In the

Court of Appeals

Second Appellate District of Texas

at Fort Worth

___________________________

No. 02-19-00391-CV

___________________________

On Appeal from the 352nd District Court

Tarrant County, Texas

Trial Court No. 352-304203-18

Before Sudderth, C.J.; Kerr and Womack, JJ.

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Womack

ALVIN WESTLEY, Appellant

V.

J. SPENCER NILSSON AND NILSSON LEGAL GROUP, PLLC, Appellees
2

MEMORANDUM OPINION

I. INTRODUCTION

Appellant Alvin Westley sued Appellees J. Spencer Nilsson and Nilsson Legal 

Group, PLLC (collectively, Nilsson) over their representation of him in his divorce 

proceeding. The trial court granted a no-evidence summary judgment for Nilsson, 

and Westley appeals from that judgment. Because Westley did not respond to the

summary judgment motion, the trial court did not err by granting judgment for 

Nilsson, and we therefore affirm.

II. BACKGROUND

In Westley’s November 2018 petition, he alleged that Nilsson had failed to 

prevent Westley’s then-wife from wasting community assets and from committing 

fraud on the community estate. Based on these allegations, he asserted claims for 

negligence, negligent misrepresentation, and breach of fiduciary duty. A few months 

after Westley filed his petition, his attorney filed an unopposed motion to withdraw. 

The trial court granted the motion, and Westley, who is incarcerated, represented 

himself pro se for the rest of the trial court proceedings. 

In September 2019, Nilsson moved for a no-evidence summary judgment,

asserting that there was no evidence to support the elements of each of Westley’s 

claims. Westley did not file a response to the motion, a motion for leave to file an 

untimely response, or a motion for continuance of the summary judgment hearing.
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On October 2, 2019, the trial court notified the parties that the motion would 

be heard the next week on October 9; the trial court had previously scheduled a 

hearing for that date for various motions filed by Westley. Westley appeared at the 

hearing by telephone. Westley did not object that he had not received twenty-one 

days’ notice of the hearing, and he acknowledged that he had not responded to the 

summary judgment motion, stating that he “did not know [that he] had to file 

anything on that one.” See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(i). At the conclusion of the hearing, 

the trial court signed an order granting the motion and dismissing Westley’s claims. 

Westley then filed a motion to set aside the summary judgment, arguing that he

had not received twenty-one days’ notice of the summary judgment hearing. At the 

hearing on the motion to set aside, Nilsson argued that Westley was required to object 

to the lack of notice at the summary judgment hearing and had failed to do so. After 

the trial court asked Nilsson’s attorney for case law to support that argument, 

Nilsson’s attorney responded, “I don’t have any available, but if the [c]ourt would 

permit a 10-minute recess . . . perhaps I could come back with that case law.” The 

trial court granted that request over Westley’s objection, and, after the recess, 

Nilsson’s attorney provided the court with two cases: Nguyen v. Short, How, Frels & 

Heitz, P.C., 108 S.W.3d 558, 561 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2003, pet. denied), and Rios v. 

Tex. Bank, 948 S.W.2d 30, 33 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1997, no writ). The 

trial court then denied Westley’s motion. Westley now appeals. 
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III. DISCUSSION

A. Standard of Review

After an adequate time for discovery, the party without the burden of proof 

may, without presenting evidence, move for summary judgment on the ground that 

no evidence supports an essential element of the nonmovant’s claim or defense. Tex. 

R. Civ. P. 166a(i). The motion must specifically state the elements for which no 

evidence exists. Id.; Timpte Indus., Inc. v. Gish, 286 S.W.3d 306, 310 (Tex. 2009). The 

trial court must grant the motion unless the nonmovant produces summary judgment

evidence that raises a genuine, material fact issue. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(i) & 1997 

cmt.; Hamilton v. Wilson, 249 S.W.3d 425, 426 (Tex. 2008). But if the nonmovant 

brings forward more than a scintilla of probative evidence that raises a genuine issue 

of material fact, then a no-evidence summary judgment is not proper. Smith v. 

O’Donnell, 288 S.W.3d 417, 424 (Tex. 2009); King Ranch, Inc. v. Chapman, 118 S.W.3d 

742, 751 (Tex. 2003).

B. Westley’s Arguments

Westley’s brief does not contain a statement of issues, see Tex. R. App. P. 

38.1(f), but he challenges the summary judgment in four general categories of 

arguments. We therefore construe his brief to raise a single issue challenging the 

summary judgment and to raise multiple arguments in support of that issue. 
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1. Nilsson was entitled to judgment after Westley failed to respond to 

the no-evidence motion.

Westley argues that summary judgment was improper because he sent trial 

exhibits to the trial court and because he sent responses to Nilsson’s requests for 

disclosure, although he acknowledges that Nilsson did not receive the discovery 

responses that he had mailed because they were returned by the post office. But if 

Westley wished to assert that evidence before the trial court raised a fact issue

sufficient to defeat the no-evidence motion, he had to timely file a response to the 

motion raising that issue. See Imkie v. Methodist Hosp., 326 S.W.3d 339, 343 (Tex. 

