620 CONGRESSIONAL llECOl{D- SENATE. J.ANU.ARY~ 13, 

Also, petition of George W. Cutler and others-to the same committee. 

Also, claimant's affidavit in original pension claim of Frederick .McWhorp-to the same committee. 

By Mr. PEEL: Petition of A. H. Alfrey, of Benton County, Arkans::tS, for relief-to the Committee on \Var Claims. 

Also, petition of William U. Nol, of Marion County, Illinois, for i·elief-to the same committee. 

By 1\fr. T: B. REED: Ten petitions of citizens ofl\faine, remonstrating 

against the landing or importation of mackerel caught between l\Iarch 

15 and June, and requesting the enactment of such laws as will accomplish the purpose aforesaid-to the Committee on 'Vays and Means. 

Also, three petitions of citizens of Maine, protesting against any treaty 

or legislation which would admit Canadian fish free of duty-to the same committee. · • 

By Ur. RICE (by request): Petitionof William Webster for and in 

furtheran~e of his claims against Gre::1.t Britain-to the Committee on 

:F'oreign Affairs. 

]3y .Mr. lUCHARDSON: Petitions of Joseph .Adams, of Marshall 

County; of William J. Thompson, of Lincoln County; and of Jeff. M. 

Stone, of Lincoln County, Tennessee, n.sking compensation for property 

taken and used by the United States Army during the late war-to the 

Conim i ttce on War Claims. 

By l\Ir. STORl\1: n~rs relating to the claim of James Hall and 

others-to the Committee on Claims. 

By .Mr. STRUBLE: Papers relating to the claim of James U. Baconto the Committee on War Claims. 

By 1\Ir. VIELE: Memorials and petitions of Wilson & Adams and 

others; of Sereno D. Bonfils and others; of Church E. Gates & Co. and 

others; of Henry Sheldon and over 200 others; of L. V. Conover and 

others; of Edward Haight a.nd others; ofT. B. Wakeman and others; 

of GeorgeS. Coe and others; of William Dowd and others; of .Charles 

Bathgate and others; of Charles L: Georgi and others; of General Franz 

Sigel and others; of Edgar Wright and other3; of John E. Barston and 

others; ofHon. William Cauldwelland others; ofP. H. &W. Weblin;:!; 

and others; of Smith Ely, jr., and others; of George W. Thompson and 

- others; of H. P. DeGraafandothers; of General Franz Sigel and others; 

of Charles Stoughton, and of the Chamber of Commerce of New York, 

asking for the improvement of the Harlem River, and requesting Congress to authorize the Secretary of War to contract with Charles Stoughton and his associates for the entire work of improving Harlem River, 

New York, for a sum not exceeding $1,295,000, including the furnishing the right of way free of cost to the United States-to the Committee 

on Rivers and Harbors. 

By Ur. WILSON: Petition of George S. Hill and 41 others, citizens 

of Berkeley County, West Virginia, in favor of repe::iling the Bland 

bill for the coinage of standard silver dollars-to the Committee on 

Coinage, 'V eights, and 1\Iensures. 

The following petitions, praying Congress to place the coinage of silver 

upon an equality with gold; that there be issued coin certificates of one, 

two, and five dollars, the same being made legal tender; that one and 

two dollar legal-tender notes be issued, and that the public debt be paid 

as rapidly as possible by applying for this purpose the idle surplus now 

in the Tre~ury, were presented and severally referred to the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures: . 

By Mr. HENLEY: Of citizens of Eureka, Cal. 

By Mr. LANHAM: Of citizens of Gordon, Tex. 

By Mr. MARKHili: Of citizens of Riverside, Cal. 

By 1\Ir. RIGGS: Of Elihu Parks and 6G others, citizens of Brown 

County, Illinois. 

By 1\Ir. J. B. WEAVER: Of A. T. Estis and 49 others, of Missouri; 

of John Hall and 103 others, of Nebraska; of Charles Roth and 66 

others, of Oregon; of E. Hobbs and 33 others, Minnesota; of Thomas 

Brown and 23 others, of Indiana; of John Pheyley and 54 others, of 

Illinois; of C. F'. Kiker and 29 others, of Texas; of J. W. Shahan and 

152 others, of Iowa; of Edward Simons and 111 others, ·of illinois; of 

Frank Crow and 80 others, of Nebraska; of J. F. Thompson and 81 

others, of Nebraska; ofT. K. Massie and 20 others, of West Virginia; 

of William Taylor and 55 others, of Indiana; of C. F. Fenton and 116 

others, of Illinois; of L. W. Graham and 116 others, of Iowa; and of 

A. C. Jackson and 63 others, of Illinois. 

SEl-f" .ATE. 

WEDNESDAY, January 13, 188G. 

Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. E. D. HUNTLEY, D. D_. 

Mr. HAWLEY took the chair as presiding officer under the previous 

designation of the President pro tempore, sanctioned by the Senate. 

The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and_ approved. 

IIOUSE BILLS REFERRED. 

The following bills received yesterday from the Honse of Representatives were severally 1·ead twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary: · 

A bill (H. R. 2) to amend section 643 of the Revised Statutes of the 

United States; and 

A bill (H. R. .1684) to authorize termS of the circuit court of the 

United State for the eastern judicial district of North Carolino. at the 

city of Wilmington, in said district. 

The joinb resolution (H. Res. 76) fixing the time when the JXI>Y of 

certain clerks to committees of the House of Representatives shall begin was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Appropriations. 

EXECUTIVE COMMGNIC.ATIO~. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. }I.A WLEY in· the chair} laid before 

tbe Senate a communication from the Secretary of the Interior, trans· 

mitting, in response to a resolution of December 17, 1885, a s~atement 

in regard to the length of time it will" require to furnish the information called for by that resolution as to settlers on lands granted to railroads in the State of Kansas; which was referred to the Committee on 

the Public Lands, and ordered to be printe~. 

PETITIONS AXD ME:IIORIALS. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER presented a petition of . the colored 

Korth Americans, praying for such legislation as will provide for the· 

education and ele\ation of the colored people; which was referred to 

the Committee on Education and Labor. · 

1\Ir. FRYE presented the petition of Abby L. Durbank, widow of 

Charles li. Burbank, late medical inspector United States Navy, praying for an increase of pension; which was referred to the Committee on • 

Pensions. 

1\Tr. IIA 1PTON presented the petition of Be,·erley Kennon, of Ba.l- · 

timorc, 1\Id., praying the adoption of his plan for the construction of a counterpoise battery for the protection of cannon i_n coast defense and 

on board iron-plated vessels for l'i\er and harbor defense; which was 

re1erred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

REPORTS OF CO:\IlliTTEES. 

1Ur. IIOAR, from the Committee on Claims, to whom were referred 

the following bills, reported them ·severally without amendment, and 

submitted reports thereon: 

A bill (S. 241) for the relief of Joseph W. Parish; and 

A bill (S. 311) for the relief of James Trabue, Thornton Thatcher, 

1'11il:hael Callahan, and the widow of John Waters. 

1\Ir. HOAl{, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was referred 

the bill (S. 113) for the relief of Samuel Browning, of Missouri, submitted an adverse report thereon, and moved its indefinite postponement; which wn.s agreed to. 

He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the bill (S. 

G2!j) authorizing the Secretary of the Tre.1.sury to compensate clerks · 

and employes for extra work performed in the exchange of bonds in 

the Department, asked to be discha.rged from its further consideration, 

and that it be referred to the Committee on Appropriations; which was 

agreed to. . Mr. SEWELL, f.rom the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom 

were referred the following bills, reported them severally without 

amendment, a.nd submitted reports thereon: 

A bill (S. 225) to authorize Col. George W. Getty, United States 

Army, retired, to be placed upon the ,retired-list of the Army with the 

rank and pay of a brigadier-general; and 

A bill (S. 493) for the relief of George T. Dudley. 

l\Ir. PIKE, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was referred 

the bill (S. 209) for the relief of the legal representatives of John M. 

Robeson~ deceased, reported it without amendment, and submitted a report thereon. 

He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the bill (S. 

18) for the relief of Pearson C: Montgomery, of Memphis, Tenn., reported it with amendment, and submitted a report thereon. 

Mr. PAYNE, from the Committee on Foreign Relations, to whom 

was referred the letter of the Secretary of State of December 17, 1885, 

recommending the passage of an act to permit Joseph ~wic~, United 

States consul at Warsaw, Russia, to accept decorations from Russia, 

submitted a report theTeon, accompanied by a bill (S. 1053) to permit 

Joseph Ra.~cz, United States consul at Warsaw, Russia, to accept certain decorations tendered him by the Russian Government; which was 

read twice by its title. 

Mr. ·JACKSON, from the Committee on Claims, to whom n-ere re- fened the following bills, reported th~m severally without amendment, 

and submitted reports thereon: 

A bill (S. 32) 1or the relief of 1\frs. Lizzie D. Clarke, of New Orleans; and . . A bill (S. 289) for the relief. of J. A. Henry aml others. 

Mr. DOLPH, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was referred 

the bill (S. 71) for the benefit of the States of Texas, Colorado, Oregon, 

Nebraska, California, Kansas, and Nevada, and the Territories of Washington, Idaho, andNevadawheno.Territory, reporteditwithont amendment. · · - · He also, from the same 'committee, to whom was referred the bill (S. 

24) for the relief of Samuel B. Seat, administrator of Christian Krupp, 

deceased, reported it without amendment, and submitted a report 

thereon. . · · . Mr. GRAY, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was referred 

the bill (S. 100) for the relief of William H. Crook, reported it with an 

amendment, and submitted a. report thereon. 
1886. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 621 

·Mr. ~:I ANDERSON. I am instructed by the Committee on Printing 

to report back a Jetter from the Secretary of War, transmitting estimates 

for the construction of a wharf at Fort Monroe. These documents were 

referred to the Committee on Printing to ad vise the Senate as to whether 

the accompanying maps should be printed. I am instructed by the 

committee to report adversely to the printing of such maps. They have 

been ordered to be printed by the House of Representatives. 

The report was agreed to. 

BILLS OF FORTY-EIGHTH COKGRESS. 

Mr. MANDERSON. I am instructed by the Committee on Printing 

to report back favorably the following resolution, and I ask for its present consideration by the Senate: 

Resolved, That the Public Printer be, and he hereby is, authorized and directed to bind duplicate sets of bills andre olutions of the Forty-eighth Congress, said bill!' and resolutions to be furnished him from the files of the Senate document- room, and the Yolumes, when bound, to be kept there for reference. 

The re.solution was considered by unanimous consent; and agreed to. 

BILLS INTRODUCED. 

Mr. PLUMB introduced a bill (S. 1054) for the relief of Maurice 

Gandy; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Patents. 

Mr. DAWES introduced a bill (S. 1055) to amend section 2148 of the 

Revised Statutes of the United St.'l.tes in relation to trespn.ssers on Indian lands; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1056) to accept aud mtify an agreement 

made by the Pah-Ute Indians, and granting a right of way to the Carson 

and Colorado Railroad Company through the Walker River reservation, 

in Nevada; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1057) granting a right of way to the 

Jamestown and Northern Railroad Com-pany through the Devil's Lake 

Indian reservation, in the Territory of Dakot.1.; which was read twice by 

its title, an(l referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. 

Mr. SAWYER (by request) introduced a bill (S. 1058) for the relief 

of Stewart & Co.; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the 

Committee on Claims. 

Nlr. BLAIR introduced a bill (S. 1059) granting a pension toCharles 

F. HUdreth; "\\'hich was read twice by its title, andreterred to the Commi tteo on Pensions. · Mr. ALLISONintroduceda bill (S.l060) forthereliefofC. M. Wittig; 

which was read twice by its title, and 1·eferred to the Committee on Pensions. :Mr. INGALLS introduced a bill (S. 1061) for the relief of Augustus 

Witte; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying 

papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1062) for the relief of Robert D. Gardner; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying 

papers, referred to the Committee on Milit..'lry Affairs. 

Mr. COLQUITT introduced a hill (S. 1063) making an appropriation 

to continue the improvement of the navigation of the Chattahoochee · 

River below Columbus, Ga.; which was read twice by its title, and 

referred to the Committee on Commerce. · 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1064) for the relief of Ja.mes G. Walter; 

which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on 

Claims. 

Mr. ALDRICH introduced a bill (S. 1065) granting a pension to 

Emeline J. Babson; which was read twice by its title, and referred to 

the Committee on Pensions. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1066) granting a pension to Mrs. Sarah 

Adams; which was •read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

Mr. CULLOM introduced a bill (S. 1067) to authorize the appointment of John W. Chickering to the rank of first lieutenant; which was 

read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to 

the Committee on Military Affairs. 

Mr. HARRISON introduced a bill (S. 1068) for the relief of Fxancis 

M. Leeds; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

Mr. GORUAN introduced a bill (S. 10G9) for the relief of George E. 

W. Sbarretts; which was read qvice by its title, and, with the accom- panying papers, referred to the Committee on Claims. 

Mr. HALE introduced a bill (S. 1070) granting the Fort Sullivan 

military reservation to the town of Eastport, Me., for a public park; 

which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on 

M~litary Affairs. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1071) for the relief of Frances W. Dyer; 

which was read twice by it..s title, and referred to the Committee on Fi- nance. 

Mr. WILSON, of Iowa, introduced a bill (S.1072) to prevent the publication of lottery advertisements, and for other purposes; which was 

read twice by its title, and referred to the C<unmittee on the Judiciary. 

!b·. BOWEN introduced a bill (S. 1073) to establish a public park at 

Pagosa Springs, in the State of Colorado; which was read twice by its 

title, and referred to the Committee on Public Lands. 

Mr. GIBSON introduced a bill (S. 1074) for the relief of Caroline L. 

Maury; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. 

Mr. MORGAN introduced a bill (S. 1075) to provide for marking with 

a monument the grave of General Daniel Morgan, in the cemetery at 

Win-chester, Va.; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the 

Committee n Military Affairs. 

1\Ir. MANDERSON introduced a joint resolution (S. R. 2&) for printing the astronomical and meteorological observations .of the Naval Observatory; which was read twice by its title; and refetred .to the Committee on Printing. 

P.APEBS WITHDRAWN A ~D REFERRED. 

On motion of Ur. SAWYER, it was 

Ordel'ed, That all papers in the claims of A. P. C. Stewartand ChMlesA. Weed and of Stewart & Co. be taken from the files and referred to the Co.-unittee on Claims. 

On motion ofMr. GIBSON, it was 

Ordered, That the petition and papers of Ernestine H. Stevens be taken from the files and J:efcrred t-o the Committee on Claims. . 

SILVER COINAGE. 

Mr. INGALLS submitted the following resolution; which was ordered to lie on the table and be printed: 

Resolved, That, in the opinion of the Senate, the compulsory coinage of silver dollars, directed by thela.w of February 28, 1878, should not be suspended till the aggregate reacltes the sum of $300,000,000. 

FAST MAIL SERVICE WEST OF CHICAGO. 

Mr. ~1ANDERSON submitted the following resolution; which was 

considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to: 

Resolved, That the Postmaster-General be directed to furnish to the Senate the following information, namely: First. Over what railroads the so-called "fast mail" from Chicago, destined for points in Colorado, Utah, and Idaho, is transported, and what advantage is gained by the Government in transporting over roads other than the Union Pa· ~~ . . Second. The cost of such transportation, and, if the same is being paid for out of the Treasury, what reason exists for paying therefor out of the Treasury to other companies, instead of having the said service performed by the Union Pa- cific Company and crediting the compensation therefor to the said company on it-s indebtedness to the Government. · Third. Whether anything is gained or lost, in point of time, by sending over other roads rat-her than the said Union Pacific road. Fourth. Copies of all existing contracts in relation to said transportation. 

REMOVAL OF INDIANS TO -INDIAN TERRITORY. 

Mr. BOWEN submitted the following resolution; which was ordered 

to lie on th~ table and be printed: 

.Re.solved, That the Committee on Indian Affairs be instructed to inquire into the expediency of removing all the Indians in the United States to the Indian Territory west of the State of Arkansas, and to report by bill or otherwise. 

COIN DUTIES ON IMPORTED GOODS. 

l\fr. EUSTIS. I desire to give notice that on :Monday next, at 2 

o'clock, I shall ask the consent of the Senate to call up the resolution 

submitted· by the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. BECK] on the 18th of 

December last, in order that I may submit a few remarks upon it .. 

EULOGIES ON VICE-PRESIDE.NT HENDRICKS. 

Mr. VOORHEES. With the permission of the Senate, b~fore the regular order is taken up, I desire to make a brief statement. 

Several days ago, as the Senate is aware, I gave notice that on Wednesday, the 20th instant, a week from to-day, I would call up the resolutions expressive of the sense of the Senate .at the loss of the late VicePresident. Owing to engagements on the part of certain Senators who 

desire to be present and who have kindly consented to participate in 

the prqceedings, and in deference likewise to the wishes of my colleagues in the other House of Congress, I give notice that I shall call 

up thoseresolutionson Tuesday, the 26thinstant, whichis aweek from 

next Tuesday, instead of at the time heretofore indicated. 

EMERSON ETHl!:RIDGE AND . WILLIAM B. STOKES. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there be no further" conciDTent or 

other resolutions.'' the Senate proceeds to the consideration of the Calendar under Rnle VIII. The bill first in order will be stated. 

The bill (S. 506) for the relief of Emerson Etheridge and William B. 

Stokes was announced as first in order; and the Senate, as in Committee 

of the Whole, resumed its consideration. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. When the bill was last under considern.tion tbeSenator from Oregon [Mr. DOLPH] gavenoticeofanamendment which he intended to propose. Does the .Senator f:rom Oregon 

desire to have the amendment read now? 

::1.\Ir. DOLPH. If I am entitled to address.the Senate a second time 

upon the bill before offering the amendment I would prefer to submit 

my amendment at the closeofsome remarks; or if the Senatewillpermit me by general consent to be heard again-and I should like also a 

little more than the accustomed time, probably not to exceed ten or 

fifteen minutes-when I have said what I desire on the bill I shall be 

satisfied to let it take its course. 

Mr. HOAR. I asknnanimous consent that the Senator from Oregon 

shall have leave to address the Senate at such length as he shall find it 

conveni_ent. 
622 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 13, 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senate has heard the request. Is 

there objection? The Chair hears none, and leave is granted. 

Mr. DOLPH. Mr. President, if it were not that I am fortified in 

my opinion in regard to the merits of this measure by the judgment 

of the chairman of the Committee on Finance, whose long experience 

in suCh cases renders him a competent judge, I might be shaken ii,l my 

convictions in regard to it; but as it is, notwithstanding the apparent 

desire of the Senate to pass the bill, I have not changed my judgment 

in the least in regard to the wisdom of the measnre. 

If the only thing involved here was a question ~s to whether the 

United States should lose the amount which has been found due upon 

the statement of the*account of this public officer I should not occupy 

the time of the Senate a moment longer; and as it is, when I have had 

an opportunity to notice briefly some of the arguments which have been 

made by: the friends of the bill in favor of its passage, I shall be satisfied tole\ it take its course. 

As I have aheady upon a former occasion said in substance, my opposition to it is mainly for the purpose of calling the attention of the 

Senate to the necessity of a statute limiting actions and snits by the 

United States against the principals and sureties upon official bonds, 

or some other legislation which shall provide for a prompt settlement 

of public accounts and for the prompt institution of suits 3.oiJ'3.inst the 

sureties on official bonds, and the necessity for some general legislation 

which shall relieve the present pressure upon_ Congress by bills for 

pri rnte relief. We could pass a bill of ten lines in length which would 

strike at the wrong which is evident in this case and cut up this evil, 

root and branch, as easily as we can pass this single bill for the relief of 

this one claimant. Instead of that we are satisfied to driJt along from 

session to session, lopping off here and there a branch. 

What is the inference? It is that in the j ndgment of Congress there 

ougb t to be no statute of limitations as to actions and suits by the Go'jernment. I understand it to be tacitly admitted here that there never 

has been in a hundred years-in fact never since the Government was 

organized-a statute of limitations as against suits upon official bonds 

except in the single case of postma ters' bonds. 

I am aware that there is a statute limiting suits upon mru:shal ' 

bonds, but my present recollection is that the statute applies only to 

suits by individuals for some failure of the m:m>hal to perform his 

official duty. 

I am rather pleased to have stirred up such a storm of indignation 

against the Government as I did by my remarks on Friday last upon 

this bill. I suppose that some persons who listened to the discussion 

on that occasion ntight have supposed that Senators when speaking of 

the Government meant some Auditor in the Treasury Department or 

some overworked official who by the parsimony of Congress is allowed 

only about half clerks enough to conduct the current business of his 

bureau; but when we remember that Congress is the law-making 

power and is responsible for the laws which we have and for the absence of those which we have not but which we ought to have, it would 

appear that the denunciation ought to have been against Congress as 

that branch of the Government which is responsible tor the evil which 

exits, if there is any. 

I think too that a wrong impression was received as to the character 

of the balance which has been stated ~aainst this public o:fficer. At 

least one Senator spoke of the matter as if there had been a charge of 

defalcation against this public officer, something that imputed moral 

turpitude. I suppose that in ninety-nine cases out of every hundred 

where there are balances stated against a public officer in the settlement of his accounts it is caused by disallowances of amounts which 

he bas paid out which were unauthorized bylaw, or amounts which he 

claims for services which he is entitled to. 

Let us examine a 1ittle more closely what the baL·mce consi ts of in 

this case. We are told by the First Comptroller of the Treasury Department that it is mainly for printing and for clerk-hire. What is 

the residue for? "We are not enlightened. It may be for money that 

was in the hands of this public officer but never was expended and 

never aecounted for; and then howmuchofitwas for clerk-hire? Did 

this public officer draw his salary regularly as secretary of the Territory and hire a clerk to perform the duties of his office and afterward 

charge the amount paid to his clerk to the Government, or did his representati>es after his death do this and thus cause this balance? 

At all events, we are told that the disallowances were expenditures 

that were unauthorized. That is to say, there was no act of Congress 

that authorized them. The proper Departmenthadnotauthorized them, 

and I undertake to say that in most cases that is the cause of the balances which are found due against public officers. They make expenditures which are unauthorized by law, the Department disallows the 

expenditures, and'the Government resorts to the courts to collect the 

amount which has been so improperly expended. 

Now let us see what tbe result would be if in every case we were to 

take up the accounts of th e officers and relieve them of the balances 

due from them under similar circumstances. We might just as well 

under such circumstances let every officer who was charged with the 

expenditure of public money be a law unto himself and have no law 

regulating the disbnrsement of public funds, and simply content ourselves with making approp1·iations to supply deficiencies. 

If in .any event such balances ought to be remitted there is not a 

proper showing in this case to justify it. Committees of this body have 

reported over and over again, and by no Senator oftener than the Senator from Massachusetts who took part in this debate, that the Government would not hold itself liable for tbe mistakes, the negligence, or 

the misconduct of its public o:fficeTS. Rut in this case it is proposed, 

because it is claimed an officer of the Government has been negligent, 

and the Government has been guilty of laches, that the bondsmen shall 

be exonerated from every obligation to the Government. 

