# Patent

## Title
Flocked transfer and article of manufacture including the flocked transfer

## Abstract

A flocked transfer is produced by applying a release agent to a release sheet and then applying the flocking to the release agent. Unlike the traditional method, a binder and hot melt film is not applied to the back of the flock. The transfer (which is essentially a flocked release sheet) is then applied to a substrate (i.e., an item of clothing, a rubber pad, etc.) by positioning a sheet of thermosetting hot melt film on the substrate; placing the transfer on the hot melt film with the flock in contact with the hot melt film; and applying heat and pressure. The heat melts the thermosetting hot melt film to bind the flock to the substrate and binds the flocking together. This method reduces the costs involved in producing flocked articles, especially for articles produced on a continuous basis.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Not Applicable
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not Applicable.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to flocked transfers, and, in particular, to an improved method of making flocked transfers which can reduce the cost and time required of producing transfers by a significant amount.
Heretofore, flocked transfers have generally been produced by applying a release agent to a release sheet. The flocking is applied to the release sheet in the desired pattern. A binder and a permanent hot melt adhesive are applied to the back of the flocking, and the transfer is allowed to dry. The binder is required hold the flocking in the desired pattern. The hot melt adhesive, which is applied to the transfer as a powder, is used to adhere the transfer to a substrate, such as an article of clothing, a neoprene pad, etc. The transfer is applied to the substrate by placing the transfer on the substrate with the dried hot melt adhesive in contact with the substrate. Heat, such as from an iron, is then applied to the release sheet. The heat melts the hot melt adhesive to cause hot melt adhesive to flow into intimate contact with the substrate, forming a mechanical and molecular bond with the substrate. The release agent then allows for the release sheet to be removed from the transfer, leaving the flocking exposed on the substrate.
This traditional method has worked well for years. However, the method can be improved upon to reduce the cost of producing the transfer, and hence, the cost of the item containing the transfer.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, generally stated, a flocked transfer of the present invention is produced by applying a release agent to a release sheet and then applying the flocking to the release agent. Unlike the traditional method, a binder and adhesive are not applied to the ends of the flock.
To form an article of manufacture with the flocked transfer, a thermosetting adhesive film (in the form of a sheet or cut to shape) is positioned on the substrate to which the transfer is to be applied. The thermosetting film is preferably a polyester or polyurethane film, but can be any thermosetting film. The flock with the release adhesive and release sheet (i.e., the transfer) is then placed on the sheet of permanent adhesive film with the release sheet up, so that the flocking is in contact with the permanent adhesive film. Heat is then applied to the transfer. The heat melts the permanent adhesive film, and secures the flock to the substrate. Because the permanent adhesive film is thermosetting in one embodiment, even if it is subsequently subjected to heat, it will not remelt, nor become tacky, and hence, there is no risk of fibers becoming matted down in any of this type of adhesive, which could otherwise ruin the plush pile effect. In addition, it is likely that the use of a thermoset powder could be added to a bond print latex flock adhesive binder, to serve as a method for increasing the adhesion and again reducing the risk of any remelting, or becoming tacky, when the flock transfer is subsequently exposed to heat. It is known that there is a much stronger adhesion with thermosetting materials, because thermoset materials will cross-link with a chemical reaction and thereby adhere the flock fibers to it, which become chemically attached thereto. Through the usage of this invention, the finished flock surface is more plush, soft, because more of the fiber is exposed and extends upwardly out of the adhesive, than with the screen-printed latex, as currently used. Also, this affords better soil release during washing or cleaning because of less fiber/adhesive entanglement occurs with the flock, during application.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art flock transfer;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a flock transfer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the transfer, a permanent adhesive sheet, and a substrate used to make an article of manufacture;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an article of manufacture using the transfer of the present invention, showing a part of the transfer applied to part of the substrate and a part of the transfer and permanent adhesive film spaced from the substrate; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing of a process for continuously producing articles of manufacture, such as mouse pads, coasters, etc.



