# Patent

## Title
Apparatus and method for simultaneous usage of multiple die casting tools

## Abstract

A die casting apparatus and method evidencing increased apparatus output including the ability of using multiple die tools. The apparatus includes an indexing assembly removably engaged with at least one die block assembly for transporting between four stations, including an injection station, a cooling station, an ejection station, and a recovery station. The injection station includes a frame, a clamp assembly attached to the frame for clamping and releasing the die block assembly, a shot sleeve assembly engaged with the die block assembly for receiving molten material, such as metal, from a furnace means and injecting the molten material into the die block assembly, and a shot cylinder releasably coupled with the shot sleeve assembly for controlling the injection of molten material. The ejection station includes an ejector lift assembly which engages the die block assembly for ejecting a finished part from the die block assembly, and the recovery station includes an ejector drop assembly which engages the die block assembly for placing a preload on the die block assembly.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/163,607 filed Jun. 27, 2008, from which priority is claimed, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/734,649 filed Apr. 12, 2007, from which priority is claimed, which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/248,983 filed Oct. 12, 2005, from which priority is claimed, which is the non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/618,056 filed Oct. 12, 2004 from which priority is claimed, and are all hereby incorporated by reference.


STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH
Not Applicable.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a die casting apparatus and method of use. More specifically, the present invention relates to die casting apparatus and method evidencing increased apparatus output including the ability of using multiple die tools. While the invention is described in particular with respect to die casting, those skilled in the art will recognize the wider applicability of the inventive concepts set forth hereinafter.
Die-casting is a popular manufacturing process because of its ability to cost-effectively produce complex parts while maintaining tight tolerances. Generally, the die-casting process begins by melting an appropriate material, such as zinc, aluminum, and magnesium alloys. Then, the molten material is injected into a die, using either a hot chamber or cold chamber method. The molten material is held under pressure within the die until it solidifies into a finished part. Next, the die opens and the part is ejected from the die. Subsequently, the die is cleaned and prepared for another cycle. Typically, this process can be cyclically repeated producing a new part about every 60 seconds.
Current designs of die-casting apparatus require a large amount of initial setup time before the production process begins, referred to as a production run. These designs are a result of efforts to automate and increase the speed of production runs. In spite of this, cycle times faster than the current standard of about 60 seconds are needed to better compete against other manufacturing methods. In addition, production runs using current designs are limited to using only one type of die at a time with each die producing the same part. Therefore, only large production runs of identical parts can be produced cost-effectively. In other words, it is not possible to cost-effectively produce either small production runs of parts or production runs of multiple parts.
Therefore, what is needed is a die-casting apparatus and method with faster cycle times that can cost-effectively produce both large and small runs of parts. Also, there is a need for a die-casting apparatus that can produce multiple parts during a single run.



DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings which form part of the specification:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one illustrative embodiment of die casting apparatus constructed in accordance with the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of an indexing table assembly employed with the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a die tool assembly;
FIG. 4 is a section view along line A-A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged section view, partly broken away along line A-A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a clamp assembly;
FIG. 7 is a section view, partly broken away, along line C-C in FIG. 6 of the clamp assembly;
FIG. 8 is a section view of a toggle assembly;
FIG. 9 is a section view along line A-A in FIG. 1 of a shot sleeve assembly in a extended position;
FIG. 10 is a section view along line A-A in FIG. 1 of a shot sleeve assembly in a retracted position;
FIG. 11A is a section view of a coupler employed with the shot sleeve assembly of FIG. 10 with an upper connector in a coupled position and a lower connector in an uncoupled position;
FIG. 11B is a section view of the coupler with the upper connector in an uncoupled position and the lower connector in a coupled position;
FIG. 12 is a partial perspective view of Station #3 of the die casting apparatus;
FIG. 13A is a section view of the die block assembly along line B-B of FIG. 3 about to strike a knockout beam;
FIG. 13B is a section view of the die block assembly along line B-B of FIG. 3 after striking the knockout beam;
FIG. 14 is an enlarged section view of the shot sleeve shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrating cooling water flow;
FIG. 15 is a timetable detailing the timing of events at Stations 1-4;
FIG. 16 is a block diagrammatic view of an electrical system of the die casting apparatus;
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a hose retraction assembly;
FIG. 18 is another perspective view of the hose retraction assembly;
FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a die block assembly in an extended position;
FIG. 20 is a section view of the alternate embodiment of the die block assembly in the extended position;
FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the alternate embodiment of the die block assembly in a closed position;
FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a securing assembly engaged with a locking pin;
FIG. 23 is a section view of a securing assembly in an engagement position;
FIG. 24 is a section view of the securing assembly in a release position;
FIG. 25 is a section view along line A-A in FIG. 1 of a shot sleeve assembly in a extended position with a biscuit and flash runner;
FIG. 26 is a perspective view of the biscuit ejection assembly;
FIG. 27 is an exploded perspective view of an alternate plunger tip assembly;
FIG. 28 is a section view of the alternate plunger tip assembly engaged with a shot rod;
FIG. 29 is a side view of the launder assembly engaged between the shot sleeve assembly and a material reservoir;
FIG. 30 is a section view of the launder assembly engaged between the shot sleeve assembly and the material reservoir along B-B of FIG. 29;
FIG. 31 is a perspective view of the launder assembly;
FIG. 32 is a side view of the launder assembly;
FIG. 33 is an enlarged section view of the launder assembly disengaged from the shot sleeve along C-C of FIG. 32;
FIG. 34 is an enlarged section view of the launder assembly seated with the shot sleeve of FIG. 33;
FIG. 35 is a perspective view of an inlet member of the launder assembly;
FIG. 36 is a side view of the inlet member of the launder assembly;
FIG. 37 is a perspective view of a outlet member of the launder assembly;
FIG. 38 is a perspective view of an alignment assembly of the launder assembly;
FIG. 39 is a section view of the alignment assembly along D-D of FIG. 38; and
FIG. 40 is an end view of the alignment assembly of the launder assembly.



Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several figures of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following detailed description illustrates the invention by way of example and not by way of limitation. The description clearly enables one skilled in the art to make and use the invention, describes several embodiments, adaptations, variations, alternatives, and uses of the invention, including what is presently believed to be the best mode of carrying out the invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of a die-casting apparatus 10 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. The die-casting apparatus 10 divides the die-casting process into four stations: injection station 1, cooling station 2, ejection station 3, and recovery station 4. In general, at station 1 molten material is injected into a die block assembly 200. At station 2, the molten material cools and solidifies into a finished part. At station 3, the finished part is ejected from the die block assembly 200. Finally, at station 4 the die block assembly 200 is cleaned, lubricated, and cooled in preparation for another cycle through all four stations. To increase efficiency, a plurality of die block assemblies 200 can be used in the die-casting apparatus simultaneously, such as one die block assembly 200 per station 200.
Illustrated in FIGS. 1, 4, and 29 the die-casting apparatus 10 includes a number of assemblies: an indexing assembly 100, a die block assembly 200, a frame assembly 300, a clamp assembly 400, a shot sleeve assembly 500, an ejector lift assembly 700, an ejector drop assembly 720, and a launder assembly 1000. For ease of understanding the present disclosure, the following description will explain these assemblies as they relate to each station. This will be followed by a description of the overall operation and method of use of the apparatus 10.
Illustrated in FIG. 2, the indexing assembly 100 is an integral part of all four stations, because it transports the die block assemblies 200 between stations. The indexing assembly 100 includes an indexing table 102, a table support 114, lock assemblies 124, a table riser 128, legs 147, 148, and 149, table lift assemblies 150, and a rotary union 160.
The three legs 147, 148, and 149 form the foundation of the indexing assembly 100, respectively located at station 2, station 3, and station 4. Supported by legs 147, 148, and 149, the table riser 128 comprises an inner ring 130 and an outer ring 132 defining an annular gap therebetween. Tracks 134 run parallel along respective interior faces of the inner ring 130 and outer ring 132. The tracks 134 contain ball bearings 136 providing a sliding surface around the table riser 128 to support the table lift assemblies 150.
The table lift assemblies 150, best seen in FIG. 2 include hydraulic cylinders 151 vertically mounted between a base 152 and the table support 114 for raising and supporting the table support 114 and indexing table 102. The base 152 engages the tracks 128 so that each table lift assembly 150 can freely glide around the annular gap of the table riser 128. In operation, the cylinders 151 extend to lift the table support 114 and indexing table 102 to an indexing position and retract to lower the table support 114 and indexing table to a stationary position. A guide rod 156 extending upwards from the base 152 couples with respective holes 105 and 116 of the table support 114 and indexing table 102 to guide them between the stationary and indexing position. In addition, table bosses 158 are positioned along a top edge of the outer ring 132 of the table riser 128. The table bosses 158 engage a bottom face of the table support 114 to accurately position the indexing assembly 100 in the stationary position. While the present embodiment discloses four table lift assemblies 150, any number and arrangement of assemblies 150 which can sufficiently lift and support the table support 114 and indexing table 102 can be used.
The table support 114 is a circular ring that attaches to a bottom face of the indexing table 102 to provide support. A pair of lock assemblies 124 are positioned within the body of the table support 114 at four mating locations, one at each station, to engage each die block assembly 200. Each lock assembly 124 comprises a rack 125 juxtaposed with two collars 126. The collars 126 include gear teeth along the outside surface, which engage corresponding gear teeth along the rack 125. Together, the rack 125 and collars 126 operate like a rack and pinion. Channels 120 within the body of the table support 114 allow lock cylinders 146 to engage the rack 125. The lock cylinders 146 are mounted to supports 144 extending from the table riser 128. During operation, the lock cylinders 146 slide the rack 125 back and forth to lock and unlock the collars 126 around lock pins 218 of the die block assembly 200, to be described in more detail below. In the present embodiment, multiple collars 126 are used to accommodate different sizes and types of die tool assemblies 200. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that collars 126 and racks 125 can be added or removed to accommodate a countless number of sizes and shapes of die tool assemblies 200. The table support 114 has an outer rim having a plurality of gear teeth 122 along and around the outer rim. During operation, a motor 123 engages the gear teeth 122 to rotate the table support 114 and the supported indexing table 102.
The indexing table 102 is a circular plate with hole patterns 104 for mating with each die block assembly 200, at each mating location. In the present embodiment, there are four sets of identical hole patterns 104 and mating locations, one for each station. At the center of each hole pattern 104 is a clearance hole 106 for the shot sleeve assembly 500. Positioned around the clearance hole 106 is a hole 105 for a guide rod 156, holes 108 for lock pins 218, holes 110 for splitter pins 222, and holes 112 for ejector pins 210. Multiple sets of holes are used to accommodate different sizes and types of die tool assemblies 200. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that any number and arrangement of hole patterns 104 can be used.
The rotary union 106 is mounted at the center of the indexing table 102 to provide a rotary connection between hydraulic, water, and oil supply lines and the various assemblies that rotate with the indexing assembly 100. Any typical rotary union can be used, which are known to those skilled in the art.
In operation, the indexing assembly 100 conveys the die block assemblies 200 between stations by “indexing” every fifteen seconds. For purposes of this specification, “indexing” is defined as advancing each die block by one station. Before indexing, the indexing assembly 100 rests in the stationary position as described above with cylinders 151 retracted and the table support 114 and indexing table 102 supported by the table riser 128. To index the assembly 100 in the present embodiment, the cylinders 151 extend, which raises the table support 114 and index table 102 about 1′′ to the indexing position. The motor 123 engages teeth 122 of the table support 114 and rotates the table support 114 and indexing table 102 clockwise, thereby, advancing each die block 200 by one station, which is about 90° in the present embodiment. Next, the cylinders 151 retract, which lowers the table support 114 and index table 102 back to the stationary position.
Illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5, each die block assembly 200 is essentially a generally rectangular block that includes a bottom half 202 and an ejector half 204 (the upper half of the die), which mate together to form a cavity 206. It is important to note that the shape of the cavity 206 determines the shape of the finished part. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the cavity can be any appropriate shape. In the present embodiment, each die block assembly 200 may have a different cavity shape to produce a different finished part. This allows the apparatus 10 to produce multiple parts in a single production run. The bottom half 202 defines a counterbore 203 for receiving one of the shot sleeve assemblies 500, to be described in more detail below. Lock pins 218 extend downwardly from the ejector half 204 through bushings in the bottom half 202. During operation, the lock pins 218 can be raised or lowered to separate or mate the ejector half 204 with the bottom half 202. Splitter pins 222 slidably attach to the bottom half through bushings. During operation, the splitter pins 222 raise until they protrude through the top face of the bottom half 202, thereby, striking the ejector half 204 and separating it from the bottom half 202.
As shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, an ejector assembly 208 attaches to the top face of the ejector half 204 for ejecting finished parts from the die block 200 at station 3. The ejector assembly 208 comprises a retainer plate 209, a backup plate 212, and a clamp plate 216. The retainer plate 209 is a rectangular plate with ejector pins 210 extending downwardly. The backup plate 212 is a rectangular plate attached to the top face of the retainer plate 209 for providing support. The clamp plate 216 is a rectangular plate with support pillars 214 extending downwardly from a bottom face. The pillars 214 extend through the backup plate 212 and retainer plate 209 and attach to the top face of the ejector half 204 so that the backup plate 212 and retainer plate 209 can slide up and down along the pillars 214. During operation, the ejector half 204 and ejector assembly 208 move upwards until the clamp plate 216 strikes a knockout beam 230. As shown in FIG. 13B, a stop 232 of the beam 230 strikes the backup plate, thereby, pushing the backup plate 212 and retainer plate 209 downwards against the ejector half 204. In this position, the ejector pins 210 protrude through the bottom face of the ejector half 204 to eject finished parts.
Illustrated in FIGS. 5, and 9-11B, each shot sleeve assembly 500 includes a shot sleeve 502, a shot rod 506, and a coupler 512. The shot sleeve 502 is a hollow tube with a cover flange 503 near the upper end and a coupler flange 504 at the lower end. The coupler flange 504 includes an annular groove 509 that receives locking balls 528 for coupling with the coupler 512, and a port 505 for coupling with a launder assembly 1000. The launder assembly 1000 communicates molten material from a reservoir 1010, such as a pressurized dosing furnace or other suitable furnace or source of material, to the port 505 of the shot sleeve assembly 500 (FIGS. 29-30).