It is always held also that laches will not be imputed to the Government. Statutes of limitation are not applied to the Government unless it is provided in the st.<ttute that it shall be done. As Ihavesaid, 

we hold that the Government is not responsible for the negligence of 

its public officers, and more than that, the Government reserves the right 

to say in what courts and in what manner and for what causes it shall 

be sued. 

Notwithstanding this, the honorable Senator from !t1assachnsetts who 

took part in this debate on Friday last grew quit.e eloquent when he 

came to consider the hardship upon one of the sureties and the wrong 

which the Government was perpetrating by seeking to enforce the penalty of his bond. I profess to desire quite as high a st.."l..ldard of public 

morality as any member of this body, and if the Government ha been 

base, if the Government has been dishonest, if the Government has 

been infamous in this transaction it has been base and dishonest and 

infamous in nine out of every ten cases of suits which have ever been 

brought against sureties upon official bonds. 

Why, sir, 'vhat is this case? Did the officers of the Treasury violate 

any law when they caused the suit to be institnted? No, sir; they were 

enforcing the law, and they would have been censumble had they not 

caused this snit to be instituted. Did the Attorney-General or the district attorney violate any law when they instituted the suit, or was the 

eourt violating any law in entertaining jurisdiction of it? No, sir; they 

could not do otherwise. . 

What laws, pray~ are they executing? The laws of Congress, for 

which you and I and every member oJ this body are more or less responsible, and for which the honorable Senator from .Massachusetts, !think, is 

more responsible than myself because he has been longer a.- member of 

this body and is a member of the Committee on the Judiciary. 

I recollect a C..'l .. 'le in which I made a minority report from the Committee on Claims, in which, I think, if the Government is base o:r dishonest or infamous in tbis transaction there is no language which could 

describetheconductoftbeGovemmentin that. It was a case in which 

a man by the na.me of Graham, in 1855, who was the owner of three 

steamships, bad been reduced to poverty by the arbitrary action of the 

Government. He had contracted to sell his steamships and deliver 

them at Havana, Cuba. He was engaged in trade between New York 

and Cuba. He took his ships to New York to fit them up to be turned 

.over to the purchaser. He had fitted up one of them, and the other 

two were being :fitt-ed up. Some parties chartered the steamer ready 

for service for a voyage to San Juan de Nicaragua. 

The chartererswereFletcherWeb ter, a son of Daniel Webster, a man 

by the name of Kinney, and a man by the name of Fabens. Fabens 

and Kinney were indicted for setting on foot an illegal expedition, 

but were never prosecuted. Webster was not indicted. No suit was 

brought against Grnham or his ships. The proposed expedition for 

which the one steamship was .chartered was supposed to be illegal. 

Graham, after Kinney and Fabens were indicted, applied to the Secretary of State, Mr. Marcy, to know if there was any objection to the voyage, and, receiving no satisfuctory answer, he canceled the charter-party, 

and offered to do everything that was reasonable which would be demanded by the Government. He proposed to give bonds that the ships 

would not be engaged in any unlawful enterprise, but the Government 

detained all his steamships from some time in April until .August. 

They were equipped with crews .and supplies ready for service, and the 

deteRtion occasioned a great loss. The demurrage amounted to a large 

sum. Graham lost the sale of his steamships, and, although worth several hundred thousand dollars, he was by the ads of the Government 

reduced to poverty. 

I thought that the Government had acted arbitrarily. It seeme<L that, the United States had been engaged in diplomatic negotiations with 

Great Britian and had seized the steamships to please Great Britain 

ra.ther than upon sufficient evidence of an intention to violate the 

law, and that it was a case in which the claimant ought at least to be 

allowed for demurrage, or have an opportunity to piesen.t his claim to 

the Court of Claims; but the committee said, ''Not at all; we must not 

allowour sympathies to run away,vithus in such a case," and that "it 

would violate a general and well-established principle to hold the Government liable in such a case to its citizens.'' I am willing that that 

case shall stand side by side with this. 

Then, sir, tbis is not a case of such supposed hardship as has been 

suggested. Men who sign bonds as sureties are held liable as long as the statutes of limitation h::tve not run against the principal, and there 

is no obligation on the p~rt of anybody to notify them th~ there has 

been a default of the principal. The statute is generally ten years in 

the case of an instrument under seal. .A man who ffigns a promissory 

note as maker in form, although he may do it a.s surety, is held to be 
1886. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. 623 

liable as a principal, and the party for whose benefit he signs may ex- States, it shall be made to appear to the satisfaction of the judge of such court 

te a th lifi c th te b rtial t d 1.. ty b h ld lia- that any expenditures have been made by such public o.flieer or agent as such, n e e 0-1 e no Y pa paymen an tue sure e e and during the term of his office or employment, for printing or clerk-hire, or ble for an indefinite time. When a man indorses a non-negotiable note as payment for services rendered at the :instance of such offi{)el" or agent, and in or a. negotiable note before delivery the same rule applies to him. He hi~ judgment for the benefit of the United States, or for supplies furnished the 

is held as a maker. United States n.t the instanc&of such officer, although there shall have been no appropriation for such purpose, and sneh expenditures were unauthorized by The parties to this bond who are asking relief here executed it know- law and prohibited by general or pecial in truetions of the Department or ing the law. The law entered into and becameapartoftheir contract. bureau of the Government to which such officer or agent belonged, and mav 

It th · d ty to that th · · · 1 ttl d 1..!~ ~~ b have been disallowed by the proper accounting ofticers of the Treasury, it shall was err u see err pnnCipa se ·.1e .l.llljaccounl.'), · ecause be the duty of the court, upon the trial of such action, to cause to be credited to 

there was no law requiring them to be notified of the default of their the sureties upon such bond the amount of uch expenditnres as of the date 

pl'incipal, or even permitting the officers of the Government to give when the same were made. And when, in any such action which has or haU 

h ti. d th ~fttute f 1· "ta.ti to th •t have been broughtafter a lap e of five years from the expiration of the official 

t em no ce, an ere was no S~J<Jo 0 1IDl ODS as e Sill on term of such officer or of the employment of such agent, it shrul be made to ap- the bond. pear to the sati faction of the court that the principal or any surety upon such Somt~ suggestion has been made as to the necessity of a general law bond has become insolvent since theexpirationofsnch periodofii:reyears,such 

to h · all · ha · la" · h G t to b · fact shall be taken and deemed to be a. sufficient defense t-o such action, and it aut onze parties vmg C rms 3.o0'3.lDSt t e overnmen nng shall be the duty of the court to render judgment in favor of the sureties who 

suit. A law consisting of a. single section authorizing all persons hav- are the defendants in such action and against the United States for t~e costs of 

ing claims against the United States to bring suit in the Court of Claims such action. 

would be sufficient, and a law authorizing all persons having claims to Mr. ALLISON. Is this bill proceeding under the five-minute rule? 

sue in the district or circuit courts of the United States in the States The PRESIDING OFFICER. · It ii, with an exception by general 

or the district courts in the Territories would not be a. complicated or consent on behalf of the Senator from Oregon. 

difficult matter; but lam not sure that lam infavorofsuch a bw. I Mr. ALLI ON. Is the amendment to be insisted on? 

doubt the policy of retening to the courts to determine in what cases· Mr. DOLPH. I shall take no time about it. It was offered as part 

the Govern U1ent shall be liable. Are we willing to allow the courts to of my argument rather than for any other pnrpo e. 

say that the Government shall be liable in all cases, the same as a pri- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senat-or from Oregon desim 

vate corporation, for the misfeasance or negligence of it<; agents or for a vote on the amendment? · · 

unauthorized contracts? .Arewewillingtosay, for instance, thatin the Mr. DOLPH. It may be voted on without consuming tiro-e. 

Post-Office Department, which is '3urried . .m for the benefit of all the 1\fr. JACKSON. 1\fr. President, as the member of the Committee 

citizens of the United States and all tne people residing within our ter- on Claims making this report I desire to call the attention of the Senate 

ritoriallimits, great and small, shall be held liable as a. common car- briefly to the facts of the case and the grounds on which the relief is 

rier in all the vast complicated transactions of that Department? Are proposed; but before doing so I venture to express the hope that the 

we willing to have it held by the courts that in our navy-yards and in amendment offered by the Senator from Oregon will n{)t be adopted. 

our armories ~d in our works for the improvement of rivers and har- It will load down the bill, and is lilrely to defeat it. It is intended 

bors an!i in all other public works, as the erection of public buildings, for that purpose, no doubt. 

&c., the Government shall be liable to employes for thenegligenceofthe Now, sir, what are the facts in this ease? .Etheridge :md Stokes besuperintendents and agents of the Government who are conducting the came sureties in 1866 of Carter as secretary of the Territory of Arizona. 

works? Are we willing to have it held by the courts that in the opem- The bond required him to submit his accounts annually during his term 

tions of the Army and the Navy the Government shall be liable for in- of office. He complied with the stipulation and submitted his accounts 

jury to persons and property or to subordinate officers and enlisted men annually to the Government. He died in 1869. His .accounts were 

for the negligence or blundering orders of superior officers? audited, and there appeared a. balance against him of 9, 469.09. That 

I might continue these suggestions, but it is not necessary to do so balance is made up entirely, as the Comptroller reports to us and as I 

for my purpose. I think the first thing to be done is to determine in have ex.amined, of di.saJ.lowances for printing and for clerk-hire~ disalwhat ca es the Government shall be held liable for the default or negli- lowances for expenses that he was authorized to incnr. 

gence of its officers and agents, and then to authorize suit to be brought Mr. DOLPH. Probably the Senator can tell what law .au.th-orized 

against the Government in such cases. And, sir, if it is impracticable him to incur them. 

to define by general law in what cases the Government shall be liable, Mr. JACKSON. I shall come to that in a moment. The law makI am sure it is impracticable to continue the present p.racli.ce of enter- ing appropriations for the expenses of the Territory fixed the amount, 

taining every application for relief and undertaking to give it consid- andalsoprovidedacontingentfundformiseellaneou.sexpenses. Within 

eration. It resultq, as I stated in substance last Friday, in relieving that law, within the amount that is appropriated, funds are :sent to the 

one case in a hundred, while ninety-nine as meritorious cases will not secretary of the Territory, and he makes the expenditures. 

be considered at all. Mr. DOLPH. ]3ut the proper officer, the Secretary of the In teri.or or 

Even if we had such laws as I have suggested defining in what cases the Secretary of the Treasury-the Secretary of the Interior, I think~ 

the Government should be liable and in what cases it might be sued divides those funds. He states how they shall be expended and how 

and authorizing suit to be brought, it would not greatly relieve Con- much for each item. 

gress unless we were satisfied to remit everybody to the general laws Mr. JACKSON. He doesnotdesignate howmuchshallbeexpe-aded 

for his remedy and refused to entertain and hear and undertake to pa-ss for printing, nor how much shall be expended for clerk-hire. He places 

upon every case which was supposed not to fall within the general laws in the hands of the secretary of the Territory a. certain amount to meet 

or which bad been barred by the statute of limitations. With sixty these expenses. They are expended by the secretary of the Territory. 

million inhabitants, with our population constantly increasing, with What occurred in this case? He was supplied with funds, and he exthe vast and complicated machinery of our Government, with u vast pended tho e funds wholly in the service of the Government and for 

army of officeholders, with the new and increasing demands for general the use of the Government in meeting these Territorial-expenses. When 

legislation, however meritorious it might be, it is utterly im-practicable his accounts are audited, the Comptroller says he has spent too much for 

and impossible for Congress to undertake to ~ear and consider and pass thi& item and too much for that item, and they are cut down, not accordupon petitions for relief from every citizen of the Republic. ing to the standard of the Territory where the expenses are incurred, 

I have prepared an amendment which I do not suppose will meet but cut down on the judgment of the Auditor or Comptroller here that 

with favor. I offer it for the purpose of calling attention to what we they are too much measured bythe Washington standard. In that way 

are proposing to do in this case. The amendment, which is proposed an apparent deficiency is made against the secretary of the Territory, 

to affect all cases, does not go as fur as the Senate proposes to go in this nnd the di'5allowances in all during his period of office amount to this 

case, because it only proposes to release sureties when one of the sure- . $9,469.09. These disallowances were made-between 1869 and 1871. 

ties has become :i:nsolvent after a period of five years from the time when The principal was then good for the balance if it had been enforced 

the term of pffice of the public officer or the employment of the agent against him. He had property amply su:fficient to meet the balance; 

ceased. .After I have offered it and it has been read, inasmuch as I but no attempt at enforcement was made against him; no notice was 

have now said what I intended to say on the subject,· let the bill take even given to him and no notice was given to the sureties. The prinits course; go on, make the precedent that notwithstanding an expend- cipal's est:l.te was used and consumed by his family; one of the sureties 

iture may have been unauthorized, though there ma..y have been no has become insolvent; and fifteen years and six months afterward the 

appropriation for it, though it may have been contrary to the express Government attempt<; to enforce that balance :1.oaain.st the remaining 

instruction of the head of the Department to which the officer be- olvent surety. 

longed, where an officer suppo edit to be for ~he benefit of the Govern- The report proceeds upon two gr01.mds: first, that the money was 

ment he shall rC?eive credit for the amount of the expenditure-lay bona fi<le expended in the service of the Government; and, secondly, that 

down the proposition; make theprecedentthatwhenevertherehas been the longdela.yin disclo.s:ingthisapparentbalance now appearing against 

laches on the part of the Government officers in commencing suit on the principal has worked a hard hip on the sureties, inasmuch as the 

the bond of a public officer and the principal or any surety on a bond condition of the parties has changed materially during that period, the 

has become insolvent, these .facts. shall be a. sufficient defense, if not in principal's estate having become exhausted, one surety having become 

the courts, before Congress. I will pass up the amendment which I insolvent, and if it is now enforced against the r€maining solvent surety 

have h€retofore submitted to be printed and mo-ve its adoption. it would be a great hardship. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be read. I understand the Senator from Oregon to eoncede that this ought to be 

The CHIEF CLERK. It is propo ed to add to the bill: provided for by a general hw. Mr. President, we have pending a. bill 

And whenever hereafter, in any action brought in any court of the United on this subject now; but how can e\er a. general law reach a past transStates upon any official bond given by any public officer or agent of the United action of this character? It cannot be made retrospective, and we ha-ve 
624 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY . 13, 

to deal with these cases specially and by special act until such a law is 

passed. We have a law now relating to the Post-Office Department, 

section 3838 of the Revised Statutes, which provides as follows: 

SEc.~- · If on the settlem~nt of th~ account. of ,g.ny postmaster it shall appear that he 1s mdebted to the Umted States, and smt therefor shall not be instituted within three years after the close of such account, the sureties on his bond shall not be liable for such indebtedness. 

I concede that there ought to be a provision of that sort extending to 

all the Departments of the Government and applying to all sureties on .official bonds; let the time be three years, fise years, or ten years; but 

the passage of such a law now would not relieve the hardships of this 

case, which is conceded by the Senator from Oregon. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator's time bas expired. · Mr. JACKSON. I ask two minutes more. 

The P~ESIDING OFFICER. If there be no objection the Senator 

will proceed. 

Mr. JACKSON. It is said thisisabadprecedent. The Senate without objection at the last session passed a bill for the relief of Eugene 

B. Rail and other sureties of David L. Gregg, receiver· of public moneys · at Carson City, Nev. Gregg was appointed in March, 1865, and died in 

1868. On the settlement of his account in December, 1868, there appeared a deficiency of $10,141.89. No notice of a defalcation was given 

to his sureties until suit was commenced against them in 1881, twelve 

years after the defalcation was known to the Government. At the commencement of the suit all the sureties were dead except two; one of 

these was bankrupt, and the other, Eugene B. Rail, was solvent. The 

committee recommended that he should be released. The Senate approved of this recommendation by pm:sing the bill, a cnse not as meritorious as the present by any means. 

. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amendment 

proposed by the Senator from Oregon [:Mr. DOLPH]. 

The amendment was rejected. 

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to 

be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. 

INTERNATIONAL COPYRIG.HT. 

Mr. PLATT. I ask unanimous consent at this time to submit a res- olution for adoption. · 

The Chief Clerk read the resolution, as follows: 

.Resolved, That the Committee on Patents is hereby authorized to take testi- mony relating to the subject-matter of Senate bill 191, "to establish an interna- tional copyright," and to print 250 copies thereof for the use of the committee and the Senate. 

The resolution was considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to. 

CORA A. SLOCOMB. 

The bill (S. 178) for the relief of Tobias G. Richardson antl Albert 

Baldwin, testamentary execut{)rs of the succession of Cora A. Slocomb, 

Ida A. Richardson, and Caroline A. Urquhart as co:r,.sidered as in 

Committee of the Whole. 

. The bill was reported from the Committee on Claims with amendments, in line 6, after the word ''to '' where it ocgurs the second time, 

to strike out "TobiasG. Richardson andAlbertBaldwin, testamentary 

executors of the succession of,'' and insert ''Ida A. Richardson, Caroline A. Urqnllart, and Cora A. Slocomb, as the heirs at law of;" and in 

line 9, after the name of "Cora A. Slocomb," to insert "deceased;" so ru:~ to make the bill read: 

Be il enacted, &o., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, au- thorized and directed, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appro- priated, to paytothefollowing-namedpersonsthesumsspecified, to wit: To Ida. A. Richardson, Caroline A. Urquhart, and Cora A. Slocomb, as the heirs at law of Cora A. Slocomb, deceased, the sum of $12,714.40; to Ida. A. Richardson the sum of$20,479; a.nd to Caroline Augusta Urquhart the sum of $5,467.~5. 

The amendments were agreed to. 

Mr. INGALLS. Is there a report in the case? 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is. 

Mr. INGALLS. I should like to hear it read. 

The Secretary read the following report, submitted by Mr. JONES, o'f 

Arkansas, January 6, 1886: 

- The Committee on Claims, to whom was referred the bill (S. 178) for the relief of Tobias G. Richardson and Albert Baldwin, testamentary executors of the suc- cession of Cora A. Slocomb, Ida. A. Richardson, and Caroline A. Urquhart, beg leave to report as follows: 

Upon a full investigation this committee find that a. favorable report upon this case, made to the Senate during the last Congress by Mr. MANDERSON, very fully and fairly sets out all the material facts therein, and they append said report in full to this. This committee comes to the same conclusion that has been reached in all the reports in Congress upon this case, and respectfully recommend that the bill pass with the following amendment: . " In lines 6,.7, and 8 of said bill strike out the words 'Tobias G. Richardson and Albert Baldwin, testamentary executors of the· succession of,' and insert the words 'Ida .A. Richardson, Caroline A. Urquhart, and Cora A. Slocomb, as the l1eirs at law of;' and that after the word' Slocomb,' in line 8, the word' deceased' l.Je inserted,, 

- [Senate Report No. 84.6, Forty-eighth Congress, first session.] 

Mr. MANDERSoN, from the Committee on Claims, subntitted the following re- l>ort, to accompany billS. 630: The Committee on Claims, to whom was referred the bill (S. 630) for the relief of Cora. A. Slocumb, Ida A. Richa.rdson, and Caroline Augusta U1·quhart·, beg le-ave to submit the following report: The Committee on War Claims of the House of Representatives, at the present 

session of Congress, made favorable report. (No. 918) upon this claim. Their re- port contains C?Pies of similar favorable reports made by the same committee at the Forty-tbnd, Forty-fourth, and Forty-Jifth Congresses. · Wh.i:le containing much repetition of matter, these reports differ somewhat from each other and as your committee come to the same conclusion, viz, that the reliefpraye'd for should be granted in part, a copy of the report of the Committee on War Claims of the House of Representatives of the present Congress is hereto attached. These FOmen claimants were rebel sy~:npathizers, and until the captw·e of New Orleans by General Butler did everything in their power to advance the cause of the rebellion. Notwillistanding this fact, which was notorious and fully 

recognized by General Butler, commanding the United States forces, he saw fit, for reasons satisfactory to him, at least~ to give them verbal and written a"Ssur- anees that during their absence within the lines of the rebel army their extensive and valuable property in the city of New Orleans "should not be interfered with 

by any exercise of military right," and should remain safely kept for them under the laws of the United States. The successor of General Butler, General BA.nks, disregarded these assurances of ~afety, a~d t?ok poss~ssion and held during the war all of the property of clatmant.s1 _It bemg ~sed m part for army purposes and part of it being held for rent to pnvate parhes. A large amount. of money was collected as rent of the real estate (about $18,000), and about $15,000 was collected from n. local insurance comp~ny by reason of the loss of some of the buildings by fire while they were occup1ed by tena.nts from whon~ the United States authorities were col:ecting 1·en !s. A bout $LOOO was collected from a gas company, being dividends n pon the capita_! stock ?f ~he company owned by one ?f the claimants. All of this money ~vas eit!-Ier pattlmto the Treasury of the Umted States or used for the support of 1tsarm1es. 

Under these facts, constituting practically the violation of that which was equivalent to a safeguard, your committee believe that the laws of civilized war- fare, as construed by the Supreme Court of the United States demand that claim- ants should be paid the money thus realized from their p1·operty. They there- fore come to the same conchision thst the several committees of the House of Representatives have reached, and recommend the passage of Senate bill630. The committee attaches hereto a copy of the report made by the House Com- mittee on 'Var Claims at the present session. 

[House Report No. !Jl8, F01·ty-cighth Congress, first session.] 

The Committee on War Claims, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 4i76) for the relief of Cora A. Slocumb, Ida A. Richardson, and Caroline Augusta Urqu- hart, submit the following report: This case was favorably reported from the Committee on War Claims in the Forty-third, Forty-fourth, and Forty-fifth Congresses, which reports fully state the facts, and we incorporate them in this report as, together, giving a history of the claim. While your .committee do not wish to be considered as agreeing 

with all of the conclusions stated in the several reports, we do find that the facts arc correctly stat-ed, and are as follows: 'l'he letter of General Benjamin F. Butler, upon the assurances of which the parties left New Orleans, is as follows: · 

• HEADQUARTERS DEPART:.\IENT OF THE GULF, 

• New 01·leans, June 23, 1862. 

MESDAMES: I have the plP..asme to inform you that my necessities, which caused the request for permission to use your house during your absence this summer, have been relie\"cd. I have taken the house of General Twiggs, late of the United States Army ,for quarters. Inclined never on slight causes to use the power intrusted to me to grieve even sentiments only entitled to respect, from the courage and ladylike propriety of manner in which they were avowed, it is gratifying to be enabled to yield to the appeal you made for favor and pro- t-ection by the United Stat-es. Yours shall be the solitary exception to the general rule adopted that they 

who ask prot-ecti~n must take upon themselves corresponding obligations, or do an equal favor to the Government. I have an aged mother at home who, like you, might request the inviolability of hearthstone and roof-tree from the presence of a stranger. For her sake you shall have the pass you a-sk, which is sent herewith. - As I did myself the honor to ·say personally, you may leave the city with no fear that your house will be interfered wit.Q. by any exercise of military right, but will be safe under the laws of the United States. Trusting that the inexo- rable logic of events will convict. you of wrong toward your country when all else has failed, I remain, your obedient servant, 

Mesdames SLOCUMB and URQ.UHART. 

