• 

1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 

is n·one, may, pursuant to such ru1es as shall be prescribed by the Comptroller of 

the Treasury, admit such proof as may be adduced; and if they deem the same satisfactory, cancel such bond accordingly. 

Mr. POLAND. The amendment is to change the phrase "First 

Comptroller of the Trea.gury" to "Secretary of the Treasury;" also 

"Comptroller of the Treasury" to "Secretary of the Treasury." 

The amendment was agreed to. 

Mr. POLAND. The next amendment is in section 311!~. 

The section was as follows: 

SEc. 3113. Any merchandise imJ,>Orted from the British North American provinces adjoining the United States, which shall have been du1y entered and the duties 

thereon paid or secured a.ccording to law at either of the ports of entry in the ~ollection districts situated on the northern, northeastern, and northwestern frontiers of 

theUnitedStates,maybetransportedbylandorbywater,orpartlybylandandpartly 

by water, to any port'or ports from which merchandlse may be exported for benefit 

of drawback, and be thence exported with such privilege to any foreign country. The laws relatin(7 to the transportation of merchandise entitled to drawba.ck from one district to another, or to two other districts, and the due exportation and proof of landing thereof, and all re!mlations which the Secretary of the Tr~sury may prescribe for the security of tli'e revenue, must, however, be complied With. 

Mr. POLAND. The amendment is near the clo e of the section, 1o 

strike out the words " from one futrict to another, or to two other 

districts." 

The amendment was agreed to. 

Mr. POLAND. The next amendment is in section 3121. 

The section was as follows : 

SEc. 3121. The Secretary of the Trea-sury is hereby further authorized to pre- scribe such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with the laws of the Umted 

States, as he may deem necessary to carry into effect the provisions of the five pre- ceding sections, and to prevent the illegal reimportation of any merchandise which 

shall have been exported as herein provided. 

Mr. POLAND. The amendment is to strike out the words "five 

preceding sections," and to insert in lieu the words, "laws relating to 

drawbacks." 

The amendment was agreed to. 

Mr. POLAND. ·That, Mr. Speaker, closes the amendments which we are prepared to offer to-night. I move that the House now a~journ. 

The motion was agreed to; and accordingly (at nine o'clock and 

ten minutes p. m.) the House adjourned. 

PETITIONS, ETC. 

The following memorials, petitions, and other papers were presented 

at the Clerk's desk, under the rule, and referred as stated: 

By Mr. ALBERT: The petition of Maria Harris, of Baltimore, Mar 

land, for a pension, to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 

By Mr. ARCHER: The petition of Augustus W. Bradford, of Balti- more County, Maryland, for indemnification for the destruction of his 

dwelling-house near Baltimore by a squad of confederate soldiers in 

July, 1864, in retaliation for the destruction by Federal troops of the 

dwelling-house of George Letcher, of Virginia, to the Committee on War 

Claims. 

By Mr. ARMSTRONG: The petition of Captain Seth Bonney, for 

restoration to his former rank in the Army, to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. BARRERE : The petition of distillers in the fifth collection 

district of Illinois, that the moneys paid by them pursuant to instructions from the Commissioner of Internal Revenue for the Tice meter 

be refunded, said meter having proved inaccurate and worthless, to 

the Committee on Appropriations. 

By :Mr. BASS : The petition of Louisa R. Ketchum, widow of William F. Ketchum, for the extension of letters-patent for improvements 

in grass and grain harvesters, to the Committee on Patents. 

By Mr. BLAINE: The memorial of Matilda Hindman, in behalf of 

the Woman Suffrage Association of the State of Pennsylvania, in re- lation to a bill pending in Congress to aid in the execution of the 

laws of the Territory of Utah, and remonstrating against the disfranchisement of women in that Territory, to the Committee on the Judiciary . .Also, charges and specifications against William Story, judge of the 

United States district court for the western district of Arkansas, submitted by James S. Robinson, of Fort Smith, Arkansas, and by Ben. 

T. DuVol, James S. Gage, and others, practicin~ attorneys at Fort 

Smith, Arkansas, to the Committee on the Judimary. 

By Mr. D.A. VIS, of Virginia: The petition of tobacco manufacturers 

and dealers of the State of Virginia, for the abolition of the import 

duty on mass or stick licorice, to the Committee on Ways and Means. 

By Mr. ELKINS: The memorial of the wardens and vestrymen of 

Saint Thomas Parish, Santa Fe, New Mexico, praying for the grant 

of a lot of land in the military reeervation at Fort Maroy, for the 

erection of church and school buildings, to the Committee on the 

Public Lands. 

By Mr. FREEMAN: The petition of Dr. Holmes Sells, for relief, to 

the Committee on War Claims. 

By Mr.' GARFIELD: The petition of Andrew J. Herron, of Painesville, Ohio, for correction of his military record, to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

By Mr. HAVENS : Several petitions of citi~ens of Missouri, for the 

passage of an act legalizing certain homestead entries, to the Committee on the Public Lands. 

By Mr. MAYNARD: The petition of citizens of Monroe County, 

115 

Tennessee, for the reinstatement of 10 per cent. duty on manufactured cottons, woolens, iron, &c., to the Committee on Ways and 

Means. 

By Mr. NEGLEY. The petition of members of the Board of Health 

of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for the passage of the bill establishing a bureau of health, to the Committee on Commerce. 

Al•w, the remonstrance of twenty-one pilots of Louisville, Kentucky, against the construction of dams and dikes in and on the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, to the Committee on Commerce. 

Also, the petition of the Pittsburgh Forge and Iron Company, and 

others, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for the .repeal of the second sec- tion of the act of June 6, 1872, which made a reduction of 10 per cent. 

in certain duties, to the Committee on Ways and Means. 

Also, the petition of David Laing and others, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, of similar import, to the Committee on Ways and Means. 

Also, the petition of P. J. :Murray and others, of Saint Louis, Missouri, of similru· import·, to the Committee on Ways and Means. 

By Mr. ORR: Several petitions of citizens of Hardin and Story 

Counties, in the State of Iowa, for the establishment of a post-route, 

with tri-weekly mail service, from Eldora to Nevada, in said State, 

to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. 

By 1\fr. ORTH: The petition of Rev. Joseph C. Talbot, bishop of 

Indiana, for the establishment of a system of instruction in nautical 

science and the rudimental branches of English education in the 

United States Navy, to the Committee on Nava,l Affairs. 

By Mr. RAWLS: The petition of David R. Dillon, of Savannah, 

Georgia, for relief, to the Committee on War Claims. 

By Mr. SCUDDER, of New York: Several petitions of honorably 

discharged soldiers and sailors of Flushing, New York, for amendments to the homestead law, to the Committee on the Public Lands. 

By :Mr. SPEER: The petition of David Etnier, and 0 other citizens 

of Brady Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, for the repeal 

of that part of the act of June 6, 1872, reducing the duties on certain 

ru·ticles, and remonstrating against imposing a duty on tea and coffee a oppre ive to the people, to the Committee on Ways and Means. 

By Mr. THOMAS: The petition of the citizens of New Berne, North 

Carolina, for the removal of obstructions from the Neuse River, to 

the Committee on Commerce. 

Also, t he petition of S. E. Koonce, of Jones County, North Carolina, 

for payment for services in carrying the United States mails, to the 

Committee on Claims. 

Also, the petition of citizens of Greene and Pitt Counties, North 

Carolina). for the establishment of a post-route from Snow Hill, via 

Willow u-reen and Ballard's Store, to Greeneville, to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. 

By Mr. WILLIAMS, of Michigan: The petition of 504 citizens of Holland, Ottawa County, Michigan, for an appropriation of $50,000 for 

the improvement of Black Lake Harbor, Michigan, to the Committee on Commerce. 

By Mr. WOODFORD: The petition of Snow & Burgess and others, 

merchants of the city of New York, that merchants associated under 

the name of mutual insurance companies, who have suffered by depredations of confederate cruisers, may be indemnified from the Geneva 

award fund, t the Committee on the Judiciary. 

Also, a letter from E. E. Morgan's Sons, merchants of New York 

City, transmitting the foregoing petition, to the Committee on the 

Judiciary. 

IN SENATE. 

FRIDAY, February 27, 1874. 

Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. BYRON SUNDERLAND, D. D. 

The Journal of yesterday's proceed.i]J.gs was read and approved. 

PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore presented the petition of William 

Furness, praying that the proceeds of certain property confiscated by 

the so-called Confederate State , and afterward captured by the Army 

of the United States, and sold by order of the Secretary of War, be 

paid to him; which was referred to the Committee on Claims. 

:Mr. SCOTT. I present the memorial of Jacob E. Weister and 103 

other workingmen of the city of Phih~elphia, prote.liting against any 

increase of taxation, and praying for the repeal' ~ Uw sMond section 

of the act of June 6, 18'12, which made a reduction of 10 per cent. in 

cert.ain duties on manufactured cottons, woolens, &c.; also, a similar 

petition from J. S. Bradley and 62 other citizens of Jewett, in the 

State of Illinois; a similar petition from C. H. Baker a,nd 60 otJ:J.er citizens of Wyandotte, in the State of Michigan; and a memorial from 

A. L. Porter and 41 other citizens of Henderson County, Illinois, to the same purport. I move their reference to the Committee on Finance. 

The motion WM agreed to. 

Mr. PRATT presentedJL memorial of the governors of the States of 

Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, asking for the payment to their States 

respectively of the amount of what is known as the 2 per cent. land 

fund, due them from the United States; which was referred to the 

Committee on Public Lands, and ordered to be printed. 

1\Ir. SHERMAN presented the petition of N. F. Hi:llchcook ~n d other 

citizc:us of Junction City, Perry County, Ohio, -praying for the appoint-
• 

1826 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. FEBRUARY 27, 

ment of a commission of inquiry concerning the alcoholic liquor traffic, its relations to pauperism, crime, the public health, and general 

welfare; which was ordered to lie on the table. 

Mr. HAMLIN. I present the memorial of Moses Googins, who represents that his son, Andrew A. Googins, enlisted in the Army'during 

the late war; that he was captured at the battle of the Wilderne s, was incarcerated in a rebel prison, and there died. He, as the sole 

heir of his son, has been unable to prove definitely the death; and 

he therefore asks that such provision of law may be passed aa will 

enable him to draw such sum a-s the son would be entitled to if he were alive. I move that the petition be referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

The motion was agreed to. 

Mr. BUCKINGHAM. I present the memorial of Thomas Belknap 

and 16 other citizens of Hartford, Connecticut, praying Congress to 

take into consideration and make provision for the payment of losses 

sustained by_armed vessels of France prior to 1 01, or to restore them 

to their claims and their remedy against France. I take this occasion 

to say that I hope the Committee on Foreign Relations will urge that 

bill forward at an early day, and that the Senate will take it up, so that justice ma.y be done to these sufferers. I move that the memorial 

lie on the table, as the bill has been reported. 

The motion was agreed to. 

DUTIES ON FRUITS AND FRUIT-PLANTS. 

Mr. SHERMAN. I am instructed by the Committee on Finance, 

to whom was referred the bill (H. R. No. 2191) in relation to the cus- toms duties on imported fruits, to report it back without amendment. 

The purpose of this bill is simply to correct or suspend for the time 

the trouble that has arisen growing out of the insertion of the comma after the word" fruit" in the law. The Senate is rather thin now. I should like to have the bill passed to-day, but I do not-wish to put 

it on its passage when so few Senators are present. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair will suggest that the 

Senator from Ohio had better withhold the report for the present, and 

make it subsequently. 

Mr. SHERMAN. Very well; I will withhold it for the present. 

SIGNING OF WAR DEPARTMENT REQUISITIONS. 

Mr. SHERMAN. I am also directed by the Committee on Finance, 

to whom was referred the bill (H. R. No. 1284) authorizing the chief 

clerk of the War Department to sign requisitions on the Trea:mry 

during the temporary absence of the Secretary of War, to report it 

back without amendment. The bill is strongly recommended by the 

Secretary of War, and its nece sity is apparent; and I ask that it be 

put on its passage. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It will be read for information, 

subject to objection. 

The Chief Clerk read the bill. It provides that when, from illnes or other cause, the Secretary ~f War is temporarily absent from the 

War Department, he may authorize the chief clerk of the Department to sign requisitions upon the Treasury Department, and other 

papers requiring the signatures of the Secretary; the same, when 

signed by the chief clerk during such temporary a_bience, to be of 

the same force and effect as if signed by the Secretary of War himself. 

Mr. WRIGHT. I desire to say that I shall not interpose any objection to this bill, as I appreciate the importance of disposing of it at 

once; but I give notice that I shall object to any interference with 

the morning business hereafter, so that we may get to _the Calendar. 

There being no objection, the bill was considered as in Committee 

of the Whole. 

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and pas ed. 

PERSONAL EXPLANATIONS. 

Mr. SCOTT. I ask consent of the Senate to make a very brief personal explanation. , 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Pennsylvania 

asks consent to make a personal explanation. Is there objection Y 

The Chair hears none. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I send to the Chair, and ask to have 

read, a very brief extra-ct from a paper, called the Lebanon Courier, 

published at Lebanon, Pennsylvania. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It will be read if there be no objection. The Chair hears none. The Chief Clerk read a-s follows: 

But our other Senator, Hon. J'OHN ScoTr, I am sorry to stnte, took sides with the 

controotionists, giving as a. reason (if correctly reported) that he believed it to be 

the only means of bringing about a resumption of specie payment, and that it would 

tend to reduce wages so as to enable onr manufacturers to compete successfully 

with those of foretgn countries. This means, in plain English, exactJ.y what Mr. 

Kn.LINGER says, to reduce our producing classes to a level with the pauper labor of . Europe. 

Mr. SCOTT. That article refers to a report, and says that I occu- pied a certain position, "if correctly reported." For the purpose of 

showing the 9rigin of the report1 I send to the Chair also an article, a very brief extract from which I have marked, contained in the 

Philadelphia Press of February 21, 1874, and ask to have it read. . The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It will be read if there be uo objec- tion. 

The Chief Clerk read as follows : 

The Senate Finance Committee and the contmctionisU! and specie-resumption- ists were badly beaten in the Senate to-day by the adoption of Mr. MERRIMON'a 

amendment instructing the committee to report a bill increasing the national-bank 

circulation $46,000,000, making it $400,000,000 in all. The vote stood 28 to 25. Five 

Senators were absent and the remainder not voting were paired. Of the :five ab- sentees three are in favor of more currency and woUld have voted for the amendment, and two against it. This would still ~ve the friends of more currency a majority of four or :five. Senator COT!' who 18 a member of the Finance Commit--

tee, voted with the contractionists, whlie Senator CAMERON voted for the amend- ment. Senator ScoTr is in favor of resuming specie payments, and he thinks the 

way to do it is to keep down the volume of currency. His theory about specie pay- ments is that, could this be reached, the rate of wages would be reduced, and we would tJlen be in a better condition to compete with Europe. 

1\fr. SCOTT. Mr. Pre ident, both these extracts reached me this 

morning in le-tters from numerous portions of the State of Pennsylvania, from those whom I consider my friends, and who advise me that, however averse my private feelings may be to a personal explanation, it is my duty to the State to correct whatever may be false in 

these extracts. The paper which is given as the original authority 

for the extract in the Lebanon Courier claims to be respectable. The 

Lebanon Courier, so far as I am aware of its character, is a respectable newspaper circulating in the interior of Pennsylvania. This 

announcement appeared originally in a newspaper claiming, as I have 

said, to be respectable, and the tone is such as to carry the idea that 

it speaks for me, and states my opinion and my theories by authority. It is again quoted and referred to in a paper in the interior of my 

State. So long as this has been confined to misrepresentation and 

fabrication chiefly of a personal character, I have declined to notico 

them. So repeatedly has this been the case that I can come to no other conclusion than that the reporter of the Philadelphia Press is 

under the orders of his superior systematically to misrepresent and 

defame me. When I have striven for and secured appropriations in 

which the city of Philadelphia was largely interested, I have been 

represented as neglecting her interests. When I advocated the ex- pulsion of the Senator from Kansas, (Mr. Caldwell,) for rea-sons seem- ing to me to demand it, I wa represented as defending him. When 

the books of the Secretary of the Senate showed that I bad not drawn 

the back pay authorized by the law of the last Congress, his dispatches 

repre ented that I had drawn it. 

