# Patent

## Title
Flexible sieve mat screening apparatus

## Abstract

Mechanical separators and screening machines, and methods for flexible sieve mat screening and flexible mat conveying are disclosed. In an example configuration, a flexible mat screening apparatus is provided with geometrically optimized guiding edge seals at lateral sides. One preferred configuration includes an assembly wherein a sieve mat has upwardly curved lateral sides forming a non-vertical, gradually curved shape. In another configuration, a movable support section is supported on a main frame section via a plurality of shear blocks, each arranged with its compression axis disposed horizontally. In yet another configuration, the movable support section is further connected to the main frame section via vertical stabilizers or leaf springs, the vertical stabilizers permitting longitudinal movement between the movable support section and the main frame section, but inhibiting vertical and/or lateral movement therebetween.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The field of the present invention relates to vibratory screening machines and conveyors using flexible mats.
Various designs have been proposed for sieve mat screening machines. For example, prior art screening machines have consisted of an elongated support frame with a mobile, deformable sieve mat, typically comprised of a plurality of sieve mat sections and having lateral edges extending in the direction of the length of the support frame in a series of alternating immobile and mobile sieve mat carriers mounted on the support frame and extending transversely along the length thereof, the sieve mat sections being affixed to the carriers with the mobile carriers being movable with respect to the support frame in the direction of the length of the support frame. During cycling of the screening machine, the individual screen mat sections are alternately tensioned and relaxed. The screening machine has a flat sieve mat with seals between the sieve mat and the adjacent side walls. Material being screened by the machine would engage these side seals causing additional wear. Attempts have been made to address this wear problem. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,062,949 discloses a screening machine having lateral sieve mat sides that are extended upwardly relative to the carriers and raised to form vertical side walls for the sieve mat, the carriers further including support shoulders for the lateral sides of the sieve mat, and the lateral sides being free of perforations in the vicinity of the shoulder.
The present inventors have recognized certain problems and limitations inherent in the prior sieve mat screening machines.
SUMMARY
The present invention is directed to mechanical separators and screening machines or more particularly to designs and methods for flexible sieve mat screening and flexible mat conveying. In a preferred configuration a flexible mat screening apparatus is provided with geometrically optimized guiding edge seals at lateral sides. In another preferred configuration, an apparatus includes a frame assembly comprised of a main support frame section and a movable support frame section movably mounted on or connected to the main support frame section wherein the sieve mat comprises upwardly curved lateral sides forming a non-vertical, gradually curved shape which contains and redirects material toward the center of the sieve mat and away from the lateral rims. In another configuration, the movable support section is supported on the main frame section via a plurality of shear blocks, each arranged with its compression axis disposed horizontally between the main support frame section and movable support frame section. In yet another configuration, the movable support section is further connected to the main frame section via vertical stabilizers or leaf springs, the vertical stabilizers permitting longitudinal movement between the movable support section and the main frame section, but inhibiting vertical and/or lateral movement therebetween.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side-sectional view of a screening apparatus according to a preferred embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the screening apparatus of FIG. 1 taken along line 2-2 and showing the isolation mounts.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the screening apparatus of FIG. 1 taken along line 3-3 and showing the eccentric drive.
FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a portion of FIG. 2 showing details of the support connection for the frame tube.
FIG. 5 is a detailed view of a portion of FIG. 3 showing details of the support connection for the balancer tube.
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-section of a portion of the screening apparatus showing four support tubes taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-section of a portion of the screening apparatus showing an alternate connection between the sieve mat sections.
FIG. 8 is a schematic of a side section of a sieve mat according to preferred embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Preferred embodiments will now be described with reference to the drawings. To facilitate description, any element numeral representing an element in one figure will be used to represent the same element when used in any other figure.
FIGS. 1-5 illustrate a screening machine 10 according to a preferred embodiment. The screening machine 10 includes a first support frame 40 which is supported on a foundation 5 or machine frame (not shown) via a plurality of mounts, each mount being supported on a corresponding isolation spring. The screening machine of FIG. 1 is illustrated with four mounts, but other suitable number of mounts may be implemented. The side elevation view of FIG. 1 shows mount 22 on isolation spring 32 and mount 24 on isolation spring 34. Though not visible in FIG. 1, the other pair of corresponding mounts and isolation springs are symmetrically disposed on the opposite side of the support frame 40. FIG. 2 illustrates mount 22 supported on isolation spring 32 on one side of the support frame 40 and mount 26 supported on isolation spring 36 on the other side. As further shown in FIG. 2, the support frame sides 40a and 41a are interconnected by a connecting member or base element 20 extending between the support frame sides 40a and 41a and the between the mounts 22 and 26. The connecting member 20 provides for stiffening connection between the support frame sides 40a and 41a.
