1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. .645 

By Mr. WHEELER: Petition of heirs of Eliza J. Rudden, late of 

Jackson County, and of'John Hurst, of Colbert County, Alabama, for 

reference of their claims to the Court of Claims-to the Committee on W a.r Claims. 

By Mr. WILLIAM WHITING: Petition of Gilligan, commander 

Post 71, Grand Army of the Republic, of Holyoke, Mass., relating to 

pensions-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 

By Mr. WHITTHORNE: Papers in the case of Tolbert C. Ankeny, and of Mrs. Sarah Loftice, of Tennessee, for relief-to the Committee on War Claims. 

By Mr. WILKINS: Petition. for an international copyright law-to 

the Committee on Patents. 

By Mr. WISE: Papers in the case of N. H. Van Zandt-to the Committee on Pensions. 

By Mr. YOST: Memorial of citizens of West Virginia; protesting 

against the reduction of the duty on coal and coke, and asking that representatives of their interest may be heard by the Committee on Ways 

and Means-to the Committee on Wa.ys and Means'. 

The following petitions for an increase of compensation of fourthclass postmasters were severally referred to the Committee on the PostOffice and Post-Roads: 

resolution of March 2, 1887, certain information concerning the rules 

and regulations in force at the custom-house in New York during the 

years 1876 and 1878, and at Baltimore during the years 1871, 1872, 

1873, 1874, and 1875; which, with the accompanying papers, was ordered to lie on the table and be printed. 

He also laid before the Senate a communication from the Secretary 

of the Treasury, transmitting, in response to a resolution of January 

17, 1888, certain information concerning the amount of, revenue col- · 

lected by the Government under the provisions of the internal-revenue 

law, and the amendments thereto; which, with the accompanying 

papers, was ordered to lie on the table and be printed. 

He also laid before the Senate a communication from the Secretary 

of the Interior, transmitting a report from the Commissioner of the 

General Land Office, with supplementary inclosures, in the .matter of 

the private land claim in New Mexico known as the Las Padillas or El 

Tajo tract, No. 146; which, with the accompanying documents, was, on motion of Mr. CuLLOM, referred to the Committee on Private Land 

Claims, and ordered to be printed. 

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 

The PRESIDENT pro ·tempore laid before the Senate a letter from 0. 

C. Marsh, president, transmitting a report of the operations of the National Academy of Sciences during the past year; which, with the ac- companying report, was referred to the Committee on Printing. By lYir. C. L. ANDERSON: Of John Smith and others, of Lake 

Como, Jasper County, and of S. D. Russell and others, of Uissionary, 

Jasper County, Mississippi. INDIAN MARRIAGES. 

By Mr. BARRY: Of H. W. McQuinn and others, of Mississippi, The PRESIDENT p ro empore laid before the Senate the following 

and of Thomas Williams and others, of Mississippi. messa~e from the House of Representatives: 

'By Mr. BUTLER: Of citizens of Clover Bottoms, Sullivan County; IN THE HousE oF REPRESENTATIVES, of citizens of Key Station, Johnson County; of citizens of Boring, Sul- Janua111 20, 1888. 

livan County; of citizens of Vance's Tank, Sullivan County, and of Ordered, That the Clerk be directed to return to the Senate, in compliance 

citizens of Bloomingdale, Sullivan County, Tennessee. fif~fa~s~~~::~· the bill (S. 928) in relation to marriage between white men and 

By Mr. CANDLER: Of W. W. Erwin, T. J. Haralson and others, Th PRES DENT Ch · ll h tte t· f th Union County, Georgia. e I pro tempore. The a1r ca s t ea n 1on o e 

Also, of M.A . .Painter, A.M. Brockman and others, of Georgia. Senator from South Carolina [Mr. BUTLER] to the message from the 

B M CRISP Of J M c 1 d th f M · c t House of Representatives. Y r. : · · oog e an ° ers, 0 arion onn y, Mr. BUTLER. I withdraw the motion to reconsider the vote by Georgia. By Mr. R. H. M. DAVIDSON: Of w. T. Dees and others, of Mayo~ La which the bill was passed, if I have the right to do so. I have exam- Fayette County, Florida, and of John Crowley and others, of Miakka, ined the bill as it passed the Senate and I see that it was amended to 

Fla. conform to my views. Therefore I have no objection to it. 

By Mr. ENLOE: Of R. w. Caffey and others, of Caffey, McNairy The PRESIDENT pro tempore. If the motion to reconsider is withCounty, Tennessee. drawn by unanimous consent, the bill stands passed. 

By Mr. GALLINGER: OfA. A. Gibson and others, of Walpole, N.H. . Mr. E:QMUNDS. I should like~ hear the bill read at length. I 

By Mr. HAYES: Of citizens in the Second Congressional district of did not happen to be present when .1t was passed. Iowa. · . M:. VEST. I do not see the semor Senator from. Te~ [Mr. C~H~E] 

By Mr. HERMANN: Of citizens of Parkers burgh in Coos County . m hlB sea:t; ~ut he sp~ke to _me yesterday abou~ this. b~, and he lB m- Oregon. ' ' terested m _Its reconsi~eratwn. I hope the bill will lie over for the 

Also, of citizens of Rock Point, Jackson County, and of citizens of present until he comes mto the Chamber. 

Hebo, Tillamook County, Oregon. The P_RESI~E~T pro tempore. The message of the House of RepB.y Mr. LANHAM: Of citizens of Comanche and Somerville Counties, resentatives will lie on the table for the present. 

Texas. HOUSE BILLS REFERRED. 

ByMr.LEE: OfcitizensofLaGrange,KingGeorgeCounty,Virginia. The bill (H. R. 484) for the relief of Thomas C. Dickey was read 

By Mr. McCLAMMY: Petition ofcitizensofNorval, Harnett County, twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and 

North Carolina, and of citizens of Gray's Creek, Cumberland County, Post-Roads. 

North Carolina. The bill (H. R. 1604) to change the time of the sessions of the cir- · By Mr. McKINLEY: Of citizens of North George, Columbiana cuit court of the western division of the western district of Missouri · 

County, Ohio. was rea-d twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the JnBy Mr. RICHARDSON: Of J. A. -Reagon and others, of Bedford diciary. 

County, Tennessee. The bill (H. R. 5514) to amend section 4883 of the Revised Statutes 

By Mr. ROGERS: Of citizens of Arkansas, and of citizens of Crow, was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Patents. 

Scott County, Arkansas. 

By Mr. SOWDEN: Of JohnSmithandothe'rs, ofLehigh County, and 

of Alfred W. Hendricks and others, of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. 

Also, of Francis Weiss and others, of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. 

By Mr. CHARLES STEW ART: Of citizens of Humble, Tex. 

SENATE. 

PRINTING OF P A.CIFIC RAIL W A. Y COMMISSION REPORT. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the following 

concurrent resolution of the House of Representatives; which, on mo- tion of Mr. CULLOM, was referred to the Committee on Printing: 

Resolved by the House of .Representatives (the Senate concurring), That there be 

printed for the use of the House 10,000. copies of the President's message and 

accompanying reports of the majority and minority of the Pacific Railroad 

Commission. 

PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. 

TUESDAY, Januf!'ry 24, 1888. The PRESIDENT pro tempore presented resolutions adopted by the 

Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. J. G. BuTLER, D. D. Chamber of Commerce of Salt Lake City, Utah, and indorsed by a con- The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. vention of the wool-growers of the Territory of Utah, representing two 

INDUSTRIAL HOME IN UTAH. million five hundred thousand sheep and an invested capital of $8,000,-

000, remonstrating against any reduction in the tariff upon wool or The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the following woolens; which were referred to the Committee on Finance. 

message from the President of the United States; which was read, and, He also presented a memorial of citizens of the District of Columbia, on motion of Mr. CULLOM, was, with the accompanying papers, referred remonstrating against the granting of a right of way to the Baltimore 

to the Committee on Territories, and ordered to be printed. · and Ohio Railroad Company, or the building of a tunnel through or 

!l'o the Senate and House of Representatives: under Tenth or Eleventh streets east for the use of that road; which 

I transmit herewith the first report of the board of control created by the act was referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. . ?f Con~ress app:oved A.u~st 4, 1886 (24 Stat., ?f>~). for the management of an He also presented two petitions numerously signed by citizens of the mdustrtal home m the Terntory of Utah, containing a. statement of the action 

of the board in establishing the home, and an account of expenditures from District of Columbia, praying for prohibition in the District of Columthe appropriation made for that purpose in the act above mentioned. bia; which were referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

ExECUTIVE MANsioN, January 23, 1888• GROVER CLEVELAND. Mr. VOORHEES presented the petition of William Gallagher, of 

Elkhart, Ind., praying for an increase of pension; which was referred 

EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS. ~ to the Committee on Pensions. 

The PRESIDENT pro·ternpore laid before the Senate a comlllunica- He also presented the petition of Charlotte Frederick, of Evansville, 

tion from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting, in response to a Ind., praying for a pension as the widow of Louis Frederick, late of 
• 

646. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 24, 

United States gunboats Tyler, etc., Mississippi Flotilla; which was re- fened to the Committee on Pensions. 

He also presented the petition of W. R. Hicks, of Ligonier, Ind., 

praying that he be granted a pension; which was referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

Mr. CULLOM presented a memorial of the board of county -commissioners of Idaho County, Idaho Territory, remonstrating against the 

division of Idaho Territory by the annexation of any of the counties of 

Idaho to Washin.:,oton Tenitory; which was referred to the Committee 

on Territories. 

He also presented a petition of 35 citizens of the Eleventh Congressional district of the State of illinois, praying for prohibition in the 

District of Columbia; which was .referred to the Committee on the 

District of Columbia. · He also presented resolutions adopted by the board of health of the 

city of Rockford, ill., favoring the enactment of legislation providing 

for a Hational quarantine to prevent the introduction of cholera into 

the United States; which were referred to the Committee on Epidemic Diseases. 

l'lfr, VEST presented re,solutions adopted by the board of directors of 

the Commercial Exchange, of Kansas City, Mo., favoring legislation 

for the purpose of governmental control of the system of telegraphy in 

the United States; which were referred to the Committee on Post-Offices 

and Post-Roads. 

111r. TELLER. In behalf of the senior Senator from Virginia [Mr. 

RIDDLEBERGER], who is unable to makehimselfheard,owing to some difficulty in his throat (and for the first timein his life he is unable to 

talk), I present the petition of 28 citizens of the Second Congressional 

district of West Virginia and the petition of71 citizens of the Eighth 

Congressional district of Virginia, praying lor prohibition in the District of Columbia. I move that the petitions be referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

The motion was agreed to. . ~1r. BATE presented a petition of 205 citizens of the Second Congressional district of Tennessee, praying for prohibition in the District 

of Columbia; which was referred to the Committee on the District of 

Columbia. 

l'lfr. JONES, of Arkansas, presented a petition of 50 citizens of the 

Fifth Congressional district of Arkansas, praying for prohibition in the 

District of Columbia; which was referred to the Committee on the 

District of Columbia. · l'lfr. STOCKBRIDGE presented a petition of 126 citi.mns of the 

Third and Fourth Congressional districts of Michigan, praying for prohibition in the District;of Columbia; which was referred to the Committee on 'the District of Columbia. 

Mr. HISCOCK presented the petition of George Steph, of Utica, N. 

Y., praying to be allowed a pension; which was referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

Mr. COCKRELL presented resolutions adopted by the boa d of directors of the Commercial Exchange of Kansas City, Mo., declaring 

that thejmisdiction of the civil laws ofthe United States ought to be 

extended over the Indian Territory, and provision made for process 

against defaulting debtors absconding into that Territory; which were referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. 

He also presented a resolution adopted by the Exchange Building 

Association of Kansas City, Mo., in favor of the adoption by the Government of the telegraph postal system; which was referred to the 

Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. 

:M:r. MITCHELL presented resolutions adopted at a meeting of the 

Nevada: Eastern Oregon, and Idaho Wool-Growers' Association, held 

at Winnemucca, Nev.,January3, lBBB,;remonstratingagainstareduction 

of the tariff on wool; which were referred to the Committee on Finance. 

He also presented a petition of citizens of Oregon, praying that increased compensation be allowed fourth-class postmasters; which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. 

Mr. STEWART presented the petition of William Schaus, of New 

York City, praying for a refund of certain import duties alleged to have 

been wrongfully paid by him; which was referred to the Committee on Claims. 

Mr. GIBSON presented two petitions signed by D. L. Green and 

other citizens of Louisiana, praying that increased .compensation be allowed to fourth-class postmasters; which were referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. 

Mr. MORGAN presented a petition of the members of the faculty of 

the 1\Iarion Military Institute, at Marion, Ala., praying for the speedy 

enactment of an international copyright law; which was referred to 

the Committee on Patents. 

Ur. CAMERON presented a petition from citizens of the Ninth Congressional district of Pennsylvania, praying that Utah be not admitted as a State with polygamy; which was referred to the Committee on Territories. 

He also presented a petition of 64 citizens of the Twenty-third Con- gr~onal district of Pennsylvania, praying for prohibition in the Distnct of Columbia; which was referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

Mr. ~V ARTS. I present the petition of David Dudley Field, Abram 

S. Hewitt, and three others. constituting a committee appointed at a 

public meeting of citizens of New York, in favor of a treaty between 

the United States and the United Kingdom 6f Great Britmn and Ireland providing for an arbitration of any differences arising between 

the two countries . . The petition has been carefully and ably drawn in 

the representation and enforcement of the principal topics that relate 

to this subject; and in asking that it be referred to the Committee on ForeignRelationsibegleave to ask thatitma.y beprintedin the RECORD. 

The PRESIDENT pro tmnp01·e. The Senator from New York asks 

that the petition he has just presented may be printed in the RECORD. 

Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and the petition will be re- ferred totheCommittee~onForeignRelations and printed in the REcoRD. 

The petition' is as follows: 

To the SenaU and House of Representati-r;es of the United States of .Ame1·ica in Congress assembled: 

The memorial ofthe undersigned respectfully represents that five of them were appointed by the mayor of the city of New York to be a committee, of which 

he was to be ea: o.[ficio a member, pursuant to a resolution of a public meeting of 

citizens, to urge upon the Congress and the President the making of a treaty 

with Great Britain for the settlement by arbitration of differences that may arise between that country and our own; and in pursuance of this appointment they beg leave to present this memorial. · The occasion of the meeting was to receive a deputation of Englishmen who 

ha.d come hither to present t{) the Congress and President a memorial signed 

by 233 members of the ·no use of Commons, in favor of a treaty between the Unit~d States of America and the United Kingdom ofGreatBritainand Ireland, 

stipulating for a. reference to arbitration of all differences between the two countries which could not be settled by diplomacy. The fact of such a memo· rial is a signal manifestation of confidence and good-will, and the characters 

of those who signed lit and of those who presented it require for it respectful 

attention. .As citizens of a friendly nation we can not be insensible. to this man- ifestation, and as lovers of peace we oan not be inattentive to the direction in 

which public sentiment is tending among the people from whom we derived our origin. Our pride of country will not suffer us to lag behind our English 

brethren in the interchange of fraternal sentiments and in co-operation for the 

welfare of man. The aim of the proposal is to confirm the friendship and increase the securHy of each nation. Not that each is not strong enough to repel all attacks, but we know by what suffering and sacrifice an attack ~repelled, and therefore how 

wise and prudent it is to lessen the chances of its coming. If we look beyond ourselves, it is something- to consider what may be the ef· 

feet of such a treaty as we propose upon the future of mankind. "While it is true that if our two nations can not agree t{) form such a treaty no other nations can, it is also true that when once we shall have made it our example must have an influence upon other branches of the human family. If the world should see, as we hope it will, that the two great English-speaking nations have promised to live in peace with each other, and have kept t.he promise and prospered in 

the keeping, it would not be long before the spectacle would attract the atten- tion and the sympathy of other nations, and by the force of self-interest lead 

them to disburden themselves of their intolerable armaments and leaving the 

ranks of unprosperous war take the side of prosperous peace. It is the daily prayer of one of the churches of Christendom, "Give us peace in our time, 0 Lord," and alike prayer goes up from every holy temple. 

War is not what it used to be in the days of our fathers. The General of our Army has lately declared, on a public oceasion, that the weapons of warfare 

have become so destructive that they must needs cause wars to cease and oblige nations to resort to arbitration for the settlement of their disputes, or, he might 

have added, modern warfare will reduce mankind to the barbarism of the primeval ages. 

War being an unspeakable evil, how shall a nation be prevented from attacking another for some cause, real Ol' feigned, some grievance or some pretense ? 

This is our answer: "By agreeing beforehand that it will not attack without 

first offering to submit its grievances to impartial arbitrators." This would at once put an end to simulated grievances and furnish a remedy for real ones. It 

would substitute the arbitrament of reason for the arbitrament of the sword. It is easy for a cavalier to say that an agreement to arbitrate made before a dispnte began will not be kept when the passions become hot in its progress. This, 

however, can not be known until the method has been trieq. Show u.s the in· stance in which an agreement to submit to arbitration the differences between two nations has been broken, and we will admit that the objection may have 

force. 

Since lhe general pacifi.Cfttion of 1815 there have been nearly sixty instances 

of arbitration for the settlement of international disputes, some of them involving the great questions of international right and some only the ascertainment 

of extent of injury. The following is a list, imperfect perhn.ps, but sufficiently accurate to show that the measure is not only not visionary but eminently practicable: ' 

1. Arbitration between the United States and Great Britain in 1816 (about St. 

Ct·oix River and the lakes). 

2. The United States and Great Britain in 1818 (about obligation to restore slaves). Referred to the Emperor of Russia. - 3. The United States and Spain in 1819 (respecting Florida. claims). 

4. The United States and Great Britain in 1827 (about boundaries). Referred to the King of the Nether lands. 

5. The United States and Denmark in 1830. 6. Belgium and Holland in 1834. 

7. France and England in 1835. 

8. The United States and Mexico in 1839. 

9. The United States and Portugal in 1851. Referred to t-he Emperor of the 

French. 

10. 'l'he United States and England in 1853. ll. The United States and New Granada in 1857. 

12. The United States and Chili in 1858. 

13. The United Sta.tes and Paraguay in 1859. ll. The United States and Costa. Rica in 1860. 

15. The United States and Ecuador in 1862. 

16. Great Britain and Brazil in 1863. 

17. The United States and Peru in 18#)3. 

18. The United Stat~s and Great Britain in 1863 (about Hudson's Bay Company). 

19. The United States and Ecuador in 1864.. 

20. The United States and Venezuela. in 1865. 

21. France and Prussia. in 1867. 

22. Turkey and Greece in 1867. 

23. England and Spain in 1867. 

24. The United States and Mexico in 1868. 

25. The United States and Peru in 1868. • 26. 'l'he United States and Peru in 1869. Referred to the King of the Belgians. 

27. The United States and Brazil in 1870. 28. Great Britain and Portugal in 1870. 29. The United States and Spain in IBn. . 30. The United States and Great Britain (on the Alabama) in 187L 

31. The United States and Great Britain in 1871 (about sundry claims). 
• 

:· ..-. 

1888. ·coNGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. 

32. The United States and Great Britain (the San Juan dispute) in 1871. 33. The United State and Great Britain (about Nova. Scotia. fisheries)~ 1871 .. 34. Great Britain and Brazil in 1873. Referred to United States and Italian mm· isters a t Rio. 35. Italy and Switzerla nd in 1874. Referred to United States minister in Italy. 36. Grea t Britain and Portugal (about Delagoa Bay) in 1875. P.eferred to the P1·eside nt of the French Rep ublic. 37. China and Japan in 1876. 