I might refer to a more recent article in this same newspaper affecting a question in which Philadelphia and the State of Pennsylvania are largely interested, and in which it is complained that both the 

Senators from Pennsylvania have failed to force upon the Senate a measure which it was their duty to bring before it, or have been 

wardly in advocating it. I forbear, however, to notice that, only 

referring to it that the Senate may bear witness a-s to whether either 

of the Senators from Pennsylvania ha been derelict in his duty or cowardly in maintaining the intere ts of the State. Both of thorn, 

I trust, have too much respect for themselves and their associates to 

suppose that they could or would consent to force any bill upon the 

Senate. 

When falsehoods are published as my opinions upon public questions, in which the people of my State are largely interested, a if 

uttered by me, my duty to them, they say, requires that· I avail myself of the _ only means left me of meetin~ and refuting such an a umption. The reporter of the Philadelphia Press had no authority 

to write any such opinion or theory. I hold no intercourse with him. I have not hesitated to announce my belief that specie payments 

could not be resumed in the near future, and coulu not be maintained 

under all circumstances. I favor free banking upon United States 

notes issued through the banks, based upon a bond bearing a lowor 

rate of interest than those upon which the present national-bank cur- rency is issued, and redeemable primarily by the banks, and ultimately 

by the Government, either in coin or in interest-bearing bonds. If ·I 

cannot secure that, I will favor the best system of free banking that can be secured by modifications of the present national-bank laws, 

incorporating among them some provision for the redemption of these 

notes. 

To a paper currency unlimited in amount and irredeemable in anything more valuable than itself when it falls below par I am oppo ed, 

believing it to be injurious to the permanent and best interests of all 

clas es of society ; and these opinions I have not hesitated to express 

upou the floor of the Senate, although the condition of my throat, in 

consequence of a bronchial disease, has been such that I have refrained 

from speaking at length upon this and many other questions that I 

desired to have spoken upon. But upon this very subject, upon the 

very day on which this dispatch was sent from the city of WashinO'-

ton to the Philadelphia Press, in answer·to a suggestion of my colleague, I said upon the floor of the Senate, and it is so reporteu in the RECORD: • 

Now, on the subject of specie payments, while I do not wish to be diverted for 

the pnrpo e of discussing that question, my colleague equally misapprehends my 

position. I am not only not in favor of the immediate resumption of specie paymenU!, but I do not think it possible for us to resume specie payments immediately, nor at any time in the very near future. He and I, I think, agree on that 

subject. I go further, and say that after we have resumed, it is not possible that we should keep up that resumption during all time, and especially during panics. 

. The closing inference of this dispatch, which is put as if it were my declaration, is that I favor this policy because I desire to reduce 

the wages of labor here to a level with that of the pauper labor of 

Europe. That is it in substance. Now, sir, if there be any Senator 

upon this :floor who is open to the charge of advocating a policy 
1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 1827 

which, instead of diminishing, will increaBe the wages of labor, I 

think I am open to that charge, ::md it can be sustained by numerous 

quotations from my speeches when the tariff and revenue bills have 

been under discussion, to none of which will I delay in referring 

here; but I condensed my whole opinions upon that question, in 

speaking upon that subject, into the declaration that I believed that 

the policy which I was then advocating would keep up the wages of 

labor, and that that policy would make labor contented and capital secure. I have never entertained or uttered such a sentiment about 

the wages of labor as that reported in the Press and quoted in the 

Courier. It is a fabrication and a falsehood. 

Now, Mr. President, with the proprietor of the paper which :fin!t 

gave currency to this falsehood, or with the instrument he uses to 

furnish such materials for his columns,· I can have no controversy. I 

have referred to instances of misrepresentation which have been, perhaps, intended to affect me both personally and in my public character, but not for the purpo e of entering into any personal controversy. 

I depart, in this instance, from the rule of my life, to live down slander 

instead of noticing it, because my constituents have demanded it of me as a public duty. It is only in response to their demand that I 

rise for the purpose of saying to this constituency, who thus consider 

it my duty to notice this unauthorized fabrication of my opinions 

upon a public question, that neither my opinion upon public questions, nor my conduct in the Senate upon any question, is likely to be either 

correctly or fairly reported in the dispatches of a paper represented 

here, with the knowledge of its proprietor, by one who, when speak- ing of me, has been more frequently an eavesdropper and a libeler 

than an impartial journalist. 

Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. President, I think it my duty to call the attention of the Senate to a most gross and scandalous calumny against a fellow-Senator; and the reason I do it is because I am referred to as a witness. My attention has been called to the Detroit Free Press, a paper of great influence and of high standing, published at Detroit, . Michigan, jn which I find a special dispatch, dated Washington, February 20, which I will read: 

CHANDLER AT HIS OLD TRICKS.-The Michigan delegation in the House is very 

savage against CHANDLER, who, they allege, h.aa seized upon all the patronage in the 

State to further his interest as a candidate for re-election. The consequence is 

they are letting out a good deal of matter damaging to the Senator. 

Now comes the point to which I wish to call the attention of the 

Senate: · 

Not a. week ago Senator SHERMAN, of Ohio, had to take CHANDLER out of the Sen- ate and put him to bed on a. lounge in the room of the Finance Committee in a state ()f beastly intoxication. When CHANDLER woke up he grossly insulted Mr. Reese, 

the clerk of the Finance Committee. 

Now, Mr. President, all I can say is that this is a total fabrication. 

I never took Mr. CHANDLER out of the Senate; I never put him to bed on a lounge in the room of the Finance Committee or anywhere else; 

I never saw him in a state of beastly intoxication; and Mr. Reese, 

who is the quiet, modest, industrious clerk of that committee, tells me the whole story, so far as his name is mentioned, is an utter fabrication. If this were a matter in regard to myself, I would not allude to 

it; but when I am referred to as a witness to prove so great a scandal 

against a fellow-Senator,! certainlymust disclaim it, whenlknow it 

to be so utterly false. 

PAPERS WITHDRAWN AND REFERRED. 

On motion of Mr. PRATT, it was 

OrtLered, That the papers in the case of Michael Fentenhime, claiming compensation for Morris Island, in the State of South Carolina, appropriated and used by the military forces of the United States, be withdrawn from the files and referred to the Committee on Claims. 

REPORTS OF COMMITI'EES. 

Mr. &ARGENT, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, to whom were referred the bill (S. No. 65) toauthorizethePresident to restore 

George Henry Preble, now a captain in the Navy, to his original position on the Navy Register, and promote him to the rank of commo- dore on the active list; and the bill (S. No. 31) for the relief of Captain Louis C. Sartori, of the Navy; and the memorial of Commander 

R. F. R. Lewis, United States Navy, praying restoration to his original position on the Navy list, submitted an adverse report; which was ordered to be printed, and the bills were postponed indefinitely, 

and the committee was discharged from the further consideration of 

the memorial. 

Mr . .ANTHONY, from the Committee on Printing, to .whom was 1·eferred a motion to print a communication of the Secretary of the 

Interior, communicating, in answer to a resolution of the Senate, information touching the Chippewa tribe of Indians, reported in favor 

of the motion ; and it was agreed to. 

Mr. SPRAGUE, from the Committee on Public Lands, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. No. 1558) to amend the act entitled" .A.n 

act to encourage the growth of timber on western prairies," reported it with amendments. 

DUTIES ON FRUITS AND FRUIT-PLANTS. 

Mr. SHERMAN. I now make the report of the bill in regard to 

fruita to which I referred. I am directed by the Committee on Finance, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. No. 2191) in relation 

to the customs duties on imported fruits, to report it back with an amendment; and I should like to have the bill paBsed now, as the 

Senate must see the importance of it. It is to correct the error that 

has been commented upon in both Houses in regard to the punctu- ation of a law that aft'gcts the revenue of the country daily. We 

report one amendment to the bill. -By unanimous consent the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, 

proceeded to consider the bill, which direct the Secretary of the 

Treasury to suspend the repayment of all duties heretofore paid on imported fruits until further legislation by Congress authorizing the 

same, or until the final decision of the Supreme Court. 

The amendment of the Committee on Finance was to add to the 

bill the following words: 

Except in ca es where suits in court have been discontinued by instructions of 

the Secretary of the Treasury; and the error in the punctuation of the clause r elating to fruit-plants, in the fust section of the act approved June 6, 1872, entitled 

".An act to reduce duties on imports and to reduce internal taxes, and for other purposes," of inserting a comma instead of a hyphen after the word "fruit " is hereby corrected; and said clause shall read as follows : "Frnit-plants, tropical and semitropicaJ., for the purpose of propagation or cultivation." 

The amendment was agreed to. The l>ill wa-s reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendment was concurred in. The amendment wa-s ordered to be engrossed, and the bill to be read 

the third time. The bill wa.'3 read the third time, and passed. 

SAN FRANCISCO . MINT. 

Mr. SARGENT. The Committee on Appropriations, to whom wa.s referred the bill(H. R. No. 2201) to render available a certain unex- pended balance of appropriation, have had the same under consideration, and have instructed me to report it back without amendment, . and to ask for its pre ent consideration. It is to make available a certain unexpended balance appropriated for the construction of the 

branch mint at San Francisco. 

By unanimous consent the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider the bill, which reappropriates and makes available the unexpended l.Jalance of the a.ppropriation for the construction of t he United States branch-mint building at San Francisco, 

California, now remaining on the books of the Treasury Department 

to the credit of the appropriation for that work, and unavailable 

under the provisions of the fifth, sixth, and seventh sections of the 

act of July 12, 1870. 

. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered 

to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. _ . 

GREEN BAY AND STURGEON BAY SHIP-CANAL. 

Mr. OGLESBY. I am instructed by the Committee on Public Lands, 

to whom was referred the bill (H. R. No. 447) extending the time for 

the completion of the Green Bay and Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Ship-Canal, in thf' State of Wi consin, to report it back without 

amendment. The bill is a mere extension of time, which the House 

has passed, and the Committee on Public Lands have all agreed to it 

and recommend its passage. It will only take a moment, and I ask 

for its present consideration. • Mr. WRIGHT. I gave notice when the first bill was called up this 

morning that I should object to all bills being considered this morn- in~. Some have been considered. Now, if there is no debate upon 

this bill, I shall not object to the vote being taken at once. By unanimous consent the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, 

proceeded to consider the bill, which extends the time for the completion of the Green Bay and Stur~~on Bay and Lak~ Michigan ShipCanal to the lOth day of April, 11:576. 

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered 

to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. 

Mr. WRIGHT. I give notice now that I shall object to all other 

bills being considered. THOMAS HILLHOUSE. 

Mr. B.A. YARD. I am instructed by the Committee on Finance to 

report back, without amendment, the. bill (H. R. No. 253) for the relief 

of Thoma Hillhouse, a sistant trea urer of the UnitedRtates in New 

York City, and to ask for its pre ent consideration. .A. report accompanies the bill,·which may be read if desired. Probably it had better 

l.Je printed. . The report wa,o:; ordered to be printed. 

By unanimous con ent the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, 

proceeded to con ider the bill, which proposes to direct the proper 

a-ccounting officers to allow Thomas Hillhouse, assistant treasurer of 

the United States at New York City, in the settlement of his inter-- nal-revenue stamp account, a credit for the sum of 185,000, being the 

proceeds of sale of ~ternal-revenue stamps ·embezzled by James I. 

John on, a clerk in his office, without the default or negligence of 

the assistant treasurer. 

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and•passed. 

CUSTOD~S OF PUBLIC MONEYS. 

Mr. B.A.Y.A.RD. I am instructed by the Committee on Finance to 

report the following resolution, and I ask for its pre ent consideration: 

Resolved, That the ·secretary of the Treasury be directed to inform the Senate 

what, if any, additional legislation is required to prevent defalcation by officials 

receiving and disposing of "United State revenue stamps and public moneys, and 

whether the persons havina actual custody of such stamps and moneys should not in all cases be required to give 'bond, with security, fortheproperexecutionof their duty_ 

There olqtion was considered by lUlanimous consent and agreed to. 
1828 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. FEBRUARY 27, 

BILLS INTRODUCED. 

Mr. FENTON. I am requested by General Paine, of this city, to 

ask that the bill which I now submit, without previous notice, may be 

received. · No objection being made, leave was granted to introduce a bill (S. 

No. 545) to incorporate the Oxygen Gas Company of tho District of 

Columbia; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the 

Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 

Mr. ENTON (by request) asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to introduce a. bill (S. No. 546) establishing certain postroads; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. . Mr. WEST asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to introduce a bill (S. No. 547) for the relief of Clarissa Bishop, of New 

Orleans, Louisiana; which was read twice by its title, and, with the 

a-ccompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Claims. . 

REPORT OF SMITH:SONIAN INSTITUTION. 

Mr. HAMLIN. I move to take up the resolution for the printing of 

the Smithsonian report. I think it will detain the Senate but a moment. It was up the other morning. 

The motion was agreed to ; and the Senate proceeded to consider 

the resolution submitted on the 13th instant by Mr. HAMLIN, and which 

the Committee on Printing proposed to amend so as to make it read : 

Resolved, (the House of Representatives concurring,) Tha.t seven thousand five 

linndred additional copies of the re:port of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 

1873 be printed, five hundred of which shall be for the use of the Senate, one tliousand for the use of the Honse, and six thousand for the use of the Institution: Provided, That the aggregate number of tages of said report shall not exceed four 

r::t:tth~~~~~~~ there shall e no illustrations except those furnished by 

Mr. HAMLIN. My colleague interposed some objection to the reso- lution becaUBe there were five hundred copies provided for in it for 

the Senate and a thousand for the House. I have conferred with my 

colleague, and I have also conferred with the Senator who reported 

the resolution, and with their concurrence I move now to strike out 

the whole number appropriated to both the Senate and House. That 

Will be my first motion. I shall follow that with another motion to 

increasethenumbertothe Smithsonian Institution by fifteen hundTed, 

which is just the number stricken out. That takes away entirely the 

objection to printing any copies for our own distribution. I transfer· 

that number to the Institution for this Teason: I take it every Senator, like myself, has supplied the principal libraries of his State for 

years with this work. They will want it and they will cease to call 

upon UB, but they will call upon theinstitution for it, and that num- berwhich was proposed for the Senate and for the House will be transferred there, and there they will find them. 

I want ~o say also, in this connection, that by an exchange of this 

very work with foreign societies and foreign governments, we add to our Congressional Library works of value, amounting to between two 

and three thousand volumes annually. 

The PRESIDENT pro temp(We. The resolution will be read as proposed to be amended. 

The CHIEF CLERIC If amended as propo ed by the Senator from 

Maine, the resolution will read : 

Resolved, (the House of Representatives concuTring,) That seven thousand five 

hundred additional copies of the-report of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1873 be printed for the use of the Institution: PTovided, That the aggregate num- ber of pages of said report shall not exceed four hundred and fifty, and that there 

shall be no illustrations except those furnished by the Smithsonian Institution. 

'l'he amendment was agreed to. · 

The resolution, as amended, was agreed to. 

LIQUOR TRAFFIC COMMISSION. 

The PRESIDENT pro temp(We. If there be no further morning 

business the Secretary will report the Calendar. 

Mr. CAMERON. I rise to ask the President of the Senate whether 

the centennial bill does not now come up in order Y 

The PRESIDENT pro temp(We. Not until one o'clock, unless by a vote of the Senate. The Secretary will report the first bill on the 

Calendar. 

The first bill on the Calendar was the bill (S. No. 161) to provide for the appointment of a commission on t he subject of the alcoholic 

liquor traffic, the pending question being on the amendment of Mr. 

MORRILL, of Maine, to the amendment of the Committee on Finance, 

in section 2, line 81 to strike out the words ''the amount necessary," 

and insert "for this purpose the sum of 10,000." 

Mr. THURMAN. I wish the attention of the Senator from Maine 

for a moment. That amendment will not limit the expenditure to 

$10,000. It only limits the present appropriation to 10,000. The 

preceding part of the bill contains a distinct enactment that all the 

expenses shall be paid. I suggest, therefore, to the Senator from 

· Maine, that if he wants to limit the expense to $10,000 he must move an amendment in the preceding part of the bill. His amendment can be acted upon and adopted, and then another amendment cau be 

inserted. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the amendment 

of the Senator from Maine to the amendment of the Committee on Finance. 

Mr. MORRILL, of Mairu~ What is ihe suggestion of the Senator 

from Ohiof 

Mr. THURMAN. Let that amendment be adopted, and then insert in line 4, after the word " expenses," the words " not exceeding 

$10,000." 

The PRESIDENT pro ternp(We. The question is on the amendment 

of the Senator from Maine to the amendment of the Committee on Finance. 

The amendment to the amendment wa-s agreed to. 

Mr. THURMAN. Now I move to insert after the word "investigation," in line~ the words ''not exceeding 10,000." 

Mr. MORRiLL, of Maine. That will do. 

