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The Honorable Joseph H. McKinley, Jr., United States District Judge for the Western

District of Kentucky, sitting by designation.

No. 04-1142

File Name: 05a0473n.06

Filed: June 7, 2005

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

RAYMOND LESTER HORTON,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

BILL MARTIN; et al.,

Defendants-Appellees.

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On Appeal from the United States

District Court for the Eastern

District of Michigan

Before: MARTIN and ROGERS, Circuit Judges; MCKINLEY, District Judge.*

Raymond Lester Horton, proceeding pro se, appeals a district court’s order dismissing his

civil rights complaint filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This case has been referred to a panel of

the court pursuant to Rule 34(j)(1), Rules of the Sixth Circuit. Upon examination, this panel

unanimously agrees that oral argument is not needed. Fed. R. App. P. 34(a).

Seeking monetary and equitable relief, Horton sued the Michigan Parole Board, the director

Bill Martin of the Michigan Department of Corrections, an administrative law judge Gary Kasenow,

a parole board field programs manager Larry Baran, and Horton’s counsel Jacqueline George from

his parole revocation hearing. Horton essentially argued that the defendants violated his due process

rights in connection with the parole revocation hearing. Specifically, he claimed that: 1) he was not

afforded a hearing within the required 45 days; 2) Martin failed to remedy the wrong when notified

through Horton’s grievance appeal; 3) George, Kasenow, and Baran conspired to violate his rights
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by agreeing that Horton would plead guilty, without Horton’s knowledge; 4) the Board violated his

rights by failing to provide him with written findings of fact for revoking his parole; 5) the Board

and Kasenow failed to consider mitigating evidence before they reached their decision; and 6)

George rendered ineffective assistance. Upon review, the district court adopted a magistrate judge’s

recommendation that the court dismiss the complaint against the Board, Martin, Kasenow, and

Baran because they were entitled to immunity. Subsequently, the district court adopted the

magistrate judge’s recommendation to grant George’s motion to dismiss the claims against her

because Horton did not a state a claim upon which relief could be granted. Horton has filed a timely

appeal reasserting his claims. 

Upon review, we conclude that the district court properly dismissed Horton’s complaint. We

review de novo a district court’s dismissal of a complaint under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) for failure

to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. See Begala v. PNC Bank, Ohio, Nat’l Ass’n, 214

F.3d 776, 779 (6th Cir. 2000).

The district court properly dismissed Horton’s claims against the Board, Kasenow, and Baran

because they were entitled to immunity. The Board is immune from suit under the Eleventh

Amendment. Eleventh Amendment immunity is a jurisdictional bar, and applies regardless of the

relief sought. See Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 465 U.S. 89, 100-01 (1984). Unless

immunity is expressly waived, a state and its agencies are immune from an action for damages and

injunctive relief. See Seminole Tribe of Fla. v. Florida, 517 U.S. 44, 54 (1996); Thiokol Corp. v.

Dep’t of Treasury, State of Mich., Revenue Div., 987 F.2d 376, 381 (6th Cir. 1993). The Board is

an administrative agency within the executive branch of Michigan’s government. See Mich. Const.

1963, art. 5, § 2; In re Parole of Bivings, 619 N.W.2d 163, 167-68 (Mich. Ct. App. 2000).

Kasenow and Baran are also entitled to immunity. “[P]arole board members are absolutely

immune from liability for their conduct in individual parole decisions when they are exercising their

decision making powers.” Walter v. Torres, 917 F.2d 1379, 1384 (5th Cir. 1990). Likewise, those

who make recommendations concerning parole also enjoy absolute immunity. See Anton v. Getty,

78 F.3d 393, 396 (8th Cir. 1996) (hearing examiner and probation officer who recommended delay
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of parole entitled to absolute immunity); Young v. Selsky, 41 F.3d 47, 51 (2d Cir. 1994) (probation

officers who prepare presentence reports are closely associated with the exercise of a judicial

function and entitled to absolute immunity); Turner v. Barry, 856 F.2d 1539, 1540-41 (D.C. Cir.

1988). Kasenow and Baran are entitled to immunity because Horton challenges their conduct in

relation to his parole revocation hearing.

The district court also properly dismissed Horton’s claim against Martin. Horton merely

alleged that Martin failed to remedy the situation after he had been informed of the problem via

Horton’s grievance. Horton’s allegation does not state a claim because the doctrine of respondeat

superior does not apply in § 1983 lawsuits to impute liability onto supervisory personnel, see Monell

v. Dep’t of Soc. Servs. of New York, 436 U.S. 658, 691-95 (1978), unless it is shown that the

defendant “encouraged the specific incident of misconduct or in some other way directly participated

in it.” Bellamy v. Bradley, 729 F.2d 416, 421 (6th Cir. 1984). Horton did not allege that Martin

actively participated in or authorized the alleged unconstitutional conduct.

 The district court properly concluded that Horton did not state a claim against George.

George is not a state actor subject to liability under § 1983. See Catz v. Chalker, 142 F.3d 279, 289

(6th Cir. 1998). Although private citizens acting in concert with state officials may be subject to

§ 1983 liability, see Dennis v. Sparks, 449 U.S. 24, 27-28 (1980), Horton offered no factual support

or evidence upon which a conspiracy could be based. Horton’s allegation that George engaged in

a conspiracy with the state actors was not pled with any degree of specificity. See Kensu v. Haigh,

87 F.3d 172, 175-76 (6th Cir. 1996). Moreover, a review of the parole violation report clearly

establishes that George presented mitigating evidence to the parole board. 

Judgment affirmed.