[Cite as State v. Asadi-Ousley, 2017-Ohio-7252.]

[Please see vacated opinion at 2017-Ohio-2652.] 

Court of Appeals of Ohio

EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

 COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

 No. 104267

STATE OF OHIO

PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE

vs.

ASA J. ASADI-OUSLEY

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT 

JUDGMENT:

AFFIRMED 

Criminal Appeal from the 

Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas 

Case No. CR-15-597885-A 

BEFORE: E.T. Gallagher, J., Jones, P.J., and Kilbane, J. 

RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: August 17, 2017 
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

Britta M. Barthol 

P.O. Box 670218 

Northfield, Ohio 44067 

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Michael C. O’Malley 

Cuyahoga County Prosecutor 

BY: Mary Weston 

Assistant County Prosecutor 

The Justice Center, 8th Floor 

1200 Ontario Street 

Cleveland, Ohio 44113 
ON RECONSIDERATION1

EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J.: 

{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Asa J. Asadi-Ousley (“Asadi-Ousley”), appeals his 

convictions and sentence for rape, felonious assault, kidnapping, and his sexually violent 

predator conviction. He raises the following assignments of error for review: 

1. The trial court erred in failing to grant trial counsel’s motion to continue 

trial. 

2. The evidence was insufficient as a matter of law to support a finding 

beyond a reasonable doubt that [Asadi-Ousley] was guilty of the sexually 

violent predator specification attached to [Counts 1, 2, and 7] of the 

indictment. 

3. [Asadi-Ousley’s] convictions for rape, felonious assault, kidnapping, and 

the sexual predator specification were against the weight of the evidence. 

4. The trial court erred when it failed to merge the sentences imposed in 

[Counts 1, 2, and 7] as they are allied offenses of similar import. 

5. [Asadi-Ousley] was denied his right to effective assistance of counsel 

guaranteed by Article I, Section 10 of the Ohio Constitution and the Sixth 

and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution when his 

attorney failed to argue that [Asadi-Ousley’s] convictions for rape, 

felonious assault, and kidnapping were allied offenses of similar import. 

{¶2} After careful review of the record and relevant case law, we affirm 

Asadi-Ousley’s convictions and sentence. 

 1 The original decision in this appeal, State v. Asadi-Ousley, 8th Dist. 

Cuyahoga No. 104267, 2017-Ohio-2652, released May 4, 2017, is hereby vacated. 

This opinion, issued upon reconsideration, is the court’s journalized decision in this 

appeal. See App.R. 22(C); see also S.Ct.Prac.R. 7.01. 
I. Procedural and Factual History

{¶3} In July 2015, Asadi-Ousley was charged in a seven-count indictment. 

Counts 1 and 2 charged him with rape, and each count carried a sexually violent 

predator specification. Counts 3 and 4 charged him with aggravated robbery. Count 5 

charged him with felonious assault, and Counts 6 and 7 charged him with kidnapping. 

{¶4} The matter proceeded to a jury trial, at which the following evidence was 

adduced.2

{¶5} Sometime around October 2008, T.M. moved from Huron, Ohio, to 

Cleveland to live with her boyfriend and his father. They lived in a duplex near the 

intersection of East 140th Street and Kinsman in Cleveland. T.M. had never lived in 

Cleveland and was unfamiliar with the neighborhood. On December 31, 2008, T.M. 

decided to spend New Year’s Eve with some friends she recently made. T.M. testified 

that she had consumed two alcoholic drinks and smoked some marijuana with her friends. 

 Around 10:30 p.m., one of her friends drove her home so she could watch the New 

Year’s festivities on television with her boyfriend. When she arrived, however, her 

boyfriend and his father were not home. The apartment did not have a phone so T.M. 

could not call anyone. Since no one was home, T.M. decided to walk to the corner store 

to buy some beer to drink while she watched the ball drop in Times Square on television. 

T.M. walked to the store around 10:45 p.m. and bought a can of beer. As she was 

 2 The sexually violent predator specification was tried before the bench. At 

the conclusion of trial, the court found Asadi-Ousley guilty of the specification. 
walking back home, a man grabbed her from behind and held a knife against her neck. 

He told her not to scream or he would kill her. T.M. testified that she believed she heard 

two voices. The attacker covered her mouth with his hand. T.M. testified that she never 

observed her attacker’s face because he approached her from behind. With the knife 

held to her neck, the attacker pushed T.M., forcing her into an alleyway. The attacker 

then struck T.M. in the back of her head and she lost consciousness. T.M. referred to the 

alley as “the cut.” She described it as an area between a house and a building. 

