# Patent

## Title
Method for controlling a drivetrain of a vehicle

## Abstract

A method for controlling of a drive train of a vehicle having a multi-group transmission, an output mechanism and a control apparatus for the regulation of the drive train. The multi-group transmission consists of an automatic transmission and a range group. To change the ratio of the range group the drive train is relieved of load; a shifting element of the range group is closed; a shifting element of the range group is synchronized and opened; and a ratio of the automatic transmission is so altered that a change of the ratio of the multi-group transmission is less than in a case of an individual alteration of the ratio of the range group.

## Background
This application is a national stage completion of PCT/EP2003/009123 filed Aug. 18, 2003 which claims priority from German Application Serial No. 102 38 126.7 filed Aug. 21, 2002.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention concerns a procedure for the control of a drive train of a vehicle.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Drive trains of vehicles, especially of all-terrain vehicles, which possess at least one driving machine, one multi-group transmission and one output drive, have been known in the practice for a considerable time. The formation of a drive train with a multi-group transmission is undertaken when a multiplicity of gear stages with the fewest possible gear pairs is to be made available.
Multi-group transmissions, in general, incorporate a combination of a plurality of individual transmissions grouped in a series arrangement. The transmission groups can be designated as the so-called forward shifting groups (in order of power flow), a main transmission and a so-called after-shifting groups, which are known as range groups. If a main transmission of a multi-group transmission is constructed as an automatic transmission, then a greater degree of driving comfort is made available to a driver, in that a multitude of gear stages become available. Such an automatic transmission can be comprised of six gear stages for forward travel and one gear stage for reverse movement.
Range groups are characterized, when present as transmission groups of multi-group transmissions, in that an input speed of rotation to the range group is always in the “slow” stage, where a substantial increase in torque takes place simultaneously. Because of the high torque increase, range groups in a multi-group transmission are always placed to follow in a following position in regards to the main transmission, in order to avoid running the exceedingly high torque through the main transmission.
Constructively applicable formations of range groups in practice, include the use of either counter forward transmission groups or planetary gear transmissions, wherein the latter design offers a more compact alternative and has the advantage of lesser installation space.
A change of a ratio in a range group is executed by a shifting element, whereby shifting can be made between a first ratio “low” and a second ratio “high”. With this arrangement, and when in a first selected low gear of the range group and in combination with the main transmission, the driver has a choice of ratios available, which are an advantage for operation of a vehicle in a terrain characterized by steep climbs and wherein slow vehicle speeds are acceptable.
The second ratio “high” is less subject to losses, so that when traveling under normal condition of terrain and also at higher driving speeds, shifting into the second ratio “high” is to be preferred.
Experience in actual practice has indicated that where conventional procedures for control of a drive train are concerned, a disadvantage is present, i.e., a gear stage of a multi-group transmission demanded by an activated shifting program, is formed through a combination of a ratio of the main transmission and the ratio “low” of the range group, even though the demanded ratio of the multi-group transmission could also be achieved by a combination of the ratio “high” of the range group and a corresponding ratio of the main transmission; this being in order to avoid the transfer of a higher torque through the main transmission.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for the control of a drive train of a vehicle available by which a multi-group transmission can be driven at a high degree of efficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the case of the method according to the invention, wherein a currently activated shifting program is subject to being subordinated by an operational strategy, i.e., a shifting strategy, in an advantageous manner, there is automatically executed a change of the ratio of the range group and simultaneously in the automatic transmission a favorable counter-shift takes place so that a speed of rotation difference between the automatic transmission and the range group is minimized.
The shifting procedures of the multi-group transmission are thus, in an advantageous manner, carried out completely automatically via an appropriate control of the automatic transmission and of the range group, whereby the driver of a motor vehicle is freed of involvement.
Furthermore, it is of advantage that the selection of the ratio of the range group via the superimposed operational strategy is carried out in such a manner that “unacceptable” combinations cannot occur, i.e., combinations of the ratios of the multi-group transmission giving a poor degree of efficiency cannot be caused by combining one inappropriate ratio of the automatic transmission and one inappropriate ratio of the range group.
By the term “unacceptable” or “poor degree of efficiency” of the multi-group transmission combinations, which bring about undesirable efficiency, is to be understood any combination of the individual ratios of the automatic transmission and of the range group wherein very high input speeds of rotation are delivered to the range group. This is the case, for example, in the range group, if a ratio for the a highly increasing torque is generated while, at the same time in the automatic transmission, a small ratio must accordingly be applied to create a demanded ratio of the multi-group transmission from the shifting program in order to be able to achieve a higher level of vehicle speed. Such ratio combinations are, however, very conducive to losses and, on this account, are to be avoided.
First, in a case of a combination of a given low ratio of the automatic transmission with a high ratio of the range group, a very high speed of rotation may occur in the range group, which acts to reduce the degree of efficiency of the multi-group transmission. Second, to offset this, the ratio in the range group is altered in the direction of a smaller ratio for the attainment of a currently desired ratio of the multi-group transmission. At the same time, a higher ratio is automatically set to achieve the demanded ratio of the multi-group transmission in the automatic transmission.
When this is done, then the input speed of rotation of the range group is advantageously reduced and the range group goes into “high” operation, whereby the degree of efficiency of the multi-group transmission is substantially improved. This leads, in turn, to a reduced development of heat in the range group as well as to a reduction of the consumption of fuel for the vehicle, i.e., for the motor.
In an advantageous variation of the method, according to the invention, provision is made that in a ratio change of the range group, a synchronization of a closable shifting element of the range group by a controlling action on shifting elements of the automatic transmission is carried out. Thereby, the possibility exists to eliminate mechanical synchronization in the range group in an advantageous way, either for separate, individual components or integrated into the range group as a whole. Thus advantageous possibility is at hand to construct a range group having a lesser complexity of design than is the case in comparison to the multi-group transmissions as made by conventional practice. Furthermore, such a range group transmission permits a considerably smaller installation space.
In addition, the synchronization of the range group transmission, via a change of its ratio being brought about by the automatic transmission, offers the advantage that the shifting elements of the range group can be constructed as shape-fit shifting elements, preferably as dog clutches. Such shape-fit shifting elements can transfer high torques, a smaller installation space is required and thereby lesser manufacturing costs are incurred.
An additional, advantage is that by the omission of the mechanical synchronization in the range group, a reduction of mechanical synchronizations of the range group, brought about by traction torque occurs, whereby heat development in the range group is considerably reduced. In the case of mechanical synchronization, the traction torque arises essentially by liquid viscosity, which arises between the frictional layers of disk clutches or brakes, where the fluid is generally oil.
An additional essential advantage of the invented procedure is that by way of the synchronization of the range group by way of the automatic transmission, traction interruption time is considerably reduced from that commonly known in the conventional method of the present day practice. This is due to a change of input drive speed of rotation of the motor according with a need can be accomplished in a short time in a plain and simple manner via an appropriate control of shifting elements of the automatic transmission.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic presentation of a drive train with a motor, a starting element and a multi-group transmission consisting of an automatic transmission and range group;
FIG. 2 is a schematically presented selective lever for an automatic transmission with a shift-selector, which exhibits an off-road position;
