 30 1936

Salaries 

Photolithographing

Current issue black and white43817 91

Current issue color 10682 0

Reproduction 52070 30

Photographic printing 13960 22

Photostat supplies 54723 03

Total 

Miscellaneous expenses 

Printing and binding

Specifcations 740 596 25

Official Gazette 96630 38

Indexes 10700 03

Total

Miscellaneous

Total

Receipts and expenditures

Receipts from all sources 

Expenditures 

Deficit 

Receipts from sale of Official Gazette and other Publications

Superintendent of Documents 

comparative Statement

I

I This does not include the amount received by the Superintendent of Documents fo

and other publications

June 30 Receipts Expenditures Defic

1927 3524 155 55 3769 604 03 24

48

1928 3705381 3839 771 88 13

43

1 929 3783 41 65 4391 860 16 60

37 5

1930 4096 825 43 465685 41 45

89

1931 4565 377 08 4832 277 96 26

908

1932 t4 487 508 78 5314 851 59 82

348

1933 423 56 18 459885 02 16

028

1 934 t

t

4383 968 11 3876 785 01 

193635 4284 87 67368 099 17 4153 591 2144663 69 7

365
170 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

Comparative statement of expenditures under separate appropr

Appropriation 1935 

310099 86 

146 633 29253 89 

822 419 15 

46 657 82 

12320 4125326 79

4153 591 21 

Litigated cases

Patent Interferences declared 

Interferences disposed of before final hearing 

Interferences disposed of after finalhearing 

Interferences heard 

Interferences awaiting decision 

Trade mark

Interferences declared 

Oppositions instituted 

Cancelathms instituted 

Interferences disposed of before final hearing 

Interferences disposed of after final hearing 

Interferences heard 

Interferences awaiting decision 

Before the Board of Appeals

Appeals in ea parte cases 28

Appeals in interference cases

Priorities 282

Motions 362 

Ex parte appeals disposed of 21

Appeals in interference cases disposed of

Priorities 174

Motions 371 

17

Priorities 165

Motions 179 

Oldest es parte case awaiting action April 29 1936

Oldest interference case awaiting action May 25 1936

To the commissioner

Appeals in trademark interferences 10

Appeals in trademark oppositions 77

Appeals in trademark catimlations 22

Appeals in ea parte trademark cases 22

Interlocutory appeals 21

Petitions to commissioner

Exparte7199

Inter partes 233

74

Ea

Interference

parte cases

cases

awaiting

awaiting

action

action
PATENT OFFICE 

Cases disposed of by commissioner

Appeals in trademark interferences 8

Appeals in trademark oppositions 53

Appeals in trademark cancelations 15

Appeals in ea parte trade marks 14

Interlocutory appeals 21

Petitions disposed of

Ea parts 7199

Inter partes 233

743

Notices of appeals to United States Court of Customs and P

Appeals

In ex parts cases including 8 trade mark

In inter partes cases patents 

In design applications 

In trademarls interferences 

In trademark oppositions 

In trademark cancelations 

To Supreme Court District of Columbia in equity su

OTHER DETAILS OF BUSINESS FOR TIIE FISCAL YEAR

As to the volume of business the Office received during the 

applications for patents reissues and designs 13958 trademark 

and 1882 applications for renewal of trademark registration

and print applications 187 999 amendments to patent applic

amendments to design applications and 15738 amendments to trad

and print applications

The number of letters constituting the miscellaneous corres

ceived and indexed was 431 18 In addition 34845 letters were 

information

The number of printed copies of patents sold was35405 4

of patents were shipped to foreign governments and 734 967 cop

public libraries The total number of copies of patents furnished 

including those for Office use and other departments

The Office received for record 41206 deeds of assignment

The Drafting Division made 842 drawings for inventors a

11881 drawings on request of inventors 119 507 sheets of draw

spected and 15055 letters answered

Typewritten copies of3150 00 words were furnished at 10 cent

words The Office certified to 14399 manuscript copies and fu

miscellaneous certified copies It also furnished 479 926 photos

manuscript pages 40173 photographic copies and 312 527 photo

publications and foreign patents for sale 15963 photostat man

199 certified manuscript copies and 611 photostat copies for Go

partments without charge 34132 photostat and 13588 photog

for use of the Patent Office 14275 photostat copies for sale th

print section and 144 photostats for Office use also 75483 phot

signments grants and disclaimers for official use in all 9306

and 53761 photographic copies

1016023614

UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD BU

GENERAL STATEMENT

Since the abolition of the United States Shipping B

transfer of its functions to the Department of Commer

tive order effective August 9 1933 this Bureau has 

with the maintenance and development of the Americ

marine the regulation of carriers by water in interstate 

commerce and through the Merchant Fleet Corporat

administration of the marine insurance fund the opera

ernment

laidup fleet

lines and

Under

terminals

the provisions

and the

of

custody

the Merchant

of the 

1936 all of these functions will be transferred to the n

United States Maritime Commission early in the fiscal 

The first year and a half of the period during which 

has been charged with the functions of the former U

Shipping Board coincided almost exactly with the succe

gations of oceanmail contracts by a special committee 

and by the Post Office Department the result of wh

that the system of indirect subsidies established under t

Marine Act 1928 whatever might have been its origina

if properly administered was discredited and its usef

The latter part of that 3 year period coincided almost as 

the active pendency of numerous legislative proposals so

would have established new and more direct subsidies 

would practically have put an end to a privately own

marine

This legislative situation was not clarified until the 

the Merchant Marine Act 1936 on the next to the las

fiscal year for which this report is made Under these c

and particularly in view of the uncertainty which prev

long as to the Government sfuture policy toward th

marine neither private operators nor a Government b

accomplish much of a constructive nature toward a 

which would necessarily involve the building of new sh

sibiy the consolidation or rearrangement of privately 

However marked progress has been made during th

at least two important respects namely the regulation 

by water and the repayment of construction loan and shi

These accomplishments should greatly facilitate the w

United States Maritime Commission in administering p

lisher by the new legislation

The administration of the regulatory provisions of t

laws has been raised to a much higher level of efficienc

terest of both carriers and shippers and the respect of 

for those provisions has been correspondingly enhanced
174 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

The two investigations mentioned in the annual repo

Bureau for the fiscal year 1935 were completed and depa

orders based on the findings in these two investigations we

during the fiscal year 1936 The report on the intercoastal i

tion condemning certain practices outlining in detail the 

ments of the Intercoastal Shipping Act 1933 and noting 

necessary for compliance with the law was issued on July 

As a result of the investigation into rates of common ca

foreign commerce an order was issued on July 12 1935 

September 1 1935 requiring the carriers to file export rat

order served to end all secrecy concerning such rates

The collections on secured accounts due the Shipping Boar

and the Merchant Fleet Corporation during the fiscal y

while not as large as in the previous year continued in g

volume and totaled 18281 8088 This sum consisted of 

340 56 in principal payments and 3484682in interest p

No new construction loans were made during the fiscal ye

borrowers prepaid the entire amount of their obligations a

borrowers from the construction loan fund prepaid substa

tions of their indebtedness as did eight companies obligated 

purchase of ships On August 9 1933 when the transfe

activities of the Shipping Board to the Department of C

took effect outstanding ship sales and construction loan m

amounted to 155 080 592 64 On June 30 1936 that total 

reduced to 104 28 8779 In other words in slightly les

years 50795145or almost one third had been paid ba

Government notwithstanding that by the terms of the loa

of them were to run for either 15 or 20 years

Even more gratifying has been the marked improvemen

the past 3 years in the status of those lines which were in d

August 9 1933 On that date 13 active companies were in 

on ship sales or constructionloan mortgages Since then 

small companies have been added to the list while on the ot

6 of the original 13 have completely paid up all arreara

seventh has for more than 2 years been making regular paym

a schedule which has already reduced its arrearages from 8

109 60 with every indication that its obligations will be 

by the time this report is printed Two of the six other co

still in default are in appreciably sounder financial condit

they have been at any time during the period and only t

had occasion to resort to receivership

The total operating loss of the Merchant Fleet Corporation 

ing its administrative expense and net profit from opera

maintenance of terminals and real estate as well as expens

ployees assigned to the Shipping Board Bureau for the fis

1936 was1616 984 35as compared with 169830 96for t

year 1935 a reduction of about 81000 In addition the 

which was chargeable to liquidation funds totaled 955 667 54

ing 448 289 97for work performed by the general admin

organization of the Corporation

In this connection it is worthy of note that the total expe

of the entire BureauFleet Corporation organization have b

sistently and steadily reduced each year since the transfe
UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD BUREAU 