38. Persia and Afghanista.n (Seistan arbitration) in 1877. 39. Great Britain and Liberia in 1879. 40. The United States and Spain (about Cuba} in 1879. 41. Great Britain and Niearagua in1879. 4.2. The United States and France in 1880. 43. The Unit-ed States and Costa. Rica.in 1881. 44. France and Nicaragua in 1881. 45. Chili and Colombia in 1&!1. 4G. Great Britain and Nicaragua (about Mosquito Indians) in 1881. 47: Chili and Argentine Republic (about Straits of :Magellan, etc.) in 1881. Re- ferred to the President of the United Stat-es. 48. Holland and Hayti in 1882. 49. The United States and Hayti in ]884. 50. 'l'he United Sta.tes and Spain in 1885. 51. England and Germany (about the Fiji Islands). 52. The United States and Denmark in 1887. · 53. Germany and Spain (about the Caroline Islands). Referred to the Pope. 54. England, France, and Italy with Chili (about losses in the war between Chili and Peru). 55. Peru and Japan (about the seizure of a Peruvian bark). · 56. Nicaragua and Costa Rica (about boundary). Referred to President Cleveland in July, 1887. 57. 'The Berlin cono-ress of 1878 was really a court of arbitration, held by seven principal pow~rs, to settle the claims of all the different states in the Balkan Peninsula. , ' 58. '.rhe Danubian commission, established in 1856, is really a standing inter· national arbitration. 'l'hese are instances of occasional arbitration; arbitration entered into as a controversy happened to arise. Within the last two decades a. strong move- ment has been made towards permanent agreements to arbitrate, either general, for all difl:erences, or special, for questions of a particular character, as, for exam· ple, the interpretation of treaties. The history of this movement is instructive. In July, 1872, a. resolution, 

moved by 1\lr. Henry Richard, was passed by the British House of Commons in favor of an instruction to the foreign secretary to "enter into communication with foreign powers with a view to the further improvement of international law and the establishment of a general system of international arbitration." The examvle was soon followed in other countries. In November, 1873, a res· olution was passed unanimously by the Italian Chamber of Deputies in favor of arbitration. In March, 1874, the Second Chamber of the Swedish Diet adopted a silnilar resolution. So did the States-General of the Netherlands in the November following. In January, 1875, a motion to the same effect was carried in the Belgian Chamber of Deputies and afterwards adopted unani- mously by the Senate. Although the question has not yet been formally 

brought forward in the French Assembly, a. resolution was carried there in 1878 referdng a petition that bad been presented on the subject to the minister of foreign affairs, "to whom," it was added, "shall be left in charge to deter- mine the opportune moment when this idea, already tried with success, should be submitted for the consent of states whose constitution and principles arc best adapted for seeking in concert its realization." In 1878, an Italian statesman, l\fr. !!Iancini, knowing that his government was about to negotiate or renew treaties of commerce with other countrieS", carried a resolution in the Italian Chamber recommending that such treaties be ac- companied by a slipulafion for settlement by arbitration of controversies re- specting their interpretations or the consequences of their violations. He was afterwards appointed minister for foreign affairs, and himself negotiated some eighteen or nineteen treaties, each accompanied by the arbitral stipula.-

tion,_one of which was concluded with Great Britain in 188.'3. The Berlin con.~rress of 1884, in which fifteen diffe rent powers were repre· sen ted, held for the settlement or the relations between the different states on the Cong-o, contained a provision for arbitration in case of disputes between these states. Swit2erlund in 1883 proposed to the United States to enter into an arbitral convention for thirty years, binding the contracting parties to submit any dif- ferences arising between them to a. tribunal of three members, one to be chosen by each party and the third by those two, or, if they should disagree. by a neu- tral government . . Regarding this proposal the President made use of the fol- lowing language in his annual message to Congress: "The Helvetirm Confederation has proposed the inauguration of a. class of international treaties for the referment to arbitration of grave questions be- tween nations. This Government has assented to the proposed negotiation of such 2. treaty with Switzerland." 

Colombia and Honduras have entered int-o a treaty by which they have bounu themselves to submit all differences to arbitration, the arbitrator to be the President of the United States for the time being, if the parties do not agree upon a. different arbitrator. Our own country has not only shown its own disposition in favor of arbitra- tion by the repeateu agreements that we have mentioned, but by many expres- sions of public men. A resolution in favor of general arbitration was passed 

by the Honse of Representatives in 1874. One was introduced int-o the Senate in 1882. Another is now pending in the Senate. President Grant by example and bypreceptrecommendedsuchacourseto his countrymen. In an address to a Philadelphia society, after his return from a voyage around the world, he said," Though I have been trained as a soldier, and have part.icipated in many battles, there never was a. time when, in my opinion, some way could not have been found of preventing the drawing of the sword. 

I look forward to an epoch when a court recognized by all nations will settle international differences instead of keeping large standing armies, as they do in Europe.'' ..Presidents Hayes and Garfield did not hesitate to declare their concurrence in th e same views. These instances answer the objection that arbitration for the settlement of in· ternational disput-es is not a. pra{ltical measure. Other objections have been maue, but we think it easy to answer them. It has been said that for a nation to bind itself beforehand to submit it.s disputes to arbitrat-ors is to waive its independ- ence. They who say this forget that the engagement is reciproc..'tl, and that when we bind ourselves not to make war upon England, she also binds herself not t-o make wa1· upon us, and that would be a greatstR-p in ad vance towards that peace on earth which we profess to believe is to follow the military ages, and to be demanded alike by the dictates of reason and the precepts of religion. We do not b ind ourselves to submit to wrongs of aggression; we but agree not to com· mit the wrongs ourselves. When, soon after the close of the last war with Eng· land, we agreed with her to keep only a nominal force of ships of war on the Great Lakes, we were not shorn of our independence any more than she was shorn of hers. We agreed that it was better for us, and for all our people on both sides of the line, that the waters of these inland seas should be reserved for the white sails of commerce, without menace or disquiet from rival armaments. We bound ourselves, as greatand brave nations, todowhatgreatand brave men 

do in private life: walk peacefully and confidently, under the protection of mu- tual faith and honor. · It has b een. asked, Why provide against possible contention? Waitfor its com- ing, and then, if diplon;mc-;r ~ail us, resort t? _arbitration. \~e answer, that this is not the way men do m CIVIlized communttws. They provide beforehand the requisite machinery fQr terminating disputes, because that i.s the best for the peace· and order of society. The fact tl_mt repression is ready tends l<? prevent ag~ssion. The effervescence of passiOn finds a vent, and an explosiOn from pent-up forces is prevented. It has been said that a promise in all cases to arbitrate would deprive us of weapons of retaliation, less than war, like those threatened lately in respect of the fisheries. We answer, tha t it is war and war only, t he great, dominant, 

overwhelming evil, which it is the aim of the present movement to prevent. It is the bloody conflict of arms, the human butchery, the cities bombarded, the homes decimated, the widow~ and children left d esolate; it is these which we seek to prevent, and it is the means of preventing them tha t we are urging upon Congress, the Executive, and the country. . It has been said that a. tribunal of arbitration would furnish no radical cure for international jealousies. Perhaps it would not. It is war, n ot jealousi_es, that the proposal of arbitration seeks to prevent. Courts of law do not furniSh a radical cure nor a,ny cure at all, for jealousies between ci tizens of the same State or thes~e city. Whoever thought of that as a reason for abolishing the tribunals of justice? It has been said that our experience of international arbitration has not been encouraging. , This is said beca nse the. Halifa:c tribunal decided against us. But what about the Alabama tribunal, wh1ch deCided for us? Do we measure our approval by our success? What, moreover, will our adver~aries Sli;Y? .They lose if we gain. The objectors forget that when t~oengagemanarb.It:J?ahonor 

a lawsuit, one or the other must lose. But what lS the loss of ten millions or a hundred millions compared with the loss of a great war to both the combatants? It has been said that the cost of the battle of Solferino would have sufficed to build a ship-canal across the Isthmus of Darien. Another class of objeciors bid us to bear in mind the unfriendly feelings which the Eno-lish people have frequently manifested towards us; the l;wo cruel wars we ba;'e had with them, and the disdain with which they hR.ve sometimes, thouo-h long ago and ignorantly, affected to treat us, and would make these.rec- ollections reasons for not agreeing to arbitration with them now. r_ro our =ds these are the very reasons for pro\id ing beforehand an honorable means of set- tling possible disputes. We might add tha t we have something better to do than to brood over the hates of buried generations. - Yet even in the old days of misapprehension and distrust there were not wanting words of conciliation and promise of mutual forbearance. The first treaty concluded between Great Britain and the United Sta.tes, under their pres- ent Constitution, declared that there should be a" firm, inviolable, an? univ~rsal 

peace" between the English King and people and our people,_ and It proVIde~ 

for two arbitrations to adjust reciprocal claims of English subJects a~d Ameri- can citizens for injuries sustained during the war. By a sepa.rn.te article of the tt·eaty it, was" expressly stipulated that neither of the contracting parties would 

(will) order or authorize any acts of reprisal against the other on complaints of injuries or damages, until t.he said party should (shall) first llave presented to the other a statement thereof and verified by competent proof aud evidence, and demanded justice and satisfaction, and the same should (shall) either have been reftlSed or unreasonably delayed." 'Ve know that it is one of the traditions of our Republic to avoid entangling alliances and we do not wish to break the tradition. The treaty which we ad- vocate c;cates no entanglement and no alliance. It would not bind us to h elp our kinsmen beyond the sea. any more than it would bind them to help us. 0~ 

the contrary, it would bind them.to l~t us alone, ifwe_letthemalone. The tradi- tion bas not prevented our entermg mt_o many treaties; the. statute-bo?~. are full of them. There are t1·eaties of am tty and commer ce wtth every CIVilized 

country on the face of the earth, filled with minute regulations f?r th~ conduct of government and people, and we are at this mom~nt engaged lD daily tran:s· actions numberless in fact, under a. postal convent iOn, concluded at Berne, ill 

1874, by which we h ave bound ourselves to tw~ ty other sovereign ~tates. The people of the United States may take pr1de to themselves that m so many instances they have submitted their differences to the decision of arbitrators, and have done so oftener tha n any other people in the world. We shall thus be following only our own precedents if we propose the policy of ~rbitration to any of our associates in the family of nations, and more than all if we propose it to our kindred over the water. one with u.s in blood, one in speech, and one in free institutions. We b eg, therefore, most respectfully to ask from Congress the passage of a joint r esolution, requesting the President to propose to th.e Governm.en~ of Great Britain the making of a trea ty between the two natiOns, for a limited period at least, providing in substance tha t in case a difference should arise be- tween them respecting the interpr etation of any treaty which they ha ve made or may hereafter m ake with eRch other, or any claim of either under the estab- lished law of nations, or r especting the boundary of any of their respective pos- sessions, or r especting any wrong alleged to have been committed by either nation upon the other or its members, or any duty omitted, it shall be the earn- est endeavor of both the contracting parties to accommodate the difference by 

conciliatory n egotiation; and t hat in no event shall either nation begin a war ao-ainst the other without first ofl:e ring to submit the d ifference between them t;; arbitrators, chosen a..o:; m ay be then agreed, or if there be no different agree· ment, then by three arbitrators, on to be chosen by e!l{!h party, and an umpire 

by those so chosen; it being understoo~, however1 that ar?itration as thus pro- vided for shall not extend to any question respectmg- the Independence or sov- ereignty of either nation, its equality with othe r nations, its form of g0ve1"D- ment, its internal affairs, or its continental policy. 

And your memorialists, as in duty bound, will1r1\lH5YnU\?>i~i FIELD. 

ANDREW CARNEGIE. MORRIS K. JESSUP. CHARLES A. PEABODY. DORMA.l."f B. EATON. .ABRAMS. HEWITT. NEW YonK, January 10,1888. • 

:M:r. HALE presented a petition of the America.n Forestry Congress 

&nd other citizens of the United States, praying for legislation to protect American forest and timber lands; which was referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. 

Mr. ALLISON presented a petition of the Cigar-1fakC'rs' Union, No. 

88, of Dubuque, Iowa, praying for the retention of the internal-:evenue 

tax on cigars and tobacco; which was referred to the Comllllttee on 

Finance. 

Mr. DAVIS presented a petition of the president and faculty of 

Carleton College, at Northfield, Minn., praying for the enactme~t of an international copyright law; which was referred to the Committee on Patents. 

He also present-ed a petition of the St. Paul (Minn.) Jobbers' Union, 

praying for the abolition of all taxes and licenses levied upon com-:-
648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 24, 

mercial.travelers; which was referred t{) the Committee on Interstate 

Commerce. 

He also presented a petition of the St. Paul (Minn.) Jobbers' Union, 

praying for an amendment of the interstate-commerce act; which was referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. 

Mr. GEORGE presented a petitionofmembersofthe faculty-ofM:ississippi College, at Clinton, Miss., and other citizensofthat State, praying for the speedy enactment of an international copyright law; which was referred to the Committee on Patents. 

Mr. HAMPTON presented a petition of citizens of South Carolina, 

praying that an appropriation be made for the improvement of theCongaree River, in that State; which was referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

Mr. SAWYER presented a petition of 136 citizens of the Eighth and 

Second Congressional districts of Wisconsin, praying for prohibition in 

the District of Columbia; which was referred to the Committee on the 

Dish'ict of Columbia. · 

Mr. SPOONER presented a memorial of citizens of Superior, Wis., 

remoJ.strating against the passage of Senate bill 361, granting to the 

puluth, Superior and Wisconsin Railroad the right to build a bridge over navigable waters of the United States at the head of Lake Superior, to wit, between Connor's Point, in the State of Wisconsin;and 

Rice's Point, in the State of Minnesota; which was referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

Mr. HOAR presented a petition of 73 citizens of the Sixth Congressional district of Massachusetts, praying for the passage of a bill prohibiting the manufacture ~nd sale of alcoholic beverages in the District 

of Columbia; which was referred to the Committee on the District of 

Columbia. · 

Mr. QUAY presented a petition of206 citizensofthe Twenty-fourth 

and Twenty-first Congressional districtB of Pennsylvania, praying for 

prohibition in the District of Columbia; which was referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

Mr. FARWELL presented five petitions of citizens of the Fourth, 

Fifth, Sixth, Twelfth, and Eighteenth Congressional districts of Illinois, praying for prohibition in the District of Columbia; which was referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

Mr. CALL. I present the petitio~ of Erich Brand, B. M. Wichers, 

John R. Osburn, J. W. Wells, and other citizens of the State of Florida 

and county of Fernando, praying for the forfeiture of the grant of public lands made in 1856 to the State of Florida for the construction of 

certain lines of railroad in that State. --The petitioners allege that these 

roads have never been built in compliance with the terms of the act of 

Congress, that they are not now built, and that no grant has ever bei:m 

made by the State of Florida to any of these corporations of the lands 

obtained under this grant. The petitioners further allege that they are settlers upon the public lands who have placed valuable improvements 

upon them, and that they are now notified by persons claiming these 

railroad grants that they can not have their lands unless they pay $30 

an acre. They submit correspondence with the agents of the railroad 

company,andaskCongresstoenactcertainlegislationfortheirprotection. 

I move that the petition be referred tothe Committee on Public Lands. 

The motion was agreed to. 

RAILROAD RECEIVERS. 

Air. CALL. I give notice, in connection with the petition I have 

just presented, that on Monday next, after the morning hour, I shall 

ask leave to address some observations to the Senate upon the resolution which I submitted on the 12th of December, and which now lies on the table, looking to such legislation as may be necessary to protect 

creditors in their liens on railroads under the management of receivers. 

THE CONGRESSIONAL LIBRARY BUILDING. 

Mr. VEST. I present the memorial of Elias E. Barnes, of the city of 

W ashrngton, in regard to the work being done on the Congressional Library building; and I wish to say a few words in relation to the matter before asking the reference of the memorial to the appropriate committee. 

Soon after the holiday recess I offered a resolution inquiring into the 

cause of the delay in the construction of the Congressional Library 

building. As I have received a large number of communications, some of them anonymous, and others from persons of whom I know nothing, ~n regard to that resolution, making all sorts of charges against the architect, I wish to say that I submitted that resolution without consultation with anybody. I do not know the Mr. Barnes whose memorial 

I hold in my hand, and who is a contractor on the foundation for that 

building. I used the words of the resolution deliberately, without 

consultation with any human being. I happened to be passing by the 

site of the Library building and I was astounded to find that after some 

five months the foundation, even, had not been prepared. It struck me 

as a remarkable state of case, considering the amount of money we had 

appropriated and the elaborate preparations which l1ad been made for 

the construction of that building, and as a public official and a citizen 

of the United States I felt it my duty to offer the resolution . .After the resolution was offered I had a conversation with Mr. 

Spofford, who is upon the commission, and with .l\'Ir. Clark, the public 

architect, and they gave snc.h entirely antagonistic reasons why the 

work had not gone on that I was confirmed in the propriety of hav- in~ acted as I did. 

In response to that resolution I find a report from the Library Commission which I glanced over and which gives Mr. Smithmeyer's side 

of the case. In this memorial, which I have not read and which was brought to me last night by the attorney of :Mr. Barnes, I presume 

his side of the question is given. 

Without knowing anything about the merits of the question, but 

with full knowledge of the personnel of the commission, acquired by 

reason of my having served forten years upon the Committee on Public 

Buildings and Grounds, I wish to say that if the commission remains as it is now constituted the young!!st man in Washington City will never see that building completed. The relations between the public 

architect and Mr .. Smithmeyer are such that they will never agree, in 

my judgment, upon any proposition connected with that building. 

With that remark, I simply submit this memorial, without taking 

any sides in the controversy, and with the view only that the building 

shall be completed as rapidly as possible. 

I move the reference of the memorial·to the Committee on .Additional 

.Accommodations for the Library. 

The motion was agreed to. 

M:r. VOORHEES subsequently said: While I wns absent from my 

seat a few moments ago the Senator from Missouri [Mr. VEST] presented the memorial of Elias E. Barnes on the subject of cement, etc., 

for the Congressional Library building. The memorial was referred to 

the Committee on Additional Accommodations for the Library, and I 

ask that it may be printed so that it will be convenient to look at; ancl 

at the proper time I shall have something to say on the subject. 

:M:r. VEST. Let it be printed. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The memorial will be printed, if 

there be no objection. 

REPORTS OF COl\fMITTEES. 

Mr. MORRILL. I am directed by the Committee on Finance, to 

whom was referred the bill (S. 511) to credit and pay to the several 

States and Territories and the District of Columbia all moneys collected 

under the direct tax levied by the act of Congress approved .August 5, 

1861, to move that it be indefinitely postponed,·the subject having 

already been acted upon by the Senate. 

The bill was postponed indefinitely. 

Mr. SPOONER, from the Committee on the District of Columbia, to 

whom was referred the bill (S. 155) relating to the manufacture and 

sale of gas in the city ofWashington,!in the District of Columbi.h, and 

amendatory of an act entitled "An act regulating gas-works," approved 

June 23, 1874, reported it without amendment. 

Mr. QUAY, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was referred 

the bill (S. 122) granting a pension to Samuel Lane, reported it without amendment, and submitted a report thereon. 

He also, from the same committee, to wiwm was referred the petition 

of John F. Ballier, late colonel Ninety-eighth Regiment Pennsylvania 

Volunteers and brevet brigadier-general, praying to be allowed an in- crease of pension, submitted a report thereon, accompanied by a bill (S. 

1613) granting an increase of pension to John F. Ballier; which was 

read twice by its title. 

He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the petition of Phillipe Ray, of Philadelphia, Pa., praying to be allowed a pension, submitted a report thereon, accompanied by a bill (S. 1614) grant- . ing a pension to Phillipe Ray; which was read twice by itB title. 

Mr. SAWYER. I am directed by the Committee on Pensions, to 

whom wa.s referred the bill (S. 827) granting restoration of pension to 

Thomas Mosher, to ask to be discharged from itB further consideration, 

and that it be indefinitely postponed. The pension proposed by the 

bill ha.s been allowed at the Pension Office. 

The bill was postponed indefinitely. 

Mr. D.A VIS, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was referred 

the bill (S. 1499) for the relief of Mary A. -Lewis, widow of Joseph N. 

Lewis, asked to be discharged from its further consideration, and that 

it be referred to the Committee on Military Affairs; which was agreed to. 

M:r. JONES, of Arkansas. On the 19th instant I made a report on the bill (H. R. 1213) to punish robbery, burglary, and larceny in the 

Indian Territory. By mistake I sent the wrong paper up to be printed. 

I ask unanimous consent to withdraw that report and substitute the . 

report which I send to the Secretary's desk . . The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The substitution will be made by 

unanimous consent, no objection being made. 

Mr. BLAIR, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was referred 

the bill (S. 549) granting a pension to Hannah R. Langdon, reported 

it without amendment, and submitted a report thereon. 

BILLS INTRODUCED. 

Mr. CAMERON introduced a bill (S. 1615) to erect a public building 

at Allentown, Pa.; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the 

Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1616) for the erection of a public build-· 

ing in Lancaster, .Pa.; which was read twice by its title, and referred to 

the Committee on Public Buildings and G_rounds. 

Mr. CULLOM introduced a bill (S. 1617) for the relief of John M. 

Eddy, Elizabeth K. Carroll, Alice B. Eddy, and Frank M. Eddy; which was read twice by its title, and, ·wHh the accompanying papers, referred 

to the Committee on Claims. 