Each shot sleeve assembly 500 engages the bottom half 202 of the respective die block assembly 200 by inserting the shot sleeve 502 into the counterbore 203 so that the cover flange 503 seats against the counterbore 203 and the tip of the shot sleeve 502 is flush with the bottom of the cavity 206. It is important to note that each shot sleeve assembly 500 and respective die block assembly 200 remain coupled together as the indexing assembly 100 indexes around the stations.
The shot rod 506 is a tube with a hollow core 507 and includes a plunger tip 508 capping the upper end, and a diverter 510 near the lower end for communicating cooling water between waterlines 511 and the hollow core 507. The shot rod 506 inserts into the shot sleeve 502 so that the plunger tip 508 seals against the inner wall of the shot sleeve 502. The shot rod 506 slides up and down within the shot sleeve 502 to inject molten material into the die block assembly 200. A vertical shot cylinder 600, to be described in further detail below, controls the stroke of the shot rod 506 so that the molten material is injected into the die block assembly 200 at a controlled pressure and flow rate.
The coupler 512 removably couples the shot sleeve assembly 500 with the vertical shot cylinder 600. The coupler 512 comprises an upper connector 514 and a lower connector 518 surrounded by an outer actuator 526. The outer actuator 526 is a cylindrical ring with inlet ports 527 and 533 for receiving hydraulic fluid and ball depressions 531 for receiving locking balls 528 and 529. The upper connector 514 is cylindrical ring with ball holes 516 for receiving locking balls 528. The upper connector 514 slides up and down within the outer actuator 526 to couple with the coupler flange 504 of the shot sleeve 502. In operation, a supply line communicates hydraulic fluid to the inlet port 527 of the outer actuator 526 to slide the upper connector 514 up and down between respective coupled and uncoupled positions. FIG. 11A shows the upper connector 514 in the coupled position with the locking balls 528 locked into the annular groove 509 of the coupler flange 504, thereby coupling the coupler 512 with the shot sleeve 502. FIG. 11B shows the upper connector 514 in the uncoupled position with the locking balls 528 recessed into the depression holes 531 of the outer actuator 526.
The lower connector 518 is also a cylindrical ring with ball holes 524 for receiving locking balls 529 for coupling with the vertical shot cylinder 600. The lower connector 518 slides up and down within the outer actuator 526 to couple with a coupling tip 602 of the vertical shot cylinder 600. In operation, a supply line communicates hydraulic fluid to the inlet port 533 of the outer actuator 526 to slide the lower connector 518 up and down between respective uncoupled and coupled positions. FIG. 11A shows the lower connector 518 in the uncoupled position with the locking balls 529 recessed into the depression holes 531 of the outer actuator 526. FIG. 11B shows the lower connector 518 in the coupled position with the locking balls 529 locked into an annular groove 604 of the coupling tip 602, thereby coupling the vertical shot cylinder 600 with the shot sleeve 502. If necessary, a number of o-rings 530 may be used within the coupler 512 for sealing.
Cooling water is continuously circulated through the shot sleeve assembly 500 to regulate the high temperatures occurring during operation. The waterlines 511 communicate cooling water through diverter 510 and the core 507 of the shot rod 506. As illustrated in FIG. 14, cooling water flows through the core 507 in a fountain-like pattern, with water initially flowing upwards along the interior of the core 507 and flowing downwards along the exterior of the core 507.
Illustrated in FIGS. 29-40, the launder assembly 1000 forms a detachable pathway for communicating molten material between the reservoir 1010, the conduit 312, and the plurality of shot sleeve assemblies 500. The launder assembly 1000 includes a first member 1002 in fluid communication with the reservoir 1010, such as with conduit 312. The first member 1002 is adjustably positioned with an alignment assembly 1006 to detachably couple with a plurality of second members 1008. Each second member 1008 connects to a respective shot sleeve assembly 500 and detachably couples with the first member 1002 to form the pathway for communicating molten material from the reservoir 1010. When the first member 1002 and second member 1008 are coupled together, a transfer mechanism 1004, such as a pump, transfers molten material from the reservoir 1010 through the conduit 312 and launder assembly 1000 to the port 505 of the shot sleeve assembly 500.
The first member 1002 is a generally L-shaped pipe 1012 encased by insulation 1014 and a casing 1016 (FIGS. 31-33). The pipe 1012 is preferably made from a high compressive non-wetting refractory ceramic that can withstand the high temperatures of the molten material, however, other materials can be used. The insulation 1014 is preferably, Silicon Nitride, A12O3- SiO2, also referred to as fused silica, but other materials can be used. The casing 1016 is preferably made from a metal, such as steel, to increase the hoop strength of the pipe 1012. However, other materials can be used. A heater 1018 is placed around the outer surface of the pipe 1012 to maintain the temperature of the pipe 1012 above the melting point of the molten material in order to prevent any solidifying within the pipe 1012. To power the heater 1018, a wire harness 1020 connects to a power supply. An inlet 1022 of the pipe 1012 is sized and shaped to seat against the conduit 312. Alignment posts 1024 extend rearwardly from the casing 1016 to connect with the conduit 312.
A female connector 1026 is removeably secured by a detachable upper portion 1028 of the casing 1016 at the outlet 1030 of the pipe 1012. To install, remove, service, or replace, the female connector 1026, the upper portion 128 of the casing 1016 can be removed or secured by respectively releasing or securing two latches 1032 located on respective sides of the casing 1016. Any other suitable hardware can be used in place of the two latches to removeably secure the casing 1016 and female connector 1026.
The female connector 1026 includes an generally cylindrical inner member 1034 encompassed by a generally cylindrical outer member 1036 (FIG. 33). An inner member 1034 defines an upper end having an outwardly taper 1038 of about 30°. (FIG. 34). The inner member 1034 is preferably made from a high compressive non-wetting refractory ceramic that can withstand the high temperatures of the molten material, however, other materials can be used. Among other benefits, the use of ceramic minimizes sticking of the molten material, which can compromise sealing of the female connector 1026. An outer surface of the inner member 1034 defines a channel 1040 sized and shaped to receive a heater 1042. Like the heater 1018, the heater 1040 maintains the temperature of the female connector 1026 above the melting point of the molten material in order to prevent any solidifying within the female connector 1026.
The outer member 1036 defines an upper end having an inwardly taper 1044 of about 30° so that the inwardly taper 1044 seats against the outwardly taper 1038 of the inner member 1034. The outer member 1036 is preferably made from a hardened, heat resistant and wear resistant, including, but not limited to H-13 or stainless steel. An annular ring 1046 extends outwardly from an outer surface of the outer member 1036. When the female connector 1026 is installed in the first member 1002, the upper portion 1028 of the casing 1016 seats against the ring 1046 to secure the female connector 1026. Together, the inner member 1034 and outer member 1036 and sized and shaped to couple with a male connector 1048 on the second member 1008. The tapers 1038 and 1044 minimize misalignment between the male connector 1028 and male connector 1048 so that, when coupled, the female connector 1026 and male connector 1048 form a metal-tight seal.
The second member 1008 is a generally straight pipe 1050 encased by insulation 1052 and a casing 1054 (FIGS. 33-36). Similar to the first member 1002, the pipe 1050 is preferably made from a high compression non-wetting refractory ceramic, however, other materials can be used. The insulation 1052 can be any suitable insulating material, including, but not limited to Silicon Nitride, Fused Silica, or Aluminum Oxide. The casing 1054 is preferably made from a metal, such as steel however, other materials can be used. A heater 1056 is placed around the outer surface of the pipe 1050 to maintain the temperature of the pipe 1050 above the melting point of the molten material in order to prevent any solidifying within the pipe 1050. To power the heater 1056, a wire harness 1058 connects to a power supply. Thermocouples can also be positioned about the pipe 1050 for monitoring temperature. An outlet 1060 of the pipe 1050 is sized and shaped, such as with dovetails, to seat with the port 505 of the shot sleeve assembly 500. An over-center cam 1062 removeably secures the second member 1008 to the shot sleeve assembly 500.
The male connector 1048 is secured by a detachable lower portion 1064 of the casing 1054 at the inlet 1066 of the pipe 1050. To install, remove, or replace, the male connector 1048, the lower portion 1064 of the casing 1054 can be removed or secured by respectively releasing or securing two latches 1068 located on respective sides of the casing 1054. Any other suitable hardware can be used in place of the two latches to removeably secure the casing 1054 and male connector 1048.
The male connector 1048 includes a generally cylindrical inner member 1070 encompassed by a generally cylindrical outer member 1072, which defines a channel 1073 therebetween sized and shaped to receive the male connector 1048. The inner member 1070 has an outer surface that is shaped and sized for insertion into the inner member 1034 of the female connector 1026 with a sliding fit, preferably with a clearance of about 0.003′′, but other tolerances can be used. The outer surface of the inner member 1070 also defines a first recess 1074 sized and shaped to receive a heater 1076. The heater 1076 maintains the temperature of the male connector 1048 above the melting point of the molten material in order to prevent any solidifying of the molten material within the male connector 1048. The outer surface also defines a second recess sized and shaped to receive an annular seal 1078 that can seat against an inner surface of the inner member 1034 of the female connector 1026. The seal 1078 prohibits leakage of the molten material from the launder assembly 1000. The seal 1078 is preferably made from a heat treated, heat resistant, wear resistant, spring metal, including, but not limited to H-13 or stainless steel. However, the seal 1078 can be made from any material that can accommodate the temperature, viscosity, surface tension, and physical properties of the molten material, as well as the pressure within the launder assembly 1000.
