1886. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 567 

SEc. 24. Trot the office ofTerritorial superiittendentofdistrict schools created by the laws of Utah is hereby delared vacant; and it shall be the dnty of the su- preme court of said Territory to appoint a. Territorial superintendent of distric~ 

schools, who shall pos essand exercise all the powen~andduties imposed by the laws of said Territory upon the Territorial superintendent of district schools, and who shall receive the snme salary and compensation, which sha.ll be paid out or the treasury of said Territory; and the laws of the Territory of Utah providing for the method of election and appointment of such Territorial super- intendent of district schools are hereby suspended until the further action of Congress shall be bad in respect thereto. The said superintendent shall have powe r t.o prohibit the use in any distriet school of any book of a sectarian char- acter or otherwise unsuitable. Said superintendent shall collect and clnssify statistics and other information respecting the district schools in said Terri- tory, showing their progre , the whole number of children of school age, the number who attended school in each year in the respective counties, and aver- age length of time of their attendance, the number of teachers and the compen- sation paid to the same1 the number of teachers who are l\Iormons, the number who are so-called Gentiles, the number of children of :Mormon parents and the number ot children of so-<:alled Gentile parents, and their respective average attendance at school. .All of which statistics and information shall be annually 

repm-ted to Congress, through the governor of said Territory and the Depart- m ent of the Interior. 

SEC. z;J. (a) A widow shall be endowed of the third part of all the lands whereof her husband was seized of an e tate of inheritance at any time during the mar- riage , unless she shall have lawfully released he-r right thereto. (b) The widow of any alien who at the time of his death shall be entitled by law to hold any real estate, if she be an inhabitant of the Territory at the time of such <leaLb, shall be entitled to dower of such estate in the same manner as if such alien had been n. native citizen. . (c) If a husband seized of an estate of inheritance in lands exchanged them for other lands, his widow shall not have dower of both, but shall make her elec- tion to be endowed of the lands given or of those taken in exchange; and if such election be not evinced by the commencement of proceedings to recover her dower of the lttnds given in exchange withi.Q one year after the death of her hus- band, she shall be deemed to have elected to takeherdowerofthelands received in exchange. · . (d) When a person seized of an estate of inheritance in lands shall have exe- cuted a mortgage on such estate before marriage, his widow shall nevertheless be enmled to dower out of the lands mortgaged as against every person except the mortgagee and those claiming under him. • (e) Where a husband shall purchase lands during eoverture, and shall at the same time mortgage his estate in such lands to secure the payment of the pur- chase-money, his widow shall not be entitled to dower out of such lands, as · against the mortgagee or those claiming under him, although she shall not have united in snch mortgage; but she shall be entitled to her dower as against all other persons. (f) Where in such case the mortgagee1 or those claiming under him, shall, after the death of the husband of such widow, ca,use the land mortgaged to be sold, either onder a power of sale contained in the mortgage or by virtue of the decree of a court of equity, and if any sm'plus shall remain after payment of the mo11eys due on such mortgage and the costs and charges of the sale, such widow shall nevertheless be entitled to the interest or income of the one-third part of such surplus, for her life, as her dower. (g) A widow shall not be endowed of lands conveyed to her husband by way of mortgage unless he acquire an absolute estate therein during the married pe- riod. · (h) In case of divorce dissolving the marria..o-e contract for the misconduct of he wife, she shall not be endowed. 

SALLIE J.ARRA'IT. 

Ur. HARRIS. Yesterday the Senate passed a. bill (S. 16) for the relief of Sallie Jarratt, executrix of Gregory Jarratt; deceased. I desire 

to enter a motion to reconsider the vote by which the bill was passed 

and the vote by which. the bill was ordered to a third reading, because 

of the fact, which I learn to-day, that Sallie Jarratt died a short time 

since, and I want to amend the bill so a.s to pass it for the relief of the 

administrator de bonis non instead of Sallie Jarratt, who is dead. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Tennessee wishes 

the motion to reconsider entered? 

Mr. HARRIS. .I wish to enter both motions, and if the Senate will 

indulge me, as it will take but a moment to reconsider the vote and 

amend, I ask that it may be done at this time. 

Mr. EDMUNDS. If the Senator willjnst enter the motion, then it 

will be a motion that can J>e taken up Monday morning in the morning hour, and we can look at it. 

Mr. HARRIS. Then I wish to enter both motions, the motion toreconsider the vote by which the bill was passed and the motion to reconsider the vote by which the bill was ordered to a third reading. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The motions will be entered. ~fr. EDMUNDS. I move that the Senate adjourn.. 

The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 o'clock and 45 minutes p. m.) 

the Senate adjourned. 

SENATE. 

1\fOND.A.Y, Ja1~uary 11, 1886. 

Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. E. D. HUNTLEY, D. D. 

The J onrnal of the proceedings of Friday last was read and approved. 

PETITIONS Al\"'D l.UEMORI.A.LS. 

TP.e PRESIDENT p1·o tempo.re presented a resolution adopted by the 

American Metrological Society of New York city, favoring the suspension of the coinage of the silver dollar; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. 

Mr. SAWYER presei!tedresolutions adopted by the Chamber of Co.inmerce of :Milwaukee, Wis., infavorofthe suspensionofthecompulsory 

coinage of the standard silver dollar; which were referred to the Committee on Finance. 

:bfr. 1tllTCHELL, of Oregon, presented the petition of E. H. Brodie, 

late ordnance sergeant, United States Army, of Astoria, Oreg., praying 

for the passage of· a bill awarding him a certificate of merit for distinguished bravery and good conduct at the battle of Cerro Gilrdo, Mexico; 

which was referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

Mr. HARRISON presented the petition ofVeite, Stockwell& Co., and 

10 other wholesale grocers at Evansville, Ind., praying for the appointment of commissionerson the part of the United States to confer with 

those of Canada for the settlement of the :fisheries question; which was 

referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. 

Mr. HALE. I present the petition of J. Eglin ton Montgomery, late 

United States consul at Leipsic, Germany, praying reimbursement of 

expenses incurred in obedience to orders from the United States. This 

paper is not in the form of a. petition addressed to Congress, but is addressed to the Committee on Claims, though evidently intended for 

Congress. I therefore ask leave to present it, and that it be referred to 

the Committee on CJ.a.imB. 

The PRESIDENTprotempore. Thepetitionwillbereceived, ifthere 

be no objection, and so referred. 

Mr. HALE presented the memorial of R. L Wooster a.nd others, citizens of :Maine; the memorial of Joseph Wood and others, citizens of 

Maine; the memorial of Charles F. Eaton and others, citizens of :Maine; 

t.he mem.orialofG. H. Condon and others, citizens of Maine; and the 

memorial of F. L. Hodgkins and others, citizens of Maine, remonstrating against any action by the executive department or Congress which 

w.ill fail to protect the New Engl:md fisheries; which were referred to 

the Committee on Foreign Relations. 

1\fr. WILSON, of Maryland, presented the petition of WilJia'm H. 

Haines and others, citizens of Cecil County, Maryland; the petition of 

Thomas C. Crouch and others, citizens of Cecil County, Maryland; and 

the petition of William H. Barton and others, citizens of Dorchester 

County, Maryland, praying for thesuspensionofthecoinageofthestandard silver dollar; which were referred to the Committee on Finance. 

Mr. BUTLER presented the petition of E. R. Wallace, president of 

the M-erchants and Planters' National Bank, Union, S. c_; George 

Munro, casbie;r; J.D. Arthur, book-keeper; I. D. Jones, J. C. Hunter, 

A.. H. Foster, J. H. Bartles, W. D. Bewley, and 22 others, merchants 

and business men, citizens of Union, S. C.; and the petition of Charles 

0. Witte,. president of the People's National Bank of Charleston, S.C.; 

E. H~ Sparkman, cashier; Andrew Simonds, president of the First N n.- tional Bank; Andrew Simonds, vice-president; Goorge W. W"liliams, 

president of the Carolina Savings Bank; Bank of Charleston; South Carolina. Loan and Trust Company, aud 26 other mercantile firms and business men of Charleston, S. C., praying for the repeal of the law req uiring the Secretary of the Treasury to coin not less than 2, 000,000 of 

standard silver dollars per month; which were referred to the Committee on Finance. 

He also presented resolutions of the Chamber of Commerce of Char reston, S.C., in favor of an appropriation for a new revenu~-cutter to be 

stationed at that port; which were referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

He also presented the petition of Edgar 0. Murden, a. native of South 

Carolina, praying for the removal .of his political disabili~ies; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. 

Mr. BLACKBURN presented a memorial of citizens of Kentucky, 

remonstrating against the passage of a bill to estn.blish the eastern 

judicial district of Kentucky; which was refeqed. to the Committee on 

the Judiciary. 

Mr. BLAIR. I present the petition of Stephen C. Hoops, late of Company C, One hundredth Regiment Ohio Volunteers, and 8 other ex- Union soldiers, representing the ·volunteer service in Pennsylvania, 

Ohio, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Massachusetts, one or two 

other States, and the regular .Army, praying for the establishment of 

national homes for indigent and maimed ex-confederate soldiers. I move that the petition be referred to the Committee on :Military Affairs. 

The motion was agreed to. 

Mr. BLAIR presented the petition ofW. S. Wrenn and others, of Savoy, Tex., and the petition of W. S. Cole and others, of Limaburg, Ky., 

praying for the passage of a bill granting temporary aid to common schools; which were ordered to lie on the table. 

Mr. MITCHELL, of Pennsylvania., presented a petition of Hays Post, 

GrnndA.rmyoftheRepublic, Pittsburgh, Pa., praying fo.tthe passage of a bill granting public lands to the soldiers and saHors of the late war; 

which was referred to the Committee on Public Lands. 

Mr. COLQUITT pr~ented a petition of citizens of Georgia, prarymg 

for the repeal ofthe so-called silver coinage law; which was referred to 

the Committee on Finance. 

REPORTS OF 901\IMITI'EES. 

Mr. SPOONER, from theCommitteeonClaimB, towhomwasreferred 

the bill (S. 296) for the relief of .Alfred G. Hatfield, reported it with an 

amendment, and submitted a report thereon. 

:Mr. DOLPH, from the Committee on Public Lands, to whom was referred the bill (S. 85) for the relief of B. Jennings, reporteditwithout 

amendment, and submitted a report thereon. 

Mr. PLUMB, from the Committee on Public Lands, to whom was re- ferred the bill (S. 218) to confirm the title to certain lands in Platte 
568 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY. 11, 

County, 1\fissouri, and authorize patents to be issued therefor to Kinsey B. Cecilt reported it without amendment. 

He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the bill (S. ~49) forfeiting a part of certain lands granted to the State of Iowa to 

.tid in the construction of railroads in that State, and for other purposes, 

1eported it with amendments. 

lli. PLUMB. I ask unanimous consent that at some future day I 

may niake a written report to accompany the bill which has just been 

reported (S.149); and I give notiee to the Senate that at an early day I 

shall ask the Senate to consider the bill. 

.AD:\IISSIO~ OF D.AKOT.A.. 

Mr. HARRISON:. I am directed by the Commit~e on Territories, to 

whom the subject was referred, . to submit a report, accompanied by an original bill, relating to the admission of Dakota. · The bill (S. 967) to provide for the admission of the State of Dakota 

into the Union, and ,for the organization of the Territory of Lincoln, was read twice by its title, and ordered to be placed upon the Calendar. 

1\Ir. HARRISON. I desire also, in order that it may be disposed of, 

to report adversely and ask the indefinite postponement of Senate bill 

578 on the same subject. · The PRESIDENT p1·o te-mpore. The Senator from Indiana moves the 

indefinite postponement of the bill (S. 578) providing for the admission 

of the State of Dakota into the Union and for the organization of the 

Territory of North Dakota. Ifthere.be no objection that motion·will 

be considered as agreed to. 

Mr. BUTLER. M1". President--

Mr. HARRISON. I was going to say that the Senator from South 

Carolina [?tir. BuTLER] was not present when the bill was acted upon 

by the committee, and if there is any desire to reserve the right of the 

minority to 'present their views I ask that it may be done. 

Mr. BUTLER. I simply rose for the purpose of saying that I would 

ask that privilege. I have had no time to examine the report and 

know nothing about it. I shall therefore· be glad, after examining it, 

to have the opportunity of submitting a mino!i.ty report if it be deemed 

necessary. · ·. 