{¶6} T.M. awoke to find herself on the ground in the alley, her lip and nose were 

bleeding, her vagina was sore, and her head hurt. Her shirt was ripped open and her 

pants and underwear were pulled down. She testified that she realized that she had been 

raped. Her can of beer and three dollars in change were gone. T.M. walked out of the 

alleyway and headed back home. She called her boyfriend from a payphone on her way 

back, but her attempt to reach him was unsuccessful. A boy she recognized from the 

neighborhood saw her walking and helped her make it back home. When T.M. arrived 

home, the house was still empty.3

 She laid in bed and cried. T.M. testified that she had 

suffered from depression when she was a teenager. She stayed in bed until the morning 

of January 3, 2009, when she went to her neighbor’s house and called her boyfriend and 

her mother, J.H. She told them what had happened. T.M.’s mother and boyfriend both 

 3 T.M. testified that her boyfriend did not return home until after she was 

discharged from the hospital. T.M. testified that it was not unusual for her 

boyfriend to be away for long periods of time because he did not drive and did not 

have money for bus fare. 
advised her to go the hospital. J.H. testified that she remembered getting the phone call 

from T.M. She still remembers that phone call because of how distraught T.M. sounded. 

 T.M. was scared and crying hysterically. 

{¶7} T.M. then called an ambulance and was transported to the hospital. She 

brought the clothes she wore on the night of the attack with her to the hospital. T.M. 

spoke with police officers at the hospital, and a nurse performed a sexual assault kit on 

T.M. 

{¶8} Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Deanna Johnson (“Nurse Johnson”) 

performed T.M.’s examination. Nurse Johnson testified that T.M. had vaginal pain and 

bleeding and was crying during the examination. Nurse Johnson further testified that 

T.M. disclosed she had been raped vaginally by strangers, one of whom had a knife, and 

had been struck in the head and lost consciousness. Nurse Johnson observed a scratch on 

T.M.’s neck consistent with T.M.’s report of having a knife held to her neck. Nurse 

Johnson collected samples for the sexual assault kit and collected T.M.’s clothing. 

{¶9} Cleveland Police Officer Jenae Treece (“Officer Treece”) responded to the 

report of T.M.’s rape and spoke to T.M. at the hospital. T.M. told her that one or 

possibly two suspects were involved in the attack, one of which had a knife. Officer 

Treece testified that T.M. had a scratch on her neck consistent with a knife being held 

there. No suspect was identified during her investigation. Officer Treece described the 

area where T.M. was attacked as being between East 139th Street and East 140th Street, 

behind a beauty supply store. 
{¶10} T.M. moved to West Virginia after the incident. Almost seven years later, 

sometime in 2015, Cleveland police contacted T.M. The officers had her look at some 

photographs to identify her attacker, but she was unable to do so because she never saw 

his face. T.M. could not identify Asadi-Ousley at trial as her attacker. 

{¶11} Jade McDaniel, a forensic scientist employed with the Ohio Bureau of 

Criminal Investigation (“BCI”) testified that T.M.’s sexual assault kit was delivered to the 

BCI lab on March 19, 2014, for DNA testing. She performed the DNA testing in this 

case. The vaginal samples revealed a mixture of DNA profiles consisting of T.M. and an 

unknown male. A sample from T.M.’s underwear had a mixture of DNA profiles 

consistent with T.M.’s and an unknown male. 

{¶12} On March 6, 2015, the lab received a DNA sample from Asadi-Ousley. 

McDaniel compared Asadi-Ousley’s DNA sample with the samples in the kit. McDaniel 

testified that Asadi-Ousley’s DNA was found in T.M.’s vaginal samples and on T.M.’s 

underwear. 

{¶13} At the conclusion of trial, the jury found Asadi-Ousley guilty of both rape 

counts, felonious assault, and both kidnapping counts. At sentencing, the trial court 

merged the rape counts into one count (Count 2) and merged the kidnapping counts into 

one count (Count 7). The trial court sentenced Asadi-Ousley to 15 years to life in prison 

on each of Counts 2 and 7 and eight years in prison on Count 5. The court ordered that 

the sentences be served concurrently for an aggregate of 15 years to life in prison. 

A. Motion to Continue
{¶14} In his first assignment of error, Asadi-Ousley argues the trial court erred 

when it did not grant his December 29, 2015 motion to continue trial. 

{¶15} The decision to grant or deny a motion to continue trial is left to the broad 

and sound discretion of the trial judge, and an appellate court may not disturb the trial 

court’s ruling absent an abuse of discretion. Cleveland v. Washington, 8th Dist. 

