# Patent

## Title
Puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire and its preparation method, and a leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized in the method

## Abstract

The present disclosure provides a safety tire having a puncture-resistant, bulletproof, and leakproof capability between about −45° C. to about 120° C. without any damaging process to the inside wall of the tire, but just by spray coating a layer of leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material with a thickness of about 2 mm to about 8 mm to the inside wall of the tire that does not have an inner tube. The present disclosure also provides the components of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material and the method to prepare the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tires.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Not applicable
REFERENCE REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not applicable
SEQUENTIAL LISTING
Not applicable
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a puncture-resistant, bulletproof, and leakproof safety tire and its preparation method, and a leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized in the method.
2. Description of the Background of the Invention
At present, tires are classified to two kinds: tires including an inner tube and tires not including an inner tube. Presently, the tires not including an inner tube are utilized in most vehicles for riding and it is also promotionally introduced to be utilized in the cargo truck under the call of the government. The tires not including an inner tube possess excellent heat-sinking capability, ductility, amenity, airtightness, and long-spacing interval for using between two times of charging. However, if a tire without an inner tube is pierced by a pointed object, in short time, the gas pressure in the tire will leak through the pierced hole slowly, while the pointed object stays in the tire and air will leak fast after the pointed object sheds from the tire. The result caused by that situation in high-speed driving is unpredictable.
Some methods to prevent danger caused by gas leakage of tires after puncture have been reported, mainly including:
One known method provides a kind of tire comprised of a tire body and a pattern on the tire body, wherein there is a layer consisting of ceramic, fabric cloth, and epikote composite on tire body and the pattern.
Another known method provides a kind of structure-modified explosion-proof tire comprised of tread, an inner tube, and leakproof liquid. The leakproof liquid is filled in the seal part of the inner edge of the inner tube to prevent leakage.
Yet another known method provides a kind of tire without an inner tube that is exempt from repair, having a leakproof layer of silica gel or silicone glass cement adhered to the inner surface of the tire. There is also a pressure-equalizing layer on the leakproof layer.
Another known method provides a kind of styrene-isoprene composite leakproof layer and processes to get certain roughness by cutting, sanding, knife-scraping and so on, which have certain damaging effects to the tire. As a result of this process, the tire becomes unsafe.
Another known method provides a kind of puncture-proof tire composite comprised of the following parts by weight of materials: 100 parts of thermoplastic elastomer containing styrene group, 110 ̃190 parts of binder, 80 ̃140 parts of liquid plasticizing agent and 2 ̃20 parts of addition agent. Because the content of the liquid plasticizing agent is higher than 20%, the composite possesses strong flowing power. During high speed driving, the composite will flow to the center part of the tire rim under centrifugal force, which will cause imbalance of the tire and the tire edge will puncture. As a result, gas leakage will happen. Otherwise, this method does not solve the high-temperature and low-temperature resistant problem of tires.
The aforementioned methods are directed to leakproof problems in tires, however lots of shortcomings exist. Tire products look simple, but are complicated in fact and have a high technological requirement because it is the basic guarantee of vehicle-driving safety. Furthermore, tires are required to pass the test of working in large temperature differences and under load-bearing stress for a long time. Especially, tires are required to have a much higher safety index of dynamic balance, high speed, persistence and so on. Tires must bear low-temperatures of −45° C. and gas leakage must not happen after being punctured while high-speed driving, even after driving a long-time at a high-temperature, for example, even at about 120° C. However, the aforementioned methods can not satisfy these requirements, or the tires lose their leakproof capability because the leakproof layer is shed off from the tires after the adhesion between the leakproof layer and the tire becomes loose, which is caused by the leakproof layer aging in these methods.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that present tires can't resist high temperatures, low temperatures, and long-time utilization and not have good dynamic balance, to provide a kind of puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire and its preparation method, and a kind of leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized in the method.
According to one aspect of the present application, a puncture-resistant, bulletproof, and leakproof safety tire includes a puncture-resistant, bulletproof, and leakproof capability between about −45° C. to about 120° C. without any damaging process to the inside wall of the tire. The tire is spray coated with a layer of leakproof hermetically-repairing and elastic macromolecular colloid with a thickness of about 2 mm to about 8 mm to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube.
According to another aspect of the present application, a method for preparing a puncture-resistant, bulletproof, and leakproof safety tire includes the steps of washing a half-finished master tire at a medium temperature to make the inside wall of the master tire satisfy the cohesion requirement of spray coating, putting the master tire into a drying room or a drying channel at a constant temperature of about 50° C. to about 80° C. for about 2 to about 8 hours according to the different kinds of the tires, mixing the components following their proportion at a temperature of about 170° C. to about 320° C. for about 0.5 hours to about 3 hours to prepare the leakproof hermetically-repairing and elastic macromolecular colloid, and coating the prepared leakproof hermetically-repairing and elastic macromolecular colloid in the fused phase to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by high-pressure spray coating or knife coating.
According to yet another aspect of the present application, a leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material applied in the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire includes about 42% to about 62% by weight of an elastic material, about 34% to about 54% by weight of a tackifier, about 3% to about 8% by weight of a softener, about 0.5% to about 1.5% by weight of an anti-aging agent, about 0% to about 3% by weight of a vesicant, about 0% to about 15% by weight of a bulking agent, and about 0% to about 1% by weight of a cross-linking agent.
Illustratively, some advantages of this invention include in some embodiments: (1) the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire possesses puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof capability between about −45° C. to about 120° C., and (2) after being punctured by pointed object or shot through by bullet, the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire can maintain high-speed operation over a long distance without gas leakage. It possesses excellent persistence and dynamic balance.
Other aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description and the attached drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows three types of the inner wall structures of the puncture-resistant, bulletproof, and leakproof safety tire of this invention;
FIG. 2 is the schematic plan showing that after the sidewall of the tire is shot through by a bullet, the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire of this invention still work in a normal way;
FIG. 3 is the schematic plan showing that after the sidewall and tread of the tire is punctured by relatively long, thick and pointed objects (big screwdriver), the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire of this invention still work in a normal way;
FIG. 4 is the schematic plan showing that after the tread of the tire is punctured by an iron nail, the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire of this invention still work in a normal way.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following examples are used to further explain this invention, but not to restrict the scope of this invention.
Example 1
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 48% elastic material, 40% tackifier, 8% softener, 3% bulking agent and 1% anti-aging agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 1) at a temperature of 210° C. for 1 hour, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire that did not have an inner tube by high-pressure spray coating (with a thickness of 2 mm) and a first embodiment of a puncture resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 1








