[Cite as State v. Hughes, 2018-Ohio-5069.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 

ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

ASHTABULA COUNTY, OHIO 

STATE OF OHIO, : O P I N I O N 

 Plaintiff-Appellee, : 

 CASE NO. 2018-A-0035

 - vs - : 

ALBERT THOMAS HUGHES, JR., : 

 Defendant-Appellant. : 

Criminal Appeal from the Ashtabula County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2017 

CR 00252. 

Judgment: Affirmed. 

Nicholas A. Iarocci, Ashtabula County Prosecutor, and Shelley M. Pratt, Assistant 

Prosecutor, Ashtabula County Courthouse, 25 West Jefferson Street, Jefferson, OH 

44047 (For Plaintiff-Appellee). 

Phillip L. Heasley, Ashtabula County Public Defender, Inc., 4817 State Road, Suite 

202, Ashtabula, OH 44004 (For Defendant-Appellant). 

CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, J. 

{¶1} Appellant, Albert Hughes, appeals from a March 28, 2018, judgment of the 

Ashtabula County Court of Common Pleas denying his motion to suppress. At issue is 

whether law enforcement’s search of his motel room and seizure of evidence was lawful 

when they entered his room mistaking him for the subject of an arrest warrant and 

observed drug paraphernalia in plain view. We affirm the trial court’s decision denying 

the motion to suppress. 
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{¶2} On November 28, 2016, the Ashtabula County Sheriff’s Department 

received a tip on the whereabouts of Tyrone Brown, who was wanted by U.S. Marshals 

on a federal arrest warrant. The tip stated Mr. Brown was occupying a room at the 

Cedars Motel with another individual, Appellant Hughes; the two drove a maroon 

Chevrolet Impala; and there was heroin in a pill bottle in the motel room. Detective 

Cleveland confirmed that there was an active federal arrest warrant for Mr. Brown but 

did not obtain or present a copy of the warrant on the day in question. 

{¶3} Shortly thereafter, Det. Cleveland, detectives from the Trumbull Ashtabula 

Group (“TAG”) task force, and officers from the Ashtabula City Police Department went 

to the Cedars Motel. Det. Cleveland spoke with the owner, Orville Weatherholt, and 

showed Mr. Brown’s photograph. According to Det. Cleveland, Mr. Weatherholt stated 

Mr. Brown did frequent room 127, Albert Hughes also lived in that room, and the two 

drove a maroon Chevrolet sedan. According to Mr. Weatherholt, he told the detectives 

he knew Mr. Brown to frequent the motel but he did not reside there and declined to 

give them a key at that point. 

{¶4} The detectives set up surveillance on room 127 and approximately half an 

hour later a maroon Chevrolet sedan pulled up. The driver matching Tyrone Brown’s 

description got out of the car and went into room 127. Det. Cleveland returned to Mr. 

Weatherholt, said they intended to arrest Mr. Brown and that their plan was to knock on 

the door, but in case he would not answer, they asked for the room key. Mr. 

Weatherholt asked if they had a warrant and upon Det. Cleveland’s affirmative 

response, but with no warrant presented, Mr. Weatherholt turned over the key. Telling 

slightly different rendition of the conversation, Mr. Weatherholt testified the detective 
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said he saw two individuals in the room, one being Mr. Brown, that the room was 

actually 134, he then felt that when they asked he had to give them the key. 

{¶5} Det. Cleveland knocked on the door of room 127 and identified himself. 

Hearing no immediate response, he used the key to unlock and open the door. He saw 

a man whom he believed to be Mr. Brown and said, “Tyrone Brown, we have a warrant 

for your arrest.” The man immediately replied he was Albert Hughes. Det. Cleveland 

testified they compared Mr. Hughes to the photograph of Mr. Brown and they looked 

substantially similar. Mr. Hughes provided officers with his car keys so they could 

obtain his identification, which showed him to be Albert Hughes. However, Det. 

