# Patent

## Title
Nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds with insecticidal activity, and the preparation and use thereof

## Abstract

The present invention relates to nitro-containing heterocyclic or ring-opening nitrogenous compounds of formula (A), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, Y, Z, and W are as defined in the specification. The present invention discloses the preparation and the uses of a novel insecticide. Said compound and the derivatives thereof have high insecticidal activity to farm insects including homoptera and lepidoptera pests, such as aphis, fulgorides, aleyrodids, leafhopper, commom thrips, cotton bollworm, cabbage caterpillar, cabbage moth, cotton leafworm, armyworn and so on.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to novel neonicotinoid insecticides, and the preparation and uses thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The first neonicotinoid insecticide, Imidacloprid, which was developed by Bayer AG in middle 1980s, has been one of the most successful novel insecticides. Represented by Imidacloprid, the neonicotinoid insecticides were featured with high insecticidal activities, broad insecticidal spectra, low mammalian and aquatic toxicity, favorable systemic properties, proper field stability, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, the neonicotinoid insecticides have become one of the most important hot areas in insecticidal innovation. Afterwards, a series of neonicotinoid insecticides, such as Thiacloprid, Clothianidin, Thiamethoxam, Acetamiprid, Nitenpyram and Dinotefuran, were developed (EP 247477, 296453, 685477, 235725, 235725, 315826, 192060, 244777, 0386565, 580553, and 1031566, JP 62292765, 8259568, 8291171, and 7242633).
However, the application of these compounds was somehow limited due to the serious resistance caused by frequent use of and cross-resistance between these neonicotinoid insecticides having high structural similarity, which were also the important reasons that restrict further development of neonicotinoid insecticides. Meanwhile, the selectivity for insect control was limited by a narrow insecticide controlling spectrum as the neonicotinoid insecticides were mainly high active on Homoptera and Lepidoptera pests.
Thus, the main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to develop novel and more effective insecticides by the structural modification of nitromethylene compounds so as to resolve the resistance issue, broaden the insecticidal spectrum and make the novel compounds applicable as insecticides.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of this invention is to provide effective pest control compounds and a method for the preparation thereof The other object of this invention is to provide the protection for growing and harvested plants against insect.
According to the first aspect of this invention, there is provided a compound of formula (A), or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof,




wherein
R1 is an unsubstituted or halogenated 5 or 6 membered heterocycle interrupted by nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur atom(s), substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. The substituents are one or more groups selected from halogen atom, C1-4 haloalkyl and C1-4 chloroalkoxyl;
R2 is a hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl group, or C1-6 alkyl group substituted by F, Cl or Br.
R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, allyl, benzyl, C1-4 alkoxyl-C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl-carbonyl, phenoxylcarbonyl, C2-6 alkynyl-carbonyl, C2-3 alkenyl-carbonyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-carbonyl, furan carbonyl, N,N′-dimethyl carbonyl, unsubstituted benzoyl group or benzoyl substituted by one or more groups selected from halogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl and C1-4 alkyl-carbonyl,
or R3 and R4 taken together forms —CH2—CH2— or —CH2—CH2—CH2—;
R5 is a hydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated halogenated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, or saturated or unsaturated C1-6 alkoxyl;
W is absent, or when R3 and R4 taken together forms a —CH2—CH2— or —CH2—CH2—CH2—, W is R6 and conforms onium salt with X− together with the nitrogen atom connected with R6, wherein

    
    
        R6 is a hydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated halogenated C1-6 hydrocarbon, or saturated or unsaturated C1-6 alkoxyl;
        X− is F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, NO3−, SO4−, AcO−, or PhCOO−;
    
    


Y is a nitro or cyano;
Z is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5 or 6 membered heterocycle interrupted by nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur atom(s), substituted or unsubstituted C5-12 heteroaryl, wherein the substituents are one or more groups selected from:

    
    
        halogen atom, nitro, C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, amino, C1-6 alkylamino, unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl group substituted by one or more groups selected from:
        
            halogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-4 alkyl-carbonyl, C1-4 alkylamino and C1-4 alkoxyl-carbonyl.
        
        
    
    


In one of the embodiments, the compound has the structure selected from the following formulas:




Wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Y, Z are as defined above, and n is 0 or 1.

In one preferred example, n is 0.
In another preferred example, in the above formulas:

    
    
        R1 represents an unsubstituted or halogenated 5 or 6 membered heterocycle interrupted by nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur atom(s);
        R2 represents a hydrogen atom, unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, or a C1-6 alkyl substituted by fluoro, chloro or bromo;
        R3 and R4 independently represent hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, allyl, benzyl, C1-4 alkoxyl-C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl-carbonyl, phenoxy-carbonyl, C2-6 alkynyl-carbonyl, C2-3 alkenyl-carbonyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-carbonyl, furan carbonyl, N,N′-dimethyl carbonyl, unsubstituted benzoyl or benzoyl substituted by one or more groups selected from halogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl and C1-4 alkyl-carbonyl;
        R5 and R6 represent hydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated halogenated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, or saturated or unsaturated C1-6 alkoxyl;
        X−represents Cl−, Br−, I−, NO3−, SO4−, AcO−, or PhCOO−;
        Y represents nitro or cyano group;
        Z represents substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5 or 6 membered heterocycle containing nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur atom(s), substituted or unsubstituted C5-12 heteroaryl group, wherein the substituents are one or more groups selected from:
        
            halogen atoms, nitro, C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, amino, C1-6 alkylamino, unsubstituted phenyl and phenyl substituted by one or more groups selected from:
            
                halogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-4 alkyl-carbonyl, C1-4 alkylamino and C1-4 alkoxyl-carbonyl;
            
            
            n represents 0 or 1.
        
        
    
    


In another embodiment, R1 is selected from pyridyl, thiazolyl, pyrimidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, oxazolyl, or the halides thereof.
In one preferred example, R1 represents halopyridyl, halothiazolyl, halopyrimidinyl, halotetrahydrofuryl, halooxazolyl, and more preferably chlorides.
In another preferred example, R1 represents




In another embodiment, R2 is hydrogen atom or C1-6 alkyl.
In one preferred example, R2 represents hydrogen atom or C1-3 alkyl, more preferably hydrogen atom or methyl, and even more preferably hydrogen atom.
In another embodiment, R3 and R4 are hydrogen atom or C1-6 alkyl.
In one preferred example, R3 and R4 represent hydrogen atom or C1-3 alkyl, and preferably hydrogen atom, methyl or ethyl.
In another embodiment, R5 is hydrogen atom or C1-6 alkyl.
In one preferred example, R5 represents hydrogen atom or C1-3 alkyl, and preferably hydrogen atom, methyl or ethyl.
In another embodiment, R6 is hydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated C1-3 hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated halogenated C1-3 hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated C1-3 alkoxyl; X−represents F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, NO3−, SO4−, AcO−, or PhCOO−.
In another embodiment, Z is selected from substituted or unsubstituted furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, and oxazolyl, and wherein the substituents are selected from halogen atoms, nitro, C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, amino, C1-6 alkylamino, unsubstituted phenyl, and phenyl group substituted by one or more groups selected from halogen atoms, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-4 alkyl-carbonyl, C1-4 alkylamino and C1-4 alkoxyl-carbonyl.
In one preferred example, Z represents substituted or unsubstituted furyl, thienyl, or pyrrolyl group. Preferably, Z represents:




More preferably, Z represents





The above preferred substitutes can be combined to form preferred compounds of the present invention.
According to the second aspect of this invention, there is provided an insecticidal composition comprising: (a) 0.0001 wt %-99.9 wt % of the compound of the present invention, or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof, or the combinations thereof; and (b) insecticidal acceptable carrier(s) and/or excipient(s).
In one preferred example, the amount of component (a) is 0.01-99.9 wt %, more preferably 0.05-90 wt %, based on the total weight of the insecticidal composition.
In one embodiment, the composition is used to kill or control the insects chosen from: Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Isoptera or Dipteral pests, preferably Isoptera or Lepidoptera pests.
In one preferred example, the pests have piercing-sucking type or rasping type mouthparts. In another preferred example, the pests are chosen from aphid, plant hopper, white fly, leaf hopper, thrips, cotton bollworm, Cabbage caterpillar, Diamondback moth, prodenia litura or army worm.
In another preferred example, the insecticidal composition further comprises other active substances selected from insecticide, co-bait, bactericide, acaricide, nematicide, or growth control agents.
According to the third aspect of this invention, there is provided a method for killing and controlling pests which comprises the step of applying the insecticidal composition to plants or the surrounding fields or environment thereof that attacked or possible to be attacked by the pests.
According to the fourth aspect of this invention, there is provided the use of the compounds of formula (I), or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, insecticidal acceptable salt thereof, or the combinations thereof, in the preparation of an insecticide composition.
In one preferred example, there is provided a use of the compound of formula (I), or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof, or the combinations thereof in killing or controlling pests.
According to the fifth aspect of this invention, there is provided a method for the preparation of the compound of formula (I), or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof, wherein said methods include the following steps:
in the presence of catalytic amount of acid, obtaining compound A by the addition of compound (a) with aldehyde (b) or ketone (c) at 0-60° C.




wherein, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, W, Y and Z are as defined above, B represents hydrogen atom or R6 which is as defined above; provided that when W is R6 in formula (A), the method further comprises the step of obtaining an onium salt by further reacting compound (A) with an acid comprising X−, wherein X− is as defined above.
In one preferred example, the reaction temperature is 15-45° C. More preferably, the temperature is 20-30° C. In another preferred example, the solvent is acetonitrile or ethanol. More preferably, the solvent is acetonitrile. In another preferred example, the acid in a catalytic amount is chosen from concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, and benzoic acid. More preferably, the catalytic acid is concentrated hydrochloric acid.
In another embodiment, the compound has the structure of formula (I), (II) or (III), and a method for the preparation of such a compound includes the following steps:
in the presence of catalytic amount of acid, carrying out the reaction as indicated below at 20-30° C. in acetonitrile for 2-24 hours to obtain the compound of formula (I):




in the presence of catalytic amount of acid, carrying out the reaction as indicated below at 20-30° C. in acetonitrile for 2-24 hours to obtain the compound of formula (II):




in the presence of catalytic amount of acid, carrying out the reaction as indicated below at 10-50° C. in acetonitrile for 2-24 hours to obtain the compound of formula (III):




MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Under long term deep investigation, this invention provides a novel neonicotinoid compound, which is obtained by introducing aromatic heterocycle to the nitromethylene group of known nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticides, as well as changing the normal nitromethylene or cyanomethylene group in neonicotinoid compounds by shifting the double bond. The novel compound of the present invention shows remarkably increased insecticidal activity and broader insecticidal spectrum. Based on the above investigation, the invention was completed.
Definition of the Substituents
As used herein, the term “C1-6 hydrocarbon group” refers to saturated or unsaturated substituents consisting of hydrogen and 1-6 carbons, such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cyclo-alkenyl and aryl, preferably alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl. The term “alkenyl” refers to a straight or branched alkenyl with 2-6 carbons atoms, such as vinyl, allyl, 1-propenyl, isopropenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl or other similar groups. The term “alkynyl” refers to straight or branched alkynyl with 2-6 carbons atoms, such as ethinyl and propargyl. The term “cycloalkyl” refers to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and so on.
The term “C1-6 alkyl” refers to straight or branched alkyl with 1-6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl or other similar groups.
The term “C1-6 alkoxyl” refers to straight or branched alkoxyl with 1-6 carbon atoms, such as methoxyl, ethoxyl, propoxyl, iso-propoxyl, butoxyl, iso-butoxyl, sec-butoxyl, tert-butoxyl or other similar groups.
The term “halogen” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. The term “halogenated” refers to substituents substituted by one or more same or different halogen atoms as mentioned above, such as trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, or other similar groups.
The term “C5-12 aryl” refers to aromatic hydrocarbon group with single to triple rings, such as phenyl, naphthyl or other similar groups.
The term “aralkyl” refers to C1-6 alkyl substituted by aryl(s) as mentioned above.
The term “5 or 6 membered heterocyclic group” refers to 5 or 6 membered cyclic group interrupted by one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, such as pyridyl, thiazolyl, pyrimidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl and oxazolyl.
Methods for the Preparation of the Inventive Compounds
Compound of this invention can be synthesized as described above. The skilled in the art can synthesize the compound of formula (a) used in the reaction according to the prior art, such as WO2006056108A1 and WO2007101369A1.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, a compound of formula (I) can be synthesized by the following procedure:




In other particular embodiments, a compound of formula (II) can be synthesized by the following procedure:




In other particular embodiments, a compound of formula (III) can be synthesized by the following procedure:




In one particular embodiment, a compound of formula (I) can be synthesized by the following procedure:
(1): A solution of 2-chloro-5-chloromethyl pyridine in acetonitrile is added dropwise to a diamine solution whose mole amount is 5-10 times that of 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl) pyridine. The reaction is carried out at 0-50° C. for 5-10 hours. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is distillated under reduced pressure to remove diamine, dissolved in ethyl acetate, and evaporated to obtain N1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;
(2): A mixture of N1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)ethane-1,2-diamine and 1,1-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethylene is dissolved in ethanol, and refluxed for 4-8 hours to obtain nitromethylene compound.
(3): In the presence of acidic catalyst (such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and heteropolyacids etc.), the nitromethylene compound is reacted with aldehyde to obtain the compound of formula (I).
In another embodiment, a compound of formula (II) can be synthesized by the following procedure:
(1): Proper amount of acetonitrile is added to a solution of aqueous ethylamine. 6-chloro-3-(chloromethyl) pyridine in acetonitrile is then added dropwise at 0° C. The reaction is monitored by TLC. After completion, the mixture, to which a large amount of water is added, is extracted by dichloromethane (DCM), dried, filtered and evaporated to remove the solvent and obtain N-(6-chloropyridinyl-3-methylene)-ethylamine as oil.
(2): A mixture of N-(6-chloropyridinyl-3-methylene)-ethylamine and 1,1-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethylene is dissolved in ethanol and refluxed for 4-8 hours. After completion, the mixture is concentrated and purified by column chromatography to obtain the N-(6-chloropyridinyl-3-methylene)-N-ethyl-1-methylthio-2-nitrovinylidene amine.
(3): A mixture of methylamine alcohol and N-(6-chloropyridinyl-3-methylene)-N-ethyl-1-methylthio-2-nitrovinylidene amine is dissolved in ethanol and reacted in ice bath for 4-8 hours. After completion, the mixture is concentrated and purified by column chromatography to obtain N-(6-chloropyridinyl-3-methylene)-N-ethyl-N′-methyl-2-nitrovinylididene-diamine.
(4): In the presence of acidic catalyst (such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and heteropolyacid etc.), N-(6-chloropyridinyl-3-methylene)-N-ethyl-N′-methyl-2-nitrovinylidene-diamine is reacted with aldehyde to obtain the compound of structure (II).
In another embodiment, a compound of formula (III) can be synthesized by the following procedure:
(1): To a mixture of 2-chloro-5-(2-nitromethylene-imidazolidin-1-yl-methyl)-pyridine, potassium carbonate and DMF, 1-1.5 mole eq. of iodomethane is added dropwise. The obtained mixture is reacted at 10-20° C. for 2-4 hrs. After completion, the mixture, to which water is added, is extracted by DCM and evaporated to obtain 2-chloro-5-(3-methyl-2-nitromethylene-imidazolidin-1-yl-methyl)-pyridine.
(2): In the presence of acidic catalyst (such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and heteropolyacid etc.), 2-chloro-5-(3-methyl-2-nitromethylene-imidazolidin-1-yl-methyl)-pyridine is reacted with aldehyde to obtain the compound of formula (III).
Insecticidal Activity
The term “active compound in/of this invention” or “active substance in/of this invention” refers to the compound of the present invention, or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof. The active compound in this invention shows significantly increased insecticidal activity and broadened insecticidal spectrum.
The term “insecticidal acceptable salt” refers to a salt in which the anion portion is known or acceptable when forming the insecticidal pharmaceutical acceptable salt. Preferably, the salt is water soluble. Suitable insecticidal acceptable salts of compounds of formula (I) and (II) include salts formed by inorganic acid, such as hydrochiorate, phosphate, sulfate, and nitrate, and salt formed by organic acid, such as acetate and benzoate.
The active substance of this invention can be used to control and kill general plant insects in agriculture and forestry, insects in the cereal in storage, and insects that harmful to public health. In this invention, the term “insecticide” refers to substances that can be used to prevent and control any of the above mentioned insects. The insects include but not limited to:
Coleoptera insects: Sitophilus zeamai, Tribolium castaneum, Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata, Henosepilachna sparsa, Agriotes fuscicollis, Anomala cupripes, Popillia quadriguttata, Monolepta hieroglyphica, Monochamus alternatus, Echinocnemus squameus, Basiprionota bisignata, Anoplophora chinensis, Apripona germari, Scolytus schevy, Agriotes fuscicollis. Lepidoptera insects: Lymantria dispar, Malacosoma neustria testacea, Diaphania perspectalis, Clania variegate, Cnidocampa flauescens, Dendrolimus punctatus, Orgyia gonostigma, Paranthrene tabaniformis, Spodoptera litura, Chilo suppressalis, Ostrinia nubilalis, Ephestia cautella, Adoxophyes orana, Laspyresia splendana, Agrotis fucosa, Galleria mellonella, Plutella xylostella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Mythimna separata. 
Homoptera insects: Nephotettix cincticeps, Nilaparvata lugens, Pseudococcus comstocki, Unaspis yanonensis, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossydii, Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae, Stephanitis nashi, Bemisia tabaci. 
Orthoptera insects: Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, Gryllotalpa africana, Locus migratoria. 
Isoptera insects: Solenopsis invicta, Coptotermes formosanus. 
Diptera insects: Musca domestica, Aedes aegypti, Delia platura, Culex sp., Anopheles sinensis. 
The compounds of this invention have especially good effects to agriculture and plant insects having piercing-sucking or scratching mouthparts, such as aphid, leafhopper, plant hopper, thrips, and white fly.
Insecticidal Composition Comprising the Active Compounds of this Invention
The active compounds of this invention can be formulated into insecticidal composition via conventional method. The active compounds can be formulated into conventional formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, aerosols, natural and synthetic materials impregnated with the active compounds, micro-capsules in polymers, coated complex for seed, preparations used with a combustion device (such as smoking cylindrantherae, smoking can and smoking plate), and ULV cold mist and warm mist preparations.
These formulations may be produced by a known method, for example, by mixing the active compounds with extenders, which are liquid, liquefied gaseous or solid diluents or carriers, optionally with surface-active agents, which is emulsifying agents and/or dispersing agents, and/or foam-forming agents. In the case of using water as an extender, organic solvents can also be used as auxiliary solvents.
It is generally proper to use liquid solvents as a diluent or carrier, wherein said liquid solvents can be for example: aromatic hydrocarbons, such as xylene, toluene and alkyl naphthalenes; chlorinated aromatic or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes and methylene chloride; aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example, mineral oil fractions; alcohols, such as butanol or glycol as well as their ethers and esters, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone; or polar solvents of unusual use, such as dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide; as well as water. The term liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers refers to liquids which are gaseous at normal temperature and under normal pressure, for example, aerosol propellants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
The solid carrier can use ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talcs, quartzs, attapulgites, montmorillonites or kieselguhrs; ground synthetic minerals, such as high dispersed silicic acid, alumina and silicate. The solid carrier used for particles is crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, as well as synthetic granules of inorganic and organic coarse powder, and organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks and the like.
Nonionic and anionic emulsifiers may be used as emulsifying and/or foam-forming agents, such as polyoxyethylene-fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene-fatty alcohol ethers (for example, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkylsulfates, arylsulfonates) as well as albumin hydrolysis products. Dispersing agents include, for example, lignin sulfite waste liquors and methyl cellulose.
Adhesives, such as carboxymethyl cellulose and natural or synthetic polymers (such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate) in the form of powders, granules or emulsions, can be used in the formulations. Suitable colorants can be, such as, inorganic dyes (for example, iron oxide, cobalt oxide and Prussian Blue), and organic dyes (such as azo dyes or metal phthalocyanine dyes), and trace nutritional agents (such as the salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, aluminum and zinc).
The active compound of the present invention can be present as a mixture with other active compounds in a commercial formulation or a applicable form prepared from the commercial formulation. The other compound can be (but not limited to) insecticide, co-bait, bactericide, acaricide, nematocide, fungicide, growth controller and the like. The insecticide includes, for example, phosphates, carbamate, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, benzoylurea, nereistoxin, and materials produced by microbion (such as avilamycin).
Furthermore, the active compounds of the present invention can also be mixed with a synergist to from a mixture in a commercial formulation or an applicable form prepared from the commercial formulation. The synergist is used to enhance the activity of an active compound, as the compound itself is active and it is optional to use the synergist.
The formulation generally contains 0.001-99.99 wt % of active compound, preferably 0.01-99.9 wt %, more preferably 0.05-90 wt %, based on the total weight of the insecticidal composition.
The concentration of the active compound in the applicable form prepared from the commercial formulation can vary within a wide range. The concentration of active compound in the applicable formulation can be, for example, from 0.0000001 to 100% (g/v), preferably from 0.0001 to 1%.


EXAMPLES
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be appreciated that these examples are only intended to illustrate the invention, but not to limit the scope of the invention. For the experimental methods in the following examples, they are performed under routine conditions, or as instructed by the manufacturers, unless otherwise specified. The percentage and portion are calculated by weight while r.t. represents room temperature.
Example 1
Synthesis of 2-chloro-5-((2-(2-(furan-2-yl)-1-nitrovinyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-1-yl) -methyl) pyridine (Compound 1)
According to the methods disclosed in WO 2006056108A1 and WO2007101369A1, 2-chloro-5-(2-nitromethylene-imidazolidin-1-yl-methyl)-pyridine was prepared from 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)pyridine (0.03 mol) with a yield of 56%; Rf=0.46 (petroleum ether (PE): EtOAc=1:1); mp=156.9° C.-161.8° C.; GC MS(m/s): 220 (25), 126(100), 90(9).
Synthesis of 2-chloro-5-((2-(2-(furan-2-yl)-1-nitrovinyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-1-yl)-methyl) pyridine (Compound 1)




To a 50 ml round bottom flask, 1.27 g (0.005 mol) 2-chloro-5-(2-nitromethylene-imidazolidin-1-ylmethyl)-pyridine, 30 ml anhydrous acetonitrile, 0.576 g (0.006 mol) furaldehyde, and catalytic amount of concentrated HCl were added. The reaction was stirred at r.t. for about two hours to produce a large amount of solid. After the completion of the reaction, the solid was collected by filtration as a crude product. Pure final product (1.5 g) was obtained by recrystallization as yellow powder with 90% yield.
mp=200.4-201.6° C.; 1H NMR (400 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (dd, J1=1.6 Hz, J2=3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.08-4.18 (m, 4H) ppm; 13C NMR (100 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 158.7, 153.2, 150.7, 150.3, 144.9, 140.3, 131.1, 129.7, 129.5, 126.2, 124.7, 115.6, 49.7, 46.9, 44.5 ppm; IR (KBr) 3127, 3106, 2973, 2803, 2608, 1633, 1607, 1581, 1499, 1309, 1021, 883, 790, cm−; HRMS (ES+) calcd for C15H14N4O335Cl (M+H)+, 333.0754; found, 333.0761; calcd for C15H14N4O337Cl (M+H)+, 335.0725; found, 335.0766.
Example 2
Synthesis of 2-chloro-5-((2-(2-(furan-3-yl)-1-nitrovinyl)-4,5-dihydro-imidazol-1-yl)-methyl) pyridine (Compound 2)