• 
1888. CONGRESSIONAL _RECORD-SENATE. 649· 

1\ir. REAGAN introduced a bill (S. 1618) to pay William Bradfield 

for carrying the mails; which was read twice by its title, and referred 

to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. 

Mr. VOORHEES introduced a bill (S. 1619) toprovidefor the formation and admission into the Union of the State of Montana; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Territories . .M:r. RIDDLEBERGER introduced a bill (S. 1620) for the relief of 

Esther A. Keyser; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the 

Committee on the District of Columbia. 

Mr. CA.LL introduced a bill (S. 1621) relating to the catching of fish 

by subjects of foreign governments in the waters of the United States; 

which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Fisheries. · ~1r. MANDERSON introduced a bill (S. 1622) authorizing the erec- tion of a bridge across the Missouri at Ponca, Nebr.; which was read 

twice by its title, and referred to the .Committee on Commerce. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1623) to amend an act entitled "An act 

to authorize a retired-list for privates and non-commissioned officers of 

the United States Army who have served for a period of thirty years or upward;" which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. . Mr. STOCKBRIDGE introduced a bill (S. 1624) to confirm sales of 

lands made by the United States in the Marquette arid State Line 

grant in the State of Michigan; which was read twice by its title, and 

referred to the Committee on Public Lands. 

Mr. DAVIS introduced a. bill (S. 1625) to s.mend section 7 of an act 

entitled "An act to amend the statutes in relation to the immediate 

transportation of dutiable goods and for other purposes," approved 

.June 10, A. D. 1880; which was read twice by its title, and referred 

to the Committee on Commerce. , He also introduced a bill (S. 1626) to amend the act of March 3, 

1877, entitled "An act amending the pension law so as to remove the 

disability of those who, having participated in the rebellion, have, 

since its termination, enlisted in the Army of the Unit.fld States and 

became disabled;" which was read twice by its title, and referred to 

the Committee on Pensions. · 

Mr. WILSON, of Iowa, introduced a bill (S. 1627) to amend section 

25 of the act of March 3, 1879, entitled '-'An act making appropriations _for the service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending _.June 30, 1880, and for other purposes;" which was read twice by its -title, and referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. 

Mr. HOAR introduced a bill (S. 1628) fixing the time for the meeting of Congress; which was read t:wice by its title, and referred to the 

Committee on Privileges and Elections. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1629) granting a pension to Erastus B. 

:Burnham; whiQh was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. · 

. Mr. WILSON, of 1\faryland, introduced a bill (S. 1630) to provide for 

the construction of the Maryland and Delaware free ship-canal as a means of military and naval defense and for commercial purposes; 

which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying paper, 

referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

He also {by request) introduced a bill -(S. 1631) to incorporate the 

Washington and Sandy Spring Narrow Gauge Railroad and Street Railway ComplJ!ny; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the 

Committee on the District of Columbia. 

Mr. STEW ART introduced a bill (S. 1632) to refund moneys collected from William Schaus, attheportofNewYork, onanoilpainting 

not subject t-o duty; which was read twice by its title, and referred to 

the Committee on Claims . . Mr. PLUMB introduced a bill (S. 1633) to extend the southern and 

western boundaries of the State of Kansas, and for other purposes; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Territories. 

Mr. ALLISON introduced a bill (S. 1634) for the relief of .John .J. 

Adams; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying 

papers, referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

Mr. BLAIR introduced a bill (S. 1635) to regulate the payment of 

pensions to pensioners under guardianship; which was read twice by 

its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. · Mr. VEST introduced a bill (S. 1636) to amend section 1910 of chapter 2, title 23, of the Revised Statutes of the United States; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the .Judiciary. 

Mr. HARRIS. By request, without knowing anything as to the 

merits of the bill, I introduce a bill and ask its reference to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

The bill (S. 1637) to repeal the acts incorporating the Washington 

ancl Georgetown and Metropolitan Railroad Companies, to sell at public auction the routes of said companies, and to grant new charters for 

corporations to operate said routes, and thereby, and otherwise, to secure revenue to the District of Columbia from its street railroads, 

was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. _ 

1\Ir. FAULKNER introduced a bill (S. 1638) granting a pension to 

William Richardson; which was read twice by its title, and referred to 

the Committee on Pensions. 

Mr. TELLER introduced a bill (S. 1639) to amend "An act to provide for the adjustment of land grants made. by Congress to aid in the 

( 

construction of railroads, and for the forfeiture of unearned lands, and\. 

for other purposes,'' approved March 3, 1887, and for the relief of bona 

fide purchasers of the lands reclaimed by such readjustment; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Public Lands. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1640) to amend sections 2275 and 2276 

of the Revised Statutes of the United States; which was read twice by 

itstitle, and referred to the Committee on Public Lands. 

Mr. DANIEL introduced a bill (S. 1641) to establish a permanent 

quarantine station at or near Cape. Charles, Virginia; which was read 

twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Epidemic Diseases. 

Mr. CHANDLER introduced a bill (S. 1642) granting a pension to 

Mrs. Mary Johnston; which was read twice by ita title, and referred to 

the Committee on Pensions. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1643) for the relief of Albert D. Spalter; 

which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1644) providing compensation t-o voluntary signal observers at present recognized in the Signal Service, and 

allowing them all the necessary instruments required for observation; 

which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. . · 

He also introduced a bill (S. 1645) to amend section 2 of the act approved June 11, 1878, entitled ''An act providingforapermanentform 

of government for the District of Columbia; " which was read twice by 

its title, and referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 

Mr. HISCOCK introduced a bill (S. 1646) to increase the appropriation for a public building at Troy, N. Y.; which was read twice by its 

title, and referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 

Mr. COKE introduced a bill (S. 1647) providing for the construction 

of a public building at Texarkana, on and across the boundary line between the States of Texas and Arkansas; which was read twice by its 

title, and referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 

PAPERS WITHDRAWN AND REFERRED. 

On motion of Mr. GRAY it was 

Ordered, That the petition and papers of Mrs. Margaret R • .Jones, widow of 

Col. William Hemphill .Jones, be withdrawn from the files, under the rules. 

PACIFIC R.A.ll. WAY COMMI,SSION REPORT. 

. Mr. HOAR. I desire, if this be a proper time, to call up the motion 

to reconsider the vote sending the President's message in regard to the 

Pacific railroads to a special committee. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from 1\fassachusetts moves that the Senate proceed to the consideration of the motion offered 

by the Senator from Maryland [Mr. GORMAN] on a previous day to re- consider the vote by which the Senate agreed to the appointment of a select committee for the consideration of the Pacific Railway Commission report. 41 

Mr. HOAR. Mr. President, I believe that on consideration there 

will be no considerable o~jection in the Senate to the passage of the 

original resolution. 

My purpose in making the motion wa.s ~wofold. It is known that 

the Judiciary Committee, a standing committee of this body, has 

had this subject under consideration in one way and another for a good while. Of course I should be the la-st Senator to question the 

capacity of that committee to deal with that or any other subject 

within its jurisdiction; but it so happens that it is a necessity for that 

committee to deal with the business before it without giving any bearings to persons interested. The pressure of business is so great that if 

the committee depart from that rule it must leave a very large part of 

its ordinary b~iness unconsidered at every session. 

It is exceedingly important that legislation on this subject, which 

is of great public interest and concern, which involves dealing with ac- counts and figures in ascertaining what it is in the power of these roads 

to do on the one side, and what would be the absolute security for the 

Government on the other, sho11ld be considered by a committee that can summon the parties, or their representatives, and can summon tho 

.officers of the Government and the representatives of its interests to 

their personal presence. 

In the next place, this subject was, with the concurrence of the Senate, of course, sent by Congress to a special commission. It has been 

made the object of a special executive message. It would seem, therefore, eminently proper that so important a matter, involving m01·e than a hundred millions of debt shortly to become due to the Government, ·should be dealt with by a special committee. 

Under these circumstances I trust my honorable friend from Maryland will yield to the force of the suggestion which I have made. 

Mr. GORMAN. Mr. President, when I entered the motion for a 

reconsideration, it was simply under the general impression that a subject of this magnitude, like all the main questions which come before 

the Senate, would be much better considered by one of the standing 

committees of the body. 

However, for the reasons stated by the Senator from Massachusetts a 

moment since, and for others which have come to my knowledge, I 

thiilk possibly the best disposition of this question is to have it con- sidered by a special committee. But, I suggest to the Senator from 

Massachusetts, if he will permit the vote by which the resolution was adopted to be reconsidered, to amend his resolution so as to create a 
/ 

650 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 24, 

committee of seven instead of :five. I understand that ij the committee were so formed it would give more general satisfaction. I therefore 

suggest to him, if the vote be reconsidered, that there be a simple 

increase of the committee to seven. Mr. HOAR. I make no objection to that. • Mr. EDMUNDS. lli. President, as the chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary, for one I shall be extremely glad to have that -committee relieved of the amount of labor that ha.s hitherto been nec- e c:ary in the consideration of this subject. 

The only legislation we have so 'fur had that asserted any rights of 

the Go\ernment in respect of these railways and grants, came from the 

Committee on the Judiciary; and it has, twice I am sure, on this sub- j~t of ending the affair in the best way possi'ble, reported measures that, if the Senat-e had agreed to them, these rail waye would probably 

h:l;ve accepted. The upshot of those measures, stated shortly, would 

have been to have given the United States a security upon every spe- cies of property that these railways have acquired, either directly or indirectly, and in whosever name or under whatever form they might 

stand, to have a security and a mortgage covering every possible available asset in the resource of these companies. 

It provided, it is true (and necessarily, if we adopt the President's 

suggestion of not taking these roads at the end of seven or eight years 

from now), for giving a long time for payment. If accepted by the 

companies it would have saved the United States many millions of 

dollars-the precise amount I .have forgotten-on a disputed question 

of interest on the payments that we are now making upon the coupons 

of the bonds of the United States, the liability to pay which the com- panies denied, and in respect of which there is considerable reason to 

fear the legal right of the United States may be somewhat doubtful 

I state it with great moderation. But the committee insisted upon it 

that if we were to give this length of time and have this universal se- curity, the United States must be reimbursed to a large extent-onehall: I believe, at least-for the interest upon the money that we are paying out, although the companies denied their liability to pay a single cent. of it. That would have saved a great many millions of dollars. 

But we have reported and reported, and the Senate bas not thought 

it fit to adopt the measures that we have suggested, and therefore I am sure that every member of the committee will be glad to be relieved 

from any further labor in the business, and have the best special com- .mittee that can be devised to take hold of it and see if they can propose 

anything which will meet the approval of the Senate. 

That something ought to be done, and done speedily, I believe; for I 

think that every day, instead of improving, rather injures the situation 

in respect of the safety of the United States with regard to the enormous sums that we have advanced. So I shall be very glad if the Senate will 

have a select committee to see whether they can propose anything that 

will be better for thsinterestofthe United States than what the Committee on the Judiciary has endeavored to do. 

1\fr. VEST. J'tfr. President, I want to supplement what has been so well stated by the Senator from Vermont by simply saying that since 

this resolution was adopted, to which I made no opposition with my 

colleagues on the Commi.tteeon the Judiciary, some have supposed that 

it might be regarded as a reflection on that committee to takethissubject away from that committee, where it has been considered very care- fully, and put it in the handsofa special committee. It has been suggested that that might be considered as a reflection upon the competency 

Of the Judiciary Committee to act upon the question. I must confess that 

that aspect of the case never presented itself to me until it was suggested. 

.AJ; the Senator from Vermont has stated, this question was sent to 

the Judiciary Committee, then before a subcommittee consisting of the 

Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. HoAR], the Senator from Vermont 

[Mr. EDMUNDS], and myself. We worked earnestly and faithfully to 

formulate a bill. It did not suit me entirely as it did not snit the 

views of the other members of the committee in all respects; but it was the very best measure we could at tl¥J.t time recommend. It came to 

the Senate and no attention whatever was paid to it. All sorlB of re- flections and insinuations were made in the press of the country about 

the motives of the committee in reporting such a measure. I thought 

then and think now that it was the very best that could be done, for 

the greatest calamity that could happen to this Government would be 

its being forced in any sort of way to take possession of these railroads. 

We r~ported a measure which saved millions of dollars to the Government, which I repeat was the very best that in my opinion could be 

made. The Senator from Vermont says it was treated with perfect indifference, except by the newspapers, and they maligned and abused 

everybody connected with that report. 

Now, sir, for myself individually, I want nothing more to do with 

it, except to cast my vote when this special committee, which I hope 

will be created, shall make its report. As a memberoftheCommittee on the Judiciary, I do not propose to serve upon any committee con- nected with this matter. For one, I have done all in my power to discharge my duties as I thought they ought to be discharged, and I am ' done with the subject, except the responsibility of a. Senator in voting 

upon any measure that may be proposed. 

Mr. HOA.R. Mr. President, I should like to add one word, to show 

the importance in a matter of this kind of having a committee that can give parties a hearing. 

I 

When the measure for the extension of the indebtedness of these 

roads was framed, a measure was originally introduced and reported 

from the committee which required the roads to pay a certain sum of 

money yearly, beginning with a smaller sum and incre::tSing until the 

whole payment should be made. That was considered on reflection 

too favorable to the roads, and the committee then authorized a. report 

by which the larger payment was to be made first and the payments 

gradually diminished year after year. 

On that being called to the attention of the representatives of the 

two principal roads concerned, it appeared that in the case of one, and 

I think it was still more so in the case of the other, that sum would 

entirely exhaust the receipts of the road, leaving nothing for various 

necessary annual expenditures. Accordingly a measure was carefully 

devised, which I reported to the committee in the first place, and it 

received their assent, which was intended to equalize the payments so that they could be made at the beginning of the period of extension 

instead of at the end of the period of extension alike. I was myself 

personally responsible for that opinion. The Committee on the Judiciary took it upon my authority, and no other member of that committee had the slightest responsibility for it, except so far as any gentle- man who accepts a computation of a clerk on the authority of another, 

without going over it himself, is held to be responsible. 

After that had been reporteq. to the Senate, by the authority of the 

committee, my honorable friend from Ohio [Mr. SHER~1AN], who sit.s 

next to me, and who looks after matters pretty sharply, called m:y attention to the fact that the sum which we proposed should be paid an- nually to the United StAtes would not be sufficient in regard to quite 

anumberofmillions of dollars torepaythe indebtedness to the United 

States; in other words, there was an error against the Government in 

that calculation. I called the attention of the committee to it in private 

after the Senator had told me of it, and I stated in the Senate that 

when the bill came. up a correction would necessarily be made in that 

particular. Well, it wa,s not long before a large portion of the press of 

the country began to cast on the different members of the Judiciary 

Committee a charge of having a corrupt understanding with those I:Oads 

in the preparation of this report. Whatever there was of responsibility 

for that error belongs to me, and no other human being. Whatever 

credit is due for the discovery of it belongs to the honorable Senator 

from Ohio, and no other human being, so far as I know. 

If we had had, before I made that report, the presence of the representatives of the Government with a skillful accountant, and the pres- ence of the representatives of the roads, that error never would have 

occurred. But the Judiciary Committee not only, as I have stated 

already, is compelled to do its business 'without giving hearings, but 

ordinarily it is the custom of that committee, for very good reru;ons 

which have prevailed ever since it was organized, probably, to refuse 

to disclose its report on any matter until the report is absolutely made 

to the Senate. Such a special committee as is proposed will certainly 

avoid any such mistake as that. . 111r. PLATT. I do not rise to oppose this motion, bu11 simply to make an observation or two on the situation. 

I should be exceedingly glad if the Judiciary Committee felt that 

they could continue the work which the Senate once assigned to them 

and consider this matter and report upon it, and I feel that the Judiciary Committee ought to do it. I judge from what has been said here 

this morning that the reason the Judiciary Committee declines to do it 

is purely from a feeling of sensitiveness on the part of the members of 

tlL.1.t committee. My very great respect for the members of that com- mittee will probably lead me to indulge them in the exercise of this 

sensitiveness and to vote for the special committee; but it is unfortunate, I think. 

The members of the Judiciary Committee are selected not only for 

their great legal ability, but for their great familiarity with public 

affairs and their g()neral ability to deal with a question of this sort. I 

lrnowthatthey have been subjected to criticisms which are unpleasant; 

but that faDs to the lot of all Senators. In the short time I have been 

here, and in the few reports which I have made, I have found that the 

Senate not only does not accept the reports of the committee which I 

represent ~n many instances, but in a great many instances unceremoniously sets them aside. I h..we sometimes felt sensitive myself under 

such circumstances; and I have had some little criticism in the news- papers about my motives and conduct. I think· it the common lot of 

all Senators that when they attempt to discharge their duty, and to do 

it conscientiously and without fear or favor of any man, somebody will 

arise to criticise them and ascribe to them improper motives. I simply rose to say that if the committees of this body are to refuse or decline or to ask to be excused from the consideration of matters simply 

because of public criticism, or even contemptuous treatment of their reports by the Senate, we can not get along with the business of the body. 

It seems to me that the appointment of a special committee here is 

simply to create another committee to receive the criticism which 

might otherwise fall upon the Judiciary Committee. As I said, I do 

not oppose the motion, but I wanted simply in these few words to state 

what appears to me, to use the phrase of a distinguished :m.im, the condition of affairs. 

Mr. COKE. ~1r. President, I desire to·say, as a memberofthe Judiciary Committee, that I believe that committee can deal with these 
; 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE. 651 

questions, and that the duty need not be imposed on a. special committee. I feel no embarrassment myself touching the subject. I think 

the Judiciary Committee, if the matter is left with that committee, 

will do the subject full justice. 

Mr. GEORGE. :ur. President, I desire to express my concurrence 

with what has just been said by the Sena.tor from Texas [Mr. CoKE]. 

I feel no embarrassment, so far as I am concerned, in examining and 

reporting upon t his important question, nor do I feel any chagrin at 

anv criticisms which t h e action of the committee heretofore on this 

subject has received from the Senate, or the press. 

The PRESIDENT pro te1npo1·e. The question is on "the motion to reconsider the vote by which the message was referred to a special committee. 

The motion was agreed to. 

1\Ir. GORUAN. I now move to amend, by striking out "five" and 

inserting 1 1 seYen. '' 

The PRESIDENT pro te1npore. The Senator from Maryland moves 

to amend the resolution. 

1\Ir. HOAR I accept that amendment. 

lvir. SABIN. I ask for the reading of the resolution as it now stands. 

The PRESIDENT pro temp01·e. The Chair is informed that the resolution was never reduced to writing, but is merely journalized upon 

the motion of the Senator from Massachusetts [:Mr. HOAR}. 

J\Ir. EDMUNDS. Let us have the Journal entry. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempoTe. The Journal entry will be read. 

Mr. HOAR It is the ordinary motion to commit to a. special committee of five. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from :Minnesota asks 

that the motion may be. read. It will be read as it appears on the Calendar. 

The CHIEF CLERK. "A resolution to authorize the appointment of 

a select committee of five to which shall be referred the message of the 

President on the Pacific railroads. 

"January 18, 1888-Mr. HoAR; agreed to. Motion to reconsider 

entered." · 

The PRESIDENT pro ternpore. Does the Senator from Minnesota 

desire a further statement of the resolution? 

1\fr. SABIN. Do I understand that there is a motion pending before 

the Senate now? 

The PRESIDENT pTo tempore. The motion is to amend the resolution, the vote by which it was adopted having been reconsidered, by 

striking out :':five'' and inserting ''seven '' as then urn ber of the special 

committee. 

1\Ir. HOAR. When the President's message was read I made a motion that it be committed to a .special committee of :five members to be 

appointed by the Chair. That was the motion, and it is now pending. 

Now, if I may, I accept the modification to make the number seven. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair understands, the resolution not having been adopted, that it is under the control of the Senator from Massachusetts, the mover, to modify it. 

Mr. HOAR. I so modify it. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from 1\fassacbusetts 

modifies the resolution, and it will be read as modified?" 

The CHIEF CLERK. "A resolution to authorize the appointment of 

a select committee of seven, to which shall be referred the message of 

the ·President on the Pacific railroads.'' 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. · The question is, Will the Senate 

agree to the motion as modified? 

Mr. SAULSBURY. I understand the motion for a select committee 

proceeds from the Judiciary Committee itself. 

J.I.Ir. EDMUNDS. Not from the Judiciary Committee itself, but with 

the entire concurrence of many gentlemen who are members of that 

committee. 