Department of Commerce in 1933 so that the total of

the fiscal year 1936 is little more than a third of the 

total of6313 156 61for the last year under the form

Board

During the fiscal year a new form of operating a

effected with the managing agents of the Governmen

The new agreement designated as Operating Agreem

superseding Operating Agreement 1930 is a straight 

ment and leaves the actual operation of the lines in 

the managing agent under the direct supervision of 

Fleet Corporation The new methods of compensatio

Operating Agreement 1935 are believed to be conducive 

nomical operation of the lines by managing agents

During the fiscal year 1936 three vessels were sold o

tion in the West African service one for conversion t

liquid cargo carrier and one for conversion to a station

In addition 40 vessels with a total deadweight of 3156

delivered for dismantling and scrapping in settlement 

made by the former Ship ing Board Acquisitions i

small craft and the S S

Ship

Temple on which the 

was mortgagee and which was purchased at a court sa

tion and maintenance work was carried on above the 

those vessels of the laidup fleet which warranted the w

end of the fiscal year 1936 the inactive fleet consisted o

exclusive of Navy Department vessels as compared wit

on July 1 1935

In March 1936 a reorganization of the Shipping B

and the Merchant Fleet Corporation was effected and 

of several divisions and offices were reassigned as noted 

of this report The revision of the administrative orga

it is believed expedite the transfer and consolidation o

required under the Merchant Marine Act of 1936

During the fiscal year 1936 American shipping in the 

continued to register moderate gains in spite of disturbe

ditions Under the provisions of the Merchant Marine 

is expected that further impetus will be afforded Americ

Equalization of construction and operating differentials 

provide a motive for expansion and replacement in the m

rine The obsolescence of the preponderance of the v

merchant fleet has been a matter of great concern but 

that the new legislation will solve the replacement prob

be a step toward the permanent solution of this retard

our maritime activity The complete modernization of o

fleet will enable us to maintain our competitive position 

and enhance the gains already made in our foreign com

The commerce of the world has shown an encoura

and many of the artificial trade barriers have been 

international action It has been the aim of the Shi

Bureau to foster in every way possible the fortunes of t

merchant marine to the end that it might gain the 

accruing from reciprocal action between the United 

foreign countries
176 REPORT OF THG SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

At the close of the fiscal year 19313 the Bureau sactiviti

carried on in the Division of Regulation Division of S

Research and Section of Public Information The work 

Merchant Fleet Corporation was carried on in the Division 

struction and Maintenance Division of Operations and Sal

aioz of Traffic Division of Insurance and in the offices of th

tary treasurer Division of Finance and enernl com

These last offices perform dual functions for both the Mercha

Corporation and the Shipping Board Bureau

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR

ITnder policies approved b the Sccretfny of Commerce th

tor administeix the activities of tine Bureau throngli the Div

Rcgnhetion the Division of Shipping Research and the S

Public Information and also has general administration of 

of the Secretary of Commerce relating to the activities 

Derchant Fleet Corporation

DIVISION OF REGULATION

Tbis Division continued to handle matters relating to the 

toy provisions of the Shipping Act 1916 the Tlercbant Ma

1920 and the Intercoastal Shipp Act 1933 Its activities 

the lawfulness of transportation rates of common carrio s

in interstate and foreign commerce with the practices of t

riers and of other persons carrying oil the business of 

ing or furnishing wharfage dock warelio e or other termi

ities in connection with such carrers and with the mainte

tariff files covering rates and practice of eom uon carriers 

Formal doicZ rtAtthe close of the fiscal year W35 th

70 cases pending before the Division for deicrn inaiion 

close of the INC fiscal year 239 cases were pending 205 

arc claims for reparation and involve substantiall lho sam

The final report in docket IN the general intercoasial i

tion referred to in list year s report was issued on Till 

Intercoastal Investigation 1935 1 U S S B B 400 It Co

certain practices of carriers and outlined in considerable d

requirements under tile Intercoastal Shipping Act 1933 

particular instances in which changes wero necessary in 

bring the practices services and charges of such carriers w

law

In connection vith the following formal dockets cour

were instituted by the carriers involved contesting the orde

by the Department

Docket ago 19317otrrcoa40 Mkv to Ofld fvonr hcTcr

Ean rr7 mPle Ca7if ago 2 7 U S 8 B B 670This p

involved tariff schedules filed by the AkConlivlc Stemunship 

the Berkeley Transportation Co proposing to cancel jo

maintained

er

by them for through intercoastal transportation 

tmeiyville y bet weep I3crkeley or F Calif and ports on the 

coast of the I3nited States The tariff schedules were s

under authority of section 3 of the Intercoastal Shipping A

and the Department after an investigation found the prop
UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD BUREAU 

celations not justified and by an order issued Augu

required the cancelation of the suspended schedules by 

carriers and the continued maintenance of the joint ra

upon these carriers filed a bill in equity in the southern 

the District Court of the United States for the North

of California to enjoin the enforcement of the order 

holding the order invalid has been handed down by thi

Docket no I3lGulf intercoa 8tal contract rates l U 

521In an investigation and suspension proceeding invo

of carriers members of the Gulf Intercoastal Conference 

contractrate svatem for imercoastal transportation of 

modities was found unjustified and unlawful An orde

partnient issued January 21 1936 requiring the carrie

the tariffs involved was made the subject of a bill in e

Supreme Court of the District of Columbia to enjoin the 

from enforcing the said order In a decision of that cou

a united States District Court for the District of C

order of the Department was upheld and the bill dismis

hrform07 docketThe Division endeavors on its info

through correspondence and informal conference to a

carriers and others in the adjustment of controversies 

in the matter of rates fares and charges for transportatio

and regulations relating thereto A change in our rules o

whereby informal complaints are now required to be ve

oath is believed to be responsible at least to a conside

for the decrease in the number of cases handled on this do

to June 28 1935 verification of informal complaints was n

At the close of the fiscal year 19i 10 cases awaited 

Oniv four new complaints ii ere filed during the current re

cases were disposed of and one case because of the filing 

complaint has been transferred to the formal docket

tipccinl docke There has been a inarked decrease in 

of cases handled on the special docket daring the curren

Applications on this docket differ from complaints on 

docket in that the unbnvfnlness of rates charged is ad

s

the carrier after adjusting rates for future shipment

make reparation for the unlawful charges oil past shipm

applications require careful consideration in order that the 

of what in effect might h 

e rebates to favored shippe

avoided At the close of the last fiscal year four applic

pendims Three new applications were filed in which 

quested authority to male refunds to the shippers invol

applications

Sp

were granted and four still await final act

rial iuryuiriesSection 21 of the Shipping Act 19

that the Department near require any common carrier b

other person subject to the act to file with it any periodica

report or any account record rate or charge or any ni

of aiu facts and transactions appertaining to the busine

carrier or other person subject to the act It farther pr

whoever fails to file any report account record rate 

niemormchuu as requireI thereby shall forfeit to the Ign

the sum of 100 for each clay of default Four specia

under authority of this section have been instituted 
178 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