The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. 

The PRESIDENT pro temp(We. The Senator from New Jersey [Mr. 

FRELINGHUYSEN] gave notice of an amendment to be offered at the 

proper time. It will now be in order. lli. FRELINGHUYSEN. The amendment, I will state, comes from some agent who is interested for the brewers of the country, whopay· a very large tax, and it has been submitted to a number of the mem- bers of the committee, and I believe they think it perfects and does 

not injure the bill. 

The PRESIDENT pro terrp(We. The amendment will be read. 

The CHIEF CLERK. The proposed amendment is in line 11 of the 

first section of the amendment reported by the Committee on Finance, 

to insert after the word "alcoholic" the words "and fermented;" and 

after the word "traffic," in the same line, to insert "distinguishing as far as possible, in the conclusions they arrive at, between the effects 

produced by the use of distilled or spirituous, as distinguished from 

the use of fermented and malt liquors;" so as to read: 

It shall be their duty to investigate the alcoholic and f ermented liquor traffic 

distinguishing as far as possible, in tlie conclusions they a.rri ve at, between the effectS 

produced by the use of distilled or spirituous, as distinguished from the use of f er- mented or malt liquors, in its economic, criminal, moral, and scientific aspects, &c. 

Mr. THURMAN. It is not my purpose to make a speech on this 

bill, but I cannot help saying that, in my judgment, this commission, 

if appointed, will be productive of no earthly good. I have presented petitions asking for the appointment of such a commission, 

and I am as much opposed to intemper nce as any man can possibly 

be, and yet I do believe that the result of this commission, if it be 

appointed, will not add one particle to the light that 1re already have 

upon the subject-matter to be investigated. In the first place, let us see who will compose this commission. 

There is something a little curions about that. The bill is that there 

shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and con- sent of the Senate, a commission of fi...-e persons, neither of whom 

shall be the holder of any office of profit or trust in the General or a State government. What is the reason of that exclusion Y I really 

do not know, and am totally at a loss to conceive. Why it is that a person holding an office under the Federal or a State government is not 

qualified to inquire into the results of the traffic in ardent spirits, or in malt or vinous liquor, is-past my comprehension. But that prohibition perhaps is to prevent a multiplicity of offices. The usual objection to a multiplicity of offices is that that doubles salaries; but hero no saJ.ary is to be paid, so that I am totally at a loss to know why it 

is that all the officers down to a justice of the pea~ in the States, 

and all the officers of the FederaJ. Government , however competent 

they mi~ht otherwise be, are t o be excluued from this commission. 

That 18 the :fi.rst thing. Then comes : "The said commissioners 

shall be selected solely with reference to personal :fitness and capacity for an hone t, impartial, and thorough investigation, and shall 

hold office until their duties shall be accomplished, put not to exceed one year." And then the second section provides that they" shall serve without saJ.ary," and their jurisdiction extends over the entir 

territory of the United States; their inquiries may be anywhere and 

eveTywhere, employing a secretary at a compensation of 2,000 a year. 

Provision is made for the payment of their necessary expenses, but 

the commissioners themselves are to erve without any salary. Now, 

Mr. Pre ident, do we not know what kind of commission rs will be 

appointed' What :five gentlemen are there who will be found to serve on this commission, and perform all this duty which is required 

of them, except tho e whose convictions of the evQ.s of the traffic in 

spirits are so great that they are willing to devote their time and their means to this investigation, or who will be supported or receive some compen ation while thus devoting their time to it from some of the 

various temperance organiz&tions of the country! 

Why, .Mr. President, you might just as well put in this bill at once thattheofficersofthenationaJ.temperancesocietiesshallconstitutethis 

commission; for nobody but some very ardent temperance man, some one who believes that legislation ought to be provided perhaps of t.he 

most stringent kind in reference to this traffic will ser:ve on this uncom pensated commis ion, and incur all the labor and all the fi}xpenditure 

of time that will be required to do what this bill pt>I;~Jtemplates shall 

be done-that is, to make an honest, impartial, and ~hol,'ough inve('-

tigation. Therefore, I say that we shall get not. one particle of.~ 

that we have not already, for the very same gentlemen who will com- pose this cornmis ion are the men whoforyeairs have oeen with great industry laying before their countrymen the evils that result nom the traffic in intoxicating liquors, and they can do nothing more than 

compile their old reports or gather here and there some other infor.:. 

mation upon the sub,ject, not new in its character at all, not in the 

slighte t degree difrerent from that which baa abea.dy been laid 

before the country. 
1874. ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD. 1829 

That being the case, as there is nothing in this bill that will bring 

before us one single foot, on~ single thought, one single suggestion 

which is not already familiar to everybody who has looked into this 

subject, the sole object of this bill must be by presenting here in Congress, through a commission created by Congress, statl.Stics on this 

subject, to invoke the interf~rence of the General Government in a matter which heretofore has been considered by all parties to belong 

to the several States so far as the States themselves were concerned 

within the territory of the States, and not to the General Government. Of course we might legislate in respect to these matters in the 'Territories and in the District of Columbia, and we might, properly 

enough, or lawfully enough, or constitutionally enough, gather information upon the subject, in order to enable us tq legislate in the Territories or in the District of Columbia; but is there a man on this floor 

who needs any of this information in order to tell him what laws it 

would be well to pass on this subject, if any, either in the District of 

Columbia or in the Territories of the United States Y I venture to 

say not one; and therefore, although I repeat there is no man who 

deplores intemperance more than I do, there is no man who is, according to the best of his judgment, a better friend of temperance than I 

am, yet I do not like this bill, which is nothing but an entering-wedge 

to legislation by Congress which Congress ought not to indulge in at 

all, and which belongs to the several States; a bill to provide for a commission, the result of whose inquiries, I venture to say, and to 

say it with a good deal of confidence, will shed not one ray of light on this ques_tion that has not been shed before .. Mr. President, people have become jntoxicated as far back as history teaches us. The first signal event after the flood was t h at the 

great man who was saved from the wrath of the Almighty planted a vineyard and unfortunately got drunk ; and from that time to this men have suffered from the evils of intemperance; and it requires no commission in the middle of the nineteenth century, or the last quarter of the nineteenth century, to tell the American people, or any 

people, what are the deplorable evils that result from the excessive use of ardent spirits. No, sir; it cannot be for the purpose of acquiring knowledge that this commission is asked for. It is for the purpose of laying a foundation for Congress to assume a jurisdiction that 

belongs to the States, and that cannot be exercised by Congress without a violation of the rights of the States, and without, in my humble 

judgment, detriment to the very cause which these petitioners have so ardently and sincerely at heart. · Mr. FERRY, of Connecticut. Mr. President, when this bill was before the Senate on a former occasion I suggested that I should be 

unable to vote for it, ~pon the sole ground that the object of its introduction here was to lay the foundation of legislation by Congress 

in·reference to the liquor traffic in the States. I expressed no opinion 

whatever upon the propriety of prohibitory legislation by the States 

themselves within their own jurisdiction. The only opinion that I 

expressed was that such legislation by Congress would be a violation 

of the Constitution, and that this bill was an entering-wedge in that 

direction; and for saying ·t hat, a prohibitory convention in my own State has since decorated me with its censure ; the fact alone demonstrating that what I said wa-s true, that the object of the introduction 

of the bill was to lay the foundation of legislation which I b~lieve 

every Senator on this floor will agree would be unconstitutional. 

Now, sir, under such circumstances, however I might feel as to the 

expediency of prohibitory legislation by the States themselves, I 

could not, consistently with my well-known views upon the subject 

of extending the power of the Federal Government over the States 

and State internal police beyond its constitutional functions, assent 

to the passage of such a bill as this. The bill is founded .upon petitions which ask for this investigation, expressly, as they say, for the 

purpose of laying the foundatiOn of such legislation, and the bill 

after the information has been gathered as to the effect of prohibitory legislation in the several States, requires the commissioners to 

report the results of their investigation to the President for·the purpose of being transmitted to Congress. · Now, sir, I do sympathize with these petitioners. I do not think 

that any man with a clear intellect and with a heart in his bosom can consider the sweeping flood of intemperance that is pouring over this land, carrying devastation and ruin before it everywhere, without wisliing that some method could be devised which would be 

sufficient to stay its desolating course; but at the same time to attempt to accomplish eveu this most beneficent result by methods 

destructive of the fundamental principles of our federative system, 

to lay that system, or help to lay that system, in ruins, in times like 

these, is something which I cannot bring myself to do. All the efforts 

which ha.ve been made since the close of the war to extend the legislative jurisdiction of Congress have 'been begun by commissions of inquiry in relation to matters always supposed to belong properly to the 

States, until within the la-st few years; and, believing that all we enjoy 

under this blessed Government of ours is at lastowingto our federative system, which protects the citizen primarily by the exercise of the 

functions of local self-government by the States, I am unwilling to 

do anything ~hich shall assist the tendency of the present time to 

increase Federal jurisdiction at the expense of the proper functions 

of the States. Now_z as before, I express no opinion whatever upon 

the expediency of l:State laws prohibiting the traffic in intoxicating 

liquors for the purpose of suppressing intemperance. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. TheSenatorwillsuspend. The morning,hour having expired, the Senate resumes the consideration of t he 

unfinished business, which is the bill known as the centennial bill. 

Mr. WRIGHT. I appeal to the Senator from Pennsylvania to let us take a vote on this bill and get it out of the way, unless some Senator is disposed to debate it further. I should like to do so myself, 

but I will waive it and ask for a vote. 

Mr. CAMERON. If a vote can be taken without debate I will not 

interfere with it. · 

The PRESIDENT P'I'O tempm·e. If there be no objection, the pending order will be laid aside informally. . Mr. MORRILL, of Maine. I do not desire to debate this bill, but 

to propose a single verbal amendment. On line 11, of section 1, I move to strike out ''alcoholic," and insert "manufacture;" so as to 

read: 

It shall be their duty to investigate the manufacture of, and traffic in, ardent 

spirits. 

The PRESIDENT p1·o te1npore. There is an amendment now pending of the Senator from New Jersey, [Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN,] which 

the Secretary will report. 

The CHIEF CLERK. The pending amendment to the first section is 

to insert the words "and fermented," after the word "alcoholic;" so as to read," to investigate the alcoholic and fermented liquor traffic," &c. 

Mr. MORRILL, of Maine. I have no objection to that. Let that 

be adopt.ed. 

The PRESIDENT p1·o tempm·e. The question is on this amendment 

to the amendment. The amendment '5o the amendment was agreed to. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. There is another branch of the 

amendment of the Senator from New Jersey still pending, to insert 

after the word "traffic" the words, "distinguishing as far as possible, 

in the conclusions they arrive at, between the effects produced by the use of distilled or spirituous, a-s distinguished from the use of fer- mented or malt liquors." 

The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. Mr. MORRILL, of Maine. I now move to strike out "alcoholic" 

and ta insert "manufacture." 

Mr. WRIGHT. Let me suggest to the Senatorfrom Maine whether 

he will not reach his object if he says "alcoholic liquor traffic and 

manufacture." 

Mr. MORRILL, of Maine. That will be the same thing. That 

language is preferable. I move t hat amendment to the amendment. 

The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. There is a still further amendment 

offered by the Senator from New Jersey; which will be read. 

The CHIEF CLERK. The proposed amendment is at the end of the 

first section of the committee's amendment, to insert: 

And the effect produced by such legislation upon the consumption of distilled or spirituous liquors and of f ermented or malt liquors. · 

The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. 

Mr. BAYARD. I move to amend by inserting in line 11 of the first 

section of the committee's amendment, after the words "traffic and 

manufacture," the words, "having especial reference to revenue and 

taxation." 

The PRESIDENT pro tempm·e. The question is on the amendment 

of the Senator from Delaware to the amendment of the committee. 

The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. 

Mr. BAYARD. I move further to amend by inserting at the end 

of the first s~ction of the committee's amendment as amended the · following : 

And also ascertain whether the evil of drunkenness ha~ been decreased or increa~ed thereby; whether the use of opium as a stimumnt and substitute for 

alcoholic drinks haa become more general in consequence of such legislation; and whether public morals have been improved or hypocrisy and dissembling encouraged th&eby. It shall also be the duty of said COID.IIllSSioners to gather information and take testimony aa to whether the evil of drunkenness exists to 

the same extent or more so in other civilized countries, and whether those foreign nations that are considered the most temperate in the use of stimulants are so through prohibitory laws, and also to what degree prohibito:r:-y legislation has 

afected the consumption and manufacture of malt and spirituous liquors in this 

country. 

Mr. WRIGHT. I trust that it will be voted down. 

The PRESIDENT p1·o tempCYre. The question is on the amendment 

of the Senator from Delaware to t.he amendment. 

The question being put, a division wa~ called for. 

Mr. BAYARD. Before the question is decided, I should like to ask 

whether it is now plainly proposed to examine·one side of this question, and not all. If it is intended to procure statistics to be of any 

value, to be of any authority, the commisbioners must tell the whole 

truth. A half truth has been well said to be worse than a whole lie. Now if you have statistics in regard to any question prep ed, so a-s to 

state the facts only with reference to one side of that question, you 

will have a half ~ruth, which will be worse than a whole falsehood. 

Why should gentlemen object to the entire truth on a question so important as this' There is no man in this Chamber who believes it to 

be more important than I do; there is no.man who can be more interested on this question than I am; but when we have light shed on it, 

why shut out any light from any quarter, or from any state of facts 'I 

Do gentlemen who favor the bill fear the result of the answer to such 

inquiries as I have named Y Are they of the belief that abstinence 

from alcoholic stimulus forms the sole virt'lle of the world t Are thev 
1830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. FEBRUARY 27, 

disposed to shut out the fair balance of facts in regard to a subject so important as this Y • I stated yesterday my reasons for opposing this whole commission, 

upon no less ground than wa,s well stated by the honorable Senator 

from Connecticut [Mr. FERRY,] who addressed the Senate a few 

minutes since, tha't if the commission, and if tb?-s me~-sure1 does not 

absolutely propose legislation of Congress on this subJect, It looks to 

it and it can have no other pretext than subsequent action by Con- g~ess when these statistics shall have been returned to us: If w~ are to have any information, let us have it all, and not have It o!le-sided · to suit the views of one class of people, and those who consider but one side of the subject. Mr. BUCKINGHAM. I hope the amendment will not be a:dopt~d. 

The proposition is, as I under~tand it, ~o inqiD:e how far certam leg~slation has encouraged hypocnsy and dissembling, and t? have a _report as to that fa-ct made to this body. It seems to me that if there IS anythinu outside of the jurisdiction of this body, it is the very inquiry 

here0 proposed. I do not know why you should not make inquiry 

whether the creation of an office, and the appointment of an officer to 

fill that office, is not a cause of dissembling. I do not believe that is 

the kind of logic that should be employed here. I hope the amendment will not be adopted. - Mr. WRIGHT. I trust we shall have a vote now, Mr. President. 

Mr. CONKLING. I should like to hear the amendment read. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The amendment to the amendment 

will again be reported. 

The Chief Clerk read the amendment of Mr. BAYARD. 

Mr. SHERMAN. I suggest to the Senator from Delaware that he 

strike out that clause which seems to impugn the motives of those 

who have charge of this movement, by insinuating that _they are guilty of hypocrisy, &c. It seems to me that language 18 rather 

offensive. Mr. BAYARD. If Senators really consider that that is a rebuke of 

any kind, when it is_ a simple inquiry whe~her cer~ain legislation has 

caused it or not, be It so. In my own belief, I Will frankly say that 

all this coercion in regard to individual ta-stes an?- habits ?-oes lead to 

secrecy and to a secret performance of tho e things which are not 

wTOng per se. But I am disposed to yield to. the wishes of ~e~ators, 

for I desire to make my amendment practicable. I am willing to 

strike out the words objected to if doing so will carry the rest of the 

amendment. If we are to have this inquisition, if we are to have this 

commission, I desire simply that the report shall be a.s full as possible, 

and shall not be one-sided or relate simply to one class of facts. I am a disbeliever entirely in this system of coercive legislation. The 

experience of my life has made me so. I believe that the more open, 

the more candid, the more above-board a man and a people can be, the 

better chance is thei·e for you to rectify their eiTors and their ~st~ke . I think if men can but be encouraged to an open avowal of their VIews, 

if there can be but candid statements by a man to his fellows, there is a chance to reconcile disagreement, and there is a chance to bring a bon t 

reform in many matters. Mr. CONKLING. Will t he Senator allow me to make a suggestion¥ 

:Mr. BAYARD. Certainly. 