M:r. HARRISON. In connection with this matter I desire to ask to 

have printed an additional number of copies, more than the ordinary 

number, of the report. 'l'he ordinary number, I believe, is 1,900, of 

which, if I am rightly informed, something less than 300 copies re- main ·in the Senate for distribution. I think there should be an additional number of copies of the report printed, as there will be perhaps· 

a somewhat wide desire to see it. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. What number does the Senator propose? 

Mr. HARRISON. I would ask for information whether I am right 

in supposing that 1' 900 .is the usual number printed? 

The PRESIDENT pro te-mpore. · . Nineteen hundred is the usual number of a document printed. The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. HAwLEY] can answer. Mr. HARRISON. I ask the Senator from Connecticut what is the 

usual number of copies of reports printed? · 1\Ir. HAWLEY. Nineteen hundred; and two or three hundred of 

that number are at the disposal of the Senate. 

Mr. HARRISON. Nineteen hundred, I am advisedt is the usual 

number. I think it would be well that as many as 5,000 eopiea of this 

report should be printed. . The PRESIDENT protempore. TheSenatorfromindianaasksunani- mous consent of the Senate for an order to print 5,000 extra copies of 

the report on the bill in respect to the State of Dakota. 

1\Ir. BUTLER. I shall be constrained to object to that for the present until I can have an opportunity of examining the report. · 

:Mr. ALLISON. The motion must go to the Committee on Printing, 

:md let that committee report upon it. 

1\Ir. INGALLS. Let it go to the Committee on Printing under the 

rules. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Objection being made to the unani- mous consent for printing extra copies, the question will be referred to 

the ·committee on Printing. . . ~ 

Mr. HARRISON. · I suppose that the resolution or order will go to 

the Committee on rrinting to report. I shall put it in the form of a 

resolution, so that it may be referred to the Committee on Printing. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The order to print the usual number 

is maue as a matter of course. The order proposed to print an extra 

number of copies will go to the Committee on Printing. · 1\Ir. HARRISON. I am also directed by the Committee on Territories 

to report adversely on two resolutions, ohe submitted by the Senator 

from South Carolina [Mr . .BuTLER~ and one by the Senator from Missouri [Mr. VEST], relating the one to the proceedings taken by the 

people of Dakota in the formation of a State government, and the other 

to the communication accompanying the constitution as it was laid 

before the Senate by the preSiding officer. If the Senator from South 

Carolina. desires his resolution to go upon the Calendar, I will ask that 

that be done, and as the Senator from Missouri is not in his place, perhaps that reso~ution also had better go upon the Calendar. 

Mr. BUTLER. May I inquire what action was taken by the committee upon these resolutions? I did not hear the Senator. • Mr. HARRISON. · I was directed to report them adversely. I will 

say to the Senator from South Carolina. that we have not submitted a written report upon these resolutionst for the reason that the report 

accompanying the bill was thought by the committee to contain all nec- essary references to the reasons upon which the adverse reports were 

based in reference to the resolutions. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Indiana, from the 

Committee on Territories, reports adversely the resolutions which will 

be stated. . The SECRETARY. A resolution by 1\It. BuTLER instructing the 

Committee on Territories to inquire under what authority a so-called 

State legislature has been organized in the Territory of Dakota. 

A resolution by 1\Ir. VEST relati\e to the memorial of certain persons 

calling themselves the State executive committee of the State of Dakota. 

The PRESIDENT pro ternp01·e. These resolutions, with the adverse 

reports, will take their place on the Calendar. 

Mr. HARRISON subsequently submitted the following resolution; 

which was referred to the Committee on Printing: 

Re$ol·ved by the Senate, That there be printed 5,000 extra. copies of the report of 

the Committee on Territories accompanying the bUJ (S. 967) to provide for the 

admission of the State of Dakota. into the Union and for the organization of the 

Territory of Lincoln. 

BILLS INTRODUCED. . 

Mr. V .ANCE introduced a bill (S. 968) to provide for the erection of a public building in Statesville, N. C.; which was read twice by its 

title, and referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 

14r. JACKSON introduced a bill (S. 969) to authorize the employment of law clerks or stenographers for the justices of the Supreme 

Court of the United States; which was read twice by its title, and re- ferred to the Committee on the Judiciary. 

Mr. BUTLER introduced a bill (S. 970) for the relief of Agnes and 

:Maria De Leon, heirs at law of Rebecca L. De Leon, deceased; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accomp:myingpapers, referred 

to the Committee on Claims. 

He (by request) also introduced a bill(S. 971) relating to the pay and 

retirement of the mates in the Navy; which was read twice by its title, 

and referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. 

He alsointroduceda bill (S. 972) for the relief of Thomas~- Morgan, 

jr ; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying 

papers, referred to the Committee on Claims. · Mr. ALLISON introduced a bill (S. 973) granting an increase ofpen-

"sion to Mrs. Sarah P. McKean; which was read twice by its title, and, 

with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 974) to amend section 5 of the act ·en- titled ''An act to amend the statut€8 in relation to immediate transportation of dutiable goods, and for other purpflses," approved June 10, 

1880; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee 

on Finance. 

Mr. MILLER, of New York, introduced a bill (S. 975) for the relief 

of Mathilda Victor; which was read twice by its title, and, with the 

accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on :Military Affairs. 

Mr. HARRISON introduced a bill (S. 976) for the relief of certain 

officers of the Signal Service; which was read twice by its title, ·and, 

with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Military 

Affairs. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 977) granting a pension to Elizabeth 

Barker; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying 

papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. · Mr. CULL0111 introduced a bill (S. 978) for the relief of Henry Head, 

of Quincy, IlL; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the 

Committee on Claims. 

He "lso introduced a bill (S. 979) granting a pension to Mrs. Mary J. 

Saunders; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. . Mr. McMILLAN introduced a bill (S. 980) granting the right of way 

to the Cinnabar and Clark's Fork Railroad Company; which was read 

twice by its title. · The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will bereferred to the Committee on Railroads if there be no objection. 

1\Ir. HARRISON.. I think the reference should be to the Committee 

on Territories. It is a question of the granting of a right of way through 

the Yellowstone Park to a railroad company. That subject has been 

considered by the Committee on Territories heretofore. Several bills of 

the same purport as this have been introduced at previous sessions of' 

the Senate and they have always gone to the Committee on Territories, 

as has all legislation proposed in regard to the Yellowstone N a.tioual 

Park; and .that is evidently the appropriate reference. ~r. McMILLAN. I think the Senat.or from Indiana is mistaken in 

the impression he conveys to the Senate that a similar bill has been re- ferred to the Committee on Territories before. Such a bill as this was reported favorably after full consideration, as I unde.::stand, by the Committee on Railroads. 
1886. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. •569 

Mr. HARRISON. Possibly I may be mistaken as to the reference at 

the last Congress, and if so, as I understand the Senator from Conecticut [Mr. HAWLEY] also to be of the opinion of the Senator from Minnesota., I shall not interpose any objection to the present reference of 

this bill to the Committee on Railroads. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The reference is so made. 

Mr. SPOONER introduced a bill (S. 981) for the relief of purchasers 

and other grantees of the United States of certain swamp and overflowed lands and to reimburse and indemnify certain States; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 982) granting the right of way to the 

Wyoming Central Railway Company across the Fort Fetterman military reservation, in the Territory of Wyoming; which was read twice 

by its title, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 983) granting a pension to Michael Daly; 

which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. · 

He also (by request) introduced a bill (S. 984) to regulate the foreclosure of mortgages and deeds of trust in the District of Columbia.; 

which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the District 91 Columbia~. 

He also introdu.ced a bill (S. 985) to .authorize the construction and 

maintenance of a bridge by the Dakota Central Railway Company across the Missouri River at Pierre, Dak.; which was read twice by its title, 

and referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

He also introduced a bill (S. -986) authorizing the Quartermaster-General and the proper accounting officers of the Tr~ury Department to 

examine and pass upon the claims of Frederick Martin and Mark Newell; which was read twice by its title·, and, with theaccompanyingpapers, referred to the Committee on Claims. · 

Mr. SABIN introduced a bill (S. 987) for the relief of William H. 

Whiting; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

Mr. STANFORD introduced a bill (S. 988) for the relief of William 

R. Wheaton and Charles H. Chamberlain, of California; which was read 

twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Public Lands. 

He also introduced a. bill (S. 989) to authorize the adjustment of cer- ~'l.in accounts arising in the Indian service; which was read twice byits 

title, and referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. 

He also introduced a. bill (S. 990) to enable the State of California to 

take lands in lieu of the sixteenth and thl.>-ty-sixth sections found to be 

mineral lands; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the 

Committee on Public Lands. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 991) for the relief of settlers u.nder the 

desert-land act; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the 

Committee on Public Lands. • He also introduced a bill (S. 992) for the relief of Jerome ?tladden, of 

California; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Public Lands. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 993) to appropriate· the unexpended 

baln.nce heretofore appropriated by Congress for the suppression of Indian hostilities in the State of California; which was read twice by its 

title, and referred to the Committee on -.Appropriations. -

He also introduced a bill (8. 994) granting to the State of California 

5 per cent. of the net proceeds of the sales of public lands in said State; 

which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Public Lands: 

He also introduced a bill (S. 995) to credit al!d pay to the several 

States and Territories and the District of Colu~bia all moneys collected 

under the direct tax levied by the act. of Congress approved .August 5, 

1861; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. -

Mr. WILSON, of Iowa, introduced a bill (S. 996) for the relief of 

Leslie Barrett; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accom- panying papers, referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and PostRoads. 

Ur. COKE (by re.quest) introduced a bill (S. 997) to create the judicial district of North Texas and Indian Territory; which was r_ead twice 

by its title, and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary . . 

1\fr. GORMAN introduced a bill (S. 998) referring to the Court of 

Clairri.s the claim of the owner of the b:trk General Berry, destroyed 

when in the service of the United States; which was read twice by its 

title, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Claims. · 

He als(? introduced a bill (S. 999) to provide for the extension of letters patent for an improvement in insulating submarine cables; which 

was .read tw~c~ by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, re- ferred to the Committee on Patents. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1000) authorizing the Secretary of the 

Treasury to issue bonds--to Albert V. Conway, substituted t~tee, for 

certain registered United States bonds· redeemed or assigned by the 

Government upon forged assignments; which was read twice by its title, 

and referred to the Committee on Finance. 

Mr. MAHONE introduced a bill (S. 1001) for the relief of Arthur Connell; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. 

Mr. LOGAN (by request) introduced a bill.(S. 1002) forthereliefof 

the officers and crew of the light-house tender Lily and the inspector 

of the fourteenth United States light-house district; which was read 

twice by its title, and, with the a·ccompanying papers, referred to the 

Committee on Claims. 

Mr. FRYE introduced a bill (S. 1003) relating to pilotage; which 

was read twice by its title~ and :referred to the Committee on-Commerce. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1004) to abolish certain fees for official 

services to American -vessels, and to amend the laws relating to shipping 

commissioners, seamen, and owners of vessels, and for other purposes; 

which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

Mr. SAWYER (by request) introduced a bill (S. 1005) for the relief 

of thehelr's at law of John Graham; which was read twi~e by its title, 

and referred to the Committee on Claims. 

He also (by request) introduced a bill (S. 1006) for the relief of James 

W. Schaumburg; which was read twice by it~ title, and referred to .the 

Committee on Military Affairs: 

1\Ir. MANDERSON introduced a bill (S. 1007) to divide the State of 

Nebraska into two judicial districts; which was read twice by its title, 

and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. 

Mr. WILSO~, of Maryland, introduced a bill (S. 1008) to empower 

the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Protestant Church to 

hold property in the District of Columbia; which was read twice by its 

title, and referred to the Committee on the District of Columbi:;t. 

