# Patent

## Title
Salt forms of [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-beta, alpha-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid

## Abstract

Novel salt forms of [R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid characterized by their X-ray powder diffraction pattern and solid-state NMR spectra are described, as well as methods for the preparation and pharmaceutical composition of the same, which are useful as agents for treating hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and Alzheimer's Disease.

## Background
This application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 11/579,656 filed on Mar. 12, 2008, now allowed which is a 371 of PCT/1B2005/001237 filed on Apr. 25, 2005, which claims benefit of provisional application U.S. Ser. No. 60/568,379 filed on May 5, 2004, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to novel salt forms of atorvastatin which is known by the chemical name [R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, useful as pharmaceutical agents, to methods for their production and isolation to pharmaceutical compositions which include these compounds and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, as well as methods of using such compositions to treat subjects, including human subjects, suffering from hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, benign prostatic hyperplasia, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer's Disease.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonate is an early and rate-limiting step in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. This step is catalyzed by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase from catalyzing this conversion. As such, statins are collectively potent lipid lowering agents.
Atorvastatin calcium is currently sold as Lipitor® having the chemical name [R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (2:1) trihydrate and the formula:




The nonproprietary name designated by USAN (United States Adopted Names) is atorvastatin calcium and by INN (International Nonproprietary Name) is atorvastatin. Under the established guiding principles of USAN, the salt is included in the name whereas under INN guidelines, a salt description is not included in the name.
Atorvastatin calcium is a selective, competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. As such, atorvastatin calcium is a potent lipid lowering compound and is thus useful as a hypolipidemic and/or hypocholesterolemic agent, as well as in the treatment of osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and Alzheimer's disease.
A number of patents have issued disclosing atorvastatin calcium, formulations of atorvastatin calcium, as well as processes and key intermediates for preparing atorvastatin calcium. These include: U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,681,893; 5,273,995; 5,003,080; 5,097,045; 5,103,024; 5,124,482; 5,149,837; 5,155,251; 5,216,174; 5,245,047; 5,248,793; 5,280,126; 5,397,792; 5,342,952; 5,298,627; 5,446,054; 5,470,981; 5,489,690; 5,489,691; 5,510,488; 5,686,104; 5,998,633; 6,087,511; 6,126,971; 6,433,213; and 6,476,235, which are herein incorporated by reference.
Atorvastatin calcium can exist in crystalline, liquid-crystalline, non-crystalline and amorphous forms.
Crystalline forms of atorvastatin calcium are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,969,156, 6,121,461, and 6,605,729 which are herein incorporated by reference.
Additionally, a number of published International Patent Applications have disclosed crystalline forms of atorvastatin calcium, as well as processes for preparing amorphous atorvastatin calcium. These include: WO 00/71116; WO 01/28999; WO 01/36384; WO 01/42209; WO 02/41834; WO 02/43667; WO 02/43732; WO 02/051804; WO 02/057228; WO 02/057229; WO 02/057274; WO 02/059087; WO 02/072073; WO 02/083637; WO 02/083638; and WO 02/089788.
Atorvastatin is prepared as its calcium salt, i.e., [R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (2:1). The calcium salt is desirable since it enables atorvastatin to be conveniently formulated in, for example, tablets, capsules, lozenges, powders, and the like for oral administration.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995 discloses the mono-sodium, mono-potassium, hemi-calcium. N-methylglucamine, hemi-magnesium, hemi-zinc, and the 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol (N-methylglucamine) salts of atorvastatin.
Also, atorvastatin free acid, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995, can be used to prepare these salts of atorvastatin.
Additionally, U.S. Pat. No. 6,583,295 B1 discloses a series of amine salts of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors which are used in a process for isolation and/or purification of these HMG-CoA reductase. The tertiary butylamine and dicyclohexylamine salts of atorvastatin are disclosed.
We have now surprisingly and unexpectedly found novel salt forms of atorvastatin including salts with ammonium, benethamine, benzathine, dibenzylamine, diethylamine, L-lysine, morpholine, olamine, piperazine, and 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol which have desirable properties. Additionally, we have surprisingly and unexpectedly found novel crystalline forms of atorvastatin which include salts with erbumine and sodium which have desirable properties. As such, these salt forms are pharmaceutically acceptable and can be used to prepare pharmaceutical formulations. Thus, the present invention provides basic salts of atorvastatin that are pure, have good stability, and have advantageous formulation properties compared to prior salt forms of atorvastatin.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, a first aspect of the invention is directed to atorvastatin ammonium and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the 2θ and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >30% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>30%)



















3.5
49.0



4.4
34.8



7.4
36.5



7.8
58.0



8.8
53.9



9.3
44.1



9.9
43.8



10.6
80.3



12.4
35.1



14.1
30.1



16.8
54.5



18.3
56.2



19.0
67.8



19.5
100.0



20.3
81.4



21.4
69.0



21.6
63.8



23.1
65.5



23.9
63.8



24.8
69.0










In a second aspect, the invention is directed to Form A atorvastatin benethamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the 2θ and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >8% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>8%)



















4.7
42.2



5.3
21.7



6.0
12.9



7.8
9.6



8.9
53.3



9.5
84.4



10.5
10.6



12.0
11.5



13.8
12.1



14.3
13.3



15.6
20.1



16.7
24.6



16.9
19.9



17.6
52.7



17.8
53.1



18.1
59.7



18.8
100.0



19.1
39.1



19.9
42.4



21.3
36.2



21.9
22.8



22.7
19.8



23.6
52.4



24.3
23.5



25.9
23.5



26.3
36.2



27.0
13.5



27.9
11.8



28.8
9.4



29.6
9.8










In a third aspect, the invention is directed to Form A atorvastatin benethamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in parts per million (ppm):














Peak #
ppm*



















1
180.1



2
178.8



3
165.1



4
164.1



5
162.8



6
161.7



7
160.7



8
140.6



9
139.6



10
137.9



11
136.1



12
133.0



13
129.6



14
127.3



15
126.4



16
125.4



17
123.1



18
122.5



19
121.6



20
121.1



21
119.9



22
116.4



23
115.4



24
114.5



25
114.0



26
66.0



27
65.5



28
64.6



29
53.6



30
51.5



31
51.0



32
47.8



33
44.6



34
43.3



35
41.4



36
40.9



37
38.5



38
37.7



39
36.8



40
34.0



41
32.7



42
26.5



43
25.1



44
23.5



45
23.1



46
19.7



47
19.1







*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






In a fourth aspect, the present invention is directed to Form A atorvastatin benethamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following solid-state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in parts per million:














Peak #
ppm*



















1
−113.2



2
−114.2







*Values in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic acid (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.






In a fifth aspect, the invention is directed to Form B atorvastatin benethamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the 2θ and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >6% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>6%)



















4.1
9.8



5.0
11.3



5.8
8.8



7.1
10.4



8.4
13.3



8.9
53.2



10.0
8.1



11.6
13.6



12.6
16.6



14.4
46.3



14.8
13.5



16.5
15.4



17.7
23.6



18.6
20.2



20.2
100.0



21.4
30.6



21.6
24.7



22.3
5.9



22.7
6.3



23.4
8.4



23.6
12.8



25.0
10.2



25.2
12.2



25.9
19.2



26.2
30.1



28.0
6.9



28.3
5.4



29.3
6.4



29.7
5.9



31.8
5.3



33.5
12.1



35.2
6.6



35.8
5.9










In a sixth aspect, the invention is directed to Form B atorvastatin benethamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in parts per million:














Peak #
ppm*



















1
179.4



2
165.6



3
162.4



4
140.1



5
138.6



6
133.6



7
132.8



8
129.9



9
128.2



10
125.7



11
123.6



12
114.8



13
69.6



14
69.0



15
52.3



16
49.8



17
43.1



18
42.2



19
39.6



20
38.9



21
31.5



22
26.5



23
23.5



24
19.6







*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






In a seventh aspect, the invention is directed to Form B atorvastatin benethamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following solid-state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in parts per million:














Peak #
ppm*



















1
−113.7



2
−114.4







*Values in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic acid (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.






