2022 IL App (1st) 210048-U 

Order filed: February 17, 2022

FIRST DISTRICT

FOURTH DIVISION

No. 1-21-0048 

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the 

limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).

______________________________________________________________________________ 

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT

______________________________________________________________________________ 

______________________________________________________________________________ 

JUSTICE ROCHFORD delivered the judgment of the court.

 Presiding Justice Reyes and Justice Lampkin concurred in the judgment. 

 

ORDER

¶ 1 Held: Dismissal of plaintiff’s first amended complaint is affirmed where plaintiff did not 

adequately plead damages, a necessary element of each of its causes of action. 

¶ 2 Plaintiff-appellant, Gallery-Lauderdale, LLC, appeals from the dismissal of its first 

amended complaint against defendants-appellees, Amy Daleo, Cohon Raizes & Regal, LLC

(Cohon), Karen Witt, Michael Palmieri, and Specialty Industries II, LLC. For the following 

reasons we affirm.

GALLERY-LAUDERDALE, LLC,

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

v. 

AMY DALEO; COHON RAIZES & REGAL, LLC; 

KAREN WITT; MICHAEL PALMIERI; and

SPECIALTY INDUSTRIES II, LLC,

Defendants-Appellees.

Appeal from the

Circuit Court of

Cook County.

No. 19 L 14214

Honorable 

Michael F. Otto, 

Judge, presiding. 

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¶ 3 Plaintiff filed its initial complaint in December 2019. After that complaint was dismissed—

without prejudice and with leave to replead—the operative first amended complaint was filed on 

September 9, 2020.

¶ 4 Therein, plaintiff generally alleged that it was an Illinois limited liability corporation whose 

sole members were Jenell Sisk (with a 51% interest) and defendant Witt (with a 49% interest). 

Sisk was the manager of plaintiff, and for all relevant matters she had the exclusive right to manage 

plaintiff’s business and affairs. These allegations were supported by a copy of plaintiff’s articles 

of incorporation and operating agreement, both of which were attached as exhibits to the 

complaint. On or about March 19, 2009, plaintiff purchased a condominium unit in the Gallery 

One Hotel located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, as reflected in a warranty deed also attached as an 

exhibit to the complaint. Plaintiff allegedly earned income via short-term rentals of the 

condominium at the hotel, though no certain amount of income was guaranteed.

¶ 5 In early November 2019, and on behalf of plaintiff, Sisk entered into a listing agreement 

for the condominium with a real estate broker located in Fort Lauderdale. Pursuant to the listing 

agreement attached as an exhibit to the complaint, the agreement was to last until May 4, 2020. 

The condominium was to be offered for sale at $224,900, although the agreement only required 

the broker to make “efforts” to sell the condominium and both plaintiff and the broker specifically 

acknowledged that “this Agreement does not guarantee a sale.”

¶ 6 Prior to the execution of the listing agreement, a $507,500 judgment was entered in a 

separate lawsuit in favor of Palmieri and Specialty Industries, LLC and against several defendants, 
No. 1-21-0048 

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including Sisk. On September 11, 2019, a charging order was entered in that lawsuit to satisfy this 

judgment, imposing a lien on Sisk’s distributional interest in plaintiff.

1

 

¶ 7 On November 22, 2019, Daleo, an attorney employed by Cohon, sent a letter to the broker, 

a copy of which was attached to the complaint. In that letter, Daleo informed the broker that Cohon 

represented Palmieri and Witt. Daleo also provided that Witt had a 49% interest in plaintiff and 

disputed Sisk’s authority to manage plaintiff, that Sisk’s authority to manage plaintiff was at issue 

in yet another pending lawsuit, and that Witt must approve any sale of the condominium. The letter 

also discussed the charging order and indicated that pursuant thereto any proceeds from the sale 

of the condominium must be turned over to Palmieri and Specialty Industries, LLC. According to 

the complaint, the broker cancelled the listing agreement in response to this letter, but only after 

he had prepared a detailed listing, obtained marketing photos, and scheduled at least two showings 

of the condominium. 

