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[Congressional Bills 111th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 3077 Introduced in House (IH)]

111th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 3077

   To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2010 through 2014 to 
 provide assistance to foreign countries to promote food security and 
agricultural development, to develop rural infrastructure and stimulate 
 rural economies, and to improve emergency response to food crises, to 
   amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             June 26, 2009

  Ms. McCollum (for herself, Mr. Payne, Mrs. Emerson, Mr. Jackson of 
Illinois, Mr. Grijalva, Ms. Lee of California, Mr. McGovern, Mr. Honda, 
 and Ms. Schakowsky) introduced the following bill; which was referred 
                  to the Committee on Foreign Affairs

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
   To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2010 through 2014 to 
 provide assistance to foreign countries to promote food security and 
agricultural development, to develop rural infrastructure and stimulate 
 rural economies, and to improve emergency response to food crises, to 
   amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Global Food 
Security Act of 2009''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings.
Sec. 3. Definitions.
         TITLE I--POLICY OBJECTIVES, PLANNING AND COORDINATION

Sec. 101. Policy objectives.
Sec. 102. International investments in developing country agricultural 
                            land.
Sec. 103. Comprehensive food security strategy.
Sec. 104. Reports.
                      TITLE II--BILATERAL PROGRAMS

Sec. 201. Agriculture, rural development, and nutrition.
Sec. 202. Agricultural research.
           TITLE III--UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIPS FOR AGRICULTURE

Sec. 301. Amendment to Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.
              TITLE IV--EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO FOOD CRISES

Sec. 401. Emergency rapid response to food crises account.
Sec. 402. Authorization of appropriations.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Nearly 1,000,000,000 people worldwide suffer from food 
        insecurity, defined as a lack of access to sufficient food to 
        meet dietary needs for an active and healthy life.
            (2) The number of food insecure increased from 849,000,000 
        in 2006 to 982,000,000 in 2007, according to the Department of 
        Agriculture.
            (3) The United Nations World Food Program reports that 
        25,000 people die each day from malnutrition-related causes.
            (4) The food security situation of lower income countries 
        is projected to continue to deteriorate over the next decade.
            (5) Nearly one-half of the world's food insecure live in 
        sub-Saharan Africa.
            (6) The agricultural sector comprises large portions of the 
        total labor force in many developing countries, as high as 70 
        to 80 percent in sub-Saharan Africa, where it also contributes 
        about 35 percent of the total gross national product (GNP).
            (7) Agriculture has the potential to be an efficient engine 
        for promoting economic growth and increasing the incomes of the 
        poor in developing countries.
            (8) A diverse, secure, affordable, and universally 
        available food supply has health benefits, including increasing 
        child survival, improving cognitive and physical development of 
        children, especially those under two years of age, and 
        strengthening the immune system to bolster resistance to 
        disease.
            (9) Under-nutrition is responsible for 35 percent of child 
        deaths and 11 percent of the total global disease burden is 
        attributable to maternal and child under-nutrition according to 
        a review of literature published in The Lancet.
            (10) Rapid increases in global food costs since 2007 and 
        the subsequent global financial crisis threaten to 
        significantly undermine gains achieved in poverty reduction and 
        health programs.
            (11) The poor in developing countries spend as much as 50 
        to 70 percent of their incomes on food.
            (12) Three out of five of those suffering from hunger are 
        rural small-scale agriculturalists. One out of five is a rural 
        landless laborer, and another one-fifth are urban poor, 
        according to the United Nations Secretary General's High Level 
        Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis.
            (13) Women, who are often heads of households, comprise a 
        large proportion of small holders and face unique challenges 
        and heightened vulnerability to food insecurity. Women produce 
        80 percent of food in sub-Saharan Africa, but have access to 
        less than 5 percent of land, credit, and extension services.
            (14) Many food insecure countries also suffer from natural 
        resource degradation and the resulting decrease in food and 
        other ecosystem services these resources provide. Many of these 
        countries are also among the most vulnerable to the effects of 
        climate change.
            (15) A comprehensive approach to long-term food security 
        should encompass improvements in nutrition, education, 
        agricultural infrastructure and productivity, finance and 
        markets, safety net programs, job creation, household incomes, 
        research and technology, ecosystem services, and the 
        sustainable management of land and natural resources.
            (16) The comprehensive, long-term global food security 
        strategy of the United States should be integrated into a new 
        national strategy for global development.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development.
            (2) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives.
            (3) Chronic food insecurity.--The term ``chronic food 
        insecurity'' means ongoing and persistent lack of access to 
        sufficient food to meet dietary needs for an active and healthy 
        life.
            (4) Agricultural development.--The term ``agricultural 
        development'' means methods to use agriculture as a basis for 
        food security, family livelihood, and economic growth by 
        increasing the productivity of those involved in the production 
        of food, fuel, and fiber, including farmers, fishers, 
        foresters, and pastoralists, particularly those that operate on 
        a small scale, and linking them and their products to consumers 
        through markets, including post harvest activities such as 
        storage, processing, transport, and improving market 
        efficiency.
            (5) Rural infrastructure.--The term ``rural 
        infrastructure''--
                    (A) means public and private facilities and 
                services necessary for agricultural production and 
                other activities in non-urban (rural) areas; and
                    (B) includes roads or other means of 
                transportation, water supplies including irrigation, 
                rural electrification, communication technology, 
                financial services, storage, warehousing, and 
                processing facilities needed for increasing 
                agricultural production and linking producers to 
                markets, including policies and regulations of such 
                sectors in addition to physical infrastructure.

         TITLE I--POLICY OBJECTIVES, PLANNING AND COORDINATION

SEC. 101. POLICY OBJECTIVES.