Mr. SAULSBURY. The Judiciary Committ-ee, I think, would like 

to be discharged from the consideration of the subject. It involves 

gre.:"lt questions of law which are to be considered by the special committee if appointed. I think myself that the objection is mainly that 

the Judiciary Committee has heretofore been criticised for its acts in 

reference to this question; but that does not concern the Senate. That 

committee, I suppose, enjoys the confidence of the members of the 

Senate for the diligen~e and ability they devote to questions of this 

kind, and the fact of its being taken away from that committee and 

referring it to a select committee may cause the impression on the 

country that it was because of a want of confidence in either the capacity or the fairness of that committee to deal with the question. 

Personally I prefer that the matter should be sent back to the Committee on the Judiciary. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempoTe. The Journal entry willnowbe read. 

The Chief Clerk read as follows: 

The message was read; and, on motion by 1\ir. HOAR, 

01·dered, That it be referred, with the accompanying report, to a select com- mittee of five Senators, to be appointed by the Chair. 

1lfr. HOAR. I understand that this is not, in our parliamentary parlance, correctly described as a resolution; it is an ordinary motion. 

Rnle XXII says: 

When a question is pending no motion shall be received but- To adjourn-

....And among the number isTo commit; To amend. 

/ 

Under our parliamentary practice communications from the Executive, like petitionS and like communications from the heads of Departments, are before the Senate for disposition. Of course they are not 

before the Senate like a pending bill or resolution, and the parliamentary motions applicable to them enumerated in this Rule XXII are to 

refer and to amend. I made the ordinary motion to refer. 

The PRESIDENT pTo tempore. The Chair so holds. 

Mr. HOA.R. Now, I desire to say, in replyt.o the Senator from Delaware, that in making the motion I did not urge or suggest any of the 

reasons to which he has replied. The ground upon which I base this 

motion is that this is a subject which must be dealt with bya committee that can give a hearing toofficeTsoftheGovernmenton theoneside 

and to thfrparties interested on the other, which the Judiciary Committee can not; and second, that having been made by the Senate a 

subject of such special method of consideration that it concurred in a law referring it to a special commission, and having been made by the 

President of the United States the subject of a special message, it in 

that way is properly segregated, singled out from the ordinary business 

of the Senate, and it is proper to give it to the consideration of a special committee created for that purpose. 

I understand that the suggestions about reflections on the Judicia.ry 

Committee are merely made by individual members of the committee 

as a ground for their statement that they did not desire, as far as they 

were personally concerned, to hold on to any jurisdiction; that is all; 

but the ground for the motion is what I have stated. 

Mr. SABIN. Is this resolution subject to amendment? 

Tha PRESIDENT pro tempoTe. It is. 

1\Ir. SABIN. I move that the reference be made to the Committee 

on Railmads. 

The PRESIDENT pro ten~pore. The Chair would state to the Senator 

from Minnesota that he need not resort to that. A motion to refer to a standing committee takes precedence of a. motion to refer to a select 

committee; it needs no amendment. 

:Mr. SABIN. I move, then, that the President's message on this snbiect be referred to the Committee on Railroads. 

The PRESIDENT pro te-mpore. The motion has priority, and must 

be first decided. 

Mr. SABIN. If this is a question oftaking this subject from the Judiciary Committee I have no desire whatever to interfere with it; but 

if it becomes a. question of business, as·I understand it has arrived at 

that stage, I can see no earthly object in ~reating a special committee. 

We seem to have arrived at such a point in the Senate that when any 

subject of special importance is brought before it a special committee 

must be formed to take it away from the proper aud regular standing 

committees. If there is any reflection on any side, it certainly must be 

upon the Committee on Railroads, which, I w!Jl say to the Senate, has 

ample time to give all the hearings necessary to any and all parties interested. If other committees are informed on all subjects. that properly come before that committee, it may as well be abandoned. 

Mr. ROAR. This is not a question which has anything to do with 

the jurisdiction of the Railroads Committee; it is not a question of the 

railroad policy of the country; it is not a question of building new 

railroads; it is not a question of submitting old railroads to new regulations of any character. It is a question pure and simple of securing 

an honest debt due the United States. If you are going to take any 

general committee other than the Judiciary Committee, it would seem 

that the Committee on Finance would be more proper. At any rate, the 

jurisdiction of the Railroads Committee is as far from this question as 

that of any committee of the body. 

Mr. SABIN. May I ask the Senatm from Massachuset ts if this question was not originally before the Railroad Committee in its inception, 

a few years ago? 

11Ir. HOAR. Not this particular question. Doubtles'S the question 

of con tructing the Union Pacific Railroad and the Central Pacific Rail- ' 

road may have been before tbe Railroad Committee, because then, like 

every constructio.n of a new railroad by the Government, the question 

was wheTe the road should go and what should be its charter, its obligations, and so on. . 

Mr. SABIN. The Senator speaks from personal knowledge on this matter. I was not in the Senat~ at that time, but I am informed, on 

what I suppose to be undoubted authority, that when the trouble first 

arose between the Government and these railway companies it WaS a 

matter treated by the Committee on Railroads and afterwards referred 

to the Committee on the Judiciary, embracing, as it was supposed, judicial questions which that committee was alone responsible for and should 

act upon. If I am mistaken in this, I should like to be corrected. 

The PRESIDENT pro te?npol·e. Shall the message and accompanying reports be referred to the Committee on Railroads? 

Ur. 1\ITTCHELL. 1\Ir. President, I have no preference for any par- ticular committee in this matter, but I desire to correct the Senat{)r 

from Massachusetts [1\Ir. HoAR]. 

This subject was originally before the Committee on Railroads of the 

Senate in 1878. At the same time the same subject was before the . 

Judiciary Committee of the Senate. There was something of a con· 
652 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J .ANU.ARY 24, 

test between those two committees over bills introduced and referred 

respectively to those two committees. Each of those committees in 

1878 reported a bill to the-Senate; one was reported by the honorable 

Senator from Ohio, Mr. Thurman, and was known as the Thurman 

bill; the other was reported from the Railroad Committee by Senator 

Matthews, then a. Senator from Ohio, and now an associate justice of 

the Supreme Court of the United States. The bill known as the Thurman funding bill, I believe, received the unanimous assent, perhapsbut I do not know about that-of the Judiciary Committee. The-bill 

reported by Senator Matthews received the unanimous approval, if I 

remember correctly, of the Committee on Railroads. 

There was a contest in the Senate as to which of these two bills should 

be adopted, a somewhat vigorous contest. It was contended by leading lawyers upon the part of the Railroad Committee, as constituted at 

that time, led by Senator Matthews, of Ohio, that the Thurman bill 

was unconstitutional. It was alleged, again, byagreatmanyotherSenators·then in this body, and I believe by every member of the Railroad 

Committee at that time, tb~t as a. _ business proposition the Thurman 

bill would prove a failure. 

There was a vigoiOus contest, as I say; but the Thurman bill was finally adopted, and it became a law. 

The question as to its constitutionality was raised, and it was car- ried to the Supreme Court of the United States, as we all know, and 

there by a. divided court, a full minority dissenting, it was declared to 

be constitutional. It became the law of the land, and these railroad 

companies owing this immense debt to the Government became subject 

to its operation, and what has been the result? .As everybody knows, it 

has proved justwhatwas prophesied at the time in this Senate by myself 

and others, an absolute and complete failure as a business proposition. If 

the bill reported by Senator Matthews at that time from the Railroad 

Committee had become the law of the land, we should to-day, instead of 

having six or seven million dollars, or whatever the amount is, in the sinking fund, have had some thirt.y million dollars in that fund, the whole 

question between the Government and these railroad companies would 

have been settled, and the Government would have been in fair position to recover back every cent of this immense indebtedness, although 

the times of payment would, of course, have been postponed to a considerable distance in the future. 

I simply rose to correct the Senator from Massachusetts in the-remark inadvertently made, that this subject had.never been before the 

Railroad Committee of this body. It was there; it was thoroughly 

investigated by that commit~e, of which, I believe, the Senator from 

.Massachusetts [Mr. DAWES], the honorable Senator's collea.gue, was a 

member at that time. ~lr. HOAR I did not say it had never been before the Railroad 

Committee. • Mr. MITCHELL. I understood the Senator from Massachusetts to 

say in answer to the Senator from Minnesota that this question had never been before the Railroad Committee; that the question as to 

granting the original franchises had been before that committee, but 

not the question of the funding of the indebtedness. 

Of course I have great respect, as we all have, for the Judiciary Committee of the Senate. It is composed of the ablest lawyers in this 

body, as we all know, but it is admitted to-day that twice heretofore 

they have unfortunately made very great mistakes in regard to this 

matter. It is conceded1 I think, by everybody now everywhere that 

the Thurman funding act has been an absolute failure as a business 

proposition, looking to the settlement of this great controversy-involving so many millions of dollars-between the Government and the Pacific Railroad Companies. 

As my friend from Massachusetts has just stated, he untort-g.nately 

made a mistake at the last session of Congress in the matter of com- putation, which he was willing, of course, to correct when the mistake was suggested to him by the Senator from Ohio. 

.AB far as I am concerneq, I do not care where this message goes; perhaps it had better go to a special committee. I have no interest in it one way on the oth~r, except to see a final settlement of the great controversy on a basis alike fair and honorable to the Government and the 

companies. I have only stated this piece of legisla.tive history in re- spect to the su~iect-matter. 

Mr. EDMUNDS. .Mr. President, I can not let the observations of 

the Senator from Oregon pass without a word or two of remark. 

The Thurman bill was reported in HITS, I think at the time the 

Senator referred to, from the Committee on the Judiciary, receiving, I 

think, the substantially unanimous approval of all the members of the . committee. There were some of us who thought it did not go far 

enough in exacting the percentages that should be paid into the Treasury from year to year; but it did contain what the railroad interest resisted here to their utmost in pushing the bill from the Railroad Committee. I do not mean that any Senator was in the railway interest, but 

the interest on the outside, the atmosphere, that we know is brought to 

bear about telegraphs and railroads and everything that is large and 

heavy, and they tried to compel the Senate to vote in a provision that 

the Thurman bill should stand for twenty years as a contract between 

the railroads and the United States unalterable. 

That was resisted by the Committee on the Judiciary and defeated; 

and it was stated then and there byJudp;eThurman, and therest of us 

who supported him, that we did not intend to leave Congress for a single day without the authority that we asserted as a legislative power 

to control and direct their performances from time to time. If that 

bill had had no other virtue in it, if it bad not put a dollar into the 

Treasury instead of the ten or twelve millions that it has, it would 

have bad the virtue of asserting a legislative control over this business 

that the Supreme Court itself was obliged to accede to. 

It does not do, therefore, to say that the Thurman bill is a failure. 

It is the only success that we have had within anybody's recollection 

in laying the hand of the law upon these great corporationa and upon 

their influence, and I hope we shall continue to assert that right through 

some committee or other. 

The PRESIDENT no tempore. Will the Senate agree to the motion 

to refer the message and reports to the Committee on Railroads? 

The motion was not agreed to. 

The PRESIDENT pro temp(Yre. The question recurs upon the adoption_ of the resolution offered by the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. 

HoAR] to refer the message and reportS to a special committee of seven Senators. 

The question being put, a. division was called for; and the ayes were 44-

Mr:·COKE. I ask for the yeas and nays. 

The yeas and nays were ordered. 

Ur. BECK. I only desire to say that I shall vote for the select committee because that seems to be the wish of a number of gentlemen 

connected with the Judiciary Committee. I prefer that the message 

should go there because I believe that is the committee best qualified 

to deal with it; still I shall vote for a select committee because the 

members of the Judiciary Committee wish it. 

The Secretary proceeded to call the roll. 

Mr. QUAY (when his name was called). I am paired with the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. FAULKNER] on political questions. If 

he were present, I should vote ''yea.'' This not being a political question, I vote ''yea.'' 

The roll-call was concluded. 

Mr. MANDERSON. I am paired with the Senator from Kentucky 

[Mr. BLACKBURN]. If he were present, I should vote ''yea." 

Mr. BECK. The Senator may vote. 

Mr. MANDERSON. I shall vote, then: 

The result was announced-yeas 55, na~ 15; as follows: 

Aldrich, 

Allison, 

Bate, 

Beck, 

Blair, 

Blodgett, 

Bowen, 

Butler, 

Call, 

Cameron, 

Chace, 

Chandler, 

Colquitt, 

Cullom, 

Berry, 

Cockrell, 

Coke, 

Davis, 

Dawes, 

Dolph, 

Edmunds, 

Eustis, · Evarts, 

Farwell, 

Frye, 

Gorman, 

Gray, 

Hale, 

Hampton, 

Harris, 

Hawley, 

Hearst, 

YEAs-55. 

Hiscock, 

Hoar, 

.Ingalls, 

Jones of Nevada., 

1\'Ianderson, 

.JUitchell, 

Morgan, 

P.Iorrill, 

Paddock, 

Palmer, 

Pasco, 

Payne, 

Platt, 

Plumb, 

NAYS-15. 

George, McPherson, 

Gibson, Ransom, Jones of Arkansas, Reagan, 

Kenna, Sabin, 

ABSENT-6. 

Bl'ackburn, Daniel, Riddleberger, 

Brown, Faulkner, 

So the resolution was agreed to. 

Pugh, 

Quay, 

Sawyer, 

Sherman, 

St.."\nford, 

St-ewart, 

Stockbridge, 

Teller, 

Turpie, 

Vest, 

Voorhees, 

Wilson of Mtl. 

Wilson of IowA.. 

Saulsbury, 

Spooner, 

Walthall. 

Vance. 

MISSISSIPPI RIVER BRIDGE AT BURLINGTON, lOW A. 

Mr. WILSON, of Iowa. I ask unanimous consent that the Senate 

proceed to the consideration of Senate bill 290, Calendar number 103, 

being a bill to authorize the construction of a railroad, wagon, and footpassenger bridge across the :Mississippi River at or near Bmlington, 

Iowa. I hope there will be no objection. The bill will not occupy 

any considerable time, and will not involve discussion. 

Mr. CULLOM. Has it been reported from a committee? 

Mr. WILSON, of Iowa. It has been reported with several amendments to which there is no objection. 

Mr. HALE. I am very desirous that the Senate should proceed to 

consider the deficiency bill because it is important that it should have 

speedy passage. I will not antagonize this motion of the Senator from 

Iowa. provided it is the understanding that his bill will not give rise 

to debate. 

Mr. WILSON, of Iowa. Certainly. There will be no occasion for 

debate. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Iowa moves that 

the Senate proceed to the consideration of the bill named by him. 

The motion was agreed to; and the Senate, as in Committee of the 

Whole, proceeded to consider the bill (S. 290) to authorize the con- struction of a ni.ilroad, wagon, and foot-passenger bridge across the 

Mississippi Hiver at or near Bnrlington, Iowa. 

The bill was reported from the Committee on Commerce with amendments. The first amendment was in line 5, section 1, after the word 

"maintain," to insert "if in the opinion of the Secretary of War the same 
1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 653 .· 

be a public necessitY;" in line 7, strike out "suitable place," and insert 

''place suitable to the interests of navigation;'' in line 22, between the 

words ''the'' and ''passage,'' insert ''safeand convenient;'' in line 23, 

after the word "kinds," strike out "for the transit of;" and i...1 line 24, 

before the words "foot-passengers," strike out ·~for;" so as to make the 

section read: 

That the Burlington and Illinois Bridge Company, its successol'il,and assigns, be, and they are hereby, authorized to construct and maintain, if in the opinion of 

the Secretary of War the same be a public necessity,arailroad, wagon, and foot- passenger bridge aeross the Mississippi River at a place suitable to the interests 

of navigation at a point at or near the city of Bm·lington, Iowa, and to lay on or over said bridge a t.rack or tracks for the more perfectconnectionofanyrailroad or railroads tllat are or shall be constructed to said river, on either or both sides 

thereof, at or opposite said point, under the limitations and conditions hereinafter provided; that said bridge shall not interfere with the free navigation of said 

river beyond what is necessary in order to carry into effect tue rights and privileges hereby granted; and in case ofa.ny litigation arising ft·om any obstruction or aHeged obstruction to the free navigation of said river, the cause may be 

tried before the circuit court of tlle United States in and for any district in which any portion of said bridge or obstruction touches. Said bridge shall be constructed to provide for the passage of railroad trains, and for the safe and convenient passage of w~gons and vehicles of all kinds, animals, and foot-passengers, for 

such reasonable rates of toll as may be fixed from time to time by the Secretary 

of 'Var: Provided, That the proviso regarding wagons, animals, foot-passengers, 

and so forth, shall not influence the location of said bridge in its relation to the 

interests of navigation. 

The amendment was agreed to: 

Thenext amendment was in line 18, section 2, after the word'' than,'' 

to strike out'' one" and insert" two;" in line 19, after the word" hundred,'' to strike out ''and sixty; '' in line 27, after the word ''of,'' to 

strike out ''not less than 30 feet above low-water mark and;" so as to 

read: 

SEc. 2. That any bridge built under the provisions of this act may, at the option 

of the company building the same, be built as a draw-bridge or with unbroken 

and continuous spans: Provided, That if the said bridge shall be made with un- broken and continuous spans, it shall give clear head-room of not lesa, in any case, than 55! feet above extreme high-water mark, as understood at the point 

of location, nor shall the spans of said bridge give a. clear width of water-way 

of less than 250 feet, and the piers of said bridge shall be parallel with the cur- rent of said river, and the main span shall be O'i'er the main channel of the river 

and give a clear width of water-way of not less than 300 feet.: And provided 

further, That if any bridge built under the provisions of this act shall be con- structed as a draw-bridge, the same shall be constructed as a pivot draw-bridge, 

with a. pbrot over the main channel of the I'iver at an accessible and navigable 

point and with spans giving a clear width of water-way of not less than 200 feet on each side of the central or pivot pier of the draw, and the next adjoining span or spans to the draw shall give a clear width of water-way of not less than 250 

feet: P-rcrtJided, That if the pivot pier of said bridge shall be constructed within 

less· than 410 feet of the west shore of said river the span constructed west of 

said pivot pier may be less than 250, and said spans shall give a clear head-room 

of not less than 10 feet above extreme high-water mark; and the piers of said 

bridge shall be parallel with the current of the riYer where said bridge shall be 

erected. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was in line 24, section 5, after the word "permanent," to insert "and easily navigated;" and in the same.line, after 

the word ''channel,'' to insert ''for a distance of not less than 1 mile 

above the bridge location; '' so as to read: 

And the said bridge shall be constructed with such aids to the passage of said 

bridge, in the form of booms, dikes, piers, or· other suitable and proper struct- ures for confining the flow of water to a permanent and easily navigated channel, for a. distance of not less than 1 mile above the bridge location, and for the 

guiding of rafts, steam-boats, and other water-craft safely through the draw and 

raft spans, as tlle Secretary of \Vat· shall prescribe and order to be constructed 

and maintained at the expense of the company owning said bridge. 

The amendment was agreetl to. -

The next amendment was to inser.t as a new section the following: 

SEC. 6. That if actual construction of the bridge herein authorized sball not be commenced within two years from the passage of this aet, and be completed in four years from the same date, the rights and privileges herebv granted shall cease and be determined. · 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair calls the attention of the 

Senator from Iowa to a typographical error, apparently, which should 

be corrected. It will be stated. 

The CHIEF CLERK. In line 3 of section 4 '' p~sages'' should be 

stricken out and "paSSage" inserted; so as to read: 

Shall have and be entitled to equal rights and privileges in the passage of the ss.me. 

Mr. ALLISON. The text is right. That amendment is not necessary. 

The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendments were concurred in. 

The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third 

time, and passed. BILL RECOMMI'J.TED. 

Mr. PALMER. Mr. PresidentMr. PLUMB. I move to recommit the bill (S. 15) providing in cer- tain cases for the forfeiture of wagon-road grunts in the State of Oregon 

to the Committee on Public Lands. It has been suggested with some apparent force that there are amendments to be adopted in the bill to 

make it more effectively cover the purpose for which it was designed, 

and those amendments, I think, should be first considered in committee. I therefore move that the bill be recommitted for the purpose of 

considering it. · · 

1\ir. DOLPH. That bill was introduced by myself, ani with a single amendment passed the Senate at the last session. I think the 

amendment of the committee strikes out one of the best provisions of 

the bill. If there is any prospect of restoring that provision, I am ready to consent to a recommittal. I have been waiting to call up the 

bill on the Calendar and .have it passed. If the chairman agrees that 

the amendment can be offered in the Senate best, I would rather that 

the bill shonld not be recommitted, but I will not insist on opposing 

the motion. 

The motion to recommit the bill was agreed to. 

MESSENGER FOR PRESS GALLERY. 

Mr. A.LDRICH . . I ask the Senator from Michigan to· yield to me to 

offer a resolution for reference. 