Mr. CONKLING. I have been looking at the amendment, and I 

suggest to him that dropping four words, or perhaps five, will not 

change the aubstance or sense at all. Mr. BAYARD. The Senator refers to the words about dissimulation and hypocrisy. 

Mr. CONKLING. I do. :Mr. BAYARD. I have no objection to striking them out. 

Mr. CONKLING. They can be dropped without materially affecting the sense. Mr. BAYARD. I have indicated my willingness to drop them out. 

:Mr. SHERMAN. I desire to say but a word in regard to this matter. I am in favor of the broadest possible inquiry; and I see no objection to the whole of the amendment of the Senator from Delaware, except that clause which seems to impute improper motives to 

those who have supported this honest effort to prevent the aclrno~ledged evils of intemperance. I will vote for any amendment which 

will broaden this investigation and make it fair, and one that p~ople 

can rely on. I hope with that modification the amendment will be 

adopted and this bill gotten out of the way. Mr. SCOTT. This bill came from a committee of which I am a member, and of course it would be my duty to endeavor to have it 

passed. I desire to have it passed; but it _is e~dent t:J;tat th? expe?-

tation of the Senator from Iowa to pass 1t Without discussiOn thl8 

morning cannot be successful; and if there is any further debate on it., I shall call for the regular order. 

Mr. WRI6-HT. I think we are just on tbe point of disposing of 

the bill, if the Senator from Pennsylvania will allow it to be done. Mr. SCOTT. If there can be an immediate vote, I do not object; but if there is to be any further discussion, I shall call for the regu- lar order. Mr. THURMAN. I want one minute. 

Mr. SCOTT. I call for the_ regular order. Mr. THURMAN. When I say a "minuteis" I mean a minute. 

Mr. SCOTT. It will provoke somebody e e. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Pennsylvania calls for the regular order, which is the centennial bill. 

AMENDMENT TO AN APPROPRIATION BILL. 

Mr. WEST submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 

him to the bill (H. R. No. 1009) making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June _ 30, 1875, ~?- for 

other purposes; which was !eferred to the Committee on Military 

Affairs, and ordered to be prmted. · 

MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. 

A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. McPHERSON, 

its Clerk, announced that the House h!:!-d passed the following bills; 

in which the concurrence of the Senate was requested : A bill (H. R. No. 2-213) granting a pension to Mrs. Cynthia McPher- son mother of the late General James B. McPherson ; A bill (H. R. No. 220 ) authorizing the President to reinstate George 

M. Book on the active list of the Navy ; · A bill (H. R. No. 2-209) granting a pension to f.ouisa H. Canby, 

widow of the late General E. R. S. Canby; 

A bill (H. R. No. 2212) granting a pension to Mrs. Margaret S. 

Meade, widow of Major-General George G. Meade; 

A bill (H. R. No. 64) re toring ~he pension of Fr!l'nces C. Elliott, 

widow of Commodore Jesse D. Elliott, late of the UmtedStatesNavy; 

A bill (H. R. No. 519) to grant an American register to the Canadian 

tug Noah P. Sprague; and 

A bill (H. R. No. 2206) to grant an American register to the bark 

.A.zor. CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 

The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the consideration of the bill (H. R. No. 1394) in relation to the centennial exhibition. 

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment. Mr. CAMERON and Mr. SUMNER addressed the Chair. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Pennsylvania. 

Mr. CAMERON. I give way to the Senator from Massachusetts. I understand he is prepared with a speech. Mr. SUMNER. No. 

Mr. CAMERON. I always like to listen to him, and I will see what 

he has to say before I say anything in defense of the mea.sure . . Mr. SIDINE~. I send to the Chair an amendment to strike out all 

after the enacting clause, and insert-- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The words proposed to be inserted 

will be read. 

The Chief Clerk read a.s follows : 

That the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence should be national in character, so as fitly to commemorate the beginning of the American Republic ; and that its further conduct should be left in the bands 

of the commissioners appointed under the act of Congress approved March 3, 1871, 

subject to the condition expressly set forth in such act, ''that the United States 

shaii not be liable for any expense attending such exhibition or by reason of the 

same." 

Mr. SUMNER. I am often struck by the vicissitudes of business 

and debate in this Chamber. For weeks the Senate has been engaged 

in considering the financial condition of the country, where, amidst 

great divergence of opinion, all have been anxious to help the Treas- ury. And now, leavin~ this subj ect unfinished, a bill is interjected, 

whose practical object 1s to commit Congress to a s~~eme whir:h ~ 

cost millions of money. I cannot err when I say millions. This Will 

appear in the brief explanation which I now make. Certain gentlemen in Philadelphia, to whom I refer with respect, 

conceived some time ago the idea of commemorating in that city the 

hundredth anniversary of American Independence. The idea was excellent, and the place selected was peculiarly proper; for in Philadelphia sat the Continental Congress which put forth the great Declaration. 

Too much cannot be said in favor of thi& commemoration. The 

4th of July. 1776, in Philadelphia, witne sed not onl the beginning 

of the American Republic, but also tbe beginning of Republican 

Institutions on earth. Down to that date no Republic had existed 

founded on tbe two distinctive principles announced by our fathers, 

that all men are equal in rights, a,nd that just government tands only on the consent of the governed; nor had any such Repub~c been 

described by historian or philosopher. Greece and Rome, Veruce and 

Genoa, were Republics~ name only._ How feeble t~e specu~a_tions of 

Sidney and of Monte qweu by the Side of the p~eclSe defh:;ntion fir~t 

enunciated by our fathers ! Pardon me for calling attention to this 

contrast. I do it, because I would not fail to impress upon you tho 

peculiar grandeur of th~ anniver ary, marking, I rep_eat, not ?nlY_ the 

beginning of the Amencan Republic, but of Republican .J?stitutions on earth; marking one of th greatest epochs of h~an histo~y. 

In this statement I do not exaggerate. Only a sligbt acquamtauco 

with the time shows that the day was so regarded by many contemporaries, whose liberal pirit enabled them to discern historical 

events in the light of rea on. Of these I select John Adams, who e remarkable words, early and late, show rp.ore than tho e of any other perso~ the magnitude of the occasion .. Je~?rson, who stated the ~reat 

principles so well, wa a le s prophetic sp1r1t. Who does not thrill &t 

the words of John Adam , written at tbe time : 

yesterday the sa test question was decided which ever was debated in America, 

and a greater, per s, never was nor will be decided. among m.en_ * * * I a~ 

surprised at the sud enness as well as &'reatness of this revolutJ.on_ .. * "" It 1s 

the will of Heaven that the two countnes should be sundered forever. 
1874. CONGRESSiONAL RECORD. 1831 

Then, as the toil and blood and treasure it will co t to maintain the 

Declaration rise before him, the prophet exclaims : 

Yet through all the gloom, I can see the ray of ravishing light and glory, and 

that posterity will triumph in that day's transaction. 

In harmony with this inspired declaration was John Adam to the 

end. In 1780 he foretold the spread of the English language so that 

it would be the language of the world, under impulse from America; 

and in 1787 he foretold that our thirteen governments were" destined 

to spread over the northern part of that whole quarter of the globe," 

being North America. At the same time he let drop other words, 

showing how the future of the Republic filled his sonl: 

A prospect into futurity in America.is like contemplating the heavens through tho 

telescope of HerscheL Objects stupendous in their magnitudes and motions strike us from all quarters and fill us with amazement.-Defense of American Oonstitution Works, vol. 6, p. 218. 

In the same spirit the same prophet wrote to Thomas Jefferson, 

November 15, 1813: 

Many hundred years must roll away before we shall be corrupted. Our pure, virtuous, public-spirited, federative Republic, will last forever, govwn the globe, and 

introduce the perfection of ma.n.-Jefftrson's Oomplete Works, voL 6, p. 258. 

And yet, again, when life wa!'l still more advanced, and he wore the crown of years, he wrote to H. Niles, February 13, 1818 : 

The American Revolution was not a common event. Its effects and consequences have already been awful over a. great part of the globe. .And when and where are they to cease 1- Works, voL 10, p. 282. 

The effects awful, and when and where are they to cease f In such 

words this gieat prophet testified to the day we are about to celebrate. 

I adduce these utterances to show how completely and severely 

national is the anniversary; how it grows out of the opening prologue 

of our history; how, therefore, it should be kept in constant subjection to the genius of that day. Such, I am persuaded, wa.a the original 

idea; such, I am sure, was the idea of the Senate when it adopted 

the first bill on this subject. Attention ha been called to the language of that bill, ina.amnch as it uses the term "international," as well as "national." But it is impossible to read that bill carefnlly 

without seeing that its rnling idea was the celebration of the hundredth birthday of the American Republic, and the beginning of it.a 

great example. So far aa the "international" element is introduced, it is only as an incident to the great principal. So little was this re- garded at the time-so entirely was it absorbed in the national 

character of the celebration-that it made little or no impre sion, 

while Congress expressly .guarded against any expense on account of 

the exhibition. And in fulfillment of this idea the commissioners 

have already voted that the exhibition shall herrin on the 19th of 

April, the anniversary of Lexington, and close on the 19th of October, 

the anniversary of yorktown-thus by metes and bounds of time 

marking ostentatiously the national character of the occa ion. 

To show how plain this is in the statute, please consider its precise 

language. And here I begin with the preamble. In early days of 

parliamentary history the preamble played a ~reatpart. Some preambles are eloquent morsels of history and style, and I am disposed to 

place this among them. It begins : 

Whereas the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America was prepared, signed, and promulgated in the year 1776, in the city of Philadelphia. 

This statement doubtless was to secure the celebration for Phila~elphia. It then proceeds : 

And whereas it behooves the people of the United States to celebrate, ~Y appropriate ceremonies, the centennial anniversary of this memorable and decisive event, 

which constitutea the 4th day of .July, 1776, the birthday of the nation. 

It will be observed ·how distinctly we are reminded of the birthday 

of the nation to be celebrated by appropriate ceremonies-all of which 

is national, and not international. Then follows : 

And whereas it is deemed fitting that the completion of the first century of our national existence shall be commemorated by an exhibition of the natural resources of the country and their development, and of its progress in those arts which benefit 

mankind, in comparison with those of older nations. 

Here yon will see how the products of older nations are treated as a mere incident to the exhibition, which is essentially national. The 

preamble then proceeds : 

And whereas no J?lace is so appropriate for such an exhibition as the city in which 

occurred the event It is designed to commemorate. 

Thus again referring to Philadelphia as the proper place to com- memorate the great day. And then the preamble closes: 

And whereas, as theexhibitionshoul.Q. be a national celebration, in which the people 

~~ ~: U~~S~~ should participate, it should have the sanction of the Congress 

· Such is the preamble, being the key to the statute. Nothing here 

of an intern a tiona! exhibition. Nothing here of a World's Fair. Now, 

I ~sist that a World's Fair is something so well known in character, 

besides so large, so grandiose, so magnificent, that it is not to be inferred out of vague and uncertain language. It must be specifically 

named and described. 

Th~ .Purpose of. Congress is still further apparent in the express conditions of section 7: · 

That no compensation for services shall be paid to the commissioners or othtlr 

officers provided b~ this act from the Treasury of the United States; and the United 

States BhaU not be liable for any expenses attending sw:h 1%1ihibition or by reason of the 6G'Ine. 

Language could not be stronger to relieve the United States of all 

liability, and tothrowit ab olntelyupon the commissioners underthe 

act. I remember well the passage of this bill, and I know what was int-ended, for I drew the e words myself. They were meant to be 

notice to all concerned that the United States would assume no pecuniary responsibility in the premises. Such was the beginning of this busines . But after awhile the com. memoration of American Independence and t-he national birthday, 

which so filled the soul of the elder Adams, was not enough for our commissioners, and t hey undertook to supplement the national celebration by. a.World's Fair. To my mind one of the eis enough for 

any COJIIIDJ. s10n. The two together are too much. They are more than any commission ought to undertake. But this is a mild state- ment. The two are essentially separate and distinct in character, 

being inharmonious, inconsi tent, and incongruous. The two do not 

go together naturally, and yet they are to be put together. They will 

be no better than twins botmd together by an unnatural ligament so as to be a constant burden to each other-of which those now on the 

table of the surgeons in Philadelphia are the unhappy prototype- each stunting and dwarfing the other. One is essentially national and uome ·tic; the othe'r international and cosmopolitan. One is for the 

American people; the other for all people. One is to exalt Republi- can Institutions and advance their prede tined swav; the other is to 

court and win the monarchies of the Old World to appear at our great 

banquet, and to swell its pomp. 

I see now the stately proces ion a it files into the historic Hall at 

the opening ceremonies. There is England, the workshop and counting-house of the world, to whom we are bound by two great ties of 

relationship, blood and commerce; herQueenappearson the anniverary of Lexington, and taking a seat on the penitential benche , listens 

to the 9reat Declaration, while it acyaigns her grandfather, George 

III, a.a 'a prince whose character is marked by every act which may 

define a tyrant;" and there the Queen sits until the anniversary of 

Yorktown. France is there also, the original ally by who e blood and 

treasure Independence wa a sured, who witnessed in her own fearful Revolution the first-fruits of our , and at her head is a military 

President, a believer in monarchy, who does not willingly listen to the 

praise of Republican government. I ee Spain also, not to be forgotten as an ally of our fathers, tardily lending her fleets, with a manly, 

generous people, and at her head is another military Presiuent, with no love for the Republic. I am glad to recognize Italy, the home of art 

and the land of history, making her forever in1eresting; and this an- cient new-born nation appears by two sovereigns, Victor Emanuel, her 

King, believing in kings, and the Pope, Pius IX, who never fails to 

give his prayers and sympathies to kings. There also is Germany, 

whose commanding po ition in the civilized world is a sured by her 

p en, mightier even than h er sword, and who e children are our fellowcitizens; and this great Power nppears by her Emperor, who believes 

in the "right divine,' and in token thereof, at his coronation as Prussian King, allowed no hand but his own to place the crown upon his 

sac_red h~ad. .Aus.tria is by _the side of Ge~any, with ancient prejudices diS olvmg rn the sunlight of modern Improvement, and with a Hungarian rebel as Prime Minister, and tl.l.is nation, still great, though 

shorn of former proportions, appears by her Emperor, the representative in blood and place of his progenit-or Joseph II, who, declining to 

meet Franklin, said, "My business is to be a royalist." 'l'here also are Belgium, Holland, Denmru:k, and Sweden, each with a King. And 

there also is Russia, our traditional ally, whose growinrrcivilization is 

illnstratedbyagreatactofEmancipationandEnfranchi'sementalways 

to shine in the history of the human family, and t his wicle-sprea-d 

Empire appears by her Czar. Behind are Turkey and Errypt, each 

like ~he lion in Paradise "pawing to O"et free its hinder parts~-one appeanng by the Ottoman Sultan, and the other by its K.hedive·rejoicil;tg in his wealth and in his new-found title of unrepublican sover- eignty. 

All these take their places on the 19th of April, not to move till 

the 19th of October. Such at least is the programme; such is the 

idea of the pending bill. Just in proportion as they fail to appear 

will there be disappointment if not loss. If not in pe.rson, then by 

plenipotentiary will they all appear; but the plenipotentiary, while on this service, is the sovereign. But will they appear Y Should we invite them to appear Y 

I may err; but to my mind it is plain that the proposed combination is a mistake which, if persisted in, must end in detriment to the 

anniversary and to the World's Fair. If one -gains the other must 

suffer. Now, I do not mean to say that the people will not come from 

foreign lands. I believe they will, and with them artists and artisans or their· works. · 

~h. THURMAN. Will the Senator allow me to interrupt him 

there! 

Mr. SUMNER. Certainly. 

Mr. THURMAN. The Senator says he does not say these artists and 

artisans will not come. Has he any idea that they will come unless 

theii· governments accept the invitation; and what is the prospect of other zover~ents accepting the invitation: seeing that the invitation was g1ven eight months ago and but one great power, to wit, Germany, 

has so far accepted Y 

Mr. RAMSEY. At this point, with the permission of the Senator 

from Massa-chusetts, I will send to the desk a dispatch which I have 

just received this morning, announcing the acceptance by Sweden of 

the invitation. · 
1832 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. FEBRUARY 27, 

Mr. THURMAN. Sweden is not one of the great powers, though 

a highly respectable one. Mr. SCOT£. Will the Senator from Ohio permit me to state- - . :Mr. SUMNER. If the Senator will pardon IIJ.e, I would rather proceed. 

Mr. RAMSEY. I hope the Senn.torwill allowthn,t dispatch to be read. 

Mr. SUMNER. I have no objection. 