To a 50 ml round bottom flask, 1.27 g (0.005 mol) 2-chloro-5-(2-nitromethylene-imidazolidin-1-yl-methyl)-pyridine, 30 ml anhydrous acetonitrile, 0.576 g (0.006 mol) 3-furaldehyde, and catalytic amount of concentrated HCl were added. The reaction was stirred at r.t. for about two hours to produce a large amount of solid. After the completion of the reaction, the solid was collected by filtration as a crude product. Pure final product (0.862 g) was obtained by recrystallization as taupe powder with 51.9% yield.
mp=175.3-175.9° C.; 1H NMR (400 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H) 8.27 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H) 7.71 (dd, J1=2.4 Hz, J2=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 4.05-4.25 (m, 4H) ppm; 13C NMR (100 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 157.9, 154.9, 150.8, 150.6, 148.92, 140.7, 137.8, 129.2, 128.9, 124.8, 116.8, 108.7, 49.7, 46.9, 44.6 ppm; HRMS (EI+) calcd for C15H13N4O335Cl (M+), 332.0676; found, 332.0676; calcd for C15H13N4O337Cl (M+), 334.0674; found, 334.0651.
Example 3
Synthesis of 2-chloro-5-((2-(1-nitro-2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)-4,5-dihydro-imidazol-1-yl)-methyl)pyridine (Compound 16)




To a 50 ml round bottom flask, 1.27 g (0.005 mol) 2-chloro-5-(2-nitromethylene-imidazolidin-1-yl-methyl)-pyridine, 30 ml anhydrous acetonitrile, 0.672 g (0.006 mol) thiophene-1-formaldehyde, and catalytic amount of concentrated HCl were added. The reaction was stirred at r.t. for about 3 hr to produce a large amount of solid. After the completion of the reaction, the solid was collected by filtration as a crude product. Pure final product (1.253 g) was obtained by recrystallization as bright yellow powder with 72.1% yield.
mp=188.8-189.7° C.; 1H NMR (400 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.18 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.14(d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (dd, J1=2.0 Hz, J2=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.82(d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 4H) ppm; 13C NMR (100 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 157.8, 150.8, 150.6, 143.2, 140.6, 140.4, 139.3, 131.4, 130.6, 129.1, 127.2, 124.7 49.7, 46.9, 44.8 ppm; HRMS (EI+) calcd for C15H13N4O2S35Cl (M+), 348.0448; found, 348.0446; calcd for C15H13N4O2S37Cl (M+), 335.0418; found, 350.0431.
Example 4
Synthesis of 1-((2-chlorothiozol-5-yl)methyl)-2-(2-(furan-2-yl)-1-nitrovinyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (Compound 68)
According to the method of Example 1, 1-((2-chlorothiozol-5-yl)methyl)-2-(nitromethylene)-1-imidazolidine was obtained in a yield of 56% yield using 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)thiazole (0.03 mol) instead of 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl) pyridine as a starting material. GC MS(m/s) 226 (24), 132(100), 77(9).
Synthesis of 1-((2-chlorothiozol-5-yl)methyl)-2-(2-(furan-2-yl)-1-nitro-vinyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H -imidazole




To a 50 ml round bottom flask, 1.30 g (0.005 mol) 1-((2-chlorothiozol-5-yl)methyl)-2-(nitromethylene)-1-imidazolidine, 30 ml anhydrous acetonitrile, 0.576 g (0.006 mol) furaldehyde, and catalytic amount of concentrated HCl were added. The reaction was stirred at r.t. for about 3 hr to produce a large amount of solid. After the completion of the reaction, the solid was collected by filtration as a crude product. Pure final product (0.579 g) was obtained by recrystallization as yellow powder with 33.3% yield.
mp=198.2-198.7° C.; 1H NMR (400 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 6.92-6.93 (m, 1H), 4.97 (s, 2H), 4.13 (s, 4H) ppm; 13C NMR (100 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 158.4, 153.2, 152.2, 145.0, 142.9, 133.6, 131.2, 129.7, 126.0, 115.7, 49.3, 44.6, 42.3 ppm; HRMS (EI+) calcd for C13H11N4O3S35Cl (M+), 338.0240; found, 338.0240. calcd for C13H11N4O3S37Cl (M+), 340.0211; found, 340.0213.
Example 5
Synthesis of 1-((2-chlorothiozol-5-yl)-2-(1-nitro-2-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)vinyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (Compound 70)




To a 50 ml round bottom flask, 1.30 g (0.005 mol) 1-((2-chlorothiozol-5-yl)methyl)-2-(nitromethylene)-1-imidazolidine, 30 ml anhydrous acetonitrile, 0.576 g (0.006 mol) furfuraldehyde, and catalytic amount of concentrated HCl were added. The reaction was stirred at r.t. for about 3 hr to produce a large amount of solid. After the completion of the reaction, the solid was collected by filtration as a crude product. Pure final product (0.970 g) was obtained by recrystallization as yellow powder with 53.3% yield.
mp=189.2-190.7° C.; 1H NMR (400 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 6.91-6.93 (m, 1H), 4.95 (s, 2H), 4.13 (s, 4 H) ppm; 13C NMR (100 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 157.4, 153.1, 152.2, 146.0, 143.9, 133.8, 131.9, 129.0, 126.7, 115.7, 49.5, 44.6, 42.6 ppm; HRMS (EI+) calcd for C13H10N5O5S35Cl (M+), 383.0091; found, 383.0087. calcd for C13H10N5O5S37Cl (M+), 385.0062; found, 385.050.
Example 6
Synthesis of ((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-2-(2-(furan-2-yl)-1-nitrovinyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyrimidine (Compound 46)
According to the methods disclosed in WO 2006056108A1 and WO2007101369A1, 1-(6-chloro-3-methylpyridinyl)-2-nitromethylene hexahydro-pyrimidine was produced in a yield of 56% started from parachloropyridine (2.42 g, 0.015 mol). Rf=0.19 (EtOH/DCM=1:1); mp=175.7-182.6° C. GC MS (m/s) 225(100), 196(9), 154(10), 139(11), 126(31), 113(10), 99(31).
Synthesis of 1-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-2-(2-(furan-2-yl)-1-nitrovinyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine




The compound was prepared according to the method disclosed in Example 1 with 51% yield stared from 1-(6-chloropyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-nitromethylene-hexahydropyrimidine.
mp=162.5-163.9° C.; 1H NMR (400 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (dd, J1=1.6 Hz, J2=3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.08-4.18 (m, 4H), 3.51-3.56(m, 1H) ppm; 13C NMR (100 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 158.7, 153.2, 150.7, 150.3, 144.9, 140.3, 131.1, 129.7, 129.5, 126.2, 124.7, 115.6, 49.7, 46.9, 44.5, 39.8 ppm; HRMS (EI+) calcd for C16H15N4O335Cl (M+H)+, 346.0833; found, 346.0877. calcd for C16H15N4O337Cl (M+H)+, 348.0803; found, 348.0897.
Example 7
Synthesis of N-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-N-ethyl-3-(furan-2-yl)-N′-methyl-2-nitro acrylamidine (Compound 151)
(1): Synthesis of N-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl-methene)ethylamine