Corresponding reference numerals will be used throughout the several figures of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following detailed description illustrates the invention by way of example and not by way of limitation. This description will clearly enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention, including what I presently believe is the best mode of carrying out the invention.
A prior art flocked transfer 101 is shown in FIG. 1. As is known, such transfers include a dimensionally stable release sheet 103 to which a conventional flock transfer release adhesive 105 is applied in a pattern which corresponds to the overall image to be flocked. The flock 107 is then electrostatically coated into the release adhesive 105. A binder adhesive 109 is applied to the exposed ends of the flock to bind the flock together as a unit. Lastly, a hot melt adhesive film 111 is applied. The transfer is then allowed to dry. The transfer is applied to a substrate, as is known, by positioning the transfer on a substrate, such as a shirt or other item of clothing, with the hot melt adhesive in contact with the substrate, and applying heat to the transfer. The heat activates the hot melt adhesive to adhere the transfer to the substrate.
This process is described in my prior patent, U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,549, as well as in my co-pending application Ser. No. 09/548,839 filed Apr. 13, 2000, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,549, a plush textured multicolored flock is disclosed in which differing colors of flock having a length greater than 0.3 mm are applied sequentially to a release adhesive coated base sheet through predetermined areas of masked screens. The applied flock is thereafter coated with a binder adhesive, such as a liquid water-based acrylic (40-60% water), which binds the flock into a unit. In one configuration, the binder adhesive contains an additional adhesive, such as a hot melt, for binding the transfer to a substrate. In an alternative configuration, the hot melt adhesive (which is usually a granular polyester or nylon) is formed as a separate layer. U.S. application Ser. No. 09/548,839, filed Apr. 13, 2000, discloses a mouse pad produced by applying differently colored flock (having a length of 1 mm and 3.3 Dtex) electrostatically through a screen to a release adhesive-coated paper sheet. A binder adhesive, such as a water-based acrylic, is screen printed to the flock after contacting the release adhesive. The binder adhesive may contain a hot melt or the hot melt may be applied to the free surface of the binder adhesive. The hot melt adhesive is bonded to a surface, such as a rubber pad, using heat and pressure. The release adhesive and paper sheet are then removed. In one process configuration, a flock-coated adhesive carrier sheet, a solid pre-formed binder adhesive film or heat seal film, and the rubber base material are thermally fused together in a drying oven.
A flocked transfer 1 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2. The transfer 1 of the present invention includes a release sheet 3 to which a conventional release agent 5, such as wax, has been applied. The release agent is applied to the sheet in the shape of the pattern of the flocking. Flocking 7 is then applied to the release agent, and hence to the release sheet, to form the transfer. The flocking 7 is applied, for example, in the manner as described in my prior patent, U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,549, which is incorporated herein by reference. Unlike the prior art processes, the transfer 1 of this embodiment is made without the use of a binder adhesive or a hot melt adhesive. As is discussed below, a thermosetting film is used to adhere the transfer to a substrate.
An article of manufacture, such as an item of clothing having a transfer 1 applied thereto, a mouse pad, coaster, or other item having a flocked surface is easily produced using the transfer 1. The article of manufacture 11 is produced by positioning a thermosetting permanent adhesive sheet 13 between a substrate 15 and the flocked release sheet. The sheet is, for example, a sheet of thermosetting polyester, available from Bostik, Inc. The sheet can also be made from a thermosetting polyurethane. Any other thermosetting film should also work well. The substrate can be an item of clothing, a rubber pad (for producing a mouse pad or coaster), etc. The sheet can be precut to correspond to the shape of the transfer 1. The transfer 1 is then positioned on the sheet with the flock 5 against the sheet 13. Heat is applied to the transfer through the release sheet to activate the permanent adhesive sheet. The sheet then acts to both bind the flock 5 together and to adhere the flock 5 to the substrate 15. Preferably, to assemble the article, the flocked release sheet, the permanent adhesive sheet (which is preferably the thermosetting film), and the substrate are brought together and passed through a heat-laminating press where the three parts are subject to temperature of about 300° F. (about 150° C.) and pressure (about 40-50 psi) for about 30 seconds. It has been found that a medium-to-firm pressure has been most advantageous in providing for assembly of this type of plush flocked transfer. The pressure and heat will cause the permanent adhesive sheet to adhere to the flock and the substrate. Additionally, the thermosetting film will cross-link or cure, to give a strong attachment of the flock to the substrate.
Articles, such as mouse pads or coasters, in which the entire top surface of the article is covered with the flocking can be produced on a continuous basis, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5. Rolls 21, 23, and 25 of a flocked release sheet 1, the thermoplastic hot melt film 13, and the substrate 15, are provided. The three parts are brought together at a lamination station 33. Rollers can be provided in front of the station 33 so that the three elements are adjacent each other as they enter the lamination station. Rollers can be provided in front of the station 33 so that the three elements are adjacent as they enter the lamination station. In the lamination station, heat and pressure are applied to the three sheets (the flocked release sheet, the hot melt film, and the substrate) to melt the hot melt film. The melted hot melt film will then cure or cross-link, as noted above, to adhere the flock to the substrate. A web 35 exits the laminating station. The web 35 is then allowed to cool. The web 35 is ultimately directed to a cutting station where it is cut into individual articles. Once the web 35 is cooled, it can be directed immediately to a cutting station (after the sheet 35 cools), or can it can be wound up on an uptake roller to be cut into individual articles at a later time, or at a different location. At the cutting station, the release sheet 3 is removed from the flock and gathered on a take-up roll or is otherwise disposed of. After the release sheet has been removed from the flock, the substrate with the flock adhered thereto is cut to for the articles 11. It is also likely that one could remove the release liner either before or after the die cutting procedure. As shown in FIG. 3, a fringe material 50 can be applied to one pair but not the other pair of opposed peripheral edges of the flocked release sheet 1 during this manufacturing process.
Preferably, the release sheet is flocked and supplied in roll form as shown in FIG. 5. However, the flocking of the release sheet could be made part of the process.
To produce flocked articles, such as shirts, jackets, etc., which cannot be easily flocked on a continuous basis, the permanent adhesive sheet can be applied to the transfer 1 prior to applying the transfer to the substrate. To do this, the thermosetting film is placed in contact with the flock of the transfer, and the transfer and release sheet are heated to a temperature at which the thermosetting film become tacky, but below the temperature at which the thermosetting film begins to cure and cross-link. This will adhere the thermosetting film to the transfer 1 to form a transfer which can later be applied to an article by positioned the transfer with the thermosetting film in position on the article (i.e., piece of clothing) and applying heat and pressure to the transfer, for example, with an iron, sufficient to melt the thermosetting film, to cause the film to cure and cross-link.
The method eliminates two steps from the prior art method: (1) application of the binder adhesive and (2) application, cleaning, sintering, and drying of the hot melt adhesive. In a continuous process, the present method also eliminates a station for applying the binder and hot melt adhesives as well as a station for drying the completed transfer. Because a station is not needed to apply (i.e., print) the binder and hot melt adhesives to the flocking as part of the transfer, the machinery required to produce the article 11 is much less expensive (both in actual costs and in maintenance costs). Additionally, because the binder adhesive and hot melt adhesive is not used, the cost of the article of manufacture is significantly reduced.
As various changes could be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