    (a) Finding.--Congress finds that food insecurity is expanding 
rapidly in developing countries, forcing tens of millions of people 
into poverty, contributing to political and social instability, eroding 
economic growth, and undermining United States foreign assistance 
investments in areas including basic education, global health, 
environmental protection, and democratic institutions.
    (b) Policy Objectives.--Congress declares the following to be the 
policy objectives of the United States with respect to food security:
            (1) The United States will respond with renewed urgency and 
        increased commitment to the problem of chronic food insecurity 
        through a comprehensive approach that targets the underlying 
        causes of hunger and poverty.
            (2) This approach will link emergency food assistance with 
        sustained investments in nutritional support and productive 
        safety nets, agricultural development activities, and rural 
        infrastructure for the purposes of promoting global food 
        security, eradicating hunger and malnutrition, alleviating 
        poverty, improving agricultural productivity and rural 
        development, and expanding economic opportunity for poor and 
        vulnerable populations.
            (3) To achieve these goals, the United States will focus on 
        strengthening agricultural systems and markets in developing 
        countries in partnership with government agencies, including 
        local and regional governments, civil society, farmer 
        organizations, cooperatives, institutions of higher learning, 
        private entities, multilateral institutions, and 
        nongovernmental organizations.
            (4) These efforts will enhance human capacity, nutrition, 
        entrepreneurial skills and job creation, improve agricultural 
        research and technology, and facilitate the dissemination of 
        economically and environmentally sustainable techniques to all 
        parts of the agriculture sector.
    (c) Coordination.--Congress finds that, for the purpose of 
enhancing program sustainability and effectiveness, a comprehensive 
strategy to fight global hunger and promote global food security 
through agricultural development should be integrated into a new 
national strategy for global development which establishes broad 
priorities and guidelines for development programs, and articulates how 
development policy is integrated into an overall national security 
strategy and will be coordinated with other United States Government 
policies governing trade, climate change, human rights, food safety, 
and related areas.

SEC. 102. INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN DEVELOPING 
              COUNTRIES.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) A growing trend in large-scale acquisitions and lease 
        agreements of farmland in Africa, Latin America, and Central 
        and Southeast Asia has been documented by the International 
        Fund for Agricultural Development, the United Nations Food and 
        Agriculture Organization, and the International Institute for 
        Environment and Development. These organizations found that 
        nearly 2.5 million hectares of land have been allocated in just 
        five sub-Saharan African countries since 2004.
            (2) The International Food Policy Research Institute 
        (IFPRI) estimates between 15 and 20 million hectares of 
        farmland in developing countries, valued between $20 billion to 
        $30 billion, have been subject to international transactions or 
        negotiations since 2006.
            (3) Evidence suggests these large land acquisitions and 
        leases are led primarily by private investors seeking to 
        capitalize on increased agricultural commodity prices and 
        demand for biofuels and also by governments seeking to bolster 
        their domestic food security.
            (4) While the investment that accompanies these land 
        acquisitions and leases may contribute to short-term economic 
        development, the ventures may threaten the food security of 
        developing nations and deepen local poverty unless adequate 
        legal and procedural mechanisms are in place and functioning to 
        protect local rights and the welfare of rural poor people who 
        depend on agriculture for their livelihood.
            (5) These land acquisitions may also threaten political 
        stability if they involve land for which tenure and use rights 
        are complex or in dispute or if they result in loss of access 
        or use by poor people without free, prior, and informed 
        consent.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that it should 
be the policy of the United States Government to--
            (1) uphold and promote the principle of free, prior, and 
        informed consent in relation to the land access and use rights 
        of poor people in developing countries;
            (2) monitor and document the trend of large scale land 
        acquisitions and lease agreements in developing countries, 
        including by working with other governments and international 
        organizations;
            (3) promote global standards of transparency for large 
        international land deals and identify the drivers of the new 
        trend, such as the imposition of export restrictions during 
        periods of global food insecurity;
            (4) expand and prioritize United States assistance programs 
        that strengthen land management in developing countries and 
        provide support for organizations that empower the rural poor 
        to maximize the potential benefits from land investments and 
        minimize potential negative effects;
            (5) actively support the current effort led by the United 
        Nations Food and Agriculture Organization to develop and 
        promote Voluntary Guidelines on Good Governance in Land and 
        Resource Management; and
            (6) actively support the testing and application of the 
        World Bank's Land Governance Assessment Framework as a tool to 
        enable governments to identify areas of land governance that 
        require strengthening.

SEC. 103. COMPREHENSIVE FOOD SECURITY STRATEGY.

