# Patent

## Title
Fluid power conducting swivel

## Abstract

A casing running tool capable of handling pipe and tubing has fluid power conducting channels leading from stationary to rotating components, through a swivel. The swivel has a plurality of fluid channels, each confined by dynamic seals that rub peripherally on mating seal surfaces. The seals are carried on at least one piston that is movable, on command, to carry the seals out of contact with the peripherally rubbing surfaces.

## Background
This invention pertains to Casing Running Tools (CRT) used with top drives in well production activities. As used herein CRT refers to any string of casing, pipe or tubing. As used herein, Top Drives (TD) refers to any system that is suspended from the traveling block and rotates a pipe string. More specifically, but not as a limitation, the invention deals with seals related to swivels used to conduct fluids from stationary ducts to ducts that rotate, usually in sympathy with a pipe string suspended in a well.
BACKGROUND
Drilling rigs fitted with top drives rotate suspended pipe strings while the pipe strings are being inserted into well bores. CRT elements have pipe gripping and pipe manipulating features that are operated by fluid powered apparatus. Such fluid powered apparatus is usually powered and controlled by consoles on the rig floor. The consoles are stationary and the controlled apparatus, at least in part, is often rotated. A swivel arrangement is used to allow the transfer of fluid power from the stationary to the rotating elements.
The diameter of the necessary fluid seals involved, and the rotational speed, tends to tax the seals durability. Such seals tend to have short service life and seal failures are a persistent problem.
Fluid power is used, by the CRT, to manipulate the pipe and pipe handling gear while the pipe string is not rotating. Fluid power is also used to secure the pipe string to the CRT during rotation.
To improve reliability, the design of CRT equipment benefits from the separation of fluid powered features that operate during non-rotating activity from the features that operate during pipe string rotation. That separation supports the use of accumulators to provide fluid power during pipe string rotation for securing the pipe string to the CRT, for instance. While the CRT is not rotating, fluid power can proceed through the swivel to charge the accumulators. After the accumulators are charged, and before rotation, the fluid power can be reduced to reduce the challenge to the seals in the swivel. That still leaves the seals in sliding contact. There is still a need to better protect the seals. This invention addresses the need to further protect the swivel seals.
SUMMARY
A CRT assembly, secured to a top drive, has pipe string manipulation features that are powered and operated by stationary fluid power sources and controls. The fluid power is conducted, by a plurality of ducts, through a swivel to the CRT. The ducts through the swivel work well when there is pressure in the ducts but no rotation takes place. Before rotation, the pipe securing features in the CRT are powered by fluid pressure in charged accumulators. When rotation is to begin, the fluid pressure in the accumulators is secured by check valves and fluid pressure being carried through the swivel is reduced. The swivel seals no longer required to operated the CRT during rotation are moved to relief areas so that the seals no longer contact the mating seal rubbing surfaces. During subsequent rotation the seals are not subject to friction loads. The seal life is then not taxed by hours of rotation.
When fluid pressure is again needed to operate the rotating features of the CRT, rotation is stopped and the swivel seals are moved to contact their mating rubbing surfaces to secure the fluid ducts. The seals are mounted on a piston that moves to manipulate the seal positions.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that this invention is one well adapted to attain all of the ends and objects hereinabove set forth, together with other advantages which are obvious and which are inherent to the apparatus.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of the invention coupled to the extending hardware that allows processing of pipe sections into pipe strings in a well bore.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a particular assembly, part of FIG. 1, into which novel features of the invention are enclosed.
FIG. 3 is a side view, mostly in cut-away, showing the principal features that enable the present invention to function.
FIG. 4 is a fragment, rather enlarged and in cut-away, of the right side of the apparatus of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a side view, identical to FIG. 3, except that a seal carrying element is in the opposite extreme of travel limit.