involved in two of these proceedings have complied with t

ments of the Department and such cases have been clo

remaining two cases are still pending in one Isbrandt

Co Inc a common carrier by water in foreign commer

to comply with the order of the Department and filed 

ecbuity in the District Court of the United States for the 

District of New York to enjoin the Department from th

ment thereof Having suffered an adverse decision on 

1936 14 Fed Sup 407 the carrier appealed to the Uni

Supreme Court and secured from that body on May 25 

order staying the running or accumulation of penalties 

review of the case

Interstate tariffs under section 18 Shipping Act 1916 

coastal Shipping Act 1933 During the fiscal year 5338 

of rates and charges covering transportation by water 

state commerce were filed pursuant to statutory requirem

this number 26 were rejected for failure to comply wit

or the Department stariff rules and regulations There 

requests received for special permission to depart front noti

ments of the statute or requirements of the tariff rules a

tions Of such requests 208 were granted and 27 denie

instance the request was in part granted and in part den

eight instances requests were either withdrawn by the 

otherwise disposed of At the close of the year three a

were pending

Changes in rate adjustments were protested and suspe

quested in 13 instances In four instances the tariffs were 

and investigations as to their lawfulness instituted Suspe

denied in six instances and three were otherwise disposed o

the rate adjustments as to which suspension was denied 

numerous requests for suspension of general increases in in

rates which were established by carriers effective Octobe

when

decision

malting

and order

the tariff

in Docket

publication

126 Intercoastal

required by

Investiga

the Des

The increases averaged approximately 10 percent and cove

number of commodities The intercoastal investigation had 

that some carriers were in financial straits and that all we

of additional revenue The requests for suspension accord

denied without prejudice to the right of any protestant t

issue the lawfulness of any increased rate through the f

formal complaint

Foreign tariffs Bander section 19 of the Herchant Ha

1920An order issued July 12 1935 in Docket No 128 

investigation 1935 1 U S S B B 470 under section 19 o

chant Marine Act 1920 and desigzied to terminate th

existing as to rates of common carriers in foreign commerc

such carriers to file within 30 days of their effective dat

rates on all commodities except those loaded and transporte

without mark or count The order became effective Sep

1935 Since that date 2036 filings comprising from 1 to 

each have been made and as a result information as to 

actually charged by carriers engaged in foreign expor

available to the public for the first time
UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD BUREAU 

Export bills of ladingThe uniform through export b

for prescribed by the Interstate Commerce Commissio

pt II clause 14 that the conditions of the regular fo

bill of lading in use by the steamship company shall ap

conditions are not in conflict with conditions in the unifo

export bill of lading but only if the steamship compans

of lading form is on file in accordance with the rules 

tions of the United States Shipping Board andor the 

Commerce Commission To snake this provision of t

through export bill of lading effective the Secretary of 

on December 5 1935 issued an order establishing in this 

bill of lading file in which common carriers by water 

commerce are permitted to file their regular port bill of l

or forms This order requires the filing of sufficient 

copies of the steamship bill of lading forms to permit 

tion to the field offices of the Bureau of Foreign and Dom

merce where they are available for inspection by shipper

interested parties Ninety days advance notice is require

bill of lading forms in this file Following the issua

order 163 bill of lading forms have been filed by comm

by water who participate in the transportation of good

uniform through export bill of lading

Agreements under section 15 Shipping Act1916 Durin

1505 new agreements including modifications and can

approved agreements between carriers and other subje

were filed for approval under section 15 of the Shipping 

If these agreements contain provisions which appear to 

discriminatory or unfair as between carriers shippers 

importers or ports or between exporters from the United 

their foreign competitors or if they appear to operate t

ment of the commerce of the United States or to violate th

Act such provisions are called to applicant sattention fo

before final consideration Approval was given to 1353 

modifications and cancelations 1 agreement receiving 

At the close of the fiscal year there were on file 2564 effe

ments of which 124 were conference agreements The 

comprise transshipment arrangements agreements for 

of revenues joint services and other forms of cooperati

arrangements Under the conference agreements the pa

cooperate in the matter of fixing uniform rates fares ch

and regulations for the transportation of cargo or passen

case may be thus insuring to shippers and others uniform 

transportation rates and conditions and to the carrier fre

unfair competition as between the lines in agreement

DIVISION OF SHIPPING RESEARCH

The division continued to maintain records and comp

relating to the transportation of the foreign waterborne 

passenger traffic of the United States the intercoasta

of the United States the commerce between continen

States and its possessions acid the ownership operation 

characteristics of vessels of all nationalities of 1000 gro

upward Additional information pertaining to wage
180 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