BENJ. F. BUTLER, 

Mojor-General. 

Upon the prontises of this letter, making these parties t11e "solitary excep- tion," made by one who spoke for thena:tion, we recommend the passage of the bill. 

[House Report No.6, Forty-fifth Congress, second session.] 

The Committee on War Claims, to whom the memorials of Mrs. Corn A. Slo- cumb and her daughters, Miss Ida A. Slocumb (now Mrs. Richardson) and Mrs. Caroline Augusta Urquhart, all of the city of New Orleans, La., were referred having considered the same, subntit the following report: . That the evidence shows that in the year 1862 the claimants were the owners of a large amount of real and personal property situated in said city. In the summer of that year they applied to General B. F. Butler, then in oomm and of the military district in which New Orleans was situated, for permission to leave the city and repair to a country-seat owned by them in the mountain region of North Carolina, where they had usually spent their summers.· The permission was granted on condition that the parties should in no manner aid or. abet the war then being waged against the Government. Fears having been expressed 

by these ladies that their property might be interfered with by the military au- thorities during their absence General Butler promised that it should not be dis- turbed. Relying on this assurance, the parties left the city and.went to their country-seat above mentioned. 

As long as General Butler remained in command the pledge given by him was strictly fulfilled, but not long afterward he was superseded by General N. P. Banks. Shortly after the latter took command a general order was issued for the seizure of all property belonging to absentees. Under this order all their real estate in the city, together wit-h such personal property as was found therein, was seized by the military aut;horities. The most of it, including the residence of the parties, was applied to various military uses; the residue that was not so used was turned over to B. F. Flanders, supervising special agent of the Treas- ury in New Orleans, by whom the rents thereon were collected and paid or 8.(!4 

counted for to the Treasury Department. '.rhe following personal property was also seized under speeial orders subsequently issued, to wit: Fifty-two shares of the stock of the New Orleans Gas-light Company~~~longing to Mrs. Slocumb, and fifty-six shares of the same stock belonging to Miss Ida. Slocumb. At a later date, four stores, also belonging to Miss Ida. Slocumb, which had been insured in the Merchants' Insurance Company of New Orleans at $15.000, having been destroyed by fire, the amount payable on the loss, to wit, 814,300, was, in obedi- ence to a military order, paid to Assistant Quartermaster McClure. · At the close of the war all the property of these memorialists which had been seized and appropriated as above stated was, by order of the President, restored 
1886. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 625 

to their possession; but no portion of the moneys which had been collected, as above stated, including also the dividends which had accrued on the gas-light 

st-ock above mentioned, was refunded, the same having been paid into the Treas- ury, and thereby placed beyond the control of the Executive. The parties therefore resorted to Congress for relief. They presented their memorials at the first 

session of the Forty-third Congress, by which they were referred to the Committee on War Claims. . A favorable report was made thereon by the committee, and a bill introduced 

providing for the payment to the parties of the amotmts respectively claimed 

by them, but no action was taken on the bill by that Congress. The memorials were again presented at the first session of the Forty-fourth Congress, and re- ferred as before to the Committee on War Claims. A similar report was made 

and a similar bill introduced by the committee of that Congress. The bill shared 

the fate of its predecessor, no action having ever been taken on it by the Hous~. 

Your committee have examined the evidence upon which these reports are based, and.find that .they are fully sustained by it. They deem it proper, therefore, to append them to this report. Your committee concur in the opinion expressed by the preceding committeesFirst. That. the seizlires of the property of the petitioners were unauthorized 

by law. (See the decision of the Supreme Court of "the United States in Planters' Bank""· Union Bank, 16 Wallace, page 48:>.) • · . Second. They violated two di~tinct pledges given by General Butler: (1) the 

premise given to the inhabitants of New Orleans, on or before the surrender of 

the said city, that their rights of property should be protected, subject only to 

the laws of the United States; (2) the special promise nbove mentioned ma.de to these ])arties. Your committee therefore entertain no doubt that the sums claimed by the 

petitioners are just-ly due to them. The sums are as follows: 

To 1\frs. Cora. Ann Slocumb, for rents collected ................... $12,246 40 For dividends on gas stock................................................... 468 60 

---- $12,71::1 00 To Miss Ida A. Slocumb, for rents collected......................... 5, 675 00 

Amount of insurance collected from Merchants' Insurance Company ............................................................................ 14,300 00 Dividends, gas company stock............................................. 504 00 20,479 00 To Mrs. Caroline Urquhart, rents collected.. ......................................... 5,4.67 15 

Total .. .. ..... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .... .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. .... ... .. .. .. 38, 661 15 

The committee report the accompanying bill, and recommend its passage. The memorials also contain a demand for compensation for the use of of such 

portions of their real estate as were occupied by the military, and for personal 

property taken for that purpose, which was either lost or very much damaged, 

but as this part of the claim must rest upon evidence mainly oral and taken ex parte, the committee have not examined it, and agree with the report of the first 

committee above mentioned that it ought to be referre<.l to the Court of Claims. 

[House Re:Port No. 429, Forty-third Congress, first session.] 

'.rhe Committee on War Claimst to whom the memorials of Mrs. Cora A. Slocumb and her daughters, 1\Irs. Richardson and Mrs. Urquhart, were referred, 

respectfully report: 

That in July, 1862, Mrs. Slocumb applied to General B. F. Butler, then com- manding the military district in which New Orleans was situated, for permission to leave that city with her two daughters, Miss Idn.Slocumb (now Mrs. Richardson) and Mrs. Urquhart, and retire to a country-seat in the mountain region of 

North Carolina, where they were in the habit of spending their summers. The 

permission was granted, and the general also promised that the property owne<.l 

by these parties in the city, consisting mostly of valuable real estate, should not be interfered with during their ab ence. Relying on this promise, and availing themselves of this permission, the parties left the city and took up their resiidence in their home in the country . .A.slongas General Butler remained in command the pledge thus given by him was strictly observed, and the property of the above-named parties remained 

undisturbed. But General Butler was shortly after succeeded by Gene1·al Banks 

in the command of the district, and about the 1st of August, 1862, a general order was issued by the latter, under which all the real estate owned by the above 

parties was (no doubt through ignorance of the pledge given by his predecessor) 

taken possession of by his quartermaster. A portion thereof was used for various 

military purposes, and the residue was turned over to B. F. Flanders, the super- vising special agent of the Treasury in that city; the rents thereof were collected 

by him, and were duly accounted for to the Treasury Department. Some time after, to wit, about the 15th of March, 1864, a number of shares in 

the New Orleans Gas-li'ght Company, belonging respectively to Irs. Slocumb 

and her daughter Ida, were also seired by the quartermaster, who received two dividends thereon, amounting, on the stock of Mrs. Slocumb, to $468, and on that of her daught~r, to $504. 

On being informed of these facts, Mrs. Slocumb made repeated applications 

for permission to return thereto; but. this permission was refused, and all the 

parties remained in their country-seat above mentioned until the close of the war, without in any manner participating thel'ein. ·At the close of the war, howe'\'er; their property was restored to them under an order from the :President. This rest-oration took place on or about the 1st of 

September, 1865. 

Finally, on or about the-- day of--, 1864, the sum of $14,300, which was due to Miss Ida Slocumb (now Mrs. Richardson) by the l\Ie1·cbants' Mutual In- surance Company, for the loss of everal buildings insured in thatcompany,was seized under n. special order from General Banks, and paid by the company to Captain McClure, acting quartermaster. Your committee entertain no doubt that the money thus collected should be returne~ to the petitio~ers. The procedings by which the money was taken and 

appropr1ated were not authorized by n.ny.law (see 16th Wal. Rep. 485), but they were a. violation of the terms of capitulation, and of a pledge given by the officer 

in command. The memorialists, therefore, are clearly entitled to relief. 

The amount of money collected belonging to Cora A. Slocumb i.s : 

Renls collected (less expenses) .......................... .' .................................. 812,246 40 

Dividends gas-light company collected ............................................... 4.68 00 

12,714 40 

The amount of money collected belonging to Ida A. Slocumb (Richardson) is: 

!~J~;~~r1~~~:~:~E~~~f:L :::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: :::::::::::::::::::: ~:~ ~ Dividends gas-light company collected..................... ........................... 504 oo 

20,479 00 

Th~ amount of money collected belonging to 1\!rs. Caroline Augusta Urqu- hartl.B : 

Rents colle.cted (less expenses) .... .'...................... ........... ....... ...... ...... $5,467 15· The comm1ttee therefore report the accompanying bill providing for the reXVII-40 

imbursement orthe above parties of the sums belonging to them, respectively, which were collected by agents of the Government, and were paid into, or ac- counted for to, the Treasury Department, less certain expenses incurred, and 

recommend its passage. 

The memorialists also ask for compensation for the use of such portions of 

their real estate as were applied to public uses, and for personal property taken 

also for that purpose, and which was either lost or very much damaged. But as this portion of their claim rests, in a great measure, on oral and e:~: parte tes- timony, or on documents not sufficiently authenticated, the committee think 

that if any claim exists in their favor on this part of the petition it should be referred to the Court of Claims for a. decision on this portion of their demand. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER.: There are several reports of other com- mittees appended. Does the Senator desire that those be read? 

Mr. INGALLS. No, sir. . Mr. JONES, of Arkansas. I rose to make a statement which the 

statement of the Chair has obviated thenecessityof. Every report made 

in the case has been favorable. 

The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendments were concurred in. 

The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third 

time, and passed. . Mr. GIBSON. I suggest to the Senator from Arkansas that the title 

of the bill should be made to conform to the body. 

Mr. JONES, of Arkansas. · I move that the title of the bill be con- formed to the bill, so as to read: "A bill for the relief of Ida A. Richardson, Caroline A·. Urquhart, and Cora A. Slocomb, as the heirs at law 

of Com A. Slocomb, de<'.eased.' ~ 

The amendment was agreed to. 

JOHN LEATHERS. 

The bill (S. 767) for the relief of John Leathers was considered as in Committee of the Whole. 

The bill was reported from the Committee onClaimswithanamendment, in line 4, after the words "sum of," to strike out "$500" and 

insert "$744.90;" so as to make the bill read: 

Be it enacted, &c., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and be is hereby, 

authorized and directed to refund to John Leathers the sum of $744..90, out of 

any m<mey in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, on account of said amount having been pn.id by said John Leathers as a fine for 

trespassing upon an Indian reservation, for which transgression the President 

of the United States granted said John Leathers a full and unconditional pardon. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

?tlr. PLATT. I do not want to call for the reading of the report if 

it is lengthy, but I should like to know on what ground the President 

pardoned Leathers for this trespass? 

Mr. HOAR. I do not seethe Senator. from Oregon [Mr. DOLPn] who 

made the report in his seat, but I will state what the report is, and the 

Senator from Connecticut can have it read then if he wants to. 

The monuments which were put up to mark the line of this Indian res- ervation bythepnblicauthority, the Government engineer, and also some 

of the plans which were made, were erroneous and did not conform with 

the survey in Washington. This man was outside those monuments, 

aud he had every reason to believe that he was outside of the reserva- tion instead of being inside of it. Therefore he set up his trading establishment, as he had a right to do. When the case came into court 

the court held that, notwithstanding all the ostensible monuments in 

the Territory had indicated this wrong line, he was bound by the true 

lawful line which was of record here, and therefore convicted him; but 

the court recommended his pardon. The facts being brought to the attention of the President of the United States, the pardon was instantly 

granted. The man in the mean time had paid his fine, and the committee thought it ought to be remitted. 

The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendment 

was concurred in. . 

The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the 

third time, and passed. 

MA.ILIKG OF LOTTERY ADVERTIS~TS. 

The bill (S. 2GO) to prohibit the mailing of newspapers and otber publications containing lottery advertisements and prescribing a penalty 

for the violation of the same, was announced as next in order. 

Mr. JACKSO~. That bill will involve discussion, and it is impossible to consider it under the five-minute rule. I ask that it go over. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Tennessee asks that 

this bill may go over. ltlr. WILSON, of Iowa. I suppose an objection will carry it over. The PRESIDING OFFICER. ~cept a,ooainst a motion. A single 

objection carries the bill over, but the rule provides--

~Ir. JACKSO.N. I have no objection to the bill being considered, 

but it can hardly be considered under the five-minute rule. 

~Ir. WILSON, of Iowa. I have no objection to the bill being passed over for to-day, retaining its place on the Calendar. 

Mr. JACKSON. Very well. . The P RESIDL.~G OFF ICE H. Is there objection to that arrangement? 

The Chair hears none; it is so ordered, and the bill will be passed over 

ir.formally, retaining its place on the Calendar. 

MATTHIAS LECKNER. 

The bill (S. 3ii) granting a pension to Matthias Leckner was con-

• 
626 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 13, 

sidered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place on the pension-roll, subject to the provisions and limitations ofthe pension laws, 

the name of Matthias Leckner, late a private in Company B, Thirteenth 

Reginient Kansas Infantry Volunteers. 

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to 

be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. 

ADIDSSIOY OF DAKOTA. 

The bill (S. 967) to provide for the admission of the State of Dakota 

inoo the Union and for the organization of the Territory of Lincoln 

was announced as next in order. • :Mr. B;ARRISON. :Mr. President, with reference to that bill which 

is now called and the two resolutions which follow upon the same subject, I ask that they may be passed over. The report i'3 not yet on the 

tables of Senators, and of course it will be impossible to consider the 

question under the five-minute rule. I would say, however, that I ex- pect to call the bill up for consideration at an early day, as early next 

week as I can. · 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator desire to have the 

bill retain its place on the Calendar? 

Mr. HARRISON. Yes,~; it may be so ordered. Of course it can not be discussed under Rule VIII. It is not important that it should 

retain its place under that rule; but that order may be made, and I ·will 

call it up hereafter. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Indiana asks unan- imous consent that the bill be passed over :informally, retaining its 

place on the Calendar. The Chair hears no objection. The next two 

.J.'esolutions on the Calendar relate to the same subject--

Mr. HARRISON. The same course is to be taken in regard to them. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator made that suggestion, 

but the Chair neglected to include it in the previous order. The resolutions will be passed over. 

LEGAL REPRESENTATIVE OF JOHN HATFIELD. 

The bill (S. 296) for the relief of Alfred G. Hatfield was considered 

as in Committee of the Whole. 

The bill was reported from the Committee on Claims with an amendment, in line 4, after the words "pay to," to strike out "Alfred G. 

Hatfield;" so as to make the bill read: 

Be it enacted, &:c., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, au- thorized and directed to pay t{) tl1e legal representative of John Hatfield, deceased, late "'eterinary surlfeon of the Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, the sum of$675, in full for semces~ veterinary surgeon for said regiment for nine 

months, at $75per month. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendment was concurred in. 

The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the 

third time, and passed. 

The title was amended so as to read: "A bill for the relief of the 

legal representative of John Hatfield.'' 

KINSEY B. CECIL. 

The bill (S. 218) to confirm the title to certain lands in Platte 

County, Missouri, and authorize patents to beissued therefor to Kinsey 

B. Cecil, was considered as in Committee of the Whole. 

The preamble recites that George Smith did, on the 9th of April, 

1862, make entry at the United States land office at Boonville, :M:o., 

of the northeast fractional quarter and the southeast fractional quarter (wes~ of Bee Creek) section 31, township 53, range 35, containing 

19.52 acres, in Platte County, :Missouri; that Joseph Meyer did, on the 9th of April, 1862, make entry at the land office at Boonville, :M:o., 

of the northwest fractional quarter of the northeast fractional quarter 

(west of Bee Creek) section 31, township 53, range 35, containing 1. 73 

acres, in Platte County, :Missouri; that the purchase-money for these 

fractions of land is still retained by the Government of the United 

States, and that the lands have long since passed into the hands of innocent purchasers, who have occupied the same, paid taxes, and made 

valuable improvements thereon, having had no notice that the entries 

had been canceled until recently. 

The bill therefore proposes to confirm these entries, and authorize 

patents to be issued for the lands to Kinsey B. Cecil, the assignee of 

George Smith and Joseph Meyer. 

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to 

be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. · 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question nowis on the adoption 

of the preamble. 

The preamble was agreed to. 

FORFEITURE OF IOWA LAND GRANT. 

The bill (S. 149) forfeiting a part of certain lands granted to the State 

<>f Iowa to aid in the construction of railroads in that State, and for 

other purposes, was announced as next in order. 

Mr. McMILLAN. Let that go over. There is a report of the com- mittee to be printed, which has not been laid on the table. 

Mr. PLUMB. I do not care to have it-go over on that ground. If 

the Senator desires it to go over let him so state; but as far as therepart:. hconcerned I will say on behalf of the committee that there is 

• 

no necessity to wait for the report if the Senate is readyto take up the b~ . :Mr. McMILLAN. I prefer to wait and read the report of the com- mittee. 

The PRESIDING ~FFICER. A single objection takes the bill o-ver. 

B. ~h-rNGS. . 

The bill (S. 85) for the relief of B. Jennings was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to appropriate $3,114.66 to pay B. 

Jennings, late register of the land office at Oregon City, to reimburse 

Jennings for money expended by him as register between the 1st of 

June, 1859, and December 31, 1860, for additional clerical servicesand 

extraordinary expenses during that period not heretofore allowed or paid. 

The ]?ill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to 

be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. 

PETITIOXS OF FOREIGN' SUBJECTS. 

lli. PLl))!B having during the morning hour presented the petition 

of Maurice Gandy, of Liverpool, England, praying the passage of a law 

permitting him to renew his application for a patent for his invention 

of belts of canvas or duck for driving machinery, it was referred to the 

Committee on Patents. 

lli. PLUMB. I now rise to ask unanimous consent to withdraw a petition which I presented this morning-a petition for the relief of 

Maurice Gandy. I do so for the reason that on reading the petition it 

is disclosed that Mr. Gandy is a British subject, and consequently not 

entitled under the rules of the Senate to present a petition, and I therefore ask leave to withdraw it. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair hears no objection. 

Jl,fr. HOAR. I should like to inquire of my honorable friend from 

Kansas for information simply, if it is true that the Senate has not rec- ognized the propriety of a petition from a subject of a. foreign country. 

Mr. PLUMB. That is the fact, as I am told. 

Mr. HOAR. I do not in the least wish to interpose any objection 

to my honorable friend dealing as he sees fit with a petition intrusted 

to his cliarge, and I therefore make no objection to his request; but I 

should hope that if any citizen of a foreign governm.ent has any grievance at the hands of this, while he was dwelling here or elsewhere, 

the Senate would allow him to make a respectful statement of it and 

receive it without resorting to his minister. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Secretary will read the rule cov- ering this point. 

The Chief Clerk xead from Rule VII, as follows: 

But no petition or memorial or othezpape:rsigned by citizens or subjects of a foreign power shall be received, unle the same be transmitted to the Senate 

by the President. 

ALEXA1H>ER 81\IILEY. · 

The bill (S. 221) for the relief of Alexander Smiley was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It is a direction to the Commissioner 

of Internal Revenue to remit the amount of 660.94 assessed .against 

Alexander Smiley, proprietor of distillery numbered 2, in the county of 

Itfississippi, Missouri, if the Commissioner shall be satisfied that Smiley 

has fullypaidtotheGovernmentall taxes due for spirits actually made 

by his distillery from the 1st of February to the 23d of April, 1875. 

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to 

be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. 

ESTATE OF F:RAl."X SOULE. . 

The bill (S. 163) releasing the estate of the late Frank Soule, late 

collector of internal revenue for the fint district of California, and his 

sureties on his official bond, was considered as in Committee of the 

Whole. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Secretary calls attention to a verbal error in lines 12 and 13, where the word ''and" is repeated. 

JI,Ir. MILLER, of New York. Let that be corrected. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The correction will be made. 

JI,Ir. CONGER. Is there a report in this case? 

Mr. MILLER, of New York. I will state that there is a written re- port in that case. It is the same report that I presented to the last 

Congress. The bill passed the Senate at the last Congress and 1Jassed 

in the Forty·seventh Congress, so that it has twice passed the Senate. 

The report goes into the whole merits of the case. It can be read if it 

is deemed necessary. 

JI,Ir. CONGER. Let it be read. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The report will be read. 

The Secretary proceeded to read the report subinitted by 1\Ir. :MILLER, 

ofNew York, from the Committee on Finance, January 12, 1886. 

Mr. CONGER. What has been read of the report recalls to my mind 

my own examination of 1..he case, and I am satisfied. I do not ask that 

it be read further. · 

The bill was reported to the Senate, ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. 

SIOUX R.ESERV .A TION IN D.AKOT..A. 

The bill (S. 52) to divide a portion of the reservation of the Sioux ~ation of Indians, in Dakota, into separate reservations, and to secure 
1886. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- · SENATE. 627 

the relinquishment of the. J:ndi.an title .to "the r~der, was announced 

as n.ext in -order. 

Mr. COCKRELL. I do not see the Sena.tor..from Massaclmsetts [Mr. 

DAWES] here who reported the bilL Let that be -passed :OYer .informally. The PRESIDINGQFFICER. The bill will be passed over infm;mally, if there be no objection. 

OFFICIAL LETTER-BOOKS OF NORTH CAROLINA. 

The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, -proceeded to consider the . 

ioint resolution (S. R.19) directing copies of the official letter-books of 

the executivedepartmentofthe State ofNorth Carolina to be furnished 

to ·said State. 

It is a direction to the Secretary ofWar to cause to he made out dn1_y 

certified copies of the official letter-books of the executive department 

of the State of North Carolina now in the War Department, and to be 

delivered to the -governor ofNo.rth Carolina, xetaining the originals in 

the War Department. · ' 

The joint re o1ution was .reported to the Senate without amendment, , 

·Ordered to be ·engrossed for a third .reading, read the third time, and 

passed. 

1\IISSOU.RI liOME GU.A.BDS. 

The bill (S. 216) to authorize theSecretary ·ofWar to furnish certificates uf discharge to certain members of the Missouri Home Guards was 

considered as in Committee of the Whole. 

It proposes -to direct the Secretary of War-to furnish, upon their -sev- eral applications therefor, a certificate of discharge to each and every 

member of the Missouri Home Guards whose claims for pay were adjudicated by the Hawki..ns-Taylor comm:ission, under the act .approved 

:March 25, 1862, and the several acts supplementary thereto. 

-The bill was Teported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to . 

be engrossed for a third -reading, read the third time, -and passed. ' 

OSCAR E.A.STMOND fi""D .TAMES W. ATWILL. 

