•. 

1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1173 

The following petitions for an increase of compensation of fourth-class 

postmasters were severally referred to the Committee on the PostOffice and Post-Roads: 

By 1\fr. BROWER: Of citizens of Meadows, Stokes County, North 

Carolina. 

Also, of citizens of Slate, Stokes County, North Carolina. 

By Mr. J. E. CAMPBELL: Of citizens of Perins' Mills, Clermont · County, Ohio. 

By :Mr. CANDLER: Of E. C. Garrison, L. J. Raysdale, and others, 

of Banks County, Georgia. · 

By Mr. COWLES: Of citizens of Lincoln County, and of Wilkes 

County, North Carolina. 

Byl\fr. DUNN: OfcitizensofAlbertha, Randolph County, Arkansas. 

By Mr. FINLEY: Ofcitizens of Green County, Kentucky. 

By M:r. FUNSTON: OfR. C. McDowell and othe:rS, of Kansas. 

By Mr. HERMANN: Of citizens of Boyd and Wasco Counties, Oregon. 

Also, of citizens of ifone, Monow County, Oregon;· of citizens of Waterloo, Linn County; of citizens of Syracuse, Polk County; of citizens 

of Cleveland, Douglas County, and of citizens of Deadwood, Lane 

County, Oregon. 

By Mr. HOUK: Of citizens of Morris GapandofHuffstetler's Store, 

Tenn. 

By l\Ir. LATHAM: Of citizens of Atlantic, Carteret County, North 

Carolina. , By .. M.r. McCORMICK: Of32 citizensofCarpenter, LycomingCounty, 

Pennsy 1 van ia. 

By Mr. l\IcRAE: Of citizens of Longview, Ark. 

By Mr. E. B. TAYLOR: Of citizens of Rapids, Ohio. 

By Mr. WHEELER!' Of James T. Masterson, J. E. Steenson, and J. 

N. Jackson, of l\Iount Hope, Ala. 

By Mr. WHITTHORNE: Of B. F. King and others, of Williamson 

County, Tennessee. . By Mr. ~OST: Of citizens of Mill Gap, Highland County, Virginia. 

The following petitions, praying for the erwctment of a law providing temporary aid for common schools, to be disbursed on the basis of · illiteracy, were severally referred to the Committee on Education: 

By Mr. GRANGER (by request): Of 170 citizens of Fairfield County, 

Connecticut. 

By Mr. GROUT: Of 372 citizens of Caledonia County, Vermont. 

By Mr. LAIDLAW: Of 30lcitizensof Allegany County, New York. 

By Mr. McCORMICK: Of 202 citizens and of 279 citizens of Tioga 

County, Pennsylvania. 

By Mr. MILLIKEN: Of 201 citizens of Somerset County, Maine. 

By Mr. ROMEIS: Of 142 citizens of Ottawa County, Ohio. 

The following petitions, asking for the passage of the bill prohibiting 

the manufacture, sale, and importation of all alcoholic beverages in the 

District of Columbia, were severally referred to the Select Committee 

on the Alcoholic Liquor Traffic: 

By Mr. G. A. ANDERSON (by request): Of 209 citizens of the 

District of Columbia. 

By Mr. BOOTH111AN: 0{ J. H. Brigham and 99 others, citizens of 

the Sb:th district of Ohio. 

By Mr. BURROWS: Of 168 citizens of the Fourth district of 

Michigan. By Mr. HIRES: Of 121 citizens of the First dist.rict of New Jersey. 

By :Ur. S. T. HOPKINS: Of 108 citizens of the Seventeenth district 

of Colorado. 

By Mr. LAIDLAW {by request): Of 158 citizens, and of 132 citizens, 

of the Thirty-fourth district of New York. 

By Mr. McCOMAS: Of the Lombard Street Yearly Meeting of 

Friends held in Ba.ltimore, Maryland. 

By Mr. l\IcCORUICK: Of 116 citizens of the Sixteenth district of 

Pennsylvania. 

By l\Ir. l\IcCULLOGH: Of 106 citizens of the Twenty-first district 

of Pennsylvania. 

By Mr. MERRIMAN: Of110 citizens of Washington, D. C. By Mr. POST: Of 134 citizens of the Tenth district of Illinois. 

By Mr. WEAVER: Of 100 citizens of the Sixth district of Iowa. 

By l\fr. WICKHAM: Of 150 citizens, and of 43 citizens; of the Fourteenth district of Ohio. 

SENATE. 

TUESDAY, Feb r~tary 14, 1888 . . 

Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. J . G. BUTLER, D. D. 

The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. 

EXECUTIVE CO"!\IMUNIC.A.TIO 'S. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a communication from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting, in response to a resolution of .January 31, 18 8, a report from the Commissioner of the 

General Land Office, containing certain information called for as to what 

amount of lands upon the Omaha reservation, in Nebraska, have been 

sold pursuant to the statute approved August 17, 1882, and the amount 

paid into the Treasury, etc.; w bicb, with the accompanying papers, was referred to the Committee on PuBlic Lands, and ordered to be printed. 

He also laid l.Jefore the Senate a communication from the Secretarv 

of the Interior, transmitting, in response to a resolution of January 30, 

18 8, a report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, containing certain information relative to the pnblic lauds in the State of Nebraska; which, with the accompanying papers, was referred to the Com- mittee on Public Lands, and ordered to be p~nted. . 

He also laid before the Senate a communication from the Secretary 

of the Interior, transmitting, in accordance with section 1844 of theRevised Statutes of the United States, a copy of the acts passed by the 

Legislati\c Assembly of the Territory of New Mexico at its twentyse'l'enth session, 1886-'87; which, with the accompanying document, was referred to the Committee on Territories. 

DISTRICT SCIIOOLS. 

The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore laid before the Senate a communication from the commissioners of the District of Columbia, transmitting, 

in compliance with the requirements of a resolution of the Senate of 

January 11, 1888, reports made to them by the superintendents of the 

white and colored schools of the District; which was read. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. If there be no objection, the com- munication will be referred to the Committee on Education and Labor 

and printed. 

!~Ir. DAWES. I should think it bad better be referred to the Com- mittee on Appropriations. 

The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. The resolution to which this is an 

answer was offered by the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. BLAIR]. 

l\fr. DAWES. I beg pardon j I thought it was in response t<> a reso- lution which I offered. 

The PRESIDENT z;ro tempore. The resolution was offered by the 

Senator from New Hampshire, and, if there be no objection, the com- munication will be referred to the Committee on Education and Labor 

and. printed. PETITIONS .AND MEi\IORIAJ~S. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore presented a petition of merchants 

and manufacturers of Baltimore, 1\fd .• praying that Congress restrict 

immigration; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relahloo& · 

He also presented. a petition of citizens of Fort Worth: Tex., praying 

that an appropriation of $200,000 be made for the erection of a public 

building at that place; which was referred to the Committee on Public 

Buildings and Grounds. 

He also presented a petition of the Board of Trade of Kansas City, 

Kans ~ praying for the erection of 3i post-office building at that place; 

which was referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and 

'Grounds. 

He also presented a petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance 

Union of Kansas, officially signed, praying for legislation to -provide 

for the adequate punishment of crimes against women and girls; 

which was referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

He also presE\nted a petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance 

Union of Nebraska, praying for the abolition of the internal-revenue 

t..u on. alcoholic liquors and tobacco; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. 

Mr. GEORGE presented a petition of 4 senators Pnd 5 representati-ves of the Mi~sissippi Legislature, and 122 private citizens of the 

First and Sixth Congressional districts of l\Iississippi, praying for pro- hibition in the District of Columbia; which was Teferred to the Com- mittee on the District of Columbia. 

l\fr. ALLISON presented a joint resolution of the General Assembly 

of Iowa; which was read., and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, as follows: 

Joint resolution No.3. 

Be it resol-ved by the Geneml Assembly of the State of Iowa, That our representatives in the Senate and House of Representatives in Congress be requested to use their efforts to secure the passage of a bill which shall require that before 

judgments rendered in the Federal courts sitting in the State of Iowa shall bc'!- come liens upon real estate, transcripts thereof shall be filed with the clerk of 

the court in the county where the real estate is located, and be properly indexed • .Approved February 9, 1888. · 

I hereby certify that the foregoing joint resolution passed the senate and the ~rf~~~f representatives of the Twenty-second .General .Assembly of the State 

[sEAL.) FRANK D . .JACKSON, 

Secl'etary of State. 

Mr. ALLISON presented resolutions adopted by the Republican Club 

of the city of Creston, Union County, Iowa, in 1h.vor of the passage of a measure granting to each Union soldier and sailor who served either 

in the war with :Mexico dr in the war of the rebellion a pension, upon 

the sole condition that the soldier or sailor was honorably discharged 

from the service; which were referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

Mr. V_<l.NCE presented the petition of Minerva Tillery, of North - Carolina, praying to be allowed a pension in consideration of her serv- ices in the Florida war; which was referred to the Committee on Pen- sions. 

He also _presented the petition of Mrs. Delin, Newman, surviving 

) 
_r 

~ . 

1174 CONGRESSIONAL ~ECORD--SENATE. FEBRUARY 14, 

widow of a soldier of the war of 1812, praying to be allowed a pension; 

which was referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

He also presented a petition of citizens of Fayetteville, N. C., praying for the erection of a public building in that city; which was referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 

:Mr. TELLER. I present the petition of Edward L. Berthand, and 

a large number of other citizens of Je:liersonCounty, Colorado, praying 

that an appropriation be made for the construction of reservoirs in that 

State; I move that the petition be referred to the Committee on Public Lands. 

The moti(.>n was agreed to. 

Mr. CALL presented a petition of the clerks in the post-office at 

Jacksonville, :Fla., praying for an increase of their compensation, n.nd 

ofthe compensa.tionofall clerks of the same class throughout the country; 

which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. 

1\fr. CULLOM presented a petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of illinois, officially signed, praying for the submission 

to the States of a prohibitory amendment to the Constitution; which 

was referred to the Committee on Education and Labor. 

He also presented a petition of 126 citizens of the Sixth and Tenth 

Congressional districts of Illinois, praying for prohibition in the District of Columbia; which was referred t.o the Committee on the District 

of Columbia. 

Mr. PAYNE presented resolutions adopted by the city council gf 

Atchison, Kans., ·and resolutions adopted by the Board of Trade of Atchison, Uo., urging the improvement of the :Missouri River; which 

were referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

He also presented a petition of the Chamber of Comriierce and Merchants' Exchange of Cincinnati, Ohio, praying for the improvement of 

the Kentucky River; which was referred to the Committee on Com-

·merce. He also presented a petition of 173 citizens of the Sixth, Eighth, 

Fourt€enth, Nineteenth, and Twenty-first Congressional districts of 

Ohio, praying for prohibition in the District of Columbia; which was 

referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

:M:r. QUAY presented a petition of253citi.IIensofthe Shteenth, Seventeenth, TITenty-third, Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, and Twentyshth Congressional districts of Pennsylvania; a petition of 127 citizens 

of the Seventh and Twenty-fifth Congressionn.l districts of Pennsylvania; and a petition of 12S citizens of the Seventh, Twenty-first, and 

Twenty-eighth districts of Pennsylvania, praying for prohibition in 

the District of Columbia; which were referred to the Committee on the 

District of Columbia. 

He also presented a resolution adopted by the select aud common 

councils of Philadelphia, _approving the report of the board of harbor 

commissioners in the matter of the improvement of the harbor of Philadelphia; which was referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

He also presented a petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance 

Union of Pennsylvania, officially signed, praying for the submission to 

the States of a prohibitory amendment to the Constitution; which was 

referred to the Committee on Education and Labor. 

Mr. COKE presented the petition of the Medical Association of Grayson County, Texas, praying that import duties be removed from all 

medicines, medical and surgical appliances, and from everything used 

in the treatment or diagnosis of disease; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. 

1\Ir. GORMAN presented the petition of D. C. Gilman, president, and 

other members of the faculty of tbe Johns Hopkins University of 

Baltimore, Md., and the petition of ThomasA. Gatch, E. A. Shepherd, 

and W. H. Harry, of the faculty of Frederick College, Maryland, praying for the passage of an international copyright law; which were referred to the Committee on Patents. 

He also presented the petition of Edwin ll.iggins, president, and C. 

S. Mosher, secretary, of the Mary land State Temperance Alliance, praying for national aid to common schools; which was ordered to lie on 

the table. 

He also presented a petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance 

Union of Maryland, officially signed, praying for the submission to the 

State of a prohibitory amendment to the Constitution; which was referred to the Committee on Education and Labor. 

Mr. GORMAN. I present the petition of Hodges Brothers, Hurst, 

Purnell & Co., and others, merchants of Baltimore, Md., praying the 

passage of Senate bill 532, relating to the transportation of dutiable 

goods in bond. As this bill is now before the Committee on Commerce, 

I move th..'lt the petition be referred to that committee. 

The motion was agreed to. 

Mr. SPOONER. I present a petition, numerously signed by residents 

of Almond, Portage County, Wisconsin, praying for the passage of the 

bill giving national aid to common schools. As the bill is now under 

consideration, I move that the petition Jie on the table. 

The motion was agreed to. 

1\Ir. MANDERSON p1·esented a petition of 132 citizens of the State 

of Nebraska, praying, for legislation against the manufactme, sale, or 

importation of alcoholic. beverages in the District of Columbia; which was referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

Mr. STOCKBRIDGE presented a petition of 196 citizens of lhe 

Eleventh Congressional district of Michigan, praying for prohibition 

in the District of Columbia; which was referred to the Committee on 

the District of Columbia. 

Mr. WILSONr of Iowa, presented a petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of :Maryland, officially signed, praying for the 

enactment of such statutes as shall provide for the adequate· punishment of crimes against women and girls; which was referred to the 

Committee on the District of Columbia. 

He also presented a petition of the facnlty of Amity College, at College Springs, Iowa, praying for the enactment of an international copyright law; which was referred to the Committee on Patents. 

Ur. PLUMB presented a petition of the Board of Trade of Kansas 

City, Kans., setting forth the necessity of the erection of a public building at that place; which was referred to the Committee on :Public Buildings and Grounds. 

He also presented a petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance 

Union of the Indian Territory1 officially signed, praying for the repeal 

of the internal-revenue taxon all alcoholic liquors; which was referred 

to the Committee on Filh'lllce. 

He also presented a petition of a committee of the Board of Trade of 

Greeley, Colo., praying for the construction of reservoirs in the State 

of Colorado for irrigation purposes; which was referred to the Committee on Public Lands. 

:Mr. PLilliB. I present a petition of citizens of Nebraska, praying 

that Congress take prompt action with a view of locating the Indian 

tribes of the Indian Territory upon their lands lying within the eastern portion of that Territory, and that the western portion of the Territory, including Oklahoma and the land known ast he Cherokee Strip, 

be set apart and organized as a Territory subject to settlement and entry by the citizens of the United States under the homestead law. I 

mo~e that the petition be referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. 

The motion was agreed to. 

Mr. MITCHELL. I present the petition of Corbett & 1\Iacleary, and 

other citizens of Portland, Oregon, canners and dealers in canned goods, 

praying for an amendmeit to the existing laws so as to authorize the 

repayment in full of the duties paid on imported tin when made into 

cans and exported filled with American products. This is a very carefully dzawn petitionr setting forth the reasons why this legislation 

should be had. The petitioners assert very confidently that the existing law is little less than an export tax, which, as they say, is prohibited by the Constitution of the United States. I move the reference of 

the petition to the Committee on Finance. 

The motion was agreed to. 

1\Ir. HISCOCK presented a petition of the Union Veterans' Union, 

Department of New York, praying for the passage of Senate billl537, 

the per diem rated service-pension bill; which was referred to the Committee-on Pensions. 

He also presented a petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance 

Un:Um of the State of New York, officially signed, praying for the submission to the States of a prohibitory· amendment to the Constitution; 

which was referred to the Committee on Educa.tion and Labor. 

Mr. HOAR. I p1·esent the petition of .J. H. Walker, A. G. Bullock, 

and sundry other business men and large business firms in the city of 

Worcester, Mass., praying that Congress make no aypropriation for the 

construction of a Government building in that city until some further 

arrangements are made in regard to the site. I do not know whether 

the petition should go to the Committee on Public Buildings and 

Grounds or to the Committee ou Appropriations. 