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, no pet.) (op. on reh’g); Landers v. State Farm Lloyds, 

257 S.W.3d 740, 746 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.). Westley does 

not contend that he filed a response that pointed out to the trial court the evidence

that he was relying on to create a fact issue, and the trial court was not required to 

search the record on its own for evidence supporting Westley’s claims. See Shelton v. 

Sargent, 144 S.W.3d 113, 120 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2004, pet. denied). 

Some evidence—Westley’s divorce decree—was provided to the trial court, but

that evidence was provided by Nilsson and was not provided until the hearing on the 

no-evidence motion. But even were the trial court to consider that evidence, but see

Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c), (i), Westley did not explain to the trial court how that 
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document raised a fact issue on the challenged elements of his claims.

1

 See Imkie, 

326 S.W.3d at 343; Shelton, 144 S.W.3d at 120. Even on appeal, Westley does not 

argue how that document supports his claims. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(i). We 

overrule this part of Westley’s issue.

2. Westley’s complaint about the timing of the hearing does not require 

reversal.

Westley also argues that the judgment must be reversed because he did not 

receive twenty-one days’ notice of the hearing on the summary judgment motion.

Westley, however, did not timely raise this complaint. 

Rule 166a(c) requires that both a summary judgment motion and notice of the 

hearing on the motion be served at least twenty-one days before the hearing date. 

Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c). But lack of sufficient notice of the hearing is a type of defect 

that may be waived. Viesca v. Andrews, No. 01-13-00659-CV, 2014 WL 4260355, at *6

(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 28, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.). And any 

complaint about insufficient notice of the summary judgment hearing is waived when 

the nonmovant has notice of the hearing date before the hearing occurs and the 

1Nilsson argued at the hearing that, under the decree, Westley was awarded any 

assets that had not been disclosed by his wife. Nilsson also noted that the decree 

stated that Westley had read the decree and had voluntarily signed it, that it was a just 

and right division of the marital estate, and that he had not signed it under coercion or 

duress. Although parts of the decree were read at the hearing, the decree is not in the 

record. As noted, Westley does not explain how this decree, or any evidence he sent 

to the trial court as trial exhibits, raises a fact issue about whether his wife defrauded

the community estate or wasted community assets and whether Nilsson failed to 

protect him from his wife’s actions or made misrepresentations to him.
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nonmovant fails to complain at or before the hearing. Caudle v. Oak Forest Apartments, 

No. 02-14-00308-CV, 2015 WL 9244874, at *4 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Dec. 17, 

2015, pet. denied) (mem. op.). 

Westley did not raise any complaint about insufficient notice until after the trial 

court had granted summary judgment. Although the notice that Westley received was 

inadequate under the rules, Westley had some notice, and he therefore had the ability 

to bring the matter to the trial court’s attention and to preserve his complaint. He did

not do so. Accordingly, Westley waived this complaint. See id.; Rockwell v. Wells Fargo 

Bank, N.A., No. 02-12-00100-CV, 2012 WL 4936619, at *2 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 

Oct. 18, 2012, no pet.) (mem. op.). We overrule this part of Westley’s issue. 

3. The trial court’s treatment of Westley does not merit reversal. 

Westley makes several arguments about what he perceives to be unfairness in 

the trial court’s treatment of him. He contends that the trial court held him to a 

higher legal standard than Nilsson, and he complains that the trial court granted a 

recess at the hearing on the motion to set aside so that Nilsson could provide the trial 

court with case law but did not give him (Westley) leeway on his failure to respond to 

Nilsson’s summary judgment motion. But the acts of granting summary judgment 

and allowing a short recess at a hearing do not show unfair treatment by the trial

court, much less unfair treatment that resulted in an erroneous judgment. A trial 

court has the discretion to grant a recess, see Dow Chem. Co. v. Francis, 46 S.W.3d 237, 

240–41 (Tex. 2001) (stating that trial courts have great discretion over the conduct of 
8

a trial); Cont’l Dredging, Inc. v. De-Kaizered, Inc., 120 S.W.3d 380, 398 (Tex. App.—

Texarkana 2003, pet. denied) (“The granting of a recess is generally considered to be 

within the sound discretion of the trial court.”), but the trial court must grant a noevidence summary judgment when the motion meets the requirements of Rule 166a 

and the nonmovant has filed no response. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(i) (“The court must

grant the motion unless the respondent produces summary judgment evidence raising 

a genuine issue of material fact.” (emphasis added)); Eitel v. Horobec, No. 02-12-00500-

CV, 2014 WL 584780, at *3 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Feb. 13, 2014, no pet.) (mem. 

op.) (noting that failure to produce summary judgment evidence on challenged 

elements in response to no-evidence motion for summary judgment requires trial 

court to grant no-evidence motion). Nilsson’s motion challenged specific, essential

elements of Westley’s claims for which he would have had the burden of proof at 

trial.2 See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(i) (setting out requirements for no-evidence motion); 