FIG. 3 is a bar chart in which ratios of a multi-group transmission are presented in relation to the ratios of an automatic transmission and a range group;
FIG. 4 is a diagram wherein for individual gear stages of a multi-group transmission, in accord with FIG. 3, is respectively shown a curve of the velocity of a vehicle in relation to the motor speed of rotation;
FIG. 5 is several curves of torque vs time, which occur during a change of a ratio in the range group of the multi-group transmission in relation to components of the drive train as shown in FIG. 1,
FIG. 6 is a chart showing speed of rotation vs time curves, which correspond to the torque vs time curves appearing in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an additional embodiment example of an automatic transmission selection lever, which is combined with a shift-selector for the demand of a ratio of the range group;
FIG. 8 is a bar chart in which different gear stages of a multi-group transmission are presented; the stages are controlled by the automatic transmission selection lever and the selection means in accord with FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a diagram in which, for each individual gear stages of a multi-group transmission in accord with FIG. 8, a curve is presented of a vehicle velocity vs a speed of rotation of the motor;
FIG. 10 are several curves of torque vs time, which occur during a change of a ratio as shown in FIG. 9, in the range group of the multi-group transmission affecting components of the drive train in accord with FIG. 1; and
FIG. 11 are several curves of rotational speed vs time of components of the multi-group transmission, which correspond to the curves of torque vs time of FIG. 10.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows a schematic drive train 1 of a vehicle, preferably an all-terrain vehicle, which is not further described. The drive train 1 consists of a motor 2, a start-up element 3 and a multi-group transmission 4. The driving machine is designed as an internal combustion motor 2, the drive moment mmot of which is transmitted through an output drive shaft 5 onto which is connected the start-up element 3, which is preceded by a hydrodynamic torque converter 6. Additionally, the start-up element 3 is constructed with a controlled converter clutch 7 with which the hydrodynamic torque converter 6 can be bypassed.
The multi-group transmission 4 which, series-wise in direction of power flow, follows the start-up element 3 is assembled from an automatic transmission 8 and a subsequently connected range group 9, whereby the automatic transmission 8 represents the principal transmission of the multi-group transmission 4.
The presented transmission combination of the multi-group transmission 4 consists, as shown, of the load-switching automatic transmission 8 and a dog clutch connected gear string with reduction gear stages, which composes the range group 9 having automatic activation. This transmission combination is provided with an electronic control system, which is formed, first, from an automatic transmission control apparatus; second, from a range group regulator and, third, from a motor control device.
These three control devices, which are not explained in any greater detail here, are interconnected with one another and, accordingly, exchange the control signals of the drive train 1 among themselves. By way of a coordinated control of the automatic transmission 8 and the range group 9, the constantly meshed range group 9 becomes synchronized with the automatic transmission 8. The synchronization of the range group 9, i.e., the synchronization of that element of the range group 9 which is to be shifted, is carried out by an appropriate control of shifting elements A to E of the automatic transmission 8.
The automatic transmission 8 possesses a first planetary gear set 10, wherein an internal gear 11 of this first planetary gear set 10 is connected to the start-up element 3. More than one planetary gears roll between the internal gear 11 and a sun gear 12 of the first planetary gear set 10 and are rotationally guided on a planetary gear carrier 13. The planetary gear carrier 13 of the first planetary gear set 10 is connected to the shifting element A as well as to the shifting element B, whereby the shifting elements A and B are designed as frictional disk clutches.
The internal gear 11 of the first planetary gear set 10 is also connected to the frictional disk clutch-type shifting element E. By way of the shifting elements A, B and E, respectively, a connection can be created between the first planetary gear set 10 and a second planetary gear set 14, which planetary gear set 14 can be designed as a double planetary gear set, which essentially corresponds to a Ravigneaux-type planetary gear set.
The second planetary gear set 14 possesses a first sun gear 15 as well as a second sun gear 16 whereby, between the first sun gear 15 and a common internal gear 17, as well as between the second sun gear 16 and the common internal gear 17, respectively, a plurality of planetary gears roll, which said planetary gears are rotatably secured by a first planetary gear carrier 18 or a second planetary gear carrier 19 of the second planetary gear set 14.
The sun gear 12 of the first planetary gear set 10 is firmly secured by being affixed to a housing 20 of the automatic transmission 8. The second sun gear 16 of the second planetary gear set 14 is advantageously bound to the transmission housing 20 by shifting element C, which shifting element C is constructed as a friction disk brake. Moreover, the second planetary gear carrier 19 of the second planetary gear set 14 can be immovably affixed to the transmission housing 20 by shifting element D, which, again is constructed as a friction disk brake or can be directly connected to the transmission housing 20 as an alternate.
The common internal gear 17 of the second planetary gear set 14 is bound to a sun gear 21 of the range group 9 whereby, between the sun gear 21 and an internal gear 22 of the range group 9, a plurality of planetary gears roll, which have been rotationally secured upon a planetary gear carrier 23 of the range group 9, which is connected to the output drive.
For a presentation of a first ratio “low” of the range group 9, the internal gear 22 of the range group 9 can be connected in such a manner with a transmission housing 20A of the said range group 9, by a first shifting element 24, that the internal gear 22 is not rotatably connected with the transmission housing 20A of the range group 9. A second ratio stage “high” of the range group 9, located between the internal gear 22 and the planetary carrier 23, is then actuated when the first shifting element 24 is opened, i.e., released and a second shifting element 25 of the range group 9 is closed and the internal gear 22 binds with the planetary carrier 23.
By an automatic transmission selection lever 26, as shown in FIG. 2, the driver has several possibilities at his disposal. With this equipment, various positions “O”, “P”, “R”, “N” and “D” of the automatic transmission selection lever 26 are possible which, via a labeled notch scale, can be differentiated by the driver. In the “Position O” (i.e., “off-road”) and in the “Position D” (i.e., “drive”) of the automatic transmission selection lever 26, a driving direction, respectively “forward travel” of the vehicle can be selected. The position “P” (i.e., “park”) allows the vehicle to remain standing, whereby the output drive of the vehicle is blocked. The position “R” (i.e., “reverse”) permits shifting into backward motion and in the position “N” (i.e., “neutral”) the flow of power of the drive train 1 from the motor 2 to the output drive of the vehicle is interrupted in the area of the multi-group transmission 4.
The positions “O” and “D”, associated functions of the automatic transmission selection lever 26 for forward travel, differentiate themselves therein, in that by the chosen lever position “D” in the range group 9 the ratio “high” is established and, as shown in FIG. 3, makes ready for the driving operation of six gear stages, namely “III-H”, “IV”, “V”, “VI”, “VII” and “VIII” of the multi-group transmission 4 dependent upon the respective ratios “A1”, “A2”, “A3”, :A4”, “A5” or “A6” of the automatic transmission 8. The overall series of ratios of the multi-group transmission 4 then assumes the values lying in a range of 4.17 to 0.69.
An intershift between the individual gear stages “III-H”, “IV”, “V”, “VI”, “VII” and “VIII” of the multi-group transmission 4 is carried out by a change of the ratio of the automatic transmission 8 which, advantageously, is in accord with a preselected or with a specified shifting program which, for example, has been input into the control apparatus of the multi-group transmission 4 or the control of the automatic transmission 8.
Should a driver choose the position “O”, by way of the above discussed selection lever 26, then by means of the multi-group transmission 4, it is possible to make use of gear stages “I”, “II” and “III-L” besides the gear stages “III-H”, “IV”, “V”, “VI”, “VII” and “VIII” of the multi-group transmission 4. The gear stages “I”. “II”, and “III-L” then become available in the range group 9, if the ratio “low” is set and in the automatic transmission 8, respectively, a first ratio “A1”, a second ratio “A2” or a third ratio “A3” is shifted into. A ratio of the multi-group transmission 4 then will be found within a range of 11.3 to 0.69.
Furthermore, in the position “O” of the automatic transmission selection lever 26, because of an operational strategy, which strategy is superimposed on the respectively activated shifting program, at a particular operational point of the drive string, a change is automatically undertaken in the ratio of the range group 9 from the ratio stage “low” into the ratio stage “high”. Simultaneously, in the automatic transmission, a shift is made from the ratio “A3” to the ratio “A1”. The shifting procedures of the multi-group transmission 4 are carried out entirely by an appropriate control of the automatic transmission 8 and the range group 9, whereby the driver of a motorized vehicle is freed from this duty.