Cuyahoga Nos. 97945 and 97946, 2013-Ohio-367, ¶ 11, citing State v. Unger, 67 Ohio 

St.2d 65, 423 N.E.2d 1078 (1981). “The term ‘abuse of discretion’ connotes more than 

an error of law or judgment; it implies that the court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary 

or unconscionable.” (Citations omitted.) Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 

219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983), quoting State v. Adams, 62 Ohio St.2d 151, 404 N.E.2d 

144 (1980). 

{¶16} A reviewing court determines on a case-by-case basis whether the trial 

court’s denial of a continuance motion was so arbitrary as to deprive the defendant of due 

process, paying particular attention to the reasons presented to the trial judge at the time 

the request was denied. Unger at 67. In determining whether the trial court abused its 

discretion, an appellate court weighs “any potential prejudice to a defendant [against] 

concerns such as a court’s right to control its own docket and the public’s interest in the 

prompt and efficient dispatch of justice.” Id. The Unger court stated: 

In evaluating a motion for a continuance, a court should note, inter alia: the 

length of the delay requested; whether other continuances have been 

requested and received; the inconvenience to litigants, witnesses, opposing 

counsel and the court; whether the requested delay is for legitimate reasons 

or whether it is dilatory, purposeful, or contrived; whether the defendant 

contributed to the circumstance which gives rise to the request for a 
continuance; and other relevant factors, depending on the unique facts of 

each case. See United States v. Burton, supra; Giacalone v. Lucas, supra. 

Id. at 67-68. 

{¶17} In this case, Asadi-Ousley had an initial trial date of October 28, 2015. On 

October 12, 2015, Asadi-Ousley filed a motion to continue the trial date. The trial court 

granted this motion and set a new trial date of December 2, 2015. On November 29, 

2015, Asadi-Ousley filed his second motion to continue trial because defense counsel had 

not fully recovered from eye surgery on his right eye and had eye surgery scheduled for 

his left eye on December 4, 2015. Within the motion, defense counsel anticipated he 

would need 30 days to recover. The trial court granted Asadi-Ousley’s motion to 

continue the second trial date and set a trial date of January 4, 2016. Then on December 

29, 2015, Asadi-Ousley filed a third motion to continue trial because defense counsel had 

not fully recovered from the December 4, 2015 surgery. On January 4, 2016, the trial 

court addressed Asadi-Ousley’s third motion on the record as follows: 

THE COURT: [defense counsel], you made a motion to continue the trial 

once again based on your eyesight once again, is that correct? 

[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: That’s correct, Your Honor. 

THE COURT: We talked about this outside of the presence of the court 

reporter off the record and you correct me if I’m wrong, [defense counsel], I 

believe you indicated you could start today, that you are having trouble 

seeing and you sometimes need a magnifier or magnifying glass? 

[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: I’m using my eyeglasses today. I’m improving 

all the time, I’m just not all the way back. 

THE COURT: So what we had discussed outside of your client’s presence 

and not on the record was that I would tell the jury at the beginning when I 
introduce you that you did have this recent cataract surgery and your 

eyesight is not 100 percent, so if you seem unsure or unsteady on your feet 

or it takes you awhile to read something, that’s because of your surgery and 

not to make any inference. 

[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: That is correct. 

THE COURT: Would that be sufficient for you, [defense counsel]? 

[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Yes. I just have the depth perception problem. 

I may reach for something that’s a little bit further than it appears, so I’m 

sometimes unsteady on my feet. 

THE COURT: So I’ll make my remarks, but certainly feel free to say what 

you would like to say about the situation during the course of your voir dire 

to the jurors. 

[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Your Honor, I fully discussed everything with 

my client and I’m — we are prepared to go forward. 

{¶18} The court denied the motion and Asadi-Ousley went forward with trial. 
{¶19} A review of this record reveals that Asadi-Ousley’s defense counsel 

affirmatively waived Asadi-Ousley’s third motion to continue on the day of trial when he 

told the trial court that they were, in fact, prepared to go forward that day. Moreover, 

when applying the Unger factors to the instant case, we cannot conclude that the trial 

court’s denial of Asadi-Ousley’s third continuance was unreasonable. The trial court 

continued trial on two prior occasions at Asadi-Ousley’s request, and the multiple court 

dates caused inconvenience to the state’s witnesses who had to travel to Cuyahoga 

County to testify (T.M. traveled from West Virginia, J.H. traveled from Huron, Ohio, and 

McDaniel traveled from Richfield, Ohio). The trial court held a brief hearing and 

inquired in depth of the continuance request. Given these facts, we cannot say that the 

trial court’s decision to deny Asadi-Ousley’s third motion for continuance was 

unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. 

