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Exhibit 4.5
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DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES
REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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Alfi, Inc. (“Alfi”, the “Corporation” or “we”) has one class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”): our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “common stock”).
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Authorized Capital Stock
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Our authorized capital stock consists of 80,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 8,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, all of which shares of preferred stock are undesignated.
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Common Stock
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Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders, including the election of directors. Such holders are not entitled to vote cumulatively for the election of directors. Holders of a majority of the shares of common stock may elect all of the directors standing for election. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, common stockholders are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the common stockholders are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to prior distribution rights of preferred stock, if any, then outstanding. Common stockholders have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock.
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We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently expect to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
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Preferred Stock
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Under our Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (our “Charter”), our board of directors is authorized, without action by the stockholders, to designate and issue preferred stock in one or more series and to designate the powers, preferences and rights of each series, which may be greater than the rights of the common stock. It is not possible to state the actual effect of the issuance of any shares of preferred stock upon the rights of holders of the common stock until our board of directors determines the specific rights of the holders of such preferred stock. However, the effects might include, among other things:
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	impairing dividend rights of the common stock;


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	diluting the voting power of the common stock;


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	impairing the liquidation rights of the common stock; and


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	delaying or preventing a change in control of us without further action by the stockholders.


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Common Stock Purchase Warrants Issued in Our Initial Public Offering
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In connection with our initial public offering completed on May 6, 2021, we issued and sold 4,291,045 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 4,291,045 shares of common stock (including 559,701 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 559,701 shares of common stock pursuant to full exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option). The following is a summary of certain terms and provisions of the common stock purchase warrants we issued and sold in our initial public offering.
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Exercisability. The warrants are exercisable at any time after their original issuance and at any time up to the date that is five years after their original issuance. The warrants are exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice and, at any time a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the warrants under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), is effective and available for the issuance of such shares, or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is available for the issuance of such shares, by payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise. If a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the warrants under the Securities Act is not effective or available and an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is not available for the issuance of such shares, the holder may, in its sole discretion, elect to exercise the warrant through a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the warrant. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price or round up or down, as applicable, to the next whole share.
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Exercise Limitation. A holder does not have the right to exercise any portion of the warrant if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the outstanding common stock after exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the warrants, except that upon notice from the holder to us, the holder may waive such limitation up to a percentage, not in excess of 9.99% of the number of shares of the common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the warrants.
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Exercise Price. The exercise price per whole share of common stock purchasable upon exercise of the warrants is $4.57 per share. The exercise price is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting the common stock and also upon any distributions of assets, including cash, stock or other property to our stockholders.
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Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, the warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent.
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Warrant Agent. The warrants were issued in registered form under a warrant agency agreement between VStock Transfer, LLC, as warrant agent, and us. Upon closing of our initial public offering, our warrants were represented only by one or more global warrants deposited with the warrant agent, as custodian on behalf of The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), and registered in the name of Cede & Co., a nominee of DTC, or as otherwise directed by DTC.
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Fundamental Transactions. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of the common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of the outstanding common stock, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by the outstanding common stock, the holders of the warrants are entitled to receive upon exercise of the warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction.
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Rights as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided in the warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of the common stock, the holder of a warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of the common stock, including any voting rights, until the holder exercises the warrant.
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Governing Law. The warrants and the warrant agency agreement are governed by New York law.
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Anti-Takeover Effects of our Charter and Bylaws and Delaware Law
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Our Charter and Amended and Restated By-laws (our “Bylaws”) include a number of provisions that may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing another party from acquiring control of us and encouraging persons considering unsolicited tender offers or other unilateral takeover proposals to negotiate with our board of directors rather than pursue non-negotiated takeover attempts. These provisions include the items described below.
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Filling Newly Created Directorship and Vacancies
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Any newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors and any vacancies occurring in our board of directors, may be filled by the affirmative votes of a majority of the remaining members of our board, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. A director so elected shall be elected to hold office until the earlier of the expiration of the term of office of the director whom he or she has replaced, a successor is duly elected and qualified, or the earlier of such director’s death, resignation, or removal. The treatment of vacancies has the effect of making it more difficult for stockholders to change the composition of our board.
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No Written Consent of Stockholders
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Our Charter provides that all stockholder actions are required to be taken by a vote of the stockholders at an annual or special meeting, and that stockholders may not take any action by written consent in lieu of a meeting. This limit may lengthen the amount of time required to take stockholder actions and would prevent the amendment of our Bylaws or removal of directors by our stockholders without holding a meeting of stockholders.
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Special Meetings of Stockholders
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Except as otherwise required by law and subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock, special meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be called only by: (i) our board of directors acting pursuant to a resolution approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office; or (ii) the Secretary of the Corporation, following receipt of one or more written demands to call a special meeting of the stockholders from stockholders of record who own, in the aggregate, at least 25% of the voting power of the outstanding shares of the Corporation then entitled to vote on the matter or matters to be brought before the proposed special meeting that complies with the procedures for calling a special meeting of the stockholders as forth in our Byaws. Pursuant to our Bylaws, the business transacted at a special meeting requested by stockholders shall be limited to the matters described in the special meeting request; provided, however, that nothing in our Bylaws prohibits our board of directors from submitting matters to the stockholders at any special meeting requested by stockholders.
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Advance Notice Requirements
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Our Bylaws include advance notice procedures with regard to stockholder proposals relating to the nomination of candidates for election as directors or new business to be brought before meetings of our stockholders. These procedures provide that notice of stockholder proposals must be timely given in writing to our corporate secretary prior to the meeting at which the action is to be taken. Generally, to be timely, notice must be received at our principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary date of the annual meeting for the preceding year. Our Bylaws specify the requirements as to form and content of all stockholders’ notices. These requirements may preclude stockholders from bringing matters before the stockholders at an annual or special meeting.
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Amendment to Charter and Bylaws
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Any amendment of our Charter must first be approved by a majority of our board of directors, and if required by law or our Charter, must thereafter be approved by a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote on the amendment and a majority of the outstanding shares of each class entitled to vote thereon as a class, except that the amendment of the provisions relating to the number of directors, their terms of office, limitation of liability and indemnification must be approved by not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares entitled to vote on the amendment, and not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of each class entitled to vote thereon as a class.
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Our Charter and Bylaws expressly authorize and empower our board of directors to adopt, amend, alter, or repeal our Bylaws without any action on the part of the stockholders. The stockholders also may adopt, amend, alter or repeal our Bylaws; provided that, in addition to any affirmative vote of the holders of any particular class or series of capital stock of the Corporation required by applicable law or our Charter, such adoption, amendment, alteration or repeal must be approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the voting power of the shares
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of the then outstanding voting stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.
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Undesignated Preferred Stock
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Our Charter provides for authorized shares of preferred stock. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock may enable our board of directors to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise. For example, if in the due exercise of its fiduciary obligations, our board of directors were to determine that a takeover proposal is not in the best interests of our stockholders, our board of directors could cause shares of preferred stock to be issued without stockholder approval in one or more private offerings or other transactions that might dilute the voting or other rights of the proposed acquirer or insurgent stockholder or stockholder group. In this regard, our Charter grants our board of directors’ broad power to establish the rights and preferences of authorized and unissued shares of preferred stock. The issuance of shares of preferred stock could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of shares of common stock. The issuance may also adversely affect the rights and powers, including voting rights, of these holders and may have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of us.
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Choice of Forum
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Our Bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative form, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Chancery Court does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware) will be the sole and exclusive forum for state law claims for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty or other wrongdoing by any of our directors, officers, employees or agents to us or our stockholders; (iii) any action asserting a claim against us, or any current or former director, officer, or other employee or stockholder, arising out of or pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or our Charter or Bylaws; and (iv) any action asserting a claim against us or any current or former director or officer or other employee governed by the internal affairs doctrine; provided, however, that this choice of forum provision does not apply to any causes of action arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. Our Bylaws further provide that, unless we consent in writing to an alternative forum, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Our Bylaws also provides that any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock will be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to this choice of forum provision. We recognize that the forum selection clause in our Bylaws may impose additional litigation costs on stockholders in pursuing any such claims, particularly if the stockholders do not reside in or near the State of Delaware or the State of Florida, as applicable. Additionally, the forum selection clause in our Bylaws may limit our stockholders’ ability to bring a claim in a forum that they find favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees even though an action, if successful, might benefit our stockholders. The Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a stockholder considering an action may be located or would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments may be more or less favorable to us than our stockholders.
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Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law
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We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 (“Section 203”) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”). In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the time that this stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner.
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Under Section 203, a business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of the following conditions:
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	before the stockholder became interested, our board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;