Mr. PALMER. I do not wish to keep yielding; I think my patience 

has been taxed somewhat. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The resolution of the Senator from 

Rhode Island will be read. 

The resolution was read, and referred to the Committee to Audit and 

Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senat~, as follows: 

Resolved, '.rba.t the Sergeant-at-Arms be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to appoint a special messenger, who shall attend upon the Press Gallery 

of the Senate, and be paid out of the miscellaneous items of the contingent 

fund. 

.AID TO COMMON SCHOOLS. 

Mr. BLAIR. I ask that the bill (S. 371) to aid in the establishment 

and temporary support of common schools may be reprinted for the 

use of the Senate. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CocKRELL in the chair). That 

order will be made, unless objection be interposed. 

RESTRICTION OF IMMIGRATION. 

Mr. PALMER. I now move to proceed to the consideration of Senate bill 553. 

Mr. HALE. Mr. President--

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Michigan moves that the Senate proceed to the consideration of the bill (S. 553) to regulate immigration. 

jJ r. PALMER. In doing so I would ask the forbearance of the Senator from Maine [Mr. H.A.LE], who I know has the right of way on an appropriation bill; but my remarks will not be extended, and the rest 

of the day is his. I think he can yield without d~triment to the public service. 

Mr. HALE. I can not refuse to yield to that appeal, but I give no- tice that at the close of the Senator's remarks I will _ask the Senate to 

go on with the deficiency bill. 

The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider the 

bill (S. 553) to regulate immigration. 

Mr. PALMER. Mr. President, in introducing this bill I desire to 

disclaim any intention thereby to prevent any capable, honest, industrious, law-abiding person from seeking a home on American soil· 

My life has been spent among n.n admixture of foreign-born and native citizens. ·My affiliations, social, secular, and religious, have never 

been determined by any test of country or creed. I number among my 

friends many of foreign birt.h who are, and wherever they might be 

placed would be, a credit to humanity. Foreign-born boys were among 

the playmates of my childhood; foreign-b6rn men and women have 

been among the companions of my maturer years. 

The country and all of us have been better for their coming. They 

have added to the material wealth of the nation, and what is of far 

greater value, they have contributed to its moral and intellectual wellbeing. It is in deference to their opinions and convictions, as well as to the sentiments of the native born, that I ask that this measure or 

some one more efficient shall prevail;-

Conditions have changed since we became a Government, and are · constantly cha~ing, necessitating legislation as evils become apparent. 

That which mrght have been desirable fifty years ago may have ceased 

to be so at present, and that which was neve:~; desirable in our immigration may have assumed such proportion as to call for restrictive 

legislation. • We have used many devices to induce immigration. Government 

has supplied information, which, if used, could not act otherwise than ·as an attraction to other peoples. States have published books showing the advantages within their borders for immigrants, and the time 

is not remote when their commissioners have been sent 'abroad to turn 

the ·incoming tide to their respective localities. It has been our fault, 

if fault it was, that we have welcomed indiscriminately the migrations - of the Aryan race. I do not fear that we shall suffer the fate of the 

Briton, who invited the Saxon over to help him turn back the Picts 

and Scots, and then sank away under the domination of the superior 

race; still there are other conquests than those of force. The contest 

is now waging which, under the protection of ·law, will push the superior members of a race to the wall in the fierce competition for work 

wherein the inferior members, by reason of fewer wants and lower as- pirations enabling them to accept lower wages, will, if no check be interposed, come out victor in the battle for bread. It will in that 

case be not the "survival of the fittest," but the degradation of the 

best. If we desire that the American workingman shall retain his 

superiority over the nnderpaicllaborer of Europe, we must from time 

to time interpose such obstacles as will deter the influx: of those who 

will degrade his labor by undue competition-a competition which joyfolly accepts lower wages than the American raborer now receives, be-' cause it is an improvement on the wages hitherto received by the new 

comer, and because his wants have been repressed by his environment. 

.-

( 
654 CO~GRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. JANUARY 24, 

Much has been done for our country and the laborers· and artisans 

who have created our wealth by the duties imposed on goods manufactured by foreign labor; but by that very process we have stimulated immigration, which aJthough in the main beneficent in its operation, now threatens, if continued without selection, to aggravate evils 

already apparent, and to lower the standard of our people in lowering 

the wages of those who toil. 

We are working out under the most favorable conditions a new civilization. We have a clear field with all of history to select from in 

law, literature, tradition, and customs. To acquit ourselves of our 

trust, to work out the problem of the future of America, it is absolutely 

essential that we scrutinize with care not only the factors we now have, 

but also those which are being constantly injected into our national 

life. We have taken the initial step, "in excluding a ra-ce not homoge-

"neous; is it not advisable to select the most desirable from our own 

race, instead of welcoming the dregs with the wine? 

OUR POPULATION AND llOIIGRATION. 

Our :first census (1782) exhibited a total, in round numbers, of 2, 389-

000 souls, one-third of whom, it is estimated by Dr. Loring, were born on the other side of the Atlantic. Subsequent decennial numberings 

show our progress in population to have been constant and unprecedented, a~though, thus far, not beyond our capacity to sustain. 

Total population of ilte United States. 

1790 ......................................... 3, 929, 21411840 .......•• : .............................. 17, 069,453 1800 ......................................... 5, 308, 483 1850 ........................................ 23, 191, 876 1810 ......................................... 7, 239,881 1860 ........................................ 31, 443, 321 

1820 ...................... .................. 9, 633, 822 1870 ................ """" .................. 38, 558, 371 

1830 ........................................ 12, 866, 020 1880 ........................................ 50, 155,783 

Previous to 1820 our Government made no effort to secure and preserve annual statistics of immigration, but since that date a reasonable 

accuracy has been observed at the principal ports of entry in customs 

districts and specific data obtained. · Accepting the generally received estimate of 250,000 as the number 

of immigrants between the establishment of the nation and the enactment of the passenger act, :M:arch 2, 1819, the official tables herewith 

presented show a total of 14,266,760 arrivals of actual immigrants prior 

to October 1, 1887, and as from the necessities of the case this can not include all those entering by sea or crossing our frontiers from Canada and 

Mexico, the assumption of fifteen millions in round numbers as the total accretion of population from foreign sources may be considered as a conservative estimate. 

Statement showing total annual immigration into the United Staus from 

1820 to Septembe1· 30, 1887, inclusive. 

1820 ............................................. 8,385 1821............................................ 9,127 1822............................................ 6, 911 1823............................................ 6, 354 1824. ........................................... 7, 912 1825 ............................................ 10,199 1826 ............................................ 10, 837 1827 ............................................ 18, 875 

1823 ...................... \"'"""""""'"' 27,382 1829 ............................................ 22, 520 1830 ............................................ 23, 322 1831. ........................................... 22, 633 1832...... .... . .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... . . .. .. .. . 60, 482 1833 ............................. ............... 58, 640 1834 ...................................... ·...... 65, 365 1835 ............................................ 45,374 1836...... ... . .... .. . .. . ... . .. .... .. .. .. .. . .... . 76, 242 . 1837 ............................................ 79,340 1838.. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..... .... .. .. ....... 38, 914 1839.. ...... ...... ... ......... ...... ............ 68, 069 1840 ............................................ 84, 066 

1841 ............................................ 80, 289 1842 .................................... : ....... 104, 565 1843 ............................................ 52, 496 1844 .. .......................................... 78, 615 1845 ................. ........................... 114, 371 1846 ............................................ 154, 416 1847 ............................................ 234, 968 1848 ............................................ 226, 527 1849 ............................. ............... 2f!l, ()?..4 

1850 ............................................ 369, 980 1851 ............................................ 379, 466 1852 ................................... ......... 371, 603 1853 ............................................ 368, 64.5 

1854 ............................................. .427, 833 1855 ............................................. 200, 877 1856 ............................................. 195, 857 1857 ............................................. 246, 945 1858 ............................................. 119, 501 1&59 ............................................. 118, 616 1860 ............................................. 150, 237 1861...... ..... . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. . .. . .... 89, 722 1862 ............................................. 89,005 1863 ............................................. 174.,524 1864 ............................................. 193, 195 1865 ............................................. 247, 453 1866 ............................................. 314, 917 

i~~::: ::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::: ::::::::::::~~: ~ 1869 ............................................. 385, 287 1870 ............................................ 356, 303 

1871. ............................................ 3!6, 938 1872 ........................................... 437,750 1873 ............................................. 422, 545 1874 ............................................. 260, 814 1875 ............................................. 191, 231 1876 ............................................. 157,440 

i~~.::::::::::·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::igg:gg~ 1879 ................. : ........................... 250, 565 1880 ............................................. 593, 703 ] 881. ............................................ 720, 045 1882 ............................................. 730, 349' 1883 ..... ........................................ 570, 316 1884 ............................................ 461, 346 1885 ... : ........................................ 350, 510 1886 ........................... .................. 334, 203 1887, to October 1. ....................... 411,000 

VALUE OF IM.MIGRA.NTS, 

Political economists differ widely as to the capital value of immigrants. Doctor Engel, of Berlin, director of the Prussian statistical 

bureau, computes the cost of raising a manual laborer to the fifteenth 

year in Germany at 750 thalers. Mr. Kapp, one of the commissioners 

of New York, in 1871, assumed the capital value of each male at $1,500 

and of each female at $750, in currency. Edward Young, chief of our 

Bureau of Statistics at tha£ time, basing his estimate on the producing 

and consuming power, instead of the original cost, finds $800 to be the 

average value of our immigrants. At this latter figure, which com- mends itself upon ex:unina.tion as reasonable and conservative, these 

15,000,000 of adopted citizens have contributed $12,000,000,000 worth 

to the real wealth of the country. ~he estimates as to the amount of 

money in the possession of each immigrant at the time of landing vary 

froni $80 to $150. Assuming the lowest .figure, the aggregate cash importation would be $1,200,000,000. About 25 per cent. of the immigrants are under :fifteen years of age and less that 15 per cent. over 

forty, leaving 60 per cent. in the prime of life, qualified for immediate 

service in developing our territory and forwarding our enterprises. 

Vast a.s has been their contribution to the nation's wealth, it by no 

means measures their proportionate worth in the total which represents our civilization, prosperity, and power. They ha.ve digged our canals, 

built our railways, burrowed in our mines, reclaimed and made fruitful the wilderness. In addition; the names of Hamilton, Gallatin, J\for- · ris, Girard, Agassiz, Watson, S1ater, Ericsson, Schaff, Guyot, Ingham, 

Moran, Draper, Parton, Asbury, and Hopkins suggest a catalogue, 

too long for enumeration, of foreign-born citizens eminent in the advance of statesmanship, commerce, science, invention, education, art, 

literature, and morals; and when the integrity and perpetuity of the 

Government of their choice was assailed byinternalfoes, they hastened 

to enlist under its flag and consecrate their lives and fortunes to its 

defense. . From Bull Run to Appomattox, on weary marches, in ener- vati.rig camps, in the deadly charge, in stubborn defenses, in the ranks 

and at the council board, their sturdy arms and loyal hearts gave gen- erous service. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CocKRELL in the chair). The 

Senator will J>uspend till the Chair lays before the Senate, as is his 

duty at this hour, the unfinished business, being Senate bill No. 371. 

1\fr. BLAIR. I ask that that bill be temporarily laid aside. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The unfinished business will be temporarily laid aside, and the Senator from Uichigan will proceed. EVILS OF Ulli"RESTRICTED IMMIGRATION. 

~fr. PALMER. Between the establishment of our Government and 

the breaking out of the war of the rebellion 5, 293,760 aliens had landed 

on our shores. During the four years of strife only 546,466 were received, but since January 1, 1865, 8,426,534, or more than 58 per cent. 

of the total, have been added. The census enumerators in 1880 found 

6,679,943 foreign-born residents, and 3,577,769 have been registered 

since January 1, 1881, making the present probable imported population of the United States nearly or quite ten millions of souls; but, inasmuch as, according to the Malthusian law of increase, about seventyfive years would be required to render our population as dense as that 

of France, there is no present numerical reason for prohibiting the influx, save possibly the crowding of the labor market. The growing 

disquiet of workingmen and anxiety of property-holders are not properly based upon the volume of immigration, but upon its character and 

distribution. An undue and oppressive competition in wages is felt at 

industrial centers; our charities, reformatories, and penal institutions 

are overtaxed, and, worst of all, there is seen a growth of classes, un- American and hard of assimilation, which menace the public peace and 

threaten to overturn all established law and usages. 

The observation and investigation of the thoughtful and the patriotic appears to be crystallizing to a conviction that our country, with 

sixty millions of people and fifty billions of wealth, has passed at least 

beyond the need of immigration; that it is fully capable of self-support 

and self-defense, and, while neither completed development, strained 

resources, nor fear of early overpopulation require the exercise o~ its 

right of e~c1usion, the time has come to put in operation its right of 

selection. In other words, it is time for America to go out of the 

"asylum" business; to cease to becomplacentlyregarded as the "Universal Colony" of the Old World; to deny the use of its shores as a 

dumping-ground for the vicious and delinquent human -product of other 

nations; it should compel recognition henceforth as a land of opportunities for those, and for those only, who desire to become Ameri- can citizens in the highest and broadest sense, and whose physical, 

mental, and moral qualifications are such as render their coming profitable to the Republic. 

With us are found the highest wages, the largest liberty, and the 

easiest procurement of comforts and competency in tbe world, and we should exercise a wise discretion in sharing these advantages, to the end 

that they be not lessened by the acts or delinquencies of the beneficiaries. UNDESIRABLE IMMIGRANTS. 

An examination of the statistics of immigration between 1872 and 

the present year will show that less thau 11 per cent. were skilled laborers, and more than 48 per cent. wete without occupation. 

Total immigration classified by occupation. 

Profes- Miscella- Oooup~ ~ Without 

Year. sional. Skilled. neous. tion not occupa- Total. 

- stated. tion. 

1873 ....................... 2,980 48, 792 168,724 4:868 1 234,439 459,803 

1874 ...................... . 2,477 38,700 ll7.041 4,233 150, 889 313,339 

1875 .. .................... . 2,426 33,803 84,546 1,291 105,432 227,498 

1876 ....................... 2,400 24,200 72,275 910 70,201 169,986 

1877 ....................... 1,885 21,006 55,650 673 62,643 141,857 

1878 ....................... 1.510 16,531 57,806 738 61,884 138,469 

1879 ....................... 1,639 21, ;J62 73,053 897 80, 875 177,826 

1880 ....................... 1, 773 49,929 188,109 2,194 215,252 457,257 

1881 ....................... 2,812 66,457 244,492 8,140 347,530 669,431 

1882 ....................... 2,992 72,664 310,501 10,6L9 392,210 788,992 

1883 ....................... 2,450 62,505 216,549 46,660 275,658 ' 603,322 

1884 ....................... 2,284 55,061 1S1,195 31,665 24.5,387 518,592 

1885 ....................... 2,097 39,817 141,702 15,398 196,332 395,346 

1886 ....................... 2,078 36,522 137,651 496 157,456 334,203 

Total ........... 31,803 587,349 205,229 128,782 2,596,188 5,396, 416 
1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 655 

Several factors in this aggregate may well be viewed with concern. ·Chinese immigration }las been already checked, bnt that of the lower 

grades of Slavoni::u;ts, Hungarians, Russian Jews, Servians, Italians, and 

other mces similarly 1mwholes01pe in kind, if not in degree, is increas- ing; while from Germany, Bohemia, and elsewhere, mingled with thou- sands of honest home seekers, come tbe fanatical followers of Bakunin, 

social wolves, honoring no flag, revering nothing as sacred, defying and 

despising all laws and rights of persons or property, whose emblem of 

ochlocracy is colored with innocent blood, lighted by incendiary torches, 

and saluted by dynamite bombs. 

The introduction of large masses of foreign laborers whose standard 

of living is lower tbanonrs and whose stay is designed to be temporary, 

may stimulate _production for a time, but, if it be repeated or prolonged, 

must compel a lowering of the standard of ·life among native competitors, add a stigma to labor, and degrade its character and subsequent 

efficiency. . The appeal from our workingmen for "white men's wages" is more . than a catch ~ry, and should be heeded by those who have the preser- vation of oilr free institutions in view and keeping, while the accepted 

aphorism that'' an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure," 

should need small urging to secure the consent of all to the rigid ex- clusion of communists, anarchists, and nihilists. 

DEFECTIVE, DEPENDENT, AND DELINQUENT CLASSES. 

In our repressive and corrective tre.:1.tment of the Mormon problem no attention bas been thus far given to preventive applications at the 

main source of supply, although, in lt!Sl, an eminent investigator said: 

But for the steady influx of foreigners the dreadful features of the 1\Iormon 

Church, polygamy and the exaltation of the church over the state, would die out in America in two generations. 

Our laws have long forbidden the landing of criminals, paupers, l una- tics, idiots, and persons unable to take care of themselves, but their enforcement ha& been left to the vigilance of boru-ding officers at the mo- ment of their arrival. The last obtai,nable general statistics, those of 

the census of 1880, showed 88,246 foreign-born persons among o.ur de- fective, dependent, and delinquent classes, in :public asylums, almshouses, and prisons, and in -this enumeration the children of foreign- born parents are classed as natives. While our imported citizens at 

th..'l.t time constituted but 13! per cent. of our total population_ they 

furnished more than 28! per cent. of our insane, nearly 22 per cent. of our prisoners, more than 34 per cent. of our· paupers in almshouses, 

and nearly 44 per cent. of the inmates of work-houses and houses of correction. 

Defective, dependent, and delinquent classes- Census of 1880. 

Insane ............................................................. . Idiots ............................................................. .. Blind .............................................................. . Deafmutes ......... _ ........................................... .. Paupers in almshouses .................................. .. Prisoners ........................................................ .. Prisoners in penitentiaries ......................... .... .. Prisoners in reformatories .............................. .. Prisoners in work-houses and houses of cor- rection .......................................................... . 

Total ...... ..................................... : .......... .. 

Native. 

65,651 

72,888 

40,599 

30,5('fl 

44,106 

46,338 

24,731 

10,356 

4,425 

339,601 l 

Foreign Per cent. of 

born. foreign born. -

26,346 

4,007 

8,329 

3,371 

22,961 

12,917 

5,892 984 

3,439 

88,246 

• 286-f-

.052+ 

. 170+ 

.099+ 

.342+ 

.218+ 

. 192+ 

.CJ86+ 

.437+ 

Children of foreign-horn parents are classed in these statistics as " n atives." 

liESULTS IN NEW YORK. 

In this connection I will read an extract from a very suggestive and 

instructive paper presented before theN ational Convention of Charities 

and Corrections at Omaha, last September, by Dr. C. S. Hoyt, the sec- retary of the State Board of Charities of the .State of New York: 

The whole number of inmates of the poor-houses and alms-houses of New York, including the insane in the asylum department of New York City, Kings 

and various other counties, durin.~: the year ending September 30, 1886, as I'eported to the State Board of Charities, was 68,529, of whom 27,fli5 were native 

and 4.1,454 foreign horn. Estimating the present population of the State at 6,000,000, as generally accepted, with the relative proportion of nati>e to the 

foreign-born population as found by the Federal census of 1880, its native pop- ulation now in round numbers is 4,560,000, or 76 per cent .. land its foreign popu- lation 1,440,000,or24 per cent. Upon this basis theproportion of its native-born 

inhabitants who were in poor-houses and alms-houses, as indoor paupers, in 

1886, was 1 to every 168 of its native population, while the proportion of those 

of foreign birth who were in those institutions in the course of the year was 1 to every 35 of its foreign-born population, the ratio being nearly five times 

greater than the ratio in the native population. We have no exact data as to the nativity of the outdoor paupers relieved in the Sta te during the year but careful observation and the general te!ltimony of the officers charged with the ~dministl:"ation of ~his form of public -relief lead to. the belief that the disparity lll the rat10 of forei-gn-born to native paupers of this class to the popUlation was even greater than in that of its indoor panpe1·s. T~e number of insane committed to its various State hospitals for acute cases dun!lgthe :year1886,asreported by .therespectivem~calsuperintendents, and commg mamly from the rural counties, was 1,248, of whom868 were of native and 

380 of foreign birth, it being an excess of nearly 42 per cent. in the ratio of the in- san~ in the for~ign-bom POJ?Ulation o.ver ~he ratio of the insane arising from the 

native population. The rat1o of fore1gn Insane as compared with the ratio of 

native insane in t~e a~lums of New York City, Kings and other counties, with 

P?Pulouscenters, ISlllLlversallyconceded to bemuchgreaterthan in the State hospitals, but under the present system of reporting by these· institutions extended 

and exact figures in this respect can not be given. A recent investigation into the 

New York City Lunatic .Asylum, or Ward's Island. devoted wholly to men, showed that its extremely crowded wa1·ds contained~916patients.lwo-thirdsof 

whom, according to the sworn testimony ot the medical superintendent;, were of 

foreign birth, the ratio being more than three times greater than in the insane 

coming from the native population, or in nearly exact figures, an excess of 857 patients in the institution in consequence of such undue proportion offoreign- born over native insane, arising from the respective foreign and native populations. In the ~IonroeCountyLunatic Asylum,embracingthecityofRochesteP, 

60 per cent. of its patients last year, according to a recently published address 

of the county superintendent of the poor, were of foreign birth, while only 27 per cent: of the population of the county were foreign-born. The insane in these 

asylums, as well as in the other city and county asylums referred to, belong 

almost wholly to the pauper class, and most of then:t, therefore~ become sub- jects of public relief and care through life, the burden and expense of which, 

under the settlement laws of the State, are required tO be borne by the locality upon which they may chance to fall. 