The Chief Clerk read as follows : STOCKHOLM, February 27, 1874. 

To Senator RAMSEY, WaBhington: 

Diet enthusiastically passed Philadelphia. exhibitor appropri:l.tion. Reference in 

the discussion to your motion. 

.ANDREWS. 

:Mr. SUMNER. That does not shed much light on the question. 

[Laughter.] 

Mr. CAMERON. Mr. President- - 1 

1\Ir. SUMNER. Will the Senator allow me to go on f 

ltlr. CAMERON. Certainly; if the Senator will not allow mo :1 word 

at this point. Mr. SUMNER. I would mther proceed. 

Mr. CAMERON. Very well. , Mr. SUMNER. Sweden is a. power for which I have great respect, 

a!l?- her. ruler I ~ow to be enlightened, while her most distinguished 

mtizen lS one With whom I had the good fortune to form rehtions of 

friendship here in W n.shington which will last a-s long as life. I therefore cannot refer to Sweden except with respect and honor. But 

Sweden does not lead the European household; Sweden does not sit 

at. the head of the fea t.. All her present respectability, all the mem- ones of Gustavus Adolphus and Gustavus Vasa, are in vain to place 

her now in n,uy commanding attitude. But does Sweden know the 

terms of this proceeding ' Does she know the twin character of the 

day, that we are to celebrate the beginning of Republican Institutions, while at the same time we proclaim a World's Faid 

When interrupted I was remarking that I did not doubt that many 

ar_tists and arti~ans would come; and I was about to add that they 

will not move m full force except under the quickening influences 

of_ European. governments, inspired by kindly sympathy. All this 

will be especially needed to counteract the impediments of distance 

and also the smaller tempt.1tion to exhibitors from the comparativ~ smallness of population. At the World's Fair of London Paris and 

Vienna, all Europe, with a population of two hundred a~d sev~nty­ fi.ve millions, .w.as present by daily visitors and witnesses, so that 

what was exhibited became known at once throughout that immense 

people. Here was a sphere by the side of which our forty millions 

must seem small. This difficulty can be overcome on our part only 

by superior effort and corresponding outlay of money. Are we ready 

for ~uch outlay¥ Thi~ outlay is enforced also by the examples of other 

nations, who have laVIshed large sums on the structures built for the 

occa-sion. Among the fine arts architecture is one of the most beau- tiful, as it is the most comprehensive, embracing all other arts especially design-painting, sculpture. Who does not see that a s~cture like this Capitol is a picture in stone--that it is poetry in stoneY But 

the edifice to receive the art treasures of the world must be a monu- ment kindred in character. There is another impediment, which is in the nature of a waminoo. 

Th~ :proposed fair will come only three years after that of Vienn~. This IS too soon for such an effort. A long9r interval is needed that 

there may be a new and full ~rop of inventions, of productio~, and 

of works of art. A World's Farr lS not an annual plant, flowering with 

the rose and the apple-tree. It requires time for its beautiful n,nd 

yariegated flower. Its stem must be large, healthy, and well nour- Ished by years. 

I am sorry to be obliged to say these things. I wish it were otherwise, for ~ haye m~ch rel!lpect and kindness for tho gentlemen now e~gageO: rn this busmess. But I find myself admonished by a resolution which has pas ed the Ma sachusetts senate, althou(J'h it has failed 

in the other hou e. I will read it: 0 

Resolved by the senate and house of representatives of Massachusetts in General 

Court assembld, Th..1>t, in view of the important part which Massachusetts performed 

in the events to be commemorated, both by the wisdom of her statesinen and the b~avery of her soldiers; in view of the intimate relations established in our early history between Mas achusetts and Penns:ylvania, our Senators and Representa- tives m Congress b e and are requested to give their support to all reasonable con- ~essional.appropriations which may be required to carry on the proposed centen- maJ. expOSltiOnI am sorry the English word "exhibition" was not usedin s'!"ch manner as to make it a complete representation of the var io'IU industries of the 

natwn, and a worthy tribute to those great 71W'TI. who secured for us the inestimable blessings of a free republic. 

In the conclusion of the senate of Massachusetts I concur. They say nothing in favor of a World's Fair, while they r~joice in the 

proposed commemoration of the national birthday. Pardon me if I 

adu to this authority the testimony of a private citizen in a letter to 

myself, who has given much attention to this subject: ' 

The centennial celebration of 1876 should be first and foremost, and I think it 

scarcely too much to say only, a grateful vindication of 1776. 

It should be ~everely ~nd granaly simple; not ostentatious or boastful. . It should be mexpenSIVE_I for a thousand obvio~ r~sons; but, above all, because 

1t does not become a nation any more t.han an mdividnal on the verge of bank· 

ruptc.y to be extrava_gant, especially at the moment when the attention of tho world 

1s IDVlted to the stuay and imitation of her methods of manauement. It should be national and not provincial. It should be so conducted that all and not a few only can participate in it. 

It should not involve t.he displacement of large masses of people which is peril- ous-to the heaJ.th, expansive, and more or less demoralizing. ' 

It should be free from every feature calculated to sectionalize or divide the 

country, and be so managed as to secure the greatest ~ossible harmony and una- nimity. It should be as educating and elevating in its influences as possible both 

in this and foreign countries. ' .All these results maY. be secured by proper instrumentalities. I think none of 

them will be if the Philadelphia scheme is encouraged by the Federal Government 

any further. Of the international part of it, the converting it into a European 

fair, with an American corner for Yankee notions, I will not trust myself to spenk. 

To all these considerations I add yet another. A World's Fajr is 

essentially governmental in character. Such it has been in other 

countries, and such, I fear, it must be in ours. The Government in- vit_es, the Gove~ment is host; the Government, therefore, must 

gmde and shape Its conduct, and must pay the expenses, as if it were the Army or Navy. Undertaking this service, it must determine 

where the fair shall be held- in which of the two capitals of the 

l!nion--;Washington, the political capital, or New York, the commer- cial capital. It must at once take charge of the enterprise, leavin(J' 

to our Philadelphia friends the commemoration of the great da.y and 

its marvelous fruits. But there is something easier and more practical. It is to bring 

the PhiL.1.delphia enterprise at once in subordination to the original 

idea-to abn,ndon the ex post facto substitute, and mn,ke the commemo- ration national and republicn,n. Two victories of principle I trust 

will swell the grandeur of the day: First, the return to sp~cie pay: 

ments, so that every citizen may have a piece of gold in his pocket · and secondly, the complete recognition of the equal rights of all s~ that the great Declaration may be no longer a promise only but alivfug 

reality. Then will the celebration be grander thn,n n,ny Roman triumph; grander than any Hebrew jubilee. ltlr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. President, I understand that this bill 

commits the nation to a considerable expenditure, a possible expenditure not to be reimbursed, of three or four millions of dollars. I have 

given the subject some reflection, and have for my elf coma to the 

conclusion that it is becoming and wise that the expense be incurred. We are not, I submit, on the verge of bankruptcy, as the communication read by the Senn,tor from Ma-ssachusetts [Mr. SUMNER] intimated. 

And unless my ·friend who sits beside me [Mr. CAMERON] shall suc- ceed, as I believe he will not succeed, in deranging the fi.nn,nces of 

the country, we are abundantly able to incur this expense. We may 

incur this expenditure if we are able to take one step beyond the 

absolute necessities of Government. 

lli. President, the event which we are called upon to commemorate 

all recognize as one of the greatest events in the world's history a~ event interesting not alone to the people of this country butt~ all 

mankind; and it is dwarfing the subject to speak of 'the occasion and 

o£ our republicanism being merely domestic, as the principle of government by the people or of republicanism is cosmopolitan. It interests every being of our race. It is natural and commendable that our people s~ould desire to celebrate this great occasion, and it is 

most appropnate that they should wish to celebmte it in a manner that will enable mankind to join with them. 

I can understand, as has been suggested, that our rejoicings might 

not. be agreeable to the kings and potentates of the earth, and can believe that our abounding prosperity might excite their envy and 

that our bright future might invoke their jealousy; but not so 'with 

the people of other lands; not so with those who have felt the incubus 

of hereditary caste and servitude. They would join with us in our hallelujahs. Enamored with our well-ordered freedom they will go 

home to sow the seeds of blessing here gathered over the world. 

. Whether kings_ and emperors, princes an~ emperors, a,pprove or diSapprove, we will not be ashamed to proclaim our republican principles to the world. We will invite them to attend. They know w~at the entertainment is to be. If they are incapable of rejoicing 

~th .us over the progress of human liberty they can decline our inVItation. If they come, who can doubt that they will receive inspirations which will prove blessings to their own people ' 

Besides, 1\Ir. President, this exposition will be at once instructive 

and entertaining to the people of our country. Those who aTe accust?me?- to toil ?n shoJ? and field will at thi~ exhibition in a few days de- nve information which the wealthy obtam only by extensive travel• 

and wh~e advertising their own productions, they will be gathering 

suggestwns from the products and skill of other countries which will 

be advantageous to them and to our nation. Mr. President, before we vote on this question we should invoke for ourselves something of thA 

spirit of our fathers in "the days that tried men's souls." They hnll 

the spirit which led them,. without shield or protection, to meet tho 

flaming line of battle. 

There is value in :1 national sentiment, and to this end we should 

cherish our historic recollections. We, as a people, should cea e to 

refep to and dilate upon Greece and Rome, Thermopylm and Marathon, while we have a Bunker Hill, a Trenton, a Lexington, and a Concord of our own. We should gather our inspirations from our own Christian soil, rather than from the battered and tramped fields 

of heathendom. Let us celebrate this centennial in a manner becoming an epoch which is our own, and yet in which the whole world has an interest. 

It would be well, I think; before taking a vote that we should read 

that great state paper w.hioh proclaimed our oationa.i sovereignty to 

the world. Webster, I remember, represents John Adams as saying 

in Independence Hall, before the vote on the Declamtion of Independ- ence was taken, "Read iif, BTtJ art the. hearl: o.fJ the M"lily,. ndoJ e¥&ry 
1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 1838 

sword will be drawn from its scabbard, and the solemn oath be 

uttered, to maintain it or to die on the bed of honor. Send it to the 

pulpits; religion will approve it, and the lovers of civil liberty will 

cling to it, resolved to stand by it or fall with it. Send it to the public halls; let those hear it who heard the :first roar of the enemy's 

cannon; let those see it who saw their sons fall at Bunker Hill, at 

Lexington, and at Concord, and the very wa.llB will cry out in its 

favor." 

Mr. President, those men who pledged their lives, their fortunes, 

and their sacred honors, deserve that we should on this centennial occa- sion remember them, even should it cost the pledge or expenditur.e of a few thousand dollars. Out of respect to the national sentiment of 

the people of the country, we have no right to withhold that legislation which is necessary to enable them to give expression to their 

patriotic impulses. 

Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I regret very much that my physical 

condition may compel :m:e to forbear the utterance of some things 

which I would like to say to-day. I regret more that I am required 

to rise for the purpose of answering, to some extent at least, the ex- traordinary speech of my friend from Massachusetts, [Mr. SUMNER] 

upon this occasion. I listened with delight to his opening sentences, as I alwa.ys do when he commences upon that favorite subject of his, 

the Declaration of Independence. I knew we would he::tr from him 

the history of that sacred instrument, and I was not disappointed 

when he commenced with recounting how the principles which en- tered into it had their origin and their triumph. I always listen to him 

with pleasure when he speaks of that great charter which asserts the 

rights of conscience and the rights of labor, the 1ight of free men to 

choose their own institutions, to choose their own rulers, their own mode of worship, and to have in their own hands the products of their own toil, unless taken from them by their own consent. And when 

he was tracing it back to that desire of freedom which led men to 

flee from the forms of government which did not give them these 

rights, that persecution which gathered together in one advancing 

current the people of France and of England, of Scotland and of 

Ireland, of all the nations of Europe which-he prompts me to be classical-" Arethusa-like, plunged beneath the waters of the sea, and gurgled up again in li~ht and beauty at Plymouth Rock, and Bunker 

Hill and Yorktown' -when he commenced that eulogy, I was not 

ready for the lame and impotent conclusion which followed, that the 

triumph of the rights of conscience ::tnd the rights of labor were not 

to be celebrated in the land which they had made glorious, for fear it 

will cost something, some dollars, to be voted by the representatives 

of the forty million people who are enjoying those rights. 

But, ~fr. President, I came not here to indulge in any sentiments of 

this character. The people of the United States, the Senators present, 

need not any Fourth of July orations upon this occasion. Faneuil Hall 

and Independence Hall may have their inspirations upon the Fourth of 

July, as they have; but, sir, I came this morning expecting in a plain 

and candid way, to the extent to which my strength would enable me to do it, to examine this bill as a business question before the Congress of the United States; and I hasten to get to that point. I will 

call attention to the original act of the 3d of March, 1871, for the purpose of seeing what we have already done, of showing that; and if 

there ha.s been any mistake in the matter, any humiliating mistake, 

any mistake for which the Senator from Mass::tchusetts is now sorry, 

perhaps he is fully ::ts responsible for tha.t error as any member of this 

body or of the House. 

I hold in my hand the bill as it was reported from the Committee on Foreign Relations, on the 7th day of February, 1871, ::tt which 

time the Senator from Massachusetts was the honored head of that 

committee. I am glad he has referred to it, for he has informed us that the amendment in the bill is his work, drawn with his hand; so that it cannot be said this bill passed a-s a matter of form, without 

challenging his scrutiny. Besides, we all know that, as an industri- ous and conscientious legislator, no bill of any importance ever came from his committee unless he was satisfied with its provisions. What, 

then, is the first thing that attracts attention in this bill, thus re- ported from the committee of which the Sena.tor from Massachusetts was chairman T It is its title; and ~hat does it announce to all the 

world T 

An act to provide for celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of American 

Independence,_ by holding an international exhibition of arts, manufadnres, and 

products of the soil and mine, in the city of Philadelphia., and State of Pennsylva- nia, in the year 1!376. 

Now, 1\fr. President, there is the announcement, in the very title of 

the bill, "an internation::tl exhibition." If it wete such an incon- ~ruous affair a.s the Senator from Massachusetts now presents to us, 

if there were such objections· to it that an international exhibition 

coupled with a national exhib.ition is a monstrosity in politics, such a-s the Siamese twins were in nature, why was it that the keen intellect of the Senator from .Ma sachusetts did not point out this incongruity to the Senate, and save us thls humiliation f 

Mr. President, I listened with great pleasure to the statement of the 

Senator from 1\fassachusetts--

1\Ir. SUMl.~R. May I interrupt my friend Y 

Mr. SCOTT. I will yield when my friend shall have allowedmeto 

finish a sentence. 

Mr. SIDINER. Certainly. 

Mr. SOOTT. I will not follow his example; I will yield. 

I say I listened with great pleasure to him when he drew upon his 

im::tgination and furnished us the picture which he gave of the grand 

procession of the powers of Europe, and their rulers; and now, before 

I proceed to the use I propose to make of it, I willlisten to him. 

1\fr. SUMNER. I hope the Senator will pardon me. I did yield 

repeatedly a few moments ago; and why I declined at last was simply 

that I 'wished to hasten to the end. 

Mr SCOTT. The Senator declined my :firet request. 

Mr. SUMNER. I do not wish to interrupt the Senator. 

1\fr. SCOTT. The interruption is not at all disagreeable. 

Mr. SUMNER. But the Senator put me a question; he a-sked me why, with such a title, the bill came from the committee With which 

I was a-ssociated. The Senator knows full well that it wa-s a House 

bill · it came to the Senate and in the course of business was referred 

to the Committee on Foreign Relations, and there it was considered. 

No individual at that time suggested a world's fair. That subject was not referred to the committee. None of the gentlemen here rep- re enting Philadelphia made any such suggestion. Therefore the 

title attracted no attention. It was innocuous. It was uot of itself a grant of power; it did not of itself create a world's fair ; and all the 

atmosphere about the bill at that time was inconsistent with the idea 

of a world's fair. The idea of a world's f:l.ir was an after-thought, an ex post facto thought. 

Mr. SCOTT. The Senator from Massachusetts is such an accurate 

philologist that a few moments ago he was criticising the Legislature 

of his own beloved Commonwealth for using the word "exposition" 

instead of "exhibition;" and yet with thewqrds "international exhibition" in theverytitleofthe bill he seeks refuge iri the words "world's 

fair." We did not expect the barbarous nations of the world to eome, 

but we did expect all civilized peoples of the world to come; and d~s 

the Senator from Massachusetts wish us to understand tb:at tiiesa 

words "international exhibition" are repugnant to the othets which 

he now sees proper to use-" world's fair f" Language means noth:. 

ing if that title does not commit us to an international exhibition; 

and if that is not a synonym for a "world's fair," it is l:u-ge enough a-t 

least to embrace the civilized and intelligent world. 