## Claims

1. A flocked transfer comprising:
a release sheet;
a release agent on the release sheet;
a plurality of flock fibers on the release agent, the flock fibers being formed in a desired pattern on the release sheet and being substantially perpendicular to the sheet, the release agent holding the flock fibers to the release sheet;
a pre-formed, solid, and self-supporting thermosetting sheet, wherein at least substantially all of the flock fibers oriented substantially perpendicular to the release sheet contact the thermosetting sheet;
and wherein there is no binder adhesive positioned between the thermosetting sheet and the flock.

2. An article of manufacture including the transfer of claim 1, wherein the transfer is adhered to a substrate and wherein there is no hot melt adhesive contacting the thermosetting sheet.

3. The article of manufacture of claim 2, wherein the transfer is adhered to the substrate using the thermosetting sheet.

4. The article of claim 3, wherein the thermosetting sheet is a thermosetting polyurethane film or a thermosetting polyester film.

5. The flocked transfer of claim 1, wherein the thermosetting sheet comprises a thermosetting polyester.

6. The flocked transfer of claim 1, wherein the thermosetting sheet has a substantially uniform thickness and substantially flat upper and lower surfaces.

7. The flocked transfer of claim 1, wherein substantially none of the thermosetting sheet fails to contact the flock.

8. The flocked transfer of claim 1, wherein said flocked transfer does not include a substrate.

9. The flocked transfer of claim 1, wherein there is no hot melt adhesive between the second ends of the flock fibers and the thermosetting sheet.

10. The flocked transfer of claim 1, wherein there is no acrylic adhesive positioned between the thermosetting sheet and the flock.

11. A flocked transfer assembly, comprising:
a release sheet;
a release agent on the release sheet;
flock fibers on the release agent; the flock fibers having opposing first and second ends, wherein the flock fibers are formed in a desired pattern on the release sheet, the release agent being located between the flock fibers and the release sheet and holding the first ends of the flock fibers to the release sheet; and
a pre-formed, solid, continuous, and self-supporting thermosetting sheet engaging the second ends of the flock fibers, the flock fibers being located between the release agent and the thermosetting sheet, wherein the second ends of the flock fibers are in direct physical contact with and adhered to the thermosetting sheet.