Mr. MORRILL. The Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 

Mr. HOAR. I move that the petition be referred to the Committee 

on Public Buildings and Grounds. 

The motion was agreed to. 

Mr. FRYE. I present the report ofacommitt.eememorializingCongress relative to lnedical and sanitary service on board emigrant passen· 

ger vessels. It is from a committee appointed by the American Med· 

ical Association, and is in the nature of a memorial. It relates to certain amendments of the immigration laws. As there is a bill touching 

imnilgration before the Committee on Foreiun Relations, I move that 

the memorial be referred to that committee and be printed. 

The motion was agreed to. 

Ur. HARRIS. I present a petition of the Woman s Christian Tem. 

perance Union of 1\femphis, Tenn., praying for the enactment of such 

statutes as shall provide for the adequate punishment of crimes against women ond girls. I move its reference to the appropriate committee. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The petition will be referred to the 

Committee on the District of Columbia. 

Mr. H ARRIS. The petition is general and does not relate to t.he 

District of Columbi:1 alone. I suppose it should go to the Committee 

on Education and Labor. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It will be so referred, if there be no o~j ecti n. 

Ir. BLACKBURN. I present a like petition from many ladies in 

Kentucky. I moYe that it be referred to the Committee on Education 

and Labor. 

The motion "\Vas agreed to. 

!Ir. SABIN presented a 1·esolntion adopted by the St .. Paul (Minn.)· 

: 

. . 
1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. 1175 

Chamber of Commerce, favoring the proposed celebration of the constitutional centennial celebration; which was referred to the Select Committee on the Centennial of the Constitution and the Discovery of 

America. 

He also presented a petition of 265 citizens of the First district of 

1tiinnesota, praying for prohibition in the District of Columbia; which was referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

He also presented a resolution of the St. Paul Chamber of Commerce, 

in favor of the passage of the bill (H. R. 1847) to provide for the en- rollment of a naval militia and the organization of naval reserve forces; 

which was referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. 

He also presented resolutions adopted by the :Uinneapolis Chamber 

of Commerce, remonstrating against the adoption of certain proposed 

amendments to the interstate-commerce law; which were referred to 

the Committee on Interstate Commerce. 

Mr. PUGH presented a-memorial of R. 1\I. Church and 204 other 

citizens of North Alabama, remonstrating against the passage of the 

bills to tax compounds of lard with cotton-seed oil; which was referred 

to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. 

REPORTS OF COillfiTTEES. • 

Mr. SAWYER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom were referred the following bills, reported them severally without amendment, 

and submitted reports thereon: 

A bill (S. 647) for the reliefofW. A. Lemaster; 

A bill-(S. 822) granting a pension to Sarah Errickson, widow of 

James S. EITickson, late seaman United States Navy; 

A bill (S. 895) for the relief of Mrs. Betsey Winterbottom; 

A bill (II. R. 120) for the relief of Charlotte Caroline Ha~kleman; 

A bill (H. R. 440) granting a pension to Mary C. Knight; 

A bill (H. R. 2"21) increasing the pension of John C. Johnston; 

A bill (H. R. 880) granting a pension to Mary Everingham Brown; 

and 

A ill (H. R. 2457) to i.il.crease the pension of Hubert M. Potter. 

Mr. SA. WYER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was re- ferred the bill (S. 824) granting a pension to John Geibel, reported it 

with an .amendment, and submitted a report thereon. 

M:r. BLODGETT, from the Committee on Pensions, tO whom were referred the following bills, reported them severally without amend- - ment, and submitted reports thereon: 

A bill (S. 703) granting a pension toM. T. Lindsey, of Oregon; 

A bill (S. 835) for the relief of Elisha Griswold; and 

A bill (S. 930) to grant pension to Oscar F. Carpenter, Eleventh Independent Battery of Ohio Light Artillerry. 

Mr. BLODGETT, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom were referred the following bills, submitted adverse reports thereon, and the 

bills were severally postponed indefinitely: 

.A. bill (S. 814) granting a pension restoration and an increase of pen- sion to Philip Fay; _ 

A bill (S. 812) tor the reliefofWilliaJ:!l J. Langston; 

A bill (S. 831) granting a pension to HarvyL. Johnson; 

A bill (S. 826) granting a pension to Edmond Gatlin; and 

A bill (S. 823) granting an increase of pension to Frank Fischer. 

Mr. MORRILL, from the Committee on Finance, to whom was re- ferred the bill (S. 1829) toamendan act approvedJnne15, 1882, changing the boundaries of the fourth collection district of Virginia, asked 

to be discharged from .its further consideration, and that it be referred 

to the Committee on Commerce; which was agreed to. 

He also, from the Committee on Finance, to whom was referred the 

bill (S. 1024) for the relief of John A. Fairfax, asked to be discharged 

from its further consideration, and that it be referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia; which was agreed to. 

Mr. FAULKNER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was 

referred the bill (S. 845) to grant a pension to the widow of John A. 

Turley, reported it without amendment, and submitted a report there- on. 

:Mr. FAULKNER. I am instructed by the Committtee on Pensions, 

to whom was referred the bill (S. 697) granting a pension to Elmore Y. 

Chase, of Salem, Oregon, to report the same adversely. I desire to say 

that the reason why this unfavorable report is made is simply because 

the matter is now pending before the Pension Bureau and will be acted 

upon very soon, it not having been yet rejected or approved. 

The PRESIDENT p1·o tempo,-e. The bill will be indefinitely postponed, if there be no objection. 

Mr. DAVIS, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom were referred 

the following bills, submittedadversereportsthereon, which were agreed 

to, and the bills -were severally postponed indefinitely: 

A bill (S. 916) granting a pension to Jacob Smith; 

A bill (S. 950) for the relief of Rosetta Mack; 

A bill (S. 9-19) to increase the pension of ~Irs. Harriet Clifford; 

A bill (S. 828) granting a pension to Thomas G. Thomas; 

A bill (S. 839) granting a pension to Honora. E. O'Connor; and 

A bill (S. 125) grantint! an increase of pension to William Bittinger. Mr. DAVIS, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom were referred 

the following bills, reported them severally without amendment, and 

submitted reports thereon : 

A bill (S. 1354) granting a pension to Helen Randolph; 

A bill (S. 854) granting a pension to Sarah E. Branson; 

A bill (S. 1413) to increase the pension of James Coey; and 

A bill (S. 393) for tbe relief of Fiances Anne Pyne Ricketts. 

Mr. DAVIS, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom wae referred 

the bill (S. 338) granting a pension to Samuel Brooks, reported it with 

an amendment, and submitted a report thereon. . Mr. WALTHALL, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom was referred the bill (H. ll. 2993) to authorize the Secretary of War 

to convey to the city of Austin, Tex., a tract of land in said city for 

educational purposes, reported it with amendments, and submitted a report thereon. 

1\:lr. QUAY, from the Comm1ttee on Pensions, to whom was referred 

the petition of F. Selina Buchanan, widow of the late McKean Buchanan, pay director United States Navy~ praying to be allowed an in- crease of pens]on, submitted a report thereon, accompanied by a bill 

{S. 1985) granting an increase of pension to Mrs. F. Selina Buchanan, 

which was read twice by its title. 

He also, from the same committee, to whom were referred the follow- ing bills, reported them severally \vithout amendment, and submitted 

reports thereon: 

A bill (S. 123) granting a pension to Mrs. Virginia Grier; 

A bill (S. 121) granting a pension to Tobias Baney; and 

A bill (S. 656) granting an increase .of pension to James Jackson 

Purman. • 

Mr. STEWART, from the Committee on Minesand Mining,towhom was referred the bill (S. 1888) to amend chapter 6 of Title XXXII of the 

Revised Statutes, relating to mineral lands and mining resources, re- ported it with amendments. 

He aJso, from the same committee, to whom was recommitted the 

bill (S. 1176) to authorize the sale to aliens of certain mineral lands, 

reported it with an amendment. 

. HEARINGS AS TO ADMISSION OF NEW STATES. 

Mr. JO~ES, of Nevada, from the Committee to Audit and Control 

the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, to whom was referred the fol- lowing resolution, reported it without amendment, and it was con- sidered by unanimous consent, and agreed to: 

Resolved, That the Committee on Territories be, and they are hereby, author- ized to employ a stenographer to report the arguments made before them -relative to the admission of Dakota or other Territories as Sta tes in the Union ,and 

have the same printed for the u . e of the committee; and that such stenographer be paid out of the contingent fund of the Senate. 

INTERSTATE-Co::\IMERCE COJ!MITTEE. 

Ur. JO i'ES, of Nevada, from the Committee to Audit and Control 

the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, to whom was referred the fol- lowing resolution, reported it without amendment, and it'was considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to: 

Resolved, That the Committee on Interstate Commerce be, and they are hereby, 

authorized to employ a stenographer to report the hearings before them rela~ 

tive to proposed amendments of the interstat-e-commerce law, and to have the same printed for the use of the corumittee ; and that such stenographer be paid out of the contingent fund of the Senate. 

RIVER .A..KD HARBOR BILL. 

Mr. JONES, of Nevada. I am directed by the Committee to Audit 

and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Sen!te. to whom was re- ferred the resolution submitted by the Senator from Massachusetts [:M:r. 

HOAR], relative to the river and harbor bill, to report it with an amend- ment, adding to the resolution the words "at the rate of S8 per day." 

I ask for the present consideration of the resolution. # 

The PRESIDENT pt·o tempore. The resolution as proposed to be 

amended will be read. 

The Chief Clerk read as follows: 

Resoly;ed, That the Committee on Commerce be directed when they repor~ the 

bill making appropriations for rivers and harbors to repor~ as to each item the· of, 

whether the same be contained in the bill as it came from the House or be fJro- posed by way of amendment, the facts tending to sho'V the importance of tho 

work for which the appropriation is proposed to commerce with foreign nations, or among the States, and for that purpose be authorized to employ an additional 

clerk to be paid out of the contingent fund of the Senate at the rate of S8 per day. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The resolution as amended was agreed to. 

BILLS INTRODUCED. 

Mr. CAMERON introduced a bill (S. 1985) granting a pension to 

William Swift; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the 

Committee on Pensions. 

He also introd<A.eed a bill (S. 1987) granting a pension to JosephS. 

Wilson; which ""as read twice by its ti.tle, and, with the accompany- ing papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1988) granting a pension to H. R. 

Blackiston; which was read twice by its title, and, with the a~compauying papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 19 9) to remove the charge of desertion 

from the inilitary record of David Woodm::msie; which was read twice 

by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, 1·eferred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

He als9 introduced a bill (S. 1990) for thi3 relief of telegraph oper· 

ators during the war; which was read twice by its title, and referred 

to the Committee on Military Affairs. 
• 

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 14, 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1991) to remove the charge of desertion 

from the military record of William. H. McBride; which wa.s read twice 

by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee ol{]filitc'l.ry Affairs. 

:M:r .. PLATT introduced a bill (S.1992) granting a. pension to Otto 

Ahrens; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

Mr. GORMAN introduced a. bill (S. 1993) for the relief ofT. B. Horwitz; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Finance. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1994) •r the relief of James Legg; 

which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, 

referred to the Committee on Claims. 

Mr. CULLOU introduced a bill (S. 1995) to provide compensation 

for services of female nurses during the war of the rebellion; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Military 

Affairs. ' 

Mr. CHACE introduced a bill (S. 1996) to prohibit selling, giving, or furnishing tobacco in any of its forms to minors under sixteen years 

of age in the District of. Columbia; which was read twice by its title, 

and referred to the Committee on the District of. Columbia. 

Mr. COCKRELL introduced a bill (S. 1997) granting a pension to 

Peter Thompson; which was read twice by its title, Q.nd, with the ac- companying petition and papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

Mr. SAB~N introduced a bill (S. 1998) granting an increase of pension to :Mary Sprague; which was read twice by its title, and, with the 

accompanying papers, refeued to the Committee on Pensions. 

Mr. HISCOCK introduced a bill (S. 1999) establishing a unifo_rm rate 

of pension to pensioned volunteer officers who served in the late war of 

the rebellion; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the 

Committee on Pensions. 

:t:r. MITCHELL introduced a bill (S. 2000} to amend section 3020 

of the Revised Statutes, referring to drawback duty on manufactured 

tin; which was 1·ead twice by its title, and referred to tire Committee on Finance. ' 

Mr. CAMERON introducedajointresolntion (S. R. 53) toprint4,000 

copies of the report of Naval Constructor Philip Hichborn, on European 

dock-yards; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Printing. 

Mr. BLAIR introduced a joint resolution (S. R. 54) in relation to the 

Maxwell land grant; which was read twice by its title, and referred to 

the Committee on Private Land Claims. 

1\f~SSENGER TO CO:U:UITTEE ON NAVAL AFFAIRS. 

M1·. CAMERON submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses 

of the Senate: · 

· Resolved. That the Sergeant-at-Arms, until otherwise ordered by the Senate, 

be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to appoint a messenger t.o the Com- mittee on Naval Affairs, whose services shall be devoted exclusively to the bus- iness of said committee. The messenger to be appoint-ed shall be selected by the committee, and shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the Senate the same salary as that paid to messengers of the Senate. 

CONSIDERATION OF APPROPRIATION BILLS. 

Mr • . BLACKBURN subm~tted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Rules: 

Resolved, That it shall1 not be in order, except by unanimous consent, for the Committee on Appropriations to report to the Senate for consideration or ac- tion~ny general appropriation bill without having bad such bill under consid- <'.t<ation for a period of ten days or more . 

ORDER OF BUSINESS. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. If there be no further1 resolutions, 

concurrent or other, the Chair lays before the Senate resolutions com- in,2 over from previous day . 

1\ir. CALL. I ask the Senate to proceed to the consideration of the 

joint resolution reported from the Committee on Appropriations yesterday. 

.l\IESSAGE FROlii THE HOUSE. 

A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. CLARK, ~ts 

Clerk, announced that the House bad passed the following bills; in 

which it requested the concurrence of the Senate: 

A bill {II. R. 3'290) to amend section 685 of the Revised Statutes re- lating to the District of Columbia.; and 

A bill (H. R. 4964) to prevent any person or persons in the cities of 

\Vashington and Georgetown from making books and pools on theresult of trotting or running races or boat races. 

ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. 

The message also announced that the Speaker of the House had 

signed the following enrolled bills and joint resolution; and they were thereupon signed by the President pro tempore: 

A bill (8. 1346) to authorize the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company to construct and operate a. railway through the Indian Territory, 

and for other pumose3; , 

A bill (H. R 5514) to amend section 4883 of the Revised Statutes to 

enable the Assistant Secretary of the Interior to sign patents; and · Joint resolution (8. R. 50) appointing Andrew D. White a member · of the Board of Regents of the S.Icithsonian Institution. 

ORDER OF BUSINESS. 

Mr. DAVIS. I wish to move that the Senate proceed to the consideration of an individual pension bill. 

Mr. STEW ART. I ask my friend from Minnesota to allow us to 

pass the bill which was under consideration yesterday evening. It is 

the unfinished business, and the Senate is ready to take a vote on it. 

The PRESIDENT pt·o tempore. The Senator from Minnesota moves--

Mr. STEW ART. I hope that I can get a vote this morning on the 

bill which was pending yesterday. I think all objections to it ha.ve 

been removed. / 

1\Ir. DAVIS. Does the Senator thjnk it will lead to any discussion? 

Mr. STEW ART. I think not. I do not wish to say anything more. The documents have been printed in the RECORD, and I am willing to 

rest it on the recommendations of the Interior Department. 

Mr. PLUMB. Has the order of morning business been concluded? 

The PRESIDENT p1·o te·mpm·e. It has not been concluded. 

Mr. PLUMB. I suggestthat all these bills shouldgooveruntil the 

morning business is through. 

Mr. STEW ART. Certainly; I am willing to give wa.y to morning 

business. 

THE :MAIL SERVICE. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The regular order of morning busi- ness is the consideration of resolutions coming over from a previous 

day. The first resolution in order will be read. 

The Chief Clerk read the resolution submitted by Mr. PLmm January 30, 1888, as follows: 

Whereas there have been for lllll.ny months serious complaints as to the inef- ficient character of the mail service, especially in the West and South, and the same continue, indicating that the trouble is of a permanent character: Resolved, That the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads be instt·ucted to mnke thorough inquiry into the cause of such inefficient mail service, andre- port to the Senate th~r conclusions thereon, with suggestion as t.o remedy. 