{¶20} Therefore, the first assignment of error is overruled. 

B. Sufficiency of the Evidence

{¶21} In his second assignment of error, Asadi-Ousley argues there is insufficient 

evidence to support a finding that he is a sexually violent predator. 

{¶22} In State v. Diar, 120 Ohio St.3d 460, 2008-Ohio-6266, 900 N.E.2d 565, ¶ 

113, the Ohio Supreme Court explained the standard for sufficiency of the evidence as 

follows: 

Raising the question of whether the evidence is legally sufficient to support 

the jury verdict as a matter of law invokes a due process concern. State v. 

Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386, 1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 541. In 

reviewing such a challenge, “[t]he relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing 
the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier 

of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond 

a reasonable doubt.” State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492 

(1991), paragraph two of the syllabus, following Jackson v. Virginia, 443 

U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979). 

{¶23} We are mindful that in considering the sufficiency of evidence a certain 

perspective is required. State v. Eley, 56 Ohio St.2d 169, 172, 383 N.E.2d 132 (1978). 

“This court’s examination of the record at trial is limited to a determination of whether 

there was evidence presented, ‘which, if believed, would convince the average mind of 

the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.’” Id., quoting Atkins v. State, 115 Ohio 

St. 542, 546, 155 N.E. 189 (1926). It is the minds of the trier of fact, rather than a 

reviewing court, that must be convinced. State v. Thomas, 70 Ohio St.2d 79, 80, 434 

N.E.2d 1356 (1982). 

{¶24} In the instant case, the trial court found Asadi-Ousley guilty of the sexually 

violent predator specification as set forth in R.C. 2971.01(H)(1), which 

defines a “sexually violent predator” as “a person who, on or after January l, l997, 

commits a sexually violent offense and is likely to engage in the future in one or more 

sexually violent offenses.” R.C. 2971.01(H)(2)(a)-(f) lists the factors that may be 

considered by the factfinder as evidence tending to indicate that there is a likelihood that 

the person will engage in the future in one or more sexually violent offenses. It provides: 

(a) The person has been convicted two or more times, in separate criminal 

actions, of a sexually oriented offense or a child-victim oriented offense. 

For purposes of this division, convictions that result from or are connected 

with the same act or result from offenses committed at the same time are 

one conviction, and a conviction set aside pursuant to law is not a 

conviction. 
(b) The person has a documented history from childhood, into the juvenile 

developmental years, that exhibits sexually deviant behavior. 

(c) Available information or evidence suggests that the person chronically 

commits offenses with a sexual motivation. 

(d) The person has committed one or more offenses in which the person has 

tortured or engaged in ritualistic acts with one or more victims. 

(e) The person has committed one or more offenses in which one or more 

victims were physically harmed to the degree that the particular victim’s life 

was in jeopardy. 

(f) Any other relevant evidence. 

{¶25} Asadi-Ousley argues there is no documented history of past sexually violent 

offenses, no proof that his behavior is chronic to a degree that it would be likely he would 

offend again, and no proof he behaved in a manner that could be construed as torturous 

or ritualistic. 

{¶26} While Asadi-Ousley has had several prior convictions for violent offenses, 

the convictions in the instant case were his first for sexually oriented offenses. This 

court, however, has previously held that the sexually violent predator statute does not 

require a defendant to have a prior conviction for a sexually oriented offense to be found 

guilty of a sexually violent predator specification. State v. Mitchell, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga 

No. 94287, 2010-Ohio-5775 ¶ 26. 

{¶27} Moreover, in determining that Asadi-Ousley is a sexually violent predator, a 

review of the record reveals the trial court considered the harm he caused to T.M. and 
Asadi-Ousley’s prior criminal record (convictions for aggravated robbery with a gun, 

robbery, burglary, and having a weapon while under disability). The court stated: 

[B]ased on the facts of this particular case and based on his violent record, 

I do find him to be a sexually violent predator and find him guilty of the 

sexually violent predator specification beyond a reasonable doubt. 

Obviously aggravated robbery, burglary, having a weapon under disability 

and robbery are all offenses of a serious nature and the one was with a 

weapon, a firearm, so obviously that’s incredibly serious and in this 

particular case, he snatched a woman walking down the street at 10:30 or so 

at night and he didn’t just restrain her of her liberty, that would be bad 

enough, but you actually dragged her into an alley and thereafter threatened 

her life and saying if she told anybody you would kill her and holding the 

knife to her throat and scratching her throat, you then raped her. 