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	upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding, shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and employee stock plans, in some instances, but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder; or


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	at or after the time the stockholder became interested, the business combination was approved by our board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.


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Section 203 defines a business combination to include:
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	any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;


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	any sale, transfer, lease, pledge or other disposition involving the interested stockholder of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation;


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	subject to exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;


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	subject to exceptions, any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; and


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	the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation.


In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by the entity or person.
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Limitation of Liability and Indemnification
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As permitted by the DGCL, provisions in our Charter and Bylaws limit or eliminate the personal liability of our directors.  Thus, directors will not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages or breach of fiduciary duty as a director.
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In addition, our Charter and Bylaws provide that we may (i) indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, subject to limited exceptions, including an exception for indemnification in connection with a proceeding initiated by such persons authorized in the specific case by the board of directors; and (ii) advance expenses, including attorney’s fees, actually incurred by a director or officer in connection with legal proceedings, subject to certain terms and conditions.
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We may also maintain general liability insurance that covers our directors, officers, employees and agents against any liability for claims in any such capacity, whether or not we would have the power to indemnify such persons against such liability under the DGCL.
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These provisions may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors or officers for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also discourage stockholders from bringing a derivative lawsuit against our directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to indemnification provisions, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected.
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Nasdaq Capital Market Listing
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The common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ALF.” The common stock purchase warrants issued in connection with our initial public offering in May 2021 are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ALFIW.”
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Transfer Agent and Registrar
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The transfer agent and registrar for the common stock and the Warrant Agent is VStock Transfer, LLC. The transfer agent’s address is 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, NY 11598, and its telephone number is (212) 828-8436.

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