proportion by


Material
Name
Producer
weight (%)


















elastic
SIS
Kraton polymers
33


material
SEBS
Kraton polymers
15


tackifier
terpene resin-
Jiangsu Dongtai 
30




Yaerda Chemical Ltd.




petroleum resin
Shanghai Jinsen 
10




Petroleum Resin Ltd.



softener
naphthenic oil
Shanghai Jinhai 
6




Special Lubricant Plant




DBP
Jinzhou Petrochemical 
2




Corporation





Chemical Plant No. 2



bulking
nanophase lime
Shanghai Gerunya 
3


agent
carbonate
Nanophase Material





Ltd.



anti-aging
Anti-aging Agent
Ciba specialty chemicals
0.5


agent
1010





Anti-aging Agent
Ciba specialty chemicals
0.5



1076









Example 2
Military and Civilian Special Type
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the Military and Civilian Special Type of tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 50% elastic material, 37% tackifier, 2% vesicant, 7% softener, 2% bulking agent, 1% anti-aging agent and 1% cross-linking agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 2) at a temperature of 250° C. for 1.5 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by high-pressure spray coating (with a thickness of 2 mm) and another of a puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 2








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
SIS
Kraton polymers
40


material
high styrene
Lanzhou Petrochemical 
5



rubber
Branch Latex





Research Center




native rubber
Hainan East 
5




Road Farm



tackifier
terpene resin
Jiangsu Dongtai 
22




Yaerda Chemical Ltd.




hydrogenated
Nanjing Yangzi 
15



petroleum resin
Eastman Chemical Ltd.



vesicant
Vesicant OBSH
Kaifeng Dongda 
2




Chemical (Group) Ltd.



softener
DBP
Jinzhou Petrochemical 
7




Corporation





Chemical Plant No. 2



bulking
nanophase lime
Shanghai Gerunya 
2


agent
carbonate
Nanophase Material Ltd.



anti-aging
Anti-aging Agent
Ciba specialty chemicals
1


agent
1010




cross-linking
zinc oxide
Liaoning Cucurbit 
1


agent

Island Zinc Plant









Example 3
Military and Civilian Common Type
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the Military and Civilian Common Type of tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 49% elastic material, 40% tackifier, 5% softener, 2% vesicant, 3% bulking agent and 1% anti-aging agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 3) at temperature of 200° C. for 2 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by high-pressure spray coating (with a thickness of 2 mm) and another embodiment of a puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 3








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
SIS
Kraton polymers
29


material
SEBS
Kraton polymers
20


tackifier
hydrogenated
Nanjing Yangzi 
25



petroleum resin
Eastman Chemical 





Ltd.