I know the defense was consent. However, the injuries described by the 

victim, the bleeding as described by [the state], the injuries as indicated to 

the hospital personnel when she went to the hospital, the great pain she 

suffered, the psychological harm she suffered as a result of this very, very 

violent act would indicate that his behavior is of such a nature that he is 

likely to re-offend. 

So I make that finding beyond a reasonable doubt and I will set this for 

sentencing at a later date. 

{¶28} Based on the foregoing, we find sufficient evidence to support the sexually 

violent predator conviction. Thus, the second assignment of error is overruled. 

C. Manifest Weight of the Evidence

{¶29} In his third assignment of error, Asadi-Ousley argues that all of his 

convictions are against the manifest weight of the evidence. 

{¶30} In contrast to a sufficiency argument, a manifest weight challenge questions 

whether the state met its burden of persuasion. State v. Bowden, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 

92266, 2009-Ohio-3598, ¶ 13, citing Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 390, 1997-Ohio-52, 
678 N.E.2d 541. The Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Wilson, 113 Ohio St.3d 382, 

2007-Ohio-2202, 865 N.E.2d 1264, ¶ 25, has stated: 

[T]he reviewing court asks whose evidence is more persuasive — the 

state’s or the defendants? * * * “When a court of appeals reverses a 

judgment of a trial court on the basis that the verdict is against the weight of 

the evidence, the appellate court sits as a ‘thirteenth juror’ and disagrees 

with the factfinder’s resolution of the conflicting testimony.” [Thompkins

at 387], citing Tibbs v. Florida (1982), 457 U.S. 31, 42, 102 S.Ct. 2211, 72 

L.Ed.2d 652. 

{¶31} Moreover, an appellate court may not merely substitute its view for that of 

the jury, but must find that “‘in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury clearly lost its 

way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be 

reversed and a new trial ordered.’” Thompkins at 387, quoting State v. Martin, 20 Ohio 

App.3d 172, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983). Accordingly, reversal on manifest weight 

grounds is reserved for “‘the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily 

against the conviction.’” Id., quoting Martin. 

{¶32} We note that when considering a manifest weight challenge, the trier of fact 

is in the best position to take into account inconsistencies, along with the witnesses’s 

manner, demeanor, gestures, and voice inflections, in determining whether the proffered 

testimony is credible. State v. Kurtz, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99103, 2013-Ohio-2999, ¶ 

26; see also State v. Lilliard, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 99382, 99383, and 99385, 

2013-Ohio-4906, ¶ 93 (in considering the credibility of witnesses on a manifest weight 

challenge, an appellate court is “guided by the presumption” that the jury, or the trial 

court in a bench trial, is “‘best able to view the witnesses and observe their demeanor, 
gestures and voice inflections, and use these observations in weighing the credibility of 

the proffered testimony.’” Id., quoting Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 

80, 461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984)). Therefore, we afford great deference to the factfinder’s 

determination of witness credibility. State v. Ball, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99990, 

2014-Ohio-1060, ¶ 36. 

{¶33} Asadi-Ousley argues the jury and trial court “lost their way” because T.M. is 

unreliable and lacks credibility. In support of his argument, he refers to her testimony 

that, on the night of the attack, she had been consuming alcohol and smoking marijuana 

with friends, she could not recall if there were one or two assailants, she waited several 

days before going to the hospital, and she suffers from depression. We disagree. 

{¶34} Asadi-Ousley was found guilty based on the evidence of several witnesses 

and corroborated by DNA testing. T.M. testified that she was approached from behind 

on the street by a stranger, forced at knife point into a dark alley, and then struck so 

violently over the head that she lost consciousness. When she regained consciousness, 

her shirt was torn open and her pants and underwear were down. She knew that she had 

been violated sexually. T.M. testified how the rape has adversely affected her 

psychologically. She suffered from depression and laid in bed for days before deciding 

to call her mother. Her mother testified as to the phone call she received from T.M., and 

the hysteria in T.M.’s voice. The nurse who treated T.M. testified to T.M.’s demeanor, 

pain, bleeding, and visible injuries. Asadi-Ousley’s DNA was found on T.M.’s vaginal 

swabs and underwear. T.M. testified that her only consensual partner was her boyfriend. 
{¶35} Based on the foregoing, it cannot be said the jury “lost its way” in finding 

Asadi-Ousley guilty of rape, kidnapping, and felonious assault. It further cannot be said 

that the trial court “lost its way” in finding Asadi-Ousley to be a sexual predator. This is 

not the rare case where the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created a manifest 

miscarriage of justice. 