    (a) Special Coordinator.--The President shall designate an 
individual to serve in the Executive Office of the President as the 
Special Coordinator for Food Security. The coordinator shall assist the 
President by--
            (1) advising the President on international food security 
        issues;
            (2) taking such actions as are necessary to ensure the 
        coordination of the global food security efforts and programs 
        of the United States, including the activities of Federal 
        departments and agencies;
            (3) facilitating the development and implementation of the 
        strategy described in subsection (b); and
            (4) establishing a mechanism for regular consultations with 
        representatives of relevant Federal departments and agencies, 
        multilateral institutions, private voluntary organizations, 
        cooperatives, the private sector, and other nongovernmental 
        organizations to develop the strategy described in subsection 
        (b) and to consult on methodologies, conditions in targeted 
        countries, progress toward goals, and other relevant 
        information about needs and interventions.
    (b) Content of Strategy.--The strategy referred to in subsection 
(a) (3) and (4) is a comprehensive food security strategy that shall--
            (1) recognize chronic hunger as a symptom of under-
        development;
            (2) target the underlying causes of food insecurity with 
        approaches that link emergency assistance with productive 
        safety nets, increased agricultural productivity, market 
        development, food-based approaches to nutrition, and rural 
        infrastructure development;
            (3) utilize data to target and customize packages of 
        interventions within regions and countries to best meet 
        recipient needs and most effectively utilize resources;
            (4) focus, concentrate, and sustain resources to ensure the 
        scale and duration of effort necessary to produce long-term 
        change in the most food insecure countries, regions, and 
        populations;
            (5) utilize investments in agricultural development to 
        improve family livelihood and stimulate broad-based economic 
        growth whenever appropriate;
            (6) prioritize and support the central role of women in 
        agricultural production and related activities in the countries 
        of operation;
            (7) include assessment and monitoring of the effects of 
        global climate change in the countries of operation as well as 
        activities focused on adapting to observed and anticipated 
        effects;
            (8) prioritize the enhancement of natural resources and 
        ecosystem goods and services, and the reduction of negative 
        environmental impacts from agricultural activities through 
        sustainable natural resource management practices including by 
        building local capacity and transferring skills and knowledge;
            (9) utilize low-technology, appropriate technology, and 
        advanced technology solutions as necessary to promote program 
        sustainability and cost-effectiveness;
            (10) incorporate land tenure, resource rights, and legal 
        reform programs, especially those targeted at securing equal 
        protections for women;
            (11) include specific and measurable goals, benchmarks, and 
        time frames, and a plan of action to achieve the objectives 
        described in section 101;
            (12) to the greatest extent possible--
                    (A) build upon recipient country and regional 
                strategies for addressing sustainable agricultural 
                development, such as the Comprehensive Africa 
                Agriculture Development Program;
                    (B) leverage the resources of private sector 
                providers of agriculture inputs, processors, and 
                marketers, including through the Global Development 
                Alliances of the United States Agency for International 
                Development and other measures;
                    (C) utilize the skills and knowledge of the 
                academic and research community, private voluntary 
                organizations and cooperatives, and other program 
                implementers;
                    (D) coordinate, harmonize, and align United States 
                food security efforts with similar efforts of 
                international organizations, international financial 
                institutions, the governments of developing and 
                developed countries, and United States and 
                international nongovernmental organizations;
                    (E) incorporate approaches directed at reaching 
                people living in extreme poverty, considering the full 
                range of food security needs, including availability, 
                access, consumption and utilization of food; and
                    (F) ensure programs and approaches address the 
                special needs of women farmers, women living in 
                poverty, and the needs of all poor people who are 
                agriculturalists, pastoralists, or otherwise engaged in 
                agriculture-related enterprises;
            (13) include and provide appropriate linkages with United 
        States international health programs, such as the Maternal and 
        Child Health programs and the President's Emergency Plan for 
        HIV/AIDS Relief;
            (14) include and provide appropriate linkages with existing 
        United States international water, energy, and biodiversity 
        programs, as well as any future international forest and global 
        climate change programs;
            (15) reflect a whole-of-government approach that 
        incorporates and encompasses the programs of relevant Federal 
        departments and agencies that engage in some aspect of food 
        security, including the Department of State, the United States 
        Agency for International Development, the Department of 
        Agriculture, the Peace Corps, the Department of Defense, the 
        Millennium Challenge Corporation, the Department of the 
        Treasury, the Office of the United States Trade Representative, 
        and the Department of Health and Human Services; and
            (16) provide annual monitoring and evaluation of the 
        program that includes the use of gender analysis to assess 
        progress against the specific goals, benchmarks, and time 
        frames identified in paragraph (11) and spanning the key 
        components of the strategy of emergency nutritional assistance, 
        agricultural development, and associated infrastructure, and 
        productive safety nets.
    (c) Implementation.--The United States Agency for International 
Development shall be the lead agency in implementing the strategy 
described in subsection (b). The Administrator shall ensure that the 
Agency's bureaus, offices, overseas missions, and programs relating to 
food security or supporting food security objectives are coordinated in 
a manner that promotes achievement of the policy objectives described 
in section 101 and to leverage and improve program effectiveness.

SEC. 104. REPORTS.

    (a) Annual Reports.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, and not later than December 31 of 
        each year thereafter through 2014, the President shall submit 
        to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the 
        implementation of the strategy described in section 103(b) and 
        how it fulfills the policy objectives described in section 101.
            (2) Content.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    (A) a copy of the strategy and an indication of any 
                changes made in the strategy during the preceding 
                calendar year;
                    (B) an assessment of progress made during the 
                preceding calendar year toward meeting the objectives 
                described in section 101 and the specific goals, 
                benchmarks, and time frames specified in the strategy 
                described in section 103(b);
                    (C) a description of United States Government 
                bilateral programs, and investments in multilateral 
                institutions, contributing to the achievement of the 
                objectives described in section 101, including the 
                amounts expended on such programs during the preceding 
                fiscal year;
                    (D) an assessment of United States efforts to 
                encourage and leverage business and philanthropic 
                participation in United States food security programs 
                and to coordinate, harmonize, and align such programs 
                with similar efforts of international organizations, 
                international financial institutions, the governments 
                of developing and developed countries, and United 
                States and international nongovernmental organizations; 
                and
                    (E) an assessment of progress made toward 
                coordinating and integrating global food security 
                activities with other United States bilateral and 
                multilateral development efforts in the areas of 
                operation.
            (3) Government accountability office report.--Not later 
        than 270 days after the submission of each report under 
        paragraph (1), the Comptroller General of the United States 
        shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
        report that contains--
                    (A) a review of, and comments addressing, the 
                report submitted under paragraph (1); and
                    (B) recommendations relating to any additional 
                actions the Comptroller General determines to be 
                necessary to improve a global food security strategy 
                and its implementation, including potential structural 
                or programmatic modifications within and among Federal 
                departments and agencies involved in the implementation 
                of the strategy for the purpose of enhancing 
                coordination and effectiveness, and measures to improve 
                coordination, harmonization, and alignment with other 
                governments, international organizations, international 
                financial institutions, and non-governmental 
                organizations.
    (b) Program Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 4 years after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees a report containing--
                    (A) an assessment of progress made during the 
                preceding four years toward meeting the objectives 
                described in section 101 and the specific goals, 
                benchmarks, and time frames specified in the strategy 
                described in section 103(b); and
                    (B) an evaluation of the impact during the 
                preceding four years of United States food security 
                programs on food security, health, and economic growth 
                in countries suffering from chronic food insecurity.
            (2) Basis for report.--The report required under paragraph 
        (1) shall be based on assessments and impact evaluations 
        utilizing sound quantitative and qualitative methodologies and 
        techniques used in the behavioral sciences.