Mr. :MITCHELL! of Oregon, introduced a bill (S. 1009) providing an appropriation for the speedy completion of the improvements at the en- trance to Yaquima Bay~ Oregon; which was re;td twice by its title, and 

referred to the Committe~ on Commerce. · 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1010) providing an appropriation for con- tinuing the improvements at the entrance to Coos Bay, Oregon; which 

was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1011) providing an appropriation for con- tinuingtheimprovementofthe Coquille River, Oregon; which was read 

twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Commerce. • He also introduced a bill (S. 1012) providing an additional appropriation for the purpose of continuing work on the canal and locks at the 

Cascades of the Columbia; which was read twice by its title, and referred 

to the Committee on Commerce. · 

:Mr. HALE introduced -a bill (S. 1013) providing for _the establishment of a port of entry at Mount Desert Ferry, in the town of Hancock, 

in the State of Maine; which was read twice by its title, and referred to 

the Committee on Commerce. . 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1014) granting a pension to Ella I. Small; 

which was read twice by its title, and refeiTed to the Committee on Pensions. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1015) for the relief of the owners and 

officers of the brig Olive Frances, and others on board said brig; which 

was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims .. Mr. SHERMAN introduced a bill (S. 1016) to grant an increase of 

pension to .Abel Comstock; which was read twice by tis title, and, with 

the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

Mr. INGAL:U3. introd1;1ced a bill (8. 1017) to increase the pension of 

John F. Stukey; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the 

Committee on Pensions. . He also introduced a bill (S.10i8) for thereliefofPatrickCook;. which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the District 

of Columbia. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1019) granting a pension to Charlotte 

McCay; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. • 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1020) authorizing the District of Colombia to convey the alley, 15 fee twide, running east and west, between 

lots 6 and 7, in square 635, comprising an area of 3,480-square feet 

ofland, to the owner of said lots; which was read twice by its title, 

and referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

He also (by request) introduced abill (S. 1021) for the relief of Wilbur F. Cogswell; which was rea.d. twice by its title, and, with the ac- companying papers, referred to the Committee· on Naval Affairs. 

Mr. COCKRELL introduced a bill (S. 1022) granting a pension to 

Hoy Cooper; which was read-twice by its title. . 

Mr. COCKRELL. I present, to accompany the bill, a petition and 

sundry affidavits and a letter from the Secretary of War to me in re- gard to it. I move that the bill, with the accomp:::tnyingpapers, be re- ferred to the Committee on Pensions. 

The motion was agreed to. 

Mr. 1\IAHONE introduced a joint resolution (S. R. 25) for the relief 

of William B. Isaacs & Co.; which was read twice by its title, andrefeTred to the Committee on the Judiciary. _ 

1\Ir. SHERMAN introduced a joint resolution (S. R. 26) relative to a 

certain accepted draft in the Department of State; which was read twice 

by its title, and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. 

P APEBS WITIIDRA WN AND REFERllED.· 

On motion o~Mr. BUTLER, it was 

Ordered, That the papers in the case of Thomas P. Mor~an. jr., be withdrawn 
570 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J ANUARY .11, 

from the files of the Senate, under the rules, and referred to the Committee on Claims. 

On motion of Mr. CULLOM, it was 

Ordered, That the papers now on the files in the m&tter of the claim of Henry Head be withdrawn and referred to the Committee on Claims, no report having been made in the case. 

On motioi;t of :Ur. ~1AHONE, it was 

Ordered, That the petition and papers in support of the claim of Arthur Con- nell be withdrawn from the files of the Senate and referred to the Committee on Claims. 

Ordered. That the papers in support of the cl:l.im of William B. Isaacs & Co. be withdrawn from the files of the Senate and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. 

On motion of Mr. SAWYER, it -was 

Ordered, That the papers in the case of the heirs at law of John Graham be withdrawn from the tiles of the Senate and referred to the Committee on Claims. Ordered, That the papers in the case of James W. Schaumburg be withdrawn from the files of the Senate and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

On motion of .Mr. P..A.L~fER, it was . 

Ordered, That the papers in the case of John Burt, of Michigan, be withdrawn from the files of the Senate and referred to the.Committee on Claims. 

On motion of Mr. HARRISON, it was 

Ordered, That the papers accompanying the bill for the relief of John A. Run- yan be withdrawn from the Committee on l\Iilitary Affairs and referred to the Com mil tee on Pensions, to accompany the bill (S. 800) granting an increase of pension to John A. Runyan. 

On motion of Mr. COCKRELL, it was 

Ordered, That the papers relating to the claims of J:A. Ralston, E. E. Rawson, 

A.. Pike. and the trustees of Odd Fellows' Hall, Pulaski, Tenn., be taken from the file ·and referred to the .Committee on Claims. 

On motion of Mr. BLA.IR, it was 

Ordered, That the petition and papers of Cornelius Connell be taken from the files and referred to the Committee on Claims. 

• . CHURCH .AND STATE. 

Mr. MORGAN submitted the following resolution; which was read: 

Whereas the union of church and state in the conduct of a joint administra- tion of the temporal or spiritual affairs of a.ny church or religions sect or society is dangerous to the freedom of religious worship and opinion and violates the principles of the Constitution of the United States: 1. &solt:ed, That in the opinion of the Senate it is not within the power of Congress to appoint oflicers of the United States, by whatever name they may be called, who shall in the name of, or on behalf of1 the United States b~ required to p:uticipatewith the officers of any church or religious Sect or society, whether or not the same is incorporated, in the joint conduct and administration of the spiritual or temporal affairs of such church, sect, or society. 2. That it is a. practical violation of the Constitution for the President of the United States to appoint anysucho:fficerunderanyl wwhichassumes to confer such power on him and that requires such duties lobe performed by such ap- poin tee as are mentioned in the first resolution, and that fixes upon them a. direct accountability or re ponsibility to the executive or legislative department of the Government of the United States for their conduct in office. 3. Thatitisnotthe constitutional function of the executive or legislative de- partment of the Government of the United States to exert control in the direc- tiorr and administration of the religious or t~mporal affairs of any church or re- gilioussectorsociety, but such power, if it may be in any case lawfully exerted by any department of the Government of the United States, can only be exer- cised by the judicial department. 4. That the power of Congress to grant charters of incorporation to religious societies in localitie.s under its exclusive jurisdiction does not extend to and in- clude the right or authority to participate in the administratiQD of the affairs of such incorporationstluough the agency of officers of the United States appointed for such purpose and accountable to the Government for their conduct in office. 

Mr. MORGAN. I ask that the resolution may be printed and lie 

over. I desire· to submit some remarks upon it before it is referred to 

the Committee on the Judiciary. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Alabama asks for 

an order to print the resolution and that it may lie over. If there be 

no objection that order will be entered. 

COIN DU~ ON IMPORTED GOODS. 

Mr. COKE. Mr. President; I desire to give notice tha.t on Wedn~­

day, the 13th instant, at 2 o'clock, I shall ask the Senate to take up and 

consider the resolution submitted by the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. 

BECK] relative to the payment of customs dnes and the disbursements 

thereof, and I shall ask permission to submit some remarks upon it. 

l\IONUME1>.~S TO LINCOLN .A.}."'D GRANT. 

Mr. BLAIR. Several days since, wheniintrodnced billsrelating to 

the construction of monuments to Lincoln and Grant, I desired to say 

a few words in explanation of the bills not exceeding three or fonr minutes, but in the rnsh of business I thought it best at that time not to 

ask the conrte.sy of the Senate for that purpose. If I could have at tllis 

time not over five minutes to do so I should be Tery mnch obliged. 

The PRESIDENT JJro tempore. The bills referred to are not on the 

Calendar. 

Mr. BLAIR. No, bnt I ask unanimous consent simply to be allowed 

to make a sta.tement at this time in regard to them. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from New Hampshire 

asks the unanimous con ent oft~ Senate to submit some remarks npon 

bills which have been referred to one of the. standing committees. Is 

there objection? The Chair hears none. Mr. BLAIR. I am partly led to do this from thefact that I have re- ceived many letters on the subject which wonld require considerable 

con:espondence, and therefore I take this occasion to reply . 

... 

The bill (S. ·817) to provide for the erection of a monument to the 

memory of Abraham Lincoln is as follows: 

Be it enacted by l"h.e- Benau and House of Representatives tJf the United Stales of America in 0o11!Jress assembled, That for ten years next after the pas age of this a.ct there shall be annually appropriated from the money in the Treasury $100,000, which several sums shall be expended, under the direction of the President, in the erection of a monument to the memory of Abraham Lincoln. SEc. 2. That said monument shall be located in the center of Lincoln Square, east ofthe Capitol, in the city of Washington, D. C. SEC. 3. That the whole cost of said monument shall be $1,000,000; the work thereon shall hegin within one year after the pa sage of this act; and s id mon- ument shall be similar in general tyle to that erected to the me!llory of George ·washington in the city of Washington., and built in accordance with plan and estimate to be approved by the President before the commencement of the work. SEC. 4. That this monument shall be built under the direction of the President, and without resort to the contract y tern, so called, any further than Rhall be una>oiuablein obtaining materials and decorations which cannot be constructed by labor and skill at the place of erection; and none but American citizen"' na- tive or naturalized, shall be employed in th performance oflabor on aidman· ument, and, so far as shall be consistent with the progress anu fitness, of the work, a rigid preferen·ce shall be given to the employment of soldiers who have been honorably discharged from the military and naval service of the United tates. 

The bill (S. 818) to provide for the erection of a. monument to the 

memory of Ulysses S. Grant is the same, with the exception of the· econd section, which_is as follows: -

Th.at said monument shall be located due north of the Capitol, within t.he limitR of the District of Columbia. 

It is conceded that the great names in onr history so fal' are W nshington, Lincoln, and Grant. T'.o.ey are a brotherhood, a trinity, conceived of in the popular mind not alone as equals, bnt as actual ociates, consulting still and forever, to preside over the destiny of the 

. nation and the Gov~ent which, by their wise and patriotic deeds .while living, they preserved. 

Washington,'s monument has been erected-a sublime and unequaled 

shaft, which more and more impresses one as the most appropriate design that could have been selected. To adopt any other d~ign save in 

the surroundings and minor things in the way of statuesabont the base 

and other mere adornments for his brethren and associates, Lincoln and 

Grant, would mar the unity of that tribute which the three monuments 

as a. whole would constitute to the patriotic virtues and high deeds to ~hich these men consecrated their lives. 

The experience of onr people in the effort to erect the monument to 

Washington (which cost sub tantially a million) demonstrates that no 

like and suitable memorial wi ever be erected in this city, if indeed 

in any other, to Lincoln and Gmnt by private effort alone. 

Yes, the nation ought to bnild them, and the nation will build them, 

or they will not be bnilt at all. It is already plain that Lincoln, dead 

now twenty-one years, will receh'"e no adequate tribute from the nation 

if private effort be relied upon; while the struggle to obtain a few dollars by private subscription shows the hopeles ness of the task in the case of Grant even now, when the heart of the people is.fall of a recent 

grief. The simple truth is that the numerous calls for less imposing 

memorials than would be appropriate in the capitaroft.he nation very 

heavily taxes the utmost capacity of local communities, and it is a 

shabby thing on the part of the nation towait for private enterprise to 

move or to leave these monuments here longer nnbuilt. , 

.Ail to the location, Washington Monument is dne :west from the 

center of the Capitol, the center of Lincoln Square is dne east from the 

center of the Capitol abont the same di tance. Go now to the north 

front of the Senate wing and look up North Capitol street to the horizon about the same distance. There is apparently the highest point of 

the hills that environ the city, a city like .Zion of old, which by hills 

surrounded stands beautiful for situation-the joy of the whole earth. 

Here, then, erect the monument to Grant among the soldiers whom he 

led and under the North Star. 

Conceive, now, these unequaled pillars climbing with equal step 

nearer to heaven than any others on the face of the earth; concei-ve of 

them as completed, and you will find it impo ible long to believe them 

to be lifeless rock-but instinct, rather, with the life-blood of the nation and with the personal presence of the hero and statesmen they 

commemorate. There they wonld stand forever, dominating the great 

cardinal points of our history and destiny. The power of these crreat 

monuments as educators over tho e who behold them or even think of 

them will be very great. But whatever style or location be adopted, 

let appropriate monuments be erected. The fourth ection of the bill 

is in strict keeping with the entin1ent.s which in pire the main hle:t. 