Mr. PLUMB. Mr. President, I wish to &•ty a few words upon this 

resolution before it is finally acted on by the Senate. 

I read the remarks of the Senator from Texas [Mr. REAGAN], delivered yesterd~y. with considerable'interest, but I failed to see a,nytbing 

in response to the charge that is made of inefficient mail service. The 

argument presented, which is undoubtedly the defense of the Department itself to the charge, is simply that the Western people have built so many railroads, and have generally spread themselves over such a. large territorial area., that the Department bas not been able·to keep 

up with them, coupled with the suggestion that whatever of inefficiency there may be in the service is due to the ret-ention of Republican 

clerks. 

So far as I know, there has been no restraint upon the Department in 

regard to the removal of those clerks. No Republican, I think, has 

asked to have them retained; but it looks very m ncb like pleading the 

baby act for the Postmaster-General to' come in and say that he can not 

carry on the service because of the few Republi~ clerks remaining 

under his control, anu whom he can dismiss any day. Ofthefactthat 

the service is bad, and I was going to say wholly bad, but at all events 

inexcusably bad, and bad beyond any previous record, there is no doubt. 

I haveverycarefullyavoided putting into the RECORD anythingthat was said of a partisan characte1·.in regard to this matter. In sending 

up to be read slips from newspapers I have carefully eliminated all 

possible which had any partisan tinge whatever, including only that 

which contained a. bald narration of the facts connected with the mail 

service in the West. I should like to add a. little to the record, and 

directly in the line of the defense set up by the Senator from Texas. 

In a particular case, that of a. Democratic newspaper in Kansas which 

mn.de complaint of the service, the Senator from Texas alleges that 

it was due to a failure on the part of the publisher of the paper to get 

the required certificate from the postmaster. That is simply an incident in the _general complaint; it is not the substance of it at all. I 

will ask to have read from the same paper, the Abilene Gazette, an- other _specification; it being, as I have said before, a Democratic paper . The PRESIDEN.T pro te1npore. The article will be read. 

The Chief Clerk read as follows: Junction City is 25 miles from Abilene. The trains leave here at noon a.nd arrive there at l o'clock. The fifty subscribers of the Gf\zette at Junction City 1·eceived three days' papers at once, and yet they wonder why we are old be- fore our time. They think it strange that we kick. Call it indiscretion if you want to, but even Job would murmur if he evet· b ad such an experience as this. The Gazette rea~es Junction City, 25miles from here, bywa.yofKansas City. 

Now, this seems strange, but it is a fact. Therouteagentsprefer to do this way, and while it is some little inconvenience to the public and to u s, still we will st.and it. After all, the old-fashioned mail system was pretty fair It bad its conven- iences, and you knew just when a l!!tter or a paper would reach its destination when it was once mailed. The Topeka Commonwealth has not been.received at Abilene for four d ays. We wil11·eceive a bundle perhaps in a few days. They will come via Denver by fast freight .. 

11fr. PLUMB. I now ask to have read a letter written by a subscriber 

to the Atchison Daily Champion, and published in that paper a few days 

since. Th~ Chief Clerk read as follows: WHITE CITY, KANS., February 6,1888. 

GENTLEMEN: Is there no remedy fot· the irregularity of the mails? I commenced to take the Da.ily Champion some three months since, because I 
1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1177 

like it better than any other State or Kansas City daily, and have taken it some twelve years; but I am almost discouraged. My papers come to me from two to four days old; for instance, I got my paper dated February 2 this morning, 

February 6, just four days in transit. '.fheDepartment had better put on the old overland stage, drawn by faithful mules; woul:d then get it in two days at least. 

"\Ve have two railroads, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska. and Missouri Pacific, and get mail four times daily. T. ATCHISO~ DAILY CIJAMPION. 

Mr. PLUMB. I will state that the point at which that letter was written is about 75 miles distant by rail in a direct line from the place 

where the paper is published. It took, as the writer says, four days 

for the paper to get that distance of 75 miles, and there are four trains 

adav. 

I now ask that there be read an extract from the Atchison Daily 

Champion on the same subject, commencing :with the marked part. 

'The Chief Clerk read as follows: 

It is an undeniable fact that never in the history of the country has the Post- Office Department been so inefficient a.s under the present administration. There has been one unbroken series of delays and inexcusable blunders in the trans- mission of the mails, and in the different post-offices of most of the States, es- pecially Kansas, gross and almost criminal carelessness has been the rule for the past two years. N ewspapers,letters, and packages, plainly addressed, have either been delivered to the wrong parties, or remailed to other points, or piled up in the offices where they were deposited and not delivered at all. In some cases the fault of all this is with the Department at Washington, the authorities not providing clerical help; in other and most cases the fault is in the local offices, where ignorant and incompetent help is employed. Not only have the maiLs been badly managed, and the business of the coun- try been embarrassed in consequence, but the rulings of the Department, in nearly every instance where postal questions have been submitted, have been distinguished for their stupidity and want of a broad and intelligent apprecia- tion of the needs and rights of the public. A case in point is that recent order requiring all letters mailed on a train to be put off at the first office to be canceled by the postmaster, the postal clerks not being allowed to cancel stamps, which subjects business men to unnecssary inconvenience and loss of time, and an indication that the Department is not disposed to accommmodate the public when it can be done as well as not. and without additional expense. The same style of doing business characterizes every other order that has been issued by the Department for the last two years. It all shows that the Post-Office Department is now in incompetent hands, and tl:.at it and all the other departments of our Government have outgrown the limited capacity of the Democratic pa1·ty. 

Mr. PLUMB. I now ask that there be a paragraph read from the 

Orange City Free Press of date of February 4, 1888. 

The Chief Cl_erk read as follows: 

WORSE AND MORE OF IT. 

Friday morning all newspaper mail from the et\St destined to this office was carried on west or eaten up by the route agent. No mail of any description was received from the west. If this thing keeps on people will be obliged to transmit their mail by private carriers. Let us hear from the Abilene Gazette again. The Gazette, by the way, has not been received at this post-office now for three days. 

Mr. PLUMB. I ask now that an extract from the Topeka Capital, 

commencing with the marked part, be read. 

The Chief Clerk;ead as follows: 

Let us consider for a moment what would be the result if the proposed inves- tigation should be made as asked for by Mr. PLU:~lB in the Senate and 1\Ir. PER- KINS in the House. The Post-Office Committee, after thorough inquiry, would find that the beads of the Post!!.l Depa1·tment wet·e engaged in a censm·able effort to serve the public with postal arrangements ent-irely inadequate, utterly 

refusing to recognize the fact that the entire West was being flooded with a vast increase of mail matter without corresponding increase of force to handle the s ame. The said committee would moreover find that these Department heads had full knowledge that this was the cause of the whole trouble, and that it was entirely in their power to accomplish a speedy remedy if their purblind mean- n ess was not too deeply rooted. 

that the old men are being so overworked that they are becoming discontented and a large number of them are making arrangements to leave the service. , New men can not stand it to take their places, so that the situation seems to be growing more deplorable every day. 

If the committee should be of a. particularly prying turn of mind it might 

find, hidden away somewhere, a private circular which a certain head of a De- partment thought necessary to issue to the postal clerks, instructing them not to talk with any one excepting the head of their own D'epartment in regard to any trouble in the mail service whatsoever, or to -ventilate any" supposed" 

grievances on acconnt of overwork or otherwise, to a newspaper man or any one else, and that any knowledge of a violation of the order would be followed 

by immediate dismissal from the service. Thus deliberately they write tbem- selves egregious asses and complaisantly wave their ears over that solemn truth. 

Ur. PL U.I\IB. I also send up a slip from the Emporia Daily Republican~which I ask to have read. · 

The Chief Clerk read as follows: The Soldiers' Tribune, of Lyons, Kans., joins the plaint against the ineffi- ciency of the present mail service. Says ~he Tribune: •• The Emporia Repub- lican and Newton Republican frequently come straggling in from the west, tired, weary, and as much the worse of the wear as though they had been on a heaUhseeking tour to Colorado or New Mexico." · 

Mr. PLUUB. ! , send up another extract, from the Topeka Daily 

Capital, which I ask may be read. 

'.fhe Chief Clerk read as follows: 

llOW LO~G, 0 LORD? 

How long must the people of Kansas endure the present infamous and out- rageous mail service? . Every day complaints come to this office from subscribers of the Capital in Kansas, asking if something can not be done to remedy the existing evil. We lloxe called attention to this miserable service repeatedly, our Congressmen hM·e presented the complaints of Kansas people to the Democratic House only to be ignored and ridiculed. Every effort possible has been made to correct the miserable manner in which the mail matter is handled, and yet no relief comes. Yesterday one of our subscribers at McPherson wrote us that the Capital never reached that place on the day of publication, and that two or three days' mail would be dumped in there at one time. There can be no excuse for this delay. The Capital is mailed in the Topeka post-office each morning, and it should leave on the 1 o'clock train in the afternoon for McPherson, and reach that plaee 

by 4 or 5 o'clock. The rotten mail service in Kansas and the entire West is enough to damn the present Democratic Administration. It has shown it~elf wholly incompetent to handle this most import·ant department of the public service, and when the time comes there will be a rising up among the outraged people of the West ago.inst this Administration that will relegate it to a deserved oblivion. 

Speed that day. 

Mr. PLUMB. Now I ask that there be read a letter from the mana- ger of t.he Kansas City Journal, which covers a point mentioned in the 

speech of the Senator from Texas yesterday about the fast mail. 

The Chief Clerk read as follows: 

KANsAS CITY, Mo., Febr-uary 1,1888. 

DEAR Sm: Thanks for your efforts in behalf of a public wearied with hopeless 

wait-ing for an improvement of methods and reform in the administration of that Department of the Government which comes into the daily business and social life of every intelligent citizen of the West. I wish, without lengthening my story, to give a phase which can not be charged up to inefficient subordinates. Upon a railroad to Smith Centre, Kans., 

which has been in full operation three months, there is no mail service. Upon the authority of a post-office official. I state that on the Chicago, Kansas and Nebrasko. (Rock Island system in Kansas and Nebraska) nothing beyond a pouch service is yet in operation and this not until long after the road had been in business. 

The Chicago, Milwaukee and Kansas City Raill·oad, after long delay in bridging the Missouri River at this place, put on their freight trains last November and passenger trains about the 1st of December. There is no mail service on that road yet-, and 'our papers for Excelsior Springs, about 35 miles from here, are sent out on a freight train. The opening of such lines must be known months before such opening actually transpires, yet no move is made to use them as postal routes until after in operation. Usually three to four months' time elapses then before the Department begins to make an expense,and saves so much to enter up as political capital. The service when begun, badly as it is man- a.ge 1, is not more disreput-able than the beggarly management at headqu~rters. 

"Like master like man" finds its exemplification in the postal service of the Un ited States. A "barren ideality," the fast train upon whose movements thirteen roads wait here at Kansas City, detains tile sending of two-thirds of all mail going from this vicinity into K ansas from two to four hours. The local force at Kansas City, and every city of the Missoul"i Valley, is seri- ously inadequate; to serve a "penny wise and pound foolish" economy. Yours, respectfully, J. A. l\IANN. 

F rom among the thousand cases of willful neglect to serve the people properly the committee might take the condition of the Kansas City and Pueblo run on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe with wh~h to illustrate their report. ~rhls 

run received at Kansas City on tho 1st day of July, 1886, ll,653 pounds of mail matter; to handle which, as well as other pouches taken on en 1·oute, the run employed a force of 40 men. On the lst day of August, 1887, the same run re- ceived at Kansas City 23,000 pounds and the force has been augmented by 8 new men. In other words, 48 men were expected to handle 23,000 pounds of mail, 

while one year before 40 men had all they could do to properly handle 11,653 pounds, or an increase of over 100 per cent. in labor and of one-sixth pe r ce nt. jn laborers. And even this small addition was not given till the old force had Hon. P. B. PJ,UMB, 

s!J·nggled with the work till they fainted at the rack. Unit-ed Stales .Senate, Washington, D. 0. 

}!oreover, the committee would finu that as a result of the rapid filling up of l\1 PLATT 'Vill th S t f K 11 t t · Kansas, and the States and Territories west of her, that the mail received on r. · e ena or rom ansas a OW me 0 pu In an this run bas increased since.August.1, 1887, at a .greater rate than at any time in extract from a letter which I received yesterday while the Senator from , the past, till now it is absolutely impossible for the present force to extricate Texas was speaking? from the pile of pouches under which they are buried every day. · Ur. PLUMB. I will. R. M. 'l'homas, superintendent of the railway mail service iu ths seventh di- vision, in a. desperate effol"tto expedite matters, divided this run at Dodge City, Mr. PL~TT. I wish to show that this complaint is not confined to 

ordering the east end to work Kansas and New l\Iexico. Arizona, and what is the West. Indeed, scarcely a day passes that I do not receive from my 

known as No.3, leaving Colorado and Utah for the west end. t't t "ti th b' f 1 · t f th · ffi · \Vith four men to a car the east end is not able, at present, four days out of the cons 1 uen s wn ng me on ° er su ~ec,s comp :un s 0 e me Ctency 

week through withKansa.salone,andall the rest is left for the west end to handle of the mail service in Connecticut. This letter is from the Henry Bill 

M:~_ti11 ~h~d ~o~~!~J~v~t"Let!'J~nt~e::,it ~f~~~gt/;n~~c~~~~Y ~~e~h~~;;' ~!t~~d Publif!hing Company of Norwich, and I read that portion of it which can not work No.3, then the west end bas it to do first, so thatft·equentlyover lCO relates to the mail service; it is dated February 11, 18 8: 

pouches of Colorado mail is left to be worked during a run of w miles, a greatet NORWICH, CoNN., Februa1·y 11, 1888. part of which, of course, is thrown off at Pueblo unopened. A large portion of DEAR SrR: \Ve n.1·e very much an:1oyed and troubled by the apparent disor- this is daily papers. The transfer clerk does the best he can with ir, and some- ganization of the whole postal system of this country, caused, as we believe, times gets it started back within forty-eight hout·s. The committee would find by the r emoval of experienced postal-route agents and others and putting in- that the remedy for the evils on this run was Yery simple. ellicient men in their p laces. Our entire mail matter is Yery much delayed. Let it be restored to its former condition when the men ran through, thus \Ve do not r eceive letters from a ny part of the country as quickly by twentysaving three or four hours which is now lost in tyin~ out racks and rehanging fo~<r houro3 as we used to, and from m?..ny parts it is del ayed for days. Besides and in receipting for twe11ty or thirty pouches of registered mail; put four men - this, large numbers of letters that we send ont are never received by the p!lr- to a crew and two helpers ft·om Kansas City to N ewton, making fourteen new tif'!'l to whom they are sent, and the same with tt~r~ sent to us. men in all, and any mail could be handled to the entire satisfaction of the public. \Ye are the largest patrons of the post·oHice in this city, sending· out about Chief Clerk Hunter, at Kansas City, and Superintendent '.fhomas, at St.. I .. oui!3, one-ninth of all mail matter that goes from here, and out· business extends know well enough what the trouble is, and have, no doubt, asked for sufficiettt o\·ct· the entire country. and has to be transacted almost entirely through the force, but it·has not and will not be given them. These gentlemen also know 1 mails, n.nd the delays nnd other t.hings that we hav~ spoken of are very seri-

. 
ll78 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~ENAi'Eo FEBRUARY 14, 

ous losses to us. A Jetter sent to us from Palmer, Mass., a. distance of less than 60 miles, did not reach us for more than a week: after it was sent, and this is a. sample of a. la rge number of similar cases that we could mention. But our greatest trouble is in so much mail m a tte r being lo t, and we think: the trouble is fuat the mail-route agent , being inefficientanrl not able to do the work that the thoroughly skilled and efficient route agents have been doing, are tempted to destroy the matter, as they can not di tribute it. I presume that it is use! s for us to ma.ke this complaint, but think: it best to let you know how we are bothered. . 

Hou. 0RYILLE H. PLAT!', 

United Stoles Senate, Washingt<m, D. 0. 

]'}fr. PL U IB. Mr. President, the Senator from Texas seems to think 

the Department is entitled to some credit for the large amon . ,frailway mail service put on in Kansas and Nebmska during the las~ year. 