In a eighth aspect, the invention is directed to Form A atorvastatin benzathine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the 2θ and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >12% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>12%)



















9.1
97.5



14.0
40.3



15.1
13.8



15.5
13.7



16.1
15.3



16.4
16.8



18.2
40.0



19.1
58.5



19.6
18.1



20.5
100.0



21.3
66.3



22.1
15.5



22.5
21.7



23.0
43.8



25.2
18.8



25.9
12.9



26.1
15.6



26.5
14.4



28.0
14.2



28.6
17.1










In a ninth aspect, the invention is directed to Form B atorvastatin benzathine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the 2θ and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >9% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>9%)



















8.3
100.0



9.1
9.4



10.2
62.6



11.7
9.1



13.2
10.2



14.4
21.1



15.8
18.1



16.6
20.0



17.1
14.8



18.6
34.0



19.1
40.7



19.4
23.0



19.7
14.8



20.6
24.0



20.9
13.1



21.4
28.8



21.8
29.3



22.3
24.9



22.6
29.2



23.3
46.1



23.5
31.3



24.3
11.0



25.0
18.9



26.5
14.8



26.8
11.6



27.4
13.2



27.9
12.3



28.2
9.3



28.9
9.3



29.1
9.8



29.7
10.9










In a tenth aspect, the invention is directed to Form C atorvastatin benzathine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the 2θ and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >13% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>13%)



















3.9
59.5



6.9
23.3



7.9
30.5



9.7
70.6



11.9
100.0



12.8
17.8



13.2
41.4



15.5
15.3



16.3
13.1



16.8
17.4



17.2
39.5



18.9
18.4



19.5
31.5



19.9
31.7



20.4
58.2



20.7
43.9



21.4
29.2



23.0
19.0



23.4
18.7



24.0
26.6



24.3
33.6



24.6
41.4



25.9
21.5



26.2
28.4










In an eleventh aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin dibenzylamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the 2θ and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >8% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>8%)



















4.6
10.6



8.3
50.8



9.6
13.8



9.8
10.0



10.3
14.9



10.4
12.1



10.6
19.8



11.8
13.9



12.4
7.7



13.3
10.0



14.5
10.2



14.9
11.6



15.9
11.8



16.7
10.4



17.4
23.6



18.4
19.7



18.7
38.5



19.4
24.2



19.8
48.0



20.7
100.0



21.3
56.4



21.6
26.7



22.1
13.4



22.5
21.9



23.0
9.7



23.4
29.5



23.7
29.7



24.3
11.0



24.6
13.6



25.1
13.0



25.8
31.9



26.7
8.5



28.0
10.8



29.2
12.2



33.4
9.8



34.6
8.1



34.8
9.1










In a twelfth aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin dibenzylamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in parts per million:














Peak #
ppm*



















1
179.1



2
166.2



3
163.1



4
160.8



5
140.6



6
135.2



7
134.3



8
133.4



9
131.9



10
131.1



11
129.4



12
128.3



13
125.6



14
124.2



15
122.9



16
119.7



17
115.4



18
69.7



19
68.6



20
52.6



21
51.3



22
43.0



23
41.9



24
38.8



25
38.2



26
26.7



27
23.3



28
20.0







*Vaues in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






In a thirteenth aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin dibenzylamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following solid-state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in parts per million:














Peak #
ppm*









1
−107.8







*Values in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic acid (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.






In a fourteenth aspect, the invention is directed to Form A atorvastatin diethylamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the 2θ and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >20% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>20%)



















7.0
53.0



8.2
32.0



10.8
59.3



12.3
36.0



13.3
60.8



14.4
56.0



16.1
35.5



16.5
39.3



17.0
40.0



18.2
49.3



18.4
100.0



19.4
23.0



20.0
20.5



21.0
54.5



21.7
24.5



22.3
30.5



23.0
68.8



24.3
25.5



25.1
38.5



25.4
26.9



26.3
41.3



26.8
21.8



28.4
23.8










In an fifteenth aspect, the invention is directed to Form B atorvastatin diethylamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the 2θ and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >8% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>8%)



















6.1
8.3



7.0
10.6



8.3
26.0



10.8
8.5



11.5
21.4



12.2
28.2



12.5
12.7



13.4
16.5



14.5
10.0



15.3
34.2



16.1
17.1



16.6
12.8



16.8
16.6



17.4
17.3



17.9
8.1



18.4
12.8



18.7
8.5



19.3
52.2



20.5
21.4



21.0
100.0



22.3
13.0



23.2
34.2



24.6
23.7



25.4
8.2



25.9
8.1



26.4
16.9



27.6
25.6



29.2
10.6



31.2
8.5



32.8
9.1










In an sixteenth aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin erbumine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the 2θ and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >6% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>6%)



















5.4
11.9



7.3
12.0



9.5
100.0



12.6
14.3



15.2
15.6



16.6
13.7



17.8
21.0



18.6
20.2



19.2
77.6



20.0
28.3



20.4
8.2



20.9
22.3



21.6
14.3



22.2
26.6



22.4
13.3



22.6
14.5



23.7
8.7



24.2
31.6



25.0
15.5



26.5
12.3



28.2
7.9



29.5
6.3



30.6
6.5










In a seventeenth aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin erbumine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in parts per million:














Peak #
ppm*



















1
179.3



2
164.5



3
163.0



4
160.9



5
141.3



6
140.9



7
135.3



8
134.5



9
132.8



10
129.0



11
127.7



12
124.5



13
121.8



14
120.2



15
116.5



16
115.5



17
112.4



18
71.3



19
50.3



20
47.7



21
42.6



22
41.0



23
28.5



24
26.4



25
22.6



26
21.6







*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






In a eighteenth aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin erbumine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following solid-state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in parts per million:














Peak #
ppm*









1
−110.4







*Values in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic acid (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.






In a nineteenth aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin L-lysine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >40% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>40%)



















6.7
100.0



9.5
62.1



9.8
74.3



17.1
80.4



18.7
86.5



19.6
76.8



21.1
77.1



22.1
72.1



22.5
77.9



24.0
59.5










In a twentieth aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin morpholine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >9% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>9%)



















4.8
15.9



5.7
10.7



6.4
11.6



8.6
9.2



9.7
52.5



12.8
6.8



14.1
10.3



14.6
22.5



16.0
42.1



16.3
26.7



16.5
21.3



17.3
19.6



17.5
29.3



18.1
16.5



18.9
46.1



19.2
27.3



19.6
85.9



19.9
19.8



20.8
42.2



21.2
16.9



22.1
89.9



23.1
19.6



23.9
100.0



24.6
26.0



25.0
39.0



25.7
11.0



27.0
14.1



28.1
10.1



28.5
25.8



29.6
11.8



30.1
9.9



30.9
13.4



31.0
14.1



32.0
13.0



32.4
16.5



33.4
14.1



33.9
11.0



34.6
18.0



35.4
14.3



36.8
18.2



37.6
11.4










In a twenty-first aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin morpholine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in carts car million:














Peak #
ppm*



















1
179.3



2
165.9



3
162.7



4
160.5



5
139.6



6
137.8



7
134.3



8
131.2



9
129.6



10
128.7



11
127.4



12
122.9



13
120.8



14
117.9



15
116.3



16
70.8



17
69.5



18
63.4



19
42.4



20
41.2



21
40.5



22
24.8



23
20.6







*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






In a twenty-second aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin morpholine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in parts per million:














Peak #
ppm*









1
−117.6







*Values in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic acid (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.






In a twenty-third aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin olamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >15% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>15%)



















8.5
100.0



9.8
74.7



11.4
17.3



12.0
15.6



16.3
27.7



17.4
43.9



18.6
85.5



19.6
45.8



20.1
43.9



20.9
96.0



21.4
31.6



22.0
30.5



22.5
66.1



22.8
35.6



23.5
20.5



24.1
42.7



25.1
23.3



25.9
25.0



26.2
33.1



27.8
19.3



28.8
27.5



29.6
20.0



31.7
20.5



37.7
22.5










In a twenty-fourth aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin olamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in parts per million:














Peak #
ppm*



















1
182.0



2
178.9



3
165.4



4
161.6



5
159.5



6
137.4



7
134.8



8
133.8



9
131.0



10
128.7



11
128.0



12
127.0



13
123.1



14
122.6



15
121.9



16
120.9



17
120.1



18
117.3



19
115.6



20
114.3



21
66.5



22
66.0



23
65.2



24
58.5



25
58.2



26
51.1



27
47.8



28
46.0



29
43.9



30
42.4



31
41.3



32
40.6



33
39.8



34
25.7



35
23.1



36
21.1



37
20.7







*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






In a twenty-fifth aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin olamine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in parts per million:














Peak #
ppm*









1
−118.7







*Values in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic acid (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.






