IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 16-0171

Filed June 7, 2017

STACEY JEAN O’HARA,

Applicant-Appellant,

vs.

STATE OF IOWA,

Respondent-Appellee.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Scott County, Mark D. Cleve, 

Judge.

Stacey Jean O’Hara appeals from the dismissal of her application for 

postconviction relief. AFFIRMED.

Mark C. Smith, State Appellate Defender, and Bradley M. Bender, 

Assistant Appellate Defender, for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Louis S. Sloven, Assistant 

Attorney General, for appellee State.

Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Potterfield and Bower, JJ.
2

DANILSON, Chief Judge.

Stacey Jean O’Hara appeals from the dismissal of her application for 

postconviction relief. As background, pursuant to a plea agreement, O’Hara 

agreed to plead guilty to the amended charge of second-degree robbery, thirddegree burglary, lottery ticket theft, and assault on a peace officer. The State 

agreed to dismiss a conspiracy-to-commit-a-felony charge and to recommend 

that all sentences run concurrently to each other. Pursuant to the plea 

agreement, O’Hara acknowledged that she understood that she must serve 

seven-tenths of the maximum ten-year sentence on the robbery charge before 

she would be eligible for work release or parole.

The court accepted the plea on March 16, 2013. O’Hara requested 

immediate sentencing and waived her right to a fifteen-day delay before 

sentencing, the use of a presentence investigation report at sentencing, and the 

right to file a motion in arrest of judgment. During the plea colloquy, these

exchanges occurred: 

THE COURT: Now, you’re charged under Count 2 with

robbery in the first degree and you’re pleading guilty to robbery in 

the second degree. Robbery in the second degree is a Class C 

felony, which means that the maximum penalty you can be subject 

to is to be put into prison for a period not to exceed ten years, fined 

at least $1000, but not more than $10,000. There would be a 35 

percent surcharge assessed on any fine that’s imposed.

Iowa Code section 702.11 [(2011)] defines robbery in the

second degree as a forcible felony. Under Iowa law because this is 

a forcible felony, you cannot be granted a deferred judgment or . . . 

have your prison sentence suspended and be placed on supervised 

probation. In other words, prison time is mandatory.

Also, Iowa Code section 902.12(5) provides that you cannot 

be granted any type of parole or work release until you’ve served 

seven-tenths or 70 percent of the maximum term; and because the 

maximum term in this case is ten years, that means you would 

have to serve at least seven years before release. Do you 

understand all of that?
3

[O’HARA]: Yes.

. . . .

THE COURT: Now, because you’re pleading guilty to four 

separate crimes, the sentencing judge will have to decide whether 

to run those sentences together, which means concurrent, or back 

to back or some fashion that several of them follow the other. Do 

you understand that as well?

[O’HARA]: Yes.

. . . .

THE COURT: Mr. Ingham [defense counsel], do you know 

any defenses your client would have other than general denial? 

MR. INGHAM: Yes, Your Honor. Due to Ms. O’Hara’s 

history and the information gathered in the investigation of this 

case, I explored both diminished capacity and diminished 

responsibility defenses. Due to our establishing a psychiatric or 

psychological defense, we had Ms. O’Hara evaluated by Dr. 

Witherspoon, a forensic psychologist. He had issued two reports, 

one about competency to stand trial or diminished health or 

diminished responsibility defenses and indicated—a report that 

indicated there was insufficient evidence to proceed on either of 

those two defenses, even though they are available, in our opinion, 

and Mr.—Dr. Witherspoon’s opinion cannot be sustained.[1]

THE COURT: Thank you. Ms. O’Hara, do you have any 

reason to disagree with the statement your attorney just made? 

[O’HARA]: No.

. . . .

THE COURT: Ms. O’Hara, are you satisfied with the services 

of Mr. Ingham as your attorney?

[O’HARA]: Yes.

. . . .

THE COURT: All right. And, Ms. O’Hara, just so I’m 

satisfied, I understand that throughout this process, you had some 

issues with some substance abuse issues and you are on some 

 

1 Dr. Kirk Witherspoon’s competency report provides in part:

Ms. O’Hara was well oriented for person, place, and time. She 

evidenced no hallucinations, delusions, or grossly inappropriate affect. 

Her recent and remote memory capacities were intact. Her span of 

attention and ability to concentrate were limited. She explained proverbs 

concretely. She answered social judgment questions adequately. Her 

speech was coherent, generally goal directed, mood congruent, evenly 

paced, of normal volume, sufficiently detailed, but concrete. Her 

intellectual functioning seemed average.

. . . .

It is recommended that Ms. O’Hara be regarded to possess 

adjudicatory competency. She appears not to lack factual and rational 

understanding of courtroom participants and procedures, skills to assist 

defense counsel, and understanding of case events necessary to 

adequately stand trial, enter a plea, and undergo sentencing.
4

medication and there have been some questions relating to some 

mental health treatment or mental health questions. Despite all of 

that, do you feel that you’re understanding what we’re doing here 

today and this is in your best interest to go ahead with sentencing?

[O’HARA]: Yes.

THE COURT: Any questions on or any hesitation at all on 

your part?

[O’HARA]: No.

MR. INGHAM: I want to emphasize, Ms. O’Hara, I didn’t 

suggest this [immediate sentencing] to you?

[O’HARA]: No.

MR. INGHAM: You asked me, and I agreed to explore that 

possibility with the Court?

