* After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is

not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata,

and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value

consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1. 

FILED

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

June 16, 2010

Elisabeth A. Shumaker

Clerk of Court

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

VICTORIA SETHUNYA,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

WEBER STATE UNIVERSITY; ANN

MILLNER; JAN WINNIFORD;

RICHARD HILL; MORTEZA

EMAMI; KAREN GARCIA;

JEFFREY HURST; JOHN ALLRED;

MARK SIMPSON; CHRISTOPHER

REVIERA; BRET ELLIS,

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 09-4218

(D.C. No. 1:08-CV-00163-DAK)

(D. Utah)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before BRISCOE, Chief Judge, TYMKOVICH, and GORSUCH, Circuit

Judges.
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Victoria Sethunya, appearing pro se, appeals the district court’s dismissal

of her complaint pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6). Our

jurisdiction arises under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we AFFIRM.

The parties are familiar with the facts and procedural history of this case,

the district court detailed both, Sethunya v. Weber State Univ., No. 1:08-cv-163

DAK, 2009 WL 3460303, *1 (D. Utah Oct. 21, 2009) (unpublished), and we need

not restate that material here. Suffice it to say that Ms. Sethunya, who is from

Lesotho, Africa, sued Weber State University (WSU) and several WSU

employees, after an alleged computer glitch caused her name to be removed from

WSU’s international student list. In her amended complaint, she raised numerous

state law and constitutional violations stemming from her “legal status to be a

student in the US . . . accidentally [being] taken away.” R., Vol. I at 55,

¶ 75a.(ii). WSU filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), and the

WSU employees (hereinafter the “individual defendants”) filed a motion to

dismiss pursuant to Rules 12(b)(1) and (6). 

The case was referred to a magistrate judge, 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B), who

recommended granting the defendants’ motions. Specifically, the magistrate

judge determined (1) that WSU is an arm of the state of Utah and immune from

suit under the Eleventh Amendment; (2) that Ex Parte Young, 209 U.S. 123,

159-60 (1908), is inapplicable to Ms. Sethunya’s claim against WSU for

prospective injunctive relief; (3) that Ms. Sethunya’s constitutionally-based
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discrimination claim fails as a matter of law because she did not allege that any of

the individual defendants discriminated against her; and (4) that her

cruel-and-unusual-treatment claim against the individual defendants fails as a

matter of law because an Eighth Amendment claim “may only be asserted against

‘prison officials and those to whom they delegate penological responsibilities for

prisoners.’” Sethunya, 2009 WL 3460303, *3 (quoting Smith v. Cochran,

339 F.3d 1205, 1213 (10th Cir. 2003)). The magistrate judge also determined that

the district court did not have subject matter jurisdiction over Ms. Sethunya’s

state law claims against the individual defendants because her notice of claim, see

Utah Code Ann. § 63G-7-401, did not name any of the individual defendants or

contain allegations against any of them. Next, the magistrate judge concluded

(apparently in the alternative) that even if Ms. Sethunya had properly named the

individual defendants, the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over her

negligence and intentional-infliction-of-emotional-distress claims because her

notice of claim for these two causes of action was untimely. And finally, the

magistrate judge found that because Ms. Sethunya’s amended complaint did not

indicate when allegedly libelous and defamatory statements were made, it was

impossible to determine whether her notice of claim for libel and defamation was

timely. Thus, “[b]ecause [Ms. Sethunya’s] claims against WSU and the

individual defendants [we]re deficient,” the magistrate judge recommended “that
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WSU’s and the individual defendants’ motions to dismiss be granted.” Sethunya,

2009 WL 3460303, *4 (footnote omitted). 

After de novo review of Ms. Sethunya’s objections to the report and

recommendation, the district court “approve[d] and adopte[d] [it] in its entirety.”

R., Vol. I at 470. This appeal followed. 

Liberally construing Ms. Sethunya’s pro se appellate filings, see Merryfield

v. Jordan, 584 F.3d 923, 924 n.1 (10th Cir. 2009), she—as best we can discern—

(1) takes issue with the district court’s determination that WSU is immune from

suit under the Eleventh Amendment; (2) raises First and Fourteenth Amendment

claims; (3) raises consumer fraud and false advertising claims; (4) challenges the

district court’s determination that “other motions filed in connection with the

motion to dismiss are . . . MOOT,” R., Vol. I at 470; (5) contends that she is

entitled to monetary and non-monetary relief for damages inflicted by defendants;

(6) asserts that “the university violated enrollment law,” Aplt. Opening Br. at 7;

(7) alleges WSU violated her due process and equal protection rights; (8) seeks

“her US Immigration Status” from the Tenth Circuit, id. at 10; (9) contends

“[t]here is no other race affected and continuing to be affected by ‘computer

errors,’” id. at 11; (10) asserts that the district court judge should have recused

and the Utah Attorney General’s Office has a conflict of interest; (11) takes issue

with the district court’s determination that her notice of claim was untimely;

(12) contends that WSU and the individual defendants engaged in a conspiracy to
1 In reviewing the district court’s dismissal pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6),

we assume the factual allegations are true and ask whether it is

plausible that the plaintiff is entitled to relief. A claim has facial

plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the

court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for

the misconduct alleged. Conclusory allegations are not enough to

withstand a motion to dismiss. 

Gallagher v. Shelton, 587 F.3d 1063, 1068 (10th Cir. 2009) (citations and

quotation omitted).

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avoid penalties under 18 U.S.C. § 1546 (fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and

other documents); (13) contends that WSU and the individual defendants

“engaged in a scheme to defraud,” Aplt. Opening Br. at 16, in violation of

18 U.S.C. § 371; and (14) complains that the district court “did not look at all of

the documents [she] submitted,” Aplt. Opening Br. at 23.

“Eleventh Amendment immunity is a question of federal law and our

review is de novo.” Steadfast Ins. Co. v. Agric. Ins. Co., 507 F.3d 1250, 1253

(10th Cir. 2007). We also review de novo a district court’s grant of a motion to

dismiss where dismissal was requested pursuant to either Rule 12(b)(1) or

12(b)(6). See Colo. Envtl. Coal. v. Wenker, 353 F.3d 1221, 1227 (10th Cir.

2004).1

Having reviewed the briefs, the record, and the applicable law pursuant to

the above-mentioned standards, we hold that Ms. Sethunya has failed to identify

any reversible error in this case. We therefore AFFIRM the judgment of the
2 To the extent Ms. Sethunya’s opening brief raises arguments that were not

presented to the district court, those arguments are waived on appeal. See D.L. v.

Unified Sch. Dist. No. 497, 596 F.3d 768, 775-76 (10th Cir. 2010).

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district court for substantially the same reasons set forth in the magistrate judge’s

report and recommendation.2

Entered for the Court

Mary Beck Briscoe

Chief Circuit Judge