For the purposes of description herein, vertical and horizontal will generally be described relative to the main plane of the sieve mat and the frame structure. The entire structure will preferably be mounted on a declination angle φ to the horizontal on the order of 5° to 30°, preferably on the order of 15°. This declination angle for the sieve mat 200 provides a sloped or downhill path which, combined with the vibration drive, conveys material down the sieve mat 200. Though these ranges for the declination angle φ are preferred examples, the machine may be oriented at any suitable declination angle. This declination angle φ is best viewed in FIG. 1 wherein mounts 22 and 24 are shown at an angle φ to the horizontal via the isolation springs 32 and 34. Alternately, the declination angle of the sieve mat 200 may change over the length of the unit, the actual mounting of the sieve mat 200 providing the desired declination angle(s). For example the declination angle of the sieve mat 200 may decrease either continuously or in stages/steps. For example, the declination angle of the sieve mat 200 at the, first sieve mat section 202 may be at 20° and decrease to 15° or 10° at the last mat section 240. A continuous “banana” type declination may provide operational, efficiency and/or wear advantages and potentially decreasing the overall machine footprint.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a drive shaft 110 is supported and mounted by bearings 112, 114 which are in turn mounted onto the main support frame 40. As the shaft 110 is rotationally driven by the drive motor (the drive motor being schematically illustrated as element 117), an orbital vibrating motion is applied by the eccentrics 116 and 118 disposed on opposite ends of the shaft 110. The vibration could be applied by a single eccentric on a single side of the unit, but by extending the shaft 110 to opposite lateral sides of the unit and applying eccentrics on both sides of the support frame 40, a more balanced orbital vibratory force is applied across the support frame system 40. A drive cover 119 is disposed over each of the drive ends for preventing access to the moving parts. Other suitable vibration application systems may be utilized such as a type that applies varying horizontal and/or vertical stroke components. The shaft 110 is illustrated as a six-inch diameter internal shaft passing through the bearings 112, 114 and extending out through the entire width of the support frame assembly 40. The shaft 110 is surrounded by a fixed eight-inch pipe 120 which extends between the mounting of the bearings 112, 114. The dimensions and locations of the shaft 110 and the pipe 120 are given merely as examples to illustrate relative sizes between the shaft and pipe components. The pipe 120 has end flanges which secure the pipe to the side frame assembly at the mounts for the bearings 112, 114. The pipe 120 provides for lateral support and stiffening between the bearing shaft mounts. The eccentrics 116, 118 on opposite sides of the shaft 110 are preferably located at the same angular position relative to the shaft 110 50 as to provide a balanced application of the orbital vibration force from the shaft 110 through the bearings 112, 114 and into both sides of the frame assembly 40. The drive shaft 110 may be positioned near the machine center of gravity or at some other suitable location.
The drive shaft 110 disclosed above is just one type of suitable drive mechanism. For example, the drive mechanism may comprise a single drive shaft 110 or may comprise multiple shafts driven by one or more drive motors.
The sieve mat 200 extends longitudinally across the length of the screening apparatus 10 from the inlet section 41 (shown at the right hand side of FIG. 1) to the outlet side on the left. Though the sieve mat 200 may comprise a single piece of material, the sieve mat 200 is preferably a series of removable transverse sections or strips 202, 204, 206, 208, 210 . . . 240 with each mat section being supported by a pair of transverse mat supports 302, 304, 306, 308, 310 . . . 342. The sieve mat supports are in the form of square tubes arranged with a corner disposed tangentially to the mat 200. Other shapes and orientations for the mat supports may be utilized, but the illustrated square tube configuration and orientation provides a desirably high strength and stiffness to weight ratio.
The sieve mat supports 302, 304, etc. are alternately connected to either the main support frame section 40 or the movable support frame section (also referred to as the balancer support section 50). Thus the frame tube supports (302, 306, 310 . . . 342) are connected to the main support frame section and the balancer tube supports (304, 308, 312 . . . 340) are connected to the balancer 50. The balancer 50 is supported via shear blocks 60 and/or the vertical stabilizers 420 etc. as will be described below in further detail with respect to FIGS. 3 and 5. Each sieve mat section is connected on one end to a frame tube support (302, 306, 310 . . . 342) and on the other end to a balancer tube support (304, 308, 312 . . . 340). For example, mat section 206 is connected on the upstream end to frame tube support 306 and on the downstream end to balancer tube 308. The operative functions of these connections will be described in further detail below.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the screening apparatus 10 is symmetrically configured with each of the lateral sides (i.e. the left and right sides as viewed in FIGS. 2 and 3) having like configuration. Thus for conciseness of description, only one of the sides will be described and like description will be applicable to the other side. Alternately, the other side need not be entirely symmetrical. For example, the slope of the upturned section 200a of the mat section 210 of FIG. 2 may be of a different curvature than the upturned section 200b.