American citizens, native or naturalized (those who have uecl:ued their 

intention to be naturalized are held to be entitled to protection a ci tizens), should build these monument . The expenditure sl1o~d be for 

the benefit of those who need employment, and more and more the 

money paid out on public work must be gi\·en to those who are una· 

ble to command work in any other way, and thns somethino- be don 

to insure wage and support to onr urplns laboriug population· while 

the long-sanctioned principle that preference ball be gi,cu to the sol· 

dier and sailor who bas been honorn.bly ui!5cbarg~;>d from U1e service is 

to be rigidly complied with so far as it can be consistently with the 

progress and :fitness of the work. One huudred tllOm!aud dollars appropriated annually to each monument for ten yea1 would be bnt a. slight 

expenditure, while it certainly ·would iusure uuif?rmity in amount of 
1886. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 571 

employment, t~roughness of inspection, and consequent stability and 

perfection of the work. SALLIE JARRATT. 

Mr. MANDERSON. On Thursday last I gave notice that at this 

hour I would desire to address the Senate upon the bill (S. 137) to increase the efficiency of the infantry branch of the Army. I ask unanimous consent that that bill be now taken from the table and read. 

Mr. HARRIS. Would it inconv~nience the Senator from Nebraska 

to allow me to dispose of a motion to reconsider before he proceeds? 

Mr. MANDERSON. Certainly not; I yield for that purpose. 

1rir. HARRIS. AB the Senator from Nebraska yields for that purpose, I ask the Senate now to consider the motion I entered on the last 

day's sessio:B to reconsider the vote by which the bill (S. 16) for therelief ofSallie Jarratt, executrix of Gregory Jarratt, deceased, was passed. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Tennessee moves 

to reconsider the vote by which the bill indicated by him was passed. 

The motion to reconsider was agreed to. 

:Mr. HARRIS. I also entered a moti(}n to reconsider the vote by which 

·the bill was ordered to a third reading. 

The PRESIDENT p'ro tempore. The Senator from Tennessee also 

moves that the vote by TI hich the bill was ordered to a third reading be 

reconsidered. 

The motion to reconsider was agreed to. 

Mr. HARRIS. Now I wish to strike out the name of Sallie Jarratt 

and to in~ert the name which I have sent to the desk as administrator 

de bonis non. The PRESIDENT pro te;npore. The amendment will be reported. 

The CHIEF CLERK. Jn line 4, after the word ''to,'' strike out the 

worrls ''Sallie Jarratt, executrix,'' and insert in lieu thereof the words 

"J. A. Wilson, administrator de bonis Mn of the estate;" so as to read: 

That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, directed to pay to J. A. 'Vii on, administrator de bonis non of the estate of Gregory Jarratt, deceased, late of Hardeman County, Tennessee, &c. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third 

time, and passed. 

The titM was amended so as to read~ "A bill for the relief of J. A. 

Wilson, administrator de bonis non of the estate of Gregory Jauatt, 

deceased.'' EFFICIENCY OF THE INFANTRY. 

The PRESIDENT p}·o tempore. The Senator from Nebraska0 [Ur. 

MANDERSON] asks the unanimous consent of the Senate to proceed to 

the consideration of the bill (S. 137) to increase the efficfency of the 

infantry branch of the Army. . If· there be no objection that motion 

will be- considered as agreed to, and the bill is before the Senate. 

Mr. MANDERSON. I ask that the bill be read at length. 

The Chief Clerk read the bill (S. 137) to increase the efficiency of 

the infantry branch of the Army, as follows: 

Whereas ex:perience bas shown that the three:batta.lion organization of the cavalry and artillery branches of the Army is the most useful in tim.e of peace and best adapted to expansion in time of war: Therefore, • Be it enacted by Ute Senate and House of Rep1·esentatives of the United States of .Amt"rica in Congress assembled, That section 1106 of the R-evised Statutes of the United States of America. be amended so as to read as follows: •· Each infanlry regiment shall consist of twelve companies, one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, three majors, one adjutant, onequartermastel', one sergeantmajor, one quartermaster-sergeant, and one chief musician, who shall be in- structor of music, and two principal musicians. The adjutant and the quarter- master shall be extra lieutenants, selected from the first or second lie-utenants of the regiment: Provided, That all appdintments to the original vacancies above the grade of second lieutenant created by this act shall be filled by sen:- iority in the infantry arm of the service." 

Mr. MANDERSON. :Mr. President, the Constitution of the United 

States, framed by ~he people for the purposes expressed in its preamble, 

among which are to in:sure domestic tranquillity and provide for the 

common defense, grants to the Congress the power to raise and support 

armies, provide and maintain a navy, provide for 6rganizing, ru:ming, 

and disciplining the militia, and for calling them forth to execute the 

laws of the Union, suppress insurrection, and repel invasion. These 

grruits were the natural incidents flowing from the great power vested 

in the Congress, the right that is the highest prerogative of sovereignty, 

to declare war. The wise men who draughted the sacred instrument, 

coming to their labor fresh from the scenes of the war of the Revolution, 

realized the necessity for the maintenance in highest efficiency of a body of men selected from the best citizens of the country, trained 

and educated to arms. who should form the rallying-point, when danger 

threatened, for that well-regulated militia. declared to be so necessary 

to the security of a free state that the right of the people to bear arms 

should not be infringed. Realizing fully the onerous burden to the 

people of the support of the non-producing, much-consnming soldier, 

alive to the dangers of a Iargestanding·army, they realized just as fully 

that successful outcome to the governmental experiment just launched, 

and the maintenance of the new union of weak States as a nation upon 

the earth meant a condition of preparation for evils likely to threaten 

and the remaining in position to strike sturdy blows in vigorous attacks 

upon, the traitor within or the foe without. . 

Isubmit,inviewofthesegrantsofpowerthushurriedlysketched,there 

came to the Congress of the United States not only power but duty, and 

duty most high and imperative. Unforeseen and unexpected circumstances within our own borders in the intercourse among States, or 

arising from contact with foreign nations, might render it necessary for 

the natio.naJ. preservation at any time to declare war, . This fact made 

it the dnty of Congress at :a11 times to support an army "and maintain 

a navy, that we might be prepared for either attack or defense-be ready 

to give or to receive blows. There is not in constitution or statute a 

higher instance of where the optional may means the imperative sli.all. 

And not only is it its duty to support and maintain the Army and 

Navy, but itshonldsee to it that bymeansofthe finest armament, the 

best equipment, and the highest organization it is sufficient for the 

purposes for which it is to be used, affording the assurance of security 

in time of peace, and be the efficient, instructive nucleus to which our 

volunteer and militia organizations shall adhere· in time of war. 

The fact that the Army is to be a small one, compared with the armsbearing population, is gre.:'tter and more abundant reason for the highest 

order of organization and the best approved methods. The timid soul, 

afraid of a standing army, who sees in it a constant menace to the liberties of the people, and who fears the coming of the military dictator, 

held in usurping place by the bayonets of his hero-worshiping followers, 

has almost ceased to exist. But from the earliest days of the Republic 

his dismal forebo.dings have been heard, and I presume always will be 

until natio-ns shall war no more. As long ago as when Mr. Calhoun, 

of South Carolina, was Secretary of War these words were spoken by 

that far-seeing student of history : 

To cousider the present Army as dangerous to our liberty partakes, it is con- ceived, more of timidity than wisdom. Not to insist on the c.h.aracter of the officers, who as a body are high-minded and honorable men, attached to principles of freedom by education and reflection, what well-grounded apprehension can there be froru an establishment distributed on so extended a frontier, "with many thousand miles interv:ening between the extreme points occupied? But; the danger, it may besa.id, U;not so much from its numbers as a f:pirit hostile to liberty by which it is supposed ·all regular armies are actuated. 'rhis obserTa- tion is probably true when applied to standing a-rmies collected into large and powerful masses; but disposed as ours is over so vast a surface the danger, I conceive, is of an oppqsite character-that both officers and soldiers will lose their military habits and feelings by sliding gradually into those purely civil. 

Mr. Calhoun had limited experience bearing upon this subject, however, compared with those here to-day who saw the couBtry pass safely 

through the dark days of the war of rebellion and witnessed the vast contending hosts disappear so magically. And yet the veterans of both 

sides, Union and confederate, what thorough soldiers had they become! 

Many of them so youthful that they knew no other calling but "the 

pride and pomp and circumstance of glorious war;" the rest with civil 

·pursuits completely abandoned and their places in the busy marts of 

theworld:filledbyothers; all inured to the :field, with the habits of the 

military life fixed upon them; full oflove for their old leaders, for they 

had followed G:rant and Sherman, Lee and Johnson-these men disappeared among the ranks of civilians, losing -their identity, except as 

they were known as the most liberty-loving of citizens. A most distinguishedsoldier, equallyp-rominentascivilian, who·passed to his reward 

but a few months ago and who had exceptional opportunity to know 

wbereofhe spake, General George B. :McClellan, writes in 1877: 

All the incidents o.flbe past prove that the Army will never have the disposi- tion to jeopardize the free institutions of the country. Our nation would be safe indeed for an time did the mass of its citizens place upon its institutions the same intelligent appreciation as that in which they are held by the Army, and were honor, integrity, and respect for the laws as much the rule among the people as they are in the regular .Army, which has given too many proofs of heroism, of integrity, of devotion to the country to be regarded as a source of danger. On the contrary, be who understands its history must regard it with pride and sa.tisfaction as one of the chief ornaments of the nation, as a school wherein are taught and practiced the virtues of valor, self-denial, obedience, and patriotism, and as an institution which bas never called the blush of shame to the face of an American. 

The indorsement ofthis gallant soldier and pure-minded gentleman 

is not a whit too strong, and I submit that the objection to a standing 

army of proper numbers and a. high degree of efficiency can be dismi'>Sed as one unworthy of serious consideration. 

Had the Congress of the United States always performed its duty as 

enjoined by the Constitution in this ~ many of the darkest pages 

of our history would never have been :written. When war has come it 

is alway~ the unexpected that has happened. · When it does come, fortunate the ~ation that finds i~elf prepared for the dreadful trial and 

its adversary lacking in knowledge of the wisdom that in peace prepares 

for war. 

To the disgrace of the American Republic it is to be said th::~.t no decJara.tion of war with a foreign power and no rebellion to be grappled at 

home has ever found it prepared for the conflict. The same lamentably 

defenseless condition that exists to-day has usually existed, and nqth.ing 

except dread disaster and criminal sacrifice .of blood and treasure have 

ever seemed to arouse us from our lethargy. We have then been saved, 

not through the wisdom of the law-making power, bnt because of abundant resources that the early loss, horrible as it was, could onl:y temporarily embarrass, and because of the endurance, kill, ana seli:sacrificing 

patriotism of the citizen soldier of the country. It is also a historic 

fact that many of the civil leaders of the past have -permitted this unfortunate condition of affairs under a pretense ofvirtne, and have pleaded 

that their action was a proper and commendable economy. The false 

economists of this country have been its greatest curse. They have 
572 CONGRESSIONAL-RECORD-SENATE. J.ANU.ARY '11~ 

sn.ved in ,, nlthy dross" at the.sacrifice of the best blood of the natioli.. 

Mr. Calhoun well expresses it when he says: · 

Economy is certainly a very high political virtue, intimately connected with 

the power and public virtue of the community, In military operations, which 

under the best management are so expensive, it is of the utmost importance; . but by no propriety of language can that arrangement be called economical 

which, in order-that our military establishment in peace should be rather less 

expensive, would, regardless ofthe purposes for which it ought to be maintained, 

render it unfit to meet the dangers incident to a. state of war. . 