{¶36} Accordingly, the third assignment of error is overruled. 

D. Merger and Ineffective Assistance of Counsel 

{¶37} In his fourth and fifth assignments of error, Asadi-Ousley argues the trial 

court erred when it failed to merge Counts 2 (rape), 5 (felonious assault), and 7 

(kidnapping) because the offenses are allied offenses of similar import, and defense 

counsel was ineffective for failing to argue that these counts should have merged for 

purposes of sentencing. 

{¶38} Initially, we note that in order to establish a claim of ineffective assistance 

of appellate counsel, Asadi-Ousley must establish that the performance of his appellate 

counsel was deficient and the deficiency resulted in prejudice. Strickland v. 

Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed. 2d 674 (1984). 

{¶39} In State v. Rogers, 143 Ohio St.3d 385, 2015-Ohio-2459, 38 N.E.3d 860, the 

Ohio Supreme Court held that 

[a]n accused’s failure to raise the issue of allied offenses of similar import 

in the trial court forfeits all but plain error, and a forfeited error is not 

reversible error unless it affected the outcome of the proceeding and 

reversal is necessary to correct a manifest miscarriage of justice. 

Id. at ¶ 3. The court further explained that 
an accused has the burden to demonstrate a reasonable probability that the 

convictions are for allied offenses of similar import committed with the 

same conduct and without a separate animus; and, absent that showing, the 

accused cannot demonstrate that the trial court’s failure to inquire whether 

the convictions merge for purposes of sentencing was plain error. 

Id. 

{¶40} In this case, we find Asadi-Ousley’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim 

regarding defense counsel’s failure to request merger of the rape, felonious assault, and 

kidnapping offenses at sentencing fails under the second prong of Strickland. For the 

reasons that follow, Asadi-Ousley cannot show prejudice, or a reasonable probability that 

but for trial counsel’s failure to request a merger, the outcome of the proceedings would 

have been different. 

{¶41} Pursuant to R.C. 2941.25(A), “[w]here the same conduct by defendant can 

be construed to constitute two or more allied offenses of similar import, the indictment or 

information may contain counts for all such offenses, but the defendant may be convicted 

of only one.” However, 

[w]here the defendant’s conduct constitutes two or more offenses of 

dissimilar import, or where his conduct results in two or more offenses of 

the same or similar kind committed separately or with a separate animus as 

to each, the indictment or information may contain counts for all such 

offenses, and the defendant may be convicted of all of them. 

R.C. 2941.25(B). 

{¶42} In State v. Ruff, 143 Ohio St.3d 114, 2015-Ohio-995, 34 N.E.3d 892, the 

court held that if a defendant’s conduct supports multiple offenses, the defendant can be 

convicted of all of the offenses if any one of the following is true (1) the conduct 
constitutes offenses of dissimilar import, (2) the conduct shows the offenses were 

committed separately, or (3) the conduct shows the offenses were committed with 

separate animus. Id. at paragraph three of the syllabus, citing R.C. 2941.25(B). Two 

or more offenses are of dissimilar import within the meaning of R.C. 2941.25(B) “when 

the defendant’s conduct constitutes offenses involving separate victims or if the harm that 

results from each offense is separate and identifiable” Id. at paragraph two of the 

syllabus. 

{¶43} In this case, Asadi-Ousley argues the rape, kidnapping, and felonious assault 

offenses were committed with the same animus. He contends that the movement of 

coming up from behind T.M., putting a knife to her neck, telling her if she screamed he 

would kill her, and pushing her into an alleyway where the rape and robbery occurred, 

was done for the purpose of raping her with no separate, identifiable harm. 

{¶44} After careful review, we disagree with Asadi-Ousley’s characterization of 

the evidence. Significantly, Asadi-Ousley’s argument disregards the fact that he struck 

T.M. on the top of her head with an unidentified object just prior to the commission of the 

rape. In our view, this conduct unquestionably involved a separate and identifiable 

harm, apart from T.M.’s kidnapping and the subsequent rape. While the record reflects 

that the felonious assault offense was committed during the commission of the 

kidnapping offense, the physical injuries caused by the felonious assault were separate 

and distinct from the harm caused by Asadi-Ousley’s movement of T.M. at knife point. 

Similarly, while the felonious assault may have been committed to facilitate the rape, it 
involved a separate harm from the harm that was involved in the commission of the rape. 

 Accordingly, we find Asadi-Ousley’s felonious assault was an offense of dissimilar 

import and, therefore, was not an allied offense subject to merger. 