In a twenty-sixth aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin piperazine and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the 2θ and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >20% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>20%)



















4.4
20.4



7.8
25.5



9.3
27.2



11.8
29.7



13.2
22.9



16.1
30.0



17.7
30.9



19.7
100.0



20.4
55.0



22.2
31.9



22.9
36.2



23.8
30.7



26.4
32.6










In a twenty-seventh aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin sodium and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >25% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>25%)



















3.4
57.8



4.1
29.2



4.9
53.0



5.6
32.4



6.8
25.2



7.6
68.5



8.0
75.7



8.5
42.0



9.9
66.1



10.4
51.5



12.8
25.5



18.9
100.0



19.7
64.5



21.2
32.8



22.1
33.3



22.9
45.4



23.3
43.6



24.0
42.7



25.2
26.1










In a twenty-eighth aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol and hydrates thereof characterized by the following x-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in terms of the 2θ and relative intensities with a relative intensity of >20% measured on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer with CuKα radiation:















Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>20%)



















4.2
95.2



6.0
59.9



6.2
43.7



8.3
26.3



11.5
20.9



12.5
36.5



12.6
31.1



16.0
44.4



17.5
54.3



18.3
52.8



18.8
34.0



19.4
55.3



19.7
100.0



21.3
26.7



22.0
31.3



22.8
21.7



23.4
29.7



23.8
28.6










In a twenty-ninth aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol and hydrates thereof characterized by the following 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in parts per million:














Peak #
ppm*



















1
179.8



2
166.3



3
163.3



4
161.5



5
161.2



6
140.5



7
139.5



8
134.4



9
132.3



10
131.6



11
129.8



12
128.1



13
126.1



14
125.1



15
122.2



16
120.7



17
116.4



18
114.0



19
113.4



20
72.6



21
71.4



22
67.6



23
66.3



24
64.7



25
64.4



26
53.1



27
46.9



28
43.9



29
43.5



30
42.7



31
39.7



32
36.1



33
26.8



34
26.3



35
24.3



36
23.8



37
23.1



38
22.0



39
20.4







*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






In a thirtieth aspect, the invention is directed to atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol and hydrates thereof characterized by the following 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum wherein chemical shift is expressed in parts per million:














Peak #
ppm*



















1
−113.6



2
−116.5







*Values in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic add (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.






As inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the novel salt forms of atorvastatin are useful as hypolipidemic and hypocholesteroiemic agents, as well as agents in the treatment of osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and Alzheimer's Disease.
A still further embodiment of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition for administering an effective amount of an atorvastatin salt in unit dosage form in the treatment methods mentioned above. Finally, the present invention is directed to methods for production of salt forms of atorvastatin.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is further described by the following nonlimiting examples which refer to the accompanying FIGS. 1 to 30, short particulars of which are given below.
FIG. 1
Diffractogram of atorvastatin ammonium carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 2
Diffractogram of Form A atorvastatin benethamine carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 3
Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Form A atorvastatin benethamine.
FIG. 4
Solid-state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Form A atorvastatin benethamine.
FIG. 5
Diffractogram of Form B atorvastatin benethamine carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 6
Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Form B atorvastatin benethamine.
FIG. 7
Solid-state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Form B atorvastatin benethamine.
FIG. 8
Diffractogram of Form A atorvastatin benzathine carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 9
Diffractogram of Form B atorvastatin benzathine carried out on a Bruker. D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 10
Diffractogram of Form C atorvastatin benzathine carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 11
Diffractogram of atorvastatin dibenzylamine carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 12
Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of atorvastatin dibenzylamine.
FIG. 13
Solid-state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of atorvastatin dibenzylamine.
FIG. 14
Diffractogram of Form A atorvastatin diethylamine carried out on a Bruker. D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 15
Diffractogram of Form B atorvastatin diethylamine carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 16
Diffractogram of atorvastatin erbumine carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 17
Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of atorvastatin erbumine.
FIG. 18
Solid-state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of atorvastatin erbumine.
FIG. 19
Diffractogram of atorvastatin L-lysine carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 20
Diffractogram of atorvastatin morpholine carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 21
Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of atorvastatin morpholine.
FIG. 22
Solid-state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of atorvastatin morpholine.
FIG. 23
Diffractogram of atorvastatin olamine carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 24
Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of atorvastatin olamine.
FIG. 25
Solid-state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of atorvastatin olamine.
FIG. 26
Diffractogram of atorvastatin piperazine carried out on a Bruker. D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 27
Diffractogram of atorvastatin sodium carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 28
Diffractogram of atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer.
FIG. 29
Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol.
FIG. 30
Solid-state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The novel salt forms of atorvastatin may be characterized by their x-ray powder diffraction patterns and/or by their solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.
Powder X-Ray Diffraction
Atorvastatin salts were characterized by their powder x-ray diffraction patterns. Thus, the x-ray diffraction pattern was carried out on a Bruker D5000 diffractometer using copper radiation (wavelength 1:1.54056). The tube voltage and amperage were set to 40 kV and 50 mA, respectively. The divergence and scattering slits were set at 1 mm, and the receiving slit was set at 0.6 mm. Diffracted radiation was detected by a Kevex PSI detector. A theta-two theta continuous scan at 2.4°/min (1 sec/0.04° step) from 3.0 to 40° 2θ was used. An alumina standard was analyzed to check the instrument alignment. Data were collected and analyzed using Bruker axis software Version 7.0. Samples were prepared by placing them in a quartz holder. It should be noted that Bruker Instruments purchased Siemens; thus, Bruker D5000 instrument is essentially the same as a Siemens D5000.
The following tables list the 2θ and intensities of lines for the atorvastatin salts and hydrates thereof. Additionally, there are tables which list individual 2θ peaks for the atorvastatin salts and hydrates thereof. In cases were there are two or more crystalline forms of an atorvastatin salt or hydrate thereof, each form can be identified and distinguished from the other crystalline form by either a single x-ray diffraction line, a combination of lines, or a pattern that is different from the x-ray powder diffraction of the other forms.
Table 1 lists the 2θ and relative intensities of all lines that have a relative intensity of >30% in the sample for atorvastatin ammonium and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 1







INTENSITIES AND PEAK LOCATIONS OF DIFFRACTION LINES IN


ATORVASTATIN AMMONIUM AND HYDRATES THEREOF











Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>30%)














3.5
49.0



4.4
34.8



7.4
36.5



7.8
58.0



8.8
53.9



9.3
44.1



9.9
43.8



10.6
80.3



12.4
35.1



14.1
30.1



16.8
54.5



18.3
56.2



19.0
67.8



19.5
100.0



20.3
81.4



21.4
69.0



21.6
63.8



23.1
65.5



23.9
63.8



24.8
69.0










Table 2 lists individual peaks for atorvastatin ammonium and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 2





ATORVASTATIN AMMONIUM AND HYDRATES THEREOF


DEGREE


2θ















7.8


8.8


9.3


9.9


10.6


12.4


19.5









Table 3 lists the 2θ and relative intensities of all lines that have a relative intensity of >8% in the sample for atorvastatin benethamine Forms A and B and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 3







INTENSITIES AND PEAK LOCATIONS OF DIFFRACTION LINES


FOR ATORVASTATIN BENETHAMINE, FORMS A AND B AND


HYDRATES THEREOF












Form A

Form B














Relative

Relative



Degree
Intensity
Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>8%)
2θ
(>6%)
















4.7
42.2
4.1
9.8



5.3
21.7
5.0
11.3



6.0
12.9
5.8
8.8



7.8
9.6
7.1
10.4



8.9
53.3
8.4
13.3



9.5
84.4
8.9
53.2



10.5
10.6
10.0
8.1



12.0
11.5
11.6
13.6



13.8
12.1
12.6
16.6



14.3
13.3
14.4
46.3



15.6
20.1
14.8
13.5



16.7
24.6
16.5
15.4



16.9
19.9
17.7
23.6



17.6
52.7
18.6
20.2



17.8
53.1
20.2
100.0



18.1
59.7
21.4
30.6



18.8
100.0
21.6
24.7



19.1
39.1
22.3
5.9



19.9
42.4
22.7
6.3



21.3
36.2
23.4
8.4



21.9
22.8
23.6
12.8



22.7
19.8
25.0
10.2



23.6
52.4
25.2
12.2



24.3
23.5
25.9
19.2



25.9
23.5
26.2
30.1



26.3
36.2
28.0
6.9



27.0
13.5
28.3
5.4



27.9
11.8
29.3
6.4



28.8
9.4
29.7
5.9



29.6
9.8
31.8
5.3





33.5
12.1





35.2
6.6





35.8
5.9










Table 4 lists individual 2θ peaks for atorvastatin benethamine, Forms A and B and hydrates thereof.