Continuing, the choice of the ratio “low” or “high” of the range group 9 is governed by the superimposed operational strategy in such a manner that inappropriate ratio combinations of the automatic transmission 8 and the range group 9 are prevented.
By “inappropriate” ratio combinations would be combinations of the individual ratios of the automatic transmission 8 and the range group 9, wherein very high input speeds of rotation of the range group 9 exist. This could be the case in the range group 9, if the ratio “low” is selected and, in the automatic transmission 8, the ratio “A5” must be actuated in order to comply with a ratio of the multi-group transmission 4 demanded by the shifting program.
Since, by a combination of a “small” ratio of the automatic transmission 8 with the ratio “low” of the range group 9, a very high input speed of rotation can occur in the range group, which would impair the efficiency of the multi-group transmission 4 in order to obtain a respectively demanded ratio of the multi-group transmission 4, the ratio in the range group 0 is altered from “low” to “high” and in the automatic transmission, automatically a “larger” ratio for the establishment of the required ratio of the multi-group transmission 4 is shifted into. Under these circumstances, the input speed of rotation of the range group 9 is reduced and the range group 9 is operated in the “high” status, whereby the efficiency of the multi-group transmission 4 is clearly improved. This leads, in turn, to a reduced generation of heat in the range group 9 as well as to a reduction of fuel consumption of the motor 2 of the vehicle.
In order to carry out a shifting operation, i.e., a changing of the ratio of the range group 9, which would be accompanied with the least possible interruption of traction, the change is to be undertaken during a closely defined operating condition of the multi-group transmission 4 of the drive train 1.
FIG. 3 shows a bar diagram, whereby the height of each respective bar corresponds to a respective quantitative value of the ratio of the multi-group transmission 4. The ratio of the multi-group transmission 4 arises, respectively, from the combination of the ratio of the automatic transmission 8 and the ratio of the range group 9 and represents, again respectively, one of the different gear stages, namely “I”, “II”, “III-L”, “III-H”, “IV”, “V”, “VI”, “VII” and “VIII” of the multi-group transmission 4.
In this matter, it is significant that the ratio of the gear stages “III-L” and “III-H” of the multi-group transmission 4, via an appropriate staging of the automatic transmission 8 and the range group 9 are essentially the same. The two gear stages “III-L” and “III-H” of the multi-group transmission 4 are similar to all other gear stages of the multi-group transmission 4, because of a defined combination of the ratios of the automatic transmission 8 and the range group 9. In this case, the gear stage “III-L” is established in the multi-group transmission 4 then in the automatic transmission 8, the ratio “A3” is set, further, simultaneously in the range group 9 the ratio “low” is shifted into. Different thereto, in a case wherein the gear stage “III-H” of the multi-group transmission 4 is actuated, then in the automatic transmission 8, “A1” is selected and, in the range group 9, the ratio “high” is shifted into.
In the chosen position “O” of the automatic transmission selection lever 26, upon the presence of a certain operational condition, shifting is made in the range group 9 from “low” to “high” or in the opposite direction. This operational condition is characterized in FIG. 4 by a circuit 30.
Because of the fact that the ratio of the multi-group transmission 4 in the gear stages “III-L” and “III-H” are essentially equal, consequently, the curves of the same, wherein respectively vehicle speed vfzg, is plotted in FIG. 4 as ordinate and speed of rotation nmot of the motor 2 as abscissa, are practically identical. More closely defined, a speed of rotation nmot of the motor 2 of the gear stage “III-L” corresponds at a certain vehicle travel velocity vfzg approximately to the speed of rotation nmot of the motor 2 of the gear stage “III-H”, the reverse being also true, of course.
In this condition of the operation of the drive train 1, if the ratio in the range group 9 changes from “low” to “high”, then the actual change of ratio can be executed in a very short time of interruption of the traction, since the speed of rotation nmot of the motor 2 during the change of the ratio in the range group 9 remains practically the same and only internal rotational inertias of the multi-group transmission 4 need be mutually synchronized.
FIG. 4 might be entitled a “Rotary Speed vs Vehicle Speed Diagram” wherein the presented practically straight line curves respectively show the vehicle speed vfzg against the speed of rotation nmot of the motor 2 at the various ratios of the multi-group transmission 4. The ratios of the multi-group transmission 4 are derived from the combination of the ratio of the automatic transmission 8 and the ratio of the range group 9 which generates two ratio stages.
The individual curves are respectively designated by the letters “A” and one of the numbers “1” to “6”, which are given together in the ratios set in the automatic transmission 8. Moreover, the letter following the number, namely “H” or “L”, whereby the letter “L” represents the ratio “low” and the letter “H” stands for the ratio “high” of the range group 9.
In this way, the designation “A2H” makes it obvious that the designated curve of the vehicle speed vfzg is set at a ratio of the multi-group transmission 4, which corresponds to the combination of the second ratio “A2” of the automatic transmission 8, and the ratio “high” of the range group 9 and the ratio gear stage “IV” of the multi-group transmission 4.
From the “Rotary Speed vs Vehicle Speed Diagram” of FIG. 4 can be inferred that the curves of the vehicle travel speed vfzg against the rotational speed nmot of the motor 2 are nearly identical when, in the automatic transmission 8 the ratio “A3” is set and simultaneously in the range group 9 the ratio stage “low” is shifted into or if, in the automatic transmission 8, the ratio “A1” is shifted into and, in the range group 9, simultaneously, the ratio “high” is set.
With this information, it becomes clear that in connection with the presentation in FIG. 3, that the change of the ratio stage in the range group 9 from “low” to “high” or from “high” to “low” is particularly of advantage, simultaneously in the automatic transmission, if the ratio of “A3” is shifted into the ratio “A1” (or vice versa). The ratio of the multi-group transmission 4 remains, in such a case, essentially the same, on which account, a combining speed of rotation of the motor 2 compared to the desired speed of rotation of the multi-group transmission 4, with which the range group 9 is synchronized, is essentially the same as the speed of rotation of the motor 2 compared to the ratio which is actuated in the multi-group transmission 4.
This means that upon a shifting of the ratio of the range group 9, a matching of the speed of rotation of the motor 2 is held up and a synchronization of the closable shifting element of the range group 9 as well as the closable shifting element of the automatic transmission 8 which, likewise, is carried out independently of the speed of rotation of the motor 2. This can be done in a very short time, namely from 0.1 to 0.2 seconds or better to 0.15 seconds.
This provides a substantial shortening of the interruption time of loss of traction, especially when compared to conventional shifting strategies common in current practice. The conventional shifting can have a duration of principally half a second up to one second, which is a substantial interruption of traction.
The curves “A5L” and “A2H” of the “Rotary Speed vs Vehicle Speed Diagram” of FIG. 4, likewise, show that they are nearly identical. The ratio combination from the ratio “A5” of the automatic transmission 8 and the ratio “low” of the range group 9 for the formation of the ratio of the multi-group transmission 4, however, would not be selected, because of the negative effects brought about by the superimposed operational strategy, which was input into the control system and into the respectively actuated shifting program.
Obviously, it lies within the judgment of the expert to specially execute a change in the ratio in the range group 9 to meet requirements of an existing application so that the change between the ratio stage “low” and the ratio stage “high” of the range group 9, when the automatic transmission 8, the ratio “A5” or the ratio “A2” has already been engaged and, corresponding to the ratio change in the range group 9 in the automatic transmission 8, a reverse shifting has taken place from the ratio “A2” toward the ratio “A5” (or vice versa).
In FIG. 5 is presented a plurality of torque curves within a shifting time t during a change of the ratio of the range group 9 from “low” to “high”. In this diagram, a curve m24 represents the curve of the torque applied to the first shifting element 24 of the range group 9, which occurs during the shifting in the range group 9. A curve m25 shows the torque applied to the second shifting element 25 of the range group 9 during the change of the ratio of the range group 9 from the ratio stage “low” to the ratio stage “high”.
Corresponding thereto is a curve mmot-e of the motor 2, which sends a signal to the control apparatus and is designated as a so-called e-gas-moment. The e-gas-moment mmot-e is that driving moment of the motor which, during the shifting, is applied to the multi-group transmission 4 on its motor-side and which is actuated by the control apparatus. Additionally, a curve mmot-f is shown, which depicts the curve of a drive moment of the motor 2 instigated by the driver and which, during the ratio change in the range group 9, however, was not given consideration.