To a three necked 300 mL round bottom flask which was equipped with a pressure-equalizing dropping funnel and a thermometer, 65-70% aqueous ethylamine solution (70 g, 1 mol), and acetonitrile (50 mL) were added. The solution was stirred in ice bath for 15 min to keep the temperature at about 0° C. Then, 6-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)pyridine (16.10 g, 0.10 mol) in 25 ml acetonitrile was added by pressure-equalizing dropping funnel in 3.5 hr with a speed of 3 drop/min. After completion, the reaction was diluted with water and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was collected to obtain 14 g N-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl-methylene)ethylamine as oil with 70% yield. GC-MS: m/z (%)=170 ([M]+, 20), 155 (80), 126 (100), 114 (10), 90 (12).
(2): Synthesis of N-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methylene)-N-ethyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitrovinylidene amine




To a 100 ml three necked round bottom flask, N-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl-methylene)ethylamine (17.0 g, 0.1 mol), 1,1-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethene (15.0 g, 0.09 mol), anhydrous ethanol (50 mL) were added. The mixture was refluxed until full convention and cooled to r.t., The reaction was concentrated with reduced pressure to obtain a crude product as dense liquid, which was purified by column chromatography to yield 5.3 g N-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl-methylene)-N-ethyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitrovinylidene amine in 18.5% yield.
GC-MS: m/z (%)=242 ([M]+-46, 53), 227 (15), 213 (100), 169 (45), 155 (28), 141 (29), 126 (91), 90 (12).
(3): Synthesis of N-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl-methylene)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-2-nitrovinylidene-diamine




To a 100 ml round bottom flask, N-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl-methylene)-N-ethyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitrovinylidene amine (5.0 g, 0.017 mol), methylamine alcohol solution (1.8 g, 0.017 mol methylamine), anhydrous ethanol (30 mL) were added. The mixture was stirred in ice bath to lower the temperature to 0° C. and keep such a temperature till the end of the reaction. The solution was concentrated by rotary evaporation to obtain a slurry. The slurry was solved in DCM and purified by column chromatography using DCM/EtOH=25:1 as eluent on a column filled with silicon gel. 0.9 g N-(6-chloropyridin -3-yl-methylene)-N-ethyl-N′-methyl-2 -nitrovinylidene diamine was obtained with 19.1% yield. Rf=0.23 (TLC: DCM/Acetone=5:1,); mp=78-80° C.; GC-MS: m/z (%)=236 ([M]+-34, 32), 207 (49), 169 (52), 126 (49), 110 (20), 90 (16), 67 (100), 16.65.
(4): Synthesis of N-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-N-ethyl-3-(furan-2-yl)-N′-methyl-2-nitroacrylamidine




To a 50 ml round bottom flask, 1.35 g (0.005 mol) N-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl-methylene)-N-ethyl-N′-methyl-2-nitrovinylidene diamine, 30 ml anhydrate acetonitrile, 0.576 g (0.006 mol) furaldehyde and catalytic amount of concentrated HCl were added. The reaction was stirred at r.t. for about 6 hr to produce a large amount of solid. After the completion of the reaction, the solid was collected by filtration as a crude product. Pure final product (0.986 g) was obtained by recrystallization as yellow powder with 70.1% yield.
mp=155.3-155.7° C.; 1H NMR (400 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.81 (s, 1H), 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J1=2.4 Hz, J2 =8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 4.44-4.50 (m, 2H), 2.96-3.26 (m, 2H), 2.86 (s, 3H), 1.16-1.26 (m, 3H) ppm; 13C NMR (100 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 158.5, 154.4, 151.6, 150.8, 148.1, 139.3, 137.1, 129.6, 128.6, 125.1, 117.8, 107.8, 49.8, 46.9, 40.6, 21.9 ppm; HRMS (EI+) calcd for C16H17N4O335Cl (M+), 348.0989; found, 348.0996. calcd for C16H17N4O337Cl (M+), 350.0960; found, 350.0971.
Example 8
Synthesis of N-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-N-ethyl-N′-methyl-2-nitro-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl) acrylamidine (Compound 160)




The synthesis was carried out according to Example 1, except that the starting material furaldehyde was replaced with pyrrole-2-formaldehyde. The yield was 69%.
mp=165.3-166.7° C.; 1H NMR (400 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J1=2.4 Hz, J2=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.06 (s, 1H), 4.50-4.58 (m, 2H), 2.86-3.21 (m, 2H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 1.12-1.21 (m, 3H) ppm; 13C NMR (100 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 158.0, 154.8, 150.6, 150.1, 148.5, 140.3, 137.1, 129.7, 128.6, 125.8, 117.8, 108.8, 49.7, 46.9, 40.6, 21.1 ppm; HRMS (EI+) calcd for C16H18N5O235Cl (M+), 347.1149; found, 347.1166. calcd for C16H18N5O237Cl (M+), 349.1120; found, 349.1138.
Example 9
Synthesis of 2-(2-(furan-2-yl)-1-nitrovinyl)-1-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (Compound 91)
(1): N′-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl)ethane-1,2-diamine




A solution of 3-(chloromethyl)tetrahydrofuran (0.2 mol), K2CO3 (0.2 mol) and ethylenediamine (0.2 mol) in 200 mL ethanol was added into a round bottom flask and refluxed for 24 hrs. The mixture was then concentrated to obtain N-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl) ethane-1,2-diamine as yellow oil with 77% yield was obtained. GC MS(m/s) 144 (67), 99(100).
(2): 1-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl)-2-(nitromethylene)-1-imidazolidine




A solution of 1,1-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethylene (2.5 g, 0.0178 mol) and N′-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (2.56 g, 0.0178 mol) in 50 ml ethanol was refluxed at 80-90° C. for 8 hrs, and then cooled to r.t. The resulted solid was concentrated, filtrated, and dried to obtain light yellow powder product with 81% yield. GC MS (m/s) 177(29), 99(100), 56(9).
(3): 2-(2-(furan-2-yl)-1-nitrovinyl)-1-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole




To a 50 ml round bottom flask, 1.065 g (0.005 mol) 1-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl)-2-(nitromethylene)-imidazoline, 30 ml anhydrous acetonitrile, 0.576 g (0.006 mol) furaldehyde and catalytic amount of concentrated HCl were added. The reaction was stirred at r.t. for 8 hrs to produce a large amount of solid. After the completion of the reaction, the solid was collected by filtration to obtain a crude product. Pure final product (0.832 g) was obtained by recrystallization as yellow powder with 75.1% yield.
mp=115.3-116.9° C.; 1H NMR (400 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 6.61 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 2H), 4.05-4.25 (m, 4H), 3.85-3.96 (m, 4H), 2.25 (m, 1H), 1.63 (m, 2H) ppm; 13C NMR (100 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 158.0, 152.9, 148.7, 135.8, 129.7, 124.8, 116.8, 80.6, 78.5, 49.7, 46.9, 44.6, 36.8, 33.9 ppm; HRMS (EI+) calcd for C14H17N3O4(M+), 291.1219; found, 291.1198.
Example 10
Synthesis of the Onium Salt of Compound 244
(1): Synthesis of 2-chloro-5-(3-methyl-2-nitromethylene-imidazolidin -1-ylmethyl)-pyridine




To a round bottom flask, 2-chloro-5-(2-nitromethylene-imidazolidin-1-yl) methyl)-pyridine (2.54 g, 0.01 mol), K2CO3 (2.05 g, 0.015 mol), and 20 ml dry DMF were added. Iodomethane (1.55, 1.1 mol) was added dropwise into the stirred mixture. The reaction was stirred for another 2 hrs, and then supplied with 50 ml water, extracted by DCM (5×20 ml). The organic phase was combined and concentrated to obtain 2.1 g product as white powder with 79% yield.
(2): Synthesis of the Onium Salt