The inner member 1070 is preferably made from a high compressive non-wetting refractory ceramic that can withstand the high temperatures of the molten material, preferably Silicon Nitride, however, other materials can be used. Among other benefits, the use of ceramic minimizes sticking of the molten material, which can compromise sealing of the male connector 1048.
The outer member 1072 defines a lower end having an inwardly taper 1080 of about 30°. An inner surface of the outer member 1072 is sized and shaped to receive the outer member 1036 of the female connector 1026 with a sliding fit preferably with a clearance of about 0.010′′ but other tolerances can be used. The outer member 1036 is preferably made from a hardened, heat resistant, wear resistant metal, including, but not limited to H-13 or stainless steel. The outer surface of the outer member 1072 defines a channel that receives an annular ring 1082.
The over-center cam 1062 includes link assemblies 1084 attached vertically along each side of the outlet 1060 of the second member 1008 (FIGS. 35-36). An arm 1086 pivotally attaches to each lower end of each link assembly 1084 and extends generally parallel with the casing 1054. A handle 1088 extends between the lower ends of the arms 1086. An attachment member 1090 pivotally connects between the casing 1054 and about the mid-point of the each arm 1086. In this arrangement, an operator can pull downwardly on the handle 1088 to unsecure the over-center cam 1062 from the shot sleeve assembly 500. Oppositely, the operator can push upwardly on the handle 1088 to secure the over-center cam 1062 with the shot sleeve 500.
To insure proper alignment of the female connector 1026 with the corresponding male connector 1048 on the second member 1008, the first member 1002 includes side supports 1092 extending from the casing 1016 that connect to the alignment assembly 1006. Proper alignment of the female connector 1026 helps minimize wear of the connectors.
The alignment assembly 1006 moveably attaches between a mounting bracket 1094 and the two side brackets 1092 of the first member 1002 (FIGS. 32-33). A bearing 1096, such as a ball bearing, attaches to the upper surface of the mounting bracket 1094 to support a mounting plate 1098 and provide adjustability for connector alignment and horizontal adjustment (FIGS. 38-40). Two pressure block assemblies 1100 attach to the mounting plate 1098 for adjustment and alignment of the first member 1002 with the second member 1008 for detachable coupling.
Each pressure block assembly 1100 includes a tapered upper block 1102 operatively connected to a tapered lower block 1104 by dovetail guides 1106 located along tapered faces of the blocks 1102 and 1104 so that the position of the first member 1002 is adjustable (FIGS. 38-40). A post 1106 extends upward from each upper block 1102 to mate with respective side members 1092 of the first member 1002. A plurality of stackable high-temperature compression washers 1108, preferably made from a heat resistant metal, such as stainless steel, stack about the each post 1106. The number of washers 1108 can be increased or decreased to adjust the strength of sealing pressure between the female connector 1026 and the male connector 1048 between about 0 to about 1000 psi.
Both blocks 1102 and 1104 are juxtaposed against a lead screw block 1110, which is secured to the mounting plate 1098, such as by fasteners. The lower block 1104 adjusts forwards and rearwards relative to the first member 1002 with a lead screw 1112 threaded through the lower block 1104 and the lead screw block 1110. As the lower block 1104 is adjusted forwards, the dovetail guides 1106 force the upper block 1102 upwards, thus, increasing the overall height of the first member 1102. As the lower block 1104 is adjusted rearwards, the dovetail guides 1106 force the upper block 1102 downwards thus, decreasing the overall height of the first member 1002. Each pressure block assembly 1100 is independently adjustable to provide increased overall adjustability of the first member 1002.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 4, station 1 includes the frame assembly 300 and the clamp assembly 400. First addressing the frame assembly 300, it includes an upper platen 302, tie rods 304, collars 306, a lower platen 308, and a vertical shot cylinder 600. The upper platen 302 and lower platen 308 are rectangular enclosures connected at each end by tie rods 304, which are held in place by collars 306. The vertical shot cylinder 600 mounts within the body of the lower platen 308 and includes a coupling tip 602 that couples with the shot sleeve assembly 500 as described above.
Next, the clamp assembly 400 illustrated in FIGS. 6-8 extends and retracts to clamp and release the die tool assembly 200 within station 1. The assembly 400 includes an actuation cylinder 402 vertically mounted within the upper platen 302 with a piston 403 of cylinder 402 extending downward. The piston 403 is attached to a connector 404. The connector 404 is a straight rod with teeth 405 extending outward from the top end for pivotally engaging with four toggle assemblies 406. The toggle assembly 406 operatively connects the connector 404 and upper platen 302 with a moving platen 426. The moving platen 426 is a rectangular plate with a cylindrical bearing 424 attached to the center of the top face for engaging the connecter 404.
Each toggle assembly 406 includes an upper pressure block 408 attached to the bottom face of the upper platen 302 and a lower pressure block assembly 409 attached to the top face of the moving platen 426 for adjusting the compression load on each toggle assembly 406 that occurs during clamping, which will be described in further detail below. Toggles 410 pivotally attach to respective upper pressure block 408 and lower pressure block assembly 409 with a central toggle 412 pivotally interposed between both toggles 410 using links 413. The central toggle 412 extends more or less horizontally to pivotally engage the connector 404. The present embodiment uses four toggle assemblies 406 to insure that the moving platen 302 remains stable during operation. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that any number of toggle assemblies 406 can be used to stabilize the moving platen 302.
As indicated, the lower pressure block assembly 409 includes a tapered upper block 414 operatively connected to a tapered lower block 416 by dovetail guides 418 located along tapered faces of the blocks 414 and 416 so that the compression load on the toggle assembly 406 is adjustable. Both blocks 414 and 416 are juxtaposed against a lead screw block 420, which is secured to the moving platen 426. The lower tapered block 416 adjusts inwards and outwards relative to the clamp assembly 400 with a lead screw 422 threaded through the lower block 416 and the lead screw block 420. As the lower block 416 is adjusted inwards, the dovetail guides 418 force the upper block 414 upwards, thus, increasing the overall length of the toggle assembly 406 and increasing the compression load of the toggle assembly 406 during clamping. As the lower block 416 is adjusted outwards, the dovetail guides 419 force the upper block 414 downwards thus, decreasing the overall length of the toggle assembly 406 and decreasing the compression load of the toggle assembly 406 during clamping. Each block assembly 409 is independently adjustable to compensate for uneven forces among the toggle assemblies 406, which can be caused by variations in the height of the die block assembly 200. Therefore, each block assembly 409 is adjusted so that the compression load on each toggle assembly 406 is equal.
In operation, the actuation cylinder 402 extends and retracts to clamp and release the moving platen 302 with the die tool assembly 200. The actuation cylinder 402 extends lowering the connector 404 and locking the toggle assembly 406 into place by vertically aligning the toggles 410 with the central toggle 412 nearly perpendicular to the toggles 410, referred to as clamping position. In this position, the moving platen 302 presses down against the ejector clamp plate 216, thus, compressing the die block assembly 200. In this way, the toggle assembly 406 acts as a force multiplier capable of multiplying the force of the actuation cylinder 402, about 2,000 psi, by about 14 times. In the present embodiment, the clamp assembly 400 places about 1600 tons of force onto the tool block assembly 200. To prevent mechanical failure of the toggle assembly 406, these large forces are transferred through the toggle assembly 406 to the upper platen 302 via the upper pressure block 408. As a result, the toggle assembly 406 carries only very low compression loads with virtually no shear loads. In fact, the unique design of the clamp assembly 400 results in only compression loads with virtually no shear loads in all of the parts in the clamp assembly 400. When the actuation cylinder 402 retracts, the connector 404 raises the central toggle 412 unlocking the toggle assembly 406 and raising the moving platen, referred to as the release position. In the present embodiment, the moving platen 302 has a travel of about 11⁄2%′′, providing sufficient clearance between the die block assembly 200 and the clamp assembly 400 to allow indexing of the indexing assembly 100 when in the release position.
In an alternate embodiment, the clamping assembly 400 comprises a typical long stroke clamp, which are known by those of ordinary skill in the art.
To provide lubrication to all moving parts within the clamping assembly 400, lubrication lines 428, which are in fluid communication with a central lubber, are strategically located throughout the clamp assembly 400.
Illustrated in FIG. 12, the ejector lift assembly 700 is located at station 3 and includes lift cylinders 702 vertically mounted to leg 148 and attached to a lift beam 706. The lift beam 706 defines a center clearance hole 708 for clearing the shot sleeve assembly 500 and locating holes 710 for engaging the lock pins 218 of the die block assembly 200. In operation, the lift cylinders 702 extend to raise the lift beam 706 until the locating holes 710 of the lift beam 706 engage the lock pins 218. The lift cylinders 702 continue to extend raising the lock pins 218, the ejector half 204, and the ejector assembly 208 until they strike the knockout beam 230 for ejecting finished parts as described above.