If a signal is given, because of a superimposed operational strategy input into the control apparatus, to the end that for the relief of the drive train in the range group 9, a shifting should be made therein from the ratio stage “low” into the ratio stage “high”, then the drive moment of the motor 2 in accord with the curve mmot-e of the e-gas-moment for the relief of the drive train 1, should be retained until the first dog clutch shifting element 24, corresponding to the curve m24, is completely relieved of load.
Subsequently, the e-gas-moment mmot-e, which is held constant until the complete relief of the first shifting element 24 is changed in the direction of a positive value. After this, then the e-gas-moment mmot-e is, to a certain extent, controlled up to the final through-shift of the second element which is, likewise, designed as a second shifting 25 in the range group 9. By this action, a synchronization of the second shifting element 25 is made possible.
From a defined point of time Tds, i.e., the elapsed time of shifting of the second shifting element 25, the torque increases, as shown by the curve m25, which rises the torque of the second shifting element 25 practically vertical, whereby the flow of power between the motor 2 and the output shaft of the motor vehicle is restored. Simultaneously, a match is made between the e-gas-moment mmot-e and the driver moment mmot-f, whereby the procedure of the shifting, i.e., the change of the ratio in the range group, is completed.
The diagram of FIG. 6 shows a plurality of speed of rotation curves of different components of the drive train 1, in accord with FIG. 1, in their state during shiftings in the range group 9 and in the automatic transmission 8, exhibiting the synchronizing of the range group 9 by way of the automatic transmission 8, i.e., the synchronization of the shifting elements thereof, namely A to E. In these curves, the speed of rotation n is plotted as ordinate over shifting time t as abscissa.
The various curves of speed of rotation of the individual components of the drive train 1 are respectively designated by the letters n and the reference numbers of the components of the drive train 1 are as shown in FIG. 1. Thus, for example, the curve n13 presents the curve of speed of rotation of the planetary carrier 13 of the first planetary gear set 10.
At the instant T0, at which the shifting phase for the change of the ratio of the range group 9 begins, the e-gas-moment mmot-e is changed, as may be seen in the curve presented in FIG. 5. This measure, which was introduced by the control apparatus has, at first, no effect on the rotational speed curves of FIG. 6, namely, curves n13, n15, n16, n17, n18, n19, n22, n23 and the curve of the motor 2 drive nmot. With increasing shifting time t, the torque m24 of the first shifting element 24 of the range group 9 is reduced to zero and the first shifting element 24 of the range group 9 is opened.
This means that the internal gear 22 of the range group 9 is released from its fixation on the transmission housing 20A of the range group 9 and now becomes capable of rotation. From this point of time, the rotational speed n22 of the internal gear 22 of the range group 9 gradually increases in the direction of the rotational speed n23 of the planetary carrier 23 of the range group 9.
From a point in time T3, transfer capabilities for closing or opening, which belong to the automatic transmission 8, are so established that reductions were made in the speed of rotation n16 of the second sun gear 16 of the second planetary gear set 14; the speed of rotation n17 of the common internal gear 17 of the second planetary gear set 14; the speed of rotation n18 of the first planetary carrier 18 of the second planetary gear set 14, and the speed of rotation n19 of the second planetary carrier 19 of the second planetary gear set 14. The speed of rotation n13 of the planetary carrier 13 of the first planetary gear set 10; the speed of rotation n15 of the first sun gear 15 of the second planetary gear set 14 and the driving speed of rotation nmot the motor 2 remain essentially unchanged.
The establishment of the capability of transfer of the shifting elements of the automatic transmission 8 allows, in combination with the signaling of the e-gas-moment mmot-e, a matching of the speed of rotation n22 of the internal gear 22 of the range group 9 to the speed of rotation n23, until the speeds of rotation n22 and n23 are identical. At this moment, the second shifting element 25 of the range group 9 is synchronized and can be released or closed. This instant of time is more exactly characterized in FIG. 6 by the term T2.
At the point in time marked by Tds, a position sensor detects the release of the second shifting element 25 of the range group 9 and the e-gas-moment mmot-e is compared to the driver moment mmotf.
Respectively, FIGS. 7 to 11 essentially represent the presentations of FIGS. 2 to 6. With the aid of FIGS. 7 to 11 in the following, the behavior of individual operational parameters of the drive train 1, as seen in FIG. 1, during the change of the ratios of the automatic transmission 8 and the range group 9, is described, whereby a control of the drive train 1 corresponding to one embodiment of the invented procedure is made, which is an alternative to the procedure as is carried out in relation to FIGS. 2 to 6. For the sake of clarity in the description covering FIGS. 7 to 11, the same reference numbers are used for construction and functionally alike components as were so used in the description covering FIG. 1 to FIG. 6.
FIG. 7 shows an automatic transmission selection lever 26 with the lever positions marked “D”, “N”, “R” and “P”. With the automatic transmission selection lever 26 is also a shift-selector 27 with combined choices of either “low” or “high”, by driver-side key-selection from the range group 9. The shift-selector 27 is so connected with the control apparatus of the drive train 1 that in a driver selection of the shift-selector 27, the respectively demanded ratio stage “low” or “high” shifts into the range group 9.
Dependent upon the respective ratio established in the range group 9, the individual gear stages “I”, “II”, “III”, “IV”, “V” and “VI” of the multigroup transmission 4 possess those ratios which are set forth in a bar diagram in FIG. 8. The total height of one bar respectively represents a ratio of the individual gear stages “I”, “II”, “III”, “IV”, “V”, and “VI” of the multi-group transmission 4, if the selection “low” has been activated for the range group 9. The individual gear stages “I”, “II”, “III”, “IV”, “V” and “VI” of the multi-group transmission 4 are respectively actuated by a corresponding change of the ratios of the automatic transmission, whereby the respective ratio of the gear stages “I”, “II”, “II”, “IV”, “V” and “VI” of the multigroup transmission 4 depends upon the ratio actuated in the range group 9.
In the range group 9, if the ratio stage “low” is in use then those ratios are made available for the individual gear stage “I”, “II”, “III”, “IV”, “V” and “VI” of the multi-group transmission 4, which are indicated by the cross hatched bars of FIG. 8. This means that the multi-group transmission 4 in the ratio stage “low” of the range group 9 possesses six gears, the ratio values which run between 11.3 and 1.87. In the range group 9, if the ratio “high” has been selected then the multi-group transmission 4, likewise, exhibits six gears, the ratio values which lie between 4.17 and 0.69.
FIG. 9 shows a speed of rotation vs vehicle speed graph which, in principal, corresponds to the diagram shown in FIG. 4. Further, in FIG. 10, several torque vs time curves are shown to which curves various components of the drive train 1 can be subjected during a change of the ratio in the range group 9 from the ratio stage “low” to the ratio stage “high”. Additionally in the FIG. 11 a plurality of rotational curves of individual components of the drive train 1 are shown in accord with FIG. 1, during the ratio change in the range group 9 plotted against the shifting time t.
With the aid of the diagrams presented in FIGS. 9 to 11, in the following a procedure for the control of the drive train 1 is described wherein a change of the ratio of the range group 9 from the ratio stage “low” to the ratio stage “high”, due to optional vehicle speed, can be carried out with very short traction loss interruptions.
As can be seen in FIG. 9, at a particular point in time, namely in this case at time point T0, the driver of the vehicle chooses the ratio stage “high” in the range group 9 on the shift-selector 27, wherein the ratio stage “low” has been in use up to this time. If the driver should have chosen the ratio stage “low”, if this has already been closed in the range group 9, then the driver's desired demand would be ignored in the control apparatus of the drive train 1.
Upon the input of the driver's demand into the control apparatus of the drive train 1, the control apparatus reduces the drive moment of the motor 2, which is reflected in the curve of the e-gas-moment mmot-e as seen graphically in FIG. 10.
The drive train 1 is relieved of load via the reduction of the drive moment of the motor 2 whereby, simultaneously, the torque m24, with which the first shifting element 24 of the range group 9 is subjected, drops to zero. If the first shifting element 24 is full relieved of load, then the first shifting element 24 is released, by way of which the neutral condition is established in the range group 9. The first shifting element 24, which is constructed as a dog clutch, is made to open by way of an electric motor in the range group 9. The open condition of the first shifting element is determined by way of a position sensor, which is not further described here. A signal of the positioning sensor is processed by the control apparatus and shifting elements of the automatic transmission 8, which are to be closed, and which the elements co-act in the automatic transmission 8 in counter shifting which corresponds to shifting in the range group 9, and the elements are directed by the control apparatus.