That would be a good deal like the Administration tuking credit for 

the early and the later rai.n. The people of those. States built the railroa-ds and thereby provided a means of transporting the mails, and 

they never until the incoming of this Administration had any inquiry 

made as to the propriety or necessity of putting mail service on railway trains. The mail service followed the completion of the railroads 

iust as quick as a schedule could be provided; but now great delay occurs. There has not been a single case in which service was put upon 

a new railway in Kansas in the pant two yea.rs until after the lapse of 

very considerable time after the Department had been advised of the 

con truction of the railroad and all necessary facts in order that the 

service might be pnt on. The Department has sometimes questioned 

the propriety of building so many railroads and suggested the people 

out there were going too fast. 

I have nodoubtith beenagreatsurprisetotheAdministration that 

there ha>e been built d nring the past two years in the State of Kansas 

alone about 3,000 miles of new railroad. This conntTy is bigger than 

the Administration knew anything about when it came into power. 

It had no idea of its extent, of the business the people were doing, and 

of the requirements of that business. It bad a vagne idea, I suppose, 

that there was ometbing more than when the Democratic party gave 

up the control of the Government in 1861; but three years ought to be 

time enough to get a fair idea of the situation and its needs. No matter how much postal service has been pnt on railways, if it falls short 

of providing for the entire construction it is a failure of duty, and if 

the Department waits thirty, sixty, or ninety days, and sometimes six 

months, as it has done, before putting on any of it, that is another 

dereliction of duty, and a very conspicuous one nt that. That is going 

on all the while. In fact, there seems to be a disposition to economize 

by resisting the inevitable as long as possible, and then, as I said, setting up the querulous plea that the people were building more railroads than they ought to have done, and that there is no obligation on 

the Department to make use of that instrumentality to supply the 

mails. 

But, l\Ir. President, this is not in tmy sense a partisan question. It 

is at all events so much more a question respecting the busine&'S interests of the people of the entire country, in connection with that Department which comes nearer to them than any other Department of 

the Government, that I do not care to introduce merely party questions into its discussion. 

What our people want is a prompt, faithful mail service. I do not 

say they will be especially thankful to anybody for giving it to them, 

because they have not been in the habit of regarding such service as a 

favor, but as a duty on the part of the Department to render and a 

right on their part to have it, and that is the condition of things I want 

to see restored, where the Post-Office Department shall render the 

proper service to the people of the country because it is their duty to 

do it and because the people have a right to have it. This inquiry is 

not to be side-tracked or the force of it broken by saying that much 

h.:'lS been done unless it can be shown that all has been done which has 

been necessary; and the condition of the service conclusively proves 

that all has not been done which sho'nld have been done. 

.Mr. REAGAN. Mr. President, the allegations made against the 

Post-Office Department in the discussion of this resolution this morning indicate that the complaints are sent to Congress and not to the 

Department, and sent for political effect and not to procure an improvement of the service; and the speech of the Senator from Kansas 

conforms to that view. , 

In reference to the a:J.Ieged neglect of the DepaTtment to correct 

abu es; I have the statement of the late Postmaster-General, Mr. Vilas, 

of the present Postmaster-General, of the Second Assistant PostmasterGeneral, who bas charge of transportation, and of the General Superintendent of the Railway :Mail Service, that immediately upon receipt of 

any complaint of irregularity in the service investigation is ordered and 

the corrective applied; and I have no doubt if the gentlemen who wrote 

to Senators here, instead of bringing their complaints into the political 

arena, had sent their complaints to the Post-Office Department, where 

they ought to send them, they could secure the necessary correction. 

The Senator from Kansas bas cansed to be read another article from 

the Abilene Gazette. I answered the complaint from that paper yesterday, by showing that it rested on the fact that it attempted under 

section 980, I belie>e it is, of the Postal Laws and Regulations to mail 

packages of papers directed from its office without paying the postage 

as required by law. I~ is a convenience extended to publishers tO send 

their papers in bags direct to the mail cars with a certificate to the 

postma ter that the postn.ge ·has been paid. The proprietors of this 

paper endeavored to send ont packages of their paper withou the certificate that the postage had }?een paid, and the po tal clerk, under the 

po tal hws and the instructions oi the Department, rlti'used to receive 

them. Now the Senator quotes another m·ticle from that paper, not to meet the answer which I made, for it does not meet it·, but another complaint about something that happened on some other railroad. 

The complaint by the late l\.tr. Rounds was 1·elied on, and I answered 

that by showing that the fault l.a.y in the mniling clerk of his office 

and in what is c..'llled the ''galley" from which the papers are mailed, 

that clerk neglecting on m:my packages in single wrappers to pnt the 

name of the post-office at all, which, of course, prevented the deli>ery 

of such papers. On examining the galleys of that office, it appeared 

that there were more than sixty errors in distribution, and these errors 

were due to. the newspaper office, and that office changed its mailing 

clerk three times to a>oid these errors. 

I also showed that complaint was made. to the Department on the 22d 

day of January, and a few days aft~rwards an investigation was ordered, 

on the 24th, I believe, and that on the 31 t, the day the enator from 

Kansas intl'Odnced his resolution, the final report of the investigation 

was made showing that the fault rested with the newspaper and not 

with the Department, and the Senator from Kansas now reads another communication from that office, as be says, t{) answer the exposure ·that I made yesterday, but relating to a different subject-matter, 

which, of course, I am not able now to answer. 

Now, I wish to add, J\.Ir. President that with the assurance I have 

that the Department promptly orders investigation whene>er complaintc:; of irregularities of service are mn-de, I can do no more than say 

this, and I snppose we all agree that the bead of these bureaus and 

the heads of these Departments do not deliberately state what is not 

true. 

The Senator from Kansas referred to the fact that new railroads have 

been built on which mails have not been put. As it is alleged to be 

the fault of the Department in not putting ervice on and not giving 

clerks to superintend the mails, I may be ex.cn ed, I hope, if I read 

from what I said yesterday on this point; and I desire to call the attention of Senators to this statement., the details of which come fr·om the 

Department: 

Of the increase of 7,213.38 miles of railway mail se rvice during the fiscal year ending June 30,1887,2,481.64 miles were in the division which contains Nebraska, and 2,64.8 miles were in the division which includes Kansas. Of the increase of 7,213.38 miles of railway mail service for that year, the two divisions above named were allowed 5,129.6! miles. while the other seven divisions were in- creased but 2,083.74 miles, those two divisions getting more than five-sevenths of the whole increase. The increase of the miles of railway mail servic~ during the seven months which ended January 31, 1888, was 5,2-!9.1!1 mil.es. Of this, 2,059.72 miles were in the Nebraska division and 2,13-5.36 miles were in the Kan as division, making 

4,314.6.'3 miles in these two divisions, whil e tbere was only an increase in this service of934.56 miles in the other seven divisions. 

It thus appears that the increase in the postal rnilwa service in nineteen months, ending January 31, 1 88, was 12,4.62.57 miles, of which 9.824..72miles were in the two divisions which embrace Nebraska and Kansas, while there were but 2,637.85 miles of increase in the other seven divisions. 

Tllen, after giving a statement of the eleven States in which the 

largest railroad increase occurred last year, I said further: 

I al o submit a table, marked 3, giving the States and Territories in which the largest increase in the railway mail service was put in operation during tbe fi cal yearendingJune30, 1887,andfortheseven.mouths fromJuly1,1887, to Jan- uary 31,1888. The total increa efor the fiscal year which ended June 30,1887, was 5,069.44 miles. Of t-his increase Kansas received 1,:393.06 miles and Nebraska re- ceived 754..66 miles, each having a Parger incre.."\Se than any ot.ber State. the two together receiving more than two-fifths of tbe incren e for those eleven States and the Indian Territory for that year. The increase · of the r ilway po tal service for tbeseStates and Territories for tbe seven months which ended January 31, 

1 , was 6,02i.61 miles. Of this increase Kansas rece ived 1.350.66 miles and Ne- brruska 965.72 miles, the two together 1·eceiving 2,~6.33 mile . h eing about two- fifths of the whole increase in the e States for that p e riod, showing also an in- crease of 4,4i4.l0 miles of raHway mail service in those two States in the nine- teen months which ended January 31, J . \Vhile this increase shows the prosperity and rapid growth and d eYelopment of those tate , it also shows that the Post-Office Department was keeping the increase of postal facilities up with tbeir plend.id progress . 

Now, the Senator says that large additional amounts of railroad have 

been built upon which no mail service bas been put; and that under 

former administrations the people never h:td to request the service to 

be put on new railroads, but it was voluntarily put on as soon as the 

railroads "\Tere built. This shows that the Senator bas not with his 

usual care inYestigated this particular subject. The mails are not put 

upon any railroad until the railroad company bas certified the length in 

miles built, the number of post-offices on its line, the dista-nce between 

post-offices, and some other facts which I do not now call to memory. 

When these facts are certified, the Department of course puts the mails 

on. On that subject I was informed by the Department that there was now additional railroad mileage in Kansas and possibly in Nebraska, 

but certainly in Kansas, in regard to which the Dep:utment.wasawaiting this certificate and had called for it as to the length of line built, 

the number of post-offices, the distance between po t-oflic~s, and the 

other e.numerated requirements, and I was told a few day ago and on yesterday that the Department expected to make arrangements for 
1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 11.79 

putting service on a large additional number of miles of railroad there, 

and I think the Senator will find that to be the fact. 

I was advised that it was their policy, as it was the policy of the 

Government, to supply the people with the mail wherever railroad 

facilities were afforded for that purpos~ and that they do so I have no 

doubt. And what I have jnst stated sho~that the Department has 

been going forward with the growth of those Stn.tes and the rapid increase of railroad service; and besides that I desire to show what has 

been done in the way of increasing railway postal clerks for those 

two States, and to show that the remarkable increase of the number 

of postal clerks there has equaled, if it has not exceeded, the increase 

in the putting on of railway mail service. The number of railway postal clerks in the service on the 30th of June, 1886, was 4,573. The number in tile service en the 30th of .June, 1837, was4,85L The number in service on the 31st of .January, 1888, was 4,988. The increase of these clerks for the fi cal year 1886-'87 was 2'i8, and the increase for seven months of the present fiscal year, from Ju1y 1,1887, to..January31,1888, was 137. The ag- gregate increase for the nineteen months from July 1, 1886, to January 31, 1888, . was 415. Of this number, division No.6, which includes Nebraska, recei"\"ed 

106; and the seventh division, which includes Kansas, received 122, these two divisions being allowed an increase for these nineteen months of 283 railway 

postal clerks, while the other seven divisions were a1to~ether only allo'wed fl.n increa.e of 187, more than one-half of the increase of railway postal clerks for the la.st nineteen months having been given to the two divisions of the West and Southwest, which include the States of Kansas :md Nebraska. 

In ::tddition to that, I showed yesterday, and it stands in the RECORD 

to-day, the te$-ts which have been applied to insure efficiency in the 

railway mail service, and showed that the tests required exhibited superior skill and understanding to what had existed heretofore by comparison by the figures from the Department. 

Now, Mr. President, as to the allegation that this connh·y is too large 

for the present administration of the Post-Office Department, a fair and 

just reference to the reports of the Postmaster-General shows, as I alleged yesterday, that we have perhaps never had his superior in that 

Department of the late Postmaster-General in the clear ~mprehension 

of its duties, its necessities, and what ought to be done with it. His 

last report makes a. full development of the progress in every dep::trtment of the service, and. shows in detail what that progress has been. 

It displays a full comprehension of its needs and n. full recognition by 

the Department of the duty of cOmplying with the needs of the service in all its branches. 

So, I take it that the statement that the Department and the Administration are not large enough for this country is me.'IDt for the 

groundlings; itis not meant for Senators. It is meant for home consumption and for the hustings. and not meant for the- grave deliberations of this body. I would challenge a comparison of the reports of 

the head of that Department and the heads of its divisions during the 

past three years with the reports at any former period in the history 

of the Government as showing a full and clear comprehension of its 

duties, and a full performance of them. 

Mr. President, I am moriJi. confirmed than I was yesterday in my 

belief as to the object of tliis attack. In n. service, as I slid yesterday, employing 100,000 officers and employes, with millions of miles 

of transportation, with billions of packages transported in the mails 

during the year, I admit that there may have been some irregularities 

in doing this great business, and when I admit this I only admit that 

this great Department is carried on by human age~cies, and thathum:m 

nature is not perfect; but I han\ proved that it is as well carried on as 

heretofore. ·what I mean to say is that I am more confirmed to-day 

than I was yesterday in the belief tha.t the success of the management 

of the Post-Office Department under the prese-nt administration, the 

success of the service, the success in its economy, make so striking a 

contrast with the administration of that Department under Republican predecessors, that perhaps it is found desirable to bre.'lk the force 

of that success and the iiworable opinion of the people growing out of 

it by assaults upon the Department upon information from unfair, interested newspaper reports, and appeals made to political authority instead of being addressed to the :Q.epartment in a plain business way to secure the correction of grievances complained of. 

Mr. PL Ul\i.B. Mr. President, only a word or two in 1·eply to the 

Senator from Texas. 

No single thing that ha.s been put into the RECORD on my motion 

was sent to me except the letter of Mr. Mann. The newspaper articles 

I clipped from papers which come to me in the usual way. They only 

embrace a. tithe of what I see in the papers that I receive from my 

State. I h..we, I presume, fifty letters-letters from California, letters 

from Wisconsin, letters from Michigan, letters from all portions of the 

conn try-on this subject, making similar complaints, and I believe that 

they record what is the exact truth, because there is no motive to 

misrepresent, and the statements are confirmed from widely different 

sources, and I have some personal knowledge of the demoralized con- dition of the service. 

I did not mean to be understood as saying that the Department un- der Republican administrations had put service on railroads without 

any request whatever. I did mean to sa.y, and think I did say that 

they did not require the petitions of the patrons of the offices ~long the line: but that they only required the certificates from the railroads 

of the distances and so on, just as the Senator from Texas has put it. 

T his administration, however, has not put on the service as soon as it 

received information of this character. At one time there were 1;300 

miles of railroad in Kansas on which there was no·t a. single particle of 

sernce, and it was not until after attention wn.s called to that disgraceful condition of things by a debate in t!;le Senate, in the coors~ of which 

the Senator7s own colleag~e stated that tho service in Texas was the 

worst it ever had been. that the service was put on. · 

When the Dep:1rtment was prompted in that public way, 900 miles of 

railroad mail service were pnt on at once in the State of Kansas. I have 

no doubt now that since public .attention has beau called to this great 

der~liction the Department has stirred itself to put on service and to 

make impro-vements. 

1\Ir. REAGAN. The Senator will allow me to say to him that the 

information called out shows that long before the resolution was introduced the Department had taken steps to put service on the railroads 

on which it was not, in_K::msas. 

Mr. PL UltiB. I am not talking about steps; I am blking about .service. They may ha>e taken steps for eight months, as in other ca~:;es; they 

were all the time taking steps, but steps which did not result in anything. If I rrere ilisposed to be at all critical, I might say perhaps that 

steps were taken for the purpose ·of a>oiding the arrival at a conclusion 

favorable to putting on the service. 

I admit th::tt the report of the Postmaster-Generalis a very fine document; bnt when I think of the document and think of the condition of 

the service, Iamremindedofa. house in good order, butentirelywithout 

food for its occupants. The book-keeping in theDep:utmentis admira-. 

ble, and if that is the purpose for which the Department is kept up, of 

course nothing is left to be ~ked; but while the reports are good the . 

senice is bad, which is the main thing. We have got a fine housekeeper, a fine book-keeper, the finest dep:.rtment in a literary way the 

country has ever had, according to the Senator from Texas, but we have 

got the poorest administration-the most inefficient service. 

I confess I was hnrtn.little wben the Senator insinuated that perhaps 

I had been stirring things np from partisan motives. He bas never done 

anything of that kind, nor has his side of the Chamber ever abused a 

Republican administration! Oh, no! We ha>e got a new system of 

ethics now since the country changed politically in its administrJ.tion. 

Those who once filled the country with their complaints:md denuncia-· 

tions, often imputing corrupt motives to men in high place, are now 

very sensitive concerning even the slightest complaint made as to officials of their own poli-tical faith. 