American and foreign shipyards and data concerning the w

on ships under foreign registry have been secured Spec

on shipping and transportation problems as required b

governmental agencies were conducted from time to time

The records of the division indicate that luring the f

ended June 30 1936 3567 vessels of various nationalities pa

in the waterborne foreign trade of the United States mak

44000 entrances and clearances and transporting approxi

million tons of cargo and 1450 00 passengers between 1

States ports and 1233 foreign ports

The permanent records of the Division now include dat

ing to the waterborne commerce of the United States fo

Of 15 years 192135 covering transactions at 359 c

United States ports 453 ports in outlying possessions 

foreign ports malting a total of 3784 world ports D

period 2064 commodities whose volume totaled 1200 0 

tons valued at approximately 90 billion dollars were tr

in the waterborne foreign commerce of the United States

During the fiscal year the Division prepared 28 periodic

copies of which were issued to governmental officials and 

tions transportation companies financial industrial ed

and other institutions The Division also compiled 83 s

ports 38 of which were for the use of the Shipping Boa

and 21 for other Government agencies The remaining 

compilations were prepared for commercial and port orga

transportation companies periodical publications and e

institutions

The records of the Division for the fiscal year 1936 were 

from over 100 0 individual reports received from collecto

toms and vessel owners operators and agents

SECTION OF PUBLIC INFORMATION

During the fiscal year 1936 a more active part was 

the section in the cooperative study of ports and port 

conducted jointly by the Department of Commerce and 

tary of War as required by section 8 of the Merchant M

of 1920 The section undertook field surveys of the ports 

Miami and Jacksonville Fla Boston Mass and Portlan

At the close of the fiscal year the report on Portland M

not been completed

The following studies were published and distributed

Port Series No 6 Part I Calveaton Tex revised 1935

Port Series No 6 Part s Houston Tex revised 1935

Port Series No 6 Part 3 Texas City and Corpus Cbristi Te

1935 Port Series No 10 Savannah and Brunswick Ga revised 193

Port Series No 15 Norfolk Portsmouth and Newport News V

1934 Port Series No 17 Ports of the Territory of IIawaii revised 19

Port Series No 19 Gulfport and Pascagoula Miss revised 193

Port Series No 21 Ports of Puerto Rico revised 1935

Miscellaneous Series No 1 Port and Terminal Charges at Un

Pmts 1936 edition

Transportation Series No 3 Transportation Lines Operating on 

Lakes 1935
UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD BUREAU 

The following studies were completed and forwarded 

ernment Printing Office

Port Series No 2 Boston Mass revised 1936

Port series No 8 Part 1 Jacksonville Fla revised 1936

Port Series No 3 Part 2 Miami and Tampa Fla revised 19

Port Series No 13 Part 1 Los Angeles and Long Beach 

1936 Port Series No 13 Part 2 San Diego and San Luis Obispo 

1936 Port Series No 25 Ports on the Upper Hudson River 1936

Port Series No 26 Sacramento and Stockton Calif

Transportation Series No 4 Transportation Lines Operating 

sippi System

The section sforeign port data revised and kept curre

to be a valuable source of information on rates charges f

conditions at ports throughout the world

At the request of the Solicitor of the Department n

ports on legislation affecting the merchant marine and 

the Bureau were prepared in the section Daily reque

ping information which because of their nature and sc

referable to other units of the Bureau continued to be 

the section

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE

The office of the assistant to Director of the Bureau 

joint central administrative office of the Bureau and t

Fleet Corporation

In addition to these administrative functions the off

special assignments including the investigations and 

tions pertaining to sales to aliens of vessels documente

laws of the United States and the surrender of marin

of vessels covered by preferred mortgages

Sales to aliens and transfer of registryDuring th

year 71 vessels with a gross towage of 177 284 were a

sale to aliens with the privilege of transferring to fore

These vessels were either small yachts considered not es

development of the American merchant marine or larg

such age and obsolescence as to be uneconomical to op

of the larger obsolescent vessels had become surplus 

fleets and had been preiionsly replaced by newly constru

vessels Of the 71 vessels 7d were specifically enumerat

fer to foreign registry as follows British 13 of 66743 

Canadian 15 of 14207 gross tons Chinese 1 of 5391 

Cuban 5 of 172 gross tons Danish 1 of 17 gross tons E

of 869 gross tons Estonian 1 of 1607 gross tons Hondur

gross tons Italian 5 of 26047 gross tons Japanese 6 of 

tons Mexican 3 of 125 gross tons Netherland 1 of 4

Newfoundland 1 of 151 gross tons Nicaraguan 1 o

tons Norwegian 2 of 6405 gross tons Panamanian 

gross tons Philippine 5 of 12081 gross tons Sandi A

20 gross tons Swedish L of 19 gross tons Swiss 1 of 1

Venezuelan 1 of 205 gross tons and 2 of 5612 gross ton

fied foreign flag One vessel of 59 gross tons was sold 

without intention of documenting it under foreign reg
182 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

be used in the fishing trade off the Pacific coast One mo

an alien company was also approved

Surrender of marine documents During the fiscal ye

June 30 1936 the approval required by section 30 subsecti

Merchant Marine Act 1920 cited as the Ship Mortgage Ac

izing the surrender of the marine documents of vessels do

under the laws of the United States was granted for 75 ves

surrender of the documents was occasioned by the change 

port change of ownership or change of name of the v

volved In granting approvals positive conditions were 

that the vessels concurrently be redocumented under the law

United States and proper endorsements made to preserve t

of all preferred mortgages recorded against each of said ve
MERCHANT FLEET CORPORATION

ORGANIZATION

The Merchant Fleet Corporation is incorporated un

of the District of Columbia and all of the capital share

qualifying share held by each member of the Board 

are held by the Secretary of Commerce on behalf o

States

The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corp

ally scheduled to be held on April 17 was postponed u

1936 at which time the Board of Trustees for the ensu

elected Immediately following the annual meeting the 

Board of Trustees elected the officers of the Corpora

ensuing year At the close of the fiscal year 1936 the me

Board of Trustees were James Craig Peacock S D 

Trimble Jr C D Gibbons John J Miller and Mille

The officers of the Corporation were

President and chairman of the Board James 

Vice president vice chairman and secretary S Duva

Assistant secretary R L M

Treasurer C D G

General comptroller L D S

On July 10 1936 Mr Peacock resigned as president a

remaining however as Director of the Shipping Board 

Mr Schell was elected president of the Corporation and 

the Board Mr Foster was elected vies chairman of the 

OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

The president has general management and supervis

affairs of the Corporation administered through the fo

sions and offices Division of Construction and Maintena

of Operations and Sales Division of Traffic Division 

Offices of the treasurer Division of Finance and genera

DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENA

Under the terms of the reorganization effective Marc

Division of Loans and Sales was abolished and its fu

transferred to the newly created Division of Constructio

tenance and to other units The new division also 

functions relating to the maintenance and repair of v

were formerly allocated to the Division of Operations 

tion continued the maintenance and preservation of 

owned merchant vessels under the control of the Me

Corporation conducted condition surveys on privately 

on which the Government held sales and construction loa

continued work in connection with the dieselization 

amined vessel specifications and plans referred to the 
184 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

other offices of the organization developed additional data 

to the proposed standardization of various classes of mercha

and continued certain secretarial duties of the America

Standards Committee

Fol Ina applications for loans and action taken thereonO

4 1935 the President of the United States included in his 

to Congress suggestions for a new method of Governmen

the building of ships for the foreign trade Pending the 

of merchant marine legislation in which the suggestions 

corporated the number of applications for ship construct

has greatly decreased Only two such applications were 

duI the fiscal year

American South African Line Inc Under date of Oc

1935 application was made for a loan to aid in financing 

struction of a new twinscrew combination passenger and c

sel capable of a service speed of 16 knots

United States Lines Co Under date of December 14 19

cation was made for a loan to aid in financing the construc

new twinscrew combination passenger and cargo vessel cap

service speed of 20 knots

No final action had been taken on these or other pending 

tions when the provision of section 204 a of the Merchan

Act 1936 prohibiting the making of guy further constructi

became effective can June 29 1936

Inspection and Maintenance Section Pursuant to the re

tion effective March 2 1936 this section was relieved of resp

for supervising reserve fleet activities including maintenance 

ernmentowned merchant vessels in laidup status

During the year 420 complete condition surveys were mad

vately owned vessels under Government mortgage 40 such 

were made of Governmentowned vessels operated under c

by managing agents and 453 partial surveys were made 

previously reported deficiencies drydocking repair damages 

tioning work etc In addition certain special surveys w

ducted for the information of various interested offices 

organization

This section also supervised repairs on Governmentow

sels operated by managing agents tinder agency agreements 

materials valued at 2087 38 were sold to managing agents o

under the 1930 agreement materials valued at 69455 38 we

to managing agents under the 1935 agreement and wareho

plus materials valued at 17834 60 were sold to private ow

operators These sales were handled through the Supplies 

of the Division of Operations and Sales

During the fiscal year investigations were conducted an

tive action was taken in respect to defects in desi nns of m

installed on certain of the 23 Government owned merchan

converted from steam to Diesel drive This work was carri

cooperation with the engine builders

Teohn ical SectionIn addition to caunining vessel spec

and plans referred to the Division for technical statements of 

this section in cooperation with the Navy Department con
gg pp

approval of the main committee rules for the safety of life at sea

to be used by the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation

Personnel of this section conducted tests on the steamship Nantasket

for the purpose of determining the suitability of various materials

for use in slip construction

Under date of August 16 1935 there was published a pamphlet

entitled General Considerations In Treating Boiler eater this

being a sequel to a pamphlet on the same subject published during

the previous fiscal year Wide distribution was made of these

pamphlets among members of the marine industry

During the year this section cooperated with the Inspection and

Maintenance Section in connection with various engineering problems

involving the operation of vessels by managing agents

American Marive Standards Cmn aitteeThe records of the com

mittee were still in the custody of this division at the end of the

fiscal year Activities were confined to issuing publications covering

standard specifications previously approved by the committee and

replying to inquiries

DIVISION OF OPERATIONS AND SALES

In March 1936 antler a reorganization of the Washington office of

the Merchant Fleet Corporation the namee of the division was

changed to the Division of Operations and Sales and its functions

relating to the maintenance and repair of vessels were transferred

to the Division of Construction and Maintenance the Maintenance

and Reserve Fleet Section being abolished Functions relating to

the reserve fleet were retained and in addition thereto functions

relating to the sale and disposition of vessels were transferred to the

division

The division has continued general supervision over the operation

of vessels and the maintenance and supervision of operation of ter

minal properties under the control of the Shipping Board Bureau

and the Merchant Fleet Corporation During the past fiscal year

except as noted herein this division was composed of the same

sections mentioned in last year sreport

OperationsThe operation of the five Government owned cargo

lines was continued under operating agreement 1930 as amended

until their transfer to operating agreement 1935 was effected in

October 1935 The names of the managing agents of these lilies

together with the number of ships and voyages under each of the
I S S Unicoi still under operating agreement 1930 and will be transferred upon completion of repairs