The advantages of the method whereby, with a change of the ratio of the range group 9, a corresponding counter shifting takes place in the automatic transmission 8 and does this without a change in the velocity vfzg of the vehicle, are clarified in FIG. 8 by arrows 28, 29. At a change of the ratio of the range group 9 from “low” to “high” when then automatic transmission 8 is in the shifting mode “A6”, if a counter shift in the automatic transmission 8 into the ratio “A3” occurs then a merging speed of rotation of the motor 2 of the new gear of the multi-group transmission 4 deviates considerably less from the speed of rotation nmot of the motor 2 at the ratio “A6L” of the multigroup transmission 4, than would be the case if this were done without counter shifting in the automatic transmission 8.
The merging speed of rotation nmot the motor 2, which would be shifted into without a corresponding counter shift in the automatic transmission 8, is indicated by the additional arrow 29 in FIG. 8. This large cross-over of speed of rotation is disadvantageous for the comfort of driving, since a compensating time, while the speed of rotation of the motor 2 to the new speed, i.e., a connecting speed of rotation is achieved, is much longer than is the case with lesser speed of rotation differences. The disadvantage arises during compensation time from the fact that the drive train 1 is relieved of duty and the shifting causes a break in the delivery of tractive force which, under certain circumstances, causes a continuation of existing travel upward on a steep incline to be impossible.
After the removal of load from the drive train 1 and correspondingly, also from the first shifting element 24 of the range group 9, the torque of the motor 2, i.e., e-gas-moment mmot-e, is held constant and in a subsequent control phase, is adjusted in such a manner as shown in FIG. 10 that, in accord with the torque mmot of the motor 2 as well as with the speed of rotation of the same, namely nmot, and also the number of revolutions nmot the motor 2, a synchronization is made of the second shifting element 25 of the range group 9. This allows a new ratio to be set in the closable shifting element of the automatic transmission 8.
Torque curves (vs time) are shown in FIG. 10, corresponding to speed of rotation curves (vs time) for the individual components of the drive train 1 are shown in FIG. 11. At a point of time T0, at which a driver's demand for a change in a ratio in the range group 9 is made, namely, a change from the ratio “low” to the ratio “high”, which the driver actuates by the selector-switch 27, in accord with the demand, the shifting begins in the multi-group transmission 4 which calls for a change of the speed of rotation, i.e., a change of the curves of the individual speeds of rotation of those elements which are to co-act in the shifting of the drive train 1.
In order to bring about a change from the motor 2 speed of rotation nmot in the least possible time from the speed of rotation of the gears at the instant T0 for the multi-group transmission 4, as originally set by the driver, to the synchronized connective speed of rotation of the gear of the multi-group transmission 4 now selected, a capability of transfer of the engaged and disengaged shifting elements of the automatic transmission 8 is enacted in such a manner that the motor 2 assumes the speed of rotation nmot, as is seen in the curve presented in FIG. 11.
At the point in time T1, the speed of rotation nmot of the motor 2 attains the connective rotational speed nmot-a, which previously was computed in the control apparatus in accord with the “new” ratio of the multi-group transmission 4 and the actual vehicle travel speed, namely vfzg. By means of this, the vehicle travel speed vfzg, is determined via ABS sensors (not further described) available in the vehicle or by other appropriate apparatuses contained in the vehicle.
The motor 2 speed of rotation nmot be brought essentially more quickly to the connection rotational speed nmot-a with the preselected procedure than this can be accomplished with a sole adjustment of the e-gas-moment. In this way, the motor 2, in the present case, is advantageously braked by an increase of the transfer capability of the closable shifting elements of the automatic transmission 8. The closable shifting elements of the automatic transmission 8 are operating in a so-called “slip-phase” and brake the motor 2 at the corresponding connection speed of rotation of the motor 2 in the shortest possible time. The control of the shifting elements, which are to be shifted, of the automatic transmission 8, is carried out in such a manner that by a controlled mutual frictional contacting of the shifting elements, a transfer capability of the required value is made available.
At the instant T2, the closable shifting elements of the automatic transmission 8 and the second shifting element 25 of the range group 9 are synchronous, so that the closable shifting elements of the automatic transmission 8, as well as the second shifting element 25, can be closed and the flow of force from the motor 2 to the output of the vehicle is re-established. At the same time, the automatic transmission 8 openable shifting elements are, indeed, opened and thus taken out of the flow of force of the drive train 1.
By means of an additional position sensor, the through shifting of the second shifting element 25, which is constructed as a dog clutch, is recognized and the drive moment of the motor 2, i.e., the e-gas-moment mmot-e, is matched to the demanded drive moment mmot-f so that travel continues on with corresponding drive speed of rotation and torque of the motor 2.
The above described synchronization of the shifting elements of the automatic transmission 8 and the range group 9, which take part in the shifting of the multi-group transmission 4, form the basis of the speed of rotation curves shown in FIG. 11, namely n13, n15, n16, n17, n18, n22, and n23. The point of time T0 marks the beginning of the shifting phase in the multi-group transmission 4. In this application, contrary to the description accompanying FIG. 6, the shifting is not an automated shifting, but is executed in accord with a demand at the driver's option. With the generation of the driver's optional demand for the shifting into the ratio “low” in the range group 9, a capability of transfer of the shifting element of the automatic transmission 8 is so adjusted that the speeds of rotation n13, n15, n18, n19, and the motor speed of rotation nmot are all reduced. The speed of rotation n23 of the planetary gear carrier 23 of the range group remains essentially unchanged in this operation.
The reduction shown in FIG. 10 of the motor torque nmot by the reduction of the e-gas-moment mmot-e leads to a load relief of the first shifting element 24 of the range group 9, so that this can be opened quickly after the point in time T0, and the speed of rotation n22 of the internal gear 22 of the range group 9 becomes greater with slowly increasing shifting time t while approaching the speed of rotation n23 of the planetary gear carrier 23 of the range group 9.
From the point in time designated as T1 at which point the speed of rotation nmot of the motor 2 has already reached the connectingly matched speed of rotation nmot-a, the transfer capability of the shifting element of the automatic transmission 8 is so adjusted that the speeds of rotation n15, n17, n18, n19 are further reduced and the speed of rotation n16 of the second sun gear 16 of the second planetary gear set 14 increases to approach the speed of rotation n23 of the planetary carrier 23 of the range group 9.
At this point in time T2, the speeds of rotation n15, n16, n17, n18, n19 and n22 are equal to the speeds of rotation n13 and n23, so that the closable shifting elements of the automatic transmission 8 as well as the second shifting element 25 of the range group 9 are synchronized and can be closed. At the point in time Tds, the through shifting of the second shifting element 25 of the range group 9 is determined by a position sensor and the procedure of the shifting of the multi-group transmission 4 is concluded.
The two above described embodiment examples indicate the advantageous situation that mechanical synchronization in the range group 9 can be eliminated, whereby a reduction of traction-moment and an accompanying reduction of fuel consumption would take place. Additionally, a result of the no longer necessary mechanical synchronization, savings in weight, engine space and cost advantages become available with the invented dog-clutch equipped range group.
Moreover, with the invented method, considerable shortening of the elapsed time of interruptions in traction can be gained during the changes of the ratios in the range group 9 as compared to such time-saving with conventional methods. In the embodiment example as shown in the FIGS. 2 to 5, the change of the ratio in the range group 9 is automatic and the driver is thus relieved of this duty.
With the carrying out of the invented method in accord with FIGS. 6 to 10, a change of the ratio in the range group with the generation of an optional demand by the driver for the changing of the ratio in the range group at any travel speed of the vehicle can be executed with minimal traction interruption time, whereby simultaneously in accord with the gear change in the multi-group transmission, a matching motor rotational speed to the new ratio of the multi-group transmission is possible, whereby driving comfort and safety, especially upon steep inclines, are substantially improved.
REFERENCE NUMERALS


