21-1997-cv

Feng Li v. Dillon

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A 

SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007 IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY 

FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. 

WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST 

CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION 

“SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON 

ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL. 

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the 

Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the

11th day of July, two thousand twenty-two.

Present: DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON,

Chief Judge,

JOSÉ A. CABRANES,

MICHAEL H. PARK,

Circuit Judges.

_____________________________________

FENG LI,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v. 21-1997-cv

MARK C. DILLON, SYLVIA O. HINDS-RADIX, BETSY 

BARROS, and PAUL WOOTEN, in their official 

capacities as Associate Justices of the Supreme Court

of the State of New York, Appellate Division, 

Second Judicial Department; and SUPREME COURT 

OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK,

Defendants-Appellees.

1

_____________________________________

For Plaintiff-Appellant: FENG LI, pro se, New York, NY.

For Defendants-Appellees: No appearance.

1 The Clerk of Court is directed to amend the official caption as set forth above.
2

Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District of 

New York (Caproni, J.).

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND 

DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. 

Appellant Feng Li (“Li”), a suspended attorney proceeding pro se, brings claims for

declaratory and injunctive relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against four Associate Justices of the 

Supreme Court of the State of New York, Appellate Division, Second Judicial Department, in their 

official capacities (collectively, the “Justices”), and the Supreme Court of the State of New York

(together with the Justices, the “Defendants”). Li alleges that the Justices violated his due process 

rights under the United States Constitution and his rights under the New York State Constitution 

when, in a decision issued January 27, 2021, Feng Li v. Peng (2021 Decision), 190 A.D.3d 950

(N.Y. 2d Dep’t 2021), the Justices stated that a previous decision of the Second Department, In re 

Feng Li (2017 Decision), 149 A.D.3d 238 (N.Y. 2d Dep’t 2017), had “found that [Li] had 

misappropriated the Rabine funds and a portion of the Sy judgment.” 2021 Decision, 190 A.D.3d 

at 951. Li requests declaratory relief in connection with that statement and “prospective 

injunctive relief” in the form of a “name-clearing” hearing. App’x 19–20. The district court

dismissed Li’s complaint sua sponte as frivolous, holding that the Justices are immune from suit 

under the doctrine of judicial immunity. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying 

facts, procedural history, and issues on appeal, which we reference only as necessary to explain 

our decision to affirm. 

The district courts have inherent power to sua sponte dismiss a complaint as frivolous, even 
3

when, as here, the plaintiff has paid the filing fee. Fitzgerald v. First E. Seventh St. Tenants 

Corp., 221 F.3d 362, 364 (2d Cir. 2000) (per curiam). Although we have not previously decided

whether a district court’s sua sponte dismissal of a complaint as frivolous is reviewed de novo or 

for abuse of discretion, the district court’s decision in this case “easily passes muster under the 

more rigorous de novo review.” Id. at 364 n.2. A complaint is frivolous when “(1) the factual 

contentions are clearly baseless, . . . or (2) the claim is based on an indisputably meritless legal 

theory.” Livingston v. Adirondack Beverage Co., 141 F.3d 434, 437 (2d Cir. 1998) (internal 

quotation marks omitted). Although a court is ordinarily obligated to afford “special solicitude”

to pro se litigants, “a lawyer representing himself ordinarily receives no such solicitude at all.” 

Tracy v. Freshwater, 623 F.3d 90, 101–02 (2d Cir. 2010); see also United States v. Daugerdas, 

No. 21-605, 2022 WL 274226, at *2 n.2 (2d Cir. Jan. 31, 2022) (summary order) (declining to 

extend the “special solicitude” to a disbarred attorney). 

We agree with the district court that Li’s complaint is frivolous, although we reach that 

conclusion for a different reason.2

 It is unnecessary to examine the question of whether the 

Justices are entitled to immunity from suit because the factual contention at the heart of Li’s 

complaint is frivolous on its face. The 2021 Decision described the 2017 Decision as having 

concluded that Li “misappropriated” certain client funds. 2021 Decision, 190 A.D.3d at 951.

Although the 2017 Decision conceded that the evidence regarding Li’s alleged misappropriation 

was “conflicting,” 2017 Decision, 149 A.D.3d at 253, the Appellate Division expressly affirmed 

that there was “no infirmity of proof as to the finding that [Li] misappropriated the Rabine funds” 

2 We may affirm on any grounds with support in the record, “including grounds upon which the 

district court did not rely.” Leon v. Murphy, 988 F.2d 303, 308 (2d Cir. 1993). 
4

and that “it cannot be said that there was an infirmity of proof that [Li] misappropriated . . . a 

portion of the Sy judgment.” Id. The 2017 Decision thus concluded that Li’s “second defense,” 

that is, “that he did not misappropriate the Rabine funds because the Rabine funds were awarded 

as part of the Sy judgment,” “ha[d] not been established.” Id. at 252–53. The 2021 Decision

therefore faithfully described the 2017 Decision’s conclusion with respect to whether Li had 

“misappropriated” certain funds. 

Nothing in the United States Constitution or the New York State Constitution prohibits a 

court from accurately relating the findings of a previous panel. Li cannot circumvent the rule 

against frivolous filings by evoking the phrase “due process” in talismanic fashion. Li’s 

complaint is frivolous on its face, and the district court did not err in so holding. 

We have considered Li’s remaining arguments and find them to be without merit. 

Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.

FOR THE COURT: 

Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court