The total of 162 voyages completed during the year were per

formed at a net cost to the Merchant Fleet orporaclon of 126

470 59 which represents a decrease of 254 33 01 compared with

the cost for the fiscal year 1935 The total vessel operating revenues

were 9149 652 43and the vessel operating expenses were 10276

123 02 These results were partly under the operating agreement

1930 under which managing operators collected all revenue and paid

all expenses and partly under the operating agreement 1935 under

which all vessel revenues and expenses are for the direct account

of the Merchant Fleet Corporation

This decrease in operating cost was due primarily to greatly

increased revenues obtained in the American Pioneer Line services

to Australia and the Orient and to a reduction which was made in

the number of sailings in the America France Line service The

American Pioneer Line for the fiscal year 1936 shows an estimated

operating profit of about 18000 against a loss in 1935 of approxi

mately 122 000 When the America France Line was placed under

operating agreement 1935 in October 1935 the sailings were reduced

from 52 to 36 per year and the operating loss through this curtail

ment of service has been reduced approximately 100 0 compared

with the cost in 1935 The reduction in the operating loss for a

full year due to the curtailment of service of this line will amount

to approximately 250 00

The operating results of each line under operating agreement 1935

have been systematically analyzed and reports prepared monthly

showing the results of operations and the findings of our analyses

These reports have formed the basis of corrective measures with

the managing agents where such action appeared necessary

Bareboat chartersIn order to permit Lykes Bros Ripley Steam

ship Co Inc the purchaser of certain Government lines and

tonnage to meet an urgent demand for ships to move cotton from

Gulf ports to European and United Kingdom ports which are served

by its lines seven vessels were chartered to that company under bare

boat form of charter The vessels were delivered to the charterer in

November 1935 and made a total of eight voyages for which the

Government has thus far received about 50000 in charter hire and

will probably receive an additional 30000 representing 50 percent

Orient

American Republics Line C R Sprague Son Inc 10 256T 10 1132 369

Total 39 89 36 73 162

I S S Unicoi still under operating agreement 1930 and will be transferred upon completion of repairs

The total of 162 voyages completed during the year were per

formed at a net cost to the Merchant Fleet orporaclon of 126

470 59 which represents a decrease of 254 33 01 compared with

the cost for the fiscal year 1935 The total vessel operating revenues

were 9149 652 43and the vessel operating expenses were 10276

123 02 These results were partly under the operating agreement

1930 under which managing operators collected all revenue and paid

all expenses and partly under the operating agreement 1935 under

which all vessel revenues and expenses are for the direct account

of the Merchant Fleet Corporation

This decrease in operating cost was due primarily to greatly

increased revenues obtained in the American Pioneer Line services

to Australia and the Orient and to a reduction which was made in

the number of sailings in the America France Line service The

American Pioneer Line for the fiscal year 1936 shows an estimated

operating profit of about 18000 against a loss in 1935 of approxi

mately 122 000 When the America France Line was placed under

operating agreement 1935 in October 1935 the sailings were reduced

from 52 to 36 per year and the operating loss through this curtail

ment of service has been reduced approximately 100 0 compared

with the cost in 1935 The reduction in the operating loss for a

full year due to the curtailment of service of this line will amount

to approximately 250 00

The operating results of each line under operating agreement 1935

have been systematically analyzed and reports prepared monthly

showing the results of operations and the findings of our analyses

These reports have formed the basis of corrective measures with

the managing agents where such action appeared necessary

Bareboat chartersIn order to permit Lykes Bros Ripley Steam

ship Co Inc the purchaser of certain Government lines and

tonnage to meet an urgent demand for ships to move cotton from

Gulf ports to European and United Kingdom ports which are served

by its lines seven vessels were chartered to that company under bare

boat form of charter The vessels were delivered to the charterer in

November 1935 and made a total of eight voyages for which the

Government has thus far received about 50000 in charter hire and

will probably receive an additional 30000 representing 50 percent
ULITED STATES SHIPPID BOARD BUREAU 