    1 Drive train
    2 Driving machine, i.e. “motor”
    3 Start-up element
    4 Multi-group transmission
    5 Output drive shaft
    6 Hydrodynamic torque converter
    7 Controlled converter coupling
    8 Automatic transmission
    9 Range group
    10 First planetary gear set
    11 Internal gear of the first planetary gear set
    12 Sun gear of the first planetary gear set
    13 Planetary gear carrier of the first planetary gear set
    14 Second planetary gear set
    15 First sun gear of the second planetary gear set
    16 Second sun gear of the second planetary gear set
    17 Common internal gear of the second planetary gear set
    18 First planetary gear carrier of the second planetary gear set
    19 Second planetary gear carrier of the second planetary gear set
    20 Transmission housing
    20A Transmission housing of the range group
    21 Sun gear of the range group
    22 Internal gear of the range group
    23 Planetary gear carrier of the range group
    24 First shifting element of the range group
    25 Second shifting element of the range group
    26 Selection lever for the automatic transmission
    27 Shift-selector
    28 Arrow
    29 Arrow
    30 Circuit
    A-E Shifting elements of the automatic transmission
    “D” Drive, forward direction
    “A1”-“A6” Ratio of the automatic transmission
    H Ratio “high” of the range group
    L Ratio “low” of the range group
    m Moment
    mmot-e e-gas-moment
    mmot-f Driver moment
    m24 Curve of the torque of the first shifting element of the range group
    m25 Curve of the torque of the second shifting element of the range group
    n Speed of rotation
    “N” Neutral
    nmot Torque of the motor
    nmot-a Connecting speed of rotation (matched speed of rotations)
    “O” Off road, forward travel
    “P” Parking
    “R” Reverse
    “t” Shifting time
    “T” A point in time, a particular instant
    Tds Point of through-shifting
    vfzg Vehicle travel speed
    I-III Ratio of the multi-group transmission
    III-L Ratio of the multi-group transmission (low)
    III-H Ratio of the multi-group transmission (high)
    IV-VIII Ratio of the multi-group transmission