To a 50 ml round bottom flask, 1.33 g (0.005 mol) 2-chloro-5-(3-methyl-2-nitromethylene-imidazolidin-1-yl-methyl)pyridine, 30 ml anhydrous acetonitrile, 0.576 g (0.006 mol) furaldehyde and catalytic amount of concentrated HCl were added. The reaction was stirred at r.t. for 5 hrs to obtain a large amount of solid. After the completion of the reaction, the solid was collected by filtration as a crude product. Pure final product (1.300 g) was obtained by recrystallization as yellow powder with 77% yield.
mp=211.8-213.0° C.; 1H NMR (400 Mz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.73 (s, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.66-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J1=1.6 Hz, J2=3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.10-4.18 (m, 4H), 3,21(s, 3H) ppm; HRMS (ES+) calcd for C16H16N4O335Cl (M+H)+, 347.0911; found, 347.0771. calcd for Cl16H16N4O337Cl (M+H)+, 349.0881; found, 335.0776.
Example 11
Insecticidal Activity Tests of the Compounds of the Present Invention
(1): Insecticidal Activities to Aphids
Aphis (Aphis craccivoral), which belongs to Homoptera and has a piercing-sucking mouthpart, is a common insect for agricultural plant. Aphis craccivoral was tested by immersion method.
Procedure: exactly weighed various samples were independently added to N,N-dimethylformamide to form 10 g/L stock solutions. The stock solutions were diluted with 0.2 mL/L aqueous Triton X-100 solution to a concentration of 500 ppm. After stably sucking on bean sprout, the wingless adult aphis together with bean sprout were dipped into 500 ppm dilution, taken out after 5 seconds, and the excess dilution was sucked off with bibulous paper. The treated wingless adult aphis was incubated in clean vessel at a constant temperature of 23° C. Each concentration was repeated for 3 times and the control group was treated with 0.2mL/L aqueous Triton X-100 solution. The number of killed aphis was counted after 24 hours and the mortality was to calculated according to the following formula:
Mortality (%)=(the number of the survival aphis in control group−the number of the survival aphis in the treatment group)/the number of the survival aphis in control group×100%
The results were shown in Tables 1-3 below.
(2): Insecticidal Activities to Plant hopper
Plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens), which belongs to Homoptera and has a piercing-sucking mouthpart, is a common insect for agricultural plant. Nilaparvata lugens was tested by spraying method.
Procedure: the test compound was exactly formulated with acetone to form solutions having concentrations of 500, 250, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.13, 1.57 and 0.79 ppm, respectively. Aqueous acetone solution was used as control. Each treatment was repeated for 3 tumblers (3 times). Two ml of solution was sprayed uniformly to each tumbler with a mini manual sprayer. 10 insects were introduced to every basin 6 hours before spraying. Three series of experiments were conducted. The number of killed insects was counted after 24 hours to calculate the mortality according to the above mentioned formula. The results were shown in Tables 1-3 bellow.
(3): Insecticidal Activities to Armyworm
Armyworm (Pseudaletia separate Walker) was tested by the way of leaf dipping and feeding. The test compound was exactly formulated with acetone into solutions having concentrations of 500, 250, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.13 and 1.57 ppm, respectively. Aqueous acetone solution was used as control. Fresh maize leaves were immersed in the solution for 3 seconds, dried at room temperature, and fed to the tested insects. Each treatment was tested with 10 insects and repeated for 3 tumblers (3 times). The number of killed insects was counted after 24 hours to calculate the mortality according to the above mentioned formula. The results were shown in Tables 1-3 bellow.
(4): Insecticidal Activities to Diamondback Moth
Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) was tested by the way of feeding dippedleaves. Fresh cabbage leaves were immersed in above mentioned solution for 3 seconds, dried at room temperature, and fed to the tested insects. Each treatment was tested with 10 insects and repeated for 3 tumblers (3 times), while water was used as control. The number of killed insects was counted after 24 hours to calculate the mortality according to the above mentioned formula. The results were shown in Tables 1-3 bellow.







TABLE 1







Insecticidal activities of compounds (I)


(I)








 





















Insecticidal activities


























Pseudaletia










Aphis
Nilaparvata
separate
Plutella









craccivoral
lugens
Walker
xylostella









Mortality
Mortality
Mortality
Mortality









(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)


Compd.
R1
R2
Z
Y
R5
n
500 ppm
500 ppm
500 ppm
500 ppm




















1




H




NO2
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0
100
100
100
100


 


2




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100
100
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15




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16




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17




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18




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19




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20




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21




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23




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24




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25




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26




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27




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28




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29




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30




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31




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32




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33




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34




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35




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36




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98
89
100
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37




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34
56
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38




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97
100
95
87


 


39




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24
35
35
21


 


40




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45
44
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56


 


41




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89
87
100
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42




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45
36
87
90.


 


43




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0
76
90
95
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44




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67
92
97
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45




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56
76
89
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46




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100
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47




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48




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49




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50




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51




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53




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54




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55




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56




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57




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1
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78
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58




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1
86
65
98
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59




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1
57
84
86
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60




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56
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61




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1
100
100
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62




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1
90
100
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63




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98
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64




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65




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NO2
H
1
73
100
92
100


 


66




H




NO2
H
1
56
87
87
100


 


67




H




NO2
H
1
65
83
90
100


 


68




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


69




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


70




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
98
100


 


71




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


72




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


73




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


74




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


75




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


76




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


77




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


78




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


79




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


80




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


81




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


82




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


83




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


84




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


85




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


86




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


87




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


88




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


89




H




NO2
H
0
100
100
97
100


 


91




H




NO2
H
0
87
100
98
100


 


92




H




NO2
H
0
80
100
100
100


 


93




H




NO2
H
0
78
87
100
96


 


94




H




NO2
H
0
46
77
77
83


 


95




H




NO2
H
0
65
61
87
92


 


96




H




NO2
H
0
32
50
58
52


 


97




H




NO2
H
0
76
88
90
86


 


98




H




NO2
H
0
76
90
68
77


 


99




H




NO2
H
0
87
97
100
100


 


100




H




NO2
H
0
90
100
100
100


 


101




H




NO2
H
0
76
65
65
78


 


102




H




NO2
H
0
75
89
89
97


 


103




H




NO2
H
0
86
100
70
25


 


104




H




NO2
H
0
96
100
79
81


 


105




H




NO2
H
0
80
100
98
90


 


106




H




NO2
H
0
91
87
59
75


 


107




H




NO2
H
0
82
92
96
85


 


108




H




NO2
H
0
87
95
24
24


 


109




H




NO2
H
0
91
100
60
56


 


110




H




NO2
H
0
58
23
85
51


 


111




CH3




NO2
H
0
45
53
77
25


 


112




CH3




NO2
H
0
56
76
68
53


 


113




CH3




NO2
H
0
80
100
100
100


 


114




CH3




NO2
H
0
92
100
10
30


 


115




CH3




NO2
H
0
93
100
79
96


 


116




CH3




NO2
H
0
89
94
76
64


 


117




CH3




NO2
H
0
83
88
77
86


 


118




CH3




NO2
H
0
93
90
19
23


 


119




CH3




NO2
H
0
75
91
46
87


 


120




CH3




NO2
H
0
52
86
59
68


 


121




H




NO2
CH3
0
100
100
100
56


 


123




H




NO2
CH3
0
100
100
100
100


 


124




H




NO2
CH3
0
100
100
100
100


 


125




H




NO2
CH3
0
100
100
98
100


 


126




H




NO2
CH3
0
100
100
100
100


 


127




H




NO2
CH3
0
100
100
100
100


 


128




H




NO2
CH3
0
100
100
100
100


 


129




H




NO2
CH3
0
100
100
100
80


 


130




H




NO2
CH3
0
100
100
100
76


 


131




H




NO2
CH3
0
100
100
100
63


 


132




H




NO2
C2H5
0
73
84
89
99


 


133




CH3




NO2
CH3
0
48
50
90
68


 


134




CH3




NO2
CH3
0
38
51
52
46


 


135




CH3




NO2
CH3
0
56
63
45
56


 


136




CH3




NO2
CH3
0
100
100
100
100


 


137




CH3




NO2
CH3
0
98
100
100
100


 


138




CH3




NO2
CH3
0
100
100
100
100


 


139




CH3




NO2
CH3
0
93
100
95
100


 