The admissions to the State Asylum for Insane Criminals at Auburn in 1886, 

uceording to the report of the medical superintendent, were 75. Of these4S were natives and 27 foreign-born. This shows an excess of more than 75 per cent. in 

the ratio of insane criminals of foreign birth committed to the institu\ion during 

the year as compared with the ratio of native-born insane crinlinals coming from the nati>e population. The Willard Asylum to October 1, 1886. has received 3,964 cllronic insane 

patients since its opening in 1869; and the Binghamton State Asylum 1,292 

since its opening in 1881, making a total of 5,256. Of these 3,208 were nati>e 

and 1,8S4 of foreign birth, w bile the birth-places of 154 have not been ascertained. This gives a proportion of insane of foreign birth in these institutions of nearly 2 to l, when compared with the proportion of insane in them of native birth 

arising from the native population. All of these insane have been paupers, chargeable to the respective counties from which they were sent, and with but 

few exceptions they have been and are likely to continue as life dependents upon those counties. ' The whole number of convictions in its -courts during the year ending Oc- tober 31, 1886, for all grades of offenses, according to the report of the secretary 

of state, was 89,601, of whom proportionately the foreign-born were nearly three 

times greater than the native-horn, and the records of its prisons, penitentiaries, 

work-houses, and jails also show an tmdue ratio of foreign over native born in- mates. PR-OPOSED RESTR-ICTIONS. 

The design of such propo~ed changes in the laws regulating and re- stricting immigration as are found in this bill is to provide for the exclu- sion of dependent, delinquent, and dangerous classes through an in-

&pection and investigation where their chamcters are known, instead 

of at the port of entry where they are unknown, and to effect this with 

the least possible hardship or inconvenience to desirable immigrants. 

The first, third, fifth, sixth, seventh, .eighth, and ninth sections ru-e substantially the same as at present, with such alterations in the laws as are required to give effect to the new provisions in sections 2 and 4. 

Section 2 follows the form and language of section 2 of the act to regulate immigration now in force to the last clause, which is changed to 

read as follows : 

And if on such examination there "shall be found among such passengers any adult person not a citizen of the United States, and not provided with a certifi- cate from the United States consul for the district of his residence and · from 

which he proposes to emigrate, setting 'forth substantially that the said consul 

is satisfied upon diligent inquiry that he is a suitable and desirable person for 

residence and citizenship in the United States, they shall report the same in 

writing to the collector of such port, and such persons shall not be permitted. to land. -

Section 4 is as follows: That the Secretary of State shall establish such rules and regulations and 

issue from time to time such instructions to consuls of the United States, not inconsistent with law or with treaty obligations, as shall enable well-disposed 

a-nd worthy persons who desire to become residents or citizens of the United 

States to obtain certificates of character and fitness therefor from the consul of 

the district in which they reside, without hardship or unreasonable delay · which 

certificate shall contain, in addition to other specifications required by this act, or which may be prescribed by the Secretary of State, the full name of the indi- vidual receiving the same, the place of birth, age, occupation, last legal resi- dence, physieal marks or peculiarities, and all facts necessary for the identification of such individuals; but no certificate shall be granted to any convict, ex- cept those convicted of ~olitical offenses, nor to any lunatic, idiot, or any person unable to take care of himself or herself without becoming a public charge, nor t-o any anarchist, nihilist, or any person hostile to the-principles of the Constitu- tion or form of government of the United States, nor t9 a.ny believer or pro- fessed believer in the Mormon religion, who fails to satisfy the consul upon ex- amination that he or she intends to and will conform to and obey the laws of 

the United States, nor to any person included in the prohibition in the act to prohibit the importation and immigration of foreigners and aliens under con- tract or agreement to perform labor in the United States, the Territories, and the 

District of Columbia, approved February 26, 1885, or in acts amendatory to said act. -

The :first clause of section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, ''The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing 

shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior 

to the year 1808," carries with it the power to prohibit immigration sub- sequent to that date, and the exclusion of slaves, Chinese, and contract 

labor has been already undertaken by Congress. 

SUGGESTIONS OF UNITED STATES COXSULS. 

In April, 1886, Secretary Bayard, realizing the growing importance 

of this question and the necessity for comprehensive data in its consideration and determination, addressed a circula1: letter to consular officers 

ofthe United States in EuropB, instructing them to report upon theex- tc;lnt and character of the emigration from their several districts to the 

United States. The result of this inquiry was transmitted to Congress 

under date of February 10, 1887, and I will ask the Clerk to read from 

that report, on page 46, a portion of the communication of Edmund 

Jussen, consul-general at Vienna. 

The Chief Clerk read as follows: 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY-R-EPOR-T OF CONSUirGENERAL JUSSEN. 

In complying with your circular of April 27, 1886, I have no recent statistics to guide me, and must rely entirely upon such private information as I have been 
·-

656 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 24, 

enabled to obtain, and upon the reports of the statistical bureau, published in 

January, 1886, and covering no la~r period than the year 1884. F1·om this report it appears that in the year 1884 Austria lost 7,215 of its subjects by emigration, of which 5,788 emigrated with and 1,427 without the consent of the government, and that in the year 1883 about the same number, namely, 

7,366, emigrated from Austria. This report contains the admission that the effort to ascertain what particular foreign countries were the destination of these emigrants was quite in vain, and that inquiries in this behalf at the foreign consu- lates of Austria-Hungary were of no avail whatever. 

The report admits further that the information published by foreign statistical bureaus is the most reliable and only source from which the Austrian Gov- ernment can ascertain how many of its subjects leave their Austrian homes and to what particular country they emigrate. An Austrian can cross the line without a passport without much difficulty, and can go on board ship at Havre, Rotterdam, or Antwerp without being asked 

for his papers or having his character inquired into. Those emigrants who obtain passports generally belong to the better classes and are not members of the 

dangerous elements. The young men who want to escape military service, the 

ultra-socialist, the anarchist, the men who have lost all social and business footing here, the bankrupt, embezzler, and swindler stops not to obtain permission 

of the government, and naturally the authorities have no sort of record here 

either as to the number or the place of destination of this class of emigrants. . There is no prospect, at leas~ as far as Al!stria is concerned, that the emigratiOn of t·hese classes to the Umted States will ever be controlled by the authorities here to such an extent as to directly or indirectly benefit our country. 

T.he government would, as a matter of course, prohibit, if it could do so the 

ermgration of all young men subject to military duty; but it is quite natural 

that it feels no regret to get rid of the ultra-socialist and anarchist and that it is 

quite willing the bankrupt and swindler should depart for foreign ~untries, and 

that the paupers should find support away from home, and it is therefore not to be expected that the Austrian passport system will be amended in the direction 

of preventing these incumbrances on society from crossing the line of the Em- pire outward bound. In view of these facts and circumstances, I would suggest that the only prac\i- cal effort in the direction of controlling this sort of emigration to our Republtc 

would seem to be a direct supervision by the United States consuls in their re- spective dis1ricts as to all emigrants desiringtoleave that districtforthe United 

States. Although any Austrian may leave the Empire without the consent of 

his government, he can not land and settle in the United States except under cer- tain conditions and on certain terms which the United States can prescribe. 

Would it·, therefore, not he feasible to require by proper legislation that every emigrant landing in the United States should present a certificate from the United 

States consul of the district from which he emigra.ted, setting forth that consu- lar inquiries as to the character, etc., of the applicant were satisfactorily an- swered, the extent of such inquiry to be prescribecl by t.he instructions of the 

Department? The labor involved would of course be considerable and could not possibly be performed wilh the clerical assistance at present all~wed to con- sular officers, but the object to be gained would certainly be more than an equivalent for an increase of the consular expense account. -!'-s f~r as Aus.tria is concerned, there would be no difficulty in obtaining cletalled mformat10n as to the character, antecedents, etc., of every subject dwelling 

within its borders. Although the Austrian authorities lose sight of the cmi.,.rant as soon as be crosses the line, they guard him very closely while he lives ~pon Austrian soil. It would, of course, be for the Department to decide to what ex- tent and in what direction official information as to an emigrant should be re- garded a~ conclu~ive, and I understand also tba.t it will be extremely difficult to pre sen be the line to b~ drawn between the refusal and the granting of a con- sular certificate or passport; but in spite of all, the question remains, what other 

~~~c!\C:~~~~~~Yt~~u~~~:J"~f~t~esd? to prevent the immigration of these dangerThe labor and agricultural classes of Bohemia probably supply the greatest 

number of emigrants to the United States, and among the Bohemian industrial lab?r~rs some of the mos~ violent ultra-socialists m:e to b~ found. The great maJority of these Bohemran laborers, both of the tndustrtal nnd agricultural class, are illiterate and ignorant in the extreme. They stand in great awe of 

the police authorities at home. They are generally very robust and vigorous men; industrious and capable of great physical labor and exertion. 

Mr. PALMER. On page 54, Henry Sterne, consul at Budaoesth, in 

concluding his report on the Hungarian emigrants, writes what I ask 

the Secretary to read. · The (Jhief Clerk read as follows: 

I am of the opinion that with the present condition of the labor market in the 

United States there is no room there at present for this class of people. I even believe that under more favorable conditions in the United States these Slovacks are not a desirable acquisition for us to make, since they appear to have so ma.ny items in common with the Chinese. 

Like these, they are extremely frugal, the love of whisky of t.he former being balanced by the opium habit of the latter. 

Their ambition Jacks together in quality and quantity. Thus they will work 

similarly cheap as the Chinese, and will interfere with a civilized laborer earn" 

ing a "white" laborer's wages. • ~ 

Like the Chinese, again, they are very exclus.ive people, and though American 

institutions may go a great way towards removing this defect, it will surely re- quire generations to make them enlightened citizens where emigrants of other 

11ations only needed a few years. Of their habits I shall not speak, since the 

changed situation would undoubtedly act wonders in this respect in a short 

time. 

Another main objection to them is that, like the Chinese, they do not intend to remain in our country, not even as long as the latter, though like some of 

these, also, an occasional Slovack may '' stick." But to show how sincere and 

strong their intention is to return home when they emigrate, I will state what I ha.Ye from very good authority, namely, that some of the better-to·do families 

giYe their daughters in marriage to men upon the special condition that after a reasonably lengthy honeymoon, the husband must go to America to make his 

fortune, when he may come backagain tohiswife,and whilethusaway they all 

conscientiously supply their families with the necessary means of living, thus 

again like the Chinese, becoming no permanent benefit to the United States, 

their earnings never staying in the country. To say a last word about these'' Slovacks,'' they are, after all, a people more to be pitied than anything else, but ''charity should begin at home." 

l\Ir. PALMER. I now ask the Secretary to read what Consul Loening, n.t Bremen, says on page 150 of the report. 

The Chief Clerk read as follows: BREMEN. • 

Bremen is the principal1·endezvous for emigrants, from all over the middle, 

eastern, and northern parts of Europe. The Turk and the Norwegian together 

climb up the side of a" Lloyd" steamer on sailing day, seeking new homes in 

America. 

From this crowd of emigrants from all over the world that congregates here on the day of ~ailing, I have very little opportunity of personally judging their 

condition or characteristics; but from what I see and hear I believe that the 

Bohemia?s, Hungarians, Poles, Italians, and poor Russian jews, who emigrate to the Urn ted States now, are a worthless lot. 

Mr. PALMER. I also ask the Secretary to read what Consul Tanner, 

of Chemuitz, says as to the social condition of the cla~s who emigrate 

from Saxony, on page 159: 

The Chief Clerk read as follows: · 

SOCIAL CO~"DITION. 

From what I have said above it may be infe!'l'ed that the social condition of 

the class that emigrate is very low. Many of them huddle together in one room,.whic!-t is full of lice and otheryermin. Cleanliness is their worst enemy, and vutue IS unknown and unpracticed among them. They live on nothing 

but a crust of dry, dark bread, and spend all they can earn on stron"' liquors. Apart from such drink thev li\'e on about 7 or 8 cents per day. ~ The better class of emigrants that we receive are those who come under the 

head in the table of mechanics; but even these are not the best artisans in Qer- many. 

.Mr. PALMER. On page 185, William W. Lang, consul at Hamburg, gives suggestive information relative to the migration of the 

dangerous c]asses. I will ask the Secretary to read it. 

The Chief Clerk read as follows: 

. A!lo~her cause -promoti•e of emigration is found in. the socialiste·ngesetz (soCJahstw law). ThiS law was enacted by the force of public sentiment, aggravated 

by the two attempts on the life of the venerable Emperor William, and deprives many, on accoun~ <?f tbc::ir political opinions,. of their privileges, and relegates 

them to the admm1stratlve power of the pohce. Under the provisions of this 

law a person who is suspected of socialistic views may be banished from the 

city where he lives. Also, by this law certain cities are placed partially under 

martial law, namely: Berlin, Hamburg, Leipsic, Chemnitz, and more recently 

Spremberg. 

As other German States pursue n.like course, the socialist finds himself forced to seek shelter and home in some other country. The grt>ater number of so- cialists who have emigrated have gone directly to the United Stat-es. This may be stated !\S the only way in which the German Government exerts an influ- ence. w~ich would encourage emigration, and, if it does this, it is indirectly. 

Cnmmals are never banished; on the ·Contrary, they are forbidden to leave 

the country until they have suffered the penalty which the law inflicts. If they escape, every effort is made to recapture them. Banishment has never been 

adopted by the German Government as a method of riddance of the mischiev- ous and turbulent elements of societ.y; even penal settlements have ever been 

repulsive to the idea..~ of the Imperial Parliament. As the bulk of German emi· 

gration goes t.o the United Stat-es, so also the majority of the criminals and ref· use of society that leave the country find their way there. 

The freedom of our republican form of government, the liberty of the pres.'! 

and the right to-hold public assemblies have proved to be a congenial encourage~ went to socialistic agitators. 4n opinion prevails that leading members of the German socialistic party al'e gomg f? the United States for the purpo;>e .of consolidating and molding into one sohd, compact party the German socmhsts who have heretofore emigrated 

there, and who are now acting in a separate and unorganized way. A natural sequence of tbe unmolested condition of the socialists in America as compared 

with their condition in Europe aud detailed in their letters from banished co- laborers in the cause in America is thought to be the leading reason for the 

large exodus of socialists from the states of Enrope to the United States. 

Anarchists are merely the radical elements of the socialistic party. Every true social-democrat will become an anarchist if he follows the rules, precepts, ideas, and teachings of his party. Socialism is the bloS'som and anarohv is the 

fruit from seed sown by Barleau, Lasalle, Marx, and other eminent soci'al-'dem- ocrats. The st-rict police regulations of the German Government suppress an- archism by sheer force, but it may be a question pregnant with alarm that two- thirds of the social-democrats who have and are emigrating to the United States may not grow step by step under our free institutions more and more radical 

in their views and demands, thus becoming anarchists and the disturbers of the peace and order of society. 

Mr. PAL~IER. In his annual report Consul-General Mueller writes 

(see page 326) what I ask the Secretary to read. 

The Chief Clerk read as follows: 

Befor~. however, passing this subject, I may be permitted to refer to the ever- increasing emigration from Roumania, Galicia, and Russian provinces, which I I believe to he injurious to the interests and to the development of our country. 

The class of people emigrating from said countries, with slight exceptions, are known to be mentally and physically neglected, if not crippled, notorious invalids, unfitted to perform manual labor or to earn their livelihood by honest w.ork, nor is there any likelihood that they ever become educated to American citizenship. These people, grown up under-the worst influences, hated, despised, 

persecuted, and suppressed, lack manhood, self-reliance, and ambition, are neither disposed to nor capacitated for work, and bare of almost any quality to assimilate themselves with American civilization. In the absence of the nobler 

instincts of life, they will ever prove a disag-reeable burden to themselves and to t.heir adopted country. It is an open secret that organized and systematic efforts are being made in 

the above-mentioned countries to get rid of the poor and helpless Jews by forcing them to emigrate, by compelling them, if need be. From information I learn that this emigration will increase from month to month, soon to assume more formidable proportions, unless preventive measures A.re bein!f d evised- measures which will protect the United States against the exportation thitiler 

of paupers, criminals. and semi-barbarians. 

Russia. Austria, Turkey, or any other country should no longer be accommo- dated to rid themselves, at the expense of the United States, of the degraded 

products of their own make. 

Mr. PALMER. Mr. President, it will be said by some, and with a show of rea-son, that the means of exclusion proposed by this bill will 

be insufficient; that consuls will have neither the time nor the means 

t-o make an effective examination on which the enabling certificate may 

be based; and that, no matter how diligent they may be, many un- desirable persons will be accredited. Conceding this to be true, is the 

attempt at selection to be abandoned entirely because, from the nature 

ofthe case, the examination can not be critically exact? 

From the extracts from consular reports cited it appears that there 

have been many emigrants from localities coming under their supervision whose coming to us they deprecate and against whom they 

would discriminate had they an opportunity. Would not the enu- meration of apparently defective and delinquent persons be increased 
• 

1888. • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. 657 

by: a careful examination? Are there not many emigrants now landing 

wb.owould be discredited at a g1ance by the consul? 

The examination, no matter how cursory, would make it more difficult for the paupers, idiots, and the insane to get embarkation; it 

would be more difficult for convicts, for their reputation would be a matter of record. It would be more difficult for polygamous Mormons 

and their flocks, for the converts are known and the sources of supply. ·As for the chronic disturbers of law and order, men and women whom 

adverse surroundings have educated and cruel fate has consecrated to an apostleship of the bloody band and incendiary torch, whose hopes 

for humanity can see the only road to the promised land over the fallen 

columns of despoiled and burning cities and the embers of once peaceful homes, their exclusion would be easy, for they would avow themselves; again, under the police surveillance of other countries, these 

people are known and their record is kept. 

Some may say, to what end should these men be excluded, when their 

disciples with the germs of the anarchistic or nihilistic school already 

developing within them are admitted and their books have wide circulation among us? 

The answer, I conceive, to that objection is this: That many so imbued would, amid other and more favorable surroundings, shrink from 

a prop~o-andism which bad for its acknowledged agencies "poison and 

poniaTd.'' They would revolt from a school that had elevated the sci- ence of destruction into a system of philosophy, from a religion whose 

gospel is the sword and whose prophecies are read in letters of :fire and 

punctuated by the bullet of the ass~in. 

This moral distemper should be guarded against as strictly as physical contagion. 

It is almost certa.in, Mr. President, that the lamentable occurrence ofthe Chicago riot, tragic in its beginning and ending, where Ameri- can justice, long delayed, but more terrible because delay could not 

abate its relentless pursuit nor avert the retributive blow, would have 

happened bad not discontent, unmoored by false doctrines, been stimulated to ruthless acts by the infectious example of agitators from abroad. 

The crime was un-American. To the credit of our foreign-born citizens 

be it said that the martyrs to and defenders of law and order upon that 

fatal evening were in a great part our country's adopted sons, who 

knew that liberty without law was license. 

I do not fear, Mr. President, that anarchy could exist for any length 

of time in an American city, but when we consider that :five thousand 

Jacobins (according to Taine) kept Paris, then a city of seven hundred 

thousand people, a people noted 1or their desperate bravery, in abject 

fear for fourteen months, a period to which the mental condition of the 

inhabitants gave a name as unique as it is descriptive, the "Reign of 

Terror," the presence of these promoters of violence and the personal 

agitaMon of their pernicious ideas must give us pause. 

The methods of the J acobins were the same as those advocated by the 

anarchist and nihilist, namely, ''a series of assassinations and audacious 

and even mad enterprises, horrifying the powerful and dazzling the people till they believe in the triumph of the revolution." 

I do not contend, Mr. President, that this bill is all that could be desired; but I believe it is a step in the right direction, and a step which our people, native and foreign born, desire to see taken. I believe it 

will make the evasion of our present laws more difficult and compel 

in addition thereto, what the enlightened sentiment of our people demands, a moral quarantine. . Mr. President, I move that the bill be referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations, and I ask that the tables of statistics which I 

submit shall be printed in the RECORD. I would read them but that 

I wish to save time. · , The PRESIDENT pro tempm·e. The bill will be referred to the 

Committee on Foreign Relations, and the t.:1.bles printed in the RECORD, 

as requested by the Senatox from Michigan, if there be no objection . 

The tables are as follows: 

PASSENGER MOVEMENT AND Il!IMIGRATION. 

Number and nationalities of alien passengers arrived in the United States during each year from 1820 to 1867, and of immigrants only during each 

year from 1863 to 1886. 

[NoTES.-a Prior to the year 1820 no official record was kept ofihe arrivals of alien passengers. It is estimated, however, t!:tat the total number arrived in the 

United States from the foundation of the Government to the year 1820 was 250,000. b The years 1820 to 1831 and from 1843 to 1850, inclusive, are fiscal years 

ending September 30; all other years are calendar years.] 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

Countries. 1820. 1821. 1822. 1823. 1824. 1825. 1826. 1827. 1828. 1829. 1830. 1831. 

l_..,----------------------------------1----· --------------------------------------· -

England ...................................................... : ..... 1, 782 1,036, 856 851 713 1,002 1,459 2,521 2, 735 2,149 733 251 Ireland .............................................................. 3,614 1,518 2,257 1,908 2,345 4,888 5,408 9, 766 12,488 7,415 2, 721 5, 772 Scotland ............ ................................................ 268 293 198 180 257 113 230 460 1,041 111 29 226 Wales ................................................................ ............ 11 13 69 33 11 6 . ..... i','205. 17 3 7 131 Great Britain, not specified .............................. 360 1,870 154 261 969 624 1,559 916 384 1,867 ------------------------------ Total British Isles ...................................... 7,727 

======================== ===== ====== ======== ======= ======= =======~b==~--11--~---

6,024 4,728 3,488 3,008 3,609 6,983 ·13, 952 17,840 10,594 3,874 8,247 

~ t~~i~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ....... ,.1 .......... 2 .. ······ ·1c;· ......... 2 .......... i'" ········i· ............ 2 .............. :,·· ............ 2 ................. ···· ................... , .... . 8 Denmark........................................................... 20 12 18 6 11 14 10 15 50 .......... 17· .......... 16' J 

9 France............................................................... 371 370 351 460 377 515 545 1, 280 2, 843 582 1 174 2 038 ~~ G~rmrny. ...... ...... ............... .... .. .................. ...... 968 383 148 183 2ao 450 511 432 1, 851 597 1: 976 · 2: 413 

~ !~~1tt~~Gt\··~l·~:.: .. !i·:~:~·:::···. :·:·:::~: :;·:;·:~~: :::::::~: :::::::~: :::::::~i: :::::::~: ::::::::::+ :::::::··:~: ::::·.:·.:~: ::·.::::::~~: ::·::::·::::r : .. :.:::::~: 

~g ~liKt.~:::::::::·::::·:·:·:·:·:::·:·:·::::·:·:::::·:·:·::::::::·:·::::::·::·:·:::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::~:: :::::::::::: :::::::::i: ::::::::::::::: ............ ~ .. ::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::: :::::::::~:::: 20 Netherlands...................................................... 49 56 51 19 40 37 ......... i76 .......... 245. ·········253· ......... i69'· .......... 22 .......... i75' i ~~~J.~\\!))J!:;\:~l::).~.:.)t.).\\~~~~\\1\\\~\::::l: :::::::~: :::::::~: :::::::~: ::::::::~: :::::::~~ :: ::A::::::::::}~::::::::::::.;: ::::::::::~~: ::::::::::~~: :::::::::::~: :::::::::::·? 

28 Spain................................................................. 139 191 152 220 359 273 436 414 209 202 21 37 29 Switzerland...................................................... 31 93 110 47 253 166 245 297 1, 592 314 109 63 

30 Turkey in Europe............................................. 1 4 2 2 2 1 6 1 2 

Total Europe, not Britjsh Isles................. l, 667 

========================== 

1, 2ffl ~ 1, 008 1, 356 1, 560 -;,o24 -z:;J67 ~ ~ 3;343' ~ 

Tota.l Europe............................................ 7, 691 5, 935 4, 418 4, 016 4, 965 8, 543 9, 751 16,719 24,729 12,523 7, 217 13,039 

=======-=========== 

TotalAsia.................................................. 5 ......... :.. 1 ......... ... 1 1 ---1- ---1---3 ---2-===-----1-

.1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

'i 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14. 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

2G 

'2:1 

28 

29 

30 

~ ~~1~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: ::::::::::: :::::::::::: ::::::::::: ::::::::::1:::: :::::: :::::: ::::t::::::::::::::J:::::~:::::::[:::::::::>: ::::::::::::::: :::::::::.::::: ~ XIX-4:2 

; 
· I 658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. • JANUARY 24, 

Number and nationalities of alien passengers arrived in the United State8 during eadt year front- 1820 to 1867, and of immigrants only from 1868 to 

1886-Continued. 

Countries. 1820. 1821. 1822. 1823. 1824. 1825. l 1826. 1827. 1828. 1829. 1830. 1831. 

1: ~~::::-:,:·~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·········:· =+§§§~§=+=f :::::::::::~: ············:· ············: :: 

46 Quebec and Ontario ...................................•....•. 47 1\Ianitoba. ......................................................... . 48 Nova Scotia ............................................. ........ . 49 NewBrunswick .............................................. .. 50 Prince Edward Island ..................................... . 51 British Columbia. ............................................. . 52 Newfoundland and Labrador .......................... . 

!r ~~ 1~1 l~J (i (;! (al l• (a) • 1. la (a a a) a (a a 

(a) a ~a) ~a) (a a) 

~~ a) 

a) 

a) 

ta) 53 British North American provinces, not specified....................... .......................................... (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) 

------------1---------------------------- Totn.lBritishNorthAmerican provinces... 209 184 204 167 155· 314 223 165 267 409 189 176 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 

51 

52 

53 

54 ~:texico............................................................... 1 4 5 35 no 68 106 -127 1, 089 2, 290 983 - 692 54 

55 British Honduras............. ................................. (a) (a~ {aaa~ fa) (a) (a) (aa) {a) (a} ~aa) (aa) (a~ 55 56 Costa Rica......................................................... (a) (a a) (a) (a) ( ) (a) (aa ) ( .) {aa 56 57 Guatemala......................................................... (a) (a a) (a) (a) (a) (a) ( a) (a) ( 57 58 Central America., not specified ............................................... ,. . ......................................................................................................................................... 58 

Tots.! Cenb:al America ............................. . 2 .......... .. 3 .......... .. 10 8 12 7 5 '10 50 3 

==========-=======+==: 

~ ~!:il.t.~~~-~~7,~~~~-~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~(a~~ ~:~ :~ ~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~a~ ~~~) ~(a~)~ !aaaa !l~~~~ ~:~ ~ 61 Chili.................................................................. ) (a) a~ a ~a~ ~a~ (. ) ~ a) 61 

~ ~:£;~:~:·:::·:::::::·:::.:.:_:::::::. :::·:·::·::::::::::::::::-:::::::::::::: ~~l ~~~ ~ ;l ~~~ ~~ ~;~ f~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~J ~ 65 United States of Colombia................................. (a ~a a a (a) (a) ~a) (a (a) (a (a) a) 65 66 Venezuela......................................................... (a (a) (a) (a (a) (a) {a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) 66 67 South America., not sp,ecified . .... .... .. .. ............... ...... .. .... ............ ....... ..... ...... .. .... .. ... . .... .. ... .. ...... . ...... . .. .. .... .. . ............ .. .. .... . ...... .... .... .... ... .. . ..... .... ... ..... ... . ...... 67 

-----------------------------------------

68 

69 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

75 

'i6 

77 

78 

79 

so 

81 

82 

Total South America................................. 11 8 7 20 25 67 · 63 54 77 73 137 42 

Antigua ............................................................ ~a) 

~~l ~~~ ~~ (a~ (~l (a) 