                      TITLE II--BILATERAL PROGRAMS

SEC. 201. AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, AND NUTRITION.

    Section 103 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151a) 
is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 103. AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, AND NUTRITION.

    ``(a) Finding; Declaration of Policy.--
            ``(1) Finding.--Congress finds the efforts of developing 
        countries to enhance their national food security deserves 
        encouragement as a matter of United States development 
        assistance and foreign policy, with particular concern for the 
        needs of women, the poor, and the special needs of 
        nutritionally vulnerable populations.
            ``(2) Declaration of policy.--Therefore, Congress declares 
        that United States food security efforts shall be incorporated 
        into United States diplomatic and foreign assistance efforts 
        with developing countries, including under this Act, the Food 
        for Peace Act, the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003, and as a 
        part of United States participation in multilateral 
        institutions in order to expand and to improve food production, 
        rural development, and complementary assistance for the purpose 
        of ensuring access to sufficient food and nutrition for all 
        people for a healthy and productive life.
    ``(b) Assistance Authorized.--The President is authorized to 
provide assistance, on such terms and conditions as the President may 
determine, for agriculture, rural development, and nutrition, 
including--
            ``(1) to alleviate chronic starvation, hunger, and 
        malnutrition;
            ``(2) to improve rural infrastructure (as defined in 
        section 3 of the Global Food Security Act of 2009), to conserve 
        natural resources and to expand significantly the provision of 
        basic services to rural poor people to enhance their capacity 
        for self-help;
            ``(3) to help create productive farm and off-farm 
        employment in rural areas to provide a more viable economic 
        base, to increase agriculture and food production, and to 
        enhance opportunities for improved incomes, living standards, 
        and contributions by rural poor people to the economic and 
        social development of their countries;
            ``(4) to expand the economic participation of women, people 
        living in extreme poverty, and those who lack access to 
        agriculturally productive land, including through productive 
        safety net programs and health and nutrition programs, and to 
        integrate those living in extreme poverty into the economy;
            ``(5) to support natural resource management, conservation 
        farming and other sustainable agricultural techniques to 
        respond to changing climatic conditions and ensure adequate 
        water supply and quality; and
            ``(6) to improve nutrition of vulnerable populations such 
        as children under the age of two years old, and pregnant and 
        lactating women, including through food-based approaches such 
        as biofortification of staple crops through breeding and 
        biotechnology, diet diversification, home gardening, and 
        nutritional education linked to agricultural extension.
    ``(c) Private Voluntary Organizations and Cooperatives.--In 
providing assistance under this section for the purposes described in 
subsection (b), the President shall enter into partnerships with and 
provide grants, cooperative agreements, and other assistance to private 
voluntary organizations and cooperatives to mobilize and assist poor 
populations.
    ``(d) Priority and Other Requirements.--In providing assistance 
under this section, the President shall meet the following priority and 
other requirements:
            ``(1) Assistance under this section shall be used primarily 
        for activities that are specifically designed to meet the 
        purposes described in subsection (b) (2) and (3), including 
        such activities as--
                    ``(A) expansion and improvement of agricultural and 
                food enterprises, cooperatives and associations that 
                can increase the productivity and incomes of the poor 
                in part through the transfer of skills and knowledge;
                    ``(B) linking farmers, entrepreneurs, enterprises 
                and institutions in poor areas with regional and 
                national businesses, institutions and systems;
                    ``(C) providing access to markets, inputs, 
                financing, extension services, and appropriate 
                technologies for the rural poor;
                    ``(D) expansion of rural infrastructure (as defined 
                in section 3 of the Global Food Security Act of 2009) 
                and utilities such as farm-to-market roads, water 
                management systems, land improvement, storage 
                facilities, and energy, specifically renewable energy 
                whenever practicable;
                    ``(E) establishment of more equitable and more 
                secure land tenure and resource rights arrangements; 
                and
                    ``(F) creation and strengthening of systems to 
                provide other services and supplies needed by farmers, 
                such as extension, research, training, financing, 
                fertilizer, water, forestry, soil conservation, and 
                improved seed, in ways which assure gender equitable 
                access to such services and supplies by small farmers.
            ``(2) In circumstances in which development of major 
        infrastructure is necessary to achieve the purposes of 
        subsection (b), assistance for those purposes may only be 
        provided under this section in association with significant 
        contributions from other countries working together in a 
        multilateral framework. Infrastructure projects so assisted 
        should be environmentally sensitive and complemented by other 
        measures to ensure that the benefits of the infrastructure 
        projects reach the poor.
            ``(3)(A) Congress recognizes that the accelerating loss and 
        degradation of natural ecosystems, including forests, in 
        developing countries undermines and offsets efforts to improve 
        agricultural production and nutrition and otherwise to meet the 
        basic human needs of the poor. Degradation and destruction of 
        natural ecosystems results in the loss of valuable ecosystem 
        goods and services including, crop pollination, pest and 
        disease control, productive soil, nutrient cycling, carbon 
        sequestration, clean and abundant water, highly nutritious fish 
        and animals, and commercially valuable products such as 
        pharmaceuticals and wood.
            ``(B) Where appropriate to meet the purposes of subsection 
        (b), assistance shall be provided under this section to 
        maintain, enhance and value ecosystem goods and services in 
        developing countries. Such assistance shall include the 
        protection of watersheds and soil, sustainable agricultural, 
        forest, fisheries, and agro-forest management, and the 
        provision of alternative household fuels that reduce demand for 
        and emissions from the combustion of local forest resources.
    ``(e) Allocation of Funds.--
            ``(1) Findings.--Congress finds that--
                    ``(A) the greatest potential for significantly 
                expanding availability of food for people in rural 
                areas and augmenting world food production at 
                relatively low cost lies in increasing the productivity 
                of small farmers who constitute a majority of the 
                agricultural producers in developing countries; and
                    ``(B) increasing the emphasis on rural development 
                and expanded food production in the poorest nations of 
                the developing world is a matter of social justice and 
                a principal element contributing to broadly based 
                economic growth, as well as an important factor in 
                alleviating inflation in the industrialized countries.
            ``(2) Allocation of funds.--In allocating funds for the 
        provision of assistance under this section, special attention 
        shall be given to increasing agricultural production in 
        countries that have been designated as `least developed' by the 
        United Nations General Assembly.
    ``(f) Coordination With Population and Health Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The President is encouraged to 
        coordinate assistance provided under this section with programs 
        carried out under section 104 of this Act to help improve 
        nutrition of the people of developing countries through--
                    ``(A) encouragement of increased production of 
                crops with greater nutritional value;
                    ``(B) improvement of planning, research, and 
                education with respect to nutrition, particularly with 
                reference to improvement and expanded use of indigenous 
                foodstuffs; and
                    ``(C) the undertaking of pilot or demonstration 
                programs explicitly addressing the problem of 
                malnutrition of poor and vulnerable people.
            ``(2) Other support.--In particular, the President is 
        further encouraged--
                    ``(A) to devise and carry out in partnership with 
                developing countries a strategy for programs of 
                nutrition and health improvement for mothers and 
                children, including breastfeeding and all other optimal 
                infant and young child feeding; and
                    ``(B) to provide technical, financial, and material 
                support to individuals or groups at the local level for 
                such programs.
    ``(g) Local Currency Proceeds.--Local currency proceeds from sales 
of commodities provided under the Food for Peace Act that are owned by 
foreign governments shall be used whenever practicable to carry out the 
provisions of this section.
    ``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            ``(1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
        to the President to carry out this section $1,000,000,000 for 
        fiscal year 2010, $1,250,000,000 for fiscal year 2011, 
        $1,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2012, $2,000,000,000 for fiscal 
        year 2013, and $2,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2014.
            ``(2) Relation to other funds.--Amounts authorized to be 
        appropriated under paragraph (1) are in addition to funds 
        otherwise available for such purposes.''.