It is not a question of methods; it is not a question of what has been 

done; it is a question of results, and I say to·day, and no one in this 

country who knows anything of the facts will dispute it, that the 

postal service is worse than it ever was. There never was a time since 

there was such a thing as a railway mail service that there has been 

such an utter and entire failure of that service to perform the purpose 

for which it was created as there is to-dav. 

Mr. MANDERSON. 1\Ir. President, i must confess my surprise at 

the charge made by the Senator from Texas that this is in the nature 

of making political capital rather. than an earnest a.nd honest desire to 

correct an existing evil. Certainly n~thing that was said by myself 

the other day would warrant that assertion. I sought simply to present a defect in .the administration of postal affairs in the State that I 

have the honor in part to represent. 

I read letters that had been received by me from the editors of newspapers. I stated, not, perhaps, at such length as I should at the time, 

some of the personal complaints that had come to me, not only from 

those editing public journals, political journals, but from those engaged 

in aU·-trades and in all professions. I pexbaps should have gone further • 

and should have said that my attention had been called to the matter 

by personal knowledge of the administration of the postal affairs of my 

own State. I am giving nothing at second hand, but I could very properly give here, if time would admit, my own experience as to the defects of the postal service "\\est of the- Missouri River. 

I indulged in nothing in the wa.y of complaint or censure of the PostOffice Department, but it is marvelous to me that in the presence of 

this record showing the character of the debate that occurred here the 

Senator from Texas should induJge in this sort of remarks. Why, J\.fr. 

President1 I turn to the debate that was had here on the 1st day of 

February and I find that the distinguished Senator from Alabama [Mr. MoRGAN], not a Republican, but one in political accord with this Administration, followed in the line of the suggestions made by the Senator from Kansas [M:r. PLUMB], and expressed his gratification that 

this resolution had been introduced recognizing that there were evils 

which demanded attention. I read one or two extracts from tbe-s:peech 

of the Senator from Alabama.. He said: 

The clerical force to do this work has not kept pace with the increase of all mn.il matter curried over our.lines, nor have the salaries that belong to the in- ferior officers in the service of the Government of the United States been in- creased sufficiently to en."l.b1e them to do this additional amount of work. 

Again be said that we not only ought to increase the pay, but we ought to provide for the increase of the number of·these postal clerks. 

The Senator from Kentnc1..--y [l\fr. BECK] said: 

1\lr. President, I should like to say a word, if! maybe allowed. I have looked into this matter with some care of late, and I am glad that the reso!ution is ~ffered,and hope it will be adopted, because it is going to develop a great IUWY things. _ 

,. . 
1180 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 14; 

Again he said: 

I hope all this will be gone into and developed, and then let us do something 

which will make the service good and efficien.t. 

Here is pretty fair Democratic recognition, it seems to me, that the 

present service is bad and inefficient; and it is not that we desire to c-ensure the presentpost-officeauthorities, but because we want to rem- edy these existing evils, that we press this· matter. The Senator from 

Texas, authorized so to do by the Post-Office Department, in his speech 

delivered yesterday spoke of the complaint that was made by Mr. 

Rounds, who at the time of his death wa.s one of the proprietors and 

one of the editors of the Omaha Republican, a Republican journal published in Nebraska. I do not think that Mr. Rounds in this presence 

needs anything in the way of indorsement. Every man here knows 

him from personal association with him to have been atruthful, honest 

man. I read from a letter by him in which he complained of the difficulties under which his journal labored along with other citizens of 

that town. I am told that all the foundation there wa.s for that complaintwas that some young men, three in number, one being discharged 

after another, who were employed by the Omaha Republican Company 

to attend to its mailing list, had neglected to place the address on the 

wrappers of the newRpapers, and they had been thrown in the wastebasket, and in that way had miscarried. 

It is quite likely that that complaint was made, but that complaint 

was made on the 16th day of June, 1887. The investigation immediately followed, and the report from which the Senator from Texas 

read is dated the 6th day of'Julyof that year. But the lett-er I called 

the attention of the Senate to and that I read in part was dated the 

26th day of November, 1887, and this is the complaint that is made: 

Without any disparagement of our present post-office officialsAnd so we say here. We do not disparage the competency of the 

gentlemen who are in charge of the Post-Office Department; we do not 

attempt to give the reason for this abuse, but we enter our protest in 

this, as we claim, the proper pl:tee for the entering of such _complaintsWithout any disparagement of our present post-office officials, everybody 

knows and complains of the mail service here. Especially is this true as re- g rds our paper, and, we presume, the others in this city, and we are in constant r eceipt of complaints from subscribe1·s of the non-receipt or irregula1· and late 

receipt of their papers. 

And I read a corresponding complaint from Mr. Hitchcock, the editor 

of the Omaha Journal, in which he said, after speaking of his own difficulties: 

Who.t is true of the newspaper is true of bankers, wholesale merchants, and 

others having heavy mails. The service is abominable, but the postmaster is not to blame. He and his force are up to their ears in mail-bags, overwhelmed 

with work and crowded into inadequate quarters. 

Mr. President, where is the proper_place to gowithacomplaintsuch 

as this? The Senator from Texas says we should go to the Post-Office 

Department. Why, that has been done unsuccessfully. It has been 

shown by the record itself that Mr. Rounds went to the Post-Office Department, and there W(lS an investigation and a r~port made on the 6th 

of July, 1887, but the abuse continued, and it was ·near the 1st day 

of November after that that I received the letter which made complaint 

of this irregularity and improper service. And I will state for the information of the Senator from Texas that it seems to me a most de- sirable thing that when there is neglect of the public interest or an 

ignoring of the public demand by the Executive Departments of this 

Government, the citizen who has been aggrieved should come to this 

or the other body of Congress and make known the difficulty and deomand a remedy. 

It seems to have done most effectual service here in the cases in point, 

for the very next day after the introduction of the resolution by the 

Senator from Kansas and the debate upon that resolution I received a. notification from the Post-Office Department that a railway mail serv- ice that had been sought after for some time, and the full details of 

which as to length of road and the number of post-offices upon the road 

were in the possession of the Post-Office Department, had been placed 

in my-State; and a few days after, notwithstanding that there had been 

weeks and months of effort on the part" of the Representative in Congress from the district in which Omaha is situated to obtain an increaseofclericalforce, after this debate, and I believe very largely as 

the result of this exposure, there came an incre..'l.se to the number of 

six clerks in that post-office, much needed, and much more is needed. I 

repudiate the idea that so far as I am concerned I have been actuated by any desire to advance the interests of the political party to 

which I belong; I simply seek by this method, that I think is a legitimate one, to obtain the remedy for an evil under which we suffer. 

Mr. REAGAN. :Mr. President, I agree fully with the Senator from 

Nebraska that ifthe Post-Office Department or any Department of the 

Government is guilty of neglect of duty in any branch of its service and 

refuses to correct abuses, then it is -right and proper to appeal to the 

polit.ical authority to see that it does Hs duty. I agree with him that 

iar; but when tl1at appeal is made it should not be made upon unverified,unsustainedcharges,looselymade,withoutgivioginsta.ncesofabuse. 

But if it is made, the men who make it, and who invoke the political 

authority to correct tbe abuses of the Executive Departments, ought to 

present here c.'lses showing the abuse, showing the application for relief and the refusal of the Department to correct the abuse. Whenever 

that is done I will join the Senator in taking whatever action may be 

necessary to secure a correction of any abuses iii any of the Executive 

Departments. 

Mr. President, I am not given to telling anecdotes, hutir.m tempted 

in the presence of this great body to illustrate my idea of the position 

of the Senator from Nebr ka by telling a short anecdote. Jlere come half a dozen Senators attac1."ing the Post-Office Department; the news- papers of the country are attacking the Department; a simultaneous 

attack is made in the other House, and the Senator is astonished that 

any one should think of defending the Department. · He · reminds 

me of two small boys who were together, and one of them cried out, 

"M:amma, mamma., won't you come here and make Bill behave himself?" "Why, Johnny, what has been done?" "Every time I strike 

him on the head with my hammer he squalls out!" [Laughter.] So 

I suppose the Senator from K;ansas had the hammer in his hand, and 

he thinks the Department ought neYer to "squall," however many 

times he hits it on the head. 

I do not know that I nee9. say anything further on this subject. Ail 

that I could say has been said when I state that whenever there comes a properly verified abuse and a showing that the Department hasJ>een 

applied to for a remedy and refused it, I will join Senators in trying to 

remedy the abuse; but when newspaper articles from all over the coun- try are gathered up to smirch the Department without evidence, I shall 

beg to protest and to insist upon such rules as will develop fairness and 

justice. 

Mr. PLUMB. Mr. President, I thought I had presented sufficient 

newspaper extracts. But having been reproached bythe Senator from 

Texas with partisanship, I will contribute now the Democratic quota 

to the complaints against the Department. I will read first from a paper published at Pine Bluff, Ark., vouched to me as being a Democratic paper: . _ 

The large cro'\fd in front of the post-office every morning waiting for a turn at . the general-delivery window shows that the amount allowed by the Govern- ment for clerical help is certainly inadequate to the needs of the office. The 

niggardly style in which the postal affairs are run is not at all satisfactory to the public. Congress should do something to I'ectify this condition, and failing to do it, it will have some vicious things said about it. It is a serious tiling for 

the lnb?ring _People of this city to be compelled to wait hours for a chance to get the1r ma1ls. No blame can attach to Mr. Alexander, a,s we understand it 

for this state of affairs, hut the trouble lies in the small allowo.nce made fo; 

clerical help. Pine Bluff is no village now. She is a cUy of about 15,000 peo- ple and growing fast. . . 

To show that Congress is not responsible for this condition of things, 

I will repeat what I said before, that Congress allowed the Postma.sterGeneral every penny he asked for clerical help. 

T.o the foregoing I now add an extract from the Memphis Avalanche, a Democratic newspaper. It is headed "The Cause of the Trouble:" 

The1·e can be no doubt that Senator PLUMB had a partisan object in asking for an investigation of the mail service of the West and South, which was declA.red to be inefficient. But it is to be regretted that if, did not pass. The service is not what it should be. There can be no doubt Of the truth of that proposition. 

Compla ints are numerous and well grounded, hut the cause is not that ascribed 

by Mr. CHACE, who claimed it was due to the fact that 90 per cent. of the em- ployes had been dismissed. Upon investigation it will be found that the trouble 

does not come fmm the ninety Democrats recently put in office, but from the ten Republicans who are allowed to remain. 

I shall not make ~y remarks about the comparison between the 

strength and virtue and so on of ten Republicans as compared with that 

of ninety Democrats. · 

Every one of them would be glaji to see a change, and few of them would hesitate, in a quiet and unobtrusive way, to put a. ~poke in the wheel of the Demo- cratic wagon. By all means let us,ha ve an investigation of the affairs of the Post- Office Department as administered in the South. 

I have also an extract from the St. Joseph Gazette, one of the leading Democratic papers in Western Missouri: 

A postal clerk, who is not employed on the Central Branch, informed an Atchi- son Champion reporter lately that the principal cause of irregularities in the 

mail service on that road is the lack of car room and facilities. He !'ays the let- ter mail is amply provided for, but this requires nearly all the available space in the cars, and there is no room to handle the newspaper mail. The Gazette 

would like to believe that numerous and constantly recurriug irregularities in 

the newspaper-mail service of the territory in which it circulates depend upon causes so easily remedied as the one reported from the CcnLral Branch. This 

would at least lend to a very damaging annoya_nce continually suffered by the press the hope that the trouble is not altogether irremediable. 

It will be seen that the complaints are pre~ty evenly distributed between Democratic and Republican newspapers, and the Senator from 

Texas will have his labor for his pain~ if he seeks to make the people 

of the West and the South believe that they are having a good mail 

service when they know very well they have not. 

1\ir. SAULSBURY. Mr. President, I was very much pleased to bear the disclaimer on the part of the Senator from Nebraska and the Senator from Kansas of any partisan purpose in this resolution. As a matter of course we are bound to accept their disclaimer as Senators; but 

I desire to say to those Senators that the country will not put t be same charitable construction on their action in reference to the Post-Office 

Department that we, their brother Senators, are bound to do. \Vhen 

Senators rise here and produce extract after extrftct, and have them 

published in tbe RECORD, arraigning a department of the General Government, without making any specific charge on their own' part, but 

simply placing before the country the complaints of partis::m news· p~pers against the present Administration, the country, if not the!; 
1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENAr_rE. 1181 

brother Senators, will say that the purpose was to arraign the Administration to which they were opposed. Of course we, their brethren on 

this floor, will accept their disclaimer, and regret that they should be 

puJ in a false position by the country in making this accusatit'm against 

them. 

But, now, is it any wonder that a department like this s"l\ould be 

criticised? 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Thehourof2olclockhavingarrived, 

t.he Senate resumes the consideration of the unfinished business, being 

the bill (S. 371) to aid in the establishment and temporary support of 

common schools. 

Mr. SAULSBURY. I will not aslt that the regular order be laid 

aside at all. I can proceed to-morrow. 

Mr. BLAIR. The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. HAWLEY] is to 

have the :floor on the regular order. 

HOUSE BILLS REFERRED. 

The bill (H. R. 3290) to amend section 685 of the Revised Statutes 

relating to the District of Columbia w(l.S read twice by its title, and 

referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

The bill (H. R. 4964) to prevent any person or persons in the cities 

of Washington and Georgetown from making books and pools on the 

result of trotting or running races or boat races was read twice by its 

title, aml referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

INDIAN SCHOOL AT CARSON CITY. 

Mr. STEW ART. I ask that we finish Senate billl103, that was under consideration last evening, to establish an Indian school at Carson 

City. I think there will be no further debate, and we can take the 

vote. I ask that we may continue the consideration of the bill. 

Mr. HAWLEY. If it is re.:1>lly to be only a. matter of taking the 

vote, I b:rve no objection. 

1\'[r. STEWART. We will try it, and if it leads to debate I will 

yield. 

Mr. BLAIR. I shall be obliged to call for the regular order if there 

is debate. 

:Mr. STEW AR'r. I will withdmw the bill if it leads to debate. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Nevada asks unanimous consent that the unfinished busines..c;; may be informally laid aside, 

:me that the Senate now proceed to the consideration of the bill (S. 

1103) te provide for an Indian school at Carson City, Nev. 

There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, 

resumed the coPl>idemtion of the bill, the pending question being on 

the amendment rep!>rted from the C-ommittee on Indian Affairs, in line 

4 of section 1, after the word "lands," to insert "not less than 200 

acres;" so as to make the section read: 

That lhe Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized to accept from the State of Nevada any lands, not less than 200 acres, -<vhich may be do- nated by that State to the United States for the purpose of establishing an In- dino echool, and also to receive from that State, or any corporation or person, any donation that may be made for the purposes of said school. 

Ur. STEW ART. I move tG amend the amendment to correspond 

with the suggestion in the letter of the Secretary of the Interior which 

I sent up yesterday. In line 7, after the word "school," I move to insert "if in his opinion such land is suitable for that purpose." 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair is informed that the proposed amendment offered by the Senator from Nevada is not properly 

an amendment to the amendment, belonging as it does in another lJart 

of the bill. 

l\Ir. STEW ART. Very well. It is an amendment to the same sentence, and qualifies the sentence. 

U r. DAWES. 1 should like to inquire bow that would leave the 

bill. If the land donated is not accepted, would the bill take effect? 

Mr. S.TEW ART. I think it would. ~ 

1\Ir. DAWES. Without furnishing any land whatever? 

Mr. STEW ART. I think it would take effect. 

·Mr. DA. WES. Ought not the amendment to be so framed that if the 

land donated is not acceptable they shall offer other land, so that it 

may not result in the United States being compelled t~ purchase land 

because the State of Nevada offered land that was not acceptable. 

They could very easily in that way compel the United States to pur-· 

chase land. 

l\Ir. STEWART. Justsay "providedsucblandshall, in his opinion, 

be suitable for that purpose. " · 

Ur. DAWES. Let the act itself rest upon the condition thn.t the 

State furni.<:h land, not less than 200 acres, acceptable to the Secretary 

of thP. Interior. 

1\fr. STEW ART. V.,ery well. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair thinks that under the 

practice of the Senate the question should first be taken on the amendment reported by the Committee on Indian Affairs, which will be again 

stated. 

Mr. STEWART .. Very well. The CHIEF CI.ERK. In line 4 of section 1, after the word ''lands,'' 

the Committee on Indian Affairs report to insert ''not less than ilO 

acres.'' 