glycerol ester 
Shanghai Nanda 
13



of rosin
Chemical Plant




petroleum resin
Shanghai Nanda 
2




Chemical Plant



softener
naphthenic oil
Shanghai Jinhai 
5




Special Lubricant Plant



vesicant
OBSH
Kaifeng Dongda 
2




Chemical (Group) Ltd.



bulking
nanophase 
Shanghai Gerunya 
3


agent
lime
Nanophase Material




carbonate
Ltd.



anti-aging
Anti-aging 
Ciba specialty 
0.5


agent
Agent 1010
chemicals




Anti-aging Agent 1076
Ciba specialty 
0.5




chemicals









Example 4
Trunk Type
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the Trunk Type of tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 45% elastic material, 43% tackifier, 5% bulking agent, 6% softener and 1% anti-aging agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 4) at temperature of 190° C. for 2.5 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by knife coating (with a thickness of 6 mm) and another embodiment of a puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 4








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
SIS
Kraton polymers
30


material
SEBS
Kraton polymers
15


tackifier
terpene resin
Jiangsu Dongtai 
23




Yaerda Chemical Ltd.




hydrogenated 
Nanjing Yangzi 
20



petroleum
Eastman Chemical Ltd.




resin




bulking
nanophase lime 
Shanghai Gerunya 
5


agent
carbonate
Nanophase Material





Ltd.



softener
naphthenic oil
Shanghai Jinhai 
4




Special Lubricant Plant




DBP
Jinzhou Petrochemical 
2




Corporation





Chemical Plant No. 2



anti-aging
anti-aging agent1010
Ciba specialty chemicals
0.5


agent
anti-aging agent1076
Ciba specialty chemicals
0.5









Example 5
Light and Motorcycle Type
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the Light and Motorcycle Type of tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 48% elastic material, 45% tackifier, 6% softener and 1% anti-aging agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 5) at a temperature of 170° C. for 1 hour, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by knife coating (with a thickness of 6 mm) and yet another embodiment of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 5








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
SIS
Kraton polymers
48


material





tackifier
glycerol ester of rosin
Shanghai Nanda
20




Chemical Plant




petroleum resin
Shanghai Jinsen
25




Petroleum Resin Ltd.



softener
naphthenic oil
Shanghai Jinhai Special
6




Lubricant Plant



anti-aging
anti-aging agent1010
Ciba specialty chemicals
1


agent









Example 6
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 43% elastic material, 53% tackifier, 3% softener and 1% anti-aging agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 6) at a temperature of 180° C. for 3 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by high-pressure spray coating (with a thickness of 2 mm) and yet another embodiment of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 6








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
SIS
Kraton polymers
43


material





tackifier
petroleum resin
Shanghai Jinsen
53




Petroleum Resin Ltd.



softener
naphthenic oil
Shanghai Jinhai Special
3




Lubricant Plant



anti-aging
anti-aging agent1010
Ciba specialty chemicals
1


agent









Example 7
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 62% elastic material, 34% tackifier, 3.5% softener and 0.5% anti-aging agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 7) at a temperature of 320° C. for 1.5 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by knife coating (with a thickness of 5 mm) and yet another embodiment of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 7








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
native rubber
Hainan East Road Farm
62


material





tackifier
glycerol ester
Shanghai Nanda Chemical Plant
34



of rosin




softener
aromatic oil
Jinzhou Petrochemical Ltd.
3.5


anti-aging
Anti-aging
Nanjing Chemical Plant
0.5


agent
Agent R D









Example 8
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 52% elastic material, 43.5% tackifier, 3% softener and 1.5% anti-aging agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 8) at a temperature of 300° C. for 1.5 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by knife coating (with a thickness of 7 mm) and another embodiment of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 8








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
polyisoprene
Shanghai Weixin Chemical Ltd.
52


material
rubber




tackifier
terpene resin
Jiangsu Dongtai Yaerda
43.5




Chemical Ltd.



softener
DBP
Jinzhou Petrochemical
3




Corporation Chemical Plant No. 2



anti-aging
Anti-aging
Ciba specialty chemicals
1.5


agent
Agent 1076









Example 9
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 53% elastic material, 38% tackifier, 8% softener, 1% anti-aging agent and 1% cross-linking agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 9) at a temperature of 280° C. for 2 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by high-pressure spray coating (with a thickness of 3 mm) and another embodiment of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 9








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
SEBS
Kraton polymers
53


material





tackifier
hydrogenated
Nanjing Yangzi Eastman
38



petroleum resin
Chemical Ltd.