Each of the frame tube assemblies 302, 306, 310 . . . 342 has essentially the same configuration and the description of one of the tubes should provide adequate description for any of the other frame tube assemblies. FIG. 2 illustrates detailed cross-section of FIG. 1 taken along line 2-2 whereby a frame tube assembly 310 is supported directly to the main support frame section 40 via connector 42. As best shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the frame tube 306 comprises a square tubing arranged below the sieve mat 200 extending transversely along the width of the support frame assembly 40. The frame tube 306 includes an end flange 350 welded thereon for attachment to the connector 42. The connector 42 has four holes which have been drilled and tapped for accepting the bolts 352 which secure the flange 350 onto the connector 42. The connector 42 is in turn connected by a series of four bolts 46 which are secured into tapped holes 46 located in the connector plate 42 as best shown in FIGS. 4 and 6. As shown in FIG. 4, the frame tube 306 is directly connected to the support frame assembly 40 both at a lower section 40a and then upper section 40b by a connection through the connector plate 42. Other connection mechanisms may be used such as through bolt and nut, welding, rivet, or any suitable fastener.
Each of the balancer tube supports 304, 308, 312 . . . 340 has essentially the same configuration and the description of one of the balancer tube assemblies should provide adequate description for any of the other balancer tube assemblies. The balance tube assembly is shown with reference to FIGS. 3, 5 and 6 where the balance tube 308 from FIG. 1 is illustrated in more detail. As best shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the balance tube 308 and flange 360 are the same configuration as the frame tube 306 and flange 350. The balance tube 308 is mounted differently, however, as the flange 360 at the end of the tube 308 is connected to a spacer 52 which in turn is mounted to the balancer 50. The balancer 50 approximately extends the length of the unit 10 and is spring-mounted to the frame 40 via a plurality of shear springs 60 and vertical stabilizers 420, 440 etc. Each shear spring 60 is oriented with its compression axis 62 disposed horizontally between the angular upper section 40c of the frame 40 and the balancer 50. The shear spring 60 allows the balance tube 308 to move in any direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 5 placing the spring in shear whereas placing the spring in compression or tension along axis 62 would provide for relatively smaller movement along that lateral direction. The unit 10 will include a plurality of shear blocks installed on each side thereof providing for a balanced and even support for the balancer. In one configuration, the machine includes ten shear blocks disposed on each side of the unit, but any suitable number of shear blocks may be employed. The shear blocks may be comprised of any suitable resilient material of any durometer, such as rubber or polyurethane, and arranged to allow a difference in motion in the longitudinal directions while inhibiting motion in the transverse direction. The shear blocks permit motion in the desired direction and provide a spring force (rate) for that desired motion.
The sections 202, 204, 206, etc. of the frame mat are transversely connected to the respective frame tube or balancer tube along the length of the mat 200. Any suitable attachment scheme may be used. FIG. 6, for example, illustrates frame tube 306 having an angle bar 402 which is welded to one side of the tube 306 and having an upper section 402a which contacts the undersurface of the mat sections 202, 204. A top clamp bar 404 sandwiches the mat sections 202, 204 along the width, and mat sections 202, 204 are secured by a plurality of spaced bolts 406 along the transverse width of the frame tube support 306. Similarly, the balance tube 308 includes an angle bar 412 secured on one side thereof and having an upper bar section 412a that supports the undersurface of the mat sections 204 with the clamp bar 414 being secured by spaced bolts 416 sandwiching the mat sections 204, 206 therebetween. The construction of the like components for the frame tube assembly 310 is the same as frame tube assembly 306 and for the balancer tube assembly 312 is the same as balancer tube assembly 308 and thus are not repeated.
In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the mat sections are secured to the respective frame tube or balancer tube with the adjacent mat sections positioned end-to-end, the ends butting up to each other and secured between the top clamp bar and the angle bar upper section. Alternately, the mat sections may have ends constructed so as to mate with a tongue-and-groove configuration, may include alignment notches and teeth, or as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 7 below, may be designed with an overlap. The mat sections may be connected via bolts as shown, or alternately via fastening wedges or other suitable boltless connection.
FIG. 7 illustrates an alternate configuration for connecting the sieve mat sections to the respective frame tube and balance tube in which the respective mat sections overlap. Three sieve mat sections 208, 210, 212 are shown. From opposite directions, over the frame tube 310, both the trailing end 208b of the mat section 208 and the leading end 210a of the mat section 210 extend past the top clamp bar 404 and the angle bar upper section 402a of angle bar 402. The ends 208b and 210a are then secured together, pressed between top clamp bar section 404 and the angle bar upper section 402a as secured by bolt 406. The overlapping mat sections provide a large sealing surface area for preventing material from passing between the mat sections at this interconnection.
Preferably, the trailing edge of a mat section is positioned over the leading edge of the next (downstream) mat section providing for a more smooth contour for material moving in the flow direction.
In like manner over balancer tube 312, from opposite directions, both the trailing end 210b of the mat section 210 and the leading end 212a of the mat section 212 extend past the top clamp bar 414 and the angle bar upper section 412a of angle bar 412. The ends 210b and 212a are then secured together, pressed between top clamp bar section 414 and the angle bar upper section 412a as secured by bolt 416. The overlapping mat sections provide a large sealing surface area for preventing material from passing between the mat sections at this interconnection.