TABLE 4







FORMS A and B ATORVASTATIN BENETHAMINE AND


HYDRATES THEREOF










Form A
Form B



Degree
Degree



2θ
2θ














4.7
5.0



5.3
7.1



9.5
8.4



12.0
10.0



15.6
11.6



18.1
12.6



19.9
14.8




20.2










Table 5 lists the 2θ and relative intensities of all lines that have a relative intensity of >9% in the sample for atorvastatin benzathine Forms A, B, and C and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 5







INTENSITIES AND PEAK LOCATIONS OF DIFFRACTION LINES


FOR ATORVASTATIN BENZATHINE, FORMS A, B, AND C AND


HYDRATES THEREOF









Form A
Form B
Form C













Relative

Relative

Relative



Intensity

Intensity

Intensity


Degree 2θ
(>12%)
Degree 2θ
(>9%)
Degree 2θ
(>13%)















9.1
97.5
8.3
100.0
3.9
59.5


14.0
40.3
9.1
9.4
6.9
23.3


15.1
13.8
10.2
62.6
7.9
30.5


15.5
13.7
11.7
9.1
9.7
70.6


16.1
15.3
13.2
10.2
11.9
100.0


16.4
16.8
14.4
21.1
12.8
17.8


18.2
40.0
15.8
18.1
13.2
41.4


19.1
58.5
16.6
20.0
15.5
15.3


19.6
18.1
17.1
14.8
16.3
13.1


20.5
100.0
18.6
34.0
16.8
17.4


21.3
66.3
19.1
40.7
17.2
39.5


22.1
15.5
19.4
23.0
18.9
18.4


22.5
21.7
19.7
14.8
19.5
31.5


23.0
43.8
20.6
24.0
19.9
31.7


25.2
18.8
20.9
13.1
20.4
58.2


25.9
12.9
21.4
28.8
20.7
43.9


26.1
15.6
21.8
29.3
21.4
29.2


26.5
14.4
22.3
24.9
23.0
19.0


28.0
14.2
22.6
29.2
23.4
18.7


28.6
17.1
23.3
46.1
24.0
26.6




23.5
31.3
24.3
33.6




24.3
11.0
24.6
41.4




25.0
18.9
25.9
21.5




26.5
14.8
26.2
28.4




26.8
11.6




27.4
13.2




27.9
12.3




28.2
9.3




28.9
9.3




29.1
9.8




29.7
10.9









Table 6 lists individual 2θ peaks for atorvastatin benzathine, Forms A, B, and C and hydrates thereof.







TABLE 6







FORMS A, B, and C ATORVASTATIN BENZATHINE AND


HYDRATES THEREOF









Form A
Form B
Form C


Degree
Degree
Degree


2θ
2θ
2θ












14.0
8.3
3.9


15.1
10.2
6.9



14.4
7.9



15.8
9.7



18.6
12.8



21.8



23.3









Table 7 lists the 2θ and relative intensities of all lines that have a relative intensity of >8% in the sample for atorvastatin dibenzylamine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 7







INTENSITIES AND PEAK LOCATIONS OF DIFFRACTION LINES


FOR ATORVASTATIN DIBENZYLAMINE AND HYDRATES


THEREOF











Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>8%)














4.6
10.6



8.3
50.8



9.6
13.8



9.8
10.0



10.3
14.9



10.4
12.1



10.6
19.8



11.8
13.9



12.4
7.7



13.3
10.0



14.5
10.2



14.9
11.6



15.9
11.8



16.7
10.4



17.4
23.6



18.4
19.7



18.7
38.5



19.4
24.2



19.8
48.0



20.7
100.0



21.3
56.4



21.6
26.7



22.1
13.4



22.5
21.9



23.0
9.7



23.4
29.5



23.7
29.7



24.3
11.0



24.6
13.6



25.1
13.0



25.8
31.9



26.7
8.5



28.0
10.8



29.2
12.2



33.4
9.8



34.6
8.1



34.8
9.1










Table 8 lists the individual 2θ peaks for atorvastatin dibenzylamine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 8





ATORVASTATIN DIBENZYLAMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF


Degree


2θ















8.3


18.7


19.8


20.7


21.3


25.8









Table 9 lists the 2θ and relative intensities of all lines that have a relative intensity of >8% in the sample for atorvastatin diethylamine Forms A and B and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 9







INTENSITIES AND PEAK LOCATIONS OF DIFFRACTION LINES


FOR ATORVASTATIN DIETHYLAMINE, FORMS A AND B AND


HYDRATES THEREOF












Form A

Form B














Relative

Relative



Degree
Intensity
Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>20%)
2θ
(>8%)
















7.0
53.0
6.1
8.3



8.2
32.0
7.0
10.6



10.8
59.3
8.3
26.0



12.3
36.0
10.8
8.5



13.3
60.8
11.5
21.4



14.4
56.0
12.2
28.2



16.1
35.5
12.5
12.7



16.5
39.3
13.4
16.5



17.0
40.0
14.5
10.0



18.2
49.3
15.3
34.2



18.4
100.0
16.1
17.1



19.4
23.0
16.6
12.8



20.0
20.5
16.8
16.6



21.0
54.5
17.4
17.3



21.7
24.5
17.9
8.1



22.3
30.5
18.4
12.8



23.0
68.8
18.7
8.5



24.3
25.5
19.3
52.2



25.1
38.5
20.5
21.4



25.4
26.9
21.0
100.0



26.3
41.3
22.3
13.0



26.8
21.8
23.2
34.2



28.4
23.8
24.6
23.7





25.4
8.2





25.9
8.1





26.4
16.9





27.6
25.6





29.2
10.6





31.2
8.5





32.8
9.1










Table 10 lists individual 2θ peaks for atorvastatin diethylamine, Forms A, B, and C and hydrates thereof.







TABLE 10







FORMS A AND B ATORVASTATIN DIETHYLAMINE AND


HYDRATES THEREOF










Form A
Form B



Degree
Degree



2θ
2θ














17.0
6.1



18.2
11.5



20.0
15.3



21.7
17.4



23.0
20.5




23.2




27.6










Table 11 lists the 2θ and relative intensities of all lines that have a relative intensity >6% in the sample for atorvastatin erbumine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 11







INTENSITIES AND PEAK LOCATIONS OF DIFFRACTION LINES


FOR ATORVASTATIN ERBUMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF











Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>6%)














5.4
11.9



7.3
12.0



9.5
100.0



12.6
14.3



15.2
15.6



16.6
13.7



17.8
21.0



18.6
20.2



19.2
77.6



20.0
28.3



20.4
8.2



20.9
22.3



21.6
14.3



22.2
26.6



22.4
13.3



22.6
14.5



23.7
8.7



24.2
31.6



25.0
15.5



26.5
12.3



28.2
7.9



29.5
6.3



30.6
6.5










Table 12 lists individual 2θ peaks for atorvastatin erbumine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 12





ATORVASTATIN ERBUMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF


Degree


2θ















5.4


7.3


9.5


17.8


19.2


20.0


22.2


24.2









Table 13 lists 2θ and relative intensities of all lines that have a relative intensity of >40% in the sample for atorvastatin L-lysine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 13







INTENSITIES AND PEAK LOCATIONS OF DIFFRACTION LINES


FOR ATORVASTATIN L-LYSINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF











Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>40%)














6.7
100.0



9.5
62.1



9.8
74.3



17.1
80.4



18.7
86.5



19.6
76.8



21.1
77.1



22.1
72.1



22.5
77.9



24.0
59.5










Table 14 lists individual 2θ peaks for atorvastatin L-Lysine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 14





ATORVASTATIN L-LYSINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF


Degree


2θ















6.7


9.8


17.1


24.0









Table 15 lists the 2θ and relative intensities of all lines that have a relative intensity of >9% in the sample for atorvastatin morpholine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 15







INTENSITIES AND PEAK LOCATIONS OF DIFFRACTION LINES


FOR ATORVASTATIN MORPHOLINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF











Relative



Degree
Intensity



2θ
(>9%)














4.8
15.9



5.7
10.7



6.4
11.6



8.6
9.2



9.7
52.5



12.8
6.8



14.1
10.3



14.6
22.5



16.0
42.1



16.3
26.7



16.5
21.3



17.3
19.6



17.5
29.3



18.1
16.5



18.9
46.1



19.2
27.3



19.6
85.9



19.9
19.8



20.8
42.2



21.2
16.9



22.1
89.9



23.1
19.6



23.9
100.0



24.6
26.0



25.0
39.0



25.7
11.0



27.0
14.1



28.1
10.1



28.5
25.8



29.6
11.8



30.1
9.9



30.9
13.4



31.0
14.1



32.0
13.0



32.4
16.5



33.4
14.1



33.9
11.0



34.6
18.0



35.4
14.3



36.8
18.2



37.6
11.4










Table 16 lists individual 2θ peaks for atorvastatin morpholine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 16





ATORVASTATIN MORPHINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF 


Degree 2θ







 9.7


16.0


18.9


19.6


20.8


22.1


23.9


25.0









Table 17 lists the 2θ and relative intensities of all lines that have a relative intensity of >15% in the sample for atoravstatin olamine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 17







INTENSITIES AND PEAK LOCATIONS OF 


DIFFRACTION LINES FOR ATORVASTATIN 


OLAMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Degree 
Relative Intensity 



2θ
(>15%)







 8.5
100.0



 9.8
 74.7



11.4
 17.3



12.0
 15.6



16.3
 27.7



17.4
 43.9



18.6
 85.5



19.6
 45.8



20.1
 43.9



20.9
 96.0



21.4
 31.6



22.0
 30.5



22.5
 66.1



22.8
 35.6



23.5
 20.5



24.1
 42.7



25.1
 23.3



25.9
 25.0



26.2
 33.1



27.8
 19.3



28.8
 27.5



29.6
 20.0



31.7
 20.5



37.7
 22.5










Table 18 lists individual 2θ peaks for atorvastatin olamine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 18