softener
DEP
Shanghai Jinwei Chemical Ltd.
8


anti-aging
anti-aging
Nanjing Chemical Plant
1


agent
agent4010NA









Example 10
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 45% elastic material, 46.2% tackifier, 5% softener, 3% vesicant and 0.8% anti-aging agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 10) at a temperature of 200° C. for 2 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by knife coating (with a thickness of 6 mm) and another embodiment of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 10








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
high styrene rubber
Lanzhou Petrochemical
45


material

Branch Latex





Research Center



tackifier
abietic acid
Shanghai Nanda
46.2



pentaerythritol ester
Chemical Plant



softener
naphthenic oil-
Shanghai Jinhai Special
5




Lubricant Plant



anti-aging
anti-aging
Nanjing Chemical Plant
0.8


agent
agent4010NA




vesicant
Vesicant OBSH
Kaifeng Dongda
3




Chemical (Group) Ltd.









Example 11
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 45% elastic material, 34.8% tackifier, 4% softener, 15% bulking agent and 1.2% anti-aging agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 11) at a temperature of 320° C. for 0.5 hour, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by knife coating (with a thickness of 8 mm) and another embodiment of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 11








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
SIS
Kraton polymers
30


material
SEPS
Kraton polymers
15


tackifier
rosin milk-
Deqing Feiyan Resin
20




Emulsion Ltd.




terpene-phenolic resin
Guangdong Yangchun
14.8




City Qiaolin





silvichemical Ltd.



softener
naphthenic oil
Shanghai Jinhai Special
3




Lubricant Plant




liquid polybutadien
Jinzhou Guta District
1




softener Plant



anti-aging
Anti-aging Agent 1010
Ciba specialty chemicals
1


agent
Anti-aging Agent 1076
Ciba specialty chemicals
0.2


bulking
nanophase lime
Shanghai Gerunya
15


agent
carbonate
Nanophase Material Ltd.









Example 12
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 45% elastic material, 48% tackifier, 5.3% softener, 0.7% anti-aging agent and 1% cross-linking agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 12) at a temperature of 200° C. for 2 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by high-pressure spray coating (with a thickness of 8 mm) and the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 12








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
SIS
Kraton polymers
30


material
native rubber
Hainan East Road Farm
15


tackifier
coumarone
Baoshan Iron & Steel
20



indene resin
Ltd. Chemical Branch




rosin
Guangdong Zhongye Rosin Ltd.
28



coumarone




softener
DEP
Shanghai Jinwei Chemical Ltd.
3



aromatic oil
Jinzhou Petrochemical Ltd.
2.3


anti-aging
Anti-aging
Ciba specialty chemicals
0.5


agent
Agent 1076





Anti-aging
Nanjing Chemical Plant
0.2



Agent R D




cross-linking
Bakelite
Liaoning Cucurbit Island Zinc
1


agent

Plant









Example 13
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 50% elastic material, 39% tackifier, 7.5% softener, 1% vesicant, 1.5% bulking agent, 0.7% anti-aging agent and 0.3% cross-linking agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 13) at a temperature of 170° C. for 3 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by knife coating (with a thickness of 5 mm) and the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 13








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
SIS
Kraton polymers
10


material
native rubber
Hainan East Road Farm
40


tackifier
coumarone
Baoshan Iron & Steel
20



indene resin
Ltd. Chemical Branch




rosin
Guangdong Zhongye Rosin
19



coumarone
Ltd.



softener
DEP
Shanghai Jinwei Chemical
5




Ltd.




aromatic oil
Jinzhou Petrochemical Ltd.
2.5


anti-aging
Anti-aging
Ciba specialty chemicals
0.3


agent
Agent 1076





Anti-aging
Nanjing Chemical Plant
0.4



Agent R D




bulking agent
black carbon
Shanghai Dongjian Chemical
1.5




Ltd.



vesicant
Vesicant
Kaifeng Dongda Chemical
1



OBSH
(Group) Ltd.



cross-linking
zinc oxide
Liaoning Cucurbit Island Zinc
0.3


agent

Plant









Example 14
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 44.5% elastic material, 34% tackifier, 3% softener, 3% vesicant, 15% bulking agent and 0.5% anti-aging agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 14) at a temperature of 190° C. for 2.5 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by high-pressure spray coating (with a thickness of 6 mm) and the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 14








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
SIS
Kraton polymers
30


material
native rubber
Hainan East Road Farm
14.5


tackifier
glycerol ester
Shanghai Nanda Chemical
11



of rosin
Plant




glycerol ester of
Zhuzhou Sobon Forest
23



hydrogenated
Chemical Ltd.




rosin




softener
naphthenic oil
Shanghai Jinhai Special
1




Lubricant Plant




DBP
Jinzhou Petrochemical
2




Corporation Chemical Plant





No. 2



anti-aging
Anti-aging
Ciba specialty chemicals
0.2


agent
Agent 1010





Anti-aging
Nanjing Chemical Plant
0.3



Agent R D




bulking
Riopone
China Aluminum Fabrication
15


agent

Ltd. Henan Branch



vesicant
Vesicant OBSH
Kaifeng Dongda Chemical
3




(Group) Ltd.