Bear with me for a few moments, while I recall some of the disgrace 

and loss resulting from the false economy that did not permit us to keep 

apace with the times in matters milit..'l.ry. In 1812 we suffered insult 

after insult to the flag, ship after ship was searched upon the high 

seas, and the declaration of war, that meant the maintenance of our national honor, was so long delayed, because of our beingwhollyu:npre~ 

pared for war, that the blush of shame mantled the cheek of many a 

patriot of that day. The war came at last; but how bitter the recollection of ;Hull's surrender, the capture of the capital by a force of but 

thirty-five hundred men, and the burning of the public buildings. Disasters continued, &ave upon the high seas, thanks to our bold privateersmen, and at last a peace was patched up that left the right of search an open question. The only bright spot in the history was the victory at 

New Orleans, won after the terms of peaee had been made. It would 

have gone hard with us if the great Napoleon had not beengiving:Mother 

England so much to do that she did not have the time to look after us 

very closely. Says a Secretary of War of the United States, commenting some years after the war of 1812: 

The disadvant-ages of inexperience in the officers nnd men without the means of immediate instruction was the fatal error at the commencement of the W.le war that co t us so much treasure and blood. The peace e tablishment which 

preceded it was very imperfectly organized, and did not admit of the necessary augmentation. · 

Senators, I suggest to you that our position to-day is the same. .And now let General McClellan tell the story of the Mexican war and that 

of the rebellion. I quote from his article upon the Army of the United 

States, written in 1877: 

When tbel\Iexi.can war broke outthe·actual strength of the regular .Army was about 5,300. The force with which General Tnylor reached the Rio Grande w 3 000, and that with which he fought the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de Ja Palma. only 2,100. There can be no doubt that if the strength of the Army had 

sufficed to enable him to move to the Rio Grande with 10,000 men the :M:exieaus 

would not h ve crossed the river and in all human probability the war would 

have been avoided. The cost of maintaining the 7,000 additional men during the whole period from the close of the war of 1812 to the commencement of the Mexican war would not have amotmted to two-thirds of the direct e.x- penses oft he latter war, not taking into account the large cost ofthe Seminole and 

other Indian wars, or the heavy losses by disease and in battle or the indirect 

lo es inseparable from all wars. But the mo t instructive case of all is t.hat of the civil war. We do not doubt 

that 15,000 regulars on the field of the fi.TSt Manassas would have insured the 

complete rout of the raw confederates, and, in all probability, put an end to the war. They would certainly have enabled us to drive the confederate govern- ment out of Virginia and have cleared the eastern portion of the State as com- pletely as the work was accomplishP-d a. little earlier in 'Vest Virginia. The cost of maintaining these 15,000 additional troops from the close of the Mexican war to the commencement oftbe war of secession would not have amounted toone- 1iftieth part of the. war debts of the General Government, the States, counties, 

and municipalities. Should we compare it with the total amount of direct and 

indirect expenditures by ooth parties to the war, the lo sesofthe two sections in 

lives in propert.y destroyed, business ruined, and capital sunk, we should be at a loss to express the relation, so absurdly small would be the relative cost of 

those additional trooDs. 

In the face of these lessons of the past shall we continue a false 

economy so destructive of the best material of the country? Pnrsu.ipg the.sa~e subject to its legitimate conclusion General McClellan says: 

If it be true that it is the duty of every government to prepare in time of 

peace the means adequ~te t? defend its territory .anc;t its people, th~ . ~tesmanlike method of proceedmg 1s clear enough. 'Veagbmg the probabilities of the 

future in the light of the experience of the past, with due regard to the changes produced by them, the proper strength of the Army should be determined; and once fixed it should not be changed without good and sufficient cause. Then it 

should be so organized, posted, and administered as to insure the greatest possible efficiency in the performanCe of its duties and in its instruction, while 

economy is insisted upon to the greatest extent consistent with that efficiency. If an army is necessary at all, it should, like any other necessary thing, be made 

in every respect efficient; and there is no true economy, but, on the contrary, real extravagance, m the policy of pt·acticing ill-judged parsimony either by 

reducing the Army below the requisite force or crippling its instruction and 

usefulness to save a. few dollars. 

But we are told international disputes are to be settled hereafter not . by the arbitrament of arms but by peace congresses. God speed the 

time when this ~Shall be so, but it will not be in our day or gen~ration. I do not believe, with Hobbes, that war is the natural stat~ of 

man, or, with Von Moltke, that the world would stagnate without it; 

but I do believe that while so many domestic ills are breeding discontent 

with tbe existing, while American citizens' rights abroad are trampled 

upon, while our interests political and commercial continue to clash with 

those of the other nations of the earth that support large armies, grimvisaged war is a necessity that must and will come. To quote from a 

sagacious observer, whose able article upon the military necessities of 

the United States is one of the best contributions to our stock of practical kn9wledge: 

The epoch of peace and prosperity with which our land is now blessed can not last forever. Until human nature shall rise above its present weaknesses the 

selfish aggressions of one people will ooca.sionally clash against the interests of 

another; the policies of difl'erent nations will come into collision and the sword 

will be used to cut the knot diplomacy can not untie. Howeper peaceable and 

non-aggressive a nation may be, circumstances may present it- with the choice of 

several evils of which war. will be the least.-Lieut. Arthur L. Wagner, U. B. A., 

in prize essay of18S4. 

The apathy of Congress upon the grave questions _of increaSing the 

efficiency of the Army and Navy and the bettering, or rather the creat-' 

ing, of seacoast defenses, is to me inexplicable. Repeated and oft-repeated recommendations from the Presidents of the United States, from 

experienced Secretaries of War· and "Navy, and warning words from the 

veterans who led our hosts to victory during the late war, all fall unheeded upon ears usually quick to hear that which mayproveadvantageous to the country we love. The parting words of the last General 

of the Army before he passed into retirement were: 

I can not help pleading to my countrymen at every opportunity to cheri hall 

that is.manly and noble in the military profession, because peace is enervating. nnd no man is wise enough to foretell when soldiers may be in demand again. 

. The signs of the times are that they will very soon be in demand. 

They are now called foron our southwestern boundary, wherethemur- . 

derous Apache lies in ambush among the rocks or sweeps from his mountain hiding-place to murder the settler. '£he telegrams from New; 

Mexico speak of the restlessness of many other bands of Indians, notably 

the Navajos, thouB:l.nds of whom have grown to manhood since.thelast · outbreak and keenly desire to rival the deeds of bravery recited by the 

older warriors about the nightly dance-fires. Prosperous Southwestern 

Kansas lives in hourly dread of an outbreak among the wild tribes just over the border. · Upon the northern boundary of the fair State that I ; 

have the honor in part to represent upon this floor are nearly 25,000 

of the savage Sioux Nation, the. stalwart and sinewy braves, armed to a man with the dea-dly Winchester. Within a short time I visited them 

at a few places on the 34,000 square miles devoted to their abuse rather · than use. • ' _ . 

I rejoiced to see some evidences of advancing civilization, and have 

hope for their future; but as I heard them, in the council-room by". day and in the wild dance at night, recounting their deedS of war, bonst · of the murderous part taken at the Custer and other massacres, saw 

the envious admiration gleaming from the faces of the listening young 

bucks, and the evidences of jealousy and desire for leadership on thepart of contending chiefs, I feared for the safety of the whit.C men and 

women who are so mpidly building charming villages and making 

thrifty farm-homes throughout all that .wonderfully beautiful New 

West. I am not one of those who feel hatred for the Indian. With 

the v majority of my fellow-Citizens of Nebrnska I would accord to 

him more than his rights; would protect him from all evils, inclndinglrimself as the greatest of all; would educate, civilize, Christianize him 

:into capable citizenship; but it will. tak~ years, if not generations, to 

change the Indian nature, and while it exists these periodic outbrea.ks, 

>vith their attendant indescribable horrors of homes desolated, children captured or brained, men tortur~d and _killed, and mothers and ·wives worse than murdered will occur. It is the clear duty of the 

Government to meet them by reaching the highest point of efficiency 

for the small Army that must stand between the frontier citizen and 

the disasi!er to be feared above all others. . But there be other threatening dangers worthy consideration. Far 

removed from the thickly-settled East, almost isolated in their fertile 

mountain valleys, live a wealthy people claiming to owe a higher alle- .giance than to the Government of the United States-living in open 

defiance ofthelaws.ofthe country, hatingourinstitutions, defying the 

officials appointed by the President and connrmed by the Sennte, and 

.visiting vile vengeance upon the heads of those officers who try to obey 

tbeir oaths and sustain the laws. The attitude of the Mormon Church, 

with its leaderspreachingdefianceand its 25,000of arms-bearing adult 

males ready to follow where these apostles-of crime may lead, is a con- stant threat and standing menace to the peace of the nation. Nothing 

but fear on their.part of the fipal outcome prevents the outbreak, and 

what man ean predict the momentwhenreligiousfanaticism will cause 

them to forget the fear. This great nation of Christian people would 

soon crush the rebellion, but it would save much blood and great treas- ure if its 'small Army was made more efficient. There are other elements threatening internal disturbance, but we can only glance at them 

in passing to t.he consideration of the bill before us. The riots in New 

York, Pitts burgh, Cincinnati, and other places within the last few years are the simple mu~terings of a discontented condition liable to break 

out in widespread destruction and anarchy. The socialisif! and nihilists 

have planted their seed in what they consider rich soil in this laud of 

free ·speech. I believe the laborers of the Republic, uniting as they are for the consideration of evils under which they suffer, will not be deceived by these foul conspll:ators. Ultimately existing wrongs will be 

righted, and the millions of toilers, who are of the country's best citizenship, industrious, intelligent, the fathers of its families and the owners:of its homes, who have the greatest stake in the welfare of the Republic, will see to it that the needed reforms are peaceably wroug~t 

out within the law and not in defiance of it. But before the d ired 

end is reached there will be much of conflict with the devils incarnate, 

whose synonym for reformation is destruction. · Time will not permit me to speak of complications that may .arise 

with foreign nations. Sufficient is it simply to refer tQ., our position 

with reference to the Isthmian canal; the importance of our maintam-
·• 

1886. CONGRESSIONAL RE_CORD-SENATE. 573 

·ng a complete neutrality in interoceanic communication across thenar- row neck of land connecting the great American continent; the necessity 

that Cuba, by passing from the hand of Spain, should not be added to 

the Bermudas and Jamaica, as another threat at our Atlantic seaboard 

by the great power that constitutes our chief rival; the investment of 

fifty millions of money by our citizens in nearly 2,000 miles of railway in the Republic of Mexico, inviting lawless confiscation and inter1erence with our commercial rights by our next neighbor; compli-· ca.tions likely to arise from interferen~e by European powers with the 

rights of our adopted citizens visiting their old homes, and the disputes 

attendant upon the sharp struggle with all competing nations as we seek markets abroad for the surplus products of our vast territorythese and others that will suggest themselves to you are the fertile causes that may at any time ''cry havoc, and let slip the dogs of war." 

It was undoubtedly such considerations as these that prompted the 

Chief Executive in his annual message to Congress and the leaders of 

both political parties to urge in forcible language the bettering of the 

Army, the building of seacoast defenses, the securing of the necessary 

plant to forge ~::1d weld the mighty guns needed to pierce the armored 

sides of the modern steelclads, and the construction of the ships re- quired to protect our·seaboard cities, save our commerce, an(\carry·the 

American flag victoriously-over all oceans. Many bills to bring about 

these desirable results have been introduced i.Dto both Houses during 

this session. I will not take the time to refer to them or to speak of 

the many meritorious schemes presented to aid in bringing the cavalry 

and artillery arms of the service to a point approaching that of perfection. · 

This bill is designed to make more efficient the infantry of the Army 

of the United States, Mr. President. By the training and experience 

that come from commanding a regiment of infantry during the last war I feel better qualified to speak of that branch than of the others. 

The days of my early manhood were given to the study of its tactics, 

and I hope the day may never come when I shall cease to be interested 

in and to love it. In numbers, in the v.aried duties required at its hands, 

in the important part to be played by it in time of war, the infantry is 

the main arm of the service. Says Colonel Home, of the British army, 

in his much-esteemed work on modern tactics: 

In armies, infantry undoubtedly takes the lead. and to its action that of the 

other arms must be subordinated. It is the main-stay and backbone of all, 

whether it be viewed in the light of numbers or its action upon the field of 

battle. Its fire is more deadly than that of artillery; its action is sure, while that 

of cavalry is fitful; upon it the brunt of the battle falls; it suffers more in ac- tion and more on the line of march, and on its tactics the whole superstructure 

of military operations must be built. 

The following is an interesting table in this connection, showing the 

lossinthevatiousarmsoftheservice, duringtheFranco-Prussian war, of 

the German army, theperce)ltagegiven being thelossofthewhole force: 

Office~s. Men. Per cent. _________ ____:__ _________ !---------

Infantry ................. ............................................... .. Cavalry .................................. ." .............................. .. Artillery ................................................ . , .............. . 