ATORVASTATIN OLAMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF


Degree 2θ







 8.5


 9.8


17.4


18.6


20.9


22.5 


24.1









Table 19 lists the 2θ and relative intensities of all lines that have a relative intensity of >20% in the sample for atorvastatin piperazine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 19







INTENSITIES AND PEAK LOCATIONS OF 


DIFFRACTION LINES FOR ATORVASTATIN 


PIPERAZINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Degree
Relative Intensity 



2θ
(>20%)







 4.4
 20.4



 7.8
 25.5



 9.3
 27.2



11.8
 29.7



13.2
 22.9



16.1
 30.0



17.7
 30.9



19.7
100.0



20.4
 55.0



22.2
 31.9



22.9
 36.2



23.8
 30.7



26.4
 32.6










Table 20 lists the individual 2θ peaks for atorvastatin piperazine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 20





ATORVASTATIN PIPERAZINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF 


Degree 2θ







 7.8


 9.3


11.8


16.1


19.7









Table 21 lists the 2θ and relative intensities of all lines that have a relative intensity of >25% in the sample for atoravastatin sodium and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 21







INTENSITIES AND PEAK LOCATIONS OF 


DIFFRACTION LINES FOR ATORVASTATIN 


SODIUM AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Degree 
Relative Intensity 



2θ
(>25%)







 3.4
 57.8



 4.1
 29.2



 4.9
 53.0



 5.6
 32.4



 6.8
 25.2



 7.6
 68.5



 8.0
 75.7



 8.5
 42.0



 9.9
 66.1



10.4
 51.5



12.8
 25.5



18.9
100.0



19.7
 64.5



21.2
 32.8



22.1
 33.3



22.9
 45.4



23.3
 43.6



24.0
 42.7



25.2
 26.1










Table 22 lists individual 2θ peaks for atorvastatin sodium and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 22





ATORVASTATIN SODIUM AND HYDRATES THEREOF


Degree 2θ







 3.4


 4.9


 7.6


 8.0


 9.9


18.9


19.7









Table 23 lists the 2θ and relative intensities of all lines that have a relative intensity of >25% in the sample for atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 23







INTENSITIES AND PEAK LOCATIONS OF 


DIFFRACTION LINES FOR ATORVASTATIN 


2-AMINO-2-METHYLPROPAN-1-OL


AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Degree
Relative Intensity



2θ
(>20%)







 4.2
 95.2



 6.0
 59.9



 6.2
 43.7



 8.3
 26.3



11.5
 20.9



12.5
 36.5



12.6
 31.1



16.0
 44.4



17.5
 54.3



18.3
 52.8



18.8
 34.0



19.4
 55.3



19.7
100.0



21.3
 26.7



22.0
 31.3



22.8
 21.7



23.4
 29.7



23.8
 28.6










Table 24 lists individual peaks for atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 24





ATORVASTATIN 2-AMINO-2-METHYLPROPAN-1-OL


AND HYDRATES THEREOF


Degree 2θ







 4.2


 8.3


16.0


17.5


18.3


19.4


19.7









Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
The novel salt forms of atorvastatin may also be characterized by their solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Thus, the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the salt forms of atorvastatin were carried out on a Bruker-Biospin Avance DSX 500 MHz NMR spectrometer.
19F SSNMR
Approximately 15 mg of sample were tightly packed into a 2.5 mm ZrO spinner for each sample analyzed. One-dimensional 19F spectra were collected at 295 K and ambient pressure on a Bruker-Biospin 2.5 mm BL cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) probe positioned into a wide-bore Bruker-Biospin Avance DSX 500 MHz NMR spectrometer. The samples were positioned at the magic angle and spun at 35.0 kHz with no cross-polarization from protons, corresponding to the maximum specified spinning speed for the 2.5 mm spinners. The fast spinning speed minimized the intensities of the spinning side bands and provided almost complete decoupling of 19F signals from protons. The number of scans were individually adjusted for each sample to obtain adequate single/noise (S/N). Typically, 150 scans were acquired. Prior to 19F acquisition, 19F relaxation times were measured by an inversion recovery technique. The recycle delay for each sample was then adjusted to five times the longest 19F relaxation time in the sample, which ensured acquisition of quantitative spectra. A fluorine probe background was subtracted in each alternate scan after presaturating the 19F signal. The spectra were referenced using an external sample of trifluoroacetic acid (diluted to 50% V/V by H2O), setting its resonance to −76.54 ppm.
13C SSNMR
Approximately 80 mg of sample were tightly packed into a 4 mm ZrO spinner for each sample analyzed. One-dimensional 13C spectra were collected at ambient pressure using 1H-13C CPMAS at 295 K on a Bruker 4 mm BL CPMAS probe positioned into a wide-bore Bruker-Biospin Avance DSX 500 MHZ NMR spectrometer. The samples were spun at 15.0 kHz corresponding to the maximum specified spinning speed for the 7 mm spinners. The fast spinning speed minimized the intensities of the spinning side bands. To optimize the signal sensitivity, the cross-polarization contact time was adjusted to 1.5 ms, and the proton decoupling power was set to 100 kHz. The number of scans were individually adjusted for each sample to obtain adequate S/N. Typically, 1900 scans were acquired with a recycle delay of 5 seconds. The spectra were referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting its upfield resonance at 29.5 ppm.
Table 25 and Table 25a lists the 13C NMR chemical shifts for Form A and B atorvastatin benethamine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 25







FORM A BENETHAMINE 


AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*







 1
180.1



 2
178.8



 3
165.1



 4
164.1



 5
162.8



 6 
161.7



 7
160.7



 8
140.6



 9
139.6



10
137.9



11
136.1



12
133.0



13
129.6



14
127.3



15
126.4



16
125.4



17 
123.1



18
122.5



19
121.6



20
121.1



21
119.9



22
116.4



23
115.4



24
114.5



25
114.0



26
 66.0



27
 65.5



28
 64.6



29
 53.6



30
 51.5



31
 51.0



32
 47.8



33
 44.6



34
 43.3



35
 41.4



36
 40.9



37
 38.5



38
 37.7



39
 36.8



40
 34.0



41
 32.7



42
 26.5



43
 25.1



44
 23.5 



45
 23.1



46
 19.7



47
 19.1







*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.













TABLE 25a







FORM B BENETHAMINE 


AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*







 1
179.4



 2
165.6



 3
162.4



 4
140.1



 5
138.6



 6
133.6



 7
132.8



 8
129.9



 9
128.2



10
125.7



11
123.6



12
114.8



13
 69.6



14 
 69.0



15
 52.3



16
 49.8



17
 43.1



18
 42.2



19
 39.6



20
 38.9



21
 31.5



22
 26.5



23
 23.5



24
 19.6







*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






Table 26 lists individual 13C NMR chemical shifts for Form A atorvastatin benethamine:







TABLE 26







FORM A ATORVASTATIN BENETHAMINE 


AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*







 1
180.1



 2
178.8



 3
165.1



 4
164.1



 5
161.7



 6
160.7



 7
 26.5



 8
 25.1



 9
 23.5



10
 23.1



11
 19.7



12
 19.1







*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






Table 27 lists individual 13C NMR chemical shifts for Form B atorvastatin benethamine:







TABLE 27







FORM B ATORVASTATIN BENETHAMINE 


AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*







 1
179.4



 2
165.6



22
 26.5



23
 23.5



24
 19.6







*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






Table 28 and 28a lists the 19F NMR chemical shifts for Forms A and B atorvastatin benethamine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 28







FORM A ATORVASTATIN BENETHAMINE 


AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*







1
−113.2



2
−114.2







*Values in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic acid (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.













TABLE 28a







FORM B ATORVASTATIN BENETHAMINE 


AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*







1
−113.7



2
−114.4







*Values in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic acid (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.






Table 29 lists the 13C NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin dibenzylamine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 29







ATORVASTATIN DIBENZYLAMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF








Peak #
ppm*











1
179.1


2
166.2


3
163.1


4
160.8


5
140.6


6
135.2


7
134.3


8
133.4


9
131.9


10
131.1


11
129.4


12
128.3


13
125.6


14
124.2


15
122.9


16
119.7


17
115.4


18
69.7


19
68.6


20
52.6


21
51.3


22
43.0


23
41.9


24
38.8


25
38.2


26
26.7


27
23.3


28
20.0





*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






Table 30 lists individual 13C NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin dibenzylamine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 30







ATORVASTATIN DIBENZYLAMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF








Peak #
ppm*











1
179.1


2
166.2


3
163.1


4
160.8


26
 26.7


27
 23.3


28
 20.0





*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






Table 31 lists the 19F NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin dibenzylamine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 31







ATORVASTATIN DIBENZYLAMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF








Peak #
ppm*











1
−107.8





*Values in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic acid (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.