Example 15
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 42.5% elastic material, 37.5% tackifier, 3.3% softener, 15% bulking agent, 0.7% anti-aging agent and 1% cross-linking agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 15) at a temperature of 240° C. for 3 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by knife coating (with a thickness of 8 mm) and the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 15








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
SBS
Kraton polymers
35


material
high styrene 
Lanzhou Petrochemical 
7.5



rubber
Branch Latex





Research Center



tackifier
petroleum resin
Shanghai Jinsen 
30




Petroleum Resin Ltd.




rosin milk
Deqing Feiyan 
7.5




Resin Emulsion Ltd.



softener
DBP
Jinzhou Petrochemical 
2




Corporation





Chemical Plant No. 2




DEP
Shanghai Jinwei 
1.3




Chemical Ltd.



anti-aging
Anti-aging 
Ciba specialty 
0.4


agent
Agent 1010
chemicals




Anti-aging Agent
Nanjing Chemical Plant
0.3



4010NA




bulking
black carbon
Shanghai Dongjian 
15


agent

Chemical Ltd.



cross-linking
zinc oxide
Liaoning Cucurbit 
0.7


agent

Island Zinc Plant




Bakelite
Shanghai Nanda 
0.3




Chemical Plant









Example 16
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 46.6% elastic material, 43% tackifier, 6% softener, 3% vesicant, 0.5% anti-aging agent and 0.9% cross-linking agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 16) at a temperature of 180° C. for 2 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by high-pressure spray coating (with a thickness of 2 mm) and the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 16








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
SIS
Kraton polymers
30


material
native rubber
Hainan East Road 
16.6




Farm



tackifier
glycerol ester of
Shanghai Nanda 
40



rosin
Chemical Plant




glycerol ester of
Zhuzhou Sobon 
3



hydrogenated rosin
Forest Chemical Ltd.



softener
naphthenic oil
Shanghai Jinhai 
5




Special Lubricant Plant




DBP
Jinzhou Petrochemical 
1




Corporation





Chemical Plant No. 2



anti-aging
Anti-aging Agent
Ciba specialty 
0.8


agent
1010
chemicals




Anti-aging Agent
Nanjing Chemical 
0.1



4010NA
Plant



vesicant
Vesicant OBSH
Kaifeng Dongda 
3




Chemical (Group) Ltd.



cross-linking
zinc oxide
Liaoning Cucurbit 
0.4


agent

Island Zinc Plant




Bakelite
Shanghai Nanda 
0.1




Chemical Plant









Example 17
The components and their proportion of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material utilized for the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire (100% by weight is taken as standard): 45% elastic material, 44.5% tackifier, 4.8% softener, 0.5% vesicant, 4% bulking agent, 0.2% cross-linking agent and 1% anti-aging agent. The aforementioned components were mixed following their proportion (shown in Table 17) at a temperature of 190° C. for 2 hours, then the prepared fused product was coated to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by high-pressure spray coating (with a thickness of 2 mm) and the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire was prepared.










TABLE 17








proportion





by weight


Material
Name
Producer
(%)


















elastic
SIS
Kraton polymers
15


material
SEPS
Kraton polymers
5



SEBS
Kraton polymers
5



SBS
Kraton polymers
4



high styrene 
Lanzhou Petrochemical 
3



rubber
Branch Latex





Research Center




native rubber
Hainan East Road Farm
7



polyisoprene 
Shanghai Weixin 
6



rubber
Chemical Ltd.



tackifier
hydrogenated 
Guangxi Wuzhou 
2



rosin
Sun Shine Forestry &





Chemicals Ltd.




glycerol ester 
Shanghai Nanda 
3



of rosin
Chemical Plant




hydrogenated 
Nanjing Yangzi 
4



petroleum
Eastman Chemical 




resin
Ltd.




terpene resin
Jiangsu Dongtai Yaerda 
2




Chemical Ltd.




petroleum resin
Shanghai Jinsen 
5




Petroleum Resin Ltd.




rosin milk
Deqing Feiyan Resin 
3




Emulsion Ltd.




petroleum resin 
Tamanol polymers
4



emulsion





glycerol ester of
Zhuzhou Sobon Forest 
10.5



hydrogenated rosin
Chemical Ltd.




abietic acid 
Shanghai Nanda 
3



pentaerythritol
Chemical Plant




ester





terpene-phenolic 
Guangdong Yangchun 
2



resin
City Qiaolin





silvichemical Ltd.




coumarone 
Baoshan Iron & 
5



indene resin
Steel Ltd. Chemical





Branch




rosin coumarone
Guangdong Zhongye 
1




Rosin Ltd.



bulking
nanophase lime 
Shanghai Gerunya 
1


agent
carbonate
Nanophase Material





Ltd.




quartz flour
Hebei Xuexin Mica Ltd.
1.5



black 
Shanghai Dongjian 
0.5



carbonN330
Chemical Ltd.