The bill (S. 214) for the relief of Oscar Eastmond and James W. A:twill was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to direct the 

Secretary of War to cause to be issued and delivered to Oscar Eastmond a commission as colonel and to James W. A:twill a commission as lieutenant-colonel oftheFirstRegimentNorth Carolina Volunteers, to date as of June 20, 1865, and to cause them to be duly mustered out as ,of 

date June 27, 1865. The commissions and musters-out issued thereunder are not to entitle Eastm.ond and .A. twill, or either of them, or any 

person claiming by, through, under, or from them, oreitber-ofthem, to 

any pay, compensatiQn, or allowance of an;)tkind whatever, and are only 

toentitlethemrespectivelyto the rank of colonel and lieutenant-colonel 

of the -regiment named. · The bill was reported -to the Senate without amendment, ordered to 

·t?e engrossed for a third reading, read -the third time, and -passed. 

..A.LEXANDER FRANCESCO. 

. The bill (S. ·424) giving a military record to Alexander Francesco, 

deceased, was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It directs the 

Secretary of War to enter upon the .rolls of Company D, Forty-fifth 

Regiment of Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, the name of .A.lexan..der _Francesco, as a private, dn1y mustered into the service of the United 

States as of date October 24, 1863, and to complete his military .record as follows: "Ca-ptnredinMagoffinOonnty, Kentucky,Deeember1, 1863; 

confined at Richmond, Va., December 8, 1863; admitted to rebel hospital, Richmond, Va., February 15, 1864, where he died, February 25, 

1864, of .chronic diarrhea.'' 

The bill was .reported to the Senate witheut amendment, ordered to 

be .engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. 

.TOH....~ HOLLIKS M1BLAIR. 

The bill (S. 193) for the relief of John Hollins :M:cBlal:r was considered as in Committee of the Whole. 

The bill was .reported from the Committee on Military Affairs with 

an amendment, in line 14, after the word "sixty-four," to add: 

With the_pay of his grade and rank from April30,1884, and with a. full discharge from all liability for any sums paid to o.r received by him previoUBly to said date. • 

So as to make tbe bill reaa: 

Be it enacted, &c., That the provisions of law Tegulating appointmentsi.n. -the Army by promotion in the line are hereby suspended for the purposes of this 

act only, and only so far as theyaffectJohnHollins l\IcBlair; and the President can., if be so desire, in the exercise of his own discretion and judgment, nomi- nate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Semite, appoint said John Ho1lins M.cBlair, late a first lieutenant in the Fi..ft:eenth United States Infantry 

Regiment, to the same grade and rank of first lieutenant in the A.I:my of the United States in the infantry service, and to place him upon the retired-list of the .Army as of the date of AprilS, 1864, with the pay of his grade and Tank from April30l 1884, and with a full discharge from all liability for any sums paid to or -receivea by him previously to said date. 

·The amendment wa,s agreed to. 

The bill was reported to the -senate .as amended, ana the amendment 

was concurred in. 

The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the 

third time, and passed. · . "The committee propose an amendment to the preamble, in line 8, ·after the word "list," to strike out "and is .now so oorne" and insert in 

lieu thereof "up to November 12, 1884;" and in linelO, aftertheword 

"officer." to insert "up to .A_pril 30, 1884 ;" so as to read: 

Whereas JohnHollins.l\IcBlair, late a first lieutenant in the Fifteenfh United ·States Infantry, was, by-order of the President, dated October 6,1863, ·wholly re- tired from the service, and was afterward,. on AprilS, 1864, ordered by the !Rres- i.dent to be retired for disability incident to the service and to be placed upon the retired-1 istt and has ever since been borne upon .such retired-list, u_p toN ~vember 12, 188<i, and has been. regularly paid as such retired officer up to April 30, 

1884, and the Oourt of Claims has recently decided.that the order of the President of April 8, 1864, .attempting to revoke the order of October 6, 1863, wholly .retiring .him, and to .restore him to the .retired-list, wns not operative, &c. 

The amendm-ent was agreed to. . The preamble as amended was agreed t.o: 

lllESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE .• 

.A. message from the House of Representatives, by :M.r. CLARK, its 

Clerk, announced that the House had concurred in the resolution of -the 

Senate for the printing of the reports of tests of iron and steel :and other 

materials. for industrial Jlllrpo es made at the Watertown arsenal. 

The message also announced that the House had passed the bill (S. 

602) to legalize .the -election of the "Territorial Legislative .Assembly of 

Wyoming, wit1i an amendment; in which it requested the concurrence 

of the Senate. 

BETTS, NICHOLS & CO. 

The bill (S. 556) for the relief of Betts, Nichols & Co. was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It directs the Treasurer of the United 

States to pay to the holder ther-eof draft nnm.bered 5453, on Treasury 

Interior warrant numbered 4801, dated March 1, 1860~ pa_yable to aud 

indorsed by Sampson & Hen.dricks, of Austin, Tex., on the assistant 

treasurer ·o.fthe United Sta-tes atNew Orleans, for 250. 

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to 

be eDo<YTOssed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. 

PAYMENTS TO .INTERNAL-REVENUE ·COLLECTORS. 

Mr. "MOR.RTIL. I ask leave,ont of order to offer the following Tesolution calling for information, and ask action UJ>On it now: 

.Reso~ved, '!'hat the Secretary of the Treasury be d.ire.cte.d -to furnish informa- -tion to the Senate as to whethel· o:r not any collectors of int-emal Tevenue not confirmed by the Senate have Teceived a.ny portion of the salary pertaining to the office contrary to the law of :March 1,1879, which provides "that no collector shall.he entitled to-any portion of the sa.la.ry pertaining to the o.ffi.ce unless such colleetor shall have been confirmed bythe Senate, except in the case of cmnmis- sions to fill vacancies occurring during the recess of the Senate." 

The PRESIDING OFFICER Is there objection to the present consideration of the resolution ? 

1Jfr. HARRIS and Mr. BECK. Let that go over. Mr. MORRILL. Then I ask to ha>e the .resolution _printed. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. It will lie over and be printed. 

FUNERAL OF VICE-PRESIDENT "JIE}.TDRICKS. 

Mr. EDMUNDS submitted the following resolution; which was read: 

.Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate be, and he hereby is, authorized an.d directed to pay, out of the m.i.scellan.eoUB items of the contingent fund of the Senate, the actual and necessary .expenses of the .officers and .members of the Senate who attended the funera1 of the late Thomru~ A. Hendricks, Vice-Presi- dent of the United Stat-es. in November last,.{)n vouch-er or vouchers approved 

by the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent ~xpenses of the Senate. 

~fr. EDMUNDS. I ask £or the p-resent consideration of the resolution. 

The Sen..'tte, by unanimous consent, proceeded to consider the resolution. 

Mr. ED MUNDS. I :will stn.te that these ex:pen.seS were incurred, as they always have to be in a vacation, as the result of a meeting of all 

the Senato.n; in Washington that was called and held, and a. committee 

was designated to .attend the funeral. It is to pay the expenses so incurred that the resolution provides for . 

The reso1ution was agreed to. 

TENEDORE TEN IIT"CK. 

The bill (S. 519) to authorize the President to restore Tenedore Ten. 

Eyck tohisfo.rmer .rankin the Army, and toplacehim upon the retiredlist of Army officers, was considered as in Committee of the Whole. 

The bill was reported from the Committee on M11itary .Affairs with an amendment, after the word "empowered," to strike out "to restore" 

and insert "to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of 

the Senate, to appoint;" so as to make the bill read: 

Be it ena.cted, &c., That the President be, andh.e is hereby, authorized and em- powered to nominate and, by and with the ad vice and consent of the Senate, to appoint to his former rank in the Army, and to place upon the retired-list or .A..rmy officers, Tenedore Ten Eyck:, late a captain in the Eighteenth United · States Infantry : Provided, That the said Tenedore Ten Eyck shall be entitled to no pay or allowances as an Army officer for the time he may have been out of tho military service, but shall, from the date ofb.is restoration, be entitled to the pay and allowances pertaining to an officer of his rank on the ret.ired-list: Andpro-

'l)i(kdfurther, That he shall receive no pension from an.d after the passage of this 

act. 

Mr. PL UiliB. I wish to inquire if it is too late to object to the consideration of the bill? 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. An objection is in order at any stage 

of the proceeding. 

:Mr. PLUMB. I object. 

The PRESIDINGOFFICER. TheSenafurfromKansasobjects. and 

under the Tnle the bill lies over. 
628 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-=-SENATE . . JANUARY 13, 

ROBERT J. BAUGNESS. 

The bill (S. 389) for the relief of the heirs or legal representatives of 

Robert J. Baugness, deceased, was considered as in Committee of the 

Whole. 

It is a direction to the Secretary ofW ar to correct the record of Robert 

J. Bauguess, late a private in Company I, Thirty-seventh illinois Volunteers, so as to remove the charge of desertion, and to the proper accounting officers of the Treasury to pay to the heirs or legal representatives of Bauguess, deceased, the bounty and allowances that would have 

been -due him had not such charge of desertion appeared against him on 

the rolls. . 

Mr. PLATT. Is there a report? . 

The P~ESIDING OFFICER. The f:lenator from South Carolina 

[Mr. HAMPTON] reported the bill. There is no written report on file. 

Mr. HAMPTON. I will state for the information of the Senate that 

a report was made last year, and upon that report the bill was passed 

by the Senate. The facts of the case are that this man was- a soldier, 

and, when not on duty at his regular post, under an a.Ssumed name went 

into a fight in another pla-ce and was killed. It is proved beyond all 

doubt that he was killed; and the bill ;is simply to enable his heirs to 

obtain his bounty and allowances. 

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to 

be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. 

TIIO.llAS J . MILLER. 

The bill (S. 87) for the relief of Thomas J. Miller, of Washington Territory, was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to 

·direct the Secretary of War to examine into and ascertain the loss and 

damage sustained by Thomas J. Miller, a citizen of Washington Territory, by the seiznre and sinking of his ferry-boat on the· Columbia 

River by the armed forces of the United States, for the purpose ofpreventing its being used by the hostile Indians during the late Bannock 

war in that Territory about the month of Jnly, 1878; and $5001 or as much thereof as may be necessary, is appropriated to enable the Secretary of War to adjust and the accounting officers of the Treasury to pay 

the amount of the loss and damage as allowed under the authority of 

this act. · 

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to 

be engrossed for a third readirig, read the third time, and passed. _ 

WILLIAM H. MORGAN. 

The bill (S. 528) for the relief of William H. Morgan was announced as next in order. . . 

Mr. HAMPTON. I move that· that bill be recommitted to the Committee on Military·.Affairs. 

The motion was agreed to. 

WILLIAM M. MAYNADIER. 

The bill (S. 98) _for the relief of Maj. William M. Maynadier, a paymaster in the United States Army, was announced as next in order. 

Mr. PLUMB. I object to the consideration of the bill. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The consideration of the bill being 

objected to, it Hes 9ver under the rule. -

CHURCII AND STATE. 

The next business in order was the resolution submitted by 1\Ir. MoRGAN January 11, 1886, in relation to the appointment of officers of the 

United States to participate with the officers of any chnrch in the joint 

conduct and administration of the spiritual or temporal affairs of such 

church, &c. 

Mr. BUTLER. The Sena.tor from .Alabama rMr. MORGAN] is not 

present. I think the best course would be to let the resolution go over. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. It will lie oYer, retaining its place on 

the Calendar, if there be no objection. The Senate is at the end of the 

Calend~r, and the hour of2 o'clock has-very nearly arrived. 

JUDICIAL SALARIES. 

Mr. COKE. I ask that the regular order be laid before the Senate. 

I bn....-e n. motion to submit. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The regular order at 2 o'clock is the 

bill (S. 6) fixing the salaries of the several judges of the United States 

district courts at $5, 000 per annum, and for other purposes. 

Mr. COKE. _In accordance with notice given by me a few days ago, 

I ~ow_ ~k :mammous consent of the: Senate that the regular order be 

Jmd as1de m order_ that I may submit some 1·emarks on the resolution 

offered by the Senator from Kentucky [1\ir. BECK]. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. TheSenatorfrom Texas asks that the 

regular order be laid over informally, that he may address the Senate 

on the resolution of the Senator from Kentucky. No objection is made 

and it is so ordered. · ' 

WYO::\fiNG TERRITORIAL LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. 

Mr. IIARRISON. Will the Senator from Texas yield to me a mo- ment ? 

Mr. <;;OKE. Certainly. . 

.Mr. HARRISON. I ask permission to call up a message from the 

House with refer~nce to Senate bill 602 . . The House has sent 1lS an !lmeudment. It is. in relation to the apportioment.ofWyoming Terrirory, and as that Legislature is in the very act of assembling and can not 

assemble legally unless we concur with the House, I ask to call it up. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair lays before the Senate the 

amendment of the HouseofRepresentatives to the bill (S. 602) to legalize 

the election of the Territorial Legislative Assembly of Wyoming. 

Mr. HARRISON. I ask that the Senate concur in the House amendment. • The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be read. 

Th.e CHIEF CLERK. The House amen~ent is to strike ou~ all after 

the word ''and," where it occurs the second time in line 10 of the bill, 

and insert: 

The governor, secretary of the Territ-ory, and president of the council shall-act as a. board of apportionment in said Territory, for apportioning the members of 

the next Legislative Assembly thereof, and shall meet at the capital of said :re~ritory on the first ¥onday in September, A. D. 1886, and shall, or a. ma- JOrlty of them, reapport10n the members of the council and house of represent;.. 

atives thereof upon the basis of the voting population as shown by the number 

of votes cast for Delegate in Congress in November, 1884, allotting members of 

ea-ch house of the Legislative Assembly t-o the different sections of the Territory pro rata, as nearly a.s practicable according to such ·population, and t9 that end may apportion when necessary in joint council districts. 

That sections 2, 3, and 4 of "An act providing for the reapportionment of the m~mbers of the Legislatures in the Territories of Montana, Idaho, and Wyommg," approved June 3,1880, be and the same are hereby continued in force so far as applicable to said Terri tory, and shall be in force as a part of this act ex- cept as herein modified and provided. ' 

Mr. HARRISON. I only desire to say that the modification which 

the House h~ made amounts to this, that instead of laying the dttty . upon the LeglSlature now about to assemble, and whose aSsembling is 

legalized by the first section, to make an apportionment for the next 

I.egislature, the ,Hoose has provided that the same officers who were 

authorized by the act of 1880 to make an apportionment shall make 

it for the next Legislature. I much prefer the hill as the Senate passed 

it, but as the Legislature is now in the very act of assembling, indeed 

has come together and organized, and as I am advised by the Delegate 

from that Territory that his people desire to acquiesce in this amendment, I move that the Senate concur in the amendment of the House 

of Representatives. 

The amendment was concurred in. 

COIN DUTIES ON L\IPORTED GOODS. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The resolution of the Senator from 

Kentucky [Mr. BECK] is before the Senate. 

:Mr. COKE. I ask that the resolution be rE>...ad. 

The_ Secretary read the resolution submitted by· Mr. BECK on tho 18th 

of December, 1885, relative to the payment in coin of customs dues 

and the disposition of the qoin so paid. . 

. Mr. COKE. l\Ir. President, the suspension of the further coinage of 

silver so earnestly pressed upon Congress in the message of the President and the report of the Secretary of the Treasnry, is a matter of such 

transcendent importance and fraught with such momentous consequences 

to the countty, that while ca.reful and respectful consideration should be 

g~ven to the arguments of these high officials in support of the proposition, these should stand alone on their merits, without aid or intendment in their favor, by reason of the exalted source whence they 

come. The question is too great to be settled on the dictum of any 

man or men, however high they may be in official position. The representatives of the States and the people in the two Houses of Congress 

have duties and responsibilities in respect to this great question which 

they must meet on their own independent j urlgment in their own way 

and without reference to the views of others, except to the extent they 

are sustained byreason and logic and right. Approving as I do substantially in other regards the principles and policiesoftheAdminish·ation I 

regrettodifferw:ith thePrcsidei:.tandSccretaryoftheTreasury on n. vital 

question like this, but my convictions, after a careful and ~borough consideration of all they have &'tid in support of their views, are diametrically 

opposed to those expressed by them, and I must stand by and maintain 

them. The policy of precipitating this question upon the conntry regardless of a public sentiment which has shown in every possible way 

a fixed determination to adhere to our silver coinage I believe hurtful 

to the best interests of the country, as tending directly to de troy confidence in its silver currency, but it having been the choice of the President to.continue the agitation b~<YUD and presistently kept up by his 

Repubhcan predecessors, however much we may deplore the iact., nothing is left to those who can not concur in his views but to join issue 

squarely with him. · 

The proposition of the President and Secretary of the Treasury is· to 

suspend the further coinage of sil-.er; the only continuency upon 

which, in their judgment, the coinage of silver, if suspend;d, can ever 

be safely resumed being n.n agreement between the United ' Stat<'s and 

leading European powers for concert of action in coining ancl LIJ.intaining in circulation silver money, a contingency which they frankly confess is not likely to occur, and which the numerou~ fruitless effurts of 

this Government to bring about shows can not be hoped for. So that 

the recommendation to suspend the further coinaae of silver meaus in 

plain English, to demonetize silver, except that alr·eady coined. Tbat 

is plainly the proposition submitt~d to CongTess and with which we have 

to deal. If adopted it is _an absolute rejection of bimetallism, under 

which this counh·y has prospered., and the erection of the sirigle gold 

standard as the basis of our financial system. . 
1886. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 629 

The argument upon which this vital and far-reaching policy is rec- ommended is based solely and whollyupon the alleged depreciation of silver us comp:ned with gold. The unsoundness of the b~is of the 

argument is believed to be susceptible of demonstration so conclusive as to leave no doubt or question. It is true that the silver in the coined 

silver dollar, when exposed in the market for sale as merchandise, is 

worth only 80 cents in gold, yet it is also true that the general range 

of prices for all other sorts of merchandise, for all kinds of property, are more depressed than for silver bullion. Gold has appreciated, has risen 

in value, until 80 cents of that metal will purchase what formerly was one dollar's worth of silver bullion, but it will purchase a still larger 

proportion of any other character of property or merchandise. 

When silver bullion more than holds its own in comparison with 

other commodities and the 80 cents in gold which it now sells for will 

buy more of the necessaries and comforts and luxuries of life, more wheat., more pork, more beef, more sugar, coffee, and tea, more dry goods, more in fine of any description of property, real or·. personal, than it 

would have bought when the same amount of bullion would have 

brought 100 cents in gold, then it must be conceded that silver has not 

depreciated, but that gold has risen in value. There is no other way 

of determining this question than by comparison in the mode indicated; 

for the depreciation or appreciation of any character of money, whether 

gold, silver, or paper, can not be proved except by comparison with the 

prices of commodities of which it is the measure of value. 

I have before me a table, too long to consume time in reading, prepared by the late Director of the Mint, Ron. H. C. Burchard, containjug a list of ninety commodities exported from the United States, with 

their declared values at the time of export, for the years 1870, 1883, and 

1884. These commodities comprise agricultural, manufactured, "and 

mining products, and were selected with a view to making a just avemge 

of the prices of all sorts of products and merchandise for the years 

named, and it is shown conclusively by this table that the prices in 1870 were 26 per cent. higher than. they were in 1884, or, in other words, that 

in the general range of 'Prices of all commodities there was an average 

fall of ~6 per cent. between 1870 and 1884. I have before me a similar 

table indicating general prices of commodities in England, which shows 

between 1873_and 1885 an average decline of 28 per cent .. I have before me still another table of tweJve leading staple commodities, among them flour, cotton, and wool, which show an average decline in England of 36 per 'cent. between 1873 and 1885. In 1873 the 

silver bullion in a dollar was worth 103 cents in gold. It is now worth 

80 cents in gold; a fall of 23 per cent. It is an abuse of terms to say in 

the light of' these undisputed facts, when silver bullion has been less 

affected by thi~ general decline than any other known commodity and can be exchanged now for more of anything of value in the world ex- cept gold than it could be in 1873, when it outvalu~d gold,· that silver 

has depreciated. I can take the 80 cents in gold for which the bullion 

in the silver dollar will sell in the market and buy with it more of anything that any man has for sale than it would have bought in 1873, 

when it would have sold in the nu"trket for 103 cents in gold; and the 

tables I have referred to prove it incontestably. Every farmer who 

raises wheat, or cotton, or wool, 01~ beef, or pork knows this to his sor- l'OW, and needs no testimony other than his own experience. 

No, Mr. President, silver has. not depreciated, but gold has risen in 

value, and a gold dollar will buy to-day an average of from 25 to 30 per 

cent. more of the products of the iarm_!_of wheat, of cotton, of wool, of 

pork, and of beef-than it would in 1873; and, more than that, it will 

buy that much more of the sweat and t<>iland life of the wage laborer, 

because when the product declines in value wages .must also come down. 

Silver bas remained with the farmer, the laborer, the miner, with the 

producer in every branch of industry, and follows and abides in value 

with the products of labor, falling as they fall and rising as they rise, 

while gold has left all and mounted to an altitude of its own, depressing 

all the products of labor in value exactly in proportion to the height 

of its rise. If silver bullion was alone in its decline this would be depreciation, but when it bears "the same relation to all other commodities it has always borne, the margin between it and gold can only be 

referred to the rise in value of gold. . 

That gold bas risen in value and that all property and products of 

labor have declined correspondingly, so that gold commands from 25 

to 30 per cent. greater purchasing power than it bad in 1873, can not 

be questio~ed. The causes leading to this condition are not difficult 

to discover. It is a well-known truth that when supply and demand are in a normal condition, and balance each other, prices of commodi.: 

ties are to a great extent regulated by the volume of money in circulation, an ample volume causing good prices and an inadequa.te volume 

lower prices. When money is abundant, property and commodities 

bring good prices, .and when money is scarce, property must be sacrificed in order to get it. The scarcer the money j.n circulation the more valuable it is and the more property and labor it will buy; that is, the 

lower the prices of property and the wages of labor. This is within 

the experience and knowledge of all men. A·destruction of one-half 

of the money of the world will leave to the other half the same purchasing power formerly possessed by the whole. · 

Of course it can not be stated accurately how much of gold and silver 

there is in the world, but it is estimated by the most eminent statisticians, who have explored all the avenues of information that there are thirteen thousand million dollars' worth of gold and silver, of which 

about seven thousand millions are coined and circulated as money, half 

of it being gold and the other half silver. The Director of the Mint 

in his annual report gives the production of gold and silver of the last 

calendar year of the world at $189,500,000, of which he says $99,500,000 

is gold and $90,000,000 silver. All the statistics, both as to the total amount of gold and silver in the 

world and the annual production of these metals for many years, show 

the two metals nearly equal iri. amount. It is safe to say that silver 

constitutes one-half of the metallic money of tb.e world. England, being a great creditor natiqn, in 1821 demonetized silver and established 

the single gold standard. The whole world was and is indebted to 

England. · Five hundred millions of dollars is estimated to be her an- nual income from her foreign investments and foreign trade. She desired dear money-that is, money with the greatest possible purchasing 

power-and made gold her only legal tender, so her debtors must pay 

her in gold. Germany, another great creditor nation, after she had ~nquered France and exacted the great war indemnity of$1,200,000,000 

in gold, in 1871 demonetized silver, impelled by the same reason which 

had prompted England. 