4,458 

279 

422 

112,029 

4,342 

5,~97 

17.6 

6.3 

6.5 

Similar statistics of the armies engaged during our late war would 

undoubtedly show a much stronger comparative loss in the infantry ~m. - And yet while the other arms of the service have been materially 

aided toward perfection of organization during the last twenty years 

the infantry branch has been permitted to stand still, and to-day is ::18 

far behind in tactical organization as though it was armed with the 

flint-lock musket, carrying the buck-and-ball cartridge instead of the 

Springfield breech-loader with its deadly missile. It retains the tencompany single-battalion organization that seems to have been adopted 

in 18~1, and which would bring death, defeat, and disaster to our arms in any :field engagement upon which we would enter, meeting, as we would, the changed conditions of tactics and armament of armies framed 

upon modern and approved methods. 

The bill under consideration proposes to change from the single battalion, now composing a regiment, to a regimental line composed of 

three battalions. Before passing to the tactical effect of this change; 

the causes that produced it, and the authority for it, let us investigate as to the present make-up of armies proper for us to look upon as modelS. 

In the very nature of things, a nation "like ours, maintaining a small 

and comparatively inexpensive army during times of peace, must be an imitator and copy from powers expending largely in costly experiments. 

It has ever been so. In 1775 Col. Timothy Pickering, of Massachu-· setts, afterward distinguish,d in the military and civil history of the 

United States, compiled a" plan and discipline for the militia," which 

gave such of the British battalion movements as were adapted to American service. 

When Baron Steuben came to this country and began to drill the Continental troops he published, in 1782, his "Rules of Discipline," which 

were almost literally translated from the drill and discipline which had 

been introduced by Frederick the .Great. In March, 1789, Congress approved and established this system of tactics, which remained in use until the resolution was repealed in 1820 The tactics in use sinee then, 

whether of Scott, Hardee, or Upton, have all been adapted from the 

German and French systems. The exjsting and convincing faet is that 

not a single- European power retains the single-battalion organization of 

infantry regiments, all having abandoned it years ago as not adapted to a state of war, and therefore not :fit to be maintained in time of peace. 

Nearly ten years ago the United States sent efficient officers, representing the three great branches of its army-General Emery Upton, 

J.lrlaj. Georgel.... Forsyth, and Capt. J.P. Sanger-tovisitEuropeandA.sia 

and report1 after full investigation, what changes shoulube made in 9ur 

Army to modernize and perfect it. The very valuable report of these 

gentlemen was made to Congress and puhlished to the world in 1877, 

and the :first and seemingly the most important recommendation made 

by then;~. was that we should change to the three-battalion organization 

for infantry as we had already done for the cavalry and artillery. They 

did this because they folind the following to be the condition of the ad 

vanced nations abroad, and I quote from the report known as ''Upton's 

Armies of Asia and Europe:" 

The infantry of the German Empire consists in time of pea.ce of one hundred 

and forty-eight regiments of .three battalions each. (Page 192.) · . The influence of the Franco-Prussian war in producing modification in mili t.ary organization is nowhere more perceptible than in the French infantryd. Four companies were substituted for six in the composition of a battalion, an a regiment was ordered to be made of four battalions. Since that time the threebattalion organization has been adopted by France. (Page 226.) 

In Russia the regiments of thethreedivisions oftheguardand the six divisions 

of the army of the Caucasus have four battalions of four companies each. All 

other regiments have three battalions of five companies each. (Page 149.) 

The Austrian infantry is organized into regiments composedoffivefield battal 

ions of four companies each and one depot battalion of five companies. In case of war the six battalions are organized into two regiments". of three bat~ons 

each, the fifth company of the depot "battalion remaining as a common depot for 

both regiments. (Page 162.} 

In Italy a. battalion consists of four companies and a regiment of three battal 

ions and a. depot. The rfflemen regiment~ are composed of four battalions eacl:l 

(Page 102.} How completely the army of Japan bas been Europeanized may be inferred 

from the organization of the infantry. A regiment consists of three battalion:~ 

of four companies each. (Page 9.) 

The infantry regiments of England are composed of eight companies 

forming two battalions of four companies each. Even this organiza 

tion, so much better than ours, is severely condemned by her own mill 

tary critics, notably by the most eminent general, Sir Lumley Graham 

who insists that the Prussian three-battalion formation is much better 

General Upton condemns it in the following terms: 

The adherence of England to a military system inherit~d from the last cent- ury can only be explained by her insular position and the security from inva 

sion afforded by·a powerful navy. * * * Should England assail any of her 

formidable neighbors, we may safely anticipate that the war will be followed 

either by a speedy reorganization of her army or by the total abandonment of 

the policy of armed intervention in foreign affairs. (Pages 268, 269.) 

I might continue to quote and show conclusively that every war like power has advanced beyond us and is ready to meet improved arms with improved organization. 

But how stands the other side? Whatnationsclingtothe dangerous 

obsolete, single-battalion formation? When our commission returned 

from abroad it declared that it knew no worse army than that of Persia 

and as to another Eastern nation, it said: 

The decline in military organization from India to Persia. is scarcely less marked 

than from Japan to <...."'hinn.. * * * ·The Chinese army is as backward in its tac- tics as in its armament. * * * Its officers have not the sUghtest appreciation of the amount of instruction required for troops in modern war1 nor do they 

possess .any knowledge of the methods of arranging and conductmg troops in 

battle. * * * The instruction witnessed at Pekin was a mere burlesque of in 

fantrydrill. * * * It is the only·country where the profession of arms is no honored. For ages a proverb to the effect that "as you would not use good iron to make a nail, so you would not use a good man to make a soldier," bas hung like a millstone about the necks of the officers and soldiers of the Chinese army 

The infantry organizations of these two uncivilized pagan nations, 

whose armies are laughed at by the world, is, that regiments shall be 

composed of a single battalion of ten companies, with each company of one hundred men commanded by one captain and two subalterns 

This is the present formation .of the United States infantry, and to the 

shame of the Congress be it said that because it will not do its duty, as clearly enjoined by the Constitution, this great Republic stands, so far as the formation of its chief military arm is concerned, with the coun tries I have last described-Persia, China, and the United States. We are in proud company, truly. Senators, it is for us as one branch of 

Congress to say whether we will remain there. . This bill brings nothing new for your consideration. Its provisions, 

have been desired by General Grant. Generals Sherman and Sheridan 

have often urged it. Let me show you how much it has been sought for 

by the generals of our armies and how often recommended by Secretaries 

of War. In General Sherman's memoirs, published jn 1875, referring 

to the organization of the Army during the war, he says: 

To the new regiments of infantry was given an organization differing from any that had heretofore prevailed in this country-of three battalions of eight com parries each; but at no time did more than one of these regiments attain its full 

standard·; nor in the vast army of volunteers that was raised during the war were any of the regiments of infantry formed on the three-battalion system, but 

these were universally single battalions of ten companies; so that on the reor ganiz-ation of the regular Army at the close of the war Congress adopted the 

form of twelve companies for the regiments of cavalry and artillery, and that of ten companies for the infantry, which is the present standard. 

I nasmucb as the regular Army will naturally form the standard of organization for any in~rease or for new reg;imel'lts of volupteers, it becomes important to ~tudy this subj-ect in the light of past experien~ an~ to select that form which IS best for peace as well as war. A cavalryregunentlSnowcomposed oftwelvo 
574 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. JANuARY 11, 

oompanies, usually divided into six squadrons of two companies each or, ktter, subdivided into three battalions of four companies eaah. This is an excellent · form, easily admitting of subdivision as well as union into larger masses. A single battalion of four companies, with~;~. field officer, will comprise a good 

body for a garrison, for a. separate expedition, or for a. detachmeJat .i. and in war three regiments would compose a good brigade, three brigades a aivision, and three divisions a .strong cavalry corps, such as was formed a.nd fought by Gen- erals Sherida n a nd Wilson da:ring the war. In the a rtillery arm the officers differ widely in their opinion of the true or- ganization. A single company forms a battery, and habitually each battery acfu separntely, though sometimes sev eral are united or" ma sed," but these always act in concert with cavalry or infantry . . Nevertheless, the regimental organiza- tion for artillery bas a.l ways been maintained in this country for classification and promotion. Twelve companies compose a regiment, and though probably no colonel ev e r commanded his full regimen t in the form of twelve batteries, yet in p eace they occupy our l1 eavy seacoast forts or act as infantry; then the regi- menta l organization is both n ecessary an d conv enient. But the infantry com- poses the great m ass of all arm ies, and the true form of the regiment or 'Unit has been the subject of infinite di cussion, a n d, as I ha.Ye stated, during the civil war the r egiment was a single battalion of ten companies. In olden times the regi- ment was composed of eight-battalion companies and two flank companies. The first a nd tenth compan ies were armed with rifles and were styled and used as "skirmishe r-·," but during the war they were never used exclusively for that specia l purpose, and in fact no distinction existed between them and the other eig ht compa nte . • · The ten-company organization is awkward in practice, and I am sati fied that the inf~~<ntry r egiment should have the same identical organization as exists for the <>avalry and artillery, namely, twelve companies, so as to be susceptible of division into th ree battalions of four companies each. These companies should habitually be a bout one hundred men strong, giving twelve hundred to a regiment, which i n practice would settle down to about one thousand men. Three such regiments 'wot~d compa e a brigade, three brigade a division, and three divi ions a corps. Tbep by allowing to an infantry corps a brigade of cavalry and six batte ries of field artillery, we would' have an efficient corps d'annee of thit·ly thousand men, who e .organization would be simple and most efficient, and whose strength should never be allowed to fall below twenty-five thousand men. 

In 1869, when General Sherman was in command of the Army, he 

made similar recommendations to the Secretary of War, who approved 

the same. In 1880 and again in 1882 attention was called to the matter. In 18 3 the general says: 

On the 8th of February, 1884, I will attain the limit of age fixed by Congress for military service in the Army, and I purposely asked of the President the privilege of anticipating this date to enable my successor to make such recommen- dations as be may deem necessary; but before leaving I beg to record an expres- sion of opinion that it will be found wise to provide a common organization for all arms of the service, namely: · That each regiment of infantry be composed of twelve companies1 the same as now·with the artillery and cavalry, IWlking three battalions, each of four com- panies, in time of peace and of eight in time of war; that each company shall have a hundred men; and that in time of peace two of these battalions (eight 

companies) shall be maintained on a perfect war footing, while the other bat- talion (four companies) maybe a mere skeleton. with its complement of officers, and used as a nucleus for recruits. In this battalion can be placed the officers and soldiers invalided by hard service or sickness, and such as are not weaned of home influence or family importunity. 'Vcre such an organization (thus briefly sketched, but more elaborately de- scrib ed in former reports) to be sanctioned by Congress, the military peace es- tablishment could, I believe, be maintained on the present estimates, and would possess the inestimable advantage of admitting of an increase without" dis- order or confn iQn" to 6,000 artillery, 12,000 cavalry, a.nd 30,000 infantry by the mere scratch of o. pen and the magie wand of PlOney; and afterward. by doub- ling the enlisted strength of each company, without the further addition of a. single officer, we should have the respectable force of 96,000 men, a force large 

enough for any probable necessity during the remainder of this century. The militia and volunteers of the ~tates would soon follow suit, and we should han~ throughout the country these small handy battalions of four companies, instead of the large cumbersome regiments of ten companies-a bad tactical unit, and in practice always scattered." 

As to this the Secretary of War, Mr. Lincoln, says: 

The report of the General of the Army has a special interest in being the last annual report that General Sherman will make. At his own request he has been relieved from the command of the .Al'my, preparatory to his retirement from active service under the act of1882. He has, therefore, thought it best to refrain from ma.lring any new recommendations in his report, leaving that duty to his successor in the command of the Army, Lieutenant-General Sheridan. He, however~ calls attention to and renews a former recommendation that a new organizat-ion be adopted for the regiments of infantry, so that each shall be composed of twelve companies,_ making three battalions of four companies each·, each company, having one hunared men; and that in timeofpeace two of these battalions shall be maintained on a perfect war footing, while the other battalion may be a mere skeleton, with its complement of officers, and be used as a nucleus for recruits. The great advantage of this change, as suggested by the general, is th.p important one of being able to put a large and effective force in the field, on sltort notice, by merely enlisting a sufficient number of additional private soldiers, the officers and organization being alwayS! ready to receive them. 

In 1884·General Sheridan, being in command of the Army, says: 

Were I called upon to recommend any change whatever, it would be simply to make a uniform organization for the three arms of the service by adding two companies and the corresponding majors to each regiment of infantry. 