The amendment was agreed to. 

,. 

Mr. STEWART. I now move, after the word ''school," in line 7, 

to insert "if in his opinion such land is suitable for that purpose." 

The amendment was agreed to. 1\fr. COCKRELL. I suggest that the Senator from Massachusetts 

offer an amendment at the end of section 2 whicli would cover the 

point in regard to the matter. . Section 2 isThat the sum of $50,000 be, and is hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwi!:'e appropriated, to be expended by the Secretary of the Interior for the erection of buildings and such other matters as he m a y deem proper, in establishing a school for the education of Indians at Carson City, in the State of Nevada, under such regulations as the Secretary of the Interior shall prescribe. 

I would move to strike out "Carson City" there because the recommendations adduced show that that ought to be left to the discretion 

of the Indian Department. T~at may not be the best place. I had 

not observed that before. 

Mr. STEW ART. It is the place that the letters recommend. 

Mr. COCKRELL. I think in as large a State as that, with a tribe 

of Indin,ns not settled and located at any givetl point, we had better 

leave to the Department the se,lect.ion of a location. I therefore move " 

to strike out in line 6, of section 2, the words ''at Car~on City.'' 

Mr. STEWART. I object to that, and hope it will not be done. 

That has been considered, and that is the point where the school is 

wanted. 

Mr. COCKRELL. I want to show that I am right in this, and that 

this is the recommendation of the Department. Why the Senator should 

come in here and figbt against the express recommendation of the Interior Department in regard to this matter I do not understand. 

:Mr. BLAIR. I hope the Senator from Nevada will allow this bill 

to go over. Mr. COCKRELL. The Secretary of the Interior, in tho letter wnich 

was ordered•to be printed last evening, says: 

The bill ~:houl<l, however, in my opinion, be amended so as to leave it to the discretion of the Secretary of the Interior whether any land or other donation made for the purpose of the school by the State of Nevada, or otherwise, shall be accepted and used therefor; so that the suita bility of location or proposed 

ad,·antages shall be within departmental determination. 

I want to leave this just as the Secretary of the Interior bas recommended as to the suit.ability of the location, and not fix thesuitability 

of the location at Carson CiLy or any other given point. Therefore I 

move to strike out the words " at Carson City." 

Mr. STEW ART. I do not want to kill this bill by prolonged discussion, but this question of the location has been well considered and 

the Secretary of the Interior has made no suggestion to take it away 

from Carson City. He only wants the suitability of the particular land 

there to be determined. There are six or eight hundred Indians right 

there at Carson City, and those are the Washoes. It is right between 

the reservations of the Piutes, numbering 8,000, and the Shoshones, 

still larger, the Washoes having at least SOO children of full agel. and 

the Shoshones seYeral hundred more. They are farther east and 'they 

would ha'e to be tmnsported. -

It is only about 40 miles from either reservation, one north and one 

west, about half way between. It is at the junction of the railroads. 

The Indians in that State have been allowed always to travel free on 

the railroads; there will be no cba.rge to them, and that particular 

vicinity is the place for this school. The people of Carson and of the 

county !:'f Ormsby, in which the town ig loc,ated, have petitioned the 

Legislature, have organized a society, and have got that county to contribute $10,00(' The State authorized that county to raise money for 

the purpose of ta.king care of these Indians in this way, though they 

had been taking care c;: them for a long time. To adopt the amendment would be to say that 0>-\"Son is not the right place, or at least to 

throw doubt upon it. Why should th;, neople. be willing tD contribute 

to tbe Indians there? They have taken care of them. To strike this 

out would be a direct. blow at the humane people who have this matter in hand. 

I do not care about oonfining the Department to the laml already 

bought; if you do not like that, take other land about there; but that 

that is the point to have the school there cau be no doubt. They are 

people who have contributed their money to take care of the Indian 

children among them, and I hope the motion to strike outwillnotpi:evail. The success of these schools largely depends on the people that 

will take an interest in educating the children. If this bill is passed it 

will do great good, and Carson City is more appropriate than almost 

:my other place for an Indian school. The circumstances are such that 

I am certain the money will not be wasted. I never have asked a dollar for Indians in my life before. I thought the Indians grown up had 

better work. This is the first time I have ever .asked a dollar's appro- priation for the Indians in my life, because I thought the money wa-s 

wasted on grown-up Indians when they ought to work. Tbeselndians 

ha•e been left for years without any appropriation whatever, and t he 

Commissioner of Indian Affairs sends us a report that they are superior 

to other Indians. It is because they have not been pr.uperized by feed- ing them too much. Now, these children are there and must be taken care of. Good people there have undertaken it, and I hope the Senator from Missouri will make no further objection, and let us take the 

vote. 

• 

. 
• 

1182 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 14,, 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the amendment 

of the Senator from .1\Iissouri. 

Mr. DAWES. Mr. President-- !Ir. BLAIR. I call for the regular order. 

Mr. CALL. I ask the S~nator to allow me to have a vote taken on a bill reported yesterday from the Committee on .Appropriations. 

Mr. H.A WLEY. I promised to yield the floor to the Senator from 

New Jersey for a technical correction of a bill already passed. I do 

that first. 

PUBLIC BUILDING .AT NEWARK, N. J. / 

Mr. McPHERSON. I desire to reconsider the vote by which the bill was passed yesterday for a public building at Newark, N. J., simply 

to correct the bill before it passes from the Senate. I wish to make a correction in the text of the bill (S. 601) to authorize the purchase of 

additional ground in Newark, N. J ., adjoining the c~tom-house and 

post-office building, and for the improvement of the building thereon 

and the erection of additions thereto. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from New .Jersey asks 

unanimous consent that the vote passing this bill and also the vote 

prdering it to be engrossed for a third ~eading be reconsidered. The 

Chair hears no objection .. Mr. McPHERSON. In the sixth line, second page, after the word 

''building,'' I move to insert ''inN ewark, New Jersey,'' so as to give a definite location. 

The SECRETARY. In line 6, after the word "building," it is proposed to insert ".in Newark, New Jersey;" so as ~o read: 

Post-office building in Newark, New Jersey. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the 

third time, and passed. 

MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. 

.A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. CLARK, its 

Clerk, announced that the House had agreed to the concurrent resolution of the Senate to print additional copies of Executive Document 51, 

first session Forty-ninth Congress, on the subject of cattle and dairy 

farming, with amendments; in which it requested the concurrence of the 

Senate. The message also announced that the House had passed a bill (H. R.. 

1184) to authorize the construction of a bridge across Rock Creek at 

the Woodley Lane road, in the District of Columbia; in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate: _ The message further announced that the House had passed the following concurrent resolution; in which it requested the concurrence of 

the Senate: 

Resolved by the House of Representa tives (the Senate concurring), That there be printed 15,000 additional copies of the Statistieal Abstract of the Unit_ed Sta tes for the year 1887, of which 5,000 copies shall be for the use of the Senate, and 10,000 copies for the use of the House of Representat.ives. 

ORDER OF BUSINESS. 

Mr. CALL. I appeal to the Senator from Counecticg..t to allow me to have a vote taken on the joint resolution reported yesferday. It is a 

matter of great importance, and I think there will be no debate upon it. Mr. HAWLEY. A.s far as I am concerned I a.m will in.~ to yield. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The title of the joint resolution will 

be reported, if there be no objection. 

~Ir. BLAIR. The Senator can get the matter up this afternoon at a later hour. -

l\fr. CALL. It is Order of Busine..'ls No. 297. 

The Secretary read the title of joint resolutionS. R. 35, appropriating $20,000 for the subtropical exposition at Jacksonville, Fla. 

'.rhe £RESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection? 

'Mr. STEW ART. What is that? 

Mr. BLAIR. I call for the regular order. I can not yield to any- thing that will lead to debate. .Mr. HAWLEY. The Selh'l.tor in charge of the bill insists on the 

regular order, aud I rather think I shall be obliged to coincide with 

h im. 

AID TO COMMON RCHOOLS. 

The Senate, as in Committee of the \~thole, resumed the consideration of the bill (S. 371) to aid in the establishment and temporary 

support of common schools, the pending question being on the amendment proposed by 1\1r. PLUMB. 

Mr. HA WLEYwithholdshis remarks for revision. [See Appendix.] 

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ur. PLATT in the chair). What is 

the pleasure of the Senate? The vote on this bill is by agreement to 

be taken to-morrow at 3 o'clock. 

Mr. BLAIR. 1\fr. President-- 111r. STEW ART. · I ask now that the Senate resume the consideration of the bill to provide for an Indian school at Carson City, Kev. 

1\fx. BLAIR. If any one desires to address the Senate on the pending measure, I trust the debate on it will proce~d. 

Mr. HALE. I have been absent for the last three or four days and 

did not expect to reach Washington until to-night. Before going away 

I had indicated to the President of the Senate my desire for some time 

in the morning of to-morrow on this bill. I should be glad if that op- portunitywe~eaccordedme, notfor any extended speech, but to present 

some figures and some calculations and some observations that seem to 

me of importance in this connection.. ~ 

1\Ir. BLAIR. I hope the Senator will feel able to go on now. He mast see that all the time for a week past has been given to the opponents 

of this bill, and a postponement made for their accommodation; all of 

them leaving town, and nothing being done; only two speeches really 

in the past week, and only an hour remaining to-morrow, given by the 

unanimous agreement of the Senate for debate, and that hour certainly 

the friends of the rueasme are en tilled to; so that the Senator ought to 

make an effort to proceed to-night. · 

Mr. HALE. I have not the papers and :figures here, owing to the 

circumstances of which I ha.ve spoken. Mr. BLAIR. The Senator must know the condition of the public 

service in the Capitol. This bill has been pending for a long time. I 

do not think that it is justice to this bill, aml the thends of this meas- ure, that we should submit continually to these delays. I hope the 

Senator, with his well-know!). ability and his fumiliarity with this 

question-he having been in the Senate during the seven or eight 

years it bas been pending-will be able to make his remarks to-night: 

I should like the hour to-morrow myself, unless some other friend of 

the bill wishes to speak. 1r. HALE. What I shall sa.y is based on reports that I have sent 

for and :figures that have been made up which! ha>e nothere now. I 

do not fancy thai! there will be any difficulty in an arrangement, as the 

Senate is very indulgent in such controversies; and I see the force of 

the suggestion that the Senator desires the hour to close the debate 

to· morrow. I will take my chance, with the indulgence of the Senate, 

in the morning hour, before 2 o'clock is reached, for thirty or forty 

minutes before that time, to get an opportunity to present what I have 

to say, so that the Senator shall not be deprived of his hour. 

1'\Ir. BLAIR. I have no objection to th:1t; but I only desire to say 

that other Senators may have indicated a desire to speak in favor of the 

bill. There is but one hour of the time to-morrow that the bill can command unless by the courtesy of the Senate indulgence is given to 

the Senator from Maine before 2 o'clock. The Senator from Massachusetts [t.1r. IIoAn.] has intimated to me his pmpose to speak. I do not 

know how much time he would like. He may take the whole hour 

if be wishes. If the gentleman from Maine asks for time before 2 

o'clock to-morrow, no doubt he will get it. Mr. HALE. Under the circumstances I will take my chances in the 

morning before 2 o'clock, n.fter the morning business, of being allowed 

by the Senate to be heard. If I had my :figures here at present I should 

proceed now. 

1\Ir. STEW .ART. I ask that the Senate, by una!limous consent, re- sume .the consideration of the bill to provide for an Indian school at 

Carson City. 

JU.r. BLAIR. Let the unfinished business be temporarily L'\id aside. Mr. BERRY. If the Senator will allow me a moment, I should like 

to occupy some :five or ten minutes in.giving the reasons which will 

conh·ol my vote on the educational bill. I should very much prefer to 

give those reasons after the amendments are voted on, which I understand will be offered. · I wi h to inquire now if the unanimous agreement will deprive me of that opportunity after the amendments are submitted and voted on. I shall not ask exceeding ten minutes, and if that is a violation of the 

agreement, I should like to ask unanimous consent that I may have 

not exceeding ten minutes after the present amendments are voted on, 

before the final vote is taken, to give my reasons for the vote I shall 

cast on the bill. · 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The present occupant of the chair of course can not cbnstrue the undersh:mding of the Senate, but will say 

that his recollection of the agreement is that the vote on the amend- ments is to be taken without debate. Of course, that is a matter which 

is in the control of the Senate . Mr. BLAIR. That was the understanding arrived at after consider- able discussion. There is no doubt, I suppose, that that was the un- derstancling. Could not the Senator make his remarks hypothetically 

with reference to the amendment he has in mind? 

Mr. BERRY. I have stated that I prefer not to make my remarks 

until that amendment is presented and voted on. If I am dep.rived of 

that privilege, I shall "a..o;;k the Senator from New Hampshire to yield me ten minutes of his time. -

Mr. BLAIR. If! have an hour between 2and 3 o'clock to-morrow, 

I will yield the Senator ten minutes. · 

Ir. BERRY. I would much prefer, however, if the Senate would 

consent to it, that I have the time after the amendments are voted on, or some of the amendments. If that is not granted to me, as a matter 

of course I will yield to the will of the Senate. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. It is a matter which the Chair can 

not determine.· INDIAN -sCHOOL .AT CARSON CITY. 

Mr. STEW .ART. I ask that the present bill be laid aside tempo- r~·ily, and that the Senate proceed to the consideration of Senate bill 

1103. 
.. 1.888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1183 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Nevada asks una.nimous consent that the bill under consideration be informally laid aside, 

and that the Senate resume the consideration of the bill ·named by 

him. 

:Mr. CALL. I ask the Senator from Nevada to allow me to get a vote 

on the joint resolution providing for representation at the subtropical 

exposition in Florida. 

Mr. STEW ART. I have been obstructed so much in this that I 

think it is a matter on which I can not give way further. Under any 

ordin,~-'ll'Y circumstances I should yield; but I think we can get a vote 

in a few moments. I do not think there will be any further discus::.~on 

of any length. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the request of 

the Senator from Nevada? 

There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the Wi:lole, 

resumed the consideration of the bill (S. 1103) to provide for an Indian 

school at Carson City, Nev., the pending question being on the amendment of Mr. CocKREI~L, _in line 6 of section 3, after the word ''Indians!'' 

to strike out "at C'arson City." 

Mr. COCKRELL. I made that motion because of the recommendation of the Secretary of the Interior which was read yesterday evening 

. when this matter was up, and there are some other amendments which 

ought to be made to tJ?e bill in addition to the pending one. 

It seems that there was previously a bill pending here, and the Legislature of the State of Nevada offered $10,000 for erecting buildings for 

a school at or near Carson City. Tbis bill ignores that $10,000. That 

$10,000 was om~red as an inducement for the getting up of this project 

of an Indian school, and now it is abandoned and ibe Government is 

asked to give $50,000 without respect to the $10,000 appropriated' by 

the Legislature of the State of Nevada. I shoulrl be very greatly 

obliged to the Senator from Nevada if he would explain why it is that 

this appropriahon by the Legislature as an inducement to get Congress 

to take up this question and legislate upon it is now abandoned. 

1\rr. STEW .AltT. I will answer the question very directly. Nevada has had less appropriation for Indians than any other State of the 

Union according to the number of Indians within her limits. Nevada 

ought not to contribute a cent. The places where the great Ingian 

schools are are named in all the great appropliation bills and specifically provided for; but Nevada has stood back and allowed her Indians 

to take care of themselves until, as I said, a large number of children 

have grown up. amounting to at least 1,500, in the we.c;tern part of the 

State who would go to this schooL Carson City, which is pretty much 

all of Ormsby County, tcok the matter in hand. About 800 of these 

Indians live there. They have been taken care of by the people. 

Th ey took the matter in baud and asked the Legislature to allow them 

to issue bonds to the extent of $10,000 to start this school before they 

came here at all, and they have bought the land and are willing to 

donate that land, and they will take hold of the enterprise in earnest. 

Now, we ask not to haseaninvidiousmark put upon Carson, that has 

taken hold of this work. It is the capital of the State. Npw, every 

school of this character is named jn the act making appropriations for 

the Indian service. If this is not a straight and honest case, requiring 

the action of Congress, none can be presented in favor of educating Indians. 