The motion of balancer 50, and correspondingly the balancer tubes 304, 308, 312 . . . 340 is restrained in the vertical direction by operation of vertical stabilizers 420, 430, 440, 450 which connect between the balancer 50 and an upper section 40b of the main frame 40. Similar stabilizers are disposed on the other side of the unit 10. The construction of stabilizer 420 is representative of each of the other stabilizers 430, 440 etc. and is described in the following. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the stabilizer 420 includes a pair of flexible spring plates 422, 424 secured at a lower end to the balancer 50 via bolts 423, 423 (see also FIG. and secured at the upper end via bolts 425, 425, the spring plates 422, 424 being separated by spacer 426. Because of the plate geometry of the spring plates 422, 424 functioning as a leaf spring, the stabilizer 420 permits relative rocking or longitudinal movement in the direction of the arrow A in FIG. 6 as between the balancer tubes (as a group) and the frame tubes (as a group) but provides stiffening connection for inhibiting relative motion either vertically or laterally. The vertical stabilizers may be composed of any suitable device such as links, slats, plates, rocker arms, etc. that restricts relative vertical motion between the balancer 50 and the main support frame while allowing motion in the longitudinal (horizontal) direction. The balancer assembly 50 is preferably suspended via the vertical stabilizers 420, 430, 440, etc. such that the weight of the balancer assembly 50 is supported by the vertical stabilizers rather than the shear blocks 60 thereby preventing pre-stressing or over-stressing the shear blocks 60 in the vertical direction.
The vertical stabilizers may be constructed of any suitable material such as metal (e.g. spring steel etc.) or a composite material.
Both the vertical stabilizers 420, 430, 440 etc. and the horizontally mounted shear blocks 60 serve to minimize lateral movement which reduces fatigue/wear on the sieve mat. Minimizing lateral movement is particularly useful in reducing fatigue/wear at the curvature area. By properly constraining the movement of the balancer, a consistent stroke may be achieved thereby enhancing component life and screening efficiency.
Thus when the frame assembly section 40 is driven via the eccentric drive mechanism 110/116, the frame section 40 is driven in an orbital pattern as permitted by the isolation springs 32, 34, 36. The balancer tube supports 304, 308, 312 . . . 340 mounted on the balancer 50 have the flexibility to move longitudinally (direction A in FIG. 6) relative to the frame tube supports 302, 306, 310 . . . 342 via the shear springs 60 and the vertical stabilizers 420, 430, 440, etc. Thus the distance between adjacent tubes alternately increases and decreases alternately flexing and unflexing the mat section therebetween.
The sieve mat 200 may comprise a continuous unit for the various mat sections 202, 204, 206, etc. or may comprise separate transverse sections of a given length secured at each tube assembly via the bolt and clamps or other connection mechanisms described above. Each of the sieve mat sections 202, 204, 206 etc. is preferably homogenous, uniform, unitary, and one-piece without splices. A configuration with separate sections permits replacement of a single section, such as section 204 or section 206, for replacement or repair without requiring replacement of remaining sieve mat sections such as sections 208, 210 etc.
The sieve mat 200 includes perforations along its length (see for example the perforations 203 in mat section 210 of FIG. 6), the perforations being of a size and shape so as to permit particles of a given size to pass through for sorting. The individual perforations may be tapered and arranged in any suitable pattern and location. For example, it may be expected that the inlet mat section 201 may comprise no perforations as that section may be designed to merely direct material into the screening area. It may be preferred that the perforations not extend at the connection sections under the clamp bars 404, 414 since that area is covered by the clamp bar anyway and thus can provide no screening function Thus the perforation size, shape and pattern as well as the material and thickness will be chosen for the given material screening application.
The sieve mat may be formed of any suitable material which has the desirable properties of flexibility and strength in addition to abrasion, rust and corrosion resistance. The material used for the sieve mats is mechanically strong and preferably a resilient elastomer with a balanced range of properties which is able to withstand deformation without loss of elasticity or dimensional accuracy. One such material is a resilient flexible polymer such as polyurethane for example. The sieve mats may be constructed of single homogenous material or may be reinforced such as with internal cables or bars, or with a suitable screen backing.
The motion of the sieve mat sections is such that in the unflexed condition a sag will be formed, such as for example the sag in the mat sections 206, 208, 210 visible in FIG. 6. Then moving to the flexed condition, the mat section will be snapped toward a flatter/straighter form. Referred to as a “flip flow” method, during the cycling of the screener, the flexible mat sections are individually tensioned and relaxed which breaks or loosens the adhesive bond between materials and between the material and the screen mats. In the upstroke, material is impelled upwardly functioning much like a trampoline and air is drawn into and thru the material. The motion is such that in an example screening machine, the acceleration on the main support frame is about 3 g's, but the material on the sieve mat may experience up to 50 g's. Sieve mat flexing may also stretch or bend the perforations helping to release particles that might become lodged in the perforations, a process called “breathing.” The flip flow method is useful for screening a wide variety of materials, including the more difficult applications such as:

    
    
        screening of moist, sticky and fibrous materials,
        small particle and high fines content screening,
        screening of near size particles.
    
    


As shown in FIGS. 2-5, the lateral sides of the sieve mat 200 are formed with a gradually curved transition arc or turned-up section which will be generally referred to as element 200a in any of these figures. This curved section 200a serves to contain material being screened by the system, redirecting material riding up the sloped lateral edges back toward the central portion. The sieve mat 200 (comprised of the various mat sections) is secured and supported at the curved sections 200a by continuation of the clamp bar 404 and the upper section 402a of support bar 402 which extend approximately the entire lateral width of the respective mat sections, generally to the end of. the mat 200. Since an angled bar section 402 is impractical to form into the desired curvature, only a flat bar section (upper support bar section 402a) extends into the curved mat section 200a. The upper support bar section 402a is supported in its upwardly curved position via a gusset 311 welded between the frame tube 310 and the upper support bar section 402a. 
Similarly, the balance tube 324 includes a gusset 325 attached to the balance tube 324 and the upper support bar section 412a forming the curved mat section 200a as disposed between the clamp bar 414 and the upper support bar section 412a. 
To further prevent exit of material over the top edge of the curved section, a sliding seal arrangement 45 is disposed along the top surface of the mat 200 near the top edge of the curved section 200a. The seal 45 is preferably a flexible material of sufficient resilience so as to maintain a fairly wide contact surface S1 against the top of the mat surface over the range of relative motion between the two elements.
Unlike the sharp-angled side sections of the screening sieve mats of the prior art which reach an entirely vertical orientation, the curved section 200a of the preferred embodiment takes on a much more gradual curve resulting in a maximum rise to run ratio y/x of about 1.0. A preferred maximum rise/run ratio may be even more gradual, such as on the order of 0.75 or less.
The arc of the curved section as shown in FIG. 8 is a gradual arc that will depend upon several factors including the thickness of the sieve mat 200 and the overall size of the screening machine. One method of defining such a gradual curved or transition arc shape is locating a midpoint Cl of the arc and drawing a tangent line through that midpoint which forms an angle α to the horizontal. Preferably, α would be less than about 45° to help ensure the desired gradually curved form.
The sharpness of the curved form may also be defined by the radius R formed by the arc at any point along the curved section. The entire curved segment need not have the same radius R throughout its positions. For example, at the initial transition T1, the curvature may be more gradual as the sieve mat transitions from horizontal to curved. Thus the radius of curvature R may decrease, i.e., the sharpness of the curvature increasing, from transition T1, at the curvature beginning point L1 to center point C1 and potentially beyond to the ending transition T2 at end point L2.
Since the shape of the curved section 201a is preferably formed with a gradual slope, such a shape would require a much larger width in order to reach an absolute vertical. Thus, it is preferred that this side of the mat not reach absolute vertical and only reach a height and slope sufficient to prevent material from passing over the top of the mat surface past the seal 45. The slope of the curved section at the end of mat 200, shown by element numeral β in Fig. 8, should not exceed about 75% of vertical resulting in value for β not to exceed about 67.5°.
The total transition arc section may also be referred by a curvature angle θ as shown in FIG. 8. For an angle θ equal to 90°, the side of the curved section would reach vertical. Thus the curvature angle θ is preferably significantly less than 90° and more on the order of 70° or less.
Another method or design of defining the gradualness of the curved shape is via the radius R at any given point along the arc. For a typical size screening apparatus such as the unit 10 illustrated in FIG. 2, the total width is about 5 ft, thus M=2.5 ft or 30 inches. The value for R, the radius at the arc center point C1, (for purposes of illustration, this radius is measured at the back/outer surface of the sieve mat) is about 15 inches for a typical size screening machine. Thus for a typical size screening apparatus, the radius R would preferably be in a range on the order of: 6 inches≦R≦30 inches, or more particularly on the order of at least 12 inches. The upper range may be limited by design efficiencies or design criteria for a specific application. Preferably the radius is large enough to reduce buckling and small enough to maximize the amount of flat area on the screen mat and thus is essentially a compromise between these two factors.