{¶45} With respect to the offenses of rape and kidnapping, the Supreme Court of 

Ohio has acknowledged that “implicit within every forcible rape * * * is a kidnapping” 

because the victim’s liberty is restrained during the act of forcible rape. State v. Logan, 

60 Ohio St.2d 126, 130, 397 N.E.2d 1345 (1979). In Logan, the court provided the 

following guidelines for determining whether kidnapping and another offense are allied 

offenses that should merge prior to sentencing, stating: 

(a) Where the restraint or movement of the victim is merely incidental to a 

separate underlying crime, there exists no separate animus sufficient to 

sustain separate convictions; however, where the restraint is prolonged, the 

confinement is secretive, or the movement is substantial so as to 

demonstrate a significance independent of the other offense, there exists a 

separate animus as to each offense sufficient to support separate 

convictions; 

(b) Where the asportation or restraint of the victim subjects the victim to a 

substantial increase in risk of harm separate and apart from that involved in 

the underlying crime, there exists a separate animus as to each offense 

sufficient to support separate convictions. 

Id. at syllabus. 

{¶46} Applying these guidelines, the Ohio Supreme Court held in Logan, that the 

offender’s conduct in forcing the victim into an alley before raping her at knife point was 

committed without a separate animus. The court found that the movement was slight, 

the detention brief, and the victim was released immediately after the commission of the 
underlying crime, compelling the court’s conclusion that the kidnapping was incidental to 

the rape. Id. at 135. 

{¶47} Although Logan predates Ruff, Ohio courts continue to apply the guidelines 

set forth in Logan in determining whether kidnapping and another offense were 

committed with a separate animus, in accordance with the third prong of the Ruff test. 

State v. Armengau, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 14AP-679, 2017-Ohio-4452, ¶ 125, citing 

State v. D.E.M., 10th Dist. Franklin No. 15AP-589, 2016-Ohio-5638, ¶ 143; State v. 

Williams, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 13 MA 125, 2015-Ohio-4100, ¶ 18; State v. Stinnett, 

5th Dist. Fairfield No. 15-CA-24, 2016-Ohio-2711, ¶ 53. 

{¶48} In arguing the trial court erred by failing to merge his kidnapping and rape 

convictions, Asadi-Ousley relies extensively on this court’s decision in State v. Echols, 

8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102504, 2015-Ohio-5138. In Echols, victim one was walking 

home late at night. As she passed a large tree or shrub near East 93rd Street and 

Woodland Avenue, a person jumped out from the tree and came up behind her. The 

individual held a knife to her throat and threatened her. He moved her from the 

sidewalk to behind the tree and raped her. Another attack occurred approximately five 

years later, involving a different victim. Victim two was unavailable to testify at trial 

because she had been murdered. Her medical records documented her recounting of 

events that occurred. She stated that she was walking home when a car pulled up and an 

unknown individual told her to get into the car or he would hurt her. She complied. 

She was hit in the head with a brick and raped. Sexual assault kits were performed on 
both victims. DNA testing revealed that the defendant’s DNA was consistent with that 

of the attacker in both victims. Id. at ¶ 3-5. 

{¶49} On appeal, Echols argued that each rape conviction should have merged 

with each kidnapping conviction. Relying on Ruff, 143 Ohio St.3d 114, 2015-Ohio-995, 

34 N.E.3d 892 and Logan, 60 Ohio St.2d 126, 130, 397 N.E.2d 1345 (1979), we found 

that the asportation of victim one was slight, stating: 

Victim one was moved from the sidewalk to behind a tree next to the 

sidewalk. There was no increased risk of harm associated with this 

movement apart from that associated with the sexual assault. This 

movement was done for the purpose of raping [victim one] with no 

separate, identifiable harm. The movement was done in conjunction with 

the rape, and was not separated by any significant length of time or 

distance. 

Id. at ¶ 38. We concluded that because “the movement was slight, occurred close in 

time to the rape, and was done solely to facilitate the rape[,] the trial court erred when it 

failed to merge the rape and kidnapping counts related to [victim one].” Id. at ¶ 39. 

{¶50} We contrasted victim one’s movement with the movement of victim two, 

who was abducted from the bus stop. With victim two, the defendant forced her to get 

into his vehicle, hit her with a brick once in the car, and he drove her away from the area. 

 We found that the “asportation of [victim two] constituted a separate crime for which 

[defendant] may be separately punished.” Id. at ¶ 40. 