~~~ ~~ (a (a) 

~~ Bahamas ............................................................ 

~l I (a) 

~~ '"! Barbadoes ......................................................... r ~~~ !:l (a~ a) 

Cuba. .................................................................. ~~ ~: <:~ 

~~l (a 

t~ 

~~) Cura!:oa ....................................................... : ..... a ~:) (a !:) aJ a) (a a) Guadeloupe ....................................................... t~) a 

~~~ (a) :~ ti ~~ r ~~ ¥a~~i~·:::::·.:::::::·.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ a (a) a) 

(a) a (a) 

(~~ 

(~l a) ~5 ~5 ~~ Martinique ........................................................ (~~ (a 

~i a r a) ~a) Nevis . ............................................................... ~~ a a) 

!:1 

a) 

~~~ ~~~ ~a) Porto Rico ......................................................... !;l a a) ~a) a) 

St. Croix .......................... ., ................. ............... ~:; ~~ (~i ~~ :~ !:) a) 

c~l {:t St. Thomas ........................................................ (a (a) (a Trinidad ..................................... : ...................... (a (a) (a) (a) (a) (a West Indies, not specified ................................. 

Total West Indies...................................... 164 107 159 160 259 389 427 227 652 517 937 1, 281 

68 

69 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 

81 

82 

Total America ............................ ......... ..... . 387j 303 378 382 559 846 831 580 2, 090 3, 299 2, 29! 2, 191 

83 Azores ............................................................... ~................................................ 1 ............... 4 3 1 1 ............... 83 84 Bermudo. ................................................................................................................................... ...... .......... ........... ".... ............... ......... ...... ............... .. ............. 84 85 Canary Islands................................... ............... 3 ............ ............ 1 1 6 12 ........ ;...... 5 243 .............................. 85 86 Cape Verde........................................................ ...... .. ... . ..... ... .... 1 1 ............ 1 1 ... ...... ...... .. .......... .. . .. .... ......... .. ....... .... .. 1 86 

~ ~~~~:~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: =~ .......... ~. :::::::::::: :::::::::::: ......... ~ ... :::::::::::::: ......... : .. · ............ ~ ........... ~~- ~ ...... ~ ............. :.. ~ 

Total islands of the Atlantic ..................... 6 l 6 2 1 9 13 5 17 290 8 2 

89 

· oo 

91 

92 

93 

. ~ ~~~==l===., 

!~J!~~~;~~~~~j\~~(~~!?~~-~~~:~:~::: :.:.::: . :; :::::::::::: :::::::··~· ::•:••·:~·:~ :::::~~:~·:: :~:~:~~·~::: ::::•::•:::::: :::::::::::•::: :::::::::,~:::: ~ ~~ ~ 

i i~~:~~~:3:=D~~~~L~~:~--::::•:~~~~~ ~~~~~~; RECAPITULATION. • 

Europe............................................................ 7, 691 5, 935 4, 418 4, 01G 4, 9&5 8, 543 9, 751 16,719 24,729 12,523 7, 217 13,~39 Asia.................................................................. 5 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 

Africa .. ... . ...... . .... .. . . .. ... ... .. . ..• .. .. .. .. .... .. . .. .. .. ... .. . 1 2 .".. . .. . .. . ... .. .. .. ...... ... ...... .... .. 1 4 6 1 2 2 America............................................................ 387 303 378 382 559 846 &'31 580 2, 090 3, 299 2, 296 2, 194 

Islands of t.he Atlantic..................................... 6 1 6 2 1 9 13 5 17 290 8 2 

Islands of the Pacific...................................... 1 2 ............... ...... ........ ............... ... ... ......... ............ ... ............... ......... ...... ............... 1 All other countries........................................... 294 2, 886 2,106 1, 954 2, 386 799 24.1 1, 566 537 6, 40;) 13,799 7, 394 

Aggregate aliens b................................. 8, 3851 9, 127 6, 911 I 6, 354 --7,9i2r --w:·199 I 10,837 1 18, R75j27, 38~ I 22,520 ,---zs. 322 -22, 633 

a Not stated. bIt has been estimated that about 98 per cent. of the total aliens arrived w ere immizrauts. 
1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 659 

Num.ber and na.tWnalities of alien paisengcers arrived ri,. the United States during each yern-front 1820 to 1867, and of immigrants only jro1n 1868 to 

1886-Conti.nned. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

Countries. 

Sept. 30, 

1831, toDec. 31,1832. 1833. 1834. 1835. 1836. 1837. 1838. 1839. 184.0. . 1841. 1842. 

1-----------------1-----1-----1------------------------------------

England ...... ........ ... _.. ................................... 944 2,966 1,,129 468 4.20 896 157 62 318 147 1,743 

Ireland·-························ ............... ............ 12,436 8, 64.8 24,474 20,927 30,578 28,508 12,645 23,963 39,430 37,772 51,342 

Scotland ..................................................... 158 1,921 110 63 106 14 48 21 35 24 

Wales ....................................................... ................... 29 1 16 2 6 55 38 Great Britain. not specified ....................... 4,229 ................... 9,250 8,423 12,578 11,302 . ..... ii,'ii5' ····1o:zw· ...... 2,'~4· 15,951 20,200 -------- Total British Isles .............................. 17,767 13,564 31,964 29,897 43,684 '40, 726 18,065 34,234 42,043 53,960 -- 73,347 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 Austria ...................................................... .................................... ...... " ·····-·· ............... ............... ............... ........ ....... ......... ...... ......... ..... .. ...... ·i

00· .......... 44. 6 

~ ~~~ua~k·:::::::~:::::::::·:::::::::::::::::::::. :::;;::::: ............ :2i" ............ i'73' z! 3~ ......... 4j6' ......... i09' M ~ 15~ 31 35 ~ 9 France ..................................................... :. 5, 361 4, 682 · 2, 989 2, 696 4, fJ3 5, 074 3, 675 7, 198 7, 419 5, 006 4., 504 9 10 Germany................................................... 10,194 6,988 17,686 8,311 20,7U'7 23,740 11,683 21,028 29,704 15,291 20,370 10 

11 Gibraltar ........................................................ ............................................................................................................................... ; ........ .............................. 11 12 Greece ...... ... ..... . ...... ... ... ...................... ...• 1 1 ..... ... .. ..... 7 28 5 4 .. . ...... .. .. .. 3 .. ......... .... 1 12 1.3 Hungary...... ... .. .. . ... ............... ......... ...... .. .......... ...... ......... .......... ...... .... ..... .. ............. ... ....... ..... .. ............. ......... ... ... .. . ............ .. . ............ .......... ..... ......... ...... 13 14 Italy ~continental)....... ....... ...................... 2 . 1,693 103 56 107 36 82 76 28 • 166 93 14 

i~ Italy insular): ~f:~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::~::: ............... i" .............. 6. } ............. ,............ 8. ::::::::::::::: ............ 4. ~ ............ 9 ........... 13' ~ }~ 

Islands of the Mediterranean : 17 Corsica................................................... 2 ........... ...... ............... ............... ............... ............... 1 2 ............... ............... 1 17 18 Crete ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................... ..................... .. : ...... 18 

~ Ne~~:~\~ ~a~::·:::.::::::::::::::::·.:·:.::::::::::::::::::::: ............ 205. 3~ .......... 87 ... : ...... i24 30i ......... 3.ii' .......... 27· ......................... 57. ~ ~ ~ 

~ ~:Z~{i·.·:::::::·:··::·:··:::··:·::::·:-:-:: ··:·:·:·: .. :.:.:_:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:.:}. 31: ~ : :~ :~ ~ : 3~ ~ 1~ ~ {~ 24 Roumania ...................................................................... -.-... - .................................. _ ...................... - ................................................... .............................. 24 

~ ~i~s~~d·:~::: :: :::::·.~::~:.::·.:::::::::·.:::: ::::·.:::::·.::·.:: .............. :: ............. :~:.. 15 9 2 19 13 7 ............... 174 28 ~ 27 P oland....................................................... 34 1 .......... 5!' .......... S:.i' .......... 53 ........... 81' .......... 41' .......... 4.6' ............ 5 ........... 15· .......... 'io' 21 

~ ~tvil~e;i~~;d·::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::: k~ ~~ 1.~ ~ ~ ~g ~~ ~ ~gg ~ !: ~ 30 Turkey in Europe..................................... ... ............... 1 1 3 ............... ............... 1 1 6 2 30 1-----1---·--·1----11 ------------------r----·--1-----1----

Total Europe, not British Isles ......... l==l=6=, 42==6=]===1=5=, =54=7= l==22=· ,=5=4.=6=l==12=, 090 25,781 30,813 16, OQ5 29, 914 38, 083 

Total Europe .................................... ==34='=193= ==2=9='=1l1= ==5=7,=5=l=O= ==41~,==987=='!====7=0~,=4=65== ==71=,=039= ==3=4,=07='=0=1==64.===14=8=1==80=,=12=6=l==7=6=,2=1=6=l'==99=,=9=4=6l 

22,256 26,599 

31 A1·abia ......................................................................................................... . ........................................................................................................................ 31 

32 Armenia.. ............ ....... .. ................................................. ......................................................................................................... ; ................................ ............... 32 33 Burmah .......... ............................................................. .................. .. _.... ...... ............ ... ......... ...... ............... ... ...... ...... ... ...... ... ... .. ....... .... .. . .... .......... .. ........ ..... 33 34 China........................................................ .................. .................. ............... 8 ............... ......... ...... ............... ............... ............... Z 4. 34 35 India.......................................................... 4 3 6 8 4! 11 1 ............... 1 1 2 35 36 Japan .............................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................... .':: ...... 36 

37 Persia. .. . .. . .. ...... . ... . . . .. . . . .. . .. .. . . ........ ... . .. .. . .... .. .. .... .. . . . ..... .. ... . . . .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. ... .... .. .. ... . . .. .. . . . . .. .. . .. .. ... . .. .. . .. ..... ... .. .. . . . .. . .. .. ... . .. . . ........ .. .... .... ... . . .. . .. .. .. . . . .. . .. 1 37 38 Syria ............................................................... ............................................. ......................................................................................................... ............... 38 39 Asia, not specified ............ ...... .................. .................. ...... ...... ...... ............... 1 ............... ...... ......... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... 39 

Total Asia ........................................ .. 4. 3 6 17 11 1 ............. .. 1 3 7 

========= ========= ======== ======= ======= ======== ======= ================ ======== 40 Algeria .......................................................................................................................................................................... _......... ... .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .... . . .. ..... ... .. .......... 40 41 Egypt ............................ ................................................................................................ .,.. ......... ............... 4 ............... ............... ............... ............... 41 42 Liberia...................................................... ...... .... .. ...... ......... ...... ... .. ... .......... .. ......... ... ......... .... .. .. . ...... ...... .. ............. 8 ....... ........ ......... ...... •• ....... ...... 42 

43 .1\Iorocco .................................................... ........................ .-............................... - ............. ;.......... ............... 4 ................................................ ............ 43 44 South Afdca ........................................................................................ - ..................... ,.............. ............... ............... ............... ............... .............. 44 45 Afri{!a, no-t specified...................... ............ 2 1 1 14 6 2 2 6 14 3 45 

1 1 

----------- ·.rot::tl Africa ....................................... 2 1 14 6 2 10 8 6 14 3 I 

46 Quebec and Ontario .................................. t ~~ ~~~ (a) (a) 

~~ ~~l (a~ 

\El 

t a 46 47 1\Ianitoba ................................................... a) 

~~~ (a~ ~~) ~~ a 47 48 Nova Scotia ................. ............... , .............. a) (a a ~ 

49 New Brunswick ........................................ (a) 

~~~ 1~! ~~ a) t a 49 50 Prince Edward Island .............................. (a~ ~~~ !~l a) a 50 51 British Columbia ...................................... ~~ ~~ ~~) a) a 51 52 NewfoundJand and Labrador ................... (~~ (a a) (~~ (a) a 52 53 British North American provinces, not specified ...................................... ~ .......... (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) 53 

1-----l------1·--------------------------- Total British North American prov- inces................................................ 008 1, 194 1, 020 1.193 2, 814: 1, 279, 1, 476 1, 926 1, 938 1, 816 2, 018 

54 Mexico...................................................... 827 7i9 885 1 1, 032 798 627 211 353 1 395 352 . 403 54 

~ if~~~~~2~:~d??!! .. -::<·:·: .... .J~l..~ ...... W ~~--- . .J~l-~ J;~J;~~~~J; ~ 

I 

I 

59 Arge.ntine Republic........ .... ......... ........... (a{ (a) la) la (a) (a) !a) (al • (a) (a • (a) 59 ~ BraZll.................. ...................................... a

1 (a) a) a (a) (a a) (a {a) !a a! :i 

~ ~~;::~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::~:: :: :::::::::::::::::::::.::: ~l) ~~~ (~! ~~ ~} I f~ ~} ~~) ~: ~ ~ : ~ ~~Wed.~tes ~f'&;i~~b~:::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~5 ~~ <~~ ~~ ~ 

~n:~:'!::!:~~::=~::::::::::::::=::: ······-~--~;~·······!~ ... ;;·~~~~ ··---~·;;· ·····-~)~;· ~~ ~ a Not stat-ed. 