Table 32 lists the 13C NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin erbumine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 32







ATORVASTATIN ERBUMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
PPm*













1
179.3



2
164.5



3
163.0



4
160.9



5
141.3



6
140.9



7
135.3



8
134.5



9
132.8



10
129.0



11
127.7



12
124.5



13
121.8



14
120.2



15
116.5



16
115.5



17
112.4



18
71.3



19
50.3



20
47.7



21
42.6



22
41.0



23
28.5



24
26.4



25
22.6



26
21.6





*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






Table 33 lists individual 13C NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin erbumine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 33







ATORVASTATIN ERBUMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*













1
179.3



2
164.5



3
163.0



4
160.9



23
28.5



24
26.4



25
22.6



26
21.6





*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






Table 34 lists the 19F NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin erbumine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 34







ATORVASTATIN ERBUMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*













1
−110.4





*Vaues in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic acid (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.






Table 35 lists the 13C NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin morpholine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 35







ATORVASTATIN MORPHOLINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*













1
179.3



2
165.9



3
162.7



4
160.5



5
139.6



6
137.8



7
134.3



8
131.2



9
129.6



10
128.7



11
127.4



12
122.9



13
120.8



14
117.9



15
116.3



16
70.8



17
69.5



18
63.4



19
42.4



20
41.2



21
40.5



22
24.8



23
20.6





*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






Table 36 lists individual 13C NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin morpholine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 36







ATORVASTATIN MORPHOLINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*













1
179.3



2
165.9



4
160.5



22
24.8



23
20.6





*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






Table 37 lists individual 19F NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin morpholine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 37







ATORVASTATIN MORPHOLINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*













1
−117.6





*Values in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic acid (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.






Table 38 lists the 13G NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin olamine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 38







ATORVASTATIN OLAMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*













1
182.0



2
178.9



3
165.4



4
161.6



5
159.5



6
137.4



7
134.8



8
133.8



9
131.0



10
128.7



11
128.0



12
127.0



13
123.1



14
122.6



15
121.9



16
120.9



17
120.1



18
117.3



19
115.6



20
114.3



21
66.5



22
66.0



23
65.2



24
58.5



25
58.2



26
51.1



27
47.8



28
46.0



29
43.9



30
42.4



31
41.3



32
40.6



33
39.8



34
25.7



35
23.1



36
21.1



37
20.7





*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfieid resonance to 29.5 ppm.






Table 39 lists the individual 13C NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin olamine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 39







ATORVASTATIN OLAMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
PPM#













1
182.0



2
178.9



3
165.4



4
161.6



5
159.5



34
25.7



35
23.1



36
21.1



37
20.7





*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






Table 40 lists the 19F NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin olamine and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 40







ATORVASTATIN OLAMINE AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*













1
−118.7





*Values in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic acid (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.






Table 41 lists the 13C WAR chemical shifts for atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methyl-propan-1-ol and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 41







ATORVASTATIN 2-AMINO-2-METHYL-PROPAN-1-OL 


AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*














1
179.8 



2
166.3 



3
163.3 



4
161.5 



5
161.2 



6
140.5 



7
139.5 



8
134.4 



9
132.3 



10
131.6 



11
129.8 



12
128.1 



13
126.1 



14
125.1 



15
122.2 



16
120.7 



17
116.4 



18
114.0 



19
113.4 



20
72.6



21
71.4



22
67.6



23
66.3



24
64.7



25
64.4



26
53.1



27
46.9



28
43.9



29
43.5



30
42.7



31
39.7



32
36.1



33
26.8



34
26.3



35
24.3



36
23.8



37
23.1



38
{dot over (2)}{dot over (2)}{dot over (.)}{dot over (0)}



39
{dot over (2)}{dot over (0)}{dot over (.)}{dot over (4)}







*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






Table 42 lists individual 13C NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methyl-propan-1-ol and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 42







ATORVASTATIN 2-AMINO-2-METHYL-PROPAN-1-OL 


AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*














1
179.8



2
166.3



3
163.3



38
{dot over (2)}{dot over (2)}{dot over (.)}{dot over (0)}



39
{dot over (2)}{dot over (0)}{dot over (.)}{dot over (4)}







*Values in ppm with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) at 0 ppm; referenced using an external sample of adamantane, setting is upfield resonance to 29.5 ppm.






Table 43 lists the 19F NMR chemical shifts for atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methyl-propan-1-ol and hydrates thereof:







TABLE 43







ATORVASTATIN 2-AMINO-2-METHYL-PROPAN-1-OL 


AND HYDRATES THEREOF










Peak #
ppm*














1
−113.6



2
−116.5







*Values in ppm with respect to CCl3F at 0 ppm, referenced using an external standard of trifluoroacetic acid (50% V/V in water) at −76.54 ppm.






Additionally, Form A & B atorvastatin benethamine, atorvastatin dibenzylamine, atorvastatin erbumine, atorvastatin morpholine, atorvastatin olamine, and atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methyl-propan-1-ol or a hydrate thereof of the aforementioned salts may be characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern or a solid state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum.
For example:
An atorvastatin ammonium or hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 7.8, 8.8, 9.3, 9.9, 10.6, 12.4, and 19.5.
A Form A atorvastatin benethamine or hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 4.7, 5.3, 9.5, 12.0, 15.6, 18.1, and 19.9, or a solid state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts expressed in parts per million: −113.2 and −114.2.
A Form B atorvastatin benethamine or hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 5.0, 7.1, 8.4, 10.0, 11.6, 12.6, 14.8, and 20.2, or a solid state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts expressed in parts per million: −113.7 and −114.4.
A Form A atorvastatin benzathine or hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 14.0 and 15.1.
A Form B atorvastatin benzathine or hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 8.3, 10.2, 14.4, 15.8, 18.6, 21.8, and 23.3.
A Form C atorvastatin benzathine or hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 3.9, 6.9, 7.9, 9.7, and 12.8.
An atorvastatin dibenzylamine or hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 8.3, 18.7, 19.8, 20.7, 21.3, and 25.8, or a solid state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts expressed in parts per million: −107.8.
A compound selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        (a) Form A atorvastatin diethylamine or hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 17.0, 18.2, 20.0, 21.7, and 23.0; and
        (b) Form B atorvastatin diethylamine or a hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 6.1, 11.5, 15.3, 17.4, 20.5, 23.2, and 27.6.
    
    


An atorvastatin erbumine or a hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 5.4, 7.3, 9.5, 17.8, 19.2, 20.0, 22.2, and 24.2, or a solid state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts expressed in parts per million: −110.4.
An atorvastatin L-lysine or a hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 6.7, 9.8, 17.1, and 24.0.
An atorvastatin morpholine or a hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 9.7, 16.0, 18.9, 19.6, 20.8, 22.1, 23.9, and 25.0, or a solid state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts expressed in parts per million: −117.6.
An atorvastatin olamine or a hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 8.5, 9.8, 17.4, 18.6, 20.9, 22.5, and 24.1, or a solid state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts measured in parts per million: −118.7.
An atorvastatin piperazine or a hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 7.8, 9.3, 11.8, 16.1, and 19.7.
An atorvastatin sodium or a hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 3.4, 4.9, 7.6, 8.0, 9.9, 18.9, and 19.7.
An atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol or a hydrate thereof having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 4.2, 8.3, 16.0, 17.5, 18.3, 19.4, and 19.7, or a solid state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts measured in parts per million: −113.6 and −116.5.
The salt forms of atorvastatin of the present invention, regardless of the extent of hydration and/or salvation having equivalent x-ray powder diffractograms, or SSNMR, are within the scope of the present invention.
The new salt forms of atorvastatin described herein have advantageous properties. For example, the benethamine, benzathine, dibenzylamine, diethylamine, erbumine, and morpholine salts were determined to be anhydrous, high melting as well as considered to be non-hygroscopic compounds. The olamine and 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol salts were determined to be anhydrous and high melting as well. Also, the diethylamine, erbumine, morpholine, olamine, and 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol salts of atorvastatin exhibited higher aqueous solubility compared to Form I atorvastatin calcium (disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,156).
The present invention provides a process for the preparation of the salt forms of atorvastatin which comprises preparing a solution of atorvastatin free acid (U.S. Pat. No. 5,213,995) in one of the following solvents: acetone, acetonitrile, THE, 1:1 acetone/water (v/v), isopropanol (IPA), or chloroform. The cationic counterion solutions were prepared using either 0.5 or 1.0 equivalent in the same solvent. Water was added to some counterions to increase their solubility. The atorvastatin free acid solution was added to the counterion solution while stirring. The reaction was stirred for at least 48 hours at ambient temperature. Samples containing solids were vacuum filtered, washed with the reaction solvent, and air-dried overnight at ambient conditions. If precipitation was not present after  ̃2 weeks, the solution was slowly evaporated. All samples were stored at ambient temperature and characterized as described hereinafter.