Mr. COCKRELL. In other words, this is to equalize the distribution 

of t.he surplus. Other States have received appropriations for Indian 

schools, and Nevada bas not, and therefore she must have her share! 

I do not think it is a legitimate or an effective argument in behalf 

of this appropriation of$50,000 that Nev~dahas not received hersb:l.I'e 

of appropriations to be expended for the Indians within her borders. 

:1\iissouri has not received a dollar, Iowa has not received a dollar, Arkansas has not received a. dollar. Now, why shall Nevada get this 

money? Is it because we found it convenient to establish an Indian 

school in Ka.nsas in close proximity to fifty or sixty thousand Indians? 

Is that to be a reason why we shall establish a school in Nevada? I 

think that we ought to give some encouragement to the liberal and 

gene1·ous spirit shown by the people of Nevada in proposing to expend 

$10.000 of their own. That was the foundation, that was the motive 

po1ver which brought this whole t~ing into existence. Now, I do not 

think they ought to abandon that liberal offer, and I do not think that 

the Senator from Nevada is treating his State properly when he places 

it before Congress as abandoning that offer of $10,000, and I would like 

very much to put in the Lill as an amendment a proviso providing that 

the $10,000 appropriated by the Legislature of Nevada shall be made _ available and placed at the disposition of the Secretary of the Interior. 

If the Senator will put that amendment in, I shall b~ perfectly willing 

to leave the location of the school at Carson City. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amendment 

proposed by the Senator from Missouri. 

1\Ir. COCKRELL. That is, whether we shall strike out :'.at Carson 

City" and lea>e the selection of the site for this Indian school to the 

Secretary of the Interior, or whether we will confine it down to Carson 

City regardless of whether that is a convenient place or not. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER put the question ou the amendment. 

Mr. COCKRELL. I ask for the yeas and nays. 

The yeas aud nays were ordered. 

:1\Ir. D.A. WES. If an amendment which has been suggested to the 

Senat.or from Nevada should be adopted, it would not be necessary to 

adopt this amendment, because an amendment suggested to him makes 

it optional with the Secretary of the Interior to accept this donation if 

in his opinion the donation of this pal.'ticnlar tract of land is a proper 

one for the schooL Therefore if they offer a tract of land not less than 

200 acres in Carson City, and in his opinion that particular 200 acres 

wonld not be the proper 200 acres, of course he would not accept it. 

So then with the amendment which the Senator from Nevada has--

1\fr. COCKRELL. That has not been adopted. ' 

Mr. STEW .ART. It bas been adopted. 

Mr. D.!. WES. I understand the Senator proposes to offer it. 

~1.r. STEW ART. It has been adopted. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair is informed by the Secretary that the amendment referred to by the Senator from :rtiassachusetts bas been adopted. 

l\fr. COCKRELL. I want to call the attention of the Senator from 

Massachusetts to this fact, that the amendment adopted, wliich was. 

not the am8Ddment he has suggested, but that of the Senator from Nevadnr, applied to the firat section. Now, if the Senator will read the 

second section be will see that the appropriation is made and the Secretary directed to go on independent of the first section. 

l\1.r. DA. WES. The amendment to which I allude is another amendment which I suggested to the Senator from Nevada to be added to the 

second section. 

Mr. STEW ART. I intend to propose that as soon a-s we get rid of 

this amendment. 

lir. DAWES. It is an amendment to the second section. the result 

of which mil be that if the Secretary o{ the Interior is noii, satisfied 

·with this offer of 200 acres of land in Carson City he will not accept it, 

and the act falls. 

Mr. COCKRELL. Let the amendment be offered now. 

Ir. DA. WES. If the Senator from Missouri will listen to the amendment he will see that his is not necessary. 

Mr. STEW ART. I will send the amendment to the Chair to be 

read. 

~Ir. COCKRELL. I will withdraw the other temporarily, if the 

Senator will offer it. 

Mr. STEW ART. At the end of the bill add--

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be read for information, as it is not now in order. 

Mr. COCKRELT1. I withdraw my amenclmeut, which will make 

that in order. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. 'The yeas and nays have already been 

ordered upon the amendment of the Senator from Missouri. 

l\lr. COCKRELL. By unanimous consent it can be withdrawn. I 

ask unani mons consent. 

The PRESIDENT p1·o tempm·e. Is there objection to the Senator 

from Missouri withd-rawing his amendment, the yeas and nays having 

been ordered? The Chair bears none; the amendment if; withdrawn. 

The Senator from ,.evada mo>es an amendment, which will be read. 

Mr. STEWART It is to be added at the end of the bill. 

The CHIEF CLERK. It is proposed to add to the second section: 

Whenever the land shall have been donated and aeeepted in conformity to the first section of this net. 

So as to rea.d: 

Sn:c. 2. That the sum of S50,000 be, and is hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the 'l'reasury not otherwise appropriated, to be expended by the Sec- retary of the Interior for the erection of buildings and such other matters a.s he may deem proper in establishing a school for the education of Indians at Car- son City, in the State of Nevada, undet· sueh regulations as the Secretary of the Interior shall presct·ibe, whenever the land shall have been donated and accepted in conformity to the first section of this act. 

The PRESIDE~T pro tempore. The question is on the amendment 

proposed by the Senator from Nevada [Mr. STEWART]. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendments were concurred in. 

The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the 

third time, and passed. 

ALJ,OWANCES TO GREELY ARCTIC EXPEDITION. 

Mx. CHANDLER. I ask unanimous consent for the taking up of 

Order of Business No. 61 on tbe Calendar. 

Mr. BECK. Pending that, I move that the Senate proceed to the 

consideration of executive business. 

1\lr. CALL. I ask the Senator from New Hampshire and the Senator from Kentucky to allow me to have a vote on the joint resolution 

reported yesterday. 

.Mr. CHANDLER. I prefer that this bill be taken up first. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from ~entuc~y moves 

that the Senate proceed to the consideration of executive business. 

_l'IIr. CHANDLER. I ask the Senator from Kentucky to withdraw 

the motion for a moment. 

Mr. BECK. We want a short executive session befoxe we adjourn 

to-day. I withdraw the motion for the present. 

The PRESIDENT pro ternpm·e. The Senator from New Hampshire 

moves the present consideration of a bill. Is there objection? 

. 
/ 

llff"4 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 14, 

By nna,nimous consent, the bill (S. 937) for the relief of David L. 

Brainard and others was considered as in Committee of the Whole. 

It provides for the payment of $703.75, in lien of commutation of 

fuel and quarters and extra-duty pay, to David L. Brainard, Julius R. 

Frederick, Henry Biederbick, Francis Long, Maurice Connell, David 

Linn, Joseph Elison, Nicholas Salor, William A. Ellis, Charles B. 

Henry, William Whistler, Jacob Bender, Roderick R. Schneider, David 

C. Ralston, Hampden S. Gardner, Edward Israel, Winfield S. Jewell, 

George W. Rice~ and William H. Cross, of the United States Army, 

who were on duty with Lieut. A. W. Greely in the Arctic regions from 

July 1, 1881, to June 30, 1884. If any of these persons shall ha.ve 

died prior to June 30, 1834, the allowances for commutation of fuel, 

extra-duty pay, and quarters are to be computed ~t the rates stated to 

the death of such persons, respectively; and in such case the amounts 

found due shall be paid to the widow of the deceased, if any survive; 

and if none, to the children, if any; and if none, to the next of kin of 

such pel'$On lawfully entitled. 

The bill was reported to the Senate, ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. 

SUBTROPICAL EXPOSITION .AT J .A.CKSONVILLE. 

Mr. CALL. I ask that the Senate proceed to the consideration of 

the joint resolution reported yesterday by the Committee on Appropriations. 

There being no objection, the joint resolution (S. R. 35) appropriating $20,000 for the subtropical exposition at Jacksonville, Fla., was considered as in Committee of the Whole. 

The amendment of the Committee on Appropriations was to strike 

out all a(ter the resolving clause and in lien thereof to insert: 

That the Secretary of the Interior shall send such exhibits from the National 

l\luseum as shall be selected by him, and the Commissioner of Agriculture such 

exhibits of plants, shrubs, and flowers us shall be selected by him, to the subtl·opical exhibition at Jacksonville, Fla., for the yeat· 1888, and for the purpose of paying tbe expenses of transporting such exhibits to and from said exposition, and of arranging and taking care of them while there, the sum of $10,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be expended under the 

direction of the Commissioner of Agriculture, and to be immediately available. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The joint resolution was reported to the Senate as amended, and the 

amendment wa.s concurred in. - The joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, 

read the third time, and passed. 

The title was amended to read: 

A joint resolution appropriating $1.0,000 for the subtropical exposition at Jacksonville, Fla. 

CO:\IPULSORY INDIAN EDUCATION. 

Ur. DAWES. I move that the Senate proceed to the consideration 

of Order ofBnsint3...~ No. 30, being Senate bill No. 1095. . 

The Secretary read the title of the bill (8. 1095) to provide for the 

compulsory education of Indian children. · Mr. COCKRELL. Let that be read for information. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will be read at length for information, subject to objection. 

The bill wa.s read. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the present con- sideration of·this bill? 

l\fr. COCKRELL. Is there any report with the bill? If so, I should 

like to hear it. It is an exceedingly important bill. 

The PRESIDENT pro temp01·e. The Chair is informed that there is no p'rinted report. 

Mr. DAWES. This bill is the result of the experience of the Senator from Colorado [Mr. TELLER] in the management of the Indians. 

It was drawn by him and was submitted to the last Congress. It was recommended by all those who have administered Indian affairs-! mean this idea. in substance-for a good many years, and it was formulated by the Sen a, tor from Colorado at the last session of Congress, and 

was approved by the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate at the 

last session, and it has met the unanimous approval of the committee 

at thls session. I was going to move an amendment striking out the 

limitation of five years on my own responsibility, at the suggestion of 

the Sena,tor from Colorado. . I take it th:1.t the efforts to educate India,n children are advancing, 

and as the results are being demonstrated we are brought more a1!_d more every year to assimilate them, as much as possible, to the education of our own children in the common schools; but on many of the 

resermtions there is a reluctance on the part of a portion of the Indians to 

let their children go to school. There are two parties on all Indian reservations, which may properly be described as conservative and progressive, old Bourbons and those who desire to make headway and adopt 

the ways of white men. The old Indians, however, are desirous of con- tinuing the old state of things. They imagine that they can restore 

themselves to the condition of the Indian twenty-five years ago. Every 

innovation upon that idea meets with resistance. It is found among the 

old Indians, especially among the parents of the scholars, arid they resist 

the taking of their children into the schools. - This is left discretionary with the Secretary of the Interior by the 

bill, so that he can apply it on one reservation and omit to apply 

I 

it on another, apply it in one way in one place and in another way in 

another pla~e. It is flexible and intended to be adapted to the condition of things wherever he comes to deal with any tribe or band of Indians. It is putting the power in his hands-that is all-to deal with 

the Indians as a State would deal with the children of the State, or as a town would deal with the children of the school district whose system they have control of. It does not require him to do anything of 

the kind; it only authorizes him to do it. 

Ur. BLAIR. I should like to ask the Senator how much this country 

has expended for the education of Indian children? .. 1\Ir. COCKRELL. I should like to know that myself. 

l\Ir. DAWES. Not one-tenth part as much as the United States solemnly covenanted that they would expend. 

Mr. BLAIR. But the amount? "'" 

Mr. DAWES. More than $5,000,000 to-day stand to the credit of ·eight different tribes of Indians as against the solemn covenant of the 

United States, and that is a debt--

Mr. HARRIS. I should like to ask the Senator, because I do not 

know, if by treaty stipulatio.n the Government of the United States has 

bound itself to make appropriations for the education of the Indians? 

Mr. DAWES. The Government of the United States made in 1868 

eight different treaties with eight different tribes of Indians, in which 

they covenanted to furnish a school-house and a teacher for every thirty 

children between th~ school ages of each band. The Secretary of the 

Interior repofted four years ago to the Congress of the United States 

that it woulc have cost the United States, had they fltl.filled these obligations up to that time, between three and four million dollars. 

1\fr. HARRIB. Then, as I understand the Senator from Massachusetts, the Government of the United States committed itself by treaty 

obligation to furnish a school-house and the means of making a school 

and securing the education of the Indian children. I want t-o ask the 

Senator, though, if this bill does not go a step beyond that. I take it 

for granted that the treaty stipulation was intended to respond to a necessity which was recognized by the Indians for education. .Does 

not this bill go a step further and propose to compel the Indians to ::ittend the schools whether they desire to do so or not? 

Ur. DAWES. It does put in the power of the Secretary of the Interior, on any reservation, a treaty reservation or one that is not a treaty 

reservation, the power to take the children and send them to school, 

precisely as the law of many of the States, including my own State, 

authorizes and requires the parents of the children to put their children 

between the ages of five and sixteen in school so many months in each 

year. -

Mr. BLAIR. I wish to sustain the bill, but I did not know but that 

the Senator from :Massa-chusetts might be able to give us the items of 

expenditure for Indian education. . Mr. DAWES. I can tell the Senator that in 1878 was the first special 

appropriation for forty years, outside of treaty stipulations, for the education of Indian children, and that was $10,000. It was $10,000 the 

next year; it was $20,000 the next year; it was $30,000 the next year; 

it was $60,000 the next year; it was $120,000 the next year; it was nine hundred and odd thousand dollars-! speak in round numbersthree years ago. Two years ago it was $1,200,000, and last year it was $1,100,000, in round sums. -

l\Ir. BECK. I rose to ask the Senator from Massachusetts a question 

before be sat down. He has referred to the very large amount of money 

due by the United States to the Indian school fund. My recollection 

is that we engaged to furnish them with schoolmasters and schools, 

farmers and mechanics and other artisans, but very many of the Indian 

tribes were not fit to carry on their schools and farming operations or do any of the things provided for in the treaties, and therefore we had 

year by year a, general provision authorizing the President of the United 

States to apply the funds appropriated for those purposes to the use of 

the Indians in such a way as he thought would best promote their civilization. " 

Mr. TELLER. Oh, no. Mr. BECK. That has been done time and again, I know. 

Mr. DAWES. I do not want to arraign the United States as a debtor 

for three or four million dollars under these treaties. The excuse the 

United States make for never having expended a, dollar under them is 

this: The phraseology of the treaties is that they will furnish a teacher 

aud a school-house for every thirty children ready to attend school, and 

the response of the United States is that no thirty children have walked 

up arm in arm with book in hand asking for a school-house and a schoolmarm, and therefore they have not been called upon to expend that 

money. Nevertheless, without any regard to these treaty ohligations, 

the United States have done a great deal both for the treaty Indians and 

the non-treaty Indians in the line of education ,'.~d they are not to be 

censured but commended for what they have done., For the last three or four years they have expended, in my opinion, as much money as they could economically and wisely expend in that direction. N<n-ertheless we must go on step by step, and this obstade that is in the way 

of a wise expenditure of a million or more of dollars each year is he- cause the parents of these children do not want them educated and will 

not send them to school. This bill proposes to authorize the Secretary 

of the Interior to take them and educate them. 

) 
I 

1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1185 

:M:r. SAULSBURY. I shall move to add ''with the consent of the 

parents.'' 

Mr. TELLER. Mr. President, the suggestion of the Senator from 

Delaware [f)lr. SAULSBURY] that the Indian children are to be taken 

to school with the consent of the parents shows that he has not studied 

the Indian question. I am not going to find fault with the Government of the United States in regard to its dealin~ with the Indians. ·It has not dealt wisely with them, but it has dealt munificently with 

them; and there is not in the history of the world an instance where a _people have been dealt with so generously as the Indians on this con- tinent have been dealt with by the .American people. All the talk 

that we bear about the outrages committed in taking their land is 

largely the result of ignorance and is not based on fact. 

We have bought their lands and paid for them, as no nation ever 

bought lands of the aborigines before in the history of the world. But we have not been wise in our dealings with the Indians. If we had 

been, they would not be Indians to-day; we should have incorporated that great body of people, nearly equal now in number to what 

they were when the continent was discovered, into our body politic, 

and we should have raised them from barbarism and savagery to civilized life. 