In order to create a dimensionless value, a comparison may be made between the radius R and the mat width. Comparing the mat size M (half the width of the mat as shown in FIG. 2 or 6) to the radius R, a ratio R/M may be formulated. For the example in FIG. 2 where R=18 inches and M=30 inches would yield a value of 0.6 for the R/M ratio. The actual radius and R/M ratio may depend upon the particular size of the device, the mat thickness, the overall design and material being screened. A preferred range for the R/M ratio would be on the order of R/M≧0.2 and range upwards to about 1.0 or possibly higher.
The gradual curved shape results in lower mat strain or stress at the transition. In Example 1, a screening apparatus with a vertical side edge having a 6 inch radius undergoing a 2 inch screen mat offset would have an arc length of 12.56 inches when draped and 9.42 inches when undraped for a difference of 3.24 inches which equates to 3.14/9.42=.33 inches of stretch per inch of arc. The sieve mat of Example 1 is more susceptible to buckling, and thus forms a crease which may become permanent. In a preferred configuration of Example 2, for a screening apparatus with a more gradual and non-vertical side edge having a 15.145 inch radius undergoing a 2 inch screen mat offset would have an arc length of 17.5 inches when draped and 15.5 inches when undraped for a difference of 2.0 inches which equates to 2.0/15.5=.13 inches of stretch per inch of arc. Thus screen mat of Example 2 with a preferred gradual arc shape and non-vertical side edge exhibits 60% less screen mat strain than the screen mat of Example 1. In other words, the screen mat of Example 1 exhibits 250% more strain than the screen mat of Example 2.
The curved sections 201 are preferably fully perforated to the same extent as the central mat region—thus screening of material also takes place in the curved section. Further, the gradual arc will tend to minimize screen mat buckling in that region, providing a better range of movement. The screen mat sections are preferably seamless and without creases all the way from the center to the lateral edge. This gradual curved section provides a smooth transition from the horizontal presenting a sweeping radius and a smooth guiding edge for the material while reducing fatigue issues by utilizing a greater radius without vertical sides. Thus the curved design may provide longer wear life.
The sieve mat 200 may be configured not only with a curved section 200a at the side edges, but may have continuous (or discontinuous) curvature throughout the central portion therebetween. Utilizing the disclosed gradual curved design, the mat sections may be formed in a continuous arc or trough all the way from the side edge to the center or even a waffle or sinusoidal shape.
Functionally, the gradual curved edge section optimizes screen mat geometry and may provide one or more of the following advantages:

    
    
        easier to fabricate;
        under normal material depths, the product does not continually come in contact with the upper portion of the curvature area;
        keeps material away from the top mat edge and seal by potentially “flipping” material back to the horizontal screen surface;
        allows for freer flipping of the screen mats in the curvature area while still providing side sealing;
        reduces screen mat edge wear common to flat screen without sides;
        reduces wedging between the material and the sides;
        reduces build-up and caking at the screen mat corners due to screen mat flexing along the entire screen mat length;
        provides a constant stress gradient and reduces the “unit deformation” of the sieve mat material with stress spread over a larger area by allowing greater movement along the screen mat length thus increasing screen mat life;
        functions as a side border for guiding material;
        effective screening can be accomplished along the entire screen mat length due to relatively consistent movement throughout;
        avoids undesirable abrupt corners or joints.
    
    


The screening apparatus may be combined with other types of screen mechanisms. For example a scalping screen may be mounted above the mat 200 to provide a pre-screening of large particle material.
The disclosed drive mechanism only drives the main frame section as the balancer is “floating” or sympathetic mechanism responding to the motion of the driven main frame section. Alternately both the main frame section and the balancer may be driven by a suitable drive mechanism and alternately controlled by a motor controller.
The various embodiments disclosed may be combined together or separately utilized. For example, the vertical stabilizers and/or the horizontal compression axis shear blocks may be used with flexible mat conveyors or screening machines of alternate configurations, including prior art machines.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention should, therefore, be determined only by the following claims.