FIG. 6 is identical to FIG. 4 except that a seal carrying element is in the opposite extreme of travel limit.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 3.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is intended to convey the general principles involved in the disclosure and differs somewhat from FIGS. 2-4. The scales of FIGS. 2-4 permit a more exact description of the invention.
The top drive TD is well known in well drilling activity and its relationship to other drilling rig machinery is well known to those skilled in the related art.
All captions in FIG. 1, shown as “s” or “r” refer to things stationary or rotatable respectively.
FIG. 1 shows a Casing Running Tool (CRT) suspended from a top drive of a drilling rig (not shown) and supporting a pipe string P suspended in a well bore. The top drive TD drives pipe gripping extension E through the swivel assembly 1z and 2z. Stationary feeder tubes ST, a short length shown, normally extend from a control console on the rig floor to the swivel stationary part 1z. 
The CRT assembly of FIG. 1 travels vertically with the top drive TD and is designed to facilitate the entry of new sections of pipe into the pipe string P. The crosshead CH is suspended from the top drive and carries swing arms SA, one on each side, which pivot from the top and carry stand elevator SE which can move horizontally a limited amount to secure and align an incoming pipe section (not shown). Ideally, the swing arms SA are telescopic and assist in lifting a new section of pipe into the pipe gripping extension E.
Some fluid power supply lines never need to pass through the swivel and may exit 1z and pass to the cross head CH by line(s) FC. The swing arms SA may derive fluid power by way of the same lines FC. All fluid power conducting lines that serve features that rotate may be assumed to pass through the swivel.
FIG. 2 deals almost exclusively with the swivel and related fluid conducting details. Housing 1 contains arbor 2 which is mounted on extension E which, in turn is suspended from the rotating shaft of the top drive TD. Feeder block 1a is mounted to accept the stationary umbilical SU. Four feeder lines are shown but any number may be used. Closure 5 is secured to the top of housing 1, preferably by a peripheral distribution of cap screws. Ring nut 7 secures the swivel to the extension E. Connections 1b and 1c conduct fluid power to control the inner features that manipulate the seals, see FIG. 3. The fluid conducting lines FC may connect to the same flange at different peripheral locations. Jumper lines 2a connect fluid circuits from arbor 2 to the extension E, which may rotate.
FIG. 3, sectioned along the axis of rotation, shows the seal carrying piston 3, which rides in cylindrical opening 2a. The details of channels and seals are reserved for the larger scale of FIG. 4. The piston is movable axially by piston flange 3a in cylinder bore 1d in response to fluid pressure applied by ducts 1e and 1f. The piston 3 is shown in the lower position in which channels such as 1g are communicated to channels such as 2g and ports 2c. Ring 6 retains arbor 2 on the extension E. The seal carrying piston 3 is, in effect, a seal carrying shuttle that may be moved by a piston that is not part of the shuttle.
Extension E contains the features that grip pipe to support a section or string of pipe. Bore 2h is shaped to engage the outside of the extension E for axial and rotational security of the swivel.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragment of the right hand side of the assembly of FIG. 3. In the position shown, seals 3f slide on cylindrical surfaces 2k to seal the channels individually. Each channel is sealingly conducted from ports such as 1g to a peripheral groove such as 2j. Each channel is isolated by such as upper seal 3c and lower seal 3b. Each channel is conducted through the piston wall by holes such as 3e. Four such channels are shown.
FIG. 5 is identical to FIG. 3 but the piston 3 is moved axially to its upper travel limit. Seals 3f are now situated to ride over the peripheral grooves such as 2c without rubbing contact. Channels such as 1g are now closed by seals such as 3b and 3c. No fluid can enter the piston area from the console, usually on the rig floor. The seals 3f do not rub on mating seal surfaces during the lengthy run of the CRT.
FIG. 6 is identical to FIG. 4 but with the seals 3f out of contact with mating seal surfaces 2k. 
FIG. 7 shows housing 1, arbor 2, piston 3, all generally cylindrical, and feeder block 1a. A plurality of channels 3e assure a free flow of fluid through the piston wall.
These and other objects, advantages, and features of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of this specification, including the attached claims and appended drawings.
It will be understood that certain features and sub-combinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and sub-combinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the claims.
As many possible embodiments may be made of the apparatus of this invention without departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