SEC. 202. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH.

    Section 103A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2151a-1) is amended in the first sentence--
            (1) by striking ``, and (3) make'' and inserting ``, (3) 
        make'';
            (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``, and 
        (4) include research on technological advances appropriate to 
        local ecological condition.''; and
            (3) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``, and 
        (5) include research to address the effects of climate change 
        on agriculture and the measures necessary to adapt to observed 
        or anticipated effects and to identify methods to valuate and 
        enhance carbon sequestration through conservation agriculture 
        and other techniques.''.

           TITLE III--UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIPS FOR AGRICULTURE

SEC. 301. AMENDMENT TO FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961.

    Title XII of chapter 2 of part I the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
(22 U.S.C. 2220a et seq.) is amended to read as follows:

          ``TITLE XII--UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIPS FOR AGRICULTURE

``SEC. 296. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

    ``(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            ``(1) Agriculture has been a driver of economic growth as 
        the foundation of industry and commerce in developed countries.
            ``(2) Institutions of higher education, including 
        vocational education, can promote a robust agriculture sector 
        through the dissemination of knowledge, the building of human 
        capital, research and technology, and extension.
            ``(3) According to a World Bank study, higher education 
        contributes to national productivity, raises living standards, 
        and improves the ability of a country to compete globally.
            ``(4) Enrollment rates in higher education are 5 percent in 
        Africa, 10 percent in South Asia, 19 percent in East Asia, and 
        23 percent in North Africa and the Middle East.
            ``(5) Universities in the United States have a history of 
        serving as engines of development.
            ``(6) Many universities in the United States have 
        experience in partnering with foreign universities on faculty 
        and student exchanges, curriculum development, joint research 
        projects, and extension.
            ``(7) Land-grant universities and other universities in the 
        United States have demonstrated their ability to cooperate with 
        international agencies, educational and research institutions 
        in other countries, the private sector, and nongovernmental 
        organizations worldwide in expanding global agricultural 
        production, processing, business and trade, and promoting 
        better management of agricultural and natural resources, 
        including adaptation to the effects of climate change, to the 
        benefit of aid recipient countries and the United States.
            ``(8) Population growth will exert pressures on food 
        supplies and prices and require investments in increased 
        agricultural productivity, processing, marketing, trade, 
        research, extension, and technology in order to provide food 
        security, ensure health and nutrition, and build the basis for 
        economic growth.
            ``(9) United States foreign assistance support for higher 
        education has declined from the 1990s.
            ``(10) Global food security is in the interest of the 
        United States because it promotes stability and economic 
        growth, increases trade opportunities, and alleviates hunger 
        and poverty.
    ``(b) Purpose.--The purpose of this title is to authorize United 
States assistance that promotes food security, agriculture 
productivity, rural development, poverty and malnutrition alleviation, 
and environmental sustainability by engaging the expertise of United 
States institutions of higher education in collaboration with public 
and private institutions in developing countries.