Riopone
China Aluminum 
1




Fabrication Ltd.





Henan Branch



anti-aging
Anti-aging 
Ciba specialty 
0.1


agent
Agent 1010
chemicals




Anti-aging 
Ciba specialty 
0.2



Agent 1076
chemicals




Anti-aging 
Nanjing Chemical 
0.5



Agent R D
Plant




Anti-aging 
Nanjing Chemical 
0.2



Agent 4010NA
Plant



softener
naphthenic oil
Shanghai Jinhai 
0.7




Special Lubricant 





Plant




DBP
Jinzhou Petrochemical 
1.3




Corporation





Chemical Plant No. 2




DEP
Shanghai Jinwei 
1




Chemical Ltd.




aromatic oil
Jinzhou Petrochemical 
0.9




Ltd.




liquid 
Jinzhou Guta District 
0.9



polybutadien
softener Plant



vesicant
Vesicant 
Kaifeng Dongda 
0.5



OBSH
Chemical (Group) Ltd.



cross-
zinc oxide
Liaoning Cucurbit 
0.1


linking

Island Zinc Plant



agent
Bakelite
Shanghai Nanda 
0.1




Chemical Plant









In these examples, in addition to the preparation of the leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material, the preparation of the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire included the following steps: wash the half-finished master tire at a medium temperature to make the inside wall of the master tire satisfy the cohesion requirement of spray coating; then put the master tire into a drying room or drying channel at a constant temperature of about 50° C. to about 80° C. for about 2 to about 8 hours according to the different kinds of the tires. Following this process, the tire can stretch evenly, the shrinkage of tire caused by the large temperature difference between the tire and the colloid while spraying the colloid can be reduced, and the cohesion between the tire and the colloid can be enhanced. Next, coat the prepared leakproof hermetically-repairing and elastic macromolecular colloid in a fused phase to the inside wall of the tire without an inner tube by high-pressure spray coating or knife coating.
Alternatively, the leakproof hermetically-repairing and elastic macromolecular colloid liquid may be cooled while spray coating. Bring the leakproof hermetically-repairing and elastic macromolecular colloid liquid of a temperature of about 160° C. to about 240° C. to the gum layer of the inside wall of the tire by gas flow of a temperature of about −30° C. through the gas flow channel in order to fast cool, solidify, and shape the colloid liquid layer adhered to the tire. When the temperature descends to about 40° C., the solidification and shape of the colloid layer is finished, and the cooling should be stopped. Thus, the puncture-resistant, bulletproof, and leakproof macromolecular composite elastic colloid can be adhered hard to the long-radius elbow tire carcass of the related part of the inside wall of the tire that does not have an inner tube.
The thickness of the seal layer exempt from repair can be controlled between about 2 mm to about 8 mm according to different requirements. The preferable range of thickness is from about 2.5 mm to about 4 mm. Too thin of a colloid layer will reduce the leakproof capability and too thick of a colloid layer will effect the weight of the tire. The thickness of the colloid layer ultimately depends on work temperature, the temperature of the colloid, equipment, cooling, and the operation of each step during the process. It is the most preferable that the colloid possesses relatively strong adhesion and caking property, and it can adhere hard to the inside wall of the controlled part of the vacuum tire.
Alternatively, on the leakproof hermetically-repairing and elastic macromolecular colloid layer, a protecting organic layer is coated thereon, which is capable of protecting the elastic colloid.
Effect Example 1
The Center for Detecting the Quality of the Digital Product for Safety and Police of China Police conducted the puncture-resistant and bulletproof capability test for the tire of this invention.
(1) Puncture-Resistant Capability Test (Steel Nail)
The tire was installed on the PaJeRo V6 3000 Type Mitsubishi Go-anywhere Vehicle. Then the vehicle rolled through a nail board where nails with a diameter of Φ4.8 mm and a protrudent length of 42 mm were set on five times at a speed of 20 Km/h. The air pressure of the tire before and after test had no difference, which satisfy the requirement.
(2) Puncture-Resistant Capability Test (Screwdriver)
The tires after the puncture-resistant capability test by steel nails were pierced with screwdrivers with a diameter of Φ8 mm or Φ6 mm and a length of 150 mm-200 mm. The air pressure of the tire before and after test had no difference, which satisfy the requirement.
(3) Bulletproof Capability Test
A tire of this invention was shot by a Type 56 7.62 mm semiautomatic rifle loaded with Type 56 7.62 mm common bullets 10 times and also shot by a Type 54 7.62 mm pistol loaded with Type 51 7.62 mm pistol bullets 5 times, both with a distance of 5 m away from the muzzle. All bullets got through the tire. Another tire was shot by a Type 54 7.62 mm pistol loaded with Type 51B 7.62 mm pistol bullets (steel core) 5 times. Before the test, the air pressure of the tires was 0.30 MPa. After shooting, the tires were installed on the V73 Type Mitsubishi Go-anywhere Vehicle immediately. Then the vehicle ran a distance of 200 km at a speed of 50 km/h on Changpin Mountain Road. After that, the air pressure of the tires was tested to be 0.30 MPa still. During the running, speedup, braking, and turning tests were conducted and the maximum speed was up to 94 km/h.
Conclusion: the puncture-resistant and bulletproof capability tests showed that the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire of this invention possesses excellent puncture-resistant and bulletproof capability. After punctured by steel nails and screwdrivers or shot through by a Type 54 7.62 mm pistol and a Type 56 7.62 mm semiautomatic rifle respectively 5 times, the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire of this invention can still run a distance more than 200 km.
Effect Example 2
China Weapon Industry Supervision Center for Detecting the Quality of the bulletproof Product concluded the puncture-resistant and bulletproof capability test for the tire of this invention.
1. Test Equipment