Also illustrated in FIG. 12, the ejector drop assembly 720 is located at station 4 and is structurally identical to the ejector lift assembly 700, but differs in function. Instead of raising the lock pins 218, the ejector half 204, and the ejector assembly 208, the ejector half drop 750 lowers those parts. The ejector drop 720 includes lift cylinders 722 vertically mounted to leg 149 and attached to a lift beam 726. The lift beam 726 defines a center clearance hole 728 for clearing the shot sleeve assembly 500 and locating holes 730 for engaging the lock pins 218 of the die block assembly 200. In operation, the lift cylinders 722 retract lowering the lift beam 706 until the locating holes 730 of the lift beam 726 disengage the lock pins 218.
The following is a description of the operation of the die casting apparatus 10 beginning with station 1 and progressing to station 4. For references purposes, FIG. 15 is a timetable detailing the timing of events as they occur at each station. In addition, the timing and operation of each station is controlled by electrical communication with a control panel 740 as illustrated in FIG. 16.
Before operation of the die casting apparatus 10 begins, four die block assemblies 200 are placed on the indexing assembly 100. One die block assembly 200 is placed into a hole pattern 104 at each mating location of the indexing table 102. At the discretion of the operator, each die block assemblies 200 may have a cavity 206 to produce a different part or all die block assemblies 200 may have a cavity 206 to produce the same part.
At injection station 1, one of the die block assembly 200 begins in a closed position. In this position, the ejector half 204 mates with the bottom half 202 forming the cavity 206. In addition, the lock assemblies 124 are locked with the lock pins 218, thereby, placing a preload on the die block assembly of about 50,000 psi. The indexing assembly 100 begins in the stationary position and the shot sleeve assembly 500 is coupled with the die block assembly 200 and the vertical shot cylinder 600. Also, the conduit 312 is engaged with the port 505 of the shot sleeve 502 for communicating molten material from a suitable furnace or source of material.
Beginning the operation, the clamp assembly 400 extends to the clamping position, thereby, placing up to about 1600 tons of force onto the die block assembly 200. The vertical shot cylinder 600 extends and couples to the shot sleeve 500 via the coupler 512. The vertical shot cylinder 600 retracts pulling the shot rod 506 and plunger 508 to a retracted position. As illustrated in FIG. 10, molten material is communicated from the reservoir 1010 through the conduit 312 and launder assembly 1000 into the shot sleeve 502 by pump 1004. The vertical shot cylinder 600 extends the shot rod 506 and plunger tip 508, thereby, injecting a “shot” of molten material into the cavity 206 of the die block assembly 200. The vertical shot cylinder 600 also extends to hydraulically pressurize the molten material inside the cavity 206, a process referred to as “intensification”. Intensification of the liquid material inside the cavity forms a denser finished casting and reduces the porosity of the finished casting. It is important to note that the control panel controls and coordinates the amount of material pumped into the shot sleeve 502 and the travel of the vertical shot cylinder 600 to accommodate different size cavities 206. The coupler 512 of the shot sleeve assembly 500 uncouples from the vertical shot cylinder 600 and retracts and the clamp assembly 400 retracts to a release position. At the end of this approximately 15 second process, the indexing assembly 100 indexes the die block assembly 200 to station 2. As the indexing assembly 100 indexes, the shot sleeve assembly 500 remains with the die block assembly 200.
At cooling station 2, the injected material within the die block assembly 200 cools until it solidifies into a solid part. The cylinders 146 extend to engage the lock assemblies 124 and unlock the lock pins 218, thereby, releasing the preload on the die block assembly 200. Subsequently, the cylinders 146 retract to their original position. At the end of this approximately 15 second process, the indexing assembly 100 indexes the die block assembly 200 to station 3.
At ejection station 3, the finished part is removed from the die block assembly 200. When the indexing assembly 100 lowers the die block assembly 200 onto station 3, the splitter pins 222 strike against the table riser 128, including the arms 138. As a result, the splitter pins 222 protrude through the top face of the bottom half 202 splitting the ejector half 204 from the bottom half 202. After the split, the finished part will separate from the bottom half 202 and stick to the ejector half 204. The lift cylinders 702 of the lift assembly 700 extend, thereby, engaging the lock pins 218. The lift cylinders 702 continue to extend raising the lock pins 218, ejector half 204, and ejector assembly 208 until the clamp plate 216 strikes the knockout beam 230. As shown in FIG. 13B, a stop 232 of the beam 230 strikes the backup plate, thereby, pushing the backup plate 212 and retainer plate 209 downwards against the ejector half 204. In this position, the ejector pins 210 protrude through the bottom face of the ejector half 204 to eject finished parts. When ejected, the finished part is grabbed and removed by a robotic arm (not shown) or other appropriate means. Afterwards, lift cylinders 702 retract slightly backing the ejector assembly 208 off the knockout beam 230 and the cylinders 146 extend to engage the lock assemblies 124 and lock the lock pins 218 and the ejector half 204 in an open position. The lift cylinders 702 fully retract, disengaging the lift beam 706 from the lock pins 218 and the cylinders 146 retract. At the end of this approximately 15 second process, the indexing assembly 100 indexes the die block assembly 200 to station 4.
After removal of the finished part by the robotic arm, secondary operations are performed on the finished part while the machine continues to operate without interruption. Secondary operations may include inspection and trimming operations. Preferably, inspection of finished parts should be performed immediately after removal so that any defects or undesirable variations can be detected before the die apparatus 1 produces additional defective parts.
At recovery station 4, the die block assembly 200 is recovered for use in another cycle. Using appropriate means, such as a hose with nozzle, the die block assembly 200 is sprayed with a cooling and lubricating agent, such as water oil, dry lubricant, or lubricant combination, and blown-off. In necessary, a release agent is sprayed onto the die block assembly 200 to aid with part removal. The lift cylinders 722 of the ejector drop assembly 720 extend raising the lift beam 726 until it engages the lock pins 218. Cylinders 146 engage the lock assemblies 124 to unlock the lock pins 218. The lift cylinders 722 retract by gravity, thereby, lowering the die block assembly 200 to a closed position. Cylinders 146 engage the lock assemblies 124 to lock the lock pins 218 placing a preload on the die block assembly 200. At the end of this approximately 15 second process, the indexing assembly 100 raises and indexes the die block assembly 200 to station 1 to restart another cycle.
In the present embodiment, multiple die cast apparatus 10 can be used in conjunction with a single or multiple furnaces. This allows great flexibility in the size of production runs.
Many variations of the die casting apparatus 10 can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Several alternate embodiments are shown in FIGS. 17-25. For ease of understanding, components common between the various embodiments are identified with matching reference numbers.
FIGS. 17-18 illustrate perspective views of a hose retraction assembly 750, which stores surplus hose 752 for connecting hydraulic fluid and cooling water supply lines between the rotary union 160 and the shot sleeve assembly 500. At each station, the retraction assembly 750 attaches to the underside of the base 152 with frame members 754. In this way, four separate retraction assemblies 750 travel around the indexing assembly 100, each with a corresponding die block assembly 200. A pair of pulleys 756 mount vertically to each frame member 754 along each side of the shot sleeve assembly 500. The hose 752 wraps around each pair of pulleys 756 with one end of the hose 752 connected to the inlet ports 527 and 533 or waterlines 511 and the other end of the hose 752 connected to the rotary union 160 using standard connectors 758 well known in the art. The pulleys 756 of the assembly 750 between an extended position with the pulleys 756 generally adjacent to each other to a retracted position with the pulleys 756 at a designated distance from each other. In the extended position, the assembly 750 stores surplus hose 752 along the pulleys 756. In the retracted position, the assembly releases surplus hose 752 from the pulleys.
In operation, the retraction assembly 750 moves between the extended position and the retracted position corresponding to the shot sleeve assembly 500 as it extends and retracts as shown in FIGS. 9-10. As the shot sleeve assembly 500 retracts (FIG. 10), the retraction assembly 750 retracts, which releases hose from the pulleys 756. As the shot sleeve assembly 500 extends (FIG. 9), the retraction assembly 750 extends to take-up the hose 752. Cylinders 760 are attached between frame members 754 to provide stability as the assembly 750 extends and retracts.
Illustrated in FIGS. 19-21, the alternate die block assembly 800 is similar to the die block assembly 200 comprising a generally rectangular block that includes a bottom half 802 and an ejector half 804 (the upper half of the die), which mate together to form a cavity 806. The bottom half 804 defines a counterbore 803 for receiving the shot sleeve assembly 500. Lock pins 818 extend downwardly from the ejector half 804 through bushings in the bottom half 802. During operation, the lock pins 818 can be raised or lowered to separate or mate the ejector half 804 with the bottom half 802. An ejector assembly 808 attaches to the top face of the ejector half 204 for ejecting finished parts from the die block 800. The ejector assembly 808 comprises a retainer plate 812 and a clamp plate 816. The retainer plate 812 is a rectangular plate with ejector pins 810 extending downwardly. The clamp plate 816 is a rectangular plate with the support pillars 814 extending downwardly from a bottom face and slidably attaches to the ejector half 804.