``SEC. 297. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this title:
            ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development.
            ``(2) Agriculture.--The term `agriculture' means the 
        science and practice of activities related to the production, 
        processing, marketing, distribution, utilization, and trade of 
        animal, fish, and plant produces and encompasses the study and 
        practice of various fields related to the sciences, including 
        environmental and social sciences.
            ``(3) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        `institution of higher education' means educational 
        institutions providing post-secondary education and training.
            ``(4) Public and private partners of universities.--The 
        term `public and private partners of universities' includes 
        entities that have cooperative or contractual agreements with 
        universities, which may include formal or informal associations 
        of universities, other education institutions, United States 
        Government and State agencies, private voluntary organizations, 
        nongovernmental organizations, firms operated for profit, 
        nonprofit organizations, multinational banks, and, as 
        designated by the Administrator, any organizations, 
        institutions, or agencies incorporated in foreign countries.
            ``(5) United states universities.--The terms `United States 
        universities' and `United States institutions of higher 
        education' mean those colleges or universities in each State, 
        territory, or possession of the United States, or the District 
        of Columbia--
                    ``(A) now receiving, or which may hereafter 
                receive, benefits under the Act of July 2, 1862 
                (commonly known as the First Morrill Act) (7 U.S.C. 301 
                et seq.), or the Act of August 30, 1890 (known as the 
                Second Morrill Act) (7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.), which are 
                commonly known as `land-grant' universities;
                    ``(B) institutions now designated or which may 
                hereafter be designated as sea-grant colleges under the 
                National Sea Grant College and Program Act (33 U.S.C. 
                1121 et seq.), which are commonly known as sea-grant 
                colleges;
                    ``(C) Native American land-grant colleges as 
                authorized under the Equity in Educational Land-Grant 
                Status Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-382; 7 U.S.C. 301 
                note); and
                    ``(D) other United States colleges and universities 
                that--
                            ``(i) have demonstrable capacity in 
                        teaching, research, and extension (including 
                        outreach) activities in the agricultural 
                        sciences; and
                            ``(ii) can contribute effectively to the 
                        attainment of the objective of this title.

``SEC. 298. AUTHORITY.

    ``(a) In General.--In order to eradicate hunger and malnutrition, 
establish global food security, promote growth in agricultural 
productivity, trade expansion, and the sustainable use of natural 
resources, and alleviate poverty, the President is authorized to 
provide assistance on such terms and conditions as the President may 
determine to implement program components through United States land-
grant universities, other eligible universities, and public and private 
partners of universities in the United States and other countries, 
consistent with sections 103 and 103A of this Act, for the following 
purposes:
            ``(1) Research on problems affecting food availability, 
        accessibility and consumption, agriculture, ecosystem goods and 
        services, climate adaption, forestry, livestock, and fisheries.
            ``(2) Improved human capacity and institutional capacity 
        for the global application of agricultural and related 
        environmental sciences.
            ``(3) Agricultural development and trade research and 
        extension services, particularly for women and other vulnerable 
        populations, to support the access of rural populations to 
        national and global markets.
            ``(4) The application of agricultural and nutritional 
        sciences to solving food, health, nutrition, rural income, and 
        environmental problems, especially among populations 
        experiencing chronic food insecurity (as defined in section 3 
        of the Global Food Security Act of 2009), in particular among 
        women who are landless or smallholder farmers.
    ``(b) Types of Support.--Assistance provided pursuant to this 
section may include support for--
            ``(1) continued efforts by international agricultural 
        research centers and other international research entities to 
        provide a global network, including United States universities 
        and foreign universities, for international scientific 
        collaboration on crops, livestock, forests, fisheries, farming 
        resources, sustainable agricultural and land management 
        technology, water management, source water protection and 
        watershed conservation, and food systems of global importance;
            ``(2) long-term collaborative research support programs 
        between United States and foreign institutions of higher 
        education including the training of students, teachers, 
        extension specialists, and researchers;
            ``(3) broad dissemination of agricultural research through 
        extension, cooperatively with existing public or private 
        extension systems, and with farmer associations, cooperatives, 
        and other non-governmental organizations;
            ``(4) the participation of universities and public and 
        private partners of universities in programs of multilateral 
        banks and agencies that receive United States assistance;
            ``(5) an expansion of learning opportunities about 
        agriculture for students, teachers, school administrators, 
        community leaders, entrepreneurs, and the general public 
        through international internships and exchanges, graduate 
        assistantships, faculty positions, and other means of education 
        and extension, with a focus on reaching women farmers;
            ``(6) competitive grants to United States universities, 
        public and private partners of universities, and universities 
        in other countries for research, institution and policy 
        development, extension, training, and other programs for global 
        agricultural development, trade and the responsible management 
        of natural resources; and
            ``(7) support for developing and strengthening national 