Cleveland testified it is not uncommon for a fugitive to have false identification and that 

he still questioned his identity until after his arrest when his fingerprints confirmed he 

was Albert Hughes. 

{¶6} The detectives observed a pill bottle, a scale, baggies, and other drug 

paraphernalia in plain view. Det. Cleveland asked and received Mr. Hughes verbal 

permission to search his car and the pill bottle. Nothing was found in the car, but the pill 

bottle contained a substance believed to be heroin. At this point, Det. Cleveland 

advised Mr. Hughes of his Miranda rights. He testified Mr. Hughes acknowledged and 

voluntarily waived these rights and gave the detectives permission to search the room. 

A safe was found. Mr. Hughes said the pill bottle and the safe contents were his, but 

the scale, packaging supplies, and other drug paraphernalia belonged to Mr. Brown. 

When Mr. Hughes was hesitant to give permission to search the safe, Det. Cleveland 

asked if it contained a gun. Mr. Hughes denied the existence of a gun but said it 

contained a “little bit of marijuana.” He then gave permission for the detectives to open 
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the safe with the key located on his car keychain. Marijuana and a substance believed 

to be cocaine were found in the safe. The detectives informed Mr. Hughes he would go 

to jail for the drugs they had found. Then, they asked if he would sign a written 

confirmation of the search consent he gave earlier. Mr. Hughes signed, and the 

consent entered into evidence shows his consent to search Cedar’s Motel room 127, 

vehicle, and safe. 

{¶7} Mr. Hughes was indicted on one count of possession of cocaine, a fifthdegree felony under R.C. 2925.11(A)(C)(4)(a); and one count of possession of 

marijuana, a minor misdemeanor under R.C. 2925.11(A)(C)(3)(a). He was arraigned 

on these charges and entered a plea of not guilty to each count. Mr. Hughes, through 

counsel, filed a motion to suppress the evidence, asserting the arresting officers lacked 

probable cause in which to make a warrantless and nonconsensual entry into the motel 

room in which Mr. Hughes was arrested and the evidence was seized. The Ashtabula 

County Court of Common Pleas held a hearing on the suppression motion and 

overruled it. According to a plea agreement, Mr. Hughes ultimately pled no contest to 

the possession of cocaine charge and the possession of marijuana charge was 

dismissed. He was sentenced to two years’ community control, with credit for two days 

jail time; $150.00 per year supervision fees; and court costs. 

{¶8} Mr. Hughes, through counsel, now appeals the overruling of his 

suppression motion. He asserts one assignment of error for our review: 

{¶9} The trial court erred in overruling defendant’s suppression motion. 

{¶10} “‘Appellate review of a motion to suppress presents a mixed question of 

law and fact.” State v. Burnside, 100 Ohio St.3d 152, 2003–Ohio–5372, ¶8. At a 
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hearing on a motion to suppress, the trial court, as the trier of fact, is in the best position 

to weigh the evidence by resolving factual questions and evaluating the credibility of 

witnesses. Id.; State v. Mills, 62 Ohio St.3d 357, 366 (1992). A reviewing appellate 

court must accept the facts determined by the trial court as true and “independently 

determine, without deference to the conclusion of the trial court, whether the facts 

satisfy the applicable legal standard.” Burnside, supra, citing State v. McNamara, 124 

Ohio App.3d 706, (1997). Therefore, we review the Ashtabula County Court of 

Common Pleas’ decision for clear error as to factual findings and de novo as to 

conclusions of law. See United States v. Mohammed, 512 Fed.Appx. 583, 586–87 (6th 

Cir.2013), citing United States v. Richardson, 385 F.3d 625, 629 (6th Cir.2004). 

