IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 18-0091

Filed April 4, 2018

IN THE INTEREST OF L.G.,

Minor Child,

A.S., Mother,

Appellant

J.G., Father,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Linn County, Susan F. Flaherty, 

Associate Juvenile Judge.

A father and mother separately appeal the juvenile court order terminating 

their parental rights. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.

Katherine M. Hartman Eastvold, Coralville, for appellant mother.

Kristin L. Denniger, Cedar Rapids, for appellant father.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Kathryn K. Lang, Assistant 

Attorney General, for appellee State.

Kimberly A. Opatz of Linn County Advocate, Inc., Cedar Rapids, guardian 

ad litem for minor child.

Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vaitheswaran and Bower, JJ.
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BOWER, Judge.

A mother and father separately appeal the juvenile court decision 

terminating their parental rights. We find there was sufficient evidence to terminate 

parental rights, the juvenile court properly declined to apply exceptions to 

termination, and termination is in the best interests of the child. We affirm the 

juvenile court.

I. Background Facts and Proceedings

The mother began using drugs, primarily methamphetamine, around age 

eleven, and the father also reported beginning to use drugs in his early 

adolescence, including heroin and methamphetamine.1 L.G. was born in June

2017. L.G. and the mother tested positive for methamphetamine at the time of the 

birth; the father would not consent to a drug test. L.G. was removed from the 

parents on June 5 and placed in foster care. L.G. was adjudicated a child in need 

of assistance on June 8.

The mother has struggled with maintaining sobriety. She has repeatedly 

tested positive for methamphetamine although she participated in a variety of 

substance-abuse treatment programs. The mother attended visits with L.G. 

consistently and provided formula, diapers, and clothing for L.G. The mother was 

in jail at the time of the termination hearing with a pending probation revocation,

along with new charges of forgery and theft. She acknowledged she would not be 

able to resume care of L.G. at the time of the hearing. The mother also admitted 

her relationship with the father involved instances of domestic violence, though 

 

1 The mother was thirty-three years old and the father thirty-four years old at the time of 

the hearing.
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both the mother and father attempted to minimize its impact. The juvenile court 

found the parents did not follow through on recommended services.

The father refused to comply with drug testing at the time of the birth. 

However, he later admitted to heroin and marijuana use. Eventually, he completed 

a substance-abuse evaluation and attended some treatment. Even after treatment 

he continued to have positive drug screens, though he consistently attended

services. The father had a pending charge of delivery of a controlled substance 

as a habitual offender. By his own admission, he used heroin and 

methamphetamine approximately one week before the termination hearing but 

was adamant he was not addicted.

The termination hearing was held December on 22. The parents’ parental 

rights were terminated on December 29. The parents now appeal.

II. Standard of Review

The standard of review in termination cases is de novo. In re D.W., 791 

N.W.2d 703, 706 (Iowa 2010). Clear and convincing evidence is needed to 

establish the grounds for termination. In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 798 (Iowa 2006). 

Where there is clear and convincing evidence, there is no serious or substantial 

doubt about the correctness of the conclusion drawn from the evidence. In re D.D., 

653 N.W.2d 359, 361 (Iowa 2002). The paramount concern in termination 

proceedings is the best interests of the child. In re L.L., 459 N.W.2d 489, 493 

(Iowa 1990).
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III. Sufficiency of the Evidence

The father claims there is insufficient evidence to support termination of his 

parental rights. The juvenile court terminated the father’s parental rights pursuant 

to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h) (2017). The father claims the child could have 

been returned to his care at the time of the termination hearing.

The father concedes “the family obviously has ongoing needs” but claims 

“[h]e is committed to providing a safe and stable home for [L.G.]” He points to his 

continuing engagement with services as an indication he is committed to changing 

his life. The father believes he will be able to maintain employment, stay financially 

secure, attend treatment, stay sober, and properly care for L.G. 

We disagree. Shortly before trial, the father resumed his use of heroin and 

methamphetamine. The father continues to promise change and sobriety but has 

not demonstrated any willingness or ability to attain either. We find the evidence 

was sufficient to support termination.

IV. Best Interests 

Both the father and mother claim termination is not in the child’s best 

interests. After finding a ground for termination exists, we are to “consider the 

factors under section 232.116(2). Section 232.116(2) requires us to “give primary 

consideration to the child’s safety, to the best placement for furthering the longterm nurturing and growth of the child, and to the physical, mental, and emotional 

condition and needs of the child.” In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 40 (Iowa 2010) 

(internal citations omitted).

We find the child’s best interests are served by termination. Neither the 

father nor the mother has shown real, significant, sustained progress in addressing 
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substance-abuse or domestic-violence issues. The father is facing pending 

criminal charges and admitted he used heroin and methamphetamine shortly 

before the termination hearing. He consistently tested positive for drug use and 

was unwilling and unable to make progress towards sobriety. The mother was 

facing probation revocation and pending criminal charges at the time of the 

termination hearing. She made some progress in addressing her substance-abuse 

issues but also tested positive for drug use during the pendency of the case.

L.G. is young, and the foster family wishes to adopt. Terminating the 

parents’ rights will provide a path to safety, stability, and growth for L.G. We cannot 

ask this child to continue to wait for a biological parent to be stable enough to 

provide care. See D.W., 791 N.W.2d at 707.

V. Exceptions

The mother claims termination of her parental rights should have been 

precluded because the emotional bond between the mother and L.G. is so strong 

termination would adversely affect the child. The mother also claims she should 

be given additional time to work toward reunification. 

The juvenile court does not need to terminate parental rights if “[t]here is 

clear and convincing evidence that the termination would be detrimental to the 

child at the time due to the closeness of the parent-child relationship.” Iowa Code 

§ 232.116(3)(c). “The court has discretion, based on the unique circumstances of 

each case and the best interests of the child, whether to apply the factors in this 

section to save the parent-child relationship.” In re D.S., 806 N.W.2d 458, 475 

(Iowa Ct. App. 2011). 
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Our supreme court has held that “once the State has proven a ground for 

termination, the parent resisting termination bears the burden to establish an 

exception to termination.” In re A.S., 906 N.W.2d 467, 476 (Iowa 2018). The 

mother did not present any evidence at the hearing regarding the emotional bond 

nor the alleged detrimental effect to the child. We find the mother did not meet her 

burden to establish the exception applied to this case.

The mother also claims she should be granted an additional six months to 

work toward reunification. She points out her diligent visitation attendance, her 

engagement with services, and her appropriate interaction with L.G. as evidence 

she is able to properly parent. However, the mother was in jail at the time of the 

termination hearing. She hoped she would be placed in a residential facility 

instead of prison, but in either placement she would be unable to care for L.G. In 

order to be reunited with L.G. the mother would need to address the pending 

criminal charges, prove her ability to respond to substance abuse treatment, 

demonstrate her sobriety outside of custody, and address the domestic violence 

issues with L.G.’s father. It is extremely unlikely the mother would be able to 

address these issues in six months, at least part of which she would be in custody. 

We find the juvenile court properly declined to grant an additional six months. 

AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.