## Claims

1. A screening apparatus comprising
a base;
a frame assembly comprised of a main support frame section mounted on the base, and a movable support frame section movably mounted on the main support frame section;
a plurality of sieve mat supports spaced from each other and arranged transversely to a length of the frame assembly, the sieve mat supports alternately connected to the main support frame section and the movable support frame section;
a flexible sieve mat extending between and connected to and supported by the sieve mat supports, wherein the sieve mat comprises upwardly curved lateral sides forming a gradually curved shape, the upwardly curved lateral sides terminating prior to reaching vertical.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the curved shape has a minimum radius of curvature of at least on the order of 12 inches.

3. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the upwardly curved lateral sides of the sieve mat include perforations for screening material.

4. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the curved shape does not exceed 75% of vertical.

5. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the curved shape has a minimum radius of curvature of at least 6 inches.

6. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the curved shape has a minimum radius of curvature R of: 12 inches≦R≦30 inches.

7. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the curved shape is defined by a ratio R/M≧0.2 where
R equals a radius of the curved shape at a center point thereof,
M equals half the width of the sieve mat.

8. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the curved shape is defined by a ratio 1.0≧R/M≧0.2 where
R equals a radius of the curved shape at a center point thereof,
M equals half the width of the sieve mat.

9. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the sieve mat is disposed at a declined orientation.

10. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the sieve mat is disposed at a declination angle of between about 5° and 30°.

11. An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the declination angle is constant over the length of the sieve mat.

12. An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the declination angle varies over the length of the sieve mat, decreasing from an inlet end to an outlet end.

13. An apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising an eccentric drive mechanism connected to the main support frame section for applying a drive force thereupon.

14. A method of material screening comprising the steps of
providing a sieve mat with a plurality of sieve mat sections disposed consecutively along a length of a screening apparatus, each sieve mat section extending transversely between sides of the screening apparatus;
upwardly raising lateral sides of the sieve mat sections to form gradually curved, non-vertical side edges, wherein the gradually curved, non-vertical side edges have a curvature terminating prior to reaching 75% of vertical.

15. A method according to claim 14 further comprising arranging the sieve mat along a declination angle of between about 5° and 30°.

16. A method according to claim 15 further comprising varying the declination angle varies over the length of the sieve mat.

17. A screening apparatus comprising
a base;
a frame assembly comprised of a main support frame section mounted on the base, and a movable support frame section movably mounted on the main support frame section;
a plurality of sieve mat supports spaced from each other and arranged transversely to a length of the frame assembly, the sieve mat supports alternately connected to the main support frame section and the movable support frame section;
a flexible sieve mat extending between and connected to and supported by the sieve mat supports;
a plurality of vertical support elements mounted between the main support frame section and the movable support frame section, wherein the movable support frame section is suspended from the main support frame section by the vertical support elements, the vertical support elements being constructed and arranged to permit longitudinal motion but restrain lateral motion of the movable frame section relative to the main support frame section.

18. A screening apparatus according to claim 17 further comprising
a plurality of shear blocks of resilient material mounted between the main support frame section and the movable support frame section, wherein weight of the movable support frame section is supported by the vertical support elements rather than by the shear blocks.

19. A screening apparatus comprising
a base;
a frame assembly comprised of a main support frame section mounted on the base, and a movable support frame section movably mounted on the main support frame section;
a plurality of sieve mat supports spaced from each other and arranged transversely to a length of the frame assembly, the sieve mat supports alternately connected to the main support frame section and the movable support frame section;
a flexible sieve mat extending between and connected to and supported by the sieve mat supports,
a plurality of shear blocks of resilient material mounted between the main support frame section and the movable support frame section, the shear blocks having a compression axis arranged generally horizontally.

20. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the sieve mat comprises a plurality of separate mat sections arranged generally end-to-end, each mat section extending between adjacent sieve mat supports and being connected thereto.

21. A method of material screening comprising the steps of
providing a sieve mat with a plurality of sieve mat sections disposed consecutively along a length of a screening apparatus, each sieve mat section extending transversely between sides of the screening apparatus;
upwardly raising lateral sides of the sieve mat sections to form gradually curved side edges proximate the sides of the screening apparatus, wherein the gradually curved side edges have a minimum radius of curvature of at least on the order of 12 inches throughout the curvature.