        agricultural research and extension systems in developing 
        countries.
    ``(c) Objectives.--Programs under this title shall be carried out 
so as to utilize the capabilities of United States universities to 
assist--
            ``(1) in developing institutional capacity in recipient 
        countries for classroom teaching in agriculture, plant and 
        animal sciences, human nutrition, vocational training, 
        extension services, and business training;
            ``(2) in agricultural research conducted in recipient 
        countries, at international agricultural research centers, or 
        in the United States;
            ``(3) in the planning, initiation, and development of 
        extension services through which information concerning 
        agriculture, farming techniques, environment, nutrition, and 
        related subjects will be made available to farmers and farming 
        communities in recipient countries; and
            ``(4) in the exchange of educators, students, and 
        scientists for the purpose of assisting in successful 
        development in recipient countries.
    ``(d) Role of Administrator.--The President shall exercise his 
authority under this title through the Administrator.
    ``(e) Collaborative Research Support Program.--Of the amounts 
authorized to be appropriated under section 201(b) of the Global Food 
Security Act of 2009, up to $45,000,000 may be made available annually 
for the Collaborative Research Support Program for fiscal years 2010 
through 2014.
    ``(f) Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.--
Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 201(b) of 
the Global Food Security Act of 2009, up to $50,000,000 may be made 
available annually for core long-term research for the Consultative 
Group on International Agricultural Research for fiscal years 2010 
through 2014.
    ``(g) Board for Higher Education Collaboration for Technology, 
Agriculture, Research, and Extension.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish a 
        permanent Board for Higher Education Collaboration for 
        Technology, Agriculture, Research, and Extension (referred to 
        as `Board') for purposes of assisting the Administrator in the 
        administration of the HECTARE Program, the Collaborative 
        Research Support Program, and all other manner of university 
        engagement authorized under this title.
            ``(2) Membership.--The Board shall consist of at least 7 
        members, of whom--
                    ``(A) not less than 4 shall be selected from United 
                States universities; and
                    ``(B) not less than 3 shall be selected from 
                representatives of nongovernmental organizations or 
                international education consortia devoted to 
                agriculture research and education.
            ``(3) Duties.--The duties of the Board shall include the 
        following:
                    ``(A) Responsibility for advising the Administrator 
                on issues related to the planning, implementation, and 
                monitoring of activities described in this title.
                    ``(B) Advising the Administrator on the formulation 
                of basic policy, program design, procedures, and 
                criteria for the HECTARE Program.
                    ``(C) Advising the Administrator on the 
                qualifications of interested institutions of higher 
                education based on--
                            ``(i) their ability to work collaboratively 
                        to improve agricultural production, scientific 
                        research, and the dissemination of sustainable 
                        agricultural technologies;
                            ``(ii) their commitment to expanding and 
                        applying their academic, teaching, research, 
                        and outreach capacities; and
                            ``(iii) their commitment to partner with 
                        private sector entities, non-governmental 
                        organizations, civil society, other 
                        universities, and government entities.
                    ``(D) Advising the Administrator on which countries 
                could benefit from programs carried out under section 
                299 and have an interest in establishing or developing 
                agricultural institutions that engage in teaching, 
                research, or extension services.
                    ``(E) Making recommendations to the Administrator 
                on the means to improve the effectiveness of activities 
                authorized by this title and undertaken by universities 
                and public and private partners of universities.
                    ``(F) Assessing the impact of programs carried out 
                under this title in solving agricultural problems, 
                improving global food security, addressing natural 
                resource issues, and strengthening institutional 
                capacity at foreign university partners in developing 
                countries.
                    ``(G) Reviewing issues concerning implementation of 
                this title as requested by universities and making 
                recommendations to the Administrator on their 
                resolution.
                    ``(H) Advising the Administrator on any and all 
                issues as requested.
            ``(4) Review of collaborative research support program.--
        Not later than 1 year after the appointment of the members of 
        the Board, the Board shall conduct a review of the 
        Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) with regard to 
        the research focus of existing CRSP activities and their 
        relevance to addressing hunger, malnutrition, agricultural 
        productivity, and poverty alleviation, and shall make 
        recommendations to the Administrator to strengthen the CRSP 
        program.
            ``(5) Subordinate units.--The Administrator may authorize 
        the Board to create such subordinate units as may be necessary 
        for the performance of its duties.
            ``(6) Annual report consultation.--The Board shall be 
        consulted in the preparation of the annual report required by 
        section 299A and on other agricultural development activities 
        related to programs under this title.
            ``(7) Term.--The terms of members shall be set by the 
        Administrator at the time they are appointed.
            ``(8) Reimbursement of expenses.--Members of the Board 
        shall be entitled to such reimbursement of expenses incurred in 
        the performance of their duties (including per diem in lieu of 
        subsistence while away from their homes or regular place of 
        business) as the Administrator deems appropriate on a case-by-
        case basis.