And in ·this the Secremry of War again concurs. In his report for 

1885 he again says he would ''increase the number of men in the com- panies and add two more companies and two majors to each regiment 

of infantry;" and Secretary Endicott hopes it may be done and '~the 

three arms of the service be made uniform.'' 

Ignoring, however, these well-considered recommendations, and casting aside ''the European intelligence that discards and the Oriental obtusenessthatretains''theold-timeten-company battalio~letu.sexamine 

the case upon its merits. General Graham, than whom there is nb better 

authority, says: 

The formation of infantry for battle must be such as to favor to the utmost the effect of its own fire and to minimize the damage done by that of the enemy. 

So, :first considering the change in arms since the late war, let us then 

pass to the cbange in line of battle that must follow to enable the in- fantry, the bone and sinew of the Army, to qe effectively used on the 

field of battle. 

In a quarter of a centu.-rywehave progressed from the muzzle-loading, 

smooth-bore musket to the preech-loading rille. The muzzle-loader 

meant at most two, and usually one, shot a minute, with uncertainty 

of aim, execution at not exceeding 400 and no assurance of a deathdealing shot at over 200 yards. The breech-loader means :firing six 

times a minute, with accuracy of aim, carrying the deadly missile 2, 000 

yards. Theincreaseofeffectiverangeisthereforeoverfivetimes; which ·means that if it would take an advancing line four minutes to passover 

the shorter space of 400 yards it_wonld take it twenty minutes to pass over the greater distance of 2,000 yards. Practically, however, it could 

not pass over the greater space at so rapid a gait, and it is safe to say 

that the power of the present arm for. inflicting loss of life upon an ad- vancing line is at least 10, and perhaps 20, to 1 in relation to the weapon 

used during the late war. • In the same tactical formation of infantry probably :fifteen men would 

be killed where one was killed with the former fire-arm. Add to this 

the powerful machine guns now used, such as the Gatling and Hotchki , and the rate of death to the closed files of double rank would be 

terribly increased. This it is that makes the :present single-battalion, 

double-rank formation a suicidal one and that has caused its abandonment in other civilized. nations. For a line to live under these changed 

conditionS means that it shall be a single li1le, with intervals or spaces 

between the men who are to receive attack or make assault. The length 

of line of the present one thousand men of a. regiment; in double mnk, 

without intervals, is about 300 yards, and in single rank 600 yards. 

E>ery regimental commander of om late war will appreciate the difficulty of commanding e>en this length of line. In the din of battle 

neither voice nor bugle-note can easily be heard. The noise of conflict 

has been greatly intensified by the introduction of the breech-loading re- peating fire-arm. 

Von Scherff, the great German mill tary-writer, referring to the FrnncoP.rnssian war, says: · 

It was very difficult for officers to keep their men together, because of tho noise of a close conflict between breech-loader and breech-loader. 

Let the single line be lengthened by intervaJ.s between the files, as it 

must now be, and how powerless would any colonel be to control and 

command his regiment. He absolutely needs the three-battalion formation with a subordinate commander, a major, for each battalion. 

He can not even personally command one and supervise the action of the 

others, for with the battalions properly placed according to modern 

tactics, each in rear of the other, the first with its skirmishers and sup- porting lines and columns holding a front of 200 yards and a depth of 

400, the second and third battalions in column with spaces of about 250 

yards intervening, with a total depth (owing· to the far-penetrating power 

of the modern arm) of about 1, 000 yards-being about the depth of a division prepared for battle as it was formed in the three-line brigade or- ganization during our war-the colonel commanding could not only not 

be heard, but in most cases he could not see his. command. The lieutenant-colonel, as the title implies, is needed as the lieutenant or general assistant of the colonel, and the majors commanding battalions be- come an absolute necessity for successful warfare. 

To sum up the tactical :matter, the old line-of-battle formation used 

during our civil war ''now belongs to the past a.s completely as the ~1acedonian phalanx, and the general who would use it would simply 

invite the murder of his army and sacrifice the canse of his country on the altru; of imbecile conservatism." The present organization is objectionable in that it bas no expansive power and mnst be totally changed 

in time of war, thus violating afamiliarmilitarymaxim that'' the plan 

of an army should be the same in time of peace as in time of war.'' The 

bill before us proposes a regiment in time of peace of twelve companies 

of fifty men each, comprising the three llattalions so urgently n.eeded. It would have its fnll complement of officers at the outbreak of war and 

would simply need the order of the Secretary of War to recruit its ranks 

to the maximum, and the force of six hundred would become twelve hundred men. A war footing would be reached promptly, without the delay 

incident to calling new battalions into life, and, as compared with the 

formation of new regiments, withgJ;eateconomy. This rapid expansion 

would permit the speedy crushing out of any hostile demonstration. 

An important incident flowing from the :passage of this bill .is promotion to the infantry branch of the service. Fifty captains will be 

made majors, one hundred first lieutenants will be made captains, one hundred and fifty second lieutenants will be made first lieutenants, 

and two hundred second lieutenants would be commissioned, provided 

it is deemed ·best to fully officer the third battalion of each regiment. 

Since the reorganization of the Army, immediately after the war, promotion has been at a halt in the infantrybTanch, to its great injury. In 

the other arms, except as to lieutenants of artillery, it has been rea- sonably rapid. In the Staff, Engineer, and Ordnance Corps it has been 

quite so. Every second lieutenant of engineers of 1861-'62 reached major's 

rank over ten years ago, and many graduates since the war in that 

corps are majors to-day. No fault can be found with this, but by re- flection it acts injuriously npon the infantry, the officers of which, as one of them has observed, ''have apparently received the tactical com- mand 'l\Iark time! march!' which, while it simulates marching, admits of no progression.'' Promotion is needed to keep up a proper 

esprit de cor:ps. It broadens an officer's experience and gives him an 
1886. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD- SENATE. 575 

incentive to do good work. No business man would feel that he was 

doing right in keeping an efficient employe in the same grade for a 

quarter of a century. Advancing years mean increased family and 

other cares and greater responsibility. It has been well said by a naval 

officer, writing upon a subject akin to this: · 

The enforced continuance in subordinate stations can not fail to tell upon even the be t men. The tendency of such ::1. sy tem is to make mere routine men, to sub titu te apathyandindolenceforzealandenergy. * * * Officerswhogrow old in one gra de and withou~ promotion are but little encouraged to exercise their own powers of volition. They come to regard themselves as part of a. ma- chine. • * * Se lf-reliance, resolute action, readiness of resource, and the ex- ercise of individua l judgment are all trampled out by this stagnation, 

T here are lieutenants of infantry to-day who served during the war 

of rebellion who, under the existing circumstances, will consider themseln~s fortunate if on reaching the age of sixty-four they will be able to 

retire as captains. With children ~rown to manhood these officers, some 

of them grandfathers, hold a rank always associated with youth and its 

ph;p;iCD.l actirity . I have one officer in mind, and I mention hiB case 

simply because he is a type of many, who sened with distinction durin,g a.!l the late war; bas been on the frontier ever since faithfullyperfornling his duty; been in the Indian wars, and stands to-day beyond 

the number 200 on the list of captains. In but little over twenty yeru:s 

he v.ill be retired with the bars and not the leaf or eagle upon his 

sbon Jo ers. This gallant officer is in the Slough of Despond. The passage of this bill will lift him out. 

I l'""Ould not urge this bill simply because of the incident of promotion, but the existing stagnation is so great that many bills are .before 

Con~re s endeavoring to 1·ecognize that necessity alone, whereas this 

bill in accomplishing the proper construction of the physical machine 

of the ·Army pays attention als9 to that axiom of war that without promotion an army can not be effective. 

A few words upon-the cost incident to this change and ! will leave 

the subject upon which I have been unnecessarily prolix. The cost of 

maintaining the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1886, is: 

Pay of officers nnd enlisted men. ........................................................ $12,205,000 

~;l~f~g ~f:i1s!~~dm~~~:~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: t~:~ 

15,255,000 

But little additional expenditure will bring about the g~at good to 

the country that I have endeavored to set forth to-day. Respondin~ 

to my request, Lieutenant-G·eneral Sheridan has furnished me with a 

detailed statement of the total cost of adding the full complement of 

officers and the twenty-five hundred enlisted men needed to bring every 

company up to the full peacestanda.rdon the three-battalion formation. 

I gi \·e it in full: 

Anal.IJsis and summary of the a.nntuil increase in pay of officers and pay, 

mtions, and clothing allowance, of enlisted men under tlte provisions of 

tlte Manderson bill ( 8. 137). OITFICERS. 

J ncreasc in pay of each officer promoted to higher grade~ 

Captains of over twenty years' service to majors .......................................... $920 Fhst lieutenants of over twenty years' service to captains........................... 420 First lieutenants of between fifteen and twenty years' service to captains... 390 

First lieutenants of between ten and fifteen years' service to captain ......... 360 

Second lieutenants of oyer twenty years' service to first lieutenants........... JAO Second lieutenants of between fi.ft~en and twenty years' service to first lieu- tenants............ ............................................................................................. 130 Second lieutenants of between ten aud fifteen years' service to first lieuten- ants. .............. --·· ........................ _................................ ........................ .. ...... 120 Second lieutenants of between five and ten years' service to fir t lieutenants.: llO Se<mnd lieutenants of less than five years' service to first lieuteiUl.nts ......... 100 

The annual pay of each of the newly-appointed second lieutenants would be $1,400. . All of the fifty captains who would be promoted to majors have served over twenty years; the total increase in their pay would then be $46,000. 

Of the one hundredfirstlieutena.ntspromoted to be captains seventy-two have over twenty years of service, twenty-three between fifteen and twenty years' sen· ice, and five between ten and fifteen years' service ; the total increase in their pay \VOuld then be $41,010. 

Of the one hundred and fifty second lieutenants promoted to be first lieuten- ants, two have over twenty years of service, eight between fifteen and twenty 

years,.forty-si::r:: between ten and fifteen . years, eighty-seven between five and ten years, and s.even less than five years of se1·vice ; the total increase in their pay would then be $17, UO. 

· 'l'hlil grand total or increase of pay for the officers promoted would then be $10-1 ,120. Two hundred second lieutenants would be added to the .A..rmy; their pay would be $?-80,000. The aggregate of these two last sums, or $3S!,L?Q, expresses the total annual increase chargeable to officers' pay as affected by the bill. 

lU\"LISTED liiES. 

Each company of infantry as constituted by law contains one first sergeant, four sergeants, four corporals, two artificers, two musicians, one wagoner, and thirty-six prh·ates; their p a y and allowances are given in the following table: 

First sergeant ....................................... , ............................ . Sergeant ............................................................................ . Corporal .......... ................................. ................................... . 

t~~cie:n··.:·.·.::·.·:::.·.:::·.·. .·:::.::::·::. .·.· :: .·:.·.·.:::·.·.·.::: .::: :·.::::·.·:.·: ·: ·::.·::::.::: 'Vag oner .................................... ........................................ . Private .......................................... .................................. ~ .. 

*A Yerage annual value of allowance. 

1\fonthly Clothing.* pay. 

$2200 

17 00 15 00 

15 00 

13 00 14 00 1.300 

$391.3 

3825 

37 45 

35 70 3660 

' 35 70 35 70 

NOTE.-Daily value of rations a,,-erages 20 cent3 for ca.ch non-commissioned officer and private. 

As a matter of fact many infantry companies do not contain more than forty instead of fifty men, as stated in theorganizationgivenabove; the computation as to the cost of maintenance of a company is therefore, in the following table, 

given upon the basis of fifty and also of forty enliste~ men for one year: 

Pay. Rations. Clothing. Totnt 

One company, fifty men..................... $8,256 

Fifty companies, fifty men................. 412,800 One company, forty men.................... 6, 696 

Fifty companies, forty mel?-...... -....... 334,800 

S3,520 

176,000 

2,816 

14.0,800 

$1.,807 53 $13,583. 53 90, 376 00 679,176 :50 1 450 53 10,962 53 

72:526 50 548, 126 50 

The total cost for officers and fifty companies, of fifty men each, would then be 31,063,296.50. . If the companies.were of only forty men each it would be $932,246.50. 

Thus an expenditure of $1,000,000 would place us where we shoulll 

be as to the infantry arm of the United States Army. The actual cost of 

the full complement would be less, in fact. The graduating class at the 

West Point Academy this year is declared to be the largest in numbeJ.· 

and the highest in efficiency that that institution hns ever graduated. 