{¶51} After careful consideration, we find Echols to be applicable, but factually 

distinguishable from the circumstances presented in this case. As with victim one in 

Echols, the movement of T.M. was slight and occurred close in time to the rape. 
Analogous to the movement of victim one “from the sidewalk to a tree,” the testimony 

presented in this case established that T.M. was moved from the sidewalk to a nearby 

alleyway, or “the cut.” The record indicates that the alleyway was not far from where 

T.M. had been walking. Thus, the restraint of T.M. was not prolonged, nor was the 

movement substantial enough to demonstrate a separate animus for the kidnapping and 

for the rape under Logan. 

{¶52} As mentioned above, however, the Logan decision went on to state that 

“[w]here the asportation or restraint of the victim subjects the victim to a substantial 

increase in risk of harm separate and apart from that involved in the underlying crime, 

there exists a separate animus as to each offense sufficient to support separate 

convictions.” (Emphasis added.) Logan, 60 Ohio St.2d 126, 397 N.E.2d 1345, at 

syllabus. In this case, T.M. was knocked unconscious during her movement into the 

alleyway. Although the asportation was limited, Asadi-Ousley’s commission of the 

“dissimilar” felonious assault offense during his movement of T.M. rendered her 

defenseless and, in our view, subjected her to an increased risk of harm that was separate 

and apart from that involved in the underlying rape. Under these circumstances, the 

kidnapping offense ceased to be incidental to the underlying rape from which it might 

have originated. See State v. Jones, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 15AP-670, 2017-Ohio-1168 

(holding that defendant’s blows to victim’s head which knocked her to the floor and 

rendered her unconscious constituted substantial increases in the risk of harm separate 

and apart from the force involved in raping a victim); State v. Terrell, 1st Dist. Hamilton 
No. C-080286, 2009-Ohio-3257 (holding that victim was subjected to a substantial 

increase in risk of harm separate and apart from rape when victim was struck in the face 

and moved to a nearby grassy area where a rape occurred). Accordingly, we find there 

was “a separate animus as to each offense sufficient to support separate convictions” for 

kidnapping and rape. 

{¶53} Based on the foregoing, we cannot conclude that the trial court committed 

plain error by failing to merge Asadi-Ousley’s convictions for purposes of sentencing. 

For these same reasons, Asadi-Ousley’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim fails under 

the second prong of the Strickland test. Asadi-Ousley cannot show a reasonable 

probability that but for defense counsel’s failure to request merger of his convictions at 

sentencing, the result of the proceedings would have been different. 

{¶54} Accordingly, Asadi-Ousley’s fourth and fifth assignments of error are 

overruled. 

{¶55} Judgment is affirmed. 

It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed. 

The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 

It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common 

pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. 

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of 

the Rules of Appellate Procedure. 

_______________________________________ 
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, JUDGE 

LARRY A. JONES, SR., P.J., CONCURS; 

MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J., CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY WITH SEPARATE 

ATTACHED OPINION 

MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J., CONCURRING IN JUDGMENT ONLY: 

{¶56} I respectfully concur in judgment only with the majority’s decision to affirm 

Asadi-Ousley’s convictions and sentence. I write separately to briefly address the 

applicability of Echols, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102504, 2015-Ohio-5138, to the 

majority’s merger analysis. 

{¶57} The majority concludes that the facts surrounding victim one are analogous 

to the instant case, finding that the restraint of T.M. was not prolonged, nor was the 

movement substantial enough to demonstrate a separate animus. Whereas, I would find 

that the facts surrounding T.M.’s attack are more analogous to victim two in Echols. The 

facts in Echols reveal that the defendant forced victim two into a car and drove her to 

another location, where he committed the rape. 

{¶58} Here, the inception of the crime was when T.M. was approached from 

behind by knife point as she was walking down the street. This act caused her to submit 

to being dragged into a secluded alleyway, behind a beauty supply store (kidnapping), 

where she was knocked unconscious by a blow to the head and then raped. Specifically, 

Asadi-Ousley forcibly moved T.M. at knife point from a publicly visible area into a 
concealed alleyway, behind a beauty supply store, where he was more easily able to 

perpetrate the rape of an unconscious T.M. T.M. then awoke to find herself on the 

ground with her lip and nose bleeding, her shirt ripped open, and her pants and underwear 

pulled down. This movement, just as the movement of victim two, constituted a separate 

crime for which Asadi-Ousley may be separately punished. The movement was not 

slight, T.M. was removed from her location and dragged to a secluded area, and the 

confinement was attempted to be kept secret, subjecting T.M. to a substantial increase in 

harm separate from the rape. 

{¶59} While I do not find the asportation was limited, I agree with the majority’s 

conclusion that the offenses do not merge for the purposes of sentencing. As a result, I 

would affirm the trial court’s judgment.