An extension assembly 822 is attached at each corner of the die block assembly 800 between the bottom half 802 and the clamp plate 816. Each extension assembly 822 comprises three nested extension members 824, 826, and 828, which slidably connect with slots 830 and pins 832 and move between an extended position and a retracted position.
In operation, the lift cylinders 702 of the lift assembly 700 extend, thereby, engaging the lock pins 818. The lift cylinders 702 continue to extend raising the lock pins 818, ejector half 804, and ejector assembly 808 until the extension assembly 822 completely extends and the ejector half 804 meets the ejector assembly 808. In this position, the ejector pins 810 protrude through the bottom face of the ejector half 204 to eject finished parts. When ejected, the finished part is grabbed and removed by a robotic arm (not shown) or other appropriate means. Afterwards, lift cylinders 702 retract, thereby returning the extension assembly 822 and die block assembly 800 to the closed position as shown in FIG. 21.
It should be noted that the extension assembly 822 eliminates the need for the knockout beam 230, lift assembly 700, and other associated parts at station 3 as shown in FIGS. 12-13B. Therefore in this embodiment, station 3 is identical to station 2. In this way, station 3 is capable of acting as an additional cooling station that allows additional cooling time. Thus, the die casting apparatus 10 allows for longer cooling times for parts having thicker walls.
As shown in FIGS. 22-24, the drop assembly 720 can also have securing assemblies 840 that engage the locking pins 818 at station 4. Each securing assembly 840 comprises a cylindrical outer member 842 attached to the lift beam 706 at station 4. The outer member 842 is sized to fit within an inner diameter of the locking pins 218 or 818. The outer member 842 defines openings 844 that receive inner members 846. The inner members 846 have a grooved outer surface 848 for engaging the inner diameter of the locking pins 218 or 818 and a tapered inner surface 850. The outer member 842 defines a core 843 that receives a shuttle 852 having a tapered upper surface 854 that engages the tapered inner surface 850 of the inner member 846. The shuttle 852 moves between an engagement position (FIG. 23) and a release position (FIG. 24) using hydraulic power via hydraulic lines 856. In the engagement position, the shuttle 852 moves to the top of the core 843 which forces the inner member 850 outwardly partway through the openings 844 so that the grooved outer surface 848 engages the inner diameter of the locking pins 218 or 818. In the release position, the shuttle 852 moves to the bottom of the core 843 which allows the inner member 850 to move inwardly through the openings 844 and disengage from the inner diameter of the locking pins 218 or 818. The securing assemblies 840 create downward force on the die block assembly 200 or 800. This downward force may be needed for some operations, such as side-actions (not shown) within the die-block assembly 200 or 800.
During cooling, a biscuit 858 and runner flash 859 forms at the top of the shot sleeve assembly 400 as shown in FIG. 25. Therefore, a biscuit ejection assembly 860 as shown in FIG. 26 can be installed at stations 2 and/or station 3 to eject the biscuit 858 and flash 859. The ejection assembly 860 includes a piston 862 mounted to the leg 148 or 149 with a bracket 864 and an engagement member 866 attached to the piston 862. In operation, the piston 862 extends upward so that the engagement member 866 engages the shot sleeve assembly 400 and pushes the shot rod 506 to the top of the shot sleeve, thereby ejecting the biscuit 858 and runner flash 859 Afterwards, the piston 862 retracts and disengages from the shot sleeve assembly 400.
FIGS. 27-28 shows an alternate plunger tip assembly 900 capping the upper end of the shot rod 506. By virtue of its design, the plunger tip assembly 900 minimizes cooling of the plunger exterior while allowing for normal cooling on the shot-side surface. As discussed above, during operation molten material is communicated from the conduit 312 into the shot sleeve 502 (FIGS. 9-10). The vertical shot cylinder 600 extends the shot rod 506 and plunger tip assembly 900 (generally shown in FIGS. 9-10 as 508), thereby, injecting a “shot” of molten material into the cavity of the die block assembly 200. The vertical shot cylinder 600 also extends to hydraulically pressurized the molten material inside the cavity 206 or “intensification”. The “shot” of molten material within the shot sleeve 502 is sized to leave excess material in the shot sleeve 502 to cushion the forward stroke at the end of the shot, which provides a reserve of a molten material from which to draw during intensification and solidification. The reserve of molten material is preferably about 1-2′′ thick, and is commonly referred to as the “biscuit” 858 (FIG. 25), previously discussed above. Generally, the biscuit 858 includes the largest cross-sectional area of the die cast part within the die block assembly 200. As a result, the solidification of the biscuit 858 generally determines the cooling time needed.
It is desirable to minimize the time needed for biscuit 858 solidification, which in turn can shorten the overall cycle time of the die-casting apparatus 10. To that end, the plunger tip assembly 900 includes a plunger tip 908 that is cooled by cooling water continuously circulated through the shot sleeve assembly 500 to regulate the high temperatures occurring during operation (FIG. 14). The waterlines 511 communicate cooling water through diverter 510 and the core 507 of the shot rod 506. As illustrated in FIG. 14, cooling water flows through the core 507 in a fountain-like pattern, with water initially flowing upwards along the interior of the core 507 and flowing downwards along the exterior of the core 507.
The plunger tip 908 is generally cylindrical having an enlarged perimeter at an upper end thereby defining a lip 910, and having a lower end defining a threaded hole 912 for engaging the shot rod 506. The plunger tip 908 shown in FIGS. 27-28 is preferably made from copper, however, those skilled in the art will recognize that any appropriate material can be used with a high coefficient of heat transfer, such as beryllium or non-beryllium copper with a coefficient of heat transfer of about 819 BTU-in/hr-ft2-° F. or H-13 with a coefficient of heat transfer of about 122 BTU-in/hr-2-° F. Materials with a high coefficient of heat transfer are used in conjunction with internal cooling to minimize the time needed for biscuit 858 solidification, shorten die cast cycle times, provide dimensional stability, and prevent premature wear of plunger and shot cylinder assembly components.
Heat loss through the sides of the plunger tip 908 is undesirable because it can cause overcooling of the molten material when communicated from the conduit 312 into the shot sleeve 502. An insulating bushing 914 minimizes the heat loss thorough the sides of the plunger tip 908. The generally cylindrical bushing 914 defines a bore 916 sized to receive the plunger tip 908, preferably with a clearance fit, such as about 0.001′′/in Ø. The clearance accommodates misalignment between the bushing 914 and plunger tip 908. In addition, the clearance allows the plunger tip assembly 900 to better withstand the shock between the components caused by pressure spikes during operation. The upper end of the bushing 914 seats against the lip 910 of the plunger tip 908. The outer surface of the bushing 914 is sized to seal against the inner wall of the shot sleeve 502 as the shot rod 506 slides the plunger tip assembly 900 up and down within the shot sleeve 502 to inject molten material into the die block assembly 200. In addition, the bushing 914 is sized with a clearance of about 0.00075′′/in Ø with the shot sleeve 502 at steady-state operating temperatures to accommodate differences in thermal growth rates between the shot sleeve 502 and the bushing 914. Preferably, the outer diameter of the bushing 914 is larger than the outer diameter of the lip 910 by about 0.005′′/in Ø. The upper and lower edges of the bushing 914 can be tapered or chamfered to minimize potential friction against the shot sleeve 506. The bushing 914 is preferably made from ceramic, such as silicon nitride, however, any variety of ceramic materials can be used for the bushing 914, such as zirconia, alumina, aluminum titanate, alumina silicate, H-13 or similar steel with vapor deposition coatings, or H-13 or similar steel with bonded ceramic matrix coatings. The use of a ceramic material for the bushing 914 enhances the wear characteristics between the shot sleeve 502 and the bushing 914, by reducing friction while minimizing the need for lubrication. This, in turn, lengthens the service life and operating costs of the plunger tip assembly 900. When the bushing 914 wears beyond designated seal tolerances, only the bushing 914 is replaced, rather than the entire plunger tip assembly 900, thereby, further reducing operating costs.
A generally cylindrical gasket 918 seats against the lower end of the bushing 914. The gasket 918 is preferably made from a material resistant to high-temperature, such as ceramic fiber paper or ceramic fiber gasket material. During operation, the gasket 918 operates as cushion or shock absorber to lower stress on the plunger tip assembly 900 as the shot rod 506 extends and retracts.
A generally cylindrical washer 920 seats against the lower face of the gasket 918. The washer 920 is preferably made from a material resistant to high-temperature, such as H-13 or other steels, or beryllium or non-beryllium copper. The washer 920 aids in securing the plunger tip 908 to the shot rod 506 and aligning the plunger tip 908 to be generally parallel with the shot rod 506. Dowels 924 can be used to align the washer 920 with the plunger tip 908.
To assemble the plunger tip assembly 900 (FIG. 28), the bushing 914 slides over the outer surface of the plunger tip 908 until the bushing 914 seats against the lip 910. The gasket 918 seats against the lower end of the bushing 914 and the washer 920 seats against the gasket 918. A threaded portion 922 of the shot rod 506 engages with the threaded hole 912 of the plunger tip 908 and seats against the lower surface of the washer 920.
Changes can be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, while the preferred embodiment of the invention finds application with respect to a die cast operation, other part construction operations are compatible with the broader aspects of the invention.