¶ 8 Finally, the complaint alleged that the number of condominium sales and the price of those 

sales in the county where the condominium was located rose, respectively, 13.4% and 12.5% in 

2019. In addition, in 2019 the median time to contract for condominiums was 52 days, the median 

number of days between the listing and closing date was 89 days, and the median sale price was 

94.3% of the listing price. However, during the second quarter of 2020, there was a 43.5% decrease

in sales of condominiums in that county. 

¶ 9 Based on these allegations, plaintiff’s complaint raised claims against the defendants for 

intentional interference with contract, intentional interference with business relations and civil 

1 “A charging order constitutes a lien on a judgment debtor's distributional interest and requires the 

limited liability company to pay over to the person to which the charging order was issued any distribution 

that would otherwise be paid to the judgment debtor.” 805 ILCS 180/30-20 (West 2018).
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conspiracy to commit one or both intentional interference torts. With respect to damages, plaintiff 

alleged that it had: 

“suffered damages as a direct and proximate result of [the] unjustified and intentional 

interference with the Listing Agreement. Specifically, Gallery-Lauderdale has continued 

to incur expenses on Unit, including real estate taxes and management fees. GalleryLauderdale also lost the opportunity to sell the Unit during a time the real estate market 

where the Unit is located while market conditions were very good. If the Unit were to be 

 placed on the market in today’s market, the expected sale price would be significantly

lower. By not being able to sell the Unit during a time of good market conditions, GalleryLauderdale lost access to the funds from the sale. The precise amount of damages suffered 

 by Gallery-Lauderdale requires the opinion of experts, but Gallery-Lauderdale estimates 

that its damages are at least $200,000.00.” 

Plaintiff also alleged that it was entitled to punitive damages and an award of attorney fees.

¶ 10 The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, pursuant to section 2-615 of the 

Code of Civil Procedure. 735 ILCS 5/2-615 (West 2020). Among the arguments raised in the 

motion was that plaintiff had failed to properly plead the required element of damages in support 

of any of the three causes of action. After the motion had been fully briefed and following a hearing 

on the matter, the trial court dismissed plaintiff’s complaint with prejudice “based on Defendants’ 

arguments raised relating to damages.” Plaintiff timely appealed. 

¶ 11 “A section 2-615 motion to dismiss challenges the legal sufficiency of a complaint based 

on defects apparent on its face.” K. Miller Construction Co. v. McGinnis, 238 Ill. 2d 284, 291

(2010). “The proper inquiry is whether the well-pleaded facts of the complaint, taken as true and 

construed in a light most favorable to the plaintiff, are sufficient to state a cause of action upon 
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which relief may be granted.” Loman v. Freeman, 229 Ill. 2d 104, 109 (2008). All well-pleaded 

facts must be taken as true. Unterschuetz v. City of Chicago, 346 Ill. App. 3d 65, 68-69 (2004). 

However, “a court cannot accept as true mere conclusions unsupported by specific facts.” Patrick 

Engineering, Inc. v. City of Naperville, 2012 IL 113148, ¶ 31. Exhibits attached to the complaint

are considered part of the pleadings. Bajwa v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., 208 Ill. 2d 414, 

431 (2004). We review an order granting a section 2-615 dismissal de novo. McGinnis, 238 Ill. 2d 

at 291. 

¶ 12 To survive dismissal under section 2-615, a complaint must allege facts that set out all the 

essential elements of a cause of action. Visvardis v. Ferleger, 375 Ill. App. 3d 719, 724 (2007). A 

party's failure to establish an essential element of their cause of action defeats their claim. Thacker 

v. UNR Industries, Inc., 151 Ill. 2d 343, 354 (1992). Here, proximate, resulting damages are an 

essential element of each of plaintiff's causes of action. See HPI Health Care Services, Inc. v. Mt. 

Vernon Hospital, Inc., 131 Ill. 2d 145, 154-55 (1989) (To establish a claim of tortious interference 

with a contract, the plaintiff must prove damages); Fidelity National Title Insurance Co. of New 

York v. Westhaven Properties Partnership, 386 Ill. App. 3d 201, 218 (2007) (same with respect to 

tortious interference with business relations); Reuter v. MasterCard International, Inc., 397 Ill. 

App. 3d 915, 927 (2010) (same with respect to civil conspiracy).