## Claims

1. A method for controlling a drive train (1) of a vehicle, especially an all-terrain vehicle having a prime mover (2), a multi-group transmission (4), an output means and a control apparatus for the regulation of the drive train (1), the multi-group transmission (4) comprising an automatic transmission (8) and a range group (9) connected downstream to the automatic transmission (8) in a direction of power flow, the method comprising the steps of:
changing a ratio of the range group (9) by
closing a first shifting elements (24, 25) of the range group (9);
synchronizing and opening a second shifting element (24, 25) of the range group (9); and

automatically selecting a combination of a ratio of the automatic transmission (8) that with the changed ratio of the range group (9) will achieve a predetermined ratio for the multi-group transmission (4) for all gear stages by means of a superimposed operational strategy; wherein
the ratio of the automatic transmission (8) is selected according to the superimposed operational strategy so that in combination with the ratio of the range group (9) a change in output rotational speed of the multi-group transmission is minimized for the predetermined ratio of the multi-group transmission, and wherein

synchronization of the shifting elements (24, 25) of the range group is performed by synchronization of shifting elements (A-E) of the automatic transmission, and
fulfilling a demand of a driver (mmot-f) for alteration of the torque (mmot) of the motor (2) during the change of the ratio of the range group (9) upon the conclusion any ratio change via a control apparatus.