The bankers, capitalists, bondholders, and syndicates of England and 

Germany and the other European states which have followed their lead 

in demonetizing silver, and who mainly hold and own or control the enormous indebtedness due.J:>y all the world to tllese great creditor na- tions, were the movers and prompters and promoters of the policy of 

degrading and demonetizing silver-of course for the purpose of magnifying and increasing the value and purchasing power of the gold which 

they exacted from debtors. The passage of the act of February 12, .1873, 

taking away the right of free coinage of silver, and the adoption of the 

Revised Statut-es in June, 1874, by the Congress of the United States, 

taking away the legal-tender quality from the silver dollar, completed 

the demonetization of Sliver in this country and established the gold 

standard. No greater outrage was ever perpetrated under the forms 

oflaw than these enactments which demonetized silver. . The :first, so artfully embodied in a long bill of sixty-seven sections, 

that General Grant, then President, who:approved the bill, did not know 

of it, as is shown by his well-known letter to Mr. Cowdry, written seven months afterward, which I will not read here because every Senator has seen it, and the last contained in the Revised Statutes, which were enacted in bulk upon the assurance of the revising committee 

that no new matter had been inserted. The subject had not been discussed before the people or by the press, had not been depated in Congress, had not been considered by the country, and the people as well as the President who approved the bill, were utterly ignorant of what had 

been done for many months afterward. Had the people been aroused· to a know ledge of the fact in time this effort to despoil them would have 

been overwhelmed with defeat. When England demonetized silver 

the American silver dollar was worth 103 cents· in gold. · When Germany demonetized silver in 1871 the same dollar outvalued 

gold the same per cent., and when silver was fraudulently and surreptitiously demonetized in the United States in 18n it outvalued gold to 

about the same extent. It was not demonetiz(ld because it-was a cheap 

dollar or a dishonest dollar, as is alleged against it now, for it was worth more than gold. The great creditor nations, England and Germany, with the lesser European states which joined them in their 

policy, demonetized silver on a cold calculation that by destroying one half of the worlq's money the other half would be greatly increased 

in value, and the creditor section of this Union, where the great na- ,..., 

tiona! and other banks are, where the Government and other bondsState, railway, municipal, and corporation, and four-fifths oftbegold 

coin and other adive banking capital of this country are found-demonetized silver in the United States in 1873 on exactly the same sort 

of calculation. 

Bankers, bondholders, and capitalists dictated the demonetizing policy in Europe and in the United States alike and for the same reasons. The aim and purpose in Europe was to make prolit by oppressing foreign debtors and borrow~rs, while in the United States it was to profit 

by the oppression of our own countrymen, to make money scarcer and 

dearer, and compel the payment of principal and interest in the appl·eciated and enhanced coin. In the debate on the silver bill in 1878 Mr. 

Hereford, of West Virginia, in a speech in this. body, read an extract 

from a lecture delivered by Professor Sumner, of Yale College, before · the students of that institution a few days before, against remonetizing 

silver, in which the learned professor said: 

The indebted landholders would be the gainers. It is from the laborers and 

those receiving fixed incomes that the indebted land holders would derive a part of their advantage. It won't affect city landholders, only cotton and wheat growers would be the gainers. It would be a gain fQ,r the West and South at the expense of the East and North, and no gain to the national we~lth. 

The landholders alluded to by the distinguished professor are the 

great body of producers in the South and West. The people who raise 

''cotton and wheat" are the same who raise wool and corn and pork 

and beef and all the agricultural products which clothe and feed the 

people of this country, with a surplus to export which constitutes 80 per 

cent. of our exports and preserves the balance of. trade in our f<wor in 
630 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. JANUARY 13, 

spite of a, protective ta~ and brings from abroad the gold coin which 

swells the reserves in our bank and Treasury vaults. 

This utterance of Professor Sumner was not more frank than was the 

declaration of the Senator from Jrlassachu.setts [.1\lr. DAWES], who, in a speech in the Senate on the 13th of December, 1878, in opposition to 

the remonetization of silver, used this la.ngun.ge: 

I speak, sir, in behalf of the bondholders of Massachusetts, and I do not in so speaking speak for a handful of men in State street or a pln.toon of men in Wall 

street, but I speak for e>ery one man, wo~an, and child in three in the whole 

population ofthat State, who have $230,000,000 now invested in her savings banks 

and reinvested by those banks in these sccuritie~-

:Meaning United States bondsto a very large extent. 

These representati\e gentlemen disclose the true reason of the opposition to silver coin..'tge. Gold interest and principal on their bonds, 

the gold made more valuable by the demonetization of silver ll.Jld higher 

premiums accruing on the bonds~ a consequence of it, and theirvast 

banking and other ca h capital increased from 25 to 40 per cent. in 

purchasing power, in its command over the products oflabor-this is 

what this crusade against silver means. It matters not that not only 

the West and South, the people who raise cotton and wheat, but all the 

peop!e, North South, East, and West, who are debtors and borrowers, are to be saddled with an enormous addition to their debts; it matters 

not that the silver dollar has been a legal-tender coin from 1792 up to 

1 73, when it was secretly demonetized, ~is the money of the con:- tract under which the bonds were issued; it matters not that the Con titntion expressly recognizes both silver and gold as money and forbids 

the States to make any other a legal tender, the bonds must be increased in value; the premiums on themmustberun up; the vast banking capital must be magnified, enhanced, and increased in value and 

power; and sil'"cr, although it is the money of the great mass of the people, used in their daily transactions not only in the West and South, 

but in the East and North as well, must go, if it is in the power of or- ganized capital to destroy it. 

The people are satisfied with silver. There is no depreciation of the 

silver dollar; it pays debts as well as gold; it passes as current as gold; 

it buy p:ropertya.sreadilyas gold. Silver certificates are as good as' any 

bank notes, and are preferred to gold. The people desire no interference 

with it; it is a currency they are attached to. They have in every form 

iu which their wishes can be expressed declared their approval of silver. 

But the war against it goes on with increasing vigor. The fight against 

silver is a fight against the people. It is a fight of capital against producing labor. It is a contest between ·bonds and dolla.rs and banks on one side and American citizens on the other; betweengreedandavarice and cunning for more dollars, and men, women, and children for bread 

andmeat. · . Who are the aggre rs in this contest? Who demonetized silver in 

1 73 the dollar which had been the standard of value since 1792? 

Not the people, for they knew nothing of it. Their President {General 

Grant), did not hear of it until months after it bad been done, although 

he igned the bill through which it was accomplished. The people ro e in their might, and over the veto of the man who was in the Presidential office, by more than a two-thirds majority in both Houses of 

Comrress, .remonetized silver in 1878, and declared by the law of that da.t~ that the silver dollar should be a legal tender for all debts, public 

and private. It seems that under our form of government this ought 

to ha\e settled the question, but it did not. The same people, the same influences the same banking corponrtions that compassed the qemonetization of silver in 1873, and that by every means known to 

political warfare opposed the remonetization of silver in 1878, have 

from that time until this waged a fierce and unceasing war upon silver 

coinage, have degraded and dishonored the silver dollar in every con- ceivable way, and have to a great extent nullified the law of 1878. · The national banks, the fiscal agents of the Government, created for 

the convenience of the Government, holding their charte.rs by the grace 

of the Government, are the leade.rs, the chief inciters Md promoteTs of 

this war. These banks, as shown by the official reports of the Director of 

the Mint, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Comptroller of the 

Currency, have now hoarded 4n their vaults 250,130,471 in gold, out 

of a total of gold coin in the United States amounting to 542,174,636, 

being within a !'lmall fraction of one-half of all the gold in the country, 

while they hold only $11,978,833 of silver out of a total of$278,824,201, 

full tender and subsidiary together, now coined. They have the gold 

which is to be raised in value, and the Government and the people have 

the silver which they have degraded and are seeking to demonetize. 

In addition, these banks hold United States bonds amounting to 

$340,144,650, now paya,ble in coin, silver or gold or both, at the option 

of the Government, which, if silver is demonetized, must be paid principal and interest in gold. The loans and discounts of these banks 

which represent the debts due them from the people, n~w payable in 

siher as well as gold, but which if silver is demonetized will be payable only in gold, amounted, as reported by the Comptroller of the 

Currency, on the 1st day of October, 1885, to the enormous sum of 

1,301,155,304. The holdings by State and savings and other banks, 

all of which have generally made common cause with the national 

banks in the war on silver, of gold and bonds and the indebtedness of 

the people to them can not be definitely ascertained, but are believed 

to be greater than those of the national banks. 

These facts give some idea of the enormous stake at issue in this con· test, and ·of the reasons for the persistent aggre iveness with which it 

is waged by the opponents of silver coinage. The banks, being the ar- biters and controllers of the currency of the country, commenced the 

fight on silver in 1873 when the Sil\e.r dollar wns worth 103 cents in gold, 

:1Dd have, with the aid of the execnti ve department of the GoYernment, 

the whole power of which, withitsvastpatronage/from the beginning of 

this agitation has been used earnestly and zealously in co-operation with 

them, succeeded in discrediting silver through an exaltation of the value 

of gold. They call this depreciation of silver; I call it a forced rise in 

the value of gold, created and brought about by the joint action of the 

banks and the executive officers of the Government in boycotting the 

silver dollar, in contempt and defiance of the act of 1878 remonetizing 

silver, :1Dd the known and oft-expressed will of the people. 

If gold had been 'denounced from the White House and from the Treasury Department, and the banks had dishonored it and defamed it, ha.d 

conspired to degrade it, had excluded it from their clearance-houses, as has beendonewithsilver, who doubts that gold wouldhave been the 

cheapeT metal now? The reports of the Secretaries of the Treasury, 

of the Comptrollers of the Currency, and the Directors of the Mint, as well ns the messages of all the Presidents from 1878 to this time, so far as they relate to this subject, have been loaded with invective of 

the silver dollar, and framed with special reference to discrediting our silver currency. 

After their efforts ha\e been crowned with success, and gold has been 

exalted in value by their abuse of sil ve.r, we are called on to abolish the 

coinage of ..our siher dollar, berouse it is a cheap, depreciated, dishonest 

dollar. It was an honest dollar, and more than an honest dollar~ be- ca.use worth 103 cents in gold when the banks and bondholders brought 

about its demonetization in 1873. Five years after, in 1878, when we remonetized silver, although Germany had demonetized silver in 1871, 

and the United States, the leading silver-producing nation in the world, 

had followed in abandoning silver in 1873, thediscounton silver bullion was only 8 cents on the dollar. This was the discount when it seemed 

that all the great powers of the world were about to abandon silver. 

When this Government remonetizedsilverin1878, had thela.wbeenexecuted, had silver been paid out to the bondholders as the la.w required it 

should be paid as well as gold, had the executive officers of our Govern- · ment honestly and in good faith and with that loyalty to the will of the 

people as expressed on the statute-book whicbshouldcharacterizetheir 

every act sustained our silver coinage, had the national banks-the creat- ures and agents orthe governments-sustained it in good faith, as the 

banks and bondholders would have been compelled by self-interest to 

do if our executive officers had discharged their duty in paying out sil-

>;er to the public creditors, there is not a shadow of doubt but that 

silver would. have been as good as gold. . An Andrew Jackson in the White House at any time since 1878 to 

enforce the law, and take by the throat the combina,tionfo:rmedandin· 

spired for its nullification and defeat, would have settled this question, 

and the country would not have been vexed nor business depressed by 

this agitation. Half ~f the people in this country have been made to 

believe by o:fficial1·eports emanating fro!Jl the Trea.Sury Department that 

all the available space in our mints, our subtreasuries, and in our Treasury building in Washington is filled with useless silver dolla.rs, which can not begotten into circulation, and that the expenditure of 2,000,000 

per month for silver bullion to coin more of them is idle extravagance, 

and these reports ghe this l1S a reason for discontinuing the coinage of 

silver and relying on gold alone. They fail to:state the whole truth, 

for the offici.als ofthat Department know as well as anybody that there are in actual circulation among the people at least ten dollars of silver 

coin to one dollar of gold coin, ll.Jld that three-fourths of the silver dolla.rs 

in the Treasury are represented by silver certificates in active circulation 

among the people, maintaining the prices of property, the wages of labor, 

and doing good service as ready instrumentalities in the business and commerce of the country, and that the silver dollars in the Treasury, to 

the full amount of the silver certificates issued, must be kept there-are 

required by positive sta.tute to be kept there-for their redemJltion. 

The official report of the Director of the Mint shows on the 1st day 

of July, 1885, the total coinage of silver dollars to have been $203,884, -

381, and of this amount that 38,471,269 was in the banks and in general circulation among the people in actual coin, leaving in the Treasury 

165,413,112, and against this amount in the Treasury tha.t there were outst.ll.Jlding 5140,323,140 of sil\e.r certifirotes. These silver ce.I·tificates arc redeemable in silver dollars on demand, and of course the silver 

dollars must be kept in the Treasury to redeem them. It is true that on the date na,med $&,370,700 of th e silver certificates were in the 

Treasury, having been paid there in regular course of bn iness, but were 

there to be p:rid out as other moneys. are pa.id. These facts how that 

of all the il\er clollars coined all have gone into circulation, either in 

the actual coin or in silver certificates, which represent them, except 

$25,089,972. Why is this amount not in circulation? I answer by 

reading from the Treasurer' repor made at the beginning of this 

sion of Congr On page 14 he sn.yc: 

Tl.te issue of sib·el· ce.t·tificatc , by Tre!l u.ry offioerB in the South and West, for 
1886. .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 631 

gold coin deposited with the assistant treasurer at New York, under depnrtment:ll circular of September 18, 1880, was discontinued in January last (1885). 

The amount which had been issued in this manner to the date ·named was 

$801730,500. 

The gold coin was paid over the subtreasury counter, dollar for dollar, for these silyer certificates, whirh are redeemable only in silver 

dollars. These cheap, dishonest, discounted silver dollars, not worth 

so much as gold by 20 per cent., according to the reports of the Treasury Department, which cumber, as they tell us, tho Treasury >aults 

and can not be gotten into circulation, are there to rede.em these same silver certificates-which the people are glad to get dollar for dollar in 

exchange for the gold coin. If the practice- of allowing the people of 

theSouth and west·to give gold coin in exchange for silver certificates 

had not been discontinued on the 1st of Janm:uy, 1885, now more than one year ago, the ratio at which these exchanges had been made up to 

that time would have put in circulation among the people silver certificates covering a larger amount of silver dollars than are now in the 

Tre.:'lSnry unrepresented by outstanding silver certificates. 

The message of the President and the reports-from tho .i'.z.:;asury 

Dep:trtment express grave aJ!.Prehensions that the· Treasury will be 

depleted of its gold, yet here is a mode of replenishing the Treasury 

with gold and ~t the same time· of putting all the silver in circulation, 

through representative silver-certificates, preferred by the people to gold 

coin, which has been deliberately abandoned by the Treasury Department. Why was this done? Of course it was done to discredit silver, 

to prevent as far as possible the circulation of silver certificates. There 

could have been no other motive for-it. I read agniB..from the Treastrrer's report. On.page 24 he-says: 

The further issue of silver certificates should be discontinued, as being. both 

expensive and useless. · 

To the extent that the Treasn."Y Department ha~ the power to do it 

silver certificates havo been suppressed by a refns1:1l to accept gold coin 

for them, and thi<; recommendation refers to_the bwnnder which the· holders of silver doJlars may exchange them for silver certificates. The 

national bank circulation, according to the Comptroller's report, has decreased within the last-three years $48,000,144, and is still steadily de-: 

creasing; but he says on page 18_ofhisTeport: 

While the bank-note circnlation.of this couutry is steadily decreasing, there 

has been no reduction in the total _circulating-medium in the-United States, the 

reduction in the national-bank cm·rency outstanding baring been more than met by the coinage of the standard silver dollar ai!.d the issuai!.ce-ofcertificates 

thereon. 

Notwithstanding this admission, that the country has been saved 

from the ruinous ·conseq_uences of a heavy contraction of its currency 

by the national banks solely by our silver coinage and the issuance of 

silvex certificates, the official who makes the admiss~onjoins in swelling the chorus of ·au the offi.ce1'S of the Treasury Uepartment that silver 

coinage must cease and silver ceJ.·tificates must be suppnssed. 

Nor do they stop at-this, for the Secretary of. the Treasury, on page 15 

of his report, gravely informs us that our silver remonetizing. act of..1878 

and the act of :May 31,1878, which prevented the cancellation and destruction of, and preser.ved.as part of our circulating medium, the 346,-

000,000 ofU"nited States legal-tender notes so familiar to us as ''greenbacks," are two evils ''which are each a separate menace to the public 

tranquillity and inj nrious to the public morals and the public faith.'' 

Every form of money known to our people-silver dollars, silver cer- tificates, legal-tender-greenbacks or United States notes, except gold_ 

coin and national:bank. notes, .which are embomtely prai'3ed and defended-is denounced earnestly, unsparingTy, a.nd.fiercely in the reports 

from the Treasury Department. The meaning of this cannot be misunderstood-indeed, is openly avowed in these reports. NOtes issued by 

the national banks and withdrawn by them at their will and pleasure, 

with no responsibility to the public either in issuing or withdrawing 

them, are to. be our sole paper currency, and gold and the comparatively 

small amounts of silver already coined are to be our metallic currency 

hereafter, if the views of the executive department of the GoYernment· on this subject are tO prevail. - This is a. consummation for. which the 

national banks and the other holders of Goveniment bonds have long 

stmggled. A monopoly of the paper circulation of this country, which 

can be expanded or contracted at theirp~easure, is what they desire, and 

this meansabsolntedominionoverthepeople, their property and values. 

A deposit of Government bonds being the basis oftheir circulation, every 

holder of one of these, whether a stockholder in a national bank or not, 

is interested in extending this use of his securities, because it renders 

them more valuable :md increases the premium on them. 

I· make no war on holders of bonds, and will defend their right to be 

paid the uttermost farthiqg of the principal and interest of their securities according to the terms of the contract-thatiS, in silver and gold, 

or either, at the option of the Government-against assault from any 

quarter. I make no war upon national banks, because while I opposed their being rechartered, because I do not believe that the sover- eign power to furnish a paper currency should be delegated to any corporation, but that our paper currency should be issued by the Government, based on and redeemable in coin, yet the mw was passed, and their 

1ights under it I would protect as fully as any Senator would who voted 

to recharter them, but the people who hold the-bonds and own the banks are the aggressors in this contest. They are making war, in their own 

interest and for their own enrichment at the p_ublic expense, on the estab- lished currency and the established coinage of the people, and those of us who oppose them are simply maintaining as bestwemaythe rights 

and interests of the people under existing mw. The UnitedStateslegal-tendernotes, and the silver dollars, and their 

representatives, the silver certific,·"ttes, which the Secretary of the Treasury denounces as ''evils'' and each of them ''a separate menace to the 

public tranquillity and injurious to the publi~morals and the public 

faith,'' are the only barriers which stand between the people of· the 

United States and thegreed and avarice of the banks, and the end and 

aim of this agitation is to remoYe them. .ABlong as we have these 

forms of money, which are; beyond the power of the banks to suppress or withdraw as they can the notes issued by themselves, we have a safeguard against undue contraction of the volume of our circulation, a 

security against money "corners" and spoliation by Wall street 

sharpers, and they should never be surrendered. 

The people engaged in national banking are neither better nor worse than other people; they are simply a fair average of A!nerican citizenship. I will never by my vote intrust them or any other set of living 

men with the unrestrained power over the prosperity of the country 

and the property and valu~ and products of labor of the people which 

they would possess, if permitted to dictate the amount ~d character. of 

money to be circulated in this country and to contract or expand its 

volume at pleasure, as they will have if we abolish silver coinage. 

The President and Secretary of the Treasury, while urging the dc-

.monetization of silver, claim to be in favor of both a gold and silver circulation, but contend that the silver already coined is ample, and that more ofit·w:ill drive the gold out of the country. This is the old ar- gument most relied on and -most vehemently urged in the debate on 

this question in 1878 by those who opposed silver remonetization. It 

has been.. so effectually exploded and refuted by the experience of the 

country since that time that it iswonderful to see men of intelligence 

revamping and putting it into service ~o-ain. · Official reports plru:Jed the amount of gold in this country in 1878, 

when the-silver-coinage law was passed, at $244,353,390. The Director · of the Mint.reports on. the 1st day of July, 1885, the amount of gold. 

in the United States to be, bullion and coin, $609,021,731. Soinstead 

of silver remonetization driving gold out of the_ country as-predicted, 

the amount of gold in the country has -nearly trebled ... This is-a fact 

which no amount .of theorizing can.answer, and it is- a fact which utterly annihilites the old argnmentr againstr silver coinage. We coin 

only. $24,000,000 of silver--per annum, and the Director of the Mint re- ports the gold product of the mines of the United States at $38,800,000 

for the last fiscal year, and it was more the year before; and, besides, we have-the imports of gold to add to our stock of that-metal. 

The fact as shown by the statistics orr this subject is t.hat gold has 

accumulated in this country more rapidly since, the remonetization of 

silver than. it e:ver did before. The-silver coined into standard legaltender dolla-rs amounted on the 1st day of July, 1885, according to official re:Qorts, to S203, 884,381, and to this has-been..added $2,000,000 per 

month since. The-, balance of our silver coinage, amounting to about 

75,000,000, is debased below the standard, and is legal tender only-in 

amounts of $5. Excluding from the calculation the debased coinage, · 

the stock of silver which the President belie:ves-sufficientfor our purposes now amounts to some $215,000,000 of legal-tender nollars. General Grant in his letter to Mr. CowdryJ to whichi have before adverted, e~ressed the opinion that our people would in time hoa.rd away as much as two or three hundred millions of silver-lay it up in small. 

amounts, not in banks, but at home. Thereis-not even a gold standard 

country in Europe which· has not more silver in proportion to po~uln,­

tion than the President, though claiming to be a-bimetallist, is willing to have coined here, and not one of them that does not, as our offi.--

cialreports show, coin silver every year. GreatBrit.:1.incoined in.l884 

nearly one-third as much silver as she did gold, and in 1883 her silver 

coinage was only $600,000 less than her. gold coi..na@-the two being. 

nearly equal. 

If the developed, stationary, fossilized states. of Europe a.re com- pelled to coinsomesilverannually, even those of them which have the 

single gold standard, to meet increased demands there, what must be 

the necessities of this great conn-try in its grand march of progress and. 

improvement? The United States, if we had enougbforto-day, must 

provide an increased amount for increased population, increased com- merce, and increased industrial activities, certain to need it the next 

year, and so on. with each. recurring year, as this vast country and its 

teeming wealth is populated and develoi?ed. Our paper currency and our vast system of paper credits and exchanges, through which the great commerce and business of the- cotmtry are carried on, must rest on a gold and silver basis, and derive its efficacy solely from that support. 