    
    
        (1) an airborne troops and parachute troops assault Vehicle.
        (2) five 245/75R16 puncture-resistant and bulletproof tires.
    
    


Four of them were for the puncture-resistant test and the other one was for the bulletproof test.

    
    
        (3) two nail boards with nine nails proportionally set on with nail needlepoint up and a protrudent length of 47 mm.
        type of the board: 1000×215×31 mm.
        type of the: 04.7×80 mm.
        (4) five screwdrivers
        type of the screwdriver knifepoint: Φ5×73 mm.
        (5) guns and bullets
        a Type 54 7.62 mm pistol, a Type 56 7.62 mm machine rifle.
        five Type 51 7.62 mm pistol bullets, five Type 56 7.62 mm common bullets.
    
    


2. Test Method

    
    
        (1) Test of Rolling Nail Board for Tire:
        Step 1: four 245/75R16 puncture-resistant and bulletproof tires were installed on the airborne troops and parachute troops assault Vehicle.
        Step 2: two nail boards were set under the center bottom of the two front wheels of the airborne troops and parachute troops assault Vehicle.
        Step 3: The vehicle was started up and rolled forward and the front and back wheels rolled over the nail boards four times.
        (2) Screwdriver-puncture Test for Tire:
        Step 1: after rolling nail boards several times, the four tires were pierced with five screwdrivers respectively and then the screwdrivers were pulled out.
        Step 2: the tires were pierced with five screwdrivers respectively and then the screwdrivers were pulled out again and then the same action was repeated again.
        (3) Bulletproof Test for Tire:
        Step 1: set a tire on the proving ground with a distance of 5 m away from muzzle.
        Step 2: different parts of the tire sidewall were shot by a Type 54 7.62 mm pistol loaded with Type 51 7.62 mm pistol bullets and a Type 56 7.62 mm machine rifle loaded with Type 56 7.62 mm common bullets.
    
    