This bill I introduced after consultation with the Commissioner of 

Indian Affairs. It was to meet a case of this kind; and the Senator 

from Delaw~re will see at once that his suggestion would destroy the 

bill. On many of the Indian reservations we have day-schools and on some of them we have boarding-schools. We have established and 

maintained from time to time both day-scbcols and boarding-schools, 

and paid all the expenses, sometimes without a single pupil, and not 

infrequently not more than three or four pupils in a school that ought 

to have accommodated forty or fifty and sometimes one hundred. The 

Indians would all the time draw off the Government their support, 

doing nothing, absolutely supported and fed and clothed by the General Government-a munificence, I say, extended to them that is with- ~ held from people of our own blood who are unfortunate, who are in 

poverty and in want, upon the simple theory that they were the original owners of this continent, a theory that never had lodgment in any 

brain except that of the American, and it ought to have no lodgment 

in any man's brain, for the earth does not belong to savage men; it doP~ 

not belong to men who do notcultivateitanduseit. Itbelongstohim 

who will from it wring substance for his support; and neither the Government of the United States nor any other power bas a right to say 

that the laud which the Almighty made for men to live upon and to 

cultivate shall be kept by Indians, upon which they shall subsist simply and not earn from it their living. 

But we support these men1 women, and children, giving them all 

their food and all their clothing, and we profess to educate them, and 

then we say to the savage," Go to school if you see fit, and if you do 

not you need not." Thus year after year under these treaties we maintain schools ·at agencies where to-day there will not be found 3 

per cent., and in some instances not 1 per cent., of the whole population that can be said to have been benefited at all by these schools. ·You may take some of the tribes that I could mention where we have 

_from fifteen to twenty years maintained schools, ~ltere it is utterly impossible to find a full-blooded native who can read or write or sign his name. Whv? Because we have sent out a teacher to teach who had 

. not any special interest in getting in the children. The teacher got 

his pay whether the children came or whether they did not come. The 

agents bad not any interest in it, the Indian had not any interest in it, 

and so the schools have not been taught, but the wages have been paid 

in many cases under treaty for at least twenty years. 

Now, this bill is for the purpose of requiring these people to send 

their children to school, many of them living on the munificence of 

this Government, having no claim to the land, and never having had 

any claim to it, for all that region that we took from the Mexicans by 

conquest, or from the Spaniards by purchase, did not belong to the Indians. It is only the English portion of this continent wherethe principle is recognized ofthe rigbtoftheaborigines to the soil. No Indian 

in Mexico, no Indian in California, no Indian in New Mexico, no Indian in more than one-half of Colorado and Arizona and all that great section 

of country, was ever recognized by the authorities existing previous to 

the advent of the United States as having the slightest control or interest in the Jand; yet on that land contracted for with the Government 

from which we a.cquired this territory, where we may treat the Indians as they had been t1·eated by the previous government, we have recogrnzed their right to an interest in the soil, and we are maintaining 

thousands of them in idleness and in vice. 

This bill says to them, '' If you will not put your children in the 

schools you may keep them out., but if you keep them out you shall make 

your own living, you shall cultivate the soil, or get your living in some 

other way than from the Treasury of the United States.'' Does anybody 

say that that is unreasonable? Does anybody say that that is harsh 

or cruel? If we are to deal with these people at all, we must deal-with 

them considering their lack of capadty to deal for themselves. There- . fore, I hold that it is the duty of the Government to say to them-not 

simply that it is an advantage to the Government, but the duty of the 

Government to say, ''You must educate your children, you must put 

XIX-75 

/ 

them in a way to cease to be savages, you must put them on the road to 

civilization and progreSs." That is all there is in this bill, Mr. President. It is simply to authorize the Secretary of t-he Interior to say, 

"Now, here is a school-house, here is a teacher; you are getting your 

bread and your butter and your clothes from the Government, and we will cut off your bread and butter and clothes if you do not show some disposition to educate your children." 

Mr. VEST. I should like to ask the Senator from Colorado a ques· 

tion, if he will yield. 

Mr. TELLER. Certainly. 

Mr. VEST. What does he propose to do on reservations_wbere there are no boarding-schools? How does he propose, under the provisions 

of this bill, to take the children away from the wigwams and teach 

them and carry them to a district school, and then return them to the 

parents at night? 

Mr. TELLER. The whole matter is left to the discretion of the 

Secretary. He will not do it if he has not the appliances. 

Mr. VEST. The Senator has been Secretary of the Interior. Does 

be propose now for us to pass this bill, and put in the hands of the 

Secretary of the Interior the power to take as much money as be sees proper out of the Treasury to establish ~oarding-schools and industrial 

schools where they do not exist? That is the point. 

Mr. TELLER. No. The Senator is notserious when he asks that 

question. He knows that there is not the power to draw money by any 

executive officer from the Treasury of this Q-overnment, however full 

it may be, except he has the legislative sanction of Congress. He knows 

very well that you may impose a duty upon any public officer, but if 

you withhold from him the money he is not to execute that law. It is 

only when you have given him the money, when you have said, "Here 

is the means to do this," that he is required to do it. With the million 

of dollars or more every year that is appropriated for Indian schools 

under trea.ties that are now in existence, where teachers are maintained, 

but not the schools, the Secretary of the Interior may under this bill, if 

this bill should become a law, put the children into a day-school or in a 

boarding-school, as the opportunity may be presented to him. If there 

is a boarding-school, he will put them in a boarding-school; if there is 

a day-school, he will put them in the day-school, and if there is neither 

he will not pn t them in either. Whether this shall become an efficient 

and valuable law will depend upon the Appropriations Committee very 

largely when they come to report to the Senate the appropriations for 

Indian schools and Indian education. 

Mr. President, the Senator from New Hampshire asked how much we had expended on Indian schools. I have not the exact amount. 

The Senator from Massachusetts made the general statement. Up to 

1880 practically we had expended nothing except what we had ex- pended by virtue of treaties. Since that time we have expended, as he stated, as high as 1,200,000 in a year. For more thlln ten years 

consecutively, since the close of the great war of our rebellion, for ten 

straight years, every month of the year, we paid out more for Indian wars than we paid in any one year for Indian education, and in one six months, any six months during those ten years, we paid more money 

than we have paid since 1880 for the education of the Indian children. 

I do not insist, as a great many people do, that because we have the 

Indian lands we are bound to educate the Indian children. I deny that we have robbed the Indians. I deny that we are now ~der any legal or moral obligation, except in a case where we have made a treaty to 

furnish them provisions, clothing, etc.; but I say it is to the interest of 

the General Government that we should do this, for the six millions that 

you pay out t:very year you will pay out until the end of time unless 

you do educa,te the Indians so that they shall become self-supporf4ng. 

No Indian will be self-supporting until he is taught to work. I think 

that experience bas shown that a mere book education does not make an Indian self-supporting. I would not give a cent for all the Indians 

in the country if they had a classical education, for if they are not taught 

to work they will be vagabonds, and they will always be vagabonds 

just as long as the Government of the United States expends its six 

millions a year for their support. If we are to do nothing but leave 

them in this course, let things goon as they are doing; ifweproposeto 

make them self-supporting and make them ultimately citizens of the 

Republic, then we have got to take them with the strong hand and 

compel them to get education. 

And, _Mr. President, I believe in the doctrine of compulsory education for white men, and black men, and red men alike. I bold it to 

be the duty of the government, Idonotmean the General Government 

now, but the State is charged with 't1is-I hold it to be the duty of 

the State whenever a parent shall so far neglect his duty to his family as to le..we his children to grow up in ignorance and vice, to provide a method by which be shall be compelled to put them in the schools that 

the State furnishes to give them an education. I would not do anything for the Indian he£e that I would not do in my own State for tlie 

white children of my Sta,te if the parents were so disre~rdful oftheir 

duty as to fail to educate their children. 

Mr. President, wemaydallywith thislndianquestionaswebave been 

dallying year after year. To-day the Indians are increasing. There are more of them than there were last year, and more of them than there were twenty years ago, and with the peace that we have compelled them to obI . 
1186 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBR.UARY. 14, 

serveonewithanother they are increasing quite as rapidlya.s the white 

l)eople of this country, and in sometribesvet~ymuchmoreso. Now, what 

is to be done with this greatmassofpeoplewhoaregrowing upin ignorance? .Are we dischargin'g our duty when we leave them outside of the 

schools because they say they do not want to go to school? I do not think so.' I am satisfied, after a great many years of observation and some years 

of experience, that there is but one way to settle the Indian question. 

It never will be settled in any other way until you compel the Indian 

to blister his hands. I repe:tt what I have said here before and what 

has been repeated until it bas become trite in the Senate, that no people ever yet emerged from barbarism that did not emerge through 

labor. No people have ever been civilized by outside efforts, and no people ever will be. It is only when you compel the people themselves 

to support themselves that they come up; and you may send your 

teachers to th~ Indians and you may keep them even in the schools, if 

you do not with this compel labor, the education that will enable them 

to support themselves, and ultimately say to them, "Having thus 

educated you, you must now take ~re of yourselves' :_if we do not do 

that we shall have the Indian problem with us for all time. 

Increasing in number, increasing in expense, increasing in degradation (for the wild Indian to-day is not better in any part of the continent than he was previous to his contact with civilization), he has 

picked up the vices and few of the virtues of civilized life; but if you 

take hold oftheindian, put him in school where he can be taught not 

simply to read but to work, beneficial results will come. You should 

teach him the English language, and then teach him to work, and if he 

goes out of the school with those who think and work, although he 

does not know a letter, though he can not read a page, and though he 

can not sign his name, if he c.ow speak English and knows how to hoe corn and to plow and when to plant and when to reap, then he is on the road to progress and he can take care of himself, and then it will 

be the duty of the Government to say to him, ''Having given you thi.E 

start, now do just as my white people do, either support yourselves or go to the wall.'' -

If they go to the wall they will do what thousands of savage people 

have done in their progress to civilization. Many of them will go to 

the wall, but some of them will come up, and they will come up, I re- peat again, just as all other people have come, when they themselves 

will it and when they themselves determine it, and they will not come 

without that. ThiS bill looks to this one step. It is a little step, a short step, but it is a step in the direction of putting the hand of the 

Government on these people and putting them in the way in which 

they should go and compelling them to go, or, if they choose not to 

go, then say, ''You shall no longer share in the munificence of this 

Government,'' and when the Indian is met with starvation or civilization, he will take civiliaation every time, and he will not do it much 

before, in my judgment. 

lli. BECK. Mr. Pre::,"ident, I suppose the Senator fro1p. Massachusetts will want to be heard again on this very important bill, and I hope 

we may now have an executive session for a. little while. Therefore, I 

move that the Senate proceed to the consideration of executive business. 

ROCK CREEK BRIDGE. 

~'[r. HARRIS. I ask the Senator from Kentucky, if the Senator in 

charge of the pending bill will consent, to suspend that motion until 

the Chair lays before the Senate a House bill that I shall ask to have 

considered, if it leads to no debate, as I presume will be the case. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Tennessee appeals 

to the Senator from Kentucky to withdraw his motion. 

Mr. HARRIS. The Senator from Kentucky consents? 

M.r. BECK. Yes. -

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. · The Chair lays before the Senate the 

bill (H. R. 1184) to authorize the construction of a bridge across Rock 

Creek at the Woodley Lane road, in the District of Columbia. 

The bill was read twice by its title. 

Mr. HARRm. Mr. President, on the 7th of February the Committee on the District of Columbia, on the recommendation of the com- mi&Sioners of the District, instructed me to report substantially and 

almost literally the bill that has passed the House. And come to us. I 

.ask the Senate to consider it at this time. 

Mr. MORRILL. I think that bill ought to be printed, so that we can all see what it is. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Vermont objects 

to the present consideration of the bill. 

EXECUTIVE SESSION. 

Mr. BECK. I renew my motion for an executive session. 

The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the considemtion of executive business. After five minutes spent in executive 

se sion the doors were reopened, and (at 4 o'clock and 40 minutes p. m. ) the Senate adjourned ruitil to-morrow, Wednesday, February 15, 

18 , at 12 o'clock m. -

NO:\IINATIONS. 

E xecutive nominations 1·eceived by the Senate the 14th day of February, 1888. 

UKITED STATES JUARSHAL. 

Fernando J . Moreno, of Florida, to be marshal of the United States 

for the southern district of Florida, vice P..! A. Williams, term expired. 

.ASSffiTANT TREASURER UNITED STATES. 

Alexander McCue, of New York, to be assi tanttreasurerofthe United 

States at New York City, in the State of New York, in the place of 

Charles J. C~~da, resigned. 

POSTMASTERS. 

Wil)iam C. Smith, to be postmaster at Stockton, in the county of 

San Joaquin and State of California, in the place of Joseph M. Cavis, 

whose commission expires March 24, 1888. 

Charles Harrington, to be postmaster at Essex, in the county of 

Middlese,tr and State of Connecticut, in the place of Charles S. Mungen, whose commission expired February 4, 1 8. 

John P. :Merrill, to be postmaster at Crown Point, in the county of 

Lake and State of Indiana, in the place of William T. Horine, whose 

commiSsion expired February 12, 1888. 

P. W. Bundick, to be postmaster at Augusta, in the county of Butler and State of Kansas, in the place of Newton A. Yeager, whose com- mission expired February 12, 1888. 

John D. England, to be postm..1.ster at Lindsborg, in the county of 

McPherson and State of Kansas, in the place of William J. Henry, 

whose commission expired January 18, 1888. 

John McLaury, to be postmaster at Belleville, in the county of Republic and State of Kansas, in the place of Max J. Alwens, resigned. 

Justice Webb, to be postmaster at Georgetown, in the county o[Scott 

and State of Kentucky, in the place of Susan K. Burch, deceased. 

James A. Elder, to be postmasler at Emmitsburgh, in the county of 

Frederick ancl State of Maryland, in the place o£ Samuel N. McNair, 

whose commission expired January 24, 1888. 

George Cushing, to be postmaster at Hingham, in the county of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts, in the place of Ed win Wilder, whose 

commission expired December 20, 1887. 

Charles W. Ellison, to be postmaster at Melrose, in the cotmty of 

Middlesex and State of :Massachusetts, in the place of William L. Williams, deceased. James B. Lucas, to be postmaster at Romeo, in the county of Macomb and State of Michigan, in the place of James Gray, whose com- mission expired February 4, 1888. 

Isaac P. Bibbs, to be postmaster at Huntsville, in the county of Randolph and State of l\Iissouri, in the place of George W. Keebangh, 

whose commission expires March 5, 1888. 

Alonzo W. Doremus, to b~ postmaster at Boonton, in the county of 

Morris and State of New Jersey, in the place of Charles F. Hopkins, 

whose commission expired February 12, 1888. 

D. T. Graham, to be postmaster at Ma-dison, in the county of Madi- son and State of Nebraska, in the place of Thomas O'Shea, resigned. 

Felix R. Shepley, to be postmaster at Massillon, in the county of 

Stark and State of Ohio, in the place of Anthony Howells, resigned. 

Frank :J\f. Eastman, to be postmaster at Butler, in the county of Butler and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of Sallie A. Robinson, whose 

commission expired January 11, 1888. James B. Small, to be postmaster at York, in the county of York 

and 'State of Pennsylvania, in the place of James Kell, whose commission expires February 19, 1888. 

Miss Ella Lewi , to be postmaster at Gallatin, in the county of Sum- ner and State of Tennessee, in place of Albert A. Lewis, deceased. 

John C. Weatherred, to be postmaster at Tacoma, in the county of 

Pierce and Territory of Washington, in the place of Lammon E. Sampson, resigned. 

E. F. Donnelly, to be postmaster at White Water, in the county of 

Walworth and State ofWisconsin, in the place of Henry H. McGraw, 

whose commission expired January 16, 1888. 

CONFIRMATIONS. 

ExeCldive nominations confirmed by tlte Senate February 14, 1888. I 

ASSISTANT TREASURER. 

Alexander McCue, of New York, to be assistant treasurer of the 

United States at New York City, N.Y . 

1\IARSH.A.L. 

Benjamin F. Wade, of Ohio, to be marshal of the United States for 

the northern district of Ohio. 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

TUESDAY, Februa'ry 14, 1888. 

The House met at 12 o'clock m. Prayer by Rev. Dr. BRUSH, president of Dakota University. The Clerk proceeded to 1·ead the Journal of yesterday's proceeuings. 

The SPEAKER. If there be no objection, the reading of that portion of the Journal relating to the introduction and reference of bills 

will be dispensed with. 

There was no objection. 

The remainder of the Journal was read and approved. 

'.