The paper is worthless except as are~resentati ve of these metals, in which 

all of it is redeemable on demand. 

The growth of the country in population, commerce, and wealth de· 

mands a constant and automatic expansion of the volume of its paper, 

and of necessity of its gold and silver basis. If the metallic basis is 

too narrow; ruinous contraction of the volume of circUlation, if it is 

safeandredeeruable,results; pricesarethrowndown, businessparalyzed, 

and bankruptcy ensues. If the volume of paper is expanded on an in-

-
6!32 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. J.ANU.ARY 13, 

sufficient metalli c basis, distrust of its redeemability and want of con- fidence ensues, followed by panics, broken banks, and ruined fortunes. 

Adcmonetizationofsilver,exceptthelegal-tenderdollarsalreadycoined, 

will subject the country to a constant menace of these calamities, by 

narrowing the metallic basis of onr circulation. The gold product of 

the world, it is agTeed on all sides, is now and for several years has 

been declining, while increasing wealth and luxury are carrying· a larger 

proportion of it every year int~ consumption in the arts. 

The product of gold in the United States is by official reports 33! per · cent. of th~ annu..::tl product of the world, and this comes chiefly from 

the Pacific coast. I read from the last report of the Director of the Mint, 

to show the declining condition of its production there: 

The decline in the production of gold on the Pacific coast is shown by the con- tinued falling off in the deposits at the mint at San Francisco. The following 

table, exhibiting the deposits of gold bullion at that mint for a series of years, to- gether with their yearly dimunition ,shows the decrease in production to have 

been in the last four years $8,072,438.07. 

Fiscal years. Deposits. Decline yearly. 

1881 .. . . . ...... ......... ...... .. . ........ ....... ...... .... .... ....... ...... $28, 846, 898 04 ... .................. .. . 1882.... ... ............ ...... ............................. .......... ...... . 27' 724, 391 09 $1, 122, 506 95 1883 ....................... :.. .. ...... ............ .... ..... .... ............ 26, 4.99, 222 38 1, 225, 168 71 1884. ........................................................... ............ 23,4.17,94.816 3,081,274 22 1885 ........... ...... ............ .......................................... 20,774,4.59 97 2, 64.3, 4.88 19 

Total decline ........................ ...... ...... ...... .............................. 1 8, 072, 438 07 

The report of the Secretary of the Trec'lsury for 1884 says on this 

subject: 

The production of gold is diminishing, that of silver bas pmctically reached 

its maximum, and there are strong indications that from this time the yield of 

both gold and silver mines will speedily decline. 

By the reports of 1885 both gold and silver show a decline from last 

year. · 

Nobody denies the insufficiency of tbe _world's supply of gold as a basis for the paper circulation necessary to do the business of the world. 

Is it prudent, is it wise, is it just to labor, to debtors, to producers, in 

the face of these admitted facts, to discard one-half of our metallic cur- rency and take not the risk but the certainty of producing a contrac- tion of our volume of circulation which will enormously increase the 

purchasing power of gold, which is in the hands of comparatively a few 

capitalists, while it will reduce wages, paralyze busines~, lower the prices 

of. property, and add greatly to the burdens of debtors? The holders of 

gold and of bonds would reap a golden harvest, but to the great mass of 

the people who toil and produce and create the wealth of this country 

it would bring suffering and distress. 

The European powers which have demonetized silver are creditor na- tions; $5,250,000,000 were due England and Germany alone from foreign 

nations; but the United States is a debtor nation, and, besides, produces 

47 per cent. of all the silver annually produced in the world. They 

made money by demonetizing sil yer out of the foreign nations indebted 

to them, but both our Government and peo:Ple are heavily indebted 

both at home and abroad. 

By following the example of European states we destroy the value 

of our great silver mines, add vastly to the burden of our debts, public 

and private, and depreciate silver to such an extent as to com Del other 

nations no:w using silver also to abandon it and comJ)ete with us and 

other gold-standard nations in a struggle for the gold,. which is insuf- ficient now and declining in production. These are some of the conse- quences of th(} policy urged upon Congress by the bondholders, bankers, 

and gold-holders, who would be enriched, while all others -would be impoverished by it. 

The specter of an exclusively silver circulation so alarming to some has no terrors for me. Germany was a silver-standard country until 

her conquest of France. Russia and Austria' are now silver-standard 

countries. Silver was our standard of value from 1792 to 1873. Silver measures values t~ dayon three-fourths of the earth's territory and for 

nearly five-sixths of the population of the world. If our tariff is ever 1·educed so that our manufactured goods may find a foreign market, it 

is to China, Japan, Mexico, South and Central America, all silver-using 

countries, that they must go. 

But we are in no danger of being reduced to a silver basis, though I 

would welcome it in preference to a despotic domination by national 

hanks under the ~ingle gold standard, for the two go inseparably together, as we will see if silver is ever demonetized. If silver goes, the 

$346,000,000 oflegal-tender notes will also go, for the banks are as determined in their hostility to the latter as they are to silver, and if suc- cessful in demonetizing silver will be irresistible in their onslaught on 

the legal-tender notes. France is the thriftiest and most prosperous 

.nn,tion on earth. Her ablest financiers inform us that not less than six 

hundred, and some place it as high as nine hundred, millions of dollars 

of silver are in circulation in France, in harmony, and side by side, 

with her gold currency.·· Her silver, when reduced to dollars, contains 

15k grains of silver in its relation to gold, while our silver dollar con- tains 16 grains. Hers is a cheaper dollar, because it contains 3 per cent. 

less silycr, yet her silver money is not at a discount but on a parity with 

gold, nor does it drive the gold out of circulation, although England on one side and Germany on the other are gold-standard countries. 

The Bank of France, according to the report of the Comptroller for 

1884, ha,d in its vaults $205,837,867 of silver money, the balance of the 

silver of that country being in the hands of the people. The amount 

in the Bank of France is several millions more than had been coined in 

the United States of legal-tender-dollars up to the 1st of July, 1885, ·and lacks only ten or twelve millions of being as greatas all coined up 

to this hour. If France can absorb and circulate from six hundred to 

eight hundred millions of silver dollars, cheaper dollars than ours, at 

par with her gold, andinharmonywithit, withoutdrivingit out ofthe 

country or into hiding-places, ought we to be alarmed about the $215,-

000,000 of legal-tender dollars of silver we have in circulation? This 

country can absorb and circulate very much more silver than France, 

for in resources, population, territory, commerce, and industrial activity 

it is vastly greater. · 

The French Government sustainsitssilvercurrency, stands by it and 

holds it up, while the American Government wields its vast .power t~ 

depreciate and destroy American silver coinage. Give us the execu- tive vigor and good faith in upholding our silver coinage that is exerted 

in maintaining silver currency in France, and we will c4'culategreatly more silver than can be circulated in France, and that alongside of a good gold circulation. Our people prefer solvent, safe, redeemable paper to either gold or silver. Both of these metals are too cumbrous for 

convenience. The Government sa•es in the casual loss and destruc- . tion of paper money, which is clear profit, and in preserving these 

metals from loss by abrasion, the result of frequent handling, greatly . more thn.n the cost of building vaults to store them, and the silver dollaPS in the Treasury, kept there to redeem the silver certificates in circulation, are as much in circulation as if in the pockets of the people. 

The hue and cry raised by our Treasury officials agairistsil ver because 

it will not circulate is a false clamor. The fact that the people, against 

the best efforts of these officials to suppress silver certitica tes and their 

refusal to pay out silver to the public creditors, use them interchangeably with United "States notes and. national-bank notes, and freely ex- changed gold coin for them·dollar for dollar as long as the Government 

would permit it, proves conclusively that silver if represented by notes- of convenient size would circulate to an unlimited extent among them. 

The only mode in which gold is circulated is through bank notes of 

various and convenient amounts redeemable in coin. Why not circulate silver in the same mode? . Since 1878, now a period of about eight. years, we have coined the 

amount of legal-tender silver doll.'trs I have already stated, and at the same rate of coinage, that is, $2,000,000 per month, it will take fifteen 

years to raise our coinage to 575,000,000, which is less than the smallest 

amountclaimed byanybodyto betbesilvercirculationofFrance; and by 

that time, with our growth and improvement, we will need twoorthree 

times as much of that money as France has now. The truth is that the ·rate at w hicb we are now coining silver does not meet the annual demand 

for increased circulation, and with each year of increased growth and 

wealth and industrial extension the present rate of coinage will become more and more inadequate· and insufficient. The fears of the President 

that we will be plagued with too much silver seems to me to be utterly 

groundless; on the contrary, it is very reasonably to be feared that under 

existing laws we will not have enough. We can not afford to demonetize silver upon the theories of doctrinaires, however plausible they 

may be, when experience, that safest of all guides, both in this cotmtry 

and France, so thoroughly refutes them. 

Gold and silver are precious metals the world over, and have been so through all ages, and will continue to be, and silver as fully so as gold. 

These metals have in all ages been yielded by Mother Earth in qnan ti ties 

and proportions adapted to the wants and necessities of mankind. Natwithstanding the estimates of the aggregate of both metals in the world 

show equal proportions of gold and silver, it is a part of their history 

that their relation to each other has constantly been changing hy reason of the changing proportion of their production. .A.t one time gold has 

been produced largely; in excess and at another silver, but it has been the 

unvarying history of these metals that an excess of either has always 

been corrected by a corresponding production of the other in its turn, 

and that the supply of both bas kept pace with the growth ofpopu l:ttion, 

business, and commerce of the world. 

The flood of gold which was poured between 1851 and 1856 from tho 

mines of California, Australia, and Russia, estimated at $900,000,000, 

which caused a decline of 5 per cent. in that metal as compared with 

silver, and caused alarmists to advocate its demonetization as they now do of silver, as we all know has been corrected by the more recent discoveries of silver; and so it has been for all time. A law of nature seems t~ have joined these metals together, and to ha•e denied perfect efficacy to their functions as money except as co-operative force . Under the 

double standard they support eac.h other. If gold is scarce and higb, 

silver becomes more abundant; if silver disappears, gold flows into its 

place. The people who ha•e both to rely on can depend with absolute 

certainty on the presence at all times of one of them; a corne1· on both 

is imp()ssible. 

It is through this co-operative action of the two metals under the 

double standard that a sufficient circulation is assured for the demands 
1886. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 633 

of trade and commerce, for living wages to labor, for fair valuations in 

the transfers of property, and a safeguard is furnished as far as human 

wisdom can devise one against crises and panics and the loss and ruin 

they entail. Alexander Hamilton, in his report on the Mint in 1792, said: 

To annul the use of either of the two metals as money is to abridge the quantity 

of circulating medium, and is liable to all the objections which arise from a com- parison of the benefits of a full with the evils of a scant circulation. 

I make no apology, in view of the importance of the question, for 

reading some quotations I find grouped in a very able and comprehensive pamphlet on this subject by Judge Robert W. Hughes, of Virginia. 

He quotes M. Edward Cazalet, of Milan, a distinguished and very able 

Italian banker, who says: · 

It is computed that the total metallic circulation of the world amounts to f7,000,000,000, of which about 3,750,000,000 are gold, and .3,250,000,000 are silver. 

The whole of this mass of metal is now doing service as currencY, and to demonetize or eliminate either metal would involve a reduction of the circulation 

by about one-half. The half demonetized would be incalculaby depreciated' in 

value; the half which remained to do double service would be appreciated to an equal extent. Since the value of all articles of commerce is represented by the currency, the value of these articles must fall in proportion to the reduction in 

the volume of the currency, otherwise the moneyed currency could not possibly 

do the work which the two metals combined had previously performed. Thus, to settle a debt of SlOO it would be necessary to sell merchandise which under 

the double currency had .been valued at $200. The creditor would gain at the expense of the debtor. * * * As the currency of a country is the only legal tender which can be offered in payment or a debt, the debtor would have to pro- cure that currency from a circulation which had been suddenly contracted, and 

in proportion to this contraction the debtor would be a loser and tlle creditor a gainer. · When the enormous amount of international and national as well as personal indebtedness is considered, and when we bear in mind that this indebtedness would be well-nigh doubled by the demonetization of either gold or silver, 

it becomes clear that such an event would revolutionize the actual conditions of 

society, and be nothing short of a universal calamity. (SeeM. Caza.let's pam- phlet on bimetallism, pages 14, 15.) 

He also quotes from Sir Archib::.ld Alison's History of Europe the 

extract I now read. He says: 

The two greatest events which have occurred in the history of mankind have 

been directly brought about by a successive contraction or expansion of the 

circulating medium of society. The fall of the Roman Empire, so loug ascribed 

in ignorance, to slavery, heathenism, and moral corruption; was in reality 

brought about by a decline in the silver and gold mines of Spain and Greece. * * * And, as if Providence had int~nded to reveal in the clearest manner the influence of this mighty agent on human affairs the resurrection of mankind 

from the ruin which those causes had produced was owing to the directly op- posite set of agencies being put in operation. Columbus led the way in the career of renovation; when he spread his s.'\ils to cross the Atlantic be bore 

mankind and its fortunes in his bark. * ·* * The annual supply of the pre- cious metals for the use of the globe was tripled; before a century had expired 

the prices of every species of produce were quadrupled. The weight of debt 

and taxes insensibly wore off under the influence of that prodigious increase; 

in the renovation of industry the relations of society were changed; the weight 

of feudalism cast off; the rights of man established. Among the many eoncur- ring causes which conspired to bring about the mighty consummation, the most important, though hitherto the least observed, was the di co very of the 

mines of Mexico and Peru. 

Speaking of a later period, the historian says: 

If this circulating medium of the glohe had remained stationary, or declining, as it was from 1815 to 1859, from the efrect-s of South American revolution and Eng- lish legislationJ the necessary result must have been that it would have become 

altogether inaaequate to the wants of man; and not only would industry have 

been everywhere cramped, but the price of produce would have universally and 

constantly fallen. Money would every day have. become more valuable; all 

other articles measured in money less so; debt and taxes would have been con- stantly increasing in burden and oppression; the fate which crushed Rome in 

ancient, and has all but crushed Great Britain in modem times, would have beset 

that of the whole family of mankind. All these evils have been entirely obviated, and the opposite blessings introduced, by the opening of the great reserve treasures of nature in California and Australia. * * * Before half a century has elapsed the prices of every article will be tripled, enterprise proportionately 

encouraged, industry vivified, debts and taxes lessened. 

Sir Archibald wrote before 1873, says the author. 

Prefacing another quotation, the author proceeds: 

Unfortunately, the policy of England and Germany has brought about a con- dition of things the opposite of that thus described by the historian. By their 

scheme of demonetizing silver the condition ·of the world at present is the re- verse of that which was presented in the sixteenth century after the opening of 

the mines of Peru and Mexico, and in our own nineteenth century after the open- ing of those of California and Australia. M. Emile de Laveleye, in his Inter- national Bimetallism, page 41, says of this change: "What happened after the 

placers of California and Australia. sent their millions of gold to Europe? At 

first gold, accumulating in the banks, produced a severe fall ofinterestand a slight 

rise of prices. These two events, equally favorable to commerc and industry, 

excited all over the world Rn une.xampled activity. Enterprises of every kind 

everywhere started up. Thence resulted, first, a great demand for produce and a rise of prices; secondly, a great demand for capital and a rise in discounts. 

After 1873 we witna.<:Sed a worse phenomenon; silver is expelled, gold becomes scarce, prices fall; industry, losing money, lim.its its operation; the spirit of en- terprise .declines; capital, little demanded 1 becomes a glut; the rate of interest 

falls. The connection of cause :md effect lS as evident here as in the period of exp~nsion." 

The author then quotes from a distinguished German writer, M. Herr von Barr, who, after showing the direct loss to Germany from the depreciation of her silver coin, and the product of her silver mines, which 

he places at an enormous figure, from the demonetization of silver, says: 

This direct loss, important as it is, is nothing, however, compared with the inuh·ect loss resulting from the fall of prices. 

Himself a large land;0wner, he first speaks of agriculture: 

It is cruelly suffering from the reduced 'Value of all produce. The farmers are paying their rents irregularly, or not at all; their stock in trade has oflien to be 

distrained to recover arrears of rent. The land-owners are overwhelmed by 

mortgages. When at last, in order to extricate thoP:nselves, they try to sell their 

estates, they find no purchasers, or have to be satisfied with a price one-third 

below former estimates. The discouragement is universal. No more agricult- ural improvements are being effected; employment is, consequently,lacking; 

and there is great indigence. Hence that increasing emigration, for which special trains and steamers have to be arranged. It is a veritable exodns. What 

remedy for so much snffering? The agriculturists, perceiving at length the real canse of the evil, demand the abandonment of the gold standard. • • • The 

fact is strange, yet certain, that from this intense crisis has sprung that odions 

and inexplicable return to the intolerance of the Middle Ages, called the antisemitic movement, the Judenhetze (Jew hatred). The Jews~.. being large holders 

of the gold, whose power is unduly increased, are regardea by the populace as enriching themselves by the ruin of others. The capitalist, unhurt, even profits 

by the cheapness of enforced sales. 

All that this writer says is verified by information received through 

various sources from Germany, and is substantially corroborated by reports recently received from Germany through the State Department 

and submitted to Congress. If we are wise we will profit by the experi- ence of the world in dealing with this great question. Shall we add to 

the wealth of the already rich, and still further impoverish the poor 

by investing th~ dollar which ought to buy one bushel of wheat with 

power to buy two ? Shall we add one-third to the burden of our na- tional debt and to every dollar of our private indebtedness, so that one- third more cotton, wheat, corn. pork, beef, ore of minerals, and manu- factured goods, and one-third more of labor will be required to pay 

them? Shall we drive our people, by annulling silver as money and 

narrowing the coin basis of our paper circulation, and the consequent 

contraction of our currency, and the depreciation of the wages of labor 

and aJl the products of labor in consequence of the forced appreciation 

of money, to demand and clamor for an irr.edeemable paper circulation? Shall we close tho English, market to Western wheat and the 

lower grades of Southern cotton by so degrading and chea-pening silver 

that England may get it on her own terms to send to India to buy up 

India wheat aud India cotton, and thereby be enabled to pay the heavier 

cost of transportation f.rom Indb, which alone gives us now the English 

market? Shall we, by demonetizing silver, bend the necks of our people to the yoke of European policies, which enslave all the producing 

classes to the power of hoarded aud organized C...'l,pital in the hands of 

an arrogant aristocracy? If we desire to do these things we will demonetize silver; otherwise, we will not. 

Mr. President, in 1878 I advocated tlle free coinage of silver on the 

floor of the Senate, and am convinced now, as I was then, that in the 

free coinage of all silver of American production is to be fonnd the 

ultimate solution of the silver question. The seigniorage to the Government on our silver coinage is reported by the Director of the Mint as being over 18 per cent., and the net profit, after paying all the ex- penses of the mint for both gold and silver coinage, as we are informed by 

the report of that offi.cer,since the passag" 0f the act of 1878 is $25,338,-

3 9.97, while the coinage of gold is fr\! ~. This le.:,oi.slative discrimination against silver should not be on our stn.tute-book. It handicaps 

silver. The two metals should be .on the same plane and have the 

s..11me opportunities, and no burden placed on one not resting equally on the other. Our great aim is to have the two metals circulate at a parity, and to accomplish this one should not be put at a disadvantage 

in comparison with the other. We ha Ye adopted the English plan of 

minting silver, which is intended there to hold silver down and exalt 

gold, while we are supposed to be endeavoring to secnreequality of value 

in the two metals. 

I ask attention to an extract I wm read from Mr. Emcst Seyd on 

this aubject: 

The expenditure of the mint falls on the taxation; the expense for coining 

gold is consequently borne by all classes, although gold is used principally by 

the smaller number, the wealthier portions of the community. The mere as- ertion that the coining of gold is intended for the benefit of all classes does not, 

in face of the patent fact that the poor use it but rarely, meet the justice of the case. Jn England tl1e extreme injustice of this mat.ter becomes all the moro glaring when it is borne in mind that the British silver coinage, that upon which mm·e than three-quarters of the nation ~e dependent for their intercourse with 

each other, i<; cbarged with a heavy seigniorage of from8 t-o 10 per cent. , n. profit 

which serves the mint as a set-oft' against the free coinage of gold. Gold, it may be said, is coined in England grat-uit-ously for the higher classes at the cost of the lower classes, which deal in silver. Moreover, while tho coinage of gold 

is thus of full value, open and free to all, and the supply unrestricted within the 

natural boundaries of commerce, the silver coinage is debased; tho mint re- fuses to coin it for the public, it has but a. st-rictly limi.ted legal-tender value, and 

the amount in circulation thus becomes restricted within na1·row n.nd unnatuxal 

boundaries. 

Producing, as we do, within 3 per cent. of one-half of all the silver 

produced in the world, its admission to free coinage would withd.xaw 

from the markets of the world nearly or quite haJf of the silver bullion sold; and after deducting from our product that portion which goes 

intQ the arts, the addition to our stock of silver money would be only some ten or twelve millions per annum over and above our present 

coinage. This diminution of the stock of bullion on the market, 

coupled with the determination the adoptionofthis policy would show 

in our Government to maintain silver, would raise the value of bullion, 

would appreciate silver throughout the world, and strengthen the 

hands of tho e in Eurppe who are struggling to throw off the despotism 

of gold monometallism. 

The production of silver has already commenced to decline in the 

United States according to official reports, but at the present rate of production, with our mints thrown open to the free coinage of all the silver product of American mines, it would be ten yeaTs before our silver 

coinage would equal in amount the silver now in circulation in Franco 

at the lowest estimate made of it, and at the end of the decade it worud 

be seen that every do1lar of it would be needed. 
634 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J ANUARY 13, 

The only logical way of treating this question is, in my judgment, so far as the law can do it, to place American silver on an exact equality 

with gold at the mints, in the Treasury, the custom-houses, every- where and in every way. Whether right or wrong in my judgment as 

to free coinnoo-c, we certainly have a right to demand an enforcement of 

the law of 1878, and tha.t our executive officers shall no longer make war upon silver currency-that the national banks, which exist by permission and enjoy the franchises of the Government, shall no longer be 

permitted to discriminate against and boycott silver, and that silver shall 

b& paid out at the Treasury to the public creditors in common with 

gold. This Government owes no gold obligations except a few certificates for gold deposited. Its bonded. debt, every dollar of ib1 is pay-· able in gold and silver coin, or either, at the option of the Government. 

These bonds were originally payable in lawful money. Legal-tender 

notes are such money. Every legal-tender note has stamped upon its 

back these words: · 

This note is a. legal tender for all debts public and private except dutie on imports and interest on the public debt. 