## Claims

1. A launder assembly for a die casting apparatus having a shot sleeve assembly coupled with a die block assembly, the launder assembly comprising:
a reservoir containing molten material;
a first member having a first inlet in fluid communication with the reservoir, and having a first outlet;
a second member having a second inlet detachably coupled to the first member, the second inlet being sized and shaped to form a seal with the first outlet of the first member, the second member having a second outlet detachably coupled with the shot sleeve assembly;
an alignment assembly attached to the first member, the alignment assembly adapted to move the first member relative to the second member for proper alignment between the first outlet of the first member and the second inlet of the second member;
a transfer mechanism sized and shaped to transfer molten material from the reservoir through the first member and the second member to the shot sleeve assembly for injection into the die block assembly; a pipe having a pipe inlet and a pipe outlet, the pipe being sized and shaped to communicate molten material; a heater positioned in thermal communication with the pipe, the heater being adapted to maintain the temperature of the pipe above the melting point of the molten material; insulation sized and shaped to generally encase an outer surface of the pipe; a casing surrounding the pipe, the heater, and the insulation; and a female connector seated against the pipe outlet and secured by the casing, wherein the female connector comprising a generally cylindrical inner member having an outer surface, the outer surface defining a recess sized and shaped to receive the heater, wherein the heater is adapted to maintain the temperature of the inner member above the melting point of the material, the inner member having a generally outwardly tapered end; a generally cylindrical outer member having an inner surface sized and shaped to seat against the outer surface of the inner member, the outer member having an generally inwardly tapered end sized and shaped to seat against the generally outwardly tapered end of the inner member, wherein the inner member and outer member are sized and shaped to detachably couple with a male connector to form a seal that prohibits leakage of molten material therefrom; and a generally annular ring extending outwardly from the outer member sized and shaped to seat against the casing.

2. The second member of claim 1, further comprising:
the male connector seated against the pipe outlet and secured by the casing.

3. The male connector of claim 2, further comprising:
a generally cylindrical inner member having an outer surface, the outer surface defining a first recess sized and shaped to receive a heater, wherein the heater is adapted to maintain the temperature of the inner member above the melting point of the material, the outer surface defining a second recess sized and shaped to receive a seal adapted to seat against the female connector and prohibit leakage of molten material therefrom;
a generally cylindrical outer member encompassing the inner member, and defining a channel between the inner member and the outer member, the channel sized and shaped to receive the female connector, the outer member having an generally outwardly tapered end.