{¶11} Mr. Hughes asserts Steagald v. United States, 451 U.S. 204 (1981) and 

State v. Wilson, 2 Ohio App.3d 151 (6th Dist.1981) as authority supporting his 

proposition that the arrest warrant was insufficient grounds to enter the motel room. In 

both Steagald and Wilson, however, the officers knew they were entering the residence 

of a third-party; here, law enforcement believed Mr. Brown resided at the motel room 

they entered and believed Mr. Brown was in the hotel room when they entered. 

{¶12} The heart of Mr. Hughes’ argument is his Fourth amendment rights were 

violated when law enforcement entered his motel room without a search warrant. “The 

Fourth Amendment generally prohibits police from making a warrantless, 

nonconsensual entry into a suspect’s home to make a felony arrest.” State v. Cooks, 2d 

Dist. Clark No. 2016-CA-40, 2017-Ohio-218, ¶10, citing Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 

573, 588-589 (1980). These protections also apply to hotel and motel rooms. Hoffa v. 
 6

United States, 385 U.S. 293, 301 (1966), citing United States v. Jeffers, 342 U.S. 48 

(1951). 

{¶13} However, a distinction is drawn between law enforcement entrance into 

the subject of the arrest warrant’s residence versus entrance into a third-party’s 

residence in which the subject of the arrest warrant is suspected to be but the subject 

does not reside. In Payton, the Supreme Court held “an arrest warrant founded on 

probable cause implicitly carries with it the limited authority to enter a dwelling in which 

the suspect lives when there is reason to believe the suspect is within.” Id. at 603. 

(Emphasis added.) 

{¶14} Subsequently, the Supreme Court held, absent consent or exigent 

circumstances, an arrest warrant is insufficient to justify entrance into a third-party’s 

residence to search for the subject of an arrest warrant. Steagald, supra, at 212. The 

Supreme Court of Ohio has also addressed this issue, stating, “a search warrant must 

be obtained in order to seek out the subject of an arrest warrant on the property of a 

third party.” State v. Pembaur, 9 Ohio St.3d 136, 138 (1984), citing Steagald, supra. 

{¶15} However, where law enforcement has reason to believe the subject of the 

arrest warrant lives in the residence and is in fact there at the time the warrant is 

executed, the arrest warrant is sufficient authorization to enter. State v. Weaver, 11th 

Dist. Ashtabula No. 2017-A-0038, 2018-Ohio-2675, ¶13, citing Cooks, supra, at ¶10; 

see also United States v. Hardin, 539 F.3d 404, 410 (6th Cir.2008), quoting United 

States v. Jones, 641 F.2d 425, 428 (6th Cir.1981); State v. Chavez, 2d Dist. 

Montgomery No. 27840, 2018-Ohio-4351 (search warrant was only needed if “officers 

had a reasonable belief that Cardenas was merely a guest of the room’s tenants.”); 
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State v. Mansaray, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 93562, 2010-Ohio-5119; United States v. 

Junkman, N.D. Iowa No. CR96-4033, 1997 WL 33559171, *4 (June 24, 1997); United 

States v. Ray, 21 F.3d 1118 (9th Cir.1994). Reasonable belief must be “’founded in 

common sense and based on the totality of the circumstances, that the 

suspect resides in the home and that he is present at the time.’” Cooks, supra, at ¶11. 

{¶16} The trial court’s judgment indicates it determined Mr. Brown to in fact be a 

resident of the motel room. Reviewing the trial court’s finding of this fact for clear error, 

we find none. The evidence clearly supports a finding the detectives had a reasonable 

belief that Mr. Brown resided at Cedar Motel room 127. First, the tip said Mr. Brown 

occupied a room at Cedar Motel. This was supported by Mr. Weatherholt who told 

detectives Mr. Brown frequented that room. Moreover, both the tip and Mr. Weatherholt 

stated Mr. Brown and Mr. Hughes shared a maroon Chevrolet sedan, which law 

enforcement observed outside room 127. Even once officers entered the room, Mr. 