The principal of the public debt was payab-le in these notes mo t 

clearly. The holders of the bonds, not satisfied to be paid as all other 

creditors were paid, besieged Congress until through their importunities the uct of March 18, 1869, "to strengthen the public credit," was 

passed. That act is in these words: 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United Slates of 

.America in Congress a~sembl~, That in 01;der to 1:emc;>ve any doubt a:; to th~ pur- pose of the Government to discharge all JUSt obligatiOns to the public credit<>rs, and to settle conflicting questions and interpretations of the Jaws by virtue of which such obligations have been contracted, it is hereby provided and declared that the faith ofthe United States is solemnlypledged to the payment in coin or its eq11ivalent of all the obligations of!the United State not bearing interest, 

known as United States note , and of all the interest-bea.ring obligations of th~ 

United States, except in cases-where the law authorizing the issue of any such obligation has expressly provided that the same may be paid in lawful money or other currency than gold and silver. But none of said int-erest-bearing obli- gations not already due shall be redeemed or paid before maturity nnless at such time United States notes shall be-convertible into coin at the option of the holder, or unless at such time bonds of the United States bearing a lower rate of i»tere t t.llan the bonds to be redeemed can be sold at par in coin. And the United States also solemnly pledges its faith to make provi ion at the earliest practicable period for the redemption of the United States notes in coin. 

Gold and silver coin is the currency in which the Government pledges 

itself to pay its public creditors by this act. The act of July 14, 1870, 

under which the public debt was refunded, pledges .payment in gold 

and silver coin of "the standard value of the United States" on that 

date. The silver dollar of 412~ grains of standard silver was the standarcl value of the United States at that time, and the legal-tender silver 

dollar of to-day contains 412~ grains of standard silver, and is exactly 

thedollardescribedin theact ofJulyl4,1870. Thebondsofthe United 

States, bought originally with paper money worth only 50 cents in the 

dollar in gold or silver and payable in legal-tender notes through the 

acts of Congress of 1869 and 1870 above referred. to, were made payable 

ingoldandsilvercoinof a specified standard. Having secured this pur- pose, the next step was to demonetizesil ver, take away its legal-tender chamcter, so that only gold coin, and that enhanced in value, would paythe bonds, and this was accomplished in 1873. . In 1878 t4e people, having become thoroughly aroused, brushed the 

bondholders and bankers aside and remonetized silver, and made the 

silver dollar of 412! grains a full tender for all debts, public and private, as it had been up to 1873, atnd at the same session of Congress, in order 

to remove all doubt as to the meaning of the movement then in progress 

to remonetize silver, both Houses by large majorities adopted the following concurrent resolution, which was introduced in the Senate by 

Hon. Stanley Matthews, of Ohio, then Senator, and now an as ociate 

justice of the Supreme Court of the United States: 

"nereas by the act entitled "An act to strengthen the public credit," ap- proved March 18, 1869, it was provided and declared that the faith of the United States was thereby solemnly pledged to the payment in coin, or its equivalent, of all the interest-bearing obligations of the United States, except in cases where the Jaw authorizing the issue of such obligations had expres ly provided that the same Iillght be paid in lawful money or other currency than gold and silver; and · "rhereas all the bonds of the United States authorized to be issued by the act entitled "An act to authorize the refunding of the national debt," approved 

July 14, 1870, by the terms of said act were declared to be redeemable in coin of the then present standard value, bearing interest payable semi-annually in such coin; and Whereas all bonds of the United States authorized to be issued under the act entitled "An net to provide for the resumption of specie payments," approved 

Janunry14, 1875, are required to beofthedescription of bonds of the United State described in the said act of Congress approved July 14, 1870, entitled "An act to authorize the refunding of the national debt;" and "\Vhereas at the date of the pas age of said act of Congress last aforesaid, to wit, the Uth day of July, 1870, the coin of the United States of standard value of that date included silver dollars of the weight of 412! grains e ch, declared by the act approved January 18,1837, entitled "An act supplementary to the act en- titled 'An act establishing amint.and regulating the coins of the United States.'" to be a legal tender of payment, according to their nominal value, for any sums whatever: Therefore, 

Resolved by the Senate (the Hou~c of .Representatives concuf'ring therei11), That all the bonds of the United States is ued, or authorized t<> be issued, under the said acts-ofCongre_ he1·einbefore recited are payable, principaland interest, at the option of the Govei"nment of the United States, in sil~er dollars, of the eoinage of the. United States;contruning412t grains each of standard silver; and that to t·estore to its coinage such silver coins as a legal tender in p:aymentof said bonds, 

principal and interest, is not in violation of the public faith, nor in dei"oga.tion of the rights of the public c1·editru·. 

Notwithstanding this record, and the additional fact that coin--gold 

and silver-received at the custom-houses has been dedicated by law to 

the payment of the interest on the public debt and the creation of a- sinking fund, and that brge amounts of silver dollars and silver cer-- tificates are paid in at the custom-houses, the holders of Government 

bonds decbre that honor and good faith require that they be paid in 

gOld, and the President expresses a gmve apprehension in his message 

that if the further coinage of silver is not suspended payments may 

have to be made on the public debt in sUver. . 

The claim that any obligation of any sort rests on the Government 

in law or morals, injustice, equity, or reason, to -pay these bonds in gold 

is utterly unfounded, and so proven to be byo. simple recital of the law 

and facts. No more preposterous claim was ever seriously made, much 

less considered, except one, and that is that silver should be demonetized, and t~at all the. ills and evils attendant upon that act should be 

borne by the people of the United States, in order to prevent some sil- ver from being paid to the holders of Government bonds. Nobody asks 

that tlie bonds be paid exclusively in silver, although the legal and 

moral right· of the Government to do it is perfect. But we do ask that 

silver be not discriminated against., that the law be not violated as it 

has been, that silver as well as gold be paid out to public cre-ditors, and 

that no more reports.be made from the Treasury Department that silver can nop be gotten into circulation, when in violation of the law the Department refuses to pay it out, and allows bonds which ought to be paid 

to remain outstanding, and keeps locked up in the Treasury vaults millions upon millions of dollars which ought to be in circulation relieving 

the d:iBtress of the people. 

If the laws of the land in relation to silver dollars and to the pn.yment of the public debt were enforced or obeyed there would neve1· 

be a silver dollar in the Trea ury unrepresented by an outstanding silver 

certificate, and there would be no more agitation in this country over the silver dollar, because the bankers and bondholders, who from motives of self-interest have fomented the disturbance, would be prompted 

by the same motives to maintain and prote~t it. This action on the 

part of the Government would be taken by the world as a declaration of an American policy, to be adhered to and maintained, and could not fail 

to encourage and strengthen throughout the world all who in behalf of 

the great mass of laborers and producers are struggling to prevent the 

dest,ruction of one-half of the money of the world . 

Mr. ALLISON. I move that the Senate proceed to the consideration 

of executive business. Jl.i'DICIAL SALARIES. 

1\fr. HOAR. I suppose the unfinished business should first be laid. 

before the Senate. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chairwilllaybefore the Senate 

the regular order. . 

The SECRETARY. A. bill (S. 6) fixing the salaries of 'the several 

judges of the United States district courts at 5,000per nnum~ and for 

other purposes. EXECUTIVE SES ION. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The enator from I owa move8 that the 

Senate proceed to the consideration of executive business. The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the consideration of executive business. After one hour and twenty minutes &pent. 

in executive session the doors were reopened, and (at 5 o'clock and 5 

minutes p. m.), the Senate adjourned. 

CONFiruiA.TIONS. 

Executive nmninations confinned by the Senate January 13, 1886. 

POST.M.A.STERS. 

John Foran, to be po tmaster at Lambertville, in the county of Hunterdon and State of New Jersey. 

Mary E. Simonson, to be postmaster at East Orange, in the county of 

Essex and State of New Jersey. Elijah T. E·ads, to be postmaster at Knoxville, in the county of Knox 

and State of Illinois. 

William Steiner, to be po tmaster at Oak Park, in the county of Cook 

and. State of illinois. • William D. Swail, to be postmaster at Belvidere, in the county of 

Boone and State of Illinois. David Ov~rman, to be postmaster at Marion, in tl1e county of Grant 

and State of Indiana. 

Benjamin F. Mackall, to be po tmaster at Moorhead, in the co.nnty 

of Clay and State of :Minnesota. . John L. Street, to be postmaste:r at Park City, in the county of Summit and State of Utah. Nelson Bruett, to be postmaster at Jefferson, in the county of J e.ft'erson and State of Wisconsin. 

HenryS. Howell, to be postmaster at Waterrown, in the county of 

Jefferson and State oCWisconsin. 

Joseph Brelsford, to be postmaster at Onarga, in the county of Iroquois and State of Illinoi . Erastus R. M:cKinney, to be postmaster at Lacon, in the county of 

Marshall and State of Illinois. · 
1886. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. - 635 

George E. Blackstone; to be postlna8ter at Paxton, in t~e county of 

Ford ood State of Illinois. 

J. S. Catherwood, to be postmaster at Hoopeston, in the co~ty of 

Vermillion and State of Illinois. . Michael W. Corbett, to be postmaster at Aurora, in the county of 

Kane, and State of lllinois. 

Martin Y. Daggett, to be postmaster at Tuscola in the county of 

Douglas and State of Illinois. · Jobu Hartley, to be postmaster at Henry, in the county of l\Ia1.'Shall 

and State of Illinois. 

J o eph F. Henderson, to be postmaster at Aledo, in the county of Mercer and State of Illinois. · William S. Hervey to be postmaster at Carlyle, in the county of Clinton and State of Illinois. 

William H. Newcomb, to be postmaster at Pana, in the county of 

Christian and State of Illinois. 

John D. Stevens, to be postmaster at Carthage, in the county of Hancock and State of Illinois. • Henry F . Tallman, to be postmaster at Lanark, in the county of Carroll and State of Illinois. 

Joseph Vonnahme, to be postmaster at East Saint Louis, in the 

county of Saint Clair and State of Illinois. 

George K. Yerington, to be postmaster at Girard, in the county of 

Macoupin and State of Illinois. · E. Volney Bingham, to be postmaster at 1\fishawalm, in the county 

of Saint Joseph and State of Indiana. 

'rhomas J. Semans, to be postmaster at Wabash, in the county of 

Wabash and State of Indiana. 

James E. Pinnell, t9 be postmaster at Lebanon, in the county of 

Boone and State of Indiana. 

John W. Pence, to be postmaster at Anderson, in the county of 1\Iadison and State of Indiana. 

John O'Donn~ll, to be postmaster at Mitchell, in the county of Lawrence and State of Indiana. 

Mrs. Julia Loer, to be postma$ter at New Castle,_in the county of 

Henry and State of Indiana. 

Francisl\I. Householder, to be postmaster at Noblesville, in the county 

of Hamilton and State of Indiana. · Morman Fisher, to be postmaster at Huntingburg, in the county of 

Dubois a.nd State of Indiana. 

.A. B. Crampton, to be postmaster at Delphi, in the county of Carroll 

· and Sta.te of Indiana. 

George W. Cooper, to be postmooter at Columbus, in the county of 

Bartholomew o.nd State of Indiana. · James C. Carlton, to be postmaster at Bedford, in the county of Lawrence and State of Indiana. 

Benjamin P. Brown, to be postmaster at Franklin, in the county of 

Johnson and State of Indiana. 

A. D. Tinsley, to be postmaster at Sibley, in the county of Osceola 

and State of Iowa. 

Alexander McKennon, to be postmaster at Crookston, in the county 

of Polk and State of Minnesota. 

J obn R. Parshall, to be postmaster at Faribault, in the county of Rice 

and State of Minnesota. · · 

Charles J. Strunk, to be postmaster at ~opee, in the county of 

Scott and State of Minnesota. 

William Brown, to be postmaster :·.t- La:!:3 Geneva, in the county of 

Walworth and State of Wisconsin. 

Horatio N. Cronkrite, to be postmaster at Clinton, in the county of 

Rock and State of Wisconsin. 

D. A. Snlliva.n, to be postmaster at Spring Valley, in the county of 

Fillmore and State of Minnesota. 

Edward Van De Casteele, to be postmaster at De Pere, in the county 

of Brown unCL.State of Wisconsin. 

R. P. Hitchcock, to be postm~er at Tomah, in the county ofl\Ionroe and State of Wisconsin. 

Peter McCamley, to be postmaster at Grand Rapids, in the county of 

Wood and State of Wisconsin. 

Adolph Piening, to be postmaster at Manitowoc, in the county of 

Manitowoc and State of Wisconsin. 

Curtis Reed, to be postmaster at :r,renasha,,_ in the county of Wmnebago and State of Wisconsin. 

Harvey :rtf. Brown, to be postmaster at Columbus, in the county of 

Columbia and State of Wisconsin. 

Willis S. Grimes, to be postmaster at Batavia, in the county of Kane 

and State of Illinois: 

Charles Kelley, to be postmaster at Effingham, in the county of Effingham and State of Illinois. 

William A. Mefum, to be postmaster at Mason City, in the county 

of Mason and State of Illinois. 

Sidney B. Stout, to be postmaster at Vandalia, in the county of Fayette and State of Illinois. 

Henry Sharer, to be postmaster ut Mount Uorris, in the county of 

Ogle and State of lllinois. . George E. Young, to be postmaster at. Amboy, in the county of Lee 

v.nd State of lllinois. 

. James V. N. Sonn, to be postmaster at Evansville, in the county of 

Rock and State of Wisconsin. 

J o eph Dunham, to be postmaster at Geneseo, in the county of Henry 

and State of Illinois. 

Daniel W. Gould, to be postmaster ut Moline, in the county of Rock 

Island and State of Illinois. · Denis Ea.ga1;1, to be postmaster at Liberty, in the county of Union and 

State of Indiana. 

Robert McNeil, to be po tmaster at Rock Falls, in the county of 

Whitesides and State of Illinois. 

John· R. Smith, to be postmaster at Kendallville, in the county of 

Noble and State of Indiana. 

Francis Baasen, to be postmaster atN ew Ulm, in the county of Brown 

and State of Minnesota. 

William C. Browe, to be postmaster at Salt. Lake City, in the county 

of Salt Lake and Territory of Utah. 

George L. Phillips, to be postmaster at Bethany, in the county of 

Harrison and State of Missouri. 

William A. Wjght, to be postmaster at Moberly, in the county of 

Randolph and State of l\Iis ourL 

A. P. Cramer, to be po tmast-er at A>oca, in the county ofPottaV\llttamie a.nd State of Iowa. 

l\Iarie Hollin!!:Sworth, to be postmaster at Sil >erton, in the county of 

San Juan and State of Colorado. 

G. G. Sha.>er, to be postmaster of Cafion City, in the county of Fremont and State of Colorado. 

William R. Crockett to be po tmaster at Ne>ada, in the county of 

Vernon and State of Missouri. 

N. A. Wade, .to be postmaster at Butler, in the county of BRte and 

State of Missouri. 

James S. 1\IcGee, to be po tma ter at Pari 1 in the county of Monroe 

and State of Missouri. 

William H. Pipkin, to be postmaster at Springfield, in the county of 

Greene and State of Missouri. 

George M. Houston, to be postmaster at Harrisomille, in the county 

of Cass.and State of Missouri. 

Eli Hodge, .to be postmaster at Columbia, in the county of Boone and· State of" MissourL · 

Charles W. Huggin , to be postmaster at Lamar, in th.e county of 

Barton and State of Mi ouri. 

William H. Miller, to be postmaster at Meriden, in the county of 

New Ha>en and State of Connecticut. 

James H. Covington, to be postmaster at East{)n, in the county of 

Talbot and State of Maryland. 

R. R. Dashiell, to be postmaster at Jackson, in the county of Madison and State of Tennessee. 

Henry H. Gilpin, to be postmaster at Elkton, in the county of Cecil 

and State. of Maryland. 

Joseph N. Bell, to be postmaster at Shelbyville, in the county of 

Shelby and State of Kentucky. 

I. Parker Veazey, to be postmaster at Baltimore, in the county of 

Baltimore and State of Mary land. 

Alonzo L. Barry, to be postmaster at Port Depo it, in the county of 

Cecil and State of :Maryland. 

John C. Evans, to be postmaster at Saint Joseph, in the county of 

Buchanan and State of Missouri. 

Samuel T. Bassett, to be postmaster at Richmond, in the county of 

Ray and State of Missouri 

C. S. Clark, to be po tmaster at Tomb tone, in the county of Cochise 

and Territory of Arizona. 

A. W. Weisbrod, to be postmaster atOshko h, in thecountyofWinnebago and tate of Wisconsin. 

James E. Shepard, to be postmaster at Brenham, in the county of 

Washington.and State ofTexa.s. 

l\Irs. L. S. McPherson, to be postinn.ster at Sherman, in the county 

of Grayson and SLate of Texas. 

Julii:m Feild, to be postmaster at Fort 'Vorth, in the county of Tarrant and State of Texas. · 

Joseph Osthelder, to be-postmaster at Sheboygan Falls, in the county 

of Sheboygan and State of Wisconsin. 

R. L. J emmings, to be postmaster at Marshall, in the county of Harrison and State of Texa . 

Camille l\follere, to be po tmaster at Donaldsonville, in the county of 

Ascension- and State of Louisiana. 

Andrew J. Hill, to be postmaster at Hot Springs, in the county of 

Garland and State of Arkansas. 

N. B. Johnson, to be postmaster at Weatherford, in tbe county of 

Parke1· and State of Texas. 

Franklin D. Denton, to be po tmaster at Batesville, . in the county 

of Independence and State of Arkansa . Thomas W. Newton, to be postmaster at. Little Rock, in the county 

of Pulaski and State of Arkun8a . 

Andrew J. Ward, to be postmaster at Be:mmont, in the county of 

Jefferson ami State of Texas. 

John Snoddy, to be postmaster at Big pring, in the county of Howard and State of Texas. 
636 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 13, 

John 0. Johnson, to be postmaster. at Austin, in the county of Travis 

and State of Texas. 

Fidelia Kilgore, to be postmaster at Longview, in the county of Gregg 

and State of Texas. 

E. P. Rutherford, to be postmaster at Clarksville, in the county of 

Red River and State of Texas. 

R. E. Harris, to be postmaster at San Angelo, in the county of Tom 

Green and State of Texas. 

George A. Giddings, to be postmaster at Wichita Falls, in the county 

of Wichita and State of Texas. 

C. A. Gildea, to be postmaster at Brackettsville, in the county of 

Kinney and State of Texas. 

John W. Duncan, to be postmaster at Bonham, in the county of Fannin and State of Texas. 

Willis H. Bates, to be postmaster at Denton, in the eounty of Denton 

and State of Texas. 

Robert Burns, to be postmaster at Houston, in the county of Harris 

and State of Texas. 

Tranquilino Labadie, to be postmaster at Ln.s Vegas, in the county 

ofSan Miguel and Territory of New Mexico. · William A. Walker, to be postmaster at Albuquerque, in the county 

of Bernalillo and Territory of New Mexico. 

Carmelite C. Guilfonx, to be postmaBter at New Iberia, in the COl,lllty 

of Iberia and State of Louisiana. 

Isaiah Garrett, to be postmaster at Monroe. in the county of Ouachita 

and State of Louisiana. . William N. Martin, to be postmaster at Muscogee, in the county of 

Creek Nation and Indian Territory. 

Richard B. Pulliam, to be postmaster atEnrekn. Springs, in the county 

of Carroll and State of Arkansas. • Ethan Wait, to be postmaster at Kingman, in the county of King- man and State of Kansas. 

George C. Rembaugh, to be postmaster at Winfield, in the ~ounty of 

Cowley and State of Kansas. 

B. J. Sheridan, to be postmaster at Pn.ob, in the county of Miami 

and State of Kansas. 

Cyrus A. Rieder, to be postmaster at Anthony, iJ:l the county ?f Harper and State ofKansas. · Thomas A. McCleary; to be postmaster at Medicine Lodge, in the 

county of Barber and State of Kansas. 

J. A. Mantey, to be postmaster n.t Mound City, in the county of Linn 

and State of Kansas. 

R. E. Lawrenson, to be postmaster at Junction City, in the county 

of Davis and State of Kansas. 

J. P. DeJarnette, to be postmaster at Chetopa, in the county of Labette and State of Kansas. 

Hugh_V. Gavigan, to be postmaster at Columbus, in the county of 

Cherokee and State of Kansas, in the place of Matthew W. Coulter, 

resigned. Samuel T. Carrico, to be postmn.ster at Harper, in the county of Harper and State of Kansas. 

Colin Campbell, to be postmaster at Florence, in the county of Marion and State of Kansas. 

William C. Butts, to be postmaster at Valley Falls, in the county of 

Jefferson and State of Kansas. 

Hattie P. Bain, to be postmaster at Great Bend, in the county of 

Barton and State of Kansas. 

Max J. Ahvens, to be postmaster at Belleville, in the county of Republic and State of Kansas. 

John F. Cottrell, to be postmaster at Fort Scott, in the county of 

Bourbon and State of Kansas. 

Benjamin F. Devore, to be postmaster at Independence, in the county 

of Montgomery and State of Kansas. 

Frank W. Frye, to be postmaste:r: at Parsons, in the county of Ln.-

bette and State of Kansas. 

Edward H. Thayer, to be postmaster at Clinton, in {he county of 

Clinton and State of Iowa. · Parley Sheldon, to be postmaster at Ames, in the county of Storey 

and State of Iowa. 

P. D, Minick, to be postmaster at Villisca, in the county of Montgomery and State of Iowa. 

Charles E. Bronson, to be postmaster n.t Manchester, in the county 

of Delaware and State of Iowa. 

J. W. Sherman, to be postmaster at Osceob, in the county of Clarke 

and State of Iowa. 

L. H. Edwards, to be postmaster at Waterloo, in the county of Black 

Hawk and State of Iowa. 

Henry Williams, to be postmaster at Frederick, in the county of 

Frederick and.State of Maryland. 

Lewis S. Fowler, to be postmaster at Chestertown, in the county of 

Kent and State of Maryland Daniel C. Hopper, to be postmaster at Centreville, in the county of 

Queen Anne and State of Maryland. Samuel D. Garth, to be postmaster at Clinton, in the county of Henry 

and State of Missouri. 

William Groesbeeck, to be postmaster at Independence, in the county 

of Jackson and State of Missouri. 

Hpratio S. Herbert, to be postmaster at R~ll3., in the coU:ntY of Phelps 

and State of Missouri. • Thomas H. Frame, to be postmaster at Liberty, in the cou.!lty of Clay 

and State of 1\Iissouri. 

Chauncey W. Freeman, to be postmaster at Brookfield, in the county 

of Linn and State of Missouri. 

Putnam S. Fulkerson, t9 be postmaster at Lexington, in the county 

of La Fayette and State of Missouri. 

Sanford L. Sturtevant, to be postmaster at Fullerten, in the· county 

of Nance and State of Nebraska.. 

George H. Tracy, to be postmas~er at Wilbur, in the county of Saline and State of Nebraska. 

Simeon Sawyer, to be postmaster at Fairmont, in the county of Fill- more and State of Nebraska. 