2. A method for controlling a drive train (1) of an all-terrain vehicle having a motor (2), a multi-group transmission (4), an output means and a control apparatus, the multi-group transmission (4) comprising an automatic transmission (8) and a range group (9), the range group being connectedly situated after the automatic transmission (8) in a direction of power flow, the method for controlling the drive train (1) comprising the steps of:
selecting a desired multi-group transmission (4) ratio,
automatically selecting, by means of a superimposed operational strategy, a combination of a ratio of the automatic transmission (8) and a ratio of the range group (9) for achieving a selected ratio of the multi-group transmission (4) for all gear stages; wherein
the ratio of the automatic transmission (8) is selected according to the superimposed operational strategy so that in combination with the ratio of the range group (9) a change in output rotational speed of the multi-group transmission is minimized for the predetermined ratio of the multi-group transmission, wherein

the ratio of the multi-group transmission (4) is effected by means of one of a combination of the ratio of the automatic transmission (8) and a ratio “low” of the range group (9) or by a combination of a ratio “high” of the range group (9) and a corresponding ratio of the automatic transmission without substantially effecting the speed of rotation (mmot) of the motor (2), including
synchronizing opening and closing of shifting elements (24, 25) of the range group (9) by and concurrently with synchronization of a shifting of shifting elements (A-E) of the automatic transmission.

3. The method for controlling a drive train (1) of an all-terrain vehicle as set forth in claim 2, the method further comprising the step of shifting the range group (9) between a high and low gear ratio when the multi-group transmission (4) attains one of the substantially equal first and second transmission ratio.

4. The method for controlling a drive train (1) of an all-terrain vehicle as set forth in claim 3, the method further comprising the step of shifting any necessary shifting elements of the range group (9) and the automatic transmission (8) independently of the speed of rotation (nmot) of the motor (2) during the step of shifting the range group (9) between the high and low gear ratio.

5. The method for controlling a drive train (1) of an all-terrain vehicle as set forth in claim 2, the method further comprising the step of maintaining a substantially constant speed of rotation (nmot) of the motor (2) during a shift of the range group (9) between a high and low gear ratio.

6. A method for controlling a drive train (1) of an all-terrain vehicle having a motor (2) connected via an output shaft (5) and a start up clutch to multi-group transmission (4) comprising an automatic transmission (8) and a range group (9) connected downstream from the automatic transmission (8) in a direction of power flow, the method for controlling the drive train (1) comprising the steps of:
providing a first range of transmission ratios defining a first shifting strategy for the multi-group transmission (8) and providing a second range of transmission ratios defining a second shifting strategy for the multi-group transmission (4);
forming each of the first and second range of transmission ratios according to a combination of a range group ratio in the range group (9) and an automatic transmission ratio in the automatic transmission (8); and
establishing a first transmission ratio in the first range of transmission ratios which is substantially equal to a second transmission ratio in the second range of transmission ratios, wherein
an automatic transmission ratio in the automatic transmission is automatically selected for a given range group ratio according to the superimposed operational strategy so that a combination of a ratio of the automatic transmission and a ratio of the range group achieve a desired ratio of the multi-group transmission for all gear stages and wherein
the automatic transmission ratio is selected so that in combination with the range group ratio a change in output rotational speed of the multi-group transmission is minimized for the desired ratio of the multi-group transmission, and

actuation of shifting elements of the range group are synchronized with and by synchronization of concurrent actuation of shifting elements of the automatic transmission.

7. A method for shifting a range group (9) of a multi-group transmission (4) from a current range group (9) ratio to a new range group (9) ratio wherein the multi-group transmission (4) includes an automatic transmission (8), the range group (9) connected downstream to the automatic transmission (8) in a direction of power flow, and a control apparatus for the regulation of the multi-group transmission (4), comprising the steps of:
selecting a new multi-group transmission (4) ratio,
automatically selecting a new automatic transmission (8) ratio and a new range group (9) ratio according to a superimposed operational strategy so that a combination of the new automatic transmission (8) ratio and the new range group (9) ratio provide the new multi-group transmission (4) ratio, wherein
the range group (9) ratio and the automatic transmission (8) ratio are automatically selected according to the superimposed operational strategy so that a change in the multi-group transmission (4) ratio is minimized, and

automatically shifting the automatic transmission (8) to the selected automatic transmission (8) ratio, and
concurrently automatically shifting the range group (9) to the selected range group (9) ratio, wherein
a synchronization of shifting elements (24, 25) of the range group (9) is achieved by synchronization of shifting elements (A-E) of the automatic transmission (8), and wherein

the shifting of the automatic transmission (8) and the range group (9) to the new automatic transmission (8) and range group (9) ratios is independent of an input torque into the automatic transmission.

8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the steps of changing the ratio of the range group (9) and altering the ratio of the automatic transmission (8) at an operational point of the drive train (1) wherein a change of ratio of the multi-group transmission (4) does not take place.

9. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of demanding one of a narrow ratio-range and a wide ratio-range of the multi-group transmission (4) and creating the wide ratio-range according to a change in the ratio of the range group (9).

10. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of demanding one of a narrow ratio-range and a wide ratio-range from the multi-group transmission (4) to be carried out by a change of the ratio of the automatic transmission (8).

11. The method according to claim 7, wherein a speed of rotation (nmot) of the motor (2) remains essentially unaffected, when the ratio of the range group (9) is changed.

12. The method according to claim 7 wherein, further comprising the step of executing a driver demand (mmot-f) for a change of motor torque (mmot) following the change of the ratio of the range group (9).

13. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of synchronizing the range group (9) during a change in a ratio of the range group (9) by actuation of a shifting element of the automatic transmission (8).

14. The method for shifting a range group (9) of a multi-group transmission (4) of claim 7, wherein:
according to the superimposed operational strategy,
the new automatic transmission (8) ratio is selected to minimize a torque level transferred through the automatic transmission (8) and to minimize a rotational speed difference across the range group (8).

15. The method for shifting a range group (9) of a multi-group transmission (4) of claim 7, further comprising the step of:
maintaining a current rotational input speed to the automatic transmission (8) at a current value until the shifting of the automatic transmission (8) and the range group (9) to the new automatic transmission (8) and range group (9) ratios is completed.

16. The method for shifting a range group (9) of a multi-group transmission (4) of claim 7, further comprising the step of:
reducing a current rotational input input torque to the automatic transmission (8) from a current value until the shifting of the automatic transmission (8) and the range group (9) to the new automatic transmission (8) and range group (9) ratios is completed.

17. The method for shifting a range group (9) of a multi-group transmission (4) of claim 7, wherein:
the shifting of the automatic transmission (8) and the range group (9) to the new automatic transmission (8) and range group (9) ratios is completed in less than 0.2 seconds.