22. A screening apparatus comprising
a base;
a frame assembly comprised of a main support frame section mounted on the base, and a movable support frame section movably mounted on the main support frame section;
a plurality of sieve mat supports spaced from each other and arranged transversely to a length of the frame assembly, the sieve mat supports alternately connected to the main support frame section and the movable support frame section;
a flexible sieve mat extending between and connected to and supported by the sieve mat supports, wherein the sieve mat support comprises upwardly curved lateral sides forming a gradually curved shape, wherein the curved shape has a minimum radius of curvature of at least on the order of 12 inches.

23. An apparatus according to claim 22 wherein the sieve mat comprises a plurality of separate mat sections arranged generally end-to-end, each mat section extending between adjacent sieve mat supports and being connected thereto.

24. A screening apparatus comprising
a base;
a frame assembly comprised of a main support frame section mounted on the base, and a movable support frame section movably mounted on the main support frame section;
a plurality of sieve mat supports spaced from each other and arranged transversely to a length of the frame assembly, the sieve mat supports alternately connected to the main support frame section and the movable support frame section;
a flexible sieve mat extending between and connected to and supported by the sieve mat supports, wherein the flexible sieve mat comprises upwardly curved lateral sides forming a gradually curved shape,
wherein the curved shape is defined by a ratio R/M≧about 0.6 where R equals a minimum radius of the curved shape, and M equals half the width of the sieve mat.

25. A screening apparatus comprising
a base;
a frame assembly comprised of a main support frame section mounted on the base, and a movable support frame section movably mounted on the main support frame section;
a plurality of sieve mat supports spaced from each other and arranged transversely to a length of the frame assembly, the sieve mat supports alternately connected to the main support frame section and the movable support frame section;
a flexible sieve mat extending between the sieve mat supports, the sieve mat comprising a plurality of separate mat sections arranged generally end-to-end, wherein each sieve mat support comprises a generally horizontal central portion and upwardly curved lateral sides formed in a gradually curved shape;
connections between the sieve mat section and the sieve mat supports along the horizontal central portion and the upwardly curved lateral side,
wherein the connections between the sieve mat section and the sieve mat supports terminate prior to the upwardly curved lateral side reaching on the order of 75% vertical.

26. A screening apparatus comprising
a base;
a frame assembly comprised of a main support frame section mounted on the base, and a movable support frame section movably mounted on the main support frame section;
a plurality of sieve mat supports spaced from each other and arranged transversely to a length of the frame assembly, the sieve mat supports alternately connected to the main support frame section and the movable support frame section;
a flexible sieve mat extending between the sieve mat supports, the sieve mat comprising a plurality of separate mat sections arranged generally end-to-end, wherein each sieve mat support comprises a generally horizontal central portion and upwardly curved lateral sides, each lateral side forming an arc segment of a gradually curved shape;
connections between the sieve mat section and the sieve mat supports along the horizontal central portion and at least a portion of the upwardly curved lateral sides,
wherein each arc segment of the sieve mat support has a length defined by a curvature angle θ on the order of 70° or less.

27. An apparatus according to claim 26 wherein the curvature angle θ is on the order of 70°.

28. An apparatus according to claim 26 wherein the upwardly curved lateral sides form a gradually curved shape, wherein the curved shape has a minimum radius of curvature of at least on the order of 12 inches.

29. In a flip-flow type screening apparatus including a frame assembly and a plurality of sieve mat supports spaced from each other and consecutively arranged transversely to a length of the frame assembly, a sieve mat section comprising:
a flexible sieve mat extendable between and supported by and removably connectable to an adjacent pair of sieve mat supports, wherein the flexible sieve mat is supported by the sieve mat supports to maintain upwardly curved lateral sides forming a gradually curved shape with a minimum radius of curvature on the order of 6 inches or greater.

30. A sieve mat section according to claim 29 wherein the curved shape has a minimum radius of curvature on the order of 12 inches or greater.

31. A screening apparatus comprising
a sieve mat comprising a plurality of sieve mat sections disposed consecutively along a length of the screening apparatus, each sieve mat section extending transversely between sides of the screening apparatus;
wherein a sieve mat section comprises upwardly raised lateral sides forming gradually curved side edges, wherein the gradually curved side edges are constructed and arranged with a minimum radius of curvature on the order of 12 inches or greater.

32. An apparatus according to claim 31 wherein the curved side edges have a minimum radius of curvature R of: 12 inches≦R≦30 inches.

33. A method of material screening comprising the steps of
providing a sieve mat with a plurality of sieve mat sections disposed consecutively along a length of a screening apparatus, each sieve mat section extending transversely between sides of the screening apparatus;
upwardly raising lateral sides of the sieve mat sections to form gradually curved side edges, wherein the gradually curved side edges have a minimum radius of curvature on the order of 12 inches or greater.