Hughes said Mr. Brown was staying with him. Thus, the trial court validly found law 

enforcement had a reasonable belief Mr. Brown resided at the motel room they 

searched. 

{¶17} In addition, law enforcement must also reasonably believe the subject of 

the arrest warrant is present at the residence when the warrant is executed. Weaver, 

supra, at ¶13. The trial court’s judgment shows that it determined law enforcement’s 

belief that Mr. Hughes was actually Mr. Brown was reasonable. We find no error in this 

determination. Det. Cleveland testified Mr. Hughes matched the description of Mr. 

Brown they had at the time. They compared Mr. Hughes to Mr. Brown’s photograph 

and determined they looked substantially similar. Moreover, Det. Cleveland testified 
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frequently fugitives will carry false identification, so even once Mr. Hughes produced 

identification, he didn’t assume it was accurate. Thus, the trial court validly found “[t]he 

law enforcement authorities had sufficient reason to believe that Tyrone Brown was 

present in the motel room at the Cedar’s Motel, and on the basis of the federal arrest 

warrant, were authorized to enter that room to effectuate his arrest.” 

{¶18} Because it was reasonable for law enforcement to believe that Mr. Brown 

resided in Cedar Motel room 127 and believed Mr. Brown was present in the room, they 

were lawfully inside the motel room. Once there, they observed drug paraphernalia in 

plain view and obtained Mr. Hughes’ consent to search the room. 

{¶19} Mr. Hughes argues that his consent to search was not valid, but he 

“merely acquiesced to a show of authority on the part of law enforcement” because of 

the “overwhelming presence of multiple law enforcement personnel in the motel room, 

which overcame any consent to search on appellant’s part, and transformed it into mere 

acquiescence to authority.” 

{¶20} “‘[T]he Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments require that a consent not be 

coerced, by explicit or implicit means, by implied threat or covert force. For, no matter 

how subtly the coercion was applied, the resulting ‘consent’ would be no more than a 

pretext for the unjustified police intrusion against which the Fourth Amendment is 

directed.’” State v. Ingram, 82 Ohio App.3d 341, 346 (2nd Dist.1992), quoting 

Sckneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218, 228 (1973). See also State v. Smotherman, 

6th Dist. Wood No. 93WD082, 1994 WL 395128, *1 (July 29, 1994). 

{¶21} However, nothing in the record shows law enforcement coerced Mr. 

Hughes’ consent. First, no testimony to the effect of coercion or acquiescence was 
 9

presented. Furthermore, Det. Cleveland testified that Mr. Hughes had the right to 

refuse consent: 

{¶22} Richard Danolfo: * * * [W]ould he [Mr. Hughes] have had 

the right if he wanted to search the room to say no? Or to not 

speak with you at that that point in time? 

{¶23} Det. Cleveland: Absolutely. 

{¶24} Richard Danolfo: Okay. Even being in handcuffs? 

{¶25} Det. Cleveland: People tell me they don’t want to speak 

with me and they don’t want me to search their homes or houses all 

the time. 

{¶26} Finally, the consent form that Mr. Hughes’ signed specifically states: “I 

understand that I have the right to refuse to consent to the search described above and 

to refuse to sign this form. I further state that no promises, threats, force, or physical or 

mental coercion of any kind whatsoever have been used against me to get me to 

consent to the search described above or to sign this form.” Therefore, we find the 

totality of the circumstances shows Mr. Hughes’ consent was not coerced but validly 

obtained. 

{¶27} Mr. Hughes also argues that no exigent circumstances of any kind exist in 

this case. Either exigent circumstances or consent is required for searches of a 

residence without a search warrant. See Steagald, supra, at 212. As we find valid 

consent was obtained, this argument is moot. 

{¶28} Mr. Hughes’ assignment of error is without merit. Accordingly, we affirm 

the judgment of the Ashtabula County Court of Common Pleas. 

THOMAS R. WRIGHT, P.J., concurs in judgment only, 

COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J., dissents.