## Claims

1. A Casing Running Tool (CRT) apparatus usable with a top drive, having a swivel assembly to conduct fluid power from a stationary control to rotating parts of the CRT. The apparatus comprising:
a) a casing running tool comprising swing arms, a single stand elevator, a pipe gripping assembly, and a fluid power conducting swivel situated on said CRT and arranged to said conduct fluid power between stationary and rotating fluid channels;
b) a seal carrier situated in said swivel arranged to move channel seals out of contact with their seal related rubbing surfaces when no fluid is being conducted by said swivel when said pipe gripping assembly is prepared for rotation; and
c) said channel seals mounted on a piston that is movable between first and second positions to move said seals into and out of contact with said seal related rubbing surfaces.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said piston carries seals arranged to block at least one said fluid channel when said piston is moved to said second position.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said fluid power conducting swivel is secured to and moves with said pipe gripping assembly.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said fluid power conducting swivel is arranged to provide fluid channels to receive fluid power from stationary lines and deliver said fluid power to non-rotating features of said CRT without passing through channels capable of rotating in said swivel.

5. A Casing Running Tool (CRT) apparatus usable with a top drive, having a swivel assembly arranged to conduct fluid power, along a plurality of individual channels, from a stationary control to rotating parts of the CRT. The apparatus comprising:
a) a casing running tool comprising swing arms, a single stand elevator, a pipe gripping assembly, and a fluid power conducting swivel situated on said CRT and arranged to said conduct fluid power between stationary and rotating fluid channels;
b) each said channel provided with seals to confine said fluid power within each said channel;
c) a seal carrier situated in said swivel, arranged to move seals related to said channels out of contact with their seal related rubbing surfaces when no fluid is being conducted by said swivel when said pipe gripping assembly is prepared for rotation; and
d) said channel seals mounted on an axially movable piston that moves, in response to selectively applied fluid pressure, between first and second positions to move said seals into and out of contact with said seal related rubbing surfaces.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said piston carries seals arranged to block at least one said fluid channel when said piston is moved to said second position.

7. The apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said fluid power conducting swivel is secured to and moves with said pipe gripping assembly.

8. The apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said fluid power conducting swivel is arranged to provide fluid channels to receive fluid power from stationary lines and deliver said fluid power to non-rotating features of said CRT without passing through channels capable of rotating in said swivel.

9. A Casing Running Tool (CRT) apparatus usable with a top drive, having a swivel assembly arranged to conduct fluid power, along a plurality of individual channels, from a stationary control to rotating parts of the CRT. The apparatus comprising:
a) a casing running tool comprising swing arms, a single stand elevator, a pipe gripping assembly, and a fluid power conducting swivel situated on said CRT and arranged to said conduct fluid power between stationary and rotating fluid channels;
b) each said channel provided with seals to confine said fluid power within each said channel, arranged to slide peripherally on a mating surface;
c) a seal carrier situated in said swivel, arranged to move seals related to said channels out of contact with said mating surface when said pipe gripping assembly is prepared for rotation; and
d) said channel seals mounted on an axially movable piston that moves, in response to selectively applied fluid pressure, between first and second positions to move said seals into and out of contact with said seal related rubbing surfaces.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said piston carries seals arranged to block at least one said fluid channel when said piston is moved to said second position.

11. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said fluid power conducting swivel is secured to and moves with said pipe gripping assembly.

12. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said fluid power conducting swivel is arranged to provide fluid channels to receive fluid power from stationary lines and deliver said fluid power to non-rotating features of said CRT without passing through channels capable of rotating in said swivel.