I was proceeding when the Senator from Massachusetts intertupted me to say that I listened with pleasure to the learning which wa displayed in the magnificent picture that he drew of the procession of 

the kingdoms of Austria, and Prussia, and Great Britain, and Russia, 

and Spain, and many others, intersperRed with agreeable recollections, 

and disa,greeable ones, of the monarchs and the rulers of those coun- tries. I enjoyed the grand p:morama as it passed before me while he was marshaling the nations and sovereigns, while crowns and coro..: nets were glittering in the lovely light of a Fou.rth of July American 

sun; and I confess, Mr. President, after some of the sentences that 

had previously fallen from him, I was somewhat puzzled to ~ow 

whether the proce ion was drawn from Dant-e's Inferno or Milton's 

Paradise Regained, and I felt some apprehension as to whether he was going to land them in heaven or in hell. [Laughter and applause.) 

The PRESIDENT p1·o ternpo'l'e. Applause is out of order, and if 

repeated the Chair will order the galleries to be cleared. 

Mr. SCDTT. But, sir, I was more sUrprised when the Senator from 

M-aRSachusetts closed that argument by telling us that if these sov ereigns accepted a,nd came here, the eloquence of our orators would 

be palsied before them; that it would strike dumb tbe tongues that were wont to be eloquent in the vindication of republican principles. 

And this from the Senator from MassachusetU!! The advocates of 

republican institutions struck dumb because crowned heads, lords, 

marquises, earls, or baronets or their retainers were present to listen~ 

Why, sir: I was followinO' that procession in imagination. I trust - they will all come; and Ihope to see them marshaled inta Independ.: ence Squ:u-e, if it is big enough to hold them, and if we ever O'et 

them there I hope to see the Senator from Massachusetts there as the 

orator, :1t lea.st upon some occasion between the 19th of April and tlte 

19th of October, 1876, between Lexington and Yorktown and will 

his tongue f::til him in the advoc::tcy of republicanism because croWned· heads are present Y The memories of the past, the service of a who-le: 

life devoted to freedom, and the reputation which he looks for in 

po terity tell us, all these tell us, that we must forbid the as umption. 

He ha-s done himself injustice. His tongue would not qnail before 

the crowned heads of Europe, nor would the tongues of many othMs 

who, if less distin!!'Uished than he, have learned from him, during tho 

long time that he haa been in the Senate, to love freedom so well as to utter her gospel everywhere, whether men will hear or forbeaT. 

They live in ·a land where we have freedom to choose the worshiP of 

God and freedom, to resist the tyranny of man, and will not hesitate 

discreetly to do honor to the Constitution which gives us these rights, 

whether in the presence of serfs or titled royalty. 

I have been diverted, Mr. President, thus far in my remarks from 

pursuing the history of this bill of w,hich I was speaking. It was re- ported on the 7th of February, 1871. Now, what is its legislative 

history Y It came from the House, as is already stated. It watr not 

a Penn ylvania measure; it was not a Philadelphia measure- solely. 

I refer to its ori!rin, for I know something of it. The bill wa'B' intro- duced into the Houset it is true, by a Representative from Penn- sylvania,. not a. Philauelphian-a man who represented a district 

spanning the Alleghany Mountains, running across them to some distance on either side their base, and having his home on the western 

slope. He was a native of Maine, an ad.optedr an_honored1 and lin!~ 
1834 CONGRESSIONAL RE.CORD. FEBRUARY 27, 

orable son of Pennsylvania. He bore the same name as my honored 

friend who sits before me; I allude to Hon. Daniel J. Morrell, the 

Representative from the then seventeenth district of Pennsylvania. 

It was not a provincial measure; but on every feature of it was wr,itten, as broadly a..'lit could be, a national measure, and an international 

measure in the title of it. 

It came from the House, and was reported back to the Senate with 

but one amendment; and what was that T It was drawn, as we are now informed, by the pen of the Senator from Massachusetts, and 

that was, he added to the clause which prohibited payment to the 

commissioners authorized by that bill these words : 

And the United States shall not be liable for any expense attending such exhibition or by reason of the same. 

The very amendment suggested all the questions about national and 

international exhibition, and the Senator was the author of it. The 

bill came back to the Senate on the 7th of February, 1871, as I have 

stated; and it was considered upon several occasions. What amendments were offered to it! But one. No question wa made as to 

whether it should be a national or an international exhibition, except 

one by the Senator from Ohio who sits on my left, [Mr. THURMAN,] 

who made the inquiry whether it was to be an international exhibition or not l and he was referred to the bill, accordin~ to my recollection. The :::lena tor from New York, [Mr. CONKLING,] m remarks made 

by him, called attention expressly to the fact, so that the Senate 

might consider the importance of the measure which they were passing. I quote his words : 

If, however, the United States are to stand sponsor, if the celebration is to be 

national, if it is to be held under the auspices of the Government and patronized 

by the nation, then my honorable friend from PennsY.lvania ("Mr. CAMERON] will agree with me that care should be .taken to make It not only creditable, but to insure its being conducted in the best way. 

Attention was called to this fact; and attention being thus called 

to it, only one other question ·remained-where shall it be held Y The 

bill named Philadelphia. The Senator from New York moved to 

insert New York; and for some time after that motion was made discussion went on in this Chamber. While the discussion was progressing, the then Senator from Massachusetts, Mr. WILSo:N, in his seat 

suggested Boston, but he did not offer an amendment. The Senate 

had distinctly before them Philadelphia, New York, and Boston; and 

upon the vote being taken, New York was not adopted; Fhiladelphia was. Boston was not pressed, and if it had been, and adopted, is it 

too much to say that perhaps the resolution of the Legislature of 

Massachusetts might never have seen the light T And that resolution 

is the only excuse I can find to send down to history for the position 

taken by my friend this morning upon this bill. It is the only thing 

which will reconcile the glowing exordium upon the Declaration of 

Independence, and that peroration which concluded that it would cost 

too much money to commemorate the great event. Think of it," human 

rights" too light to be weighed in the scales against a few million 

dollars, the Senator from M~ssachusetts being judge I 

Thus, sir the bill passed, and what does it provide T Let us see. I 

do not wish to read the whole of it, but simply to refer to tho e things 

which must have fixed in the mind of the Senate the character of this 

exhibition. 

In the preamble of the bill what do we find t It is to be "an exhibition of the natural resources of the country and their development," 

and I shall save my friend's philological sensitiveness bysayingthat 

the Representative from Pennsylvania did use the word which the 

Legislature of Massachusetts omitted to use, and has shocked his 

sensibility by interpolating another-" an exhibition of the natural · resources of the country and their development, and of its progress 

in those arts which benefit mankind in comparison with those of older 

nations." 

Ho'Y' were they to be compared if they were not brought here 7 

Does 1t not all contemplate an international exhibition Y Then it 

goes further and says, that it is to be an international exhibition-in 

the :first section, "an exhibition of American and foreign arts, products, and manufactures shall be held, under the auspices of the 

Government of the United States." Now, what could be more decisive than these three things, an ''international exhibition" in the 

title; an exhibition of arts and products in comparison with those of 

older nations, an exhibition of American and foreign arts ; and all 

this under the auspices of the Government of the United States Y 

These three thin~s being determined, that there was to be an international exhibit10n of foreign products and arts under the auspices 

of the Government of the United States, there were only two questions left: where shall it be held, and by what means shall it be 

brought about Y The :first question was settled by :fixing Philadelphia, appropriately aa is stated by the President in his message, 

appropriately, I think, as was agreed by everybody; for when the 

vote came nobody even demanded the yeas and nays upon it. That 

it was to be national is apparent in every section of the bill. 

The third section provided for the appointment of commissioners 

by the Presidont upon the nomination of the governors of the States 

and Territories. 

The sixth section required the commission to report to Con~ess, 

and among the things to be reported to Congress are the followmg : 

The requisite custom-house regulations for the introduction into this country of 

the articles from foreign countries intended for exhibition, and such other matters aa in their judgment may be important. 

It is hard to see what custom-house regulations were needed if this 

exhibition were not to be interna.tional. 

Then it provided, in the eighth sectionThat whenever the President shall be informed by the governor of the State of 

Pennsylvania that!rovision has been made for the erection of suitable buildings for the purpose, an for the exclusive control by the commissiongiving national controlherein provided for of the proposed exhibition, the President shall throu~h the De~artment of State, make proclam:ttion of the same, setting forlh the time at which the exhibition will open, and the place at which it will be held· and he shall 

commnnica:te to the diplm;natic representatives of all nations co~ies' of the same, together With snch regulations a~ may be adopted by the commissiOners. 

¥r· President, if there had been an effort made to scatter all through 

this act of Congress from the beginning to the end notice to the nation 

notice to the world, that it was to be a national and an international. 

exhibition, I can hardly see how that effort could have been more suc- cessful. 

I shall endeavor now, sir, to proceed simply in the way of narration a to what followed the passage of this act. 

Of course the :first question that presented itself was, how is money 

to be procured for the purpose of making this exhibition succe sful'f 

After the lapse of one year, the gentlemen who had it in charge came to the conclusion that the only mode of making it successful was to 

apply to Congress for the charter of a board of finance, or a finance 

commission, as I believe it is termed. They did so; and it was proposed to raise the money necessary by the subscription of corporate 

stock, putting the estimate at ten millions, supposing that amount 

would be necessary. I may say here in pa sing, that the idea has never been held out by any one connected with this institution that 

this subscription of corporate stock was to be a speculation. I have 

been pre ent at some of the meetings that have been held· I have 

participated in some of them; and I know the gentlemen who have 

been invited to subscribe have been invited upon the assurance that no guarantee could be given of the return of one dollar; that it must 

take its chance of all the casualties to which such an exhibition 

would be subject-fire, :flood, storm, the breaking out of an epidemic or any of the numerous incidents which might interfere with its sue~ cess. 

That commission was formed, and they proceeded to apportion ~pon the population of the Unit~d S_tates the amount which they believed each State ought to contn butie for 'the purpose of raising that 

$10,000,000. I have here the apportionment which was made but I 

do not deem it neces ary to take up time in reading it. The a~ount apportioned upon the population of Pennsylvania was not. quite 

1,000,000-between nine hundred and fifty thousand and one million 

dollars. They proceeded to organize the commission and to organize 

a board of finance, and I wish here to say that it is composed of O'entlemen of the most faultless integrity, whose commercial and persgnal 

character is such as to give guarantee for the aill:ninistration of any 

~d that. comes _into the_ir hands. If any fund that may be appropnated, e1ther Wlth or Without governmental supervision, (and they are quite indifferent as to that but rather invite it,) if the whole fund 

received in any manner is not secure in the hands of these men then 

I agree that·instead of talking about celebrating the centennial' anniversary of independence, we ought to be talking about writing the 

epitaph of the nation. It is secure. 

But they proceeded; and the financial aspect of the case, as that is 

the one upon which I have been requested by some Senators to speak 

is this: The Legislature of Pennsylvania appropriated $1,000 000 t~ this enterprise; the councils of Philadelphia appropriated $500 000 · thus making a million and a half, with the stipulation that that' mil: ~on and a half wast? be used in the erection of a permanent buildmg, that was to remam upon the grounds as an art gallery, commemo- rative of this event-a memorial building. 

The finance commission then proceeded to canvass for subscription , and the citizens of Philadelphia and of the State of Pennsylvania subscribed about one million and a half more, thus making 

three millions, or nearly one-third of the whole proposed amount and 

three times_ the quota assessed upon the State of Pennsylvania. ' 

When this had· been done the governor of the Commonwealt-h was notified of it. The finance commission was proceeding to organize 

throughout all the States, and they expected to secure their subscriptions, although up to that time the other States had not responded. 

But with three millions certified to be secure within the know ledge 

of the gove~·nor, he gave the certificate required by the act of 1871 

to the President, and upon the 4th of July, 1873, the park commission of the city of Philadelphia formally delivered a conveyance of 

I believe, fo.ur hundr~d. and :fifty acres, or in that neighborhood, t~ the centenrnal comilllSSlOn, for the purpo e of the celebration. Therefore they have absolute and exclusive control of tho e four hundred 

and fifty acres of land, in the most magnificent park on this continent or in any country. The President then issued his proclamation· and now I come to that which is the occasion of the bill immediately before us. What was that proclamation 'f It recites these various 

acts, and it concludes thus: 

Now,.therefore, ~e it.known tha_t .I, Ullsses S. Grant, President of the United 

States, m conformity With the proVISiOns o the actof Congress aforesaid do h ereby declare and proclail:n that there will be held, at the city of Philadelphia, in the 

State of Pennsylvania, an international exhibition of arts, manufactures and prod- ucts of the soil and mine, to be opened on the 19th day of April alli:to Domin'l 

1876, and to be closed on the 19th day of October, in the same year. ' 
1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 1835 

And in the interest of peace, civilization, and domestic and international friendship and intercourse, I commend the celebration and exhibition to the peeple of the 

United States. 

Now mark it. 

although of that I am not certain-to London in 1851. Those governments did not pay the expenses of our comm.i.ssioners. If these dignitaries saw proper to invite them to dine, very well; and a comm.i.ssioner 

might feel good with his legs under the royal mahogany. If the 

And, in behalf of this Government and people, I cordially commend them to all President sees proper to invite anybody who comes here to dine, very 

nations who maY. be pleased to take part therem. * * * * ll B t •t · ll d ~ d b ~ .:~ th t 1a· bl" Done at the cttyof Washington this 3d day of Jnly,1873,andof thelndependence we · u 1 IS we un e.uruOO a rou.u a we are a P In, repu 1-

of the United States the ninety-seventh. can people ; that we do not expect to build palaces for the accommoThere, sir, is a commendation of this exhibition to other nations, dation of royal visitors; and if they see proper to come, they will 

and that was the extent to which the President deemed himself au- have good sense enough to put up with republican fare. 

thorized to go. Some nations, treating this as really an invitation, Mr. CONKLING. May I ask my friend a question at this pointf I 

have accepted it as such; not one power alone, as the Senator from am seeking all the informa.tion I can get. 

Ohio haa suggested. Mr. SCOTT. Certainly. 