140




H




CN
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


141




H




CN
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


142




H




CN
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


143




H




CN
H
0
75
100
86
85


 


144




H




CN
H
0
87
100
90
100


 


145




H




CN
H
0
92
100
100
100


 


146




H




CN
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


147




H




CN
H
0
100
100
100
100


 


148




H




CN
H
0
97
100
100
100


 


149




H




CN
H
0
94
100
97
100


 


150




H




CN
H
0
95
100
100
100
















TABLE 2







Insecticidal activities of compounds (II)


(II)








 























Insecticidal activities




























Pseuda-











Aphis
Nilapar-
letia











cracci-
vata
separate
Plutella










voral
lugens
Walker
xylostella










Mortality 
Mortality
Mortality
Mortality










(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)


Compd.
R1
R2
R3
R4
Z
Y
R5
500 ppm
500 ppm
500 ppm
500 ppm





151




H
H
CH3




NO2
H
76
87
86
79


 


152




H
H
CH3




NO2
H
67
64
80
40


 


153




H
H
CH3




NO2
H
56
87
90
100 


 


154




H
H
CH3




NO2
H
52
65
100 
100 


 


155




H
H
CH3




NO2
H
67
36
97
100 


 


156




H
H
CH3




NO2
H
89
90
100 
100 


 


157




H
H
CH3




NO2
H
100 
97
100 
100 


 


158




H
H
CH3




NO2
H
43
43
67
24


 


159




H
H
CH3




NO2
H
55
67
78
75


 


160




H
H
CH3




NO2
H
56
54
64
100 


 


161




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
100 
65
100 
100 


 


162




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


163




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


164




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


165




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


166




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
98
100 
100 
100 


 


167




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


168




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
80
90
100 
100 


 


169




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
76
67
97
100 


 


170




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
89
34
100 
100 


 


171




H
CH3
C2H5




NO2
H
93
100 
100 
100 


 


172




H
CH3
C2H5




NO2
H
96
100 
100 
100 


 


173




H
CH3
C2H5




NO2
H
87
85
100 
100 


 


174




H
CH3
C2H5




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


175




H
CH3
C2H5




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


176




H
CH3
C2H5




NO2
H
86
100 
45
84


 


177




H
CH3
C2H5




NO2
H
87
100 
64
53


 


178




H
CH3
C2H5




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


179




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
98
100 


 


180




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


181




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


182




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


183




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


184




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
98
100 
100 
100 


 


185




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


186




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


187




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


188




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


189




H
C2H5
C2H5




NO2
H
86
100 
89
93


 


190




H
C2H5
C2H5




NO2
H
87
100 
45
59


 


191




H
C2H5
C2H5




NO2
H
95
100 
76
62


 


192




H
C2H5
C2H5




NO2
H
97
100 
67
57


 


193




H
C2H5
C2H5




NO2
H
89
100 
56
11


 


194




CH3
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
98
100 
100 
100 


 


195




CH3
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
n.t.
100 
100 


 


196




CH3
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
98


 


197




CH3
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
98
100 
86
53


 


198




CH3
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
86
100 
57
65


 


199




CH3
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
84
100 
47
98


 


200




CH3
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


201




CH3
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
90
100 


 


202




CH3
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
98
100 


 


203




CH3
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


204




CH3
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
92
100 
73
78


 


205




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
CH3
56
87
87
65


 


206




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
CH3
65
44
90
100 


 


207




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
CH3
94
100 
100 
100 


 


208




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
CH3
42
100 
73
45


 


209




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
CH3
88
100 
98
100 


 


210




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
CH3
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


211




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
CH3
73
73
94
100 


 


212




CH3
CH3
CH3




NO2
CH3
96
100 
78
59


 


213




CH3
CH3
CH3




NO2
CH3
89
68
76
54


 


214




CH3
CH3
CH3




NO2
CH3
98
100 
93
100 


 


215




CH3
CH3
CH3




NO2
CH3
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


216




CH3
CH3
CH3




NO2
CH3
100 
100 
100 
100 


 


217




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
77
43
88
63


 


218




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
88
86
97
100 


 


219




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
87
87
98
100 


 


220




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
80
67
100 
100 


 


221




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
78
87
100 
95


 


222




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
46
67
77
98


 


223




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
65
53
87
86


 


224




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
32
52
58
65


 


225




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
90
78
76
98


 


226




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
68
49
76
80


 


227




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
87
100 


 


228




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
90
100 


 


229




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
65
75
76
35


 


230




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
75
50
89
33


 


231




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
37
76
53
87


 


232




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
96
56
100 
100 


 


233




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
80
86
98
100 


 


234




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
37
44
50
41


 


235




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
91
86
99
100 


 


236




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
82
79
96
100 


 


237




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
87
98
100 
100 


 


238




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
91
98
100 
100 


 


239




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
58
34
85
56


 


240




H
CH3
CH3




NO2
H
77
68
45
86


 


241




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
68
76
56
62


 


242




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
100 
100 
80
87


 


243




H
C2H5
CH3




NO2
H
96
100 
100 
100
















TABLE 3







Insecticidal activities of compounds (III)


(III)








 

























Insecticidal activities




























Aphis
Nilaparvata
Pseudaletia
Plutella











craccivoral
lugens
separate
xylostella











Mortality
Mortality
Walker
Mortality











(%)
(%)
Mortality (%)
(%)


Compd.
R1
R2
Z
Y
R5
R6
X−
n
500 ppm
500 ppm
500 ppm
500 ppm






















244




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


245




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


246




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


247




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


248




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


249




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


250




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


251




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


252




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


253




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


254




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


255




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


256




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


257




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


258




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


259




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


260




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
90
92
80
89


 


261




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


262




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


263




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


264




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


265




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


266




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


267




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


268




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


269




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


270




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


271




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


272




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


273




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


274




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


275




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


276




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


277




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


278




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


279




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


280




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


281




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


282




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


283




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


284




H




NO2
H
CH3
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


285




H




NO2
H
C2H5
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


286




H




NO2
H
C2H5
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


287




H




NO2
H
C2H5
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


288




H




NO2
H
C2H5
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


289




H




NO2
H
C2H5
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


291




H




NO2
H
C2H5
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


292




H




NO2
H
C2H5
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


293




H




NO2
H
C2H5
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


294




H




NO2
H
C2H5
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100


 


295




H




NO2
H
C2H5
Cl−
0
100
100
100
100









Example 12
Preparation of Insecticidal Composition Comprising the Active Compounds of the Present Invention
(a) Oily Suspension
The following components were prepared: 25 wt % of compound selected from compounds 1-10; 5 wt % polyoxyethylene sorbital hexaoleate; and 70 wt % higher aliphatic hydrocarbon oil. All of the components were ground in a sand mill until the particle size of the solid particles was reduced to less than about 5 micrometer. The resulting viscous suspension can be used directly or may be used after it was emulsified in water.
(b) Aqueous Suspension
The following components were prepared: 25 wt % of compound selected from compounds 151-160; 3 wt % hydrate attapulagit; 10 wt % calcium lignosulphonate; 0.5 wt % sodium dihydrogen phosphate; and 61.5 wt % water. All of the components were ground in a ball mill until the particle size of the solid particles was reduced to less than about 10 micrometer. The aqueous suspension can be used directly.
(c) Bait formulation
The following components were prepared: 0.1-10 wt % of compound selected from compounds 244-251; 80 wt % wheat flour; and 19.9-10 wt % molasses. All of the components were sufficiently mixed and shaped according to the need. The edible bait can be applied to, for example, domestic or industrial places (such as kitchen, hospital, store and outdoor area) that were invaded by public health insects so as to kill and prevent the insects via oral ingestion.
All the documents cited herein are incorporated into the invention as reference, as if each of them is individually incorporated. Further, it would be appreciated that, in light of the above described teaching of the invention, the skilled in the art could make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalents would still be within the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims of the application.