of the profit earned on these voyages The vessels after 

were placed in the reserve fleet During the year three s

and one cargo vessel were also under bareboat charter

Operatitvy Co8E7act 1 acrl ctioanIn September 

was created the Operating Contract Analysis Section 

Movement Section which was reported last year as an i

section became a branch thereof This new section was 

by the placing into effect of the operating agreement 1935 

board of trustees authorized in August 1935 for each o

operated for account of the Merchant Fleet Corporation 

tions of this section are to supervise and make analyses o

ation of vessels by the managing agents to negotiate and 

terms of charter parties and adjustments thereunder a

pare schedules of charges to be allowed under operating 

covering vessel operations fees commissions and steved

During the year this section furnished operating dat

mates and rendered other important assistance to the s

mittee appointed by the president of the Merchant Flee

tion to negotiate the tows of the operating agreement 

draft regulations to d1dace it into effect It also atten

operating details incicicut to the termination of operating 

1930 and the redelivery of vessels thereunder and deliver

new form of agreement Among its other accomplishm

review of the stubagency arrangements of each managing 

in investigation of their foreign flag affiliations in order t

the courpetitive features involved

Special consideration was given to stevedoring contract

the basis of data furnished by the general comptrolle

under such contracts were carefully analyzed and adjus

revisions effected where necessary Contracts which man

aturs tinder operating agreement 1930 had in effect for 

were with the approval of the president of the Merc

Corporation continued under operating agreement 1935 

examination and revision where necessary to fully 

interests of the Government

The vessel movement branch of this section continue

tions of the maintenance of records of sailings on line

guaranteed operation and status records of all vessels ow

Merchant Fleet Corporation and the preparation of stati

ments from such records

Regarve Fleet and Stuns Sectionthis section was 

March 1930 to perform the duties in connection with 

preservation anlmaintenance of laid up vessels the re

for which remained with the Division This section als

gated certain duties relating to the negotiation of terms 

iions involved in the sale and disposition of vessels 

supervision over the performance by purchasers unde

covering the sale of vessels and lines Previous to the 

this section these lastnamed functions had been pe

employees of the former Division of Loans and Sales r

the Division of Operations

On June 30 1936 there were 197 ships in the inact

against 229 on July 1 1935 These numbers are exclusi

Department vessels under our custody

1016023615
188 REPORT Or THE 6ECRETARY OF COAIMERCE

In the last annual report mention was Made of a phys

of all laidrip vessels and the classification of such vessels 

groups according to their type and condition During 

fiscal Tear preservation and nurintenance work above the 

was accomplished on vessels in class I and class II which 

listed as having sufficient value to warrant their further 

tion No preservation or maintenance work was perf

vessels in class III which are listed as having insufficient 

commercial or military operation to warrant thei

preservation

The net expenditure for maintaining the reserve fleet fo

fiscal year which is exclusive of general administrative ex

chargeable to liquidation funds was approximately 436 000 

pared with it cost of about 207 665 for the previous fiscal y

increase in expenditure was the result of the accomplis

necessary preservation work which had long been defe

which required the employment during nine months of th

additional personnel and the use of considerably more mat

had been used last year Since funds were not available 

for drydocking any of these vessels this is a project w

receive consideration during the Coluiu year

During the year one vessel the S S Nest Lashavyay 857

was sold for restricted Operation for it 2 year period in the 

the American West African Line the S S Etlehom 969

was sold to the Texas Co which is obligated to convert the 

a stationary oil plant for use solely in that capacity the S 

IVebxler 12980 dwtwas sold to the National Bulk Car

which is obligated to convert the vessel into a bulk and liq

carrier and not to operate tile vessel in any other capacity 

year period In addition 40 vessels were delivered to th

Iron fi Metal Co for breaking up The delivery of the

to the purchaser was in the nature of it settlement to compo

encea growing out of the withdrawal of 86 ships from a s

purchaser under a sales agreement dated November 5 103

for delivery of 124 vessels

Pour small craft were acquired without exchange of flu

other Government departments and the steamship Easter

544 d w t on which the Government was mortgagee 

clLased at it court sale in May 1936

Supplies SectionThis section during the fiscal year en

80 1936 handled the purchasing storing and distributi

materials supplies and equipment required by vessels 

and offices of the United States Shipping Board Bureau 

United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corpora

addition all procurement contracts entered into by manag

since the operating agreement 1985 went into eftect were 

by this section before final approval of the contracts Th

also supervised the transportation of materials for the u

Corporation and the procurement stocking and issuan

office supplies furniture and stationery including forms 

by managing agents for rise in connection with vessels ope

account of the Merchant Pleet Corporation
UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD BUREAU 

Purchase orders in an aggregate amount of 368 430 54

during the year of which 195 879 45represented purc

by the Washington office Sales orders handled by this se

4166 13and to addition there were numerous transfer

materials to other Government departments without 

funds

Coincident with the placing into effect of operating 

1935 it became necessary for the Supplies Section to 

activities in connection with inventories of stores and 

aboard our vessels and many improvements have been 

manner of taking vessel inventories and in keeping rec

terials owned by the Government In addition an a

made of all ships stores machinery and equipment in 

storehouses of the Merchant Fleet corporation for the 

making recommendation as to which material is to be r

reserve stock and which may be considered surplus

Vessel Disability and Personnel SectionThe placing 

Operating Agreeent m 1935 has made necessary closer sup

wages working conditions and the personnel aboard ve

tlerchant Fleet Corporation causing a material incre

activities of this section

Following conferences held with representatives o

agents and with representatives of licensed officers and se

organizations standard manning and wage scales and un

lations on working conditions were promulgated and pu

oil vessels under the control of the Merchant Fleet Corpo

provided for it general increase in wages an increase in 

of vessel personnel eniployed and an improvement 

conditions

This section rendered assistance in an advisory capaci

surance Division and to the office of the Solicitor for the 

It has exercised supervision over the selection by mana

of licensed officers on vessels operated for account of the 

and has conducted investigations concerning sea personne

disabilities Careful attention has been paid to the latter 

measures have been taken and instructions issued so tha

may be prevented and losses resulting from damage to 

may be kept at it minimnnr

Term bnals awl Peal Estate SectionUnder the contro

partment and administered by the Division of Operation

at the end of the year there were five marine terminals a

storage station 1 sixth terminal at Charleston S C w

Of on June 16 1936 pursuant to an act of Congress Pub

74th Cong

I3oston This terminal is leased to Piers Operating 

year period ending June 30 1939 on the basis of a Rx

65711 per annum Commencing in May 1935 the War 

undertook extensive repairs to the substructure at au 

cost of1000 and completed the work in April 1936 

reconstruction work was in progress the facilities avail

use of the lessee were curtailed and as a result it was 

grant an abatement of the rental paid by the lessee On 

current figures which are subject to adjustment pending 
190 REPORT OF THE SECRLTARY OF COMMERCE

urination of the exact amount of rental to be abated the 

Fleet Corporation has earned a profit of about56070for 

year 1936

Hoboken The North Atlantic Terminal Service Inc is 

of this terminal for a period of 5 years ending August 

under a form of lease whereby the Merchant Fleet Corpo

ceives 50 percent of the gross revenues accruing to the less

minimum guaranteed rental of 90000 for the first year an

for each of the succeeding 4 years At the cononenceme

second year the minimum guarantee was reduced to 6000

the commencement of the third year was set at 80000 T

cessions in the amount of rental were necessitated by advers

conditions During the fiscal year 1936 it was necessary 

take extensive repairs and reconditioning work in order to 

the property the operations for the year resulting in 

11354 09

Brooklyn This terminal leas leased to Piers Inc for 

commencing March 1 1934 and ending December 31 1

rental of 56 percent of the gross revenue accruing to the le

a minimum guaranteed rental of 150 00 per annum T

urn guarantee as reported last year was reduced on Marc

to 130 00 but when a reduction to 94000 for the cu

was refused the lessee in accordance with the provisions o

gave notice of cancelation effective November 27 1935 The 

was thereupon advertised for lease at an upset price of 10

annum and when no bids were received it was again adv

the same price and with the same result The upset price 

reduced to 100 0 per annum and new bids were invite

response to this last proposal three bids were received 

was made to the highest bidder namely the American 

Steamship Co which had bid 111 000 on belialf of it corp

be formed and a lease was executed with its newly for

sidiary Brooklyn Dock Storage Inc for a period of 

commencing January 1 1936 and eroding June 30 1940 

standing considerable reconditioning expense the Govern

rived a profit of 53835 06from the operation of this term

Philadelphia This ternimal is leased to Philadelphia P

for the period commencing August21934 and ending June 

at an annual rental of 16200 During the past fiscal ye

been necessary to undertake extensive repa rs consisting p

of renewal of steam and water piping elovalor reconditio

cleaning and painting The total amount spent was 1353

the excess of revenue over expenditures amounted to 262

theNorfolk year Under a lease for a period commencing Augus

and ending June 301939 the Norfolk Tidewater Terminals 

the lessee of this property at an annual rental of 160 00 

the past year the lessee requested a reduction in the unou

annual rental of 50000 and upon being refused served 

cancelation of the lease in September 1935 to become e

March 1936 The terminal was then advertised for lease a

price of 110 00 per annum and in response to the prop

one bid was received namely that of the incumhent the 
UNITPDSTATES SAIPPING BOARD BUREAU 

Tidewater Terminals Inc which bid 115 500 This 

cepted and a lease was executed for the period commencin

1936 and ending June 30 1940 at an annual rental of 

slight increase in rental being negotiated to include a 

which had been reserved in the lease as advertised F

year 1936 during which period the terminal was under 

Norfolk Tidewater Terminals Inc under two forms 

different annual rentals the profit accruing to the 

amounted to 79144 8

Charleston This property was under lease to the P

Commission of Charleston for a 5 year period ending 

1936 and prior to the expiration of the lease a supp

denture of lease was executed to provide for an extens

30 1936 without change in the other terms and conditio

of Congress approved May 27 1936 the Secretary of Co

authorized and directed to convey this property by qui

to the city of Charleston S C and pursuant to this a

erty was delivered on June 16 1936 The operation of t

for the year resulted in a net loss to the Government o

Craney Island The Craney Island Fuel Oil Station 

the Elizabeth River near Norfolk Va was leased to the P

Shipping Co commencing May 1 1933 on a yearly bas

nual rental of 300 with an option of renewal from y

for a toi al period not exceeding 5 years This lease has b

on May 1 in each of the 3 succeeding years In acco

the terms of the lease the lessee is obligated to pay for m

reconditioning and miscellaneous expense in connectio

upkeep of the property and the amount of rental rece

Government has not been offset by any expense

DIVISION OF TRAFFIC

The Division of Traffic a part of the Shipping Bo

since 1934 was again incorporated as a division of the Me

Corporation during the fiscal year and continued to h

matters for the Bureau as well as for the Merchant Fleet 

The new form of operating agreement which became e

ing the year required more direct supervision by this D

the traffic activities of the four managing agents opera

remaining services for Government account This super

ercised principally with respect to their schedule of sail

with competitive lines dealings in conferences forwar

rates and traffic agreements All our services have show

ment in the past fiscal year owing to increased cargo ca

increased revenues

The Division continues to render assistance to priva

Anerican flag lines in dealing with special cargo movem

tition and other traffic matters of importance in their 

An incident in illustration was a movement of300 0 

flour from North Pacific coast ports to the Philipp

handled by the Agricultural Adjustment Administratio

the American Mail Line from Seattle and the States Ste

from Portland were particularly interested
192 REPORT Or THE SECRETARY OF COB4 IERCE