Alonzo P. Sharp, to be postmaster at McC<Jok, in the county of Red 

Willow and State of Nebraska. 

George J. Spohn, to be postmaster at Superior, in the county of Nuckolls and State of Nebraska. · AI vin S. :Marsh, to be postmaster at Red Cloud, in the county of Webster and State of Nebraska. 

James Murray1 to be 'postmaster at Fremont, in the county of Dodge 

and State of Nebraska. 

JohnS. Kittle, to be postmaster at Seward, in the county of Seward 

and State'of Nebraska. 

Ed_ward H. Krier, to be postmaster at Plum Creek, in the county of 

Dawson and State of Nebraska. 

Forrest L. Wheedon, to be postmaster at York, in the county ofYork . and State of N ebra..cUr.a. 

F. E. Wilson, to be postmaster at David City, iD. the county of Butler 

and State of Nebraska. 

S. Corning Judd, to be postmaster at Chicago, in the county of Cook 

and State of lllinois. · Albert Watkins, to be postmaster at Lincoln, in the county of Lancaster and State of Nebraska. 

Edward T. Best, to be postmaster n.t Neligh, in the county of Antelope and State of Nebraska. 

Jolin A. Frawley, to be postmaster at Stormsburg, in the county of 

Polk and State of Nebraska. 

Miss Caradora Clark, to be postmaster at Blair, in the county of Wash- . ington and State of Nebraska. - Henry 0. Goodrich, to be postmaster at Jerseyville, in the conn ty of 

Jersey and State of illinois. 

Charles I. Haskell, to be postmaster at Virginia, in the county of Cass 

and State of Illinois. 

DISTRWT COIDIISSIONER. 

William B. Webb, of Washington, D. C., to be a commissioner of· the District of Columbia. 

COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE. 

William A. Beach, of New York, to be collector of internal revenue for the twenty-first district of New York. , Alexander Troup, of Connecticut, to be collector of internal revenue for the district of Connecticut. 

FIRST AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY. 

James Q. Chenoweth, of Texas, to be First Auditor of the Treasury. 

ASSISTANT ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

Robert A. Howard, of ArkansasJ to be Assistant Attorney-General. 

DEPUTY SECOND COMPTROLLER OF THE TREAStrnY. 

Richard R. McMahon, of West Virginia, to be deputy second comptroller of the Treasury. 

DEPUTY THIRD AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY. 

William H. Welsh, of Maryland, to be deputy third auditor of the , Treasru·y. 

EXAMINER OF CI~. 1 

Francis Wharton, of PeD:DSylvania, to be examiner of claims for the 

Department of Sta.te. 

UNITED STATES ATTORNEY. 

William C. Perry, of Kansas, to be attorney of the United Sta.tes for 

the district of Kansas. 

George N. Baxter, of Minnesota, to be attorney of the United States 

for the district of Minnesota. 

PENSION AGENTS. 

Don Carlos Buell, of Kentucky, to be pension agent at Louisville, Ky. 

Charles A. 7.ollinger, of Fort Wayne, Ind., to be pension agent at 

Indianapolis, Ind. 

Franz Sigel, of New York city, to be pe.J?.Sion agent at New York 

city, State of New York. L.~DIAN AGENTS. 

Jesse Lee Hall, of LaSalle County, Texas, to be agent for the Indians 

of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Wachita agency, in the Indian Territory. 

E. L. Carson, Qf Abilene, Taylor County, Texas, to be agent for the .Indians ofthe Ouray agency, in Utah. 

Moses Neal, of Humboldt, Kans.,. to be agent for the Indians of the 

Sac and Fox: agency, in the Indian Territory. 
1886. CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-SENATE. 637 

REGISTERS OF THE LANp OFFICE. 

Clate M. Ra.lstin, of Independence, Kans., to be register of the land 

office at Independence, Kans. 

Nathaniel H. Harris, ofVicksburg, Miss., to be register of the land 

office at Aberdeen, Dalr. 

James D. Stewart, of Jackson, Miss., to be register of the land office 

at Jackson, Miss. · 

Robert V. Yeakle, of Little Rock, Ark., to be Tegister of the land office at.Little Rock, Ark. 

James R. De Remer, of Pueblo, Colo., to be register of the land office at Leadville, Colo. . 

RECEIVERS OF PUBLIC MONEYS. 

William C. Jordan, of Midway, Bullock County, Alabama, to be re- ceiver of public moneys at Montgomery, Ala. 

Samuel Thanll,ouser, of Newton, Kans., to be receiver of public 

moneys at Garden City, Kans. · William R. Edgar, of Ironto:1, Mo., to be receiver of pnbfic moneys 

at Ironton, Mo. . . 

Hugh C. Wallace, of Salt Lake City, Utah, to be receiver of public 

moneys at Salt Lake City, Utah. 

HenryM. Bickel, of McPherson, Kans., to bereceiverofpublicmoneys 

at Larned, Kans. 

AndrewQuindley, ofLittle];?.ock, Ark., to bereceiverofpublicmoneys 

at Little Rock, .Ark. 

Alfred L. King, of Harrison, Ark., to be receiver of public moneys at 

Harrison, Ark. · · 

Tully Scott, of Beloit, Kans., to ··be receiver of public moneys at 

Oberlin, Kans. 

Samuel L. Gilbert, of Winfield, Kans., to be receiver of public moneys 

at Wichita, Kans. . . 

MABsH.A.LS OF THE UNITED STATES. 

John W. Nelms, of Georgia, to be marshal of the United States for 

the northern district of Georgia. 

Martin T. McMahon, ofNewYork, to be marshal of the United States 

for the southern district of New York. 

Albert A. Wilson, of the District of Columbia, to be marshal of the 

United States for the District of Columbia. 

CHIEF OF BUREAU OF NAVIGATION. 

Capt. J olln G. Walker, a resident of Iowa., to be chief of the Bureau 

of Navigation in the Department of the Navy, with the relative rank 

of commodor~. 

CHTI:F OF OHDNANCE BUREAU. 

Capt. Montgomery Sicard, a resident of New York, to be chief of the 

Bureau of Ordnance in the Department of the Navy, with the relative 

rank of commodore. 

REAR-ADMIRALS IN THE N.A VY. 

Commodore Stephen B. Luce, a resident of the District of cOlumbia 

to be a rear-admiral in the Navy, from the 5th October, 1885. ' 

Commodore John Lee Davis, a resident of the District of Columbia 

to be a rear-admiral in the Navy, from the 30th October, 1885. ' 

CO!\lMODORES. 

Capt. ~eorge E. Belknap, a resident of New Hampshire, to be a com- modore m the Navy, from the 2d June, 1885. 

Capt. David B. Harmony, a resident of Pennsylvania to lJe a com- modore in the Navy, from the 23d September, 1885. ' 

Capt . .Andrew E. K. Benham, a resident of New York to be a com- modore in the Navy, from the 30th October, 1885. ' 

NAVAL C.A.PTA:rnS. 

Commander Albert Kautz, a resident of Ohio, to be a captain in the 

Navy, from the 2d June, 1885. 

Commander Alfred T. l\1ahan, a resident of New York to be a captain in the Navy, from the 23d September, 1885. ' 

Commander George C. Remey, a resident of Iowa, to be a captain in 

the Navy, from the 30th October, 1885. 

NAVAL CO::UM.A...t..'\DE.RS. 

Lieut. Commander Benjamin P. Lamberton, a resident of Pennsyl- van~a, to be a commander in the Navy; from the 2d June, 1885. 

L1eut. Commander John Schouler, resident of Massachusetts to be a commander in the Navy, from the 8th June, 1885. ' 

Lieut. Commander Francis W. Dickins, a resident of Connecticut to 

be a. commander in the Navy, from tJ;te 23d September, 1885. ' 

Lieut. Commander George F. F. Wilde, a resident of Massachusetts, 

to b~ a commander in the Navy, from the 2d October, 1885. 

Lieut. Commander Charles H. Dav-is, a resident of Massachusetts to 

be a commander in the Navy, from the 30th October, 1885. ' 

NAVAL LIEUTEN ANT-COAIMANDERS. 

Lieut. William W. Reisinger, a resident of the Distlict of Columbi3 

to be a lieutenant-commander in the Navy, from the 2d of June 1885: 

Lieu! .. Robert E. Impcy, a resident of Ohio, .to be a lieutenani-coinmande:nn the Navy, from the 1st October, 1882, to :fill an existing va- cancy :m that grade. 

• 

Lieut. John C. Rich, a resident of Pennsylvania, to be lieutenant· 

commander in the Navy, from the 8th June, 1885. 

Lieut. William T. Burwell, a. residentofNewYork, to be lieutenant;.. 

commander in the Navy, from the 23d September, 1885. . Lieut. John J. Hunker, a resident of Ohio, to be a lieutenant-com· 

mander in the Navy, from the 2d October, 1885. 

Lieut. Franklin Hanford, a resident of New York, to be a lieutenant;.. 

commander in the Navy, from the 30th October, 1885. 

NA V. '.L LIEUTENANTS. 

Lieut. Robert H. McLean, junior grade, a resident of New York, to 

be a lieutenant in the Navy, from the 13th July, 1884. 

Lieut. Oren E. Lasher, junior grade, a resident of New York, to be a lieutenant in the Navy, from the 2d March, 1885. 

Lieut. HowardS. Waring, junior grade, a resident of Missouri, to be a lieutenant in the Navy, from the 2d June, 1885. 

Lieut. Frank E. Sawyer, junior grade, a resident of Massachusetts, 

tQ be a lieutenant in the Navy, from the 16th June, 1885. 

Lieut. Milton K. Schwenk, junior grade, a resident of Pennsylvania, 

to be a lieutenant in the Navy, from the 31st July, 1885. 

Lieut. William H. Schuetze, junior grade, a resident of Missouri, to 

be a lieutenant in the Navy, from the 2d October, 1885. 

Lieut ... Thomas B. Howard, junior grade, a resident pf illinois, to be a lieutenant in the Navy, from the 7th November, 1885. ~nsign Charles C. Rogers, a resident of Tennessee, to be a lieutenant, 

junior grade, in the Navy, from the 2d J'nne, 1885. 

Ensign John T. Newton, a resident of New York, to be a lieutenant, 

junior grade, in the Navy, from the 16th June, 1885. 

Ensign Waldemar D. Rose, a resident of California, to be a lieutenant, 

junior grade, in the Navy, from the 2d August, 1885. 

Ensign Charles F. Pond, a resident of Connecticut, to be a lieutenant, 

junior grade, in the Navy, from the 2d October, 1885. 

ENSIGNS. 

Naval Cadets S. Dana Greene, a. resident of Rhode Island; Samuel W. · Armistead, a resident of Virginia; George W. Street, a resident of Wis· 

consin; Charles P. Eaton, a resident of Wisconsin; John M. Elliott, a resident of Maryland; John B. Jackson, a resident of New Jersey; 

Charles E. Smeeting, a resident of New York; Benjamin F. Thurston, a resident of Indiana; Harry George, a resident of Michigan; Frederick 

L. Chapm, a resident of illinois, and Harry A. Field, a resident of Massachusetts-all graduates of the Naval Academy-to be ensigns in the 

Navy, from the 1st July, 1885, to :fill vaeancies. 

NAVAL CHIEF ENGINEEllS. 

Passed Assistant Engineer George W. Hall, a resident of New York, 

to be a chief engineer in the Navy, from the 15th February, 1885. - Passed Assistant Engineer John A. Scot, a resident of Pennsylvania, 

to be a chief engineer in the Navy, from the 6th July, 1885. 

Passed Assistant Engineer John L. D. Borthwick, a resident of Pennsylvania, to be a chief engineer in the Navy, from the 7th September, 

1885. 

Passed Assistant Engineer William L. Nicoll, a resident of N·ew York, 

to be a .chief engineer in the Navy, from the 17th October, 1885. 

PASSED ASSISTANT ENGINEERS. 

Assistant ::..:ngineer Frank H. Bailey, a resident of New York, to be a passed assistant engineer in the Navy, from the 7th October, 1884. 

Assistant Engineer L. Cathcart, a resident of Pennsylvania, to be a passed assistant engineer in the Navy, from the 24th December, 1884. 

Assistant Engineer GeorgeS. Willits, a resident of Pennsylvania, to 

be a passed assistant engineer in the Navy, 1rom the 1st July, 1885. 

Assistant Engineer Walter F. Worthington, a resident of Maryland, 

to be a passed assistant engineer in the Navy, from the 19th July, 1885. 

Assistant Engineer William N. Little, a resident of Georgia, to be a passed assista~t engineer in the Navy, from the 17th October, 1885. 

ASSISTANT ENGI:N'EERS. 

Naval Cadets William J. Baxter, a resident of Ohio; Charles W. Dyson, a resident of Pennsylvania; William F. Darrah, a resident of 

Rhode Island; William C. Herbert, a resident of.Pennsylvania, and 

Alexander S. Halstead, a resident of Pennsylvania-all graduates of 

the Naval Academy-to be assistant engineers in the Navy from July 

1, 1885, to :fill vacancies. NAVAL SURGEON". 

Passed Assistaat Surgeon John F. Bransford, a resident of Virginia, 

to be a sr.rgeon in the Navy from the 16th June, 1885. 

ASSISTANT SVRGEOXS. 

Ernest William Auz::tl, n. resident of Pennsylvania; Andrew R. Went;.. 

worth, a resident of Maine, and Oliver D. Norton, a resident of Ohio, 

to be assistant surgeons in the Navy from the 22d April, 1885, and Joseph Shafer, a resident of Virginia, t() be an assistant surgeon in the 

Navy from the 12Lh June, 1&:!5-all to :fill vacancies in that grade. 

OFFICERS OF MARINE CORPS. 

Captain and Assistant Quartermaster Horatio B. Lowry, :Marine 

Corps, a resident of Penn!"yl vania, to be quartermaster in the· Marine 

Corps, from the 4th May, 1885, with the rank or J!Wjor . 
638 OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 13, 

Capt. Richard S. Colllllll, Maline Corps, a resident of Indiana, to be 

captain and assistant qnarterma.ster in the Marine Corps, from the 4th 

May, 1885. . 

First Lieut. Francis H. Harrineuton~ Marine Corps, a resident of the 

Dist;rict of Columbia, to oo a captain in the ~.f.arine Corp , from. the 4th 

May,1885. . Second Lieut. James .A. Tm:ner, .Marine Corps, a resident ·of Texas, 

to be a :first lieutenant in that corps, from the 4th .May, 1885. 

Second Lieut. Littleton W. T. WaJ.ler, ~Iarine Corps, a resident of 

Virginia, to be a :first lieutenant in that corps, from the 26th Sej>tember, 1885. 

Eh\.OYS EXTRAOBDINA..RY .AND J.\.lll,"l:STERS PLENIPOTENTIABY. 

George V. N. Lothrop, of Michigan, to be en-voy extraordinary and 

minister plenipotentiary of the United States to Russia. 

J abez L. M. Curry, of.Richmond, Va., to be envoy extraordinary and 

minister plenipotentiary of the United States to Spain. 

John B. Stallo, of Ohio, to be envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary ()f the United States to Italy. 

Charles Denby, of Evansville, Ind., to be envoy extraordinary and 

minister plenipotentiary of the United States io China. 

l\IThTJ:STERS RESIDENT .ll\TD COKSULS-GENERAL. 

Frederick H. Wmston, of Chicago, ill., to be minister resiaent and 

consul-general of the United States to Persia. 

Charles L. Scott, of Monroe County, .Alabama, to be minister resident 

and consul-general of the United States to Venezuela. 

l\Ioses .A. Hopkins, of Franklinton, N. C., to be minister resident and 

consul-general of the United States to LiberL.'l>. 

John E. W. Thompson, of New York city, N.Y., to be ministerresident and consul-general ofthe United States to Hayti. 

Walker Fearn, of New Orleans, La.., to be minister resident and consul-general of the United States to Rounumia, Servia, and Greece. 

William A.. Seay, of Louisiana, to be minister resident and consul- · general of the United States to Bolivia. 

' CH.A..RGE D' AFFAffiES. 

John E. Bacon, of Columbia, S~ C., to be charge d'affaires of the 

United Sm.tes to Paraguay and Uruguay. 

SECRETARIES O.F LEGATION. 

D. Lynch Pringle, of South Carolina, to be secretary of the legation 

and con ul-general of the United States to Gttutem.ala. 

Joseph L. Morgan, of South Carolina, to be secretary of the legation 

of the United States to Mexico. 

.Agustus Jay, of New Yor]{J to be second secretary of the legation 

of the United States at Paris. · 

James Fenner Lee, of Maryland, to be secretary of the legatio~ of the 

United States to .Austria-Hungary. 

William W. Rockhill, of Baltimore, Md., formerly second secretary 

()f the legation of the United States to China, to be secretary of the legation at Peking. 

·Charles Denby, jr., of Indiana, to besecond secretary ofthe legation 

of the United States to China. 

CONSULS-GENERAL. 

Pierce M. B. Young, of Georgia, to be consul-general of the United 

States at St. Petersburg. 

Michael H. Phelan, of S:rint Louis, to beconsul·generalof the United 

Sta.tes at Halifax.. 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

WEDNESDAY, January 13, 1886. 

The House met at 12 o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Re-v. W. H. 

1t1ILBURN, D. D. 

T.he Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and .approved. 

PERSOY.AL PRIVILEGE. 

J\Ir. REAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I desire to call the attention of the 

House for a moment to the remarKs made by the gentleman from illinois [Mr. MORRISON] on yesterday. It is reported here in the RECORD 

that the gentleman from Illinois on yesterday, in reference to my motion that the House proceed to the consideration, in Committee of the Whole~ of the President's message, said: 

I ask the gentleman from Texas to defer tbe discussion of the President's mes- sage until its recommendations come before the House in some legislative propo- sition. This is the usual course of proceeding, and I am not aware of any reason for departing from it, nor any justification for such departure. 

Mr. Speaker, I was acting, and the House was acting, in conformity 

to the rules of the House, and the gentleman has been long enough here 

to have known the fact. H:e knows that the President's message and 

the report of the Secretary of the Treasury are before the country and are being widely considered and discussed. He knows that the enemies 

of silver, at least I know it, .have organized and adopted a secret plan for 

the purpose of forming public sentiment against silver throughon.t the 

oountry. I did not think it was an assumption of anything improper, 

or merited a rebuke from that gentleman that I occupied the place I was permitted to occupy by the rules of the House in defense of the 

rights of the people; and I think he might haTe spared m.e this wrong 

.and this discourtesy. 

Mr. MORRISON. I not only had no rigbt to rebuk-e the gentleman 

from Texas, but I bad no such purpose. I said nothing which was intended for any rebuke or discourtesy, nor, as I belie e., which maybe so 

interpreted. I simply asked the gentleman to defer the discussion of 

the President's message until it as distributed to the appropriate committees, at the same time calling attention to the fact that this as the 

usual course of procedure. 

1\Ir. REAGAN. The gentleman said: "This is the usual course of 

proceeding, and I am not aware of any reason for departing from it, nor any j ustifi.cation for snch departure.'' 

Mr. MORRISON. The course I indicated was the Drdinary one, and 

I asked the gentleman that that course migltt be followed. I simply intended to say I knew of no reason why we should depart from the ordinary way.· Of course I knew the gentleman from Texas was within 

the rules. 

Ur. REAGAN. I did not wish to seem to acquiesce in any rebuke 

from the leader on this side of the House. 

PERSONAL EXPLAN ATIOS. • 

Mr. CURTIN. It was your pleasure, sir, to dome the honor to place 

me :first on the list of the Committee on Banking and Currency. I did 

intend to afford to this House my reason for declining that honor, but on the advice of many friends·andin viewofthesentimentofthepublic 

journals of the country, I ha-ve concluded to offer no reason of my own. .As to declining the po ition it was your pleasure to give me I did 

not need the advice of any man, for my disposition in that respectwas 

made up from the beginning. But for reasons of my own, which seem 

to be understood by my friends and members on this :floor, I do ask the 

Hou8e to ·excuse me from the important duties of that position. 

The SPEAKER. If there be no objection, thegentlemanfromPennsylvania will be excused from service as chairmanofthe Co.m.mitteeon 

Banking and Currency. 

Mr. BLAND. I move that the House do not excuse the gentleman 

from Pennsylvania. 

The SPEAKER. The gentlerri3.n. from Missouri objects to excusing 

the gentleman from Pennsylvania from service as chairman of that com .. 

mittee. The question is then, Will the House excuse the gentleman 

from Pennsylvania ? 

The motion was agreed to; and Mr. CURTIN was excused from further 

service as chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency~ 

CENTRAL Al'.TD SOUTH Al\IERICA. 

The SPEAKER laid beforethe House the following message; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign .Affairs, and ()rdered to be 

printed: 

To tll.e Senate and IIou$e of Representatives: 

In continuation of the m ge of my predeees or of the 13th Febrwtry lnst, I now transmit herewith a lett.er from the Secretary of State, which is accompa- nied by the final report of the commissioners appointed onder the act of July 

7, lB&l, to visit the states of Central and South America.. 

PUNISHMEl\""T OF INDIANS. 

The SPEAKER also laid before the House the following message; w hi.ch was referred to the Oommitt;ee on Foreign .Affairs, and ordered to 

be printed: 

To the Senate and House (Jj Representatives: 

I transmit herewith a. com..municatiou of 2d instant from the Secretary of the In- terior,submitting, with accompany~g papers, a.~ught off_~- bill to amend.section 9 of the act of 1\Iarch 3, 1885, relatmg 1o the trull nnd ptmi.shment of Ind1ans 

com.Jnitting certain specified crimes. 

The subject is presented for the consideration and action of Congress. 

LEAVE OF .ABSENCE. 

By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted in the following 

cases: To 1\fr. LAl\"DES, for one week, on aceount of sickness in his family. 

To :Mr. Cmrl'ToN, indefinitely, ()n account of sickness. 

MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. 

.A messa(J'e was receh·ed from the Senate, by ~1r. McCooK, ita Secretary notif:Y'rng the House of the passage of the following bills; in which 

the ~oncurrence of the House is requested: 

A bill (S.l6) for the relief of·J . A. Wilson, administrator de bonis non of the estate of Gregory .Jarratt, deceased; 

A bill (S. 12 ) to authorize the Secretary of the.Treasury to issue a duplicate certificate of deposit to the People' National Bank of Lawrenceburg, Ind. · and 

.A bill (S. 671) making appropriation for the purchase of the old Produce Exchange building and site, bounded by Whitehall, Pearl, Moore, 

and Water treets, New. York, for .Anny purposes. 

TESTS OF IRON Al'.TD STEEL. 

Mr. FARQUHAR, from the Joint Committee on Printing, reported 

back: ith a favorable recommendation the following concu1.Tent resolution of the Senate; which was read: 

.Resolved by the &nate (the Hou.se of Repr~~ concl;trri11g), Tho.t the reports oftests of iron and tee I and other matermls forwdn trml purpo es, made at t.ba