TABLE 44







Structure of Counterions used in the preparation of Atorvastatin salts.









Structure
Name
Common Name





+NH4
Ammonium
Ammonium






N-benzyl-2- Phenylethylamine
Benethamine


 






N,N′- Bis(phenylmethyl)- 1,2-ethanediamine
Benzathine


 






N-(Phenylmethyl) benzenemethanamine
Dibenzylamine


 






N-Ethylethanamine
Diethylamine


 






tert-butylamine
Erbumine


 






(S)-2,6- diaminohexanoic  acid
L-Lysine


 






Tetrahydro- 2H-1,4-oxazine
Morpholine


 






2-aminoethanol
Olamine


 


Na
Sodium
Sodium


 






Hexahydropyrazine
Piperazine


 






2,2- Diethylethanolamine
2-amino- 2methylpropan- 1-ol









The compounds of the present invention can be prepared and administered in a wide variety of oral and parenteral dosage forms. Thus, the compounds of the present invention can be administered by injection, that is, intravenously, intramuscularly, intracutaneously, subcutaneously, intraduodenally, or intraperitoneally. Also, the compounds of the present invention can be administered by inhalation, for example, intranasally. Additionally, the compounds of the present invention can be administered transdermally.
For preparing pharmaceutical compositions from the compounds of the present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid. Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, pills, capsules, cachets, suppositories, and dispersible granules. A solid carrier can be one or more substances which may also act as diluents, flavoring agents, solubilizers, lubricants, suspending agents, binders, preservatives, tablet disintegrating agents, or an encapsulating material.
In powders, the carrier is a finely divided solid which is in a mixture with the finely divided active component.
In tablets, the active component is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.
The powders and tablets preferably contain from two or ten to about seventy percent of the active compound. Suitable carriers are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like. The term “preparation” is intended to include the formulation of the active compound with encapsulating material as a carrier providing a capsule in which the active component, with or without other carriers, is surrounded by a carrier, which is thus in association with it. Similarly, cachets and lozenges are included. Tablets, powders, capsules, pills, cachets, and lozenges can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration.
For preparing suppositories, a low melting wax, such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter, is first melted and the active component is dispersed homogeneously therein, as by stirring. The molten homogenous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool, and thereby to solidify.
Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions, retention enemas, and emulsions, for example water or water propylene glycol solutions. For parenteral injection, liquid preparations can be formulated in solution in aqueous polyethylene glycol solution.
Aqueous solutions suitable for oral use can be prepared by dissolving the active component in water and adding suitable colorants, flavors, stabilizing, and thickening agents as desired.
Aqueous suspensions suitable for oral use can be made by dispersing the finely divided active component in water with viscous material, such as natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and other well-known suspending agents.
Also included are solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for oral administration. Such liquid forms include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. These preparations may contain, in addition to the active component, colorants, flavors, stabilizers, buffers, artificial and natural sweeteners, dispersants, thickeners, solubilizing agents, and the like.
The pharmaceutical preparation is preferably in unit dosage form. In such form, the preparation is subdivided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component. The unit dosage form can be a packaged preparation, the package containing discrete quantities of preparation, such as packeted tablets, capsules, and powders in vials or ampoules. Also, the unit dosage form can be a capsule, tablet, cachet, or lozenge itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any of these in packaged form.
The quantity of active component in a unit dose preparation may be varied or adjusted from 0.5 mg to 100 mg, preferably 2.5 mg to 80 mg according to the particular application and the potency of the active component. The composition can, if desired, also contain other compatible therapeutic agents.
In therapeutic use as hypolipidemic and/or hypocholesterolemic agents and agents to treat osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and Alzheimer's disease, the salt forms of atorvastatin utilized in the pharmaceutical method of this invention are administered at the initial dosage of about 2.5 mg to about 80 mg daily. A daily dose range of about 2.5 mg to about 20 mg is preferred. The dosages, however, may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient, the severity of the condition being treated, and the compound being employed. Determination of the proper dosage for a particular situation is within the skill of the art. Generally, treatment is initiated with smaller dosages which are less than the optimum dose of the compound. Thereafter, the dosage is increased by small increments until the optimum effect under the circumstance is reached. For convenience, the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day if desired.
The following nonlimiting examples illustrate the inventors' preferred methods for preparing the compounds of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1
[R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, ammonium salt (atorvastatin ammonium)
The ammonium salt of atorvastatin was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (ACN) (0.634 g in 25 mL of ACN). A solution was prepared by dissolving 12.04 mg of ammonium hydroxide (1.0 equivalents) in acetonitrile (0.5 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid (2.24 mL) was added to the counterion solution with stirring. If a gel formed, additional acetonitrile and water was added as necessary. After 2 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a 0.45 μm nylon 66 membrane filter. The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile and air dried at ambient conditions to afford atorvastatin ammonium.
EXAMPLE 2
[R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, N-benzyl-2-phenylethylamine (atorvastatin benethamine)
Method A: The benethamine salt of atorvastatin (Form A) was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (1 g in 40 mL of ACN). A solution of N-benzyl-2-phenylethylamine (benethamine) was prepared by dissolving 378.59 mg (1.0 equivalents) in acetonitrile (10 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid was added to the counterion solution with stirring. Over time, an additional 40 mL of acetonitrile was added to prevent the formation of a gel. After 5 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel fitted with a paper filter (#2 Whatman). The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile (75 mL), and placed in a 25′C oven under nitrogen to dry overnight to afford atorvastatin benethamine Form A.
Method B: The benethamine salt of atorvastatin (Form B) was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in 2-propanol (IPA) (1 g in 40 mL of IPA). A solution of N-benzyl-2-phenylethylamine (benethamine) was prepared by dissolving 388.68 mg (1.1 equivalents) in 2-propanol (100 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid was added to the counterion solution with stirring. Seed crystals of the benethamine salt were added. The mixture was reduced to a wet solid under a nitrogen bleed, and the resulting solids were slurried in 2-propanol (40 mL). After 7 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel fitted with a paper filter (#2 Whatman). The solids were rinsed with 2-propanol (25 mL), and placed in a 25° C. oven under nitrogen to dry overnight to afford atorvastatin benethamine Form B.
EXAMPLE 3
[R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid,N,N1-bis(phenylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (atorvastatin benzathine)
Method A: The benzathine salt of atorvastatin (Form A) was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (1 g in 40 mL of ACN). A solution of N,N′-bis(phenylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (benzathine) was prepared by dissolving 220.64 mg (0.5 equivalents) in acetonitrile (80 mL) and water (20 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid was added to the counterion solution with stirring. After 2 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel fitted with a paper filter (#2 Whatman). The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile (75 mL), and placed in a 25° C. oven under nitrogen to dry overnight to afford benzathine Form A.
Method B: The benzathine salt of atorvastatin (Form B) was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (1 g in 40 mL of ACN). A solution of N,N′-bis(phenylmethyl-1,2-ethanediamine (benzathine) was prepared by dissolving 220.64 mg (0.5 equivalents) in acetonitrile (80 mL) and water (20 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid was added to the counterion solution with stirring. After 2 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel fitted with a paper filter (#2 Whatman). The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile (75 mL) to afford atorvastatin benzathine Form B. Note that this procedure is the same as above except that the sample was not oven dried.
Method C: The benzathine salt of atorvastatin (Form C) was synthesized by adding Form A atorvastatin benzathine to 3 mL of deionized water in excess of its solubility. The slurry was stirred at room temperature for 2 days, isolated by vacuum filtration, and dried under ambient conditions to yield atorvastatin benzathine Form C.
EXAMPLE 4
[R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid,N-(phenylmethyl)benzenemethanamine (atorvastatin dibenzylamine)
The dibenzylamine salt of atorvastatin was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (1 g in 40 mL of ACN). A solution of dibenzylamine was prepared by dissolving 351.05 mg (1.0 equivalents) in acetonitrile (100 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid was added to the counterion solution with stirring. Over time, additional acetonitrile was added to prevent formation of a gel (100 mL), and the solid was allowed to stir. After 4 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel fitted with a paper filter (#2 Whatman). The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile (75 mL), and placed in a 25° C. oven under nitrogen to dry overnight to afford atorvastatin dibenzylamine.
EXAMPLE 5
[R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[phenylamino)carbonyl]1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid,N-ethylethanamine (atorvastatin diethylamine)
Method A: The diethylamine salt of atorvastatin (Form A) was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (1 g in 40 mL of ACN). A solution of diethylamine was prepared by dissolving 132.33 mg (1.0 equivalents) in acetonitrile (20 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid was added to the counterion solution with stirring. Over time, an additional 40 mL of acetonitrile was added to prevent the formation of a gel. After 5 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel fitted with a paper filter (#2 Whatman). The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile (75 mL), and placed in a 25° C. oven under nitrogen to dry overnight to afford atorvastatin diethylamine Form A.
Method B: The diethylamine salt of atorvastatin (Form B) was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (1 g in 40 mL of ACN). A solution of diethylamine was prepared by dissolving 132.33 mg (1.0 equivalents) in acetonitrile (20 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid was added to the counterion solution with stirring. Over time, an additional 40 mL of acetonitrile was added to prevent the formation of a gel. After 5 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel fitted with a paper filter (#2 Whatman). The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile (75 mL) to afford atorvastatin diethylamine Form B. Note that this procedure is the same as above except that the sample was not oven dried.
EXAMPLE 6
[R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, tertiary-butylamine (atorvastatin erbumine)
The erbumine salt of atorvastatin was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (1 g in 40 mL of ACN). A solution of tert-butylamine (erbumine) was prepared by dissolving 128.00 mg (1.0 equivalents) in acetonitrile (10 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid was added to the counterion solution with stirring. Over time, an additional 120 mL of acetonitrile was added to prevent the formation of a gel. After 5 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel fitted with a paper filter (#2 Whatman). The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile (75 mL), and placed in a 25° C. oven under nitrogen to dry overnight to afford atorvastatin erbumine.
EXAMPLE 7
[R—(R*,R)]-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-8,6-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, L-lysine (atorvastatin L-lysine)
The L-lysine salt of atorvastatin was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (2.577 g in 50 mL of IPA). A solution of L-lysine was prepared by dissolving 28.0 mg (1.0 equivalents) in isopropyl alcohol (1 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid (2.08 mL) was added to the counterion solution with stirring. After 7 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a 0.45 μm nylon 66 membrane filter. The solids were rinsed with IPA and allowed to air dry at ambient temperature to afford L-lysine.
EXAMPLE 8
[R—(R*,R*)]-(4-Fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine (atorvastatin morpholine)
The morpholine salt of atorvastatin was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (1 g in 40 mL of ACN). A solution of morpholine was prepared by dissolving 160.28 mg (1.1 equivalents) in acetonitrile (100 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid was added to the counterion solution with stirring. No salt formed, so the solution was evaporated under N2 until a white solid formed. Acetonitrile was then added to the solid (50 mL), and the solid was allowed to stir. After 3 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel fitted with a paper filter (#2 Whatman). The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile (25 mL), and placed in a 25° C. oven under nitrogen to dry overnight to afford atorvastatin morpholine.
EXAMPLE 9
[R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, 2-aminoethanol (atorvastatin olamine)
Method A—The olamine salt of atorvastatin was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (0.8 g in 25 mL of ACN). A solution of olamine was prepared by dissolving 15.0 mg of olamine ( ̃2.7 equivalents) in 0.5 mL of acetonitrile. The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid (3.0 mL) was added to the counterion solution with stirring. If a gel formed, additional acetonitrile was added as necessary. After 6 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a 0.45 μm nylon 66 membrane filter. The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile and air dried at ambient conditions to afford atorvastatin olamine.
Method B—The olamine salt of atorvastatin was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (1 g in 40 mL of ACN). A solution of 2-aminoethanol (olamine) was prepared by dissolving 139.77 mg (1.1 equivalents) in acetonitrile (100 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid was added to the counterion solution with stirring. Seed crystals of the olamine salt were added. Over time, additional acetonitrile was added to aid in stirring (300 mL), and the solid was allowed to stir. After 4 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel fitted with a paper filter (#2 Whatman). The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile (75 mL), and placed in a 25° C. oven under nitrogen to dry for two days to afford atorvastatin olamine.
EXAMPLE 10
[R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, piperazine (atorvastatin piperazine)
The piperazine salt of atorvastatin was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in isopropyl alcohol (2.577 g in 50 mL of IPA). A solution of piperazine was prepared by dissolving 14.4 mg (1.0 equivalents) in isopropyl alcohol (1 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid (1.85 mL) was added to the counterion solution with stirring. After 7 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a 0.45 μm nylon 66 membrane filter. The solids were rinsed with isopropyl alcohol and air dried at ambient conditions to afford atorvastatin piperazine.
EXAMPLE 11
[R—(R*,R*)]2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, sodium (atorvastatin sodium)
The sodium salt of atorvastatin was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (0.634 g in 25 mL of ACN). A solution was prepared by dissolving 2.67 mg of sodium hydroxide (1.0 equivalents) in 0.5 mL of acetonitrile and 0.05 mL of water. The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid (1.55 mL) was added to the counterion solution with stirring. If a gel formed, additional acetonitrile and water was added as necessary. After 6 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a 0.45 μm nylon 66 membrane filter. The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile and air dried at ambient conditions to afford atorvastatin sodium.
EXAMPLE 12
[R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol (atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol)
Method A—The 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol salt of atorvastatin was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (0.8 g in 25 mL of ACN). A solution of 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol was prepared by dissolving 6.1 mg of 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol (1 equivalents) in 0.5 mL of acetonitrile. The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid (1.21 mL) was added to the counterion solution with stirring. If a gel formed, additional acetonitrile was added as necessary. After 6 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a 0.45 μm nylon 66 membrane filter. The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile and air dried at ambient conditions to afford atoravastatin 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol.
Method B—The 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol salt of atorvastatin was synthesized by preparing a stock solution of the free acid of atorvastatin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995) in acetonitrile (1 g in 40 mL of ACN). A solution of 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol was prepared by dissolving 173.08 mg (1.1 equivalents) in acetonitrile (100 mL). The stock solution of atorvastatin free acid was added to the counterion solution with stirring. Seed crystals of the 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol salt were added. Over time, additional acetonitrile was added to aid in stirring (100 mL), and the solid was allowed to stir. After 4 days of stirring at ambient temperature, the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel fitted with a paper filter (#2 Whatman). The solids were rinsed with acetonitrile (75 mL), and placed in a 25° C. oven under nitrogen to dry for two days to afford atorvastatin 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol.