Mr. THURMAN. The Senator will allow me to correct him. Mr. CONKLING. Does the Senator, by this part of his argument, 

Mr. SCOTT. Certainly; if I have made an error I wish to be cor- mean to convince us, or t.o declare his own opinion, that we shall be at 

rected. liberty hereafter to refuse to appropriate money to carry on this exhiMr. THURMAN. The Senator is certainly in error. He says that bition or expositionT Does he mean, by what he is saying now, to 

all the President has done is to issue his proclamation. So far from disabuse the Senate of the idea that, by adopting the pending bill, 

that, there was sent from the office of the Secretary of State-- Congress. will stand committed past recall to make such appropriaMr. SCOTT. I cannot read all · these papers at once. I will come tiona as shall turn out in the future t~ be necessary to accomplish 

to that-- this work¥ 

Mr. THURMAN. A direct invitation. Mr. SCOTT. The idea has been suggested that the amount of 

Mr. SCOTT. I will come to that, and to what the Secretary of State money that would be needed for this exhibition would be enormous. says on that subject. The Senator from Ohio may rest assured that It was stated, I believe, by the Senator from Massa~husetts to run I desire to get the whole subject before the Senate, and I shall be only from $5,000,000 to $15,000,000, and perhaps over that. I have been 

too glad, if I omit anything, to have his valuable aid in presenting combating the idea that this is to be a very expensive exhibition, 

whatever I omit. and that among the expenses to be defrayed by these commissioners 

That was on the 3d of July, 1873, the day before the formal transfer will be anything for hospitalities to be extended by the nation to 

of the grounds in Philadelphia to the commission. those who may see proper to come here. So far as Congress is already 

Now, sir, I come to what the Senator from Ohio refers to, to the committed, it is committed to an international exposition. So far as invitation, I suppose, as he terms it, dated July 5, 1873, issued from the expenses are concerned, it waa expected that they would be raised 

the Department of State. I do not wish to read it all, but I suppose by private contribution to this stock. But I was proceeding with an what the Senator refers to is this: · effort at order in showing the point at which we have arrived; and 

In the la.w providing for the holding of the exhibition, Congress directed that I will say to the Senator from New York now, that I think we have 

copies of the proclamation of the President, settinu forth the time of its opening arrived at that· point where Pennsylvania and Philadelphia have 

and the place at which it wa.s to be held, to~ether with such regnlations as might be done much, where the rest of the country has done comparatively OO.o~ted by the commissioners of the exhibition, should be communicated to the nothing, and where, if the international exposition is to fail, it will be ~~~=~epresenta.tives of all nations. Copies of those regulations are herewith because Congress now refuses to recognize the obligation which I 

The President indulges the hope that the Government of-- will be pleased to think they have incurred, to make this an international exhibition. 

notice the subject, anu may- deem it proper to bring the exhibition and its objects It may cost 3,000,000. That is fixed as the present amount needed to the attention of the people of that country, and thus encourage their co-operation for putting it in such shape as to make it beyond all controversy a. in the proposed celebration. And he further hopes that the Op:J?Ortunity afforded It t $5 000 000 lth h I d t •t will · by the exhibition for the interchange of national sentiment and frtendly intercourse success. may cos ' ' ' a oug O no suppose 1 · , m between the people of both nations may result in new and still greater OO.vantages addition to the receipts which will come in at the time of the exhibi- to science and industry, and at t.be same time serve to strengthen the bonds of tion, and which will be used in defraying a part of the expense. peace and friendship which alreooy happily subsist between the government and Mr. SARGENT. Do I understand the Senator from Pennsylvania 

people of-- and those of the United States. now to say that that is the amount to be appropriated by CongressNow, Mr. President, I ask the attention of the Senator from Ohio from 3,000,000 to $5,000,000 'f 

to the factthatthat is not an invitation sent by the President through Mr. SCOTT. I have understood, from very careful estimates made 

the Secretary of State to foreign powers, but it is a form of notice sent by the board of finance connected with this centennial exposition, 

bytheSecretaryofStateto our own foreign ministers, andinowfollow that if Congress will appropriate $3,000,000 at the present timeit with a letter of the Secretary of State which corrects a misappre- $1,500,000to bepaidduringthenextfiscalyear,and theother$1,500,000 

hension into which our own officers fell in construing that very letter, in the year following- that that will enable them to put this exhibf.:. 

and that is the occasion for this bilL I allude to circular No. 48, issued tiO'Il on such a basis as to insure its success, considering the additional 

by the Department of State, which haa been coinmunicated to the contributions they can thereby secure, the receipt of which they may 

president of the centennial commission. It is dated November 3, feel reasonably certain, and the proceeds of the buildings, which will 

1873, and is from the Secretary of State. I will read a portion of it : be removed after the exposition shall have tenninated. 

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, November 3, 1873. That I believe to be a fair and candid statement of the present 

To theDiplomatic Ojficers of the United States: financial position of the question as viewed by gentlemen who are conscientious on this subject, who wish to carry out the original na- GENTLEMEN: I re!!ret to find that misapprehension has arisen ina. certain quarter ti al d · te ti 1 ·a b t h d t · h to d d astothemeaningo¥ theproclamationof thePresidentof the 3d of Julylastrela.- on an m rna ona 1 ea, u w o o no WlS procee an tive to the centelinial exposition- make contracts for buildings and other expenses when they are not 

assured that the money will be in some manner forthcoming to 

My friend from Massachusetts will h:we to find fault in another discharge the obligations which they thus incur. 'l'hey are men of 

quarter. Here is "expo ition" again- mercantile and personal honor. They do not intenu to deceive the to be held in Philadelphia in commemoration of the Independence of the United nation; they do not intend to deceive anybody. They come here, 

States. It is therefore deemed necessary to make the following communicationfor after having made efforts such as I think very few privat"' citizens 

yonr~ob~~~:~~ ~~ili'::President in his rocla.mation ha.s extended no invi· have ever made at their own expense, such as very few citizens have 

tation to foreign powers to participate in the e~bition. He was not authorized so ever made at the cost of so much labor: for a great national purpose to do, and while he desires to attract as much attention and interest as possible of this character, candidly presenting this question to the Congress of 

thereto he carefully confines himself to "commending" the celebration of the cen- the United States, showin2: where we stand, showing that it was intennial anniversary of American Independence, and the exhibition which is to be ~ 

held in connection therewith, to all nations who may be pleased to take part therein. tended to be an international and national exhibition, showing what 

It is presumed that you will not have failed to observe the guarded lan!!'Uage of position they are in now financially, and leaving the question to Con- the President'-s proclamation, and the difference between it and that whiCh would gress of whether we will, after what ha-s occurred, withdraw this 

be used in extending an invitation to other powers. . quasi invitation which has gone out to the nations of the earth. -

~e proceeds to say the exhibition is not national in the sense of I have been auain diverted, :Mr. President; _and this is a very ram- bemg governmental, and to express the President's hope that foreign bling speech, and a much longer one than I either intended or expected 

powers will take interest and co-operate in the celebration. -to make. 

This is quite a lonu communication, but I have read enough to show Mr. NORWOOD. I desire to understand the exact position of the 

that the Secretary of State deemed it his duty to correct a misappre- Senator. I wish to know whether, in answet to the question put by 

hension into which our own foreign ministers fell in considering this the Senator from New York, the Senator from Pennsylvania takes the 

to be an invitation. ground that he considers the Government already committed to make ~ow, Mr. President, it is not proposed by this bill to extend an invi- an appropriation for the purpose of carrying on this exhibition 'f 

tatwn to all the crowned heads of Europe to come here and be enter- Mr. SCOTT. I consider the Government committed to make this 

tained a-s the guests of the nation. The nation is not to be the host a succe sful national and international exhibition. I think we can- in the enlarged sense in which the Senator from Massachusetts used not with credit to ourselves recede from the position which we have 

that term; but the intention is to extend an invitation to the people taken; and I am just coming to that point, if the Senator will perof those countries through and with the sanction of their govern- mit me. ments1 ~th the expectation that those governments will appoint Mr. NORWOOD. Allow me one word more and I will not inter- con:nnsswners to come and take charge of the interests of those of rupt the Senator further. Before he takes his seat I should like him, 

therr people who may see proper to participate, just as we sent com- as a good constitutional lawyer, to point out the authority under 

missioners to Paris in 1867, to Vienna. in 1873, and, if I mistake not- which he thinks we can make such an appropriation. 
1836 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. FEBRUARY 27, 

Mr. SCOTT. I trust my strength will enable me to respond to the 

S~natot. from Georgi.a; but for th_e present I pr~ceed with what I hav:e 

in hand. Before this proclamation had been ISsued, and before this 

letter of the Secretary of State, there had been some acceptances. 

/ The report of the president of the centennial commission states to US' 

that invitations have been accepted by the following nations, and these are all of them, except Sweden, whiJ:lh was announced this morning 

by the Senator frotn Minnesota-the German Empire, theN ether lands, 

Belgium, Mexico, Ecuador, and Hayti. 

Something was said about only one first-class power having re- sponded. Well, Mr. President, we do not expect this exhibition to be 

made up altogether of first-cla>Ss powers. Will the Senator from Massachusetts exclude from this grand centennial jubilee of freedom the 

dusky sons of Hayti if they come, because they are not a first-class 

powerf 

Mr. SUMNER. We do not invite them. 

Mr. SCOTT. If they come, I say; and, certainly, if we are to invite 

anybody they will be included within the broad ~erms of o.ur invitation. Here are Germany, the Netherlands, Belgmm, Menco, Ecuador, Hayti, and Sweden. If I had time to refer to statistical ta,bles I 

~ght probably sh.ow that th~~ ?ontain a very co~sidera~le propor- tion of the populatiOn of the mvilized world. I think I might show 

that we are now, by the acceptances of these invitations, in a position 

in which it would puzzle all the learning and all the eloquence and 

all the diplomacy of the Senator from Massachusetts to write a polite 

note to these people telling them not to come. I should like to see the phrase in which he would put it. An act of Congress for an international exhibition ; $3,000,000 subscribed by one Commonwealth; a deed made for four hundred and fifty acres of land upon which to 

hold it; the artisans of the Old World already makincr their preparations to bring their products here-many large man;rl'acturin~ establishmentshavegiven that notice already; six nations accepting the 

invitation. How Will the Senator from Massachusetts sit down, how 

will the Secretary of State sit down, to write to these governments 

and say, "True, you were bidden to this marriage feast of nations, 

but you must not come; we cannot afford it¥" 

Mr. President, the Senator from Vermont [Mr. MoRRILL] in his place 

yesterday, when the subject of money was started, made the very 

sensible remark that character was involved in this bill; and who will 

say it is notT National character; an invitation sent abroad to our consuls and ministers in such form that they considered it an invitation; these nations of the earth accepting it; then a letter from the 

Secretary of State saying, this is a misapprehension; it is only a; com- mendation, it is not an invitation. Then, the enterprise must break 

down, because at the time when it wa>S in the full tide of successful 

experiment, and the commissioners believed that success was within 

their ~ra>Sp, the panic came, and all the arrangements which they ha{]. 

ma-de ill all the other States were entirely frustrated. Had not the 

panic come in September, the movement inaugurated on the 4th of 

July, I feel satisfied, would have been successful before this time. 

The patriotism of the country assures us of that. Look at the res,olutions passed by New Hampshire; and, I believe, North Carolina; at 

the resolutions passed by some of the territorial Legislatures; a subscription sent here from the-far off Arizona; Oregon declaring ill favor 

of it; the eyes of the world turned upon our nation, because all our people who went to Vienna were speaking then of the exhibition in 

1876, and they were told that Europe would be represented here. 

With all this, are we to undergo the humiliation of saying that the 

people of the United States will not sustain their representatives in 

voting three, five, eight millions if necessary, for the purpose of com- memorating in a fitting wa"'f the centennial anniversary of the nation's 

birth! 

I am reminded by the Senator from Georgia that he would like to 

have more light upon the question of our power to appropriate this 

money. I am glad that he has put that question. I heard it suggested once or twice by others. I believe the clause of the Constitution was once quoted upou this question which authorizes Congress- . To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, topa.ythedebts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. 

I believe I have heard the construction which the Senator from Ohio 

[Mr. TlroRMAN] puts upon that clause, and I am not sure that I disagree with him that it is to be treated as if it read that Congress has 

the power to lay taxes, imposts, and duties in order to pay the debts 

and provide for the common defense and the general w_elf.are. In 

examining a question of constitutional power, the continued and 

almost unquestioned practice of Congress is to be considered ; and I 

propose briefly to ask the attention of the Senator from Georgia to a few of the practical exercises of the power for the purpose of promoting industry, science, learning, and art. These alone strongly 

argue sufficient wazyant to Congress to follow in the footsteps which 

have been trodden so long and by so many of our eminent predecessors. 

We passed an act authorizing an expedition to the North Pole for 

the purpose of exploring what there is in that region, and the Senator from 1\:la saohusetts, if I recollect aright, certainly believed in the 

constitutionality of that. 

Mr. SUMNER. I reported it. 

Mr. SCOTT. The Senator from Massachusetts reported it: so that it 

has his authority as a constitutional lawyer, and where could l quote 

agrooterf 

We passed an act to procure instrutnenis for observing the transit. of Venus; and I amnotsure butt.hatthe Senator from Georgia voted 

for it, for we passed it since he came into the Senate. I do not think 

his vote is recorded against it. I am reminded by this observation 

of the transit of Venus that we made an appropriation no later than 

yesterday, in the naval appropriation bill, for the prosecution of works 

upon the new planets. The langua.ge would almost seem to imply 

that the Senator frotn California [Mr. SARGE:NT] who had charge of 

that bill contemplated the building of a railroad or canal in some of 

the newly-discovered planets; but I suppose it referred to astronomical w.ork done ~ the ob~ervatory here: 'Y e did that yesterday, and no voice was raiSed agamst the constitutional power to appropriate 

money to pursue such an astronomical investigation. 

We have passed acts sending commissioners at various times to 

expositions of this character in foreign countries. We sent them to 

Vienna last year.; we sent them to Paris in 1867; we sent them at a cost of nearly $500,000, printing and all ; we sent them, I think, to 

London in 1851; and if we have power to appropriate money to pay 

the expenses of going to foreign lands to compete with these people 

in the products of art and industry, surely the nation, built upon the 

rock of the Declaration of Independence, has a right to appropriate a few millions to an exhibition at home to compare the products of the 

nation which stands upon that rock with the products of the nations 

to which we have sent our own commissioners and whose invitations we accepted. 

But we have passed an act time after time to publish the Smithsonian report. 

We have passed an aot to provide for the propagation of fish in all 

the rivers in all the States. Georgia may be invaded perhaps by the 

fish commissioners depositing the eggs of salmon and trout for the 

purpose of feeding the people of Georgia, and I am sure my friend 

from Georgia will not be troubled with any constitutional scruples 

when he is enjoying the flavor of Portland salmon taken from Savannah River, if they ever get there. 

We passed an act for geological explorations, and every year we publish Hayden's report aud Raymond's report about the geolo(J'y of 

tbe Western Territories. 0 

We keep up an Agricultural Department and a Bureau of Education. 

We passed an act a few days ago to put busts of the Chief Justices 

in the room of the Supreme Court of the United States; and now J+light I not ask the Senator from Georgia, who I have no doubt voted 

for that, under what clause ofthe Constitution didhefind thepoweri 

lli. NORWOOD. What act do you refer toT . . Mr. SCOTT. I am referring to the purcha e of busts of the Chief 

Justices to put in the room of the Supreme Court of the United 

States. 

Mr. THURMAN. That was under the same clause under which we built the house for them to sit in. 

lli. SCOTT. And what clause is that 'f Busts are not necessary 

for the Government. There may be a great many people get on them 

who administer the Government, but they are not absolutely neces- sary. [Laughter.] 

I might go on with these instances ad injinitu1n. 

We built a statue of General Scott in one of the squares of this 

city and appropriated 40,000 to buy one slab for the old general to 

stand on. 

We keep up a library of Congress ; and I suppose upon a strict con struction every man here ought to bring his own library with him or q}lote no books. 

We bought 1\foran's painting of the Yellowstone and paid 10,000 

for it, and under what clause of the Constitution f 

Surely, if anything can be settled, it is settled that in providing 

for the general intelligence of the people, for their culture, for the 

progress of our nation, for, in short, promoting the two great bases 

upon which the nation st.ands, the intelligence and virtue of the people-if anything can be established, it is establisned by acts innumerable in the history of the Government that we have the right to do 

this. 

lli. SHERMAN. Under the clause regulating commerce. Mr. SCOTT. The Senator from Ohio suggests that the clause authorizing the regulation of commerce may authorize it. I do not propose 

to go into any specific grant of power upon this question; but I think 

in the whole mass of governmenta1 powers, if there is anything established, it is the power of Congress to do just the thing which we propose to do here. I am glad the Senator from Georgia asked the question, for it gave me the opportunity to refer to these instances. 

lli. NORWOOD. The answer of the Senator from Pennsylvania 

is not the answer I want-ed him to make. I wanted him to discuss 

the constitutional power, and not refer to innumerable precedents 

which he thinks would form the basis for making another precedent 

of the same kind. I grant that all these things have been done that 

the Senator, considers have been ·done .by Congress, but he is simply 

referring me to precedents for the exercise of a power a-s an answer to the constitutional question as to whether we could do it constitu- . tionally. I do not say that in many of the cases referred to by the 

Senator Conwe s would not have the power; but to answer me by stating cases where the power has been exercised, I ao not think is 

exactly answe~g the question. · Mr. SCOTT. As the Senator from Georgia has been giving much more consideration to the constitutional question than I have, and I 
1874. CONGR.ESSION.AL RECORD. 1837 

know him to be a good ~onstitutionallawyer, I have cited here some eiuhteen or twenty instances. Will he permit me to ask him under 

;what specific clause of the Constitution it is that any one of these 

appropriations has been made, or whether he believes they are all 

violations of the Constitution Y 

Mr. NORWOOD. I am not prepared just now to discuss t he question. I wanted information from 1ihe Senator. If he can convince me that this can be done constitutionally, be it so. I do not say it 

cannot be done; but I want more light on the subject. I may express a doubt as to the constitutionality of a great many of the laws which 

he says have been passed for the purposes named by him. He and 

myself differ very largely as to the constitutional power of Congress. 

He thought th111t Congress had the power to suspend the writ of habeas 

corpus at a certain time when I did not think it had the power at all, 

because the state of facts did not exist which warranted it. He believes in the power of Congress to pass the reconstruction acts, and a great many other acts which I do not believe Congres has the power 

to pass. But upon this point, which is a doubtful point, I want light 

from him as to whether we have the constitutional power to vote 

three or five or fifty millions for a centennial anniversary; and if we do that, whether vre cannot vote a large amount for an annual celebration. 