Eqyptian cottonThrough the London office of this Div

season contract for movement of Egyptian cotton to the 

States was closed Two American flag lines are benefited 

arrangement one by the direct movement and the other 

shipment at Liverpool

Pooling ay re ixntrThe Philippine China pool comp

the conference cargo lines from North Atlantic ports inclu

American Pioneer Line continued to wort satisfactoril

overcoming many ditliculties which led to certain revision

percentages of distribution among the various lines arran

have been practically completed for an extension of the w

Poolin agreonnent from 1Suropean continental ports w

Al tccerp Ilamlburg range to United Mates North Atlant

This Division has taken an active part ill all these negotiatio

Tine Cart iagc of Goods by Sea Act comeuonh known as th

Rules was approved on April 16 1936 and the Chief of this 

heading the Bill of Ladin Committee of the Merchant Flee

ration in cooperation with the solicitor soffico and the Di

Insurance is actively engaged in drawinng up a new hill of la

the Governmentowned services in conformity with the prov

this act

DIVISION OF INSURANCE

Under authority of the Merchant Marine act 1928 the 

Fleet Corporation maintained and administered the general 

fund

legal

which

or equitable

is used

interest

to insure

in vessel

in whole

tonnage

of in part the Govs

The Fleet Corporation continued to encourage the placin

insurance on vessels in which the Government has in in

the American commercial market and rendered assistance 

of vessels purchased from the Bureau as well is owners 

constructed or reconditioned with the aid of the Bureau sco

loan fund by accepting in the insurance fund the excess of t

ity of the commercial market and insurance in an amount n

ing the amount o the mortgage debt in cases where the s

was unable to obtain satisfactory rates ill the commercial m

some cases the use of the foreign market has been approv

special circumstances

As of June 30 1936 the total coverage in tine general insura

amounted to 22432 750of which 12405 30applied to 66 

owned American flag vessels and 10027 450 represented ins

39 Government owned vessels operated in Fleet Corpora

ices The total annont of insurance was therefore 81096

than tine amount covered at tine beginning of the fiscal y

The premiums received by the general insurance fund 

inception to June 30 1936 totaled 16846 704 while clain

amount of 1403884 were paid during the same period

Unsettled claims for which the general insurance fund 

are estimated at137 224 as of June 30 1936 Assuming 

claims are settled for this estimated amount the unobligate

of the general insurance fund on June 30 1936 would be 16

The examination of commercial policies furnished by 

vessels mortgaged to the Government has continued to be an 
UNITED STATES SKIPPING BOARD BUREAU 

activity These policies totaling 215 7040are requir

sales and loan mortgages to protect the Governmens

the vessels

Commercial protection and indemnity insurance f

operators of Government vessels in the amount of 215

also examined Policies covering fire workmen comp

general liability submitted by lessees of Government pie

and also automobile liability insurance for the Merchan

poration totaling approximately 10000 were exam

200 cases of personal injury of employees of the Fleet 

and Shipping I3oard I3ureau were handled with the U

Employees Compensation Commission

The settlement of protection and indemnity claims 

prior to July 1 1929 when the United States Protec

demnity Agency Inc was sold has progressed favora

the year 37 claims were settled for approximately 36

on June 30 1936 there were 36 pending claims tota

740 20 This includes a number of claims revived by the 

to the Suits in Admiralty Act of June 30 1932

The annual survey of marine insurance in the Unite

dicates that sharp cimipetitiou continues between the A

foreign markets The downward trend of hull rates in 

market is regarded with apprehension by the more 

underwriters abroad and the American market which is 

by the American Marine Insurance Syndicates has be

yield desirable domestic business to London at rates wh

dicates feel will probably not produce a profit Despit

ditions both Mill and cargo premiums in the United 

1935 have shown it gain over the figures for 1934

Reports from American shipowners show that of th

on 159 ocean goin vessels in the amount of 468829

premituns of 10967 54653 percent was placed in the U

and 47 percent in the foreign market Of these prem

surance fund of the Shipping Board Burean received 

274 percent 345 vessels were self insured either wholly 

in the moron of93063 52

A decided improvement in cargo premiums is indic

figures for 1935 the net premiums of domestic insuranc

having increased by3410 00 and admitted companies 

over the 1934 fizmes

TREASURER DIVISION OF FINANCE

Ill Division of Finance in charge of the treasurer 

chant Fleet Corporation handles receipts and disburseme

the United States Shipping Board Bureau and United 

pinlg Board Merchant Fleet Corporation Since Janu

disbursements for the Shipping Board Bureau have be

the Division of Disbursement of the United States Treas

ment but collections and disbursement vouchers are sc

transmitted to that office by the Division of Finance

For the fiscal year 1936 the Shipping Board Bureau 

appropriation of 211 000 of which 163 39421 was ex
194 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMAIPsRCE

an additional amount of 870 10 committed during the yea

aries and miscellaneous expenses of the Bureau

No appropriation from the United States Treasury was 

achnulistrative and operating expenses of the Merchant F

poration in the fiscal year IM6 but the use of unexpended 

of funds on hand July 1 1935 and operating and liquidation 

chrring the fiscal year 1936 was authorized the latter bein

to 1000 to defray expenses of liquidation the use of 

tional sum of1000 6 Nvas authorized for reconditioning 

erating ships to carry coal cotton grain lumber and ot

Commodities to foreign ports A brief statement of the seve

fluxls maintained by the Merchant Fleet Corporation du

fiscal year 1936 follows

Fund oeomng Not receipts Net disburse 

balance moots 

Operating

Dfesolieat 00

fund

fund

6385 752 63

148 460 80

500679 82 61885

30764 01

s3 

Liquidation loud 54224 43 4168 329 40 4152 53246 

Insurance fund 11 141 709 4 r3 m2n 17 107211 

Includes3173 426 08liquidation mceipts transferred to inanauce fund

A complete statement of the financial activities of the 

Board Bureau and Merchant Fleet Corporation is appende

CoUeotionsCollection of current and inactive account

able of the Merchant Fleet Corporation is an important a

this Division During the fiscal year 178 current invoices 

approximately1250 00 and insurance premiums totaling 

were collected and 73 inactive accounts amounting to 14600

collected settled or otherwise closed

Collections of principal payments on secured accounts 

Shipping Board Bureau and Merchant Fleet Corporation 

14797 340 56of which 113064115 applied to construc

notes and 3210 574 17to shipsales securities The sum 

48468 32 was collected as interest on notes and other s

of which 2715 698 74applied to construction loan notes

Amounts collected as repayments of construction loans w

posited in the construction loan fund but interest on such l

covered into the United States Treasury as miscellaneous 

Collections of both principal and interest on shipsales notes 

were used to defray expenses of maintaining the reserve flee

salaries and expenses of the personnel engaged in liquidatio

the 1000limitation approved by the 1936 appropriation 

disbursements were made under the 1000 authorizatio

liquidation receipts for reconditioning and operating ships f

ing coal and other basic commodities to foreign ports C

in excess of the liquidation expense total were transferre

insurance fund pursuant to title V section 501 of the 

Marine Act 1928

While as in the past several companies had difficulty in 

their obligations to the Government it is of particular i

note that during the fiscal year eight borrowers from the 

tion loan fund prepaid notes totaling 1W788and eig
UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD BUREAU 