``SEC. 299. HIGHER EDUCATION COLLABORATION FOR TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURE, 
              RESEARCH AND EXTENSION.

    ``(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to provide United 
States assistance for the development of higher educational capacity in 
the field of agriculture in a manner that builds and strengthens 
institutional and human capacity of developing countries in the field 
of agriculture and related sciences, promotes entrepreneurship and 
economic growth in rural areas, increases agricultural productivity and 
sustainable agriculture, alleviates poverty and malnutrition, promotes 
nutritional diversity to include consumption of highly nutritious 
indigenous foods, and promotes good government through the 
participation of United States institutions of higher education.
    ``(b) Establishment of Program.--Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this section, the Administrator shall 
establish a program to be known as the Higher Education Collaboration 
for Technology, Agriculture, Research, and Extension (in this section 
referred to as the `Program' or `HECTARE') for the purpose of providing 
assistance in support of policies and programs in eligible countries 
that advance hunger alleviation by increasing agricultural productivity 
and rural development through partnerships with institutions of higher 
education.
    ``(c) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Assistance plan.--The term `assistance plan' means a 
        multi-year plan developed by the United States Agency for 
        International Development in coordination with a foreign 
        government or university to provide assistance for agricultural 
        education programs at a country or regional level.
            ``(2) Board.--The term `Board' means the Board for Higher 
        Education Collaboration for Technology, Agriculture, Research, 
        and Extension.
            ``(3) Hectare school.--The term `HECTARE school' means an 
        institution of higher education in an eligible country that is 
        designated as the lead educational institution for purposes of 
        a country or regional assistance plan.
            ``(4) Eligible country.--The term `eligible country' means 
        a country that meets the requirements of subsection (g).
    ``(d) Form of Assistance.--Assistance may be provided under this 
section in the form of grants, cooperative agreements, or contracts to 
or with eligible entities described in subsection (h) and shall be 
provided pursuant to assistance plans as described in subsection (f). 
Assistance may not be provided under this section in the form of loans.
    ``(e) Use of Funds.--Assistance provided under this section may be 
used to provide support to HECTARE schools or, where appropriate, other 
institutions of higher education in eligible countries for the 
following purposes:
            ``(1) Academic exchange programs for students, faculty 
        members, extension educators, and school administrators with 
        HECTARE schools, other institutions of higher education, and 
        United States universities.
            ``(2) Strengthening agricultural sciences curricula, 
        including vocational training.
            ``(3) Increasing research capacity, output, and quality.
            ``(4) Improving the dissemination of information and 
        technology to farmers and others engaged in agriculture, 
        especially women and other small farmers.
            ``(5) Identifying leading educational institutions uniquely 
        able to serve as regional hubs to promote the purposes 
        specified in paragraphs (1) through (4) and promoting 
        cooperation between such institutions and other educational 
        institutions through regional networks.
    ``(f) Assistance Plans.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall provide 
        assistance under this section pursuant to an assistance plan 
        developed in coordination with an eligible country that 
        establishes a multi-year plan for significantly improving 
        agricultural productivity and investing in rural economies 
        through the strengthening of agricultural programs at 
        institutions of higher education.
            ``(2) Elements.--An assistance plan should--
                    ``(A) take into account the national development 
                strategy of the eligible country or the participation 
                of the eligible country in a regional development 
                strategy;
                    ``(B) identify an institution of higher education 
                for designation as a HECTARE school that has programs 
                in agricultural sciences;
                    ``(C) identify the partnership between the 
                government agencies, including local and regional 
                governments, civil society, farmer organizations, 
                cooperatives, institutions of higher learning, private 
                entities, multilateral institutions, and 
                nongovernmental organizations;
                    ``(D) identify appropriate channels for 
                dissemination of farming techniques to the field, 
                especially women and other small farmers; and
                    ``(E) identify the plans of the HECTARE school 
                for--
                            ``(i) conducting agricultural research and 
                        technology transfer and extension;
                            ``(ii) strengthening the teaching of 
                        agriculture science, including programs aimed 
                        at curriculum, faculty, and students;
                            ``(iii) improving university 
                        administration; and
                            ``(iv) establishing methods by which to 
                        engage with other institutions of higher 
                        education to fulfill the purposes of the 
                        Program.
    ``(g) Eligible Countries.--
            ``(1) Criteria.--The Administrator shall, in consultation 
        with the Board, identify eligible countries for purposes of 
        this section. Such determination shall be based, to the maximum 
        extent possible, upon objective and quantifiable indicators of 
        a country's demonstrated commitment to the following:
                    ``(A) Investments in, and support for, rural 
                economies, including the protection of private property 
                rights, the promotion of private sector growth and 
                sustainable management of natural resources, the rights 
                of women, and the well-being of women and children.
                    ``(B) Raising agricultural productivity of small- 
                and medium-sized farms.
                    ``(C) Alleviating poverty and hunger among the 
                entire population.
                    ``(D) Strengthening the system of higher education 
                with regard to agricultural sciences, teaching, 
                research, and technology.
                    ``(E) The wide dissemination of farming techniques, 
                especially to small- and medium-sized farmers.
                    ``(F) Good governance, transparency, and anti-
                corruption policies.
            ``(2) Additional factors.--The Administrator, in selecting 
        eligible countries, shall consider--
                    ``(A) the extent to which the country clearly meets 
                or exceeds the eligibility criteria;
                    ``(B) the opportunity to increase agricultural 
                productivity, enhance human and institutional capacity, 
                and reduce hunger and malnutrition in the country;
                    ``(C) the availability of funds to carry out this 
                section;
                    ``(D) the percentage of the country's population 
                that faces chronic food insecurity (as defined in 
                section 3 of the Global Food Security Act of 2009); and
                    ``(E) the existence of an institution of higher 
                education in a food secure country that can serve as a 
                regional hub for assistance to other schools in need of 
                assistance in countries experiencing chronic food 
                insecurity (as defined in section 3 of the Global Food 
                Security Act of 2009).
    ``(h) Eligible Entities.--Entities eligible for assistance under 
this section are the following:
            ``(1) United States universities working in partnership 
        with HECTARE schools in eligible countries.
            ``(2) HECTARE schools and other institutions of higher 
        education in eligible countries.
            ``(3) Nongovernmental organizations or private entities.
    ``(i) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the President for the purpose of carrying out 
activities under this section--
            ``(1) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
            ``(2) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2011;
            ``(3) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2012;
            ``(4) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2013; and
            ``(5) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2014.
    ``(j) Disclosure of Funding Received by United States 
Universities.--The Administrator shall prescribe regulations providing 
for the utilization by United States universities of alternative 
sources of public and private funding to carry out the purposes of this 
title and requiring the disclosure, not less than annually, of all such 
alternative funding, both prospective and received.

``SEC. 299A. ANNUAL REPORT.

    ``Not later than September 30, 2011, and annually thereafter, the 
President shall submit to Congress a report detailing the activities 
carried out under this title during the preceding fiscal year and 
containing a projection of programs and activities to be conducted in 
the following year.''.

              TITLE IV--EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO FOOD CRISES

SEC. 401. EMERGENCY RAPID RESPONSE TO FOOD CRISES ACCOUNT.

    (a) Authority.--Whenever the President determines it to be 
important to the national interest, the President may furnish on such 
terms and conditions as the President may determine appropriate 
assistance under this Act or the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) for the purpose of meeting unexpected urgent food 
assistance and related needs, notwithstanding any provision of law 
which restricts assistance to foreign countries.
    (b) Establishment of Account.--
            (1) Establishment.--There is established a United States 
        Emergency Rapid Response to Food Crises Fund to carry out the 
        purposes of this section (in this section referred to as the 
        ``Fund'').
            (2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
        to be appropriated to the President from time to time such sums 
        as may be necessary for the Fund to carry out the purposes of 
        this section, except that no amount of funds may be 
        appropriated which, when added to amounts previously 
        appropriated but not yet obligated for such purpose, would 
        cause the total of such appropriated amounts to exceed 
        $500,000,000.
            (3)  Availability of funds.--Amounts appropriated pursuant 
        to this section shall remain available until expended.
    (c) Use of Funds.--Assistance provided under this section may 
include--
            (1) the local and regional purchase and distribution of 
        food; and
            (2) the provision of emergency non-food assistance, 
        including vouchers or cash transfers, safety net programs, or 
        other appropriate non-food assistance.
    (d) Limited Delegation of Authority.--The authority under 
subsection (a) may be delegated to the Administrator, provided that not 
more than $100,000,000 may be made available in any fiscal year 
pursuant to determinations made by the Administrator pursuant to the 
delegation of such authority.
    (e) Reporting Requirements.--The Administrator shall submit a 
report to the appropriate congressional committees not later than 5 
days before providing assistance pursuant to a determination made under 
this section. The report shall describe--
            (1) the emergency food and related needs to be addressed by 
        the assistance;
            (2) the population that will receive the aid; and
            (3) the amount and type of assistance to be provided.

SEC. 402. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There is authorized to be appropriated $500,000,000 for fiscal year 
2010 for the purpose of carrying out this title.
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