¶ 13 With respect to plaintiff’s intentional interference claims, the: 

 “interest protected in a tortious interference case is the reasonable expectation of economic 

advantage. [Citation] Thus, the damages recoverable when a plaintiff proves intentional 

interference *** include pecuniary loss of the benefits of the contract; actual harm to 

reputation, if they are reasonably to be expected to result from the interference (citation); 

and consequential losses for which the interference is the legal cause. [Citation.] Punitive 
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damages are recoverable where the plaintiff has specifically alleged ‘ “actual malice,” 

defined as “a positive desire and intention to injure.” ’ ” Reuben H. Donnelley Corp. v. 

 Brauer, 275 Ill. App. 3d 300, 313 (1995). 

However, “a plaintiff is not entitled to recover damages that are remote, speculative, or uncertain.” 

Union Tank Car Co. v. NuDevco Partners Holdings, LLC, 2019 IL App (1st) 172858, ¶ 27. 

Furthermore, Illinois has long held that an award of punitive damages in the absence of actual or 

compensatory damages is improper. Mitchell v. Elrod, 275 Ill.App.3d 357, 362 (1995) (and cases 

cited therein).2

¶ 14 Here, we find the trial court properly dismissed the complaint on the basis that the plaintiff

did not properly plead damages. Even assuming plaintiff properly pleaded all the other required 

elements, plaintiff’s complaint specifically claims damages purportedly resulting from defendants’ 

interference with a listing agreement that only required the broker to make “efforts” to find a buyer 

and specifically did “not guarantee a sale.” The complaint did not assert that the broker had 

identified a buyer or that a sales contract for the condominium had ever been executed.

¶ 15 Furthermore, while the complaint compares the purportedly favorable real estate market in 

2019 with a purportedly less favorable market in the second quarter of 2020, the listing agreement 

at issue here was both executed and terminated over a matter of weeks in late 2019. Nowhere in 

the complaint does plaintiff explain why the condominium could not have been sold by another 

broker in the interim. Nor does the complaint specifically claim that prices for condominiums in 

the area were lower in the second quarter of 2020, only that the number of sales was lower. Finally, 

2 The same measure of damages applies to plaintiff’s civil conspiracy claim predicated on the 

underlying tortious interference claims, as “conspiracy is not an independent tort: the conspiracy claim fails 

if the independent cause of action underlying the conspiracy allegation fails.” Coghlan v. Beck, 2013 IL 

App (1st) 120891, ¶ 59. 
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we note that the complaint specifically alleged that plaintiff was damaged because the sale price 

would be lower at the time the complaint was filed in September 2020. There are no factual 

allegations in the complaint regarding the state of the real estate market at that time.

¶ 16 Ultimately, we agree with the defendants and the trial court that the allegations of damages 

in plaintiff’s complaint are either mere conclusions unsupported by specific facts (City of 

Naperville, 2012 IL 113148, ¶ 31) or too remote, speculative, or uncertain to support its causes of 

action (Union Tank Car Co., 2019 IL App (1st) 172858, ¶ 27). This conclusion applies both to 

plaintiff’s claim that it would receive a lower purchase price in any ultimate sale of the 

condominium and to plaintiff’s claim that it has been damaged by continuing to incur real estate 

taxes and management fees. As such, plaintiff’s complaint was properly dismissed.

¶ 17 In so ruling, we necessarily reject plaintiff’s reliance upon several cases cited in its briefs. 

None of the cases cited by plaintiff involve the circumstances presented here i.e., damages 

purportedly resulting from the alleged tortious interference with a real estate listing agreement that 

did not guarantee a sale. See, e.g., Tri-G, Inc. v. Burke, Bosselman & Weaver, 222 Ill. 2d 218, 225

(2006) (claim for lost profits resulting from legal malpractice); Midland Hotel Corp. v. Reuben H. 

Donnelley Corp., 118 Ill. 2d 306, 309 (1987) (claim for lost profits resulting from breach of 

contract); TAS Distribution Co., Inc. v. Cummins Engine Co., Inc., 491 F.3d 625, 627 (7th Cir. 

2007) (same); 1472 N. Milwaukee, Ltd. v. Feinerman, 2013 IL App (1st) 121191, ¶ 1 (damages 

for breach of executed real estate sales contract). 

¶ 18 For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court is affirmed. 

¶ 19 Affirmed.