## Claims

1. A compound represented by formula (A), or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof,




wherein:
R1 is an unsubstituted or halogenated 5 or 6 membered heterocycle interrupted by nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur atom(s), or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, and the substituents are one or more groups selected from halogen atom, C1-4 haloalkyl and C1-4 chloroalkoxyl;
R2 is a hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 alkyl substituted by fluoro, chloro or bromo;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, allyl, benzyl, C1-4 alkoxyl-C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl-carbonyl, phenoxylcarbonyl, C2-6 alkynyl-carbonyl, C2-3 alkenyl-carbonyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-carbonyl, furan carbonyl, N,N-dimethyl carbonyl, unsubstituted benzoyl or benzoyl substituted by one or more groups selected from halogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, and C1-4 alkyl-carbonyl, or R3 and
R4 taken together forms a —CH2—CH2— or —CH2—CH2—CH2 —;
R5 is a hydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated halogenated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, or saturated or unsaturated C1-6alkoxyl;
W is absent, or while R3 and R4 taken together forms —CH2—CH2— or —CH2—CH2—CH2—, W is R6 which forms onium salt with X− by the nitrogen atom connected with R6, wherein
R6 is a hydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, or saturated unsaturated halogenated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, or saturated or unsaturated C1-6 alkoxyl;
X− is F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, NO3−, SO4−, AcO−, or PhCOO−;
Y is a nitro or cyano group;
Z is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5 or 6 membered heterocycle interrupted by nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur atom(s), or substituted or unsubstituted C5-12 heteroaryl, wherein the substituents are one or more groups selected from:
halogen atom, nitro, C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, amino, C1-6 alkylamino, unsubstituted phenyl, or phenyl substituted by one or more groups selected from:
halogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-4 alkyl-carbonyl, C1-4 alkylamino and C1-4 alkoxyl-carbonyl.

2. The compound according to claim 1, or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is represented by one of the following formulas:



wherein R1 is an unsubstituted or halogenated 5 or 6 membered heterocycle interrupted by nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur atom(s), or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, and the substituents are one or more groups selected from halogen atom, C1-4 haloalkyl and C1-4 chloroalkoxyl;
R2 is a hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 alkyl substituted by fluoro, chloro or bromo;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, allyl, benzyl, C1-4 alkoxyl-C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl-carbonyl, phenoxylcarbonyl, C2-6 alkynyl-carbonyl, C2-3 alkenyl-carbonyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-carbonyl, furan carbonyl, N,N-dimethyl carbonyl, unsubstituted benzoyl or benzoyl substituted by one or more groups selected from halogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, and C1-4 alkyl-carbonyl, or R3 and R4 taken together forms a —CH2—CH2— or —CH2—CH2 —CH2—;
R5 is a hydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated halogenated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, or saturated or unsaturated C1-6 alkoxyl;
R6 is a hydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated halogenated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, or saturated or unsaturated C1-6 alkoxyl;
X− is F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, NO3−, SO4−, AcO−, or PhCOO−;
Y is a nitro or cyano group;
Z is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5 or 6 membered heterocycle interrupted by nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur atom(s), or substituted or unsubstituted C5-12 heteroaryl, wherein the substituents are one or more groups selected from:
halogen atom, nitro, C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, amino, C1-6 alkylamino, unsubstituted phenyl, or phenyl substituted by one or more groups selected from:

halogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-4 alkyl-carbonyl, C1-4 alkylamino and C1-4 alkoxyl-carbonyl, and n represents 0 or 1.

3. The compound according to claim 1, or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 represents unsubstituted or halogenated groups selected from pyridyl, thiazolyl, pyrimidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, and oxazolyl.

4. The compound according to claim 1, or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 represents hydrogen atom or C1-6 alkyl.

5. The compound according to claim 1, or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 and R4 are hydrogen atom or C1-6 alkyl.

6. The compound according to claim 1, or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 represents hydrogen atom or C1-6 alkyl.

7. The compound according to claim 1, or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof, wherein R6 represents hydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated C1-3 hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated halogenated C1-3 hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated C1-3 alkoxyl; and X− represents F−, Cl−, Br−, NO3−, SO4−, AcO−, or PhCOO−.

8. The compound according to claim 1, or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z represents substituted or unsubstituted furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, or oxazolyl, and wherein the substituents are selected from halogen atom, nitro, C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, amino, C1-6 alkylamino, unsubstituted phenyl, and phenyl substituted by one or more groups selected from:
halogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-4 alkyl-carbonyl, C1-4 alkylamino, and C1-4 alkoxyl-carbonyl.

9. An insecticidal composition, which comprises:
(a) 0.001 wt %-99.99 wt % the compound according to claim 1, or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof, or the combinations thereof; and
(b) insecticidal acceptable carrier(s) and/or excipient(s).

10. The composition according to claim 9, wherein said composition is used to kill or control the insects chosen from: Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Isoptera or dipteral insects, more preferably Isoptera or Lepidoptera insects.

11. An insecticidal and/or insect controlling method which comprises the step of applying the insecticidal composition according to claim 10 to plants, the surrounding fields or the environment thereof that are being attacked or possibly to be attacked by insects.

12. A method for the preparation of the compound claim 1, or the optical isomer, cis-trans isomer, or insecticidal acceptable salt thereof, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
in presence of catalytic amount of acid, reacting a compound of formula (a) with an aldehyde of formula (b) or a ketone of formula (c) at 0-60° C. to obtain the compound of formula (A),




wherein, R1 is an unsubstituted or halogenated 5 or 6 membered heterocycle interrupted by nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur atom(s), or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, and the substituents are one or more groups selected from halogen atom, C1-4 haloalkyl and C1-4 chloroalkoxyl;
R2 is a hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 alkyl substituted by fluoro, chloro or bromo;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, allyl, benzyl, C1-4 alkoxyl-C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl-carbonyl, phenoxylcarbonyl, C2-6 alkynyl-carbonyl, C2-3 alkenyl-carbonyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-carbonyl, furan carbonyl, N,N-dimethyl carbonyl, unsubstituted benzoyl or benzoyl substituted by one or more groups selected from halogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, and C1-4 alkyl-carbonyl, or R3 and R4 taken together forms a —CH2—CH2— or —CH2—CH2 —CH2—;
R5 is a hydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated halogenated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, or saturated or unsaturated C1-6 alkoxyl;
W is absent, or while R3 and R4 taken together forms —CH213 CH2 — or —CH2—CH2—CH2—, W is R6 which forms onium salt with X− by the nitrogen atom connected with R6,
R6 is a hydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated halogenated C1-6 hydrocarbon group, or saturated or unsaturated C1-6 alkoxyl;
X− is F−, Cl−, Br−, NO3−, SO4−, AcO−, or PhCOO−
Y is a nitro or cyano group;
Z is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5 or 6 membered heterocycle interrupted by nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur atom(s), or substituted or unsubstituted C5-12 heteroaryl, wherein the substituents are one or more groups selected from:
halogen atom, nitro, C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, amino, C1-6 alkylamino, unsubstituted phenyl, or phenyl substituted by one or more groups selected from:

halogen atom, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-4 alkyl-carbonyl, C1-4 alkylamino and C1-4 alkoxyl-carbonyl, B represents hydrogen atom or R6;
provided that when W exists in the compound of formula (A) and represents R6, the method further comprises the step of forming an onium salt by further reacting with an acid comprising X−.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I), (II) or (III), and the preparation thereof includes the following steps:
in the presence of catalytic amount of acid, carrying out the following reaction in acetonitrile at 20-30° C. for 2-24 hours to obtain the compound of formula (I):




in the presence of catalytic amount of acid, carrying out the following reaction in acetonitrile at 20-30° C. for 2-24 hours to obtain the compound of formula (II):





or
in the presence of catalytic amount of acid, carrying out the following reaction in acetonitrile at 10-50° C. for 2-24 hours to obtain the compound of formula (III)