3. Test Result
After the first time that the assault vehicle rolled through the nail boards, nine nails were punctured into each tire, but no gas-leakage happened; after the second time that the assault vehicle rolled over the nail boards, nine nails were punctured into each tire and two nails were broken in the tires, but no gas-leakage happened; after the third time that the assault vehicle rolled over the nail boards, eight nails were punctured into each tire and four nails were broken in the tires, but no gas-leakage happened; after the fourth time that the assault vehicle rolled over the nail boards, six nails were punctured into each tire and two nails were broken in the tires, but no gas-leakage happened.
After several times of rolling nail boards, each tire was pierced into five screwdrivers and then the screwdrivers were pulled out, and the same action was repeated twice. No gas-leakage happened.
After the two tests mentioned above, the tires were kept immobile for 4 hours, then ran 200 km. No gas-leakage happened.
After being shot by a Type 54 7.62 mm pistol and a Type 56 7.62 mm machine rifle 5 times respectively available (10 bullets, all bullets went through the back side of the tires), the tires were installed on the vehicle and kept immobile for 3 hours, then ran 200 km. No gas-leakage happened.
4. Conclusion
The puncture-resistant and bulletproof capability tests showed that the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire of this invention possesses excellent puncture-resistant and bulletproof capability. After punctured by steel nails and screwdrivers or shot through by a Type 54 7.62 mm pistol and a Type 56 7.62 mm machine rifle respectively 5 times, the puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof tire of this method can still run for a distance more than 200 km.
Effect Example 3
Test Process
The tires of this invention were installed on the wheel hubs and filled fully with a standard pressure (3 kg/cm2). One hundred (100) steel nails with a length of 80 mm and diameter of Φ5 mm were pierced into the running-side of the tires. Then the tires were put into water to test leakproof capability. After an eye test, no gas-leakage happened around any nail. Then 70 nails were pulled out. Because the nail holes were filled with colloid composite, seal colloid, leakproof layer, viscous material was brought out while pulling out nails and the high-pressure gas in the tires, no gas-leakage happened to the tires. However, 30 nails still stayed in the running side of the tires. Then the tires were installed on a vehicle, ran on the thruway at a speed of 100 km/mpn, 120 km/mp and 150 km/mpn, respectively. The vehicle ran from Shanghai to Hangzhou, then ran back. No gas-leakage happened. The tires were uninstalled from the vehicle. Another 20 steel nails were pulled out and 10 steel nails still stayed in the tires. The tires were put into water to test leakproof capability and no gas-leakage happened. The tires with 10 steel nails stayed in them were brought into a deepfreeze room in a deep refrigerator for an extra low temperature test (the minimum temperature of the deepfreeze room is about −60° C.). The gas pressure indicator was set for observation. After 12 hours of the −45° C. deepfreeze test, no gas-leakage happened according to the gas pressure indicator. After this test, the tires were brought into an oven at a temperature of about 120° C. for 3 hours. No gas-leakage happened according to the gas pressure indicator. After that, the other 10 steel nails were pulled out, and the tires were put into water for a test, no air bubbles appeared and no gas-leakage happened. On the second day, the vehicle installed with these tires ran on the thruway from Shanghai to Beijing, Zhengzhou, Xian, Baoji, Wuhan and Guangzhou at a speed of about 80 km/mpn to about 180 km/mpn. After a long distance test with a total running distance more than hundred thousands kilometers, the gas pressures of the tires were tested and remained at about 3 kg/cm2.
CONCLUSION
The puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof safety tire of this invention possesses puncture-resistant bulletproof and leakproof capability between about −45° C. to about 120° C. After punctured, it can maintain long-distance high-speed operation and won't leak. It possesses excellent persistence and dynamic balance.

## Claims

1. The leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material for the preparation of a safety tire, comprising:
about 45% to about 50% by weight of an elastic material;
about 40% to about 45% by weight of a tackifier;
about 3% to about 5% by weight of a softener;
about 0.5% to about 1.5% by weight of an anti-aging agent;
about 0.5% to about 1% by weight of a vesicant;
about 1.5% to about 5% by weight of a bulking agent; and
about 0.2% to about 0.5% by weight of a cross-linking agent.

2. The leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material according to claim 1, wherein the elastic material is selected from the group consisting of SBS thermoplastic elastomer, SIS thermoplastic elastomer, SEBS thermoplastic elastomer, SEPS thermoplastic elastomer, high styrene rubber, native rubber, and polyisoprene rubber, and mixtures thereof.

3. The leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material according to claim 1, wherein the tackifier is selected from the group consisting of terpene resin, petroleum resin, hydrogenated rosin, glycerol ester of rosin, rosin milk, petroleum resin emulsion, glycerol ester of hydrogenated rosin, abietic acid pentaerythritol ester, terpene-phenolic resin, hydrogenated petroleum resin, coumarone indene resin, and rosin coumarone, and mixtures thereof.

4. The leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material according to claim 1, wherein the anti-aging agent is selected from the group consisting of tetra-[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyl-phenyl) propionic acid] pentaerythritol ester, β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyl-phenyl) propionic acid octadecyl ester, dimer, trimer and tetramer of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-di-hydroquinoline and N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamin, and mixtures thereof.

5. The leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material according to claim 1, wherein the softener is selected from the group consisting of naphthenic oil, aromatic oil, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and liquid polybutadiene, and mixtures thereof.

6. The leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material according to claim 1, wherein the bulking agent is selected from the group consisting of nanophase lime carbonate, quartz flour, black carbon, and aluminum hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.

7. The leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material according to claim 1, wherein the vesicant is 4,4′-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide).

8. The leakproof and hermetically-repairing macromolecular material according to claim 1, wherein the cross-linking agent is at least one of zinc oxide and a phenolic resin, and mixtures thereof.