12. The flocked transfer assembly of claim 11, wherein the thermosetting sheet comprises polyurethane.

13. The flocked transfer assembly of claim 11, wherein the thermosetting sheet is cross-linked and wherein the thermosetting sheet is not in contact with a hot melt adhesive.

14. The flocked transfer assembly of claim 11, wherein there is no binder adhesive located between the thermosetting sheet and the second ends of the flock fibers.

15. The flocked transfer assembly of claim 11, wherein the thermosetting sheet is not fully cross-linked.

16. The flocked transfer assembly of claim 11, wherein the adhesive component of the thermosetting sheet consists essentially of a thermosetting material.

17. The flocked transfer assembly of claim 11, wherein the thermosetting sheet comprises a thermosetting polyester.

18. The flocked transfer assembly of claim 11, wherein there is no binder adhesive between the second surface of the flock and the thermosetting sheet.

19. The flocked transfer of claim 11, wherein substantially none of the thermosetting sheet fails to contact the second surface of the flock.

20. The flocked transfer of claim 11, wherein said flocked transfer assembly does not include a substrate.

21. The flocked transfer of claim 11, wherein the thermosetting sheet has a substantially uniform thickness and substantially flat upper and lower surfaces and wherein at least most of the flock fibers are substantially perpendicular to planes of the upper and lower surfaces and the release sheet.

22. The flocked transfer assembly of claim 11, wherein the flock fibers are embedded in the thermosetting sheet.

23. The flocked transfer assembly of claim 11, wherein at least most of the plurality of flock fibers are in direct physical contact with the thermosetting sheet.

24. The flocked transfer assembly of claim 11, wherein there is no acrylic adhesive in direct physical contact with the second ends of the flock.

25. A flocked article, comprising:
a release sheet;
a release agent on the release sheet;
flock contacting the release agent, the flock being formed in a desired pattern on the release sheet and defining opposing first and second surfaces, the release agent contacting the first surface and holding the flock to the release sheet;
a pre-formed, solid, and self-supporting thermosetting sheet having a first side engaging the second surface of the flock and an opposing second side; and
a substrate adhered to a second side of said thermosetting sheet;
wherein at least substantially most of the second surface is adhered to the thermosetting sheet; and
wherein there is no binder adhesive positioned between the flock and the substrate.

26. The article of claim 25, wherein there is no hot melt adhesive between the flock and the substrate.

27. The article of claim 26, wherein the thermosetting sheet is a thermosetting polyurethane film or a thermosetting polyester film.

28. The flocked article of claim 25, wherein the thermosetting sheet is in direct contact with the second surface of the flock.

29. The article of claim 26, wherein the thermosetting sheet is cross-linked and wherein the thermosetting sheet is adhered to the second surface of the flock in the absence of a binder adhesive.

30. The flocked article of claim 25, wherein there is no binder adhesive located between the thermosetting sheet and the second surface of the flock.

31. The flocked article of claim 25, wherein the second surface of the flock is free of an acrylic adhesive.

32. The flocked article of claim 25, wherein the thermosetting adhesive is not fully cross-linked.

33. The flocked article of claim 25, wherein the flock comprises a plurality of flock fibers.

34. The flocked article of claim 25, wherein the thermosetting sheet comprises polyurethane.

35. The flocked article of claim 25, wherein there is no binder adhesive between the substrate and the second surface of the flock.

36. The article of claim 25, wherein the substrate comprises rubber.

37. The flocked article of claim 25, wherein the flock comprises a plurality of flock fibers, and wherein at least most of the plurality of flock fibers are in direct physical contact with the thermosetting sheet.

38. The flocked article of claim 25, wherein the second surface of the flock is in direct physical contact with the thermosetting sheet.

39. The flocked article of claim 38, wherein the flock comprises a plurality of flock fibers, and wherein at least most of the plurality of flock fibers are in direct physical contact with the thermosetting sheet.

40. The flocked article of claim 25, wherein the adhesive component of the sheet consists essentially of a thermosetting material.

41. The flocked transfer assembly of claim 25, wherein the thermosetting sheet comprises a thermosetting polyester.

42. The flocked article of claim 25, wherein the thermosetting sheet has a substantially uniform thickness and substantially flat upper and lower surfaces.

43. The flocked article of claim 25, wherein substantially none of the thermosetting sheet fails to contact the second surface of the flock.

44. The flocked transfer of claim 25, wherein there is no hot melt adhesive between the second surface of the flock and the first side of the thermosetting sheet.