Mr. SCOTT. There are certain ends and purposes in the Constitution which Congress is authorized to promote. There are many of 

them. There is one very broad phrase, " the general welfare of the 

people of the United States." I have already stated to him that this 

is one means of promotin;t their general :welfare, by cultivating their 

taste for art, by promoting- industry, by encouraging competition in 

the various manufacturing and industrial pursuits ; and if any one of 

these ends is within the power of Congress, Congress is the judge of 

the means by which that end is to be promoted. 

Mr. President, I am surprised that I have talked so long on this 

subject. That I have done so is due very much to the many interruptions which have been made, though I do not complain of them, 

for I desire the Senate to understand the subject. I have endeavored 

to explain the origin of the bill, its history, its provisions, for the 

purpose of showing that this is a great national and international 

project. I have, I confess, sometimes been pained upon this floor 

when gentlemen have spoken of it as a Pennsylvania project, as one which the Senators from Pennsylvania were particularly interested 

in. I loo\ upon it, sir, a-s a great national project, and have been 

endeavoring to show that Congress has made it such, and to show, 

moreover, that, if it fail as such, the skirts of Pennsylvania will be 

clear of the disgrace, if disgrace there be. I wish, as a Senator from 

Pennsylvania, to have that understood. We have done all we ever promised to do. We have done a-s much as we were ever expected to 

do. We have contributed more than the proportion which would be 

allotted to us eitlier upon wealth or population. A panic has prevented the success of this enterprise elsewhere; and if it is to fail, if 

these invitations are to be recalled, if this humiliating explanation is 

to be made to the nations which have accepted them, then, sir, we shall wash our hands of the blame. But we do not wish even to be 

considered selfish or prov4tcial to that extent. We trust we are national, and that we cherish the honor of the nation as dearly a-s we do the honor of Pennsylvania. 

We have seen some things since the arrangements forthis centennial exhibition have been in progress that. make it dangerous to 

recede. I have been in meetings with men from Virginut, North 

Carolina, Georgia, South Carolina, and Ma-ssachusetts, at some of 

the meetings which have occurred with reference to this subject. The 

sentiments which were brought forth by the communion, by the 

interchange of thought between men from different sections of the 

Union, the warll\ blood which started in the veins of men from the 

North and the South, the clasp of the hand with that cordiality of 

old which sprang from the recollections •of that common Fourth of 

July, 1776-all tne e admonish us that when we propose to abandon 

either the national or the international character of this exhibition, we may abandon the best opportunity that will ever offer for effa{ling 

the passions and the bitterness left by the war. It is just as neces- sary for an apprQpriation to make it national as it is to make it international. It cannot proceed at present unless an appropriation is 

made, even as a national exposition. 

Mr. STEVENSON. Will the Senator froih Pennsylvania allow me to ask him a question f 

Mr. SCOTT .. Certainly. 

Mr. STEVENSON. If I understand the Senator he says that it 

would be a disgrace to the Government if this appropriation is not 

made, because, he says, invitations havealready beenextendedtoforeignnations to visit thfs international exhibition. Then what is the use of this bill! This bill is but to authorize the President "to 

extend, in the name of the United States, a respectful and cordial 

invitation to the governments of other nations;" and if that has 

already been done, and the invitation has already been accepted, why 

is it that this bill becomes necessary f 

Mr.SCOTT. I.am.veryunfortunateinnothavinghadtheattentionof 

the Senator from Kentucky. He was out of his seat, I believe, when 

I read the acceptance of foreign nation in response to a supposed invitation, and read a communicartion of the Secretary of State, sent to our foreign representatives, sta~~ t hat t hey misunderstood t h e proclamation of the President when tney supposed it was an invitation. 

It therefore becomes necessary to pass this act to remove that misapprehension. 

Now, sir, I have said that we believe in Pennsylvania that we are national; we believe that we have the interests of the whole nation at 

heart as much as we have those of the State; and believing that, we do 

not wish to see this exposition fail, either as a national or international 

exposition. We desire to see, even if it puts us to some inconvenience, 

that grand procession, which will be a landmark in the annals of the nation, that marched forth with such majestic pace from the prolific 

imagination of the Senator from Massachusett this morning. We 

desire to see with them the second-class powers too-the dusky sons of Hayti we hope to see; the newly enfranchised race from the South we hope to see. We hope to see them from aU lands and from all 

climes. We hope to be able to accommodate them in simple republican style; even if we do speak of r epublican principles, to do so not 

offensively. We do not expect to bring our guests here and say, "Look 

at the result of our institutions, and be ashamed of your own." We 

do not expect from them any such narrow feeling, nor to exhibit it 

ourselves. That feeling of hostility is not entertamed by the nations 

that we invite here. Why, sir, did I deem it appropriate, or were it 

proper for me to do so, I might say to the Senator from Massachusetts 

that to talk about the incongruity of republican and monarchical 

nations, of the people of America and the people of Europe lpliting 

in an exhibition of art and industry, is an anachronism after th~ 

award at Geneva. 

If there was rancor toward England following 1776 or 1812; if 

~here was asperity felt by our own people after the late rebellion was over, had ever nation better assur~nce that the Government was not 

hostile unto hatred Y What, sir, is the spectacle 1 An army upon our soil at the close of the war, such as no civilized nation ever saw stand 

upon the earth; a people smarting, for the time being, under the sense of violated national right; a leader at the head of that army 

who commanded its confidence in as high a degree as was ever possessed by any of the great captains ,of the ~arth, and that leader soon after our President. If we had been rancorous, and wished to 

spring at the throat of the people of Epgland, l:).ll that was necessary was to say the word, and we could have had in a month a war such as the world has never witne sed. But, sir, "Let us have peace," were the words that rang throughout tills republican atmosphere. 

Mr. CAMERON. I wish to interrupt my colleagrte. We all know 

that he is not in v ery good health, and I do not want him to injure 

himself; therefore I will move that we go into executive session. 

Mr. SCOTT. I shall finish in ten minutes; ~d would rather do sQ 

than retain the floor. 

Mr. CAMERON. Very well. 

Mr. SCOTT. I have said, sir, that if we had been disposed to be 

rancorous, then was the time when it would have manifested itself; 

but after commissioners were appointed, and met and sat on the shore 

of Lake Geneva, giving to that beauteous spot a new historic memory 

that will eclipse all the great events that have transpired upon its 

shores after that tribunal sat, 'and there we buried deep in the bright 

alpine waters the sword ; it is too late to talk about antagonism at 

the centennial exhibition between the monarchies of Europe and the 

Republic of America. There is no such incongruity; they will not 

make such a monstrosity as will cause one to die and the other to 

follow in death like the Siamese twins, to repeat the Senator's simile. I trust that when we come to vote upon this bill we shall have the 

emphatic indorsement of the American people, through their representatives, for this great international and national exhibition; and 

that through it the principles we purpose to commemorate will be 

promoted, and will continue in undiminished prosperity our great 

nation, to stand up as a beacon-light to all the world after all of u who shall witness the glories of tne centennial year shall have been 

gathered to and minglea with our native dnst. 

ADJOURNMENT TO MONDAY. 

Mr. STEW ART. I move that when the SeJlate adjourns to-day, it 

adjourn to meet on Monday next. 

The motion was agreed to. 

HOUSE BILLS REFERRED. 

The following bills from the Honse of Representatives were sever- ally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on Pensions: 

A bill (H. R. No. 2213) granting a pension to Mrs. Cynthia McPherBon, mother of the late General James B. McPherson; 

A bill (H. R. 1-{o, 2209) granting a pension to. Louisa H. Canby, 

widow of the late General, E. R. S. Canby; 

A bill (H. R. No. 2'212) granting a pension to Mrs. Margaret S. 

Meade, widow of Major-General George G. Meade; and 

A bill (H. R. No. 64) restoring the pension of Frances C. Elliott, 

widow of Commodore Je seD. Elliott, late of the United States Navy. 

The following bills were severally read twice by their titles, and 

referred to the Committee on Commerce : 

A bill (H. R. No. 519) to grant an .American register to the Canadian 

tug Noah P. Sprague; and 

A bill (H. R. No; 2206) to grant an American register to the bark 

.A.zor. 

The bill (H. R. No. 2208) authorizing the President to J;"einsta.te 

George M. Book on the active list of the Navy, was read twice by its 

title, ~q refeqe4 to the Co~ttee on Naval A.ffaj.rs. 
1838 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. FEBRUARY 27, 

ORDER OF BUSINESS. 

Mr. CAMERON and Mr. SARGENT claimed the floor. 

Mr. CARPENTER. Will the Senators yield to me one momentY I 

desire to say that on Monday next, after the expiration of the morn- ing hour and the disposition of this pending bill, if there should be 

time I will ask the Senate to take up and consider the bill I introduced for a new election in Louisiana, for the purpose of enabling me to submit a few remarks on that bill. 

Mr. WEST. Having in charge, by direction of the Committ.ee on Appropriations, the Army appropriation bill as passed by the Hol+se 

of Representatives and reported by the committee, I shall feel it my 

duty, whenever an opportunity offers, and at. the expirati~:m of .the 

morning hour, to ask the Senate to take that bill under consideratiOn. 

Mr. CAMERON. Mr. President, I believe ! .had the floor. 

Mr. 3ARGENT. I wish to be recognizedashavingthefloor on this 

centennial bill. 

The PRESIDING O~'FICER, (Mr. ANTHONY in the chair.) The 

Senator from Pennsylvania gave way to the Senator from Califofllia, 

that he might rise to be recognized to-morrow when this bill comes up. 

Mr. SARGENT. I yield to the motion of the Senator from P~nnsylvania. EXECUTIVE SESSION. 

Mr. CAMERON. Feeling that this subject cannot be ended to-day, 

I move that the Senate proceed to the consideration of executive 

business. 

The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the consideration of executive business. After an hour spent in executive ses- sion the doors were reopened, and (at four o'clock and fifty minutes 

p.m.) the Senate adjourned. 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

FRIDAY, February 21, ·1874. 

The House met at twelve o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. 

J. G. BUTLER, D. D. 

The Journal of yesterday was read and approved. 

PERSONAL EXPLANATIONS. 

Mr. BECK. I desire to make a personal explanation. The gentle- man from New York [Mr. POTTER] notified me, yesterday morning, 

that he would be unavoidably absent, and desired that when the bill 

for the restoration of the :franking privilege should be voted upon I 

should make that announcement. He made the same request of one of his colleagues, who, when the vote was taken, thought that I had 

made the announcement while I thought he had done so. In this 

way we both neglected the matter. I make this statement in justice 

to the gentleman from New York. • 

Mr. G. F. HOAR. I a~ reported as sayingyesterday that the 

school teachers of this District have not been paid for twelve months. 

I said they had not been paid for many months. 

DUTIES 0N IMPORTS, ETC. 

Mr. HUBBELL, by unanimous consent, introduced a bill (H. R. No. 

2203) to amend the act entitled "An act to reduce duties on imports 

and to reduce internal taxes, and for other purposes," approved June 

6, 1872; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Committee. on Ways and Means, and ordered to be printed. 

DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. 

Mr. TYNER. I rise to enter a motion to reconsider the vote bywhich 

the House yesterday refused to pass House bill No. 825, in relation 

to the distribution of public documents. If the Housewill bearwith me a moment, I will say that after awhile, when the seats here shall 

be full, I will call up this motion; my purpose being, if the motion 

to reconsider shall prevail, to move the recommitment of the bill to 

the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads, with instructions 

to report back only the third section-that relating to the free circulation of newspapers in the county of their publication and free ex- changes between publishers. 

Mr. SHANKS. Will that question be debatable f 

The SPEAKER. It will. 

Mr. SHANKS. Very well. 

EXECUTION OF THE LA WB IN UTAH. 

Mr. McKEE, by unanimous consent, reported from• the Committee on the Territories a bill (H. R. No. 2204) concerning the execution of the 

laws in the Territory of Utah, and for other purposes; which was read a first and second time, ordered to be printed, and recommitte~, 

not to be brought back on a motion to reconsider. 

ORDER OF BUSINESS. 

Mr. PARSONS. I desire to present a unanimous report from the 

Committee on Commerce, the consideration of which will take us but a few moments. The measure is one of very great importance to my 

constituents; and as the spring is approa-ching, the bill, if passed at 

all, should be passed promptly. 

Mr. RANDALL. I call for the regular order. 

Mr. PARSONS. I hope my friend from Pennsylvania [Mr. RANDALL] will not object to. this. 

Mr. RANDALL. I call for the regular order. 

The SPEAKER. The regular order being called for, the morning 

hour now begins at twelve minutes after twelve o'clock; and the 

call of committees will be resumed for reportB of a private nature. 

J, SNOWDEN & SON. 

M:r. HAWLEY, of Illinois, reported back from the Committee on Claims the bill (H. R. No. 10G2) referring the claims of J. Snow:den& 

Son to the Court of Claims, and moved that the same be referred to 

the Committee on War Claims. 

The motion was agreed to. 

CHARLES H. LADD. 

Mr. HAWLEY, of Illinois, from the same committee, reported ba-ck 

the petition of Charles H. Ladd, for compensation for use of real estate 

by t.he United States during the war, and moved that the same be 

referred to the Committee on War Claims. 

The motion was agreed to. 

JOSEPH MONTANARI. 

Mr. H.A. WLEY, of Illinois, from the same committee, reported back, 

with a favorable recommendation, the bill (S. No. 311) for the relief 

of Joseph Montanari, and for other purposes; which was referred to 

the Committee of the Whole on the Private Calendar. 

P. HORNBROOK. 

Mr. HAMILTON, from the same commii tee, reported a bill (H. R. 

No. 2205) for the relief of P. Hornbrook; -.,.hich was read a first and 

second time, and referred to the Committee of the Whole on the Private Calendar. CANADIAN TUG NOAH P. SPRAGUE. 

Mr. WHEELER, from the Committee on Commerce, reported back, 

with a recommendation that it do pass, the bill (H. R. No. 519) to 

grant an American register to the Canadian tug Noah P. Sprague. 

The bill was read. It authorizes and directs the Secretary of the 

Trea-sury to issue an American register to the American-built Canadian tug Noah P. Sprague, owned by Edward Evans, of Tonawanda, 

Niagara County, State of New York; the tug having been recently 

rebuilt in the city of Buffalo. 

The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the 

third time, and passed. 

Mr. WHEELER moved to reconsider the vot.e by which the bill was passed; and also moved that the motion to reconsider be laid on the 

table. 

The latter motion was agreed to. 

BARK AZOR. 

Mr. HOOPER, from the same committee, reported a bill (H. R. No. 

2206) to grant an American register to the bark Azor; which was read a first and second time. 

The bill authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to issue an American re!rister to the bark Azor, an American-built'vessel, employed as a pack~t between the island of Fayal and the United States, which 

had been transferred to a British subject in 1863, and retransfened to 

the heirs of Charles W. Dabney, late consul of the United States in 

the island of Fayal. 

The bill was ordered to be engros ed and read a third time; and 

being engrossed, it was accordingly read the third time, and passed. 

Mr. HOOPER moved to reconsider the vote by which the bill was passed; and also moved that the motion to reconsider be laid on the 

table. 

The latter motion was agreed to. 

LEASING MARINE HOSPITAL AT CLEVELAND. 

Mr. PARSONS. Mr. Speaker, I am instructed unanimously by the 

Committee on Commerce to report back a bill (H. R. No. 1927) au- thorizing the lease of the marine hospital and grounds at Cleveland, 

Ohio, to the city of Cleveland, with the recommendation'that it do 

pass; and I would like to know whether I can have unanimous con- sent to make that report under the present call. 

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tha\ bill being considered in 

the House to-day Y 

Mr. ALBRIGHT. I object. 

W. H. M'KINNEY. 

Mr. HAYS, from the Committee on Agriculture: made an adverso 

report on the petition of W. H. McKinney; which was laid upon the 

table, and ordered to be printed. 

EXCHANGE OF COTTON-SEED WITH EGYPT. 

Mr. HAYS also, from the same committee, ·reported back adversely a joint resolution (H. R. No. 40) relative to the exchange of the seed 

of the cotton-plant between this Government and the Khedive of 

Egypt; which was laid upon the table, and the report ordered to be 

printed. • CREDITORS OF THE SIOUX INDIANS. 

:J\fr. LAWSON, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, reported back a bill (H. R. No. 420) to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to discharge certain obligations of the United States to the creditors of 

the Upper and Lower bands of Sioux Indians; with the unanimous 

recommendation that it do pass. 

The bill was referred to tb.~ Qq~'Vte~ of t4e ~ol~ Rouse on tha