## Claims

1. A Form A atorvastatin benethamine having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 4.7, 5.3, 9.5, 12.0, 15.6, 18.1, and 19.9, or a solid state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts expressed in parts per million: −113.2 and −114.2.

2. A Form B atorvastatin benethamine having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 5.0, 7.1, 8.4, 10.0, 11.6, 12.6, 14.8, and 20.2, or a solid state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts expressed in parts per million: −113.7 and −114.4.

3. A Form A atorvastatin benethamine characterized by solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts expressed in parts per million: 180.1, 178.8, 165.1, 164.1, 161.7, 160.7, 26.5, 25.1, 23.5, 23.1, 19.7, and 19.1.

4. A Form A atorvastatin benethamine characterized by solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts expressed in parts per million: 180.1, 178.8, 165.1, 164.1, 162.8, 161.7, 160.7, 140.6, 139.6, 137.9, 136.1, 133.0, 129.6, 127.3, 126.4, 125.4, 123.1, 122.5, 121.6, 121.1, 119.9, 116.4, 115.4, 114.5, 114.0, 66.0, 65.5, 64.6, 53.6, 51.5, 51.0, 47.8, 44.6, 43.3, 41.4, 40.9, 38.5, 37.7, 36.8, 34.0, 32.7, 26.5, 25.1, 23.5, 23.1, 19.7, and 19.1.

5. A Form B atorvastatin benethamine characterized by solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts expressed in parts per million: 179.4, 165.6, 26.5, 23.5, and 19.6.

6. A Form B atorvastatin benethamine characterized by solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts expressed in parts per million: 179.4, 165.6, 162.4, 140.1, 138.6, 133.6, 132.8, 129.9, 128.2, 125.7, 123.6, 114.8, 69.6, 69.0, 52.3, 49.8, 43.1, 42.2, 39.6, 38.9, 31.5, 26.5, 23.5, and 19.6.

7. A Form A atorvastatin benethamine having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 4.7, 5.3, 6.0, 7.8, 8.9, 9.5, 10.5, 12.0, 13.8, 14.3, 15.6, 16.7, 16.9, 17.6, 17.8, 18.1, 18.8, 19.1, 19.9, 21.3, 21.9, 22.7, 23.6, 24.3, 25.9, 26.3, 27.0, 27.9, 28.8, and 29.6.

8. A Form B atorvastatin benethamine having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern containing the following 2θ peaks measured using CuKα radiation: 4.1, 5.0, 5.8, 7.1, 8.4, 8.9, 10.0, 11.6, 12.6, 14.4, 14.8, 16.5, 17.7, 18.6, 20.2, 21.4, 21.6, 22.3, 22.7, 23.4, 23.6, 25.0, 25.2, 25.9, 26.2, 28.0, 28.3, 29.3, 29.7, 31.8, 33.5, 35.2, and 35.8.