4. The launder assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a link assembly attached to the second member and detachably connected to the shot sleeve assembly;
an arm pivotally attached to link assembly;
a handle attached to the arm;
an attachment member pivotally attached between the second member and the arm for movement of the handle and link assembly between a secured position and unsecured position.

5. The launder assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a first mount;
a bearing attached to the first mount adapted for alignment of the first member;
a second mount attached to the bearing;
a lower block moveably engaged with the second mount for forward and rearward movement;
an upper block operatively connected to the lower block with guides, the upper block adapted to move upwards and downwards with respect to forward and rearward movement of the lower block;
a post extending generally upwardly from the upper block, the post being engaged with the first member;
a compression washer coupled with the post and seated against the first member;
a lead screw block attached to the second mount and juxtaposed with the upper block and lower block; and
a lead screw threaded through the lead screw block and operatively engaged with the lower block for adjustment forwards and rearwards and respective upward and downward movement of the upper block to respectively increase and decrease the elevation of the first member.

6. An apparatus for communicating molten material from a reservoir to a shot sleeve assembly, comprising:
a first insulated, temperature controlled pipe having a first inlet in communication with the reservoir of molten material, and a first outlet comprising a female connector, wherein the female connector comprising a generally cylindrical inner member having an outer surface, the outer surface defining a recess sized and shaped to receive a heater, wherein the heater is adapted to maintain the temperature of the inner member above the melting point of the material, the inner member having a generally outwardly tapered end; a generally cylindrical outer member having an inner surface sized and shaped to seat against the outer surface of the inner member, the outer member having an generally inwardly tapered end sized and shaped to seat against the generally outwardly tapered end of the inner member, wherein the inner member and outer member are sized and shaped to detachably couple with the male connector to form a seal that prohibits leakage of molten material therefrom; and a generally annular ring extending outwardly from the outer member sized and shaped to seat against the casing;
a second insulated temperature controlled pipe having a second outlet detachably coupled with the shot sleeve assembly, and a second inlet comprising a male connector being sized and shaped to receive the female connector and form a seal that prohibits leakage of molten material therefrom; and
a transfer mechanism sized and shaped to transfer molten material from the reservoir through the first member and the second member to the shot sleeve assembly.

7. The male connector of claim 6, further comprising:
a generally cylindrical inner member having an outer surface, the outer surface defining a first recess sized and shaped to receive a heater, wherein the heater is adapted to maintain the temperature of the inner member above the melting point of the material, the outer surface defining a second recess sized and shaped to receive a seal adapted to seat against the female connector; and
a generally cylindrical outer member encompassing the inner member, and defining a channel between the inner member and the outer member, the channel sized and shaped to receive the female connector, the outer member having an generally outwardly tapered end.

8. The launder assembly of claim 6, further comprising:
a link assembly attached to the second member and detachably connected to the shot sleeve assembly;
an arm pivotally attached to link assembly;
a handle attached to the arm;
an attachment member pivotally attached between the second member and the arm for movement of the handle and link assembly between a secured position and unsecured position.

9. The launder assembly of claim 6, further comprising:
a first mount;
a bearing attached to the first mount adapted for alignment of the first member;
a second mount attached to the bearing;
a lower block moveably engaged with the second mount for forward and rearward movement;
an upper block operatively connected to the lower block with guides, the upper block adapted to move upwards and downwards with respect to forward and rearward movement of the lower block;
a post extending generally upwardly from the upper block, the post being engaged with the first member;
a compression washer coupled with the post and seated against the first member;
a lead screw block attached to the second mount and juxtaposed with the upper block and lower block; and
a lead screw threaded through the lead screw block and operatively engaged with the lower block for adjustment forwards and rearwards and respective upward and downward movement of the upper block to respectively increase and decrease the elevation of the first member.

10. A launder assembly for a die casting apparatus having a plurality of shot sleeve assemblies, the launder assembly comprising:
a reservoir containing molten material;
a first member having an first inlet in fluid communication with the reservoir, and a first outlet;
a plurality of second members, each second member having a second outlet detachably coupled to respective shot sleeve assemblies and a second inlet detachably coupled to the first outlet of the first member to form a pathway for communicating molten material from the reservoir to the to each respective shot sleeve assembly;
an alignment assembly attached to the first member, the alignment assembly adapted to move the first member relative to the second member for proper alignment between the first outlet of the first member and the second inlet of the second member;
a transfer mechanism sized and shaped to transfer molten material from the reservoir through the first member and the second member to the shot sleeve assembly:
a pipe having a pipe inlet and a pipe outlet, the pipe being sized and shaped to communicate molten material; a heater positioned in thermal communication with the pipe, the heater being adapted to maintain the temperature of the pipe above the melting point of the molten material; insulation sized and shaped to generally encase an outer surface of the pipe; a casing surrounding the pipe, the heater, and the insulation; and a female connector seated against the pipe outlet and secured by the casing, wherein the female connector comprising a generally cylindrical inner member having an outer surface, the outer surface defining a recess sized and shaped to receive the heater, wherein the heater is adapted to maintain the temperature of the inner member above the melting point of the material, the inner member having a generally outwardly tapered end; a generally cylindrical outer member having an inner surface sized and shaped to seat against the outer surface of the inner member, the outer member having an generally inwardly tapered end sized and shaped to seat against the generally outwardly tapered end of the inner member, wherein the inner member and outer member are sized and shaped to detachably couple with each second member to form a seal that prohibits leakage of molten material therefrom; and a generally annular ring extending outwardly from the outer member sized and shaped to seat against the casing.

11. The second member of claim 10, further comprising:
a pipe having a pipe inlet and a pipe outlet, the pipe being sized and shaped to communicate molten material;
a heater positioned in thermal communication with the pipe, the heater being adapted to maintain the temperature of the pipe above the melting point of the molten material;
insulation sized and shaped to generally encase an outer surface of the pipe;
a casing surrounding the pipe, the heater, and the insulation; and
a male connector seated against the pipe outlet and secured by the casing.

12. The male connector of claim 11, further comprising:
a generally cylindrical inner member having an outer surface, the outer surface defining a first recess sized and shaped to receive a heater, wherein the heater is adapted to maintain the temperature of the inner member above the melting point of the material, the outer surface defining a second recess sized and shaped to receive a seal adapted to seat against the first member;
a generally cylindrical outer member encompassing the inner member, and defining a channel between the inner member and the outer member, the channel sized and shaped to receive the first member, the outer member having an generally outwardly tapered end.

13. The launder assembly of claim 10, further comprising:
a link assembly attached to the second member and detachably connected to the shot sleeve assembly;
an arm pivotally attached to link assembly;
a handle attached to the arm;
an attachment member pivotally attached between the second member and the arm for movement of the handle and link assembly between a secured position and unsecured position.

14. The launder assembly of claim 10, further comprising:
a first mount;
a bearing attached to the first mount adapted for alignment of the first member;
a second mount attached to the bearing;
a lower block moveably engaged with the second mount for forward and rearward movement;
an upper block operatively connected to the lower block with guides, the upper block adapted to move upwards and downwards with respect to forward and rearward movement of the lower block;
a post extending generally upwardly from the upper block, the post being engaged with the first member;
a compression washer coupled with the post and seated against the first member;
a lead screw block attached to the second mount and juxtaposed with the upper block and lower block; and
a lead screw threaded through the lead screw block and operatively engaged with the lower block for adjustment forwards and rearwards and respective upward and downward movement of the upper block to respectively increase and decrease the elevation of the first member.