There will be seventy-eight young men, fairly grounded in the science 

of war, at great expense to the Government, to be placed where they 

can do their country some service. · There will be but thirty-nine >acancies for them to fill, but the other thirty-nine will undoubtedly be 

added to the Army as additionallieutesants. The pay of these, amounting to nearly $1lO,OOO, should be deducted, thus leaving the amount 

$900,000: Still futther reductions might be made in the estimate. If 

the companies are left at forty men each the CO!ltis$932,000. Sopposc 

it should be deemed advisable to promote but one hundred second lieutenants to be :first lieutenants and commission but one hundred seconcl 

lieutenants, leaving the two additional companies without that subaltern officer, the saving would be about $140,000, thus obtaining a. fair 

measure of improvement at an increase of $800,000 per annum. 

We should not confound parsimony with economy. '.frue econ~my 

consists not.in penurious expenditures, but in exercising care that one 

gets the full value·ofmoneyexpended. Spending as we do$15,000,000 

annually to maintain our Army, we do not get the worth of our money; 

for the obsolete organization I have described makes it inefficient, a 

broken staff to lean upon in the hour of danger. Let us spend 1, 000,000 

more, and we will get the worth of the entire amount expended, and 

the :first war will show the economical wisdom of having thus prepared 

for .it. An army officer has given me a homely but apt illustration th..'l.t 

I will present. • 

Let us suppose that a frontiersman needs a rifle to protect hilll.Self 

from savage foes. We will say that for $15 he can get one of old model, 

with defective mechanism, which at the critical moment may miss fire. 

For $16 he can get a rifle of approved pattern, true to ita aim and sn.re to 

deal death to any assailant. To buy the former would be to save a dollar and risk destruction, but should the frontiersman make such a choice 

his mistaken economy would be characterized ·as the grossest stupidity. 

I need not make the application. Do not let us be so stupid, but pursue 

the course that has _every military authority worthy of consideration 

to support it and none against it. 

11fr. President, I move that the bill be referred to the Committee on 

Uilitary A:ffa.irs. 

The motion was agreed to. 

PRINTING OF A BILL. 

Mr. EDMUNDS. I move that the bill (S. 10) to amend an net entitled "An act to amend section 5352 of the Revised Statutes of the 

United States in reference to bigamy, andforotherpurposes," approved 

March 22, 1882, as passed by the ~enate, be printed as passed.. It was 

printed in the RECQRD as passed, but I am applied to, as other gentlemen are, for copies. Therefore, I move that the bill be printed for the 

use of the Senate as it was-passed. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. MORGAN in the chair). The Sen 

ator from Vermont moves that Senate bill No. 10 be printed for the 

use of the Senate as it was passed. 

The motion was agreed to. 

COIN DUTIES ON Il\I.PORTED GOODS. 

Mr. PUGH. Mr. President, some days ago I gave notice that_ when 

the Utah bill was disposed of I should call .up the resolution of the 

Senator from Kentucky [Mr. BECK] for the ]mrpose of addressing the 

Senate. It is buta.fewminutes before 2 o'clock, when the regular order 

will bo taken up, an,d ifit is in order now, !will movethattheregular 

oider be temporarily laid aside so as not to lose its place. 

Mr. HARRIS. Ask unanimous consent. 

Mr. PUGH. Well, I usk unanimous consent that the regular order 

be laid aside and that the resolution of the "Senator from Kentucky be 

taken up for consideration. 

The PRESIDINGOFFICER. The Chairwouldremarkthattheregular order at this time is the bill which was under consideration in the 

morning hour on Friday, tbe bill (S. 506) for the relief of Emerson 

Etheridge and William B. Stokes. Does the motion apply to that? 

.Mr. PUGH. Yes; I move to lay tha t aside temporarily. 

ThePRESIDINGOFFICER. TheSenatorfromAlabama asksunanimous consent that Senate bill 506 be laid aside for the purpose of en.- ablin<>' him to submit some remarks on the resolution of the Senator 
576 CONGRESSION~L . RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 11, 

from Kentucky which be proposes to submit for the Consideration of 

the Senate. Is there objection? The Chair bears none. The same order will be r:_egarded as applying to the unfinished business coming 

up at 2 o'clock, the judicial salary bill. 

The Senate proceeded to consider the following resolution submitted 

by Mr. BECK December 18, 1885: · . 

Whereas the Jaws of the United States require that all duties on imported goods shall be paid in coin; and 

Whereas it is provided by section 3694 of the Revised Statutes that" the coin 

paid for duties on imported goods shall be set apart as a special fund, and shall 

be applied as follows: First, to the payment, in coin, of the interest on the bonds 

and notes of the United States; second, to the purchase or payment of 1 percent. of the entire debt of the United States, to be made within each fiscal year, which 

is to be set apart as a sinking fund, and the interest of which shall in like man- ner be applied to the purchase or payment of the public debt, as the Secretary of the Treasury shall, from time t-o time direct; third, the residue to b&paid into 

the Treasury: " 

Resol1!ed, That the Committee on Finance be instructed to inquire whether the 

Jaws above stated now are, or have heretofore, been obeyed; and if they have 

not, to report by bill, or otherwise, such measures as will secure their enforce- ment. 

1-fr. PUGH proceeded to address the Senate. Having spoken nearly 

two hours, . Mr. EDMUNDS. With the eonsent of the Senator from Alabama, I 

will move that the Senate proceed to the . consideration of executive 

business. . Mr. PUGH. I give way. 

Mr. VANCE. I give notice that at the conclusion of the speech of 

the Senator from Alabama to-morrow I shall ask for the continuation 

of the consideration of the pending resolution, in order that I may submit a few remarks on the subject . 

.JUDICIAL SALARIES. 

Reuben K. Sawyer, atWellesley, Mass., tliceWilliamH. Flagg, com- mission expired. 

John B. Turner, at Newtonville, Mass., t'ice Jeremiah B. Lovett, com- mission expired. . · 

William J. Wallace, at Norwood, Mass., the office having become 

Presidential. 

Noah :Wadsworth, at Northborough, Mass., the office having become 

Presidential. • 

Paron C. Young, at Provincetown, Mass., t·ice Paron C. Young, com- mission expired. · James Rutherford, at Milford, Mich., vice J obn Crawford, deceased. 

Addison S. Clark, at Westfield, N. J., vice Frederick Decker, com- mission expired. 

Frederick G. Wilse, at Bordentown, N. J., vice Henry N etteroth, 

commission CXlJired. · · 

Samuel B. Whittaker, at Fulton, N.Y., vice Newell C. Gilbert, com- mission expired. 

Frank D. Travis, at Holdrege, Nebr., the office having become Presidential. . Homer C. Bair; at Punxsutawney, Pa., the office having become 

Presidential. 

L. L. 1\Iaugbs, at Denison City, Tex., vice Charles T. Daugherty, 

commission expired. 

W. J. F. Ross, at Waxahachie, Tex., vice Thomas W. Florence, resigned. . A. A. Lewis, at Gallatin, Tenn., vice Thomas H. Prince, commission 

expired. . James B. Tolliver, at Lebanon, Tenn., vice Edgar Waters, resigned. 

NOMINATION WITHDRAWN. Mr. EDA!UNDS. I fust call for the regular order that it may be the 

unfinished business to-morrow, the judicial salary bill. William H. McArdle, of Mississippi, to be consul of the United 

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. PLATT in the chair). .The Chair States at San Juan del Norte, he having declined the appointment. 

will lay before tlle Senate the unfinished business. 

The CHIEF CLERK. A bill (S. 6) fixing the sa.laries of the several 

judges of the United States district courts at $5,000 per annum, and 

for other purposes. . . Mr. EDMUNDS. I now move that the Senate proceed to the con- sideration of executive business. 

The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proeeeded to the consideration of executive businesS. After one hour and thirty-seven minutes 

spent in executive ~on the doors were reopened, and (at 5 o'clock 

and 25 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned. 

EXECUTIVE NOMINATIONS. 

Received the 11th day of January, 188G. 

COLLECTOR OF L.~TERNAL REVENUE. 

James Shields, for the district of Montana, vice Thomas P. Fuller, 

suspended. · 

REGISTER OF THE LAND OFFICE. 

J. Gideon Harris, at Montgomery, AL.'l., vice Thomas J. Scott, resigned. 

POSTI\IASTEBS. 

Thomas Ryan, atSaultdeSte. Marie, !fieh., viceMyron W. Scranton, 

suspended. . Charles Holliday, at Saint .Louis, M.icb., 1:~ce John M. Church, sus- pended. · J. C. Morgan, at Kearney, Nebr. , vfce Ralph M. Grimes, resigned. 

John J. Simmler, at San Luis Obispo, Cal., vice John J. Simmler, 

commission expired. 

JrunesT. Blam, at Brunswick, Ga., tice David T. Dunn, resigned. 

T. 0. Carlisle, at Missouri Valley, Iowa, vice Samuel L. Berkley, resign£:d. . . Henry 0. Goodrich, at Jerseyville, ill., vice W. H. Edgar, commission 

expired. 

Charles I. Haskell, at Virginia, Ill., 11-ice J obn N. Wilson, commission 

expired. . . J. S. R. Scoville, at Morris, Ill., vice William A. Jordan, deceased. 

F. A. Trousdale, at M~tropolis City, ill., vice Thomas Moore, resigned. 

Charles W. Lebon, at Wamego, Kans., vice John L. Browne, resigned. . William B. Mead, at Oberlin, Kans., his office having become Presi- . dential. 

John Wright,· at Sedgwick, Kans., the office having become Presidential. · 

Edward L. Garcelon, at Winchester, M:a.sS., vice George P. Brown, 

commission expired. 

Martin L. Harlow, at South Abington, Mass., vice Albert D~vis, re- signed. Samson Levy, at NewbUIJI>ort, Mass., vice Isaa.c P. Noyes, commission expired. · George C. Lincoln, at North Brookfield, Mass., t·ice Harriet A. Poland, 

commission expired. 

CONFIRMATIONS. 

Nominations confirmed JantW.ry 11, 1886. 

CIVIL SERVICE COIDIISSIONEBS • 

Alfred P. Edgerton, of Fort Wayne, Ind., to be Ci vif Service Commissioner. · · 

William L. Trenholm, of Charleston, South Carolina, to be Ci vii Service Commissioner. 

Dorman B. Eaton, of New York, to be Civil Service Commissioner. 

COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS. 

Benjamin F. Jonas, of Louisiana, to be collector of customs for the 

district of New Orleans, in the Sta.te of Louisiana. 

ROUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

1\ioND.A.Y, JanuaJ·y 11, 1886. 

The House met atl2 o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. 

MII,BURN, D. D. 

The Clerk proceeded to read the Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, January 7. 

Mr. PAYSON. 1-Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the 

reading of so much of the Journal as refers to the introduction of bills 

be dispensed with. . - There was no objection, and it was so ordered. . The Clerk then resumed and concluded the reading of the Journal, 

which was approved. · 

CH,A.NGE OF REFERENCE. 

Mr. HENDERSON, of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, I rise to a question of 

privilege. 

The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state his question of privilege. 

Mr. HENDERSON, of Iowa. . House bill 596 was referred to the 

Committee .on Private Land Claims. I move to have it referred to the 

Committee on Public Lands. It bas been considered by that committee in two preceding Congresses and favorably reported. 

The SPEAKER. If the reference made be erroneous the Chair ba.s 

the power to correct it and will do so. Mr. HENLEY. Mr. Speaker, I desire to ask the gentleman from 

Iowa [Ur. HENDERSON] who introduced that bill? 

Mr. HENDERSON, of Iowa. It was introduced by me in this Congre...c;s. 

CO:NTESTED ELECTIONS. 

The SPEAKER laid before the House the following communica.tion 

from the Clerk of the House: CLERK'S OFFICE, 

llOUSE OF :REPRESENTATIVES, UNITED STATES, 

· JJTashington, D. C., December 7, 1885. 

Sm: I have the honor to transmit herewith a. list of papers on file in the Clerk's office of the House of Representatives in relation to contested-eleclion cases in the House of Representatives of the Forty-ninth Congress, to wit: 

F. T. Campbell vs. J. B. Weaver, from the State of Iowa. 

Frank H. Hurd 'l.·s. Jacob Romeis, from the State of Ohio.