nies prepaid ship sales purchase notes totaling 407 78 67 

payments from two borrowers from the construction 

totaling 2105 750 represented the entire amount of t

tions which were covered by several series of notes with 

ties in 1941

SecuritiesThe face value of notes and other securit

collection dropped from approximately 123 300 0 as 

1935 to 108 40 0 on June 30 1936 due not only t

collections and prepayments previously mentioned but als

that no now construction loans and but few ship sales we

ing the fiscal year

Hourrng propertiesConveyances of 43 properties a

gages at Brooklawn N J were made to the Brooklaw

Corporation during the year this action leaves 4 prope

mortgages with a total purchase price of 39936 plus in

conveyed to that corporation pursuant to the terms 

agreements The expiration late of the contract with t

tion was extended from December 31 1935 to June 30 1

recently extended further to September 30 1936

Refunds of deposits made during the year to auct

chasers of four properties at Morgan Villwt o Camden 

the purchase contracts with these buyers were canceled 

only 3 of a total of 12 properties in Morgan Village st

auctionsale contracts All 12 of these properties are ren

Veel operatin7 receiptsv and chsbaersgeentsCoincid

transfer of vessels to operation under operating agreem

became necessary to arninge for handling domestic and 

ceipts and disbiu sements of the several lines Operati

were opened in banks in Now York Norfolk and I3ost

all vesseloperating receipts are deposited and from whi

ments are made by employees of the Merchant Fleet C

Foreign disbursenents for vessels of several of these line

from specific bank credits established for each voyage at 

port of call while foreign disbursements for other line

from foreign revenue collections which in amount equ

disbursement requirements for these linos

Construction loan fundEfrective March 2 1936 th

was made responsible for the handling of applications fo

the construction loan fund and for supervision of the p

and administration of the requirements of contracts for 

loans so far as operating retrictions insurance coverag

specific features of and modifications to such contracts ar

No loan applications were filed after March 2 1936 

of the applications received prior to that date is inclu

report of the Division of Con truction and Maintenance

GENERAL COMPTROLLER

This office during the fiscal vear 1936 continued to m

accounting and auditing records and procedures esse

orderly and proper reflection of the assets and liabilities a

and expenses and to the certification and approval of the 

disbursements of the Shipping Board Burcau and the Me

Corporation
196 REPORT OF THE SECRE JAto OF COILIIERCF

The operating agreement 1935 became effective during 

and the formulation institution and application of the 

and agency accounting and auditing procedures required 

control and reflection of the fiscal operation of our vess

under threw a heavy burden upon this office entailing 

meticulous audit of operating revenues and expenses than 

merly necessary and the opening and maintenance of deta

ating and control accounts This work was carried on con

with the usual supervision given operations under the 

agreement 1930 and the malting of special audits covering t

of that agreement in order that settlement with the manag

ators might be accomplished

The other work handled by the office was similar in char

scope to that outlined in the preceding anneal reports and 

among other things the supervision of the fiscal operations 

quent debtors the disposition of oatstanding accounts the 

of assistance to other divisions of the organization and t

ments of the Government in the defense and prosecution o

the audit and control of the accounts of our terminal p

and the making of special investigations and reports dea

the operation and financial condition of both Government a

lines

These matters and the routine work of the office were 

without important change in either organization or procedu

that a limited reallocation of personnel was made in orde

vide the close supervision necessary to the control of operati

the operating agreement 1935

STATISTICS

Owing to limitations of space it few of the statistical s

incorporated in former years in the annual reports of th

States Shipping I3oard have been omitted front this repor

be furnished in mimeographed form to those making app

writing to the Chairman of the United States Maritime Co

Washington D C
UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD BUREAU 

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Sculoami LCash and unrequisitioned appropriations available f

purposes as at Jane 30 1936

General cash before adjustmentCash in U S Treasury in banks and

10664 28

Unrequisitioned

to transit to depositories

appropriations

8061

7759

Emergency sbippiut fond2001 81

U S Shipping Board Bureau 195 212 30

U S Shipping Lonrd Lurcau 1936 5672 94

Sa laries mad expenses fiscal year 1936

8 

Loss Amoanit to be transferred to marine insuianee fond subsequent to 

J 313 1086 representing balance of excessroales receipts over liquida

57305 10

tion expcnne requirements in ocrnrdanee will aidhoriaation of tiro

Assistant Secretary of Commerce baled June 29 1036 

Total cash available for general purposes as of June 30 1936 4

The appropriation acts for inch year have appropriated to tiro use of

the U S Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation the balances of

429 71

general cash oil hand at the beginning of the fiseal year all amounts

received during the year other than the proceeds from the silos of ships

and surplus property and additional amounts from the U S Tecatnry

except for the fiscal years Gets 1934 1935 and 1936 The appropria

576 03

tion acts for each year since 1025 have also appropriated certain amounts

of tam proceeds from sales as is necessary to meet the expenses of liquida

1500 00

tion including the costs incident to the delivery of vessels to purchasers

the riot of maintainine the laid up fleet and the alarics and expenses of

nt marine for which specific appropriations have not been made by

asgeneral cash as at June 30 1936 as above shown includos the

rig funds liquidation Hinds and the land for the engineering

Dent program which was last available for the fiscal year 1933 viz

eratills f

quidation fund fiscal year1936 

quidation fund fiscal year1036 

agincoring development program 

Total 4 

SCIIFDULF 2Cas4 and unrequisitioned appr0priatiow available fo

of the United States Shipping Board Bureau as at June 30 

CashAvailable for salaries and expenses fiscal year 1936 10664 28

Texas Centennial Exposition act Aug 13 1933 7759

Totalcash

Unrequisitioned appropriations

Sa laries mad expenses fiscal year 1936 16941 51

Salaries and expenses fiscal year 1935 57305 10

Chicago World s Fair Centennial Celebration act June 19

1934 1934 and 1935 429 71

California Pacific International Exposition act Mar 21

1930 1935 and 1936 576 03

Texas Cente Exposition act Aug 13 1035 1500 00

Total unrequisitioned appropriations 

Total cash and unrequisitioned appropriations U S Shipping Board

Rnrean 
UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD BUREAU 

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206 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
I

UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD BUREAU 

Esti nwted operating PrOM or loss fiscal year 1936

Amounts shown in Italics represent losses

i Number of vessels at end of year

W

7

Number terming tions of Operat agree meat ing

Estimated

Revenue Expens

Freighter s

Freighters Chattered vessels 8973 193035 3881 012 5398090 51 936

083 4364413923717 

Total 162 3977 10 503

225 99 

1

585 701 38119 9285

5461227152317172

4330 027096

Inactive vessels

In custody of operations Merchant

Fleet Corporation

Managing operator

Administrative expense operating

Miscellaneous revenue and expense

Termina

Others

ls

Total 705 628 33 47

0098 

163 4682 731 07 614288 22

150220

Total operation

Administrative expense employees as

signed to United States Shipping

BoardBarren

Total6299 715 42 

i Number of vessels at end of year

W

7