2As to Westley’s legal-malpractice claim, the no-evidence motion asserted that 

there was no evidence of breach of duty, cause in fact, proximate cause, or damages

and that Westley would have the burden of proof on those elements at trial. See Rogers 

v. Zanetti, 518 S.W.3d 394, 400 (Tex. 2017) (“To prove a legal-malpractice claim, the 

client must establish that[ ] (1) the lawyer owed a duty of care to the client; (2) the 

lawyer breached that duty; and (3) the lawyer’s breach proximately caused damage to

the client.”). Regarding Westley’s negligent-misrepresentation claim, the no-evidence 

motion asserted that there was no evidence that Nilsson supplied false information, 

that Nilsson had failed to exercise reasonable care in gathering and disseminating the 

allegedly false information, or that Westley had suffered damages due to justifiable 

reliance. See Maddox v. Vantage Energy, LLC, 361 S.W.3d 752, 760 n.9 (Tex. App.—

Fort Worth 2012, pet. denied) (setting out the elements of a negligentmisrepresentation claim, including that the plaintiff justifiably relied on the 

information supplied by the defendant in the course of the defendant’s profession and 
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Timpte Indus., Inc. 286 S.W.3d at 310 (noting that a no-evidence motion must be 

specific in challenging the evidentiary support for a claim’s element). And Westley 

does not argue that by the trial court’s treatment of him, he was somehow prevented 

from filing a response to Nilsson’s summary judgment motion. See Tex. R. App. 

P. 38.1. 

Westley cites to cases stating that a pro se litigant is afforded extra leeway in 

complying with procedural rules for litigation, but the cases he provides are all federal 

cases governing proceedings in federal court. See, e.g., Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 

520, 92 S. Ct. 594, 596 (1972); Enron Oil Corp. v. Diakuhara, 10 F.3d 90, 96 (2d Cir. 

1993). In Texas, although we liberally construe parties’ briefs, we hold pro se litigants 

to the same standard as attorneys. Ellis v. Barineau, No. 02-19-00252-CV, 2020 WL 

2608410, at *3 & n.1 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth May 21, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op.). 

And here, the summary judgment did not result from the trial court’s holding Westley

to a higher standard than Nilsson’s attorney; the judgment was the necessary result of 

Westley’s failure to respond to the no-evidence motion. 

that the defendant failed to exercise reasonable care or competence in obtaining or 

communicating the information). As for Westley’s breach-of-fiduciary-duty claim, 

Nilsson alleged that there was no evidence of their breach of fiduciary duty to 

Westley, damages, or causation. See First United Pentecostal Church of Beaumont v. Parker, 

514 S.W.3d 214, 220–21 (Tex. 2017) (stating that the elements of a breach-offiduciary-duty claim seeking recovery of actual damages are the existence of a 

fiduciary duty, breach of the duty, causation, and damages).
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4. Westley’s discovery-related complaints do not show reversible error.

Westley also complains about various matters related to discovery, but none of 

his complaints show reversible error.

First, Westley complains about Nilsson’s failure to initially provide addresses 

for all of Nilsson’s witnesses and statements about each witness’s connection to the 

case.3 Westley also asserts that he did not receive his entire client file from Nilsson. 

But assuming that these allegations are factually accurate, Westley did not argue to the

trial court—and does not argue on appeal—that not having more witness information

and his complete client file prevented him from filing a summary judgment response. 

See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1. 

Westley makes other arguments about having sent discovery responses to 

Nilsson that were returned to him due to postal restrictions. But, again, Westley does 

not argue that any of these mailings to Nilsson contained a summary judgment

response or that he was, through no fault of his own, prevented from filing a response 

3Westley acknowledges that Nilsson filed supplemental discovery responses 

disclosing the addresses of all witnesses except for their expert witness. As for the

expert witness, that witness is a former trial judge for whom Nilsson had only a home 

address, which Nilsson was reluctant to disclose for privacy reasons. At the hearing, 

which began by addressing Westley’s motions, the trial court gave Nilsson fourteen

days to obtain an address for the witness for correspondence with Westley for 

purposes of this case. Westley argues on appeal that Nilsson did not file a motion for 

a protective order regarding the address, but this complaint, like his other discoveryrelated complaints, does not show reversible error; he does not explain how the lack

of an address prevented him from filing a response to the no-evidence motion.
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with the trial court.4 Westley acknowledges that he filed no response to the noevidence motion. Consequently, we overrule the remaining part of his sole issue.

IV. CONCLUSION

Having overruled Westley’s sole issue, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

/s/ Dana Womack

Dana Womack

Justice

Delivered: July 22, 2021

4Westley’s focus on the discovery responses may be a reflection of the 

arguments at the summary judgment hearing. The summary judgment part of the 

hearing did not begin with argument about whether the no-evidence motion complied 

with Rule 166a and whether Westley had filed a response to the motion. Instead, the 

trial court heard Nilsson’s arguments about why Westley’s divorce decree defeated 

Westley’s claims. The trial court then asked Westley whether he had provided Nilsson 

with evidence to support his claims, and the parties discussed Westley’s attempts at 

complying with Nilsson’s discovery requests. Only after that discussion did the trial 

court ask Westley if he had filed a response to the no-evidence motion.