[O’HARA]: Yes.

 

The court sentenced O’Hara consistent with the plea agreement. O’Hara 

did not appeal.

On June 20, 2013, O’Hara filed an application for postconviction relief 

(PCR) asserting plea counsel did not contact her treating psychiatrist; he did not 

properly advise her and pursue a diminished capacity or responsibility defense in 

regards to the specific-intent offenses charged; and he either failed to inform her 

that the mandatory seven-year minimum sentence under count 2 could not be

reduced for good time, or affirmatively informed her that it could be so reduced. 

She also generally asserted plea counsel should have prevented her from 

entering guilty pleas or from going to immediate sentencing after the pleas were 

entered, based on her distraught mental state and claimed lack of understanding 

of the plea agreement or the rights she was giving up by pleading guilty and 

proceeding to immediate sentencing. The State answered and sought summary 

disposition. O’Hara resisted the motion.

2

 The matter was scheduled for trial. 

 

2 O’Hara’s attorney and substitute attorney were both allowed to withdraw after the 

motion for summary dismissal. The record contains no ruling on the motion. 
5

On the date of the PCR trial, O’Hara’s counsel asked to leave the record 

open because the pharmacies from which O’Hara obtained her prescriptions had 

not yet complied with requests for her medication records. The court denied the 

request to keep the record open. 

At the PCR hearing, O’Hara testified that on the day before the offenses 

(which occurred in the early morning hours of November 29, 2012), she had 

taken several medications (Xanax, Depakote, Klonopin, Concerta, Prednisone, 

Tramadol, and an antibiotic) and she did not remember much of what happened 

thereafter. She further testified the Depakote and Concerta prescriptions had 

been previously prescribed “mental medicines.” She testified that on the day of 

the offenses, she had gone to the doctor

because I was not feeling good and had a broken finger. And the 

doctor put me on some prescriptions for my breathing and for my 

broken finger and I remember asking the doctor am I going to be 

okay taking this with my mental medicines because I was 

prescribed some pretty heavy medication through my psychiatrist. 

Well, right after I stopped at the doctor I did go to my psychiatrist 

and my psychiatrist had added a new prescription for me to go with 

it and I said the same thing to my psychiatrist. And they said I 

should be okay taking them together. 

. . . .

The doctor had prescribed me Prednisone, and Tramadol 

and antibiotic, I’m not sure the name of that. And then my 

psychiatrist had added Klonopin that day.

Q. So you would have taken all of those medications that 

day? A. Yes.

The new prescriptions added that day were Prednisone, Tramadol, Klonopin, and 

the antibiotic. 

O’Hara testified she had no memory of committing any of the offenses to 

which she pled. She stated she was aware that under the plea agreement there 

was a mandatory-minimum sentence. O’Hara asserted, however, she believed 
6

she would be able to shorten that mandatory sentence with good-time credit and 

had she known credit would not be available she “would have took it to trial.” 

Plea counsel testified that he would have told O’Hara the mandatoryminimum sentence was seven years, which meant seven years before she would 

see the parole board. He also stated, had O’Hara gone to trial, she was facing a 

mandatory-minimum sentence of seventeen and one-half years in prison. 

Counsel testified he would have explained the difference between an insanity 

defense and diminished capacity defense to O’Hara and he did not believe either 

would be successful. He also testified he did not have any concerns about 

O’Hara’s ability to understand the implications of the pleas and sentencing. 

The PCR court rejected the ineffectiveness claims and dismissed the 

application. The court’s ruling included a finding defense counsel’s “investigation 

and evaluation of the potential defenses related to the applicant’s mental 

condition was appropriate, as was his evaluation of the potential risks and 

rewards of proceeding to trial or accepting the best plea agreement that he was 

able to negotiate under the circumstances presented.”

On appeal, O’Hara focuses her dissatisfaction on PCR counsel. She 

argues “her postconviction relief counsel was ineffective for failing to present the 

evidence necessary for the court to evaluate the claim that her trial counsel failed 

to properly evaluate her mental health condition and potential defenses to the 

charges.”

In order to prevail on her claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, O’Hara 

must prove PCR counsel’s performance was defective and resulted in prejudice. 

See Dunbar v. State, 515 N.W.2d 12, 15 (Iowa 1994). To show prejudice, she 
7

must establish “the deficient performance so prejudiced [her] as to give rise to 

the reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s errors, the result of the 

proceeding would have been different.” See id.

We review ineffectiveness claims de novo. Ledezma v. State, 626 N.W.2d 

134, 141 (Iowa 2001) (noting scope of review). 

“When complaining about the adequacy of an attorney’s representation, it 

is not enough to simply claim that counsel should have done a better job. The 

applicant must state the specific ways in which counsel’s performance was 

inadequate and identify how competent representation probably would have 

changed the outcome.” Dunbar, 515 N.W.2d at 15 (internal citation omitted). 

O’Hara does not identify what evidence could have been presented or 

how that might have changed the result of the PCR trial. She specified the 

prescriptions she had taken. The record indicates O’Hara specifically asked her 

doctor and the psychiatrist if the medications could be taken together—she was 

told yes. She acknowledges that she does not “believe” she had consumed 

alcohol or recreational drugs that day. O’Hara does not explain how the 

pharmacy records would have changed the result. O’Hara has failed to establish

prejudice. Consequently, we affirm the district court’s denial of her PCR 

application.

AFFIRMED.