/ .. 
660 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA'l1

E. J .ANU .ARY 24, 

Number and nationalities of alien passengers arrived in the United States du1•ing each year fr1>m 1820 to 1867, and of immigrants only j1·om 1868 to - 1886-Continued. 

Countries. 

From .January 1 to Sep- tember 30, 1843. 

1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 

From 

October 1 1850. to December3l, 

1850. 

1851. 1852. 

l----------------------------l--------l------1-------------------------------l------l--------!-------:l------

~~ ~ ~~l ~~i ~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ (~~ ~~ ~ ~ (~ ~~) f(~ ~~) (~ (~~~ ~(~~ ~~ ~~ a a a a a {a a a a) a) 72 

a a a~ · a a !a a) a a) ~a~ 73 

68 Antigua...................................................... ~a~~ 69 Bahamas .................................................. . 70 Barbadoes .............................................. .. 71 Cuba......................................................... a) 

72 Curar;:oa..................................................... ~ct) 

~~~ ~ 1 il t~ ~ il !i r;l ~~ ~ 

. .... ..1~:= ........ t . ..JL ..... J~L ...... J~l ........ .JL ....... ~il . =J~L ... .J~L . .J~L .. 11 

73 Guadeloupe........................................ ...... aa) 74 Hayt.i ........................................................ ) 

75 .Jamaica..................................................... !:a~) 76 Martinique ................. ............................. .. 77 Nevis ........... ............. ...... ......................... .. 78 Porto Rico .................................. ............. . 79 St. Croix ............ ....................................... (a) 

80 St. Thomas.......................... ...... ................ (a) 81 Trinidad .............................................. :.... (a) 82 West Indies, n?t specified ......................................... . 

Total West Indies ............................. . 

'l'otal An1.erica ........... , ....................... . 

880 

2,854 1 

771 1, 241 1, 351 1, 251 1, 338 1, 073 2, 903 268 ' 1, 929 1, 232 

3,740 5,035 5,525 5,231 7,989 8,904 13,730 2,038 1 9,703 7,695 

83 Azores ....... :. ...... ...... ............ ...... ............... 8 23 5 15 21 20 48 180 ...... ...... ...... 103 178 83 

84 Bermuda ................................. : ............................................................................................................................. .. : ............ .............................................. 84 85 Canary Islands.......................................... .. .. ... ..... .... .. ...... ... .. .. .. .... .. ... ... .. . . .... . ... . .. .. . .. .... .... ..... ...... ... .. .. .. .. ..... .. ...... .... .. ... .. . ... ...... ............ ...... ... .. . ... .... .. .. . ...... 85 

: i~;:;:L~:~;;~~:~tl~~~~:::·: .. :.-.. :. ~~5 :::::.::::~:: ::·:·::::;~: :::::::::~:/:::::::;;:: :::::::::;~: ::: .. :::-:.:: ... ~ ....... :,! ~ ii 

89 

90 

91 

92 

93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

T~tal all other countries.................... 599 • 86 18 -;&3. 472 1 1, 557 45, 131 I 554 1 ·135 1, 238 

RECAPITULATION. 

1 Europe ........................ ............................ .. 2 Asia. ......................................................... .. 3 Africa ..................................................... . 4 America .................................................. .. 5 Islands of the Atlantic ............................ .. 6

1 

Islands of the Pacific ................................ . 

7 All other countries ................................... :

1 

_______ 1 ___ , ____ 1 _______ 1 ______ !

1 

______ 1 ________ 1 ___ _:_ ___ !------

Aggregate aliens b ............................ .. 

49,013 ,~,~ I 109,301 146,315 

... ~:.-~1 218,025 28?.~} "'·""I 57.384 

369,510 362,484 11 6 11 8 .. .......... : .. :::::::::::::::::: 2 4 6 14 4 1 10 3 3 2,854 3,740 5,035 5,525 7,989 8,904 13, 730 2, 038 9, 703 7,695 8 24 7 18 24 20 48 180 .................. 113 182 5 

·~:~.-~- -~:·:·1 1 .,..: r~:= ~ 17 .................. 

.. :;~~=· ·~:=·1 599 86 583 45,131 554 

------- 52,496 78,615 234,968 310,004 59,976 

a Not stated. bit has been es~imated that about 98 per cent. of the total aliens arrived were immigrants. 

89 

90 

91 

92 

93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

Number and nationalities of aUen passengers arrived in the Un·ited States durinq each year from 1820 to 1867, and of immigrants only f,;om 1868 to 1886-Continued. · 

Countries. 1853. 1854. :855~ ~~~ 1859. -~~~_I~ 18G2. 

1 England......................................................................... 28, 867 48,901 38, 871 25, 904 27, 804 14, 638 13, 826 ] 3, 001 8, 970 10, 9-17 

: ~!f~~~·:::::·.':·:::·::·:·:·:·::::::.::_:::.:.:.::.:.:_:.:_:·:·::.:.:.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 16~: ~ 10!: ~ 4~J~i 1: ~~ 5!: ~i~ 2~: Hg ~~: li~ 4~: ~~ 23, ~* 23, ~i 5 Great Britain, not specified............................................ 2, 481 4, 325 2, 250 14, 331 25,724 12,056 9, 712 14, 513 9, 477 12,499 

Total British Isles ............... .................................. : 

==========~ 

200, 225 160, 253 97,199 -99, 007. 112,840 ----;5, 829 61, 379 78, 374 I 43,472 -47, 990 

== 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 Austria. ... ... ...... .. ............ .... ...... ... .. ............. ........ .... .. ....... .. .. ........... .. .... .. .. ..... .... . .. .. .. .. .. ............... .. .. ..... .. .... . .. .. .. .. ... .. . .. . .. .... .. .. .. . .. .. .... .. . .. . 49 9 t 6 

~ ~~~~:k::::::::.::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ... ::::·.:::::::::::::::::·.::::::::::: ~ ~~ '~ 'i~~ 1,8~ k~ 4~g 5~~ ~~ 1,~9 ~ 9 France ............................................................................ 10,770 13, 317 6,044 7,246 2,397 3,155 2,579 3,961 2,326 3,142 9 10 Germany ........................................................................ 141,946 215,009 71,918 171,028 91,781 45,310 41,784 54,491 31,661 27,5~9 ]0 11' Gibraltar ...... ......... ...... .. .... ... .. .... ...... ...... ... ... .. ... ..... .... . .. .. .. ..... .. . .. . . .. .. .... ..... .. ............. . .. ...... . .. . . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. ... .. . .. ...... . .. .. . ... ..... .. . .. .. ... .... .. . . .. .. ... . ... . .. .... .. . .. .. .... 11 

~~ ji~e::~;;::::::::.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.':."::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: .......... ~~ .............. ~ .. ::::::::::::::: ............ ~ .............. ~ .. ::::::::::::::: ............ ~ .............. ~ .. ~ ~ 1~ i~ 14 Italy (continental} ....... :.................... ............................... 267 984 1,(2~ 962 G32 889 764 77Q 7641 511 14 15 Italy (msular): SardmH\..... ............................................ 232 219 <> 380 343 257 159 185 47 25 15 16 Sicily ........................... :......................... 56 60 23 23 32 94 9 64 .............................. 16 

Islands of the Mediterranean: · 17 Corsica ............................ .................................. ......... ............... .......... ..... ...... ... ...... ... ...... ...... ............... ...... ... ...... ............... ............ ... ... ............ ............ ... 17 ]8 Crete ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18 

~~ N ~~al~ .. d ...................................................................... : ........ 6oo·· 1 53~ """2,'588" ....... 1','395" """1,'775' 1~ ......... 290· 35i ~ 432 ~ 

~ §\~~i£i.~:::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::} 3,364 3:531 821 { ~~~ } 1,712 2,430 1,091 298 { ~ 8~~ ~~ 23 Portugal.......................................................................... 95 72 205 128 92 177 46 122 47 72 23 24 Roumania ................................... ... .. ................ ...... ..... ............... ...... ......... ............ ... ...... .... .... ...... ..... ... ............... ............... ............ ... ............... ............... 24 25 Russia ....................... .................... :................................. 3 2 13 9 25 246 91 · 65 33 79 25 26 Finland....................................................................... ...... ......... ............... ...... ...... ... ... .. ...... ... ...... ......... ... ...... ...... ............... .......... ..... 1 26 Z7 Poland......................................................................... 33 208 462 20 124 · 9 106 82 48 63 27 
1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 661 

Number and nationalities of al·ien passengers arrived in the United States during eaclt year from 1820 to 1867, and of immigrants only from 1868 to 

1886-Continued. 

Countries. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 

------------------------

1,091 1,433 951 786 714 1,282 1,283 932 448 348 28 2, 748 7,953 4,433 1,780 2,080 1,056 833 • 913 1, Off! 643 29 28 Spain ........................................................................ -. .. 29 Switzerland ............................. .' .................. ......... : ......... . 30 Turkey in Europe ......................................................... .. 15 7 9 5 11 17 10 1 5 11 30 --------------------------------------- Total Europe, not British Isles....... •• ..................... 161, 351 245, 289 90,530 87, (176 103,384 55, 525 . 49,570 62, 832 37,728 35,720 

===-=:==~===========~ 

Total Europe........................................................... 361, 576 405,542 1~ 729 186, 083 216, 224 111, 354 110, 949 141, 206 · 81, 200 83,710 

31 Arabia ........ ........................................................................................................................................ _.,..... ... ...... ...... ......... ...... ............ ... 2 2 31 32 Armenia.......................................................................... ......... ...... ............... ... ......... ... ...... ... ... ... ............... ............... ... ...... ...... ............... ... ............ ............... 32 33 Burmah .............................. , ....... ; ................................................................................................ , .......................................... , ............................................ 33 34 China ................................................ :............................ 42 13, 100 3, 526 4, 733 5~944 5, 128 3, 457 5, 467 7, 518 3, 633 34 35 India................................................................................. 5 ............... 6 13 ] 5 2 5 6 5 35 36 Japan............................................................................................. ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... 1 ............... 36 

: Far!~:~~~~~bi~:~~::::::::::::::.::_:::::::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::: ~~ ::::::::::~:. ::::::::::::i:: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :: :::: :: ::::~:: ............ ~. ::::::::::::~: ::::::::::::::: H 

Total Asia ................................. .' ............................. . 47 13,100 3,540 4, 747 5,945 5,133 3,461 5,479 7,526 9,638 

40 Algeria. ........................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... 40 41 Egypt........................................ . .. ................ ...... ...... ...... .. ............. .. .......... ... ...... ......... 1 ......... ...... 2 2 ............... ...... ......... ............... 41 42 Liberia....................................... .. ......... ............ ............. ......... ...... ......... ...... ............... . .. ............ 2 .4 1 12 6 ...... ... ...... 42 43 ~orocco .............................. : ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 43 44 South Africa.................................................................... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... 13 8 ............... 44 45 Africa, notspecified.............................. ........................... 8 ............... 14 5 23 11 8 101 33 12 45 

--------l--------l--------:-------·1--------l-------l·-------l--------------------- Total Africa ............................................................ . 8 ............ .. . 14 6 25 17 11 126 47 12 

46 Quebec and Ontario.................................................. ...... a::l ~aa)) (aal a~1 (aa~ (~a~)) aa) aaa~ 434 1,017 46 47 Manitoba........................................................................ ( ( ) 

48 Nova. Scotia...................................................................... a! la (a i al 47 """i:'48i' ...... i:'887" 48 

49 New Brunswick.............................................................. a a aa) (a) a a al 18 26 49 

50 Prince Edwa1·d J;sland.......... ........................................... · (a a ) {a) (a a a 11 50 50 51 British Columbia:........................................................... a) (a a) a) a) (a) a a .............................. 51 52 Newfoundland and Labrador......................................... a) (a a) a) a) (a) a a 33 213 52 

53 British North American provinces, not specified ................................................................................................................................... . 86 82 53 

TotalBritishNorthAmericauprovinces· ................ 5,424 6,891 7,761 6,493 5,670 4,603 4,163 4,514 2,069 3,275 

=======l========i========i=======ol========i=======l:=======l========l=======:l======== 54 Mexico............................................................................. 162 446 420 741 133 429 265 229 218 142 54 

56 Costa Rica...................................................................... a) a (a) a a a a a) 2 ......... :..... 56 55 British Honduras ........................... .................. .............. {a) 1a~ (a) ~a} 1aj {a~ {a~ {a) 7 ... ... ......... 55 

57 Guatemala..................................................................... a) a (a) a a a a a) ........... 1

.'

2 

............. 2 

.. 

7 

... 5

58

7 58 Central America, not specified ................................................................................. , ........................................................................... .. 

Total Central America ......................... : ............................... .. 1 303 2 11 4 8 21 27 

59 Argentine Republic........... ............................................. (a~ ~~~ (a) a) ~~~a~ a) (a) a 3 ............... 59 

~ ~t~~.::::::_:;~::;_:_:::;; _:::_:;_::_:_: :::_::_:::::~:::::::::::~::::.:::::.::.:::.:.:::::::~::::~ ~~ !:li ~~~ ~~l 1 r (!(;l ~ 9 1 60 8 2 61 ............................... 

64 Peru............................................................................... ~a~ ~a la~ a ~a a a~ a 65 United States of Colombia.......................... .................. a a a) a a (a a (a ............................ .. 66 Venezuela .. .................................................... :..... ....... a a a) a a (a a (a) 11 ............. .. 

12 6 13 5 

67 South America., not specified ... ... ..................... ...... ........ ...... ......... ............... .. ............. ............... ...... ... ...... ......... ...... ......... ...... ............... . 41 132 

Total South America ............................. ................ .. 38 136 191 184 83 131 155 208 146 

RECAPITULATION. 

62 

63 

64 

65 

66 

67 

------------------------~----------------~--------------~----~------.-----~~----~------.---~~~----~------.--

1 Europe........................................................................... 361, 576 405, 542 187,729 186,083 216,224 111,354 110, 949 141, 206 81, 200 83,710 

~ ~:f~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4z 13,100 3,5t~ 4,74~ 5,~ 5,1~ 3,4~i 5,t~~ 7,5~~ . 3,~ 

: ts~~~~r .. ihe.Ati~~ti~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·.:::::·.::::::::: ::: 6

' ~~~ ...... ~· 9' ifi 9' gs~ 6' ~~~ 5' To~ 5' !rs 6' ~ z, ~~ 4

' i~~ 6 Islands of the Pacific...................................................... ............... 31 12 10 12 36 48 9 2t 34 7 All other countries.................. ...................................... 720 356 145 172 21,610 462 929 154 74 255 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

.Aggregate aliens b .. _. ..................................... .. ... .. 368,645 1 427,833 200,877 , 200,436 251,306 1 123,12G 121,282 1 153,640 ~ 91,985 8 

8 LessaliensnotintendingtoresideinU~itedStates .................... , .............................. , 4,179 S,937 3,371 2,459 1 3,181 2,098 2,819 9 

9 Less died on the voyage ................................. · .............. ............. . 1 ... :........... ............... 400 424 254 207 222 98 161 

Total immigrants ........................... , ..................... ==-:=r=~== ===1195,857 -246,9451i9,5olli8,616 ~ ~ 89,005 ------ a Not stated. bIt has been estimated that about 98 per cent. of the total aliens arrived were immigrants. 

Ntmtber and nationalities of alien passengers arrived in the United States dw·ing each year from 1820 to 1867, and of immigrants only frOJn 1868 to 

1886-Continued. 

l----------::-c_o_u_.~_1Lr-ie_s_. ___________ 1_1_863_. __ ~~~~~~~ ~ 1872. 

England.......................................................................... 24, 065 26, 096 15, 038 3, 559 36, 972 11, 107 55, 046 59, 488 61, 174 72, 810 1 2 Ireland........................................................................... 55, 916 63, 523 29,772 36,690 72,879 42,747 51, 290 56, 62-8 61, 463 69,761 2 

3 Scot.land .. :........................................................... ............ 1,940 3,476 3,037 1,038 7,582 1,949 12,415 11,820 12,13-3 14,565 3 

4 Wales........................................................................... 705 628 146 23 143 103 1,225 672 1,348 755 4 5 Great Britain, not specified............................................ 40,172 23,228 64,244 90,304 7, 944 51,677 27, 74{) 22,481 7, 817 14 5 

Total British Isles................................................... 122,798 I 116,951 112,237 I 131, rul 125,520 I 107,583 147,716 I 151,089 I 14.3, 937 I 157 905 

~ ~~::r~·.:::::::::::·.-.:::::::::::.-.-.-.-.-:::::::::::.-.-.-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3gr I k~ =- ~~ I 1.~ I ~~ I 1.~~~ I i}~ I ~:5~-1 4·i~ I 5.~ ? 8 Denma1·k ...... ................................. ................................. 1, 492 712 1,149 1, 862 1, 436 2, 019 4, 282 3, 041 2, '846 3, 758 8 !> France............................................................................. .1, 838 3,128 3, 583 G, 855 5, 237 3, 936 4, 118 3, 586 5, 780 13,782 9 
662 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 24, 

Numbe-r and nationalities of alien passengers arrived in, tlte United Stales during each year j1·om 1820 to 1867, and of immigrants only jr01n 1868 to 

1886-Continued. 

Co=Ui~ , 1863. 1864. 1865. lB66. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1810. 1871. 1812. 

10 Germany ........................................................ ~ ............... 33,162 57,276 83,424 115,892 133.J..426 123,~70 124,788 91,779 107,201 155,595 10 11 Gibraltar .......................................................................................................... :....... .. . .. . ... .. . .. ... . . .. .......... .. .. ...... .... ... .. .... .. ....... 1 4 3 11 12 Greece............................................................................. 4 5 7 10 10 8 17 15 10 18 12 13 Hungary ............................. ;........................................... 28 .40 322 45 25 8 ............... 1 ll9 l, 032 13 l4 Italy (continental).......................................................... 537 597 919 1,287 1,612 1,4.02 2,182 2,940 2,927 7,239 14 

~~ Italy (insular): ~fci~~~:::::::::::::::::.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.':.:·:::.:::·.:·.::::::::: ~ ........... 3· ............ 5 ............ % .. ""':'"'li' ............ 4. ::::::::.'.'.'.'.'.'.' ::::::::::::::: J 8~ i~ Islands of t.he Mediterranean : · 17 Corsica..................................................................... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... 3 .............................. 17 18 Crete ............................................................... .............................................................................. ................................................... ............................. 18 19 Malta....... ........... .... .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. ..... .. . .. .. . ... ..... ..... .. ..... .. .. . ..... .. . .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. . 2 3 .. .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . . . 8 1 19 20 N ethm·Jands..... ........... ..... .. ... ......... ... .. . .. ..... ..... ......... ... ... 416 708 779 1. 716 2, 223 652 1, 360 · 97o · 1, 122 2, 006 20 21 Norway........................................................................... 227 70 3,258 7,849 1,739 6,461 17,718 12,356 11,307 10,348 21 22 Sweden........................................................................... 1, 400 2,179 2, 851 4, 784 5, 3IG 13,958 24,115 . 12, 009 ll, 659 14,645 22 

~ ~~~~~~~.: ::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::::: .......... ~ .......... ~ .. :-: ...... ~.~ ........... ~ .......... ~~ .. ......... ~:~ .......... ~~ ........... ~~ ............ ~~ .......... ~? .. ~ 

27 ~ Rus~~~~·ci: p 1 d ·.:::::: ::: .::::::::: ::::::: ·::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :: :: :::::::: ..... : .... ~ 94 ........... ~~~-· 165 528 18~ ..... ;:"412' '1S7 ......... iio' 205 ......... 2-is' 204 ... ....... 580 87' ......... 

766 424' 1)~ 83? 2 1,3~I 606 ~ z- 28 Spain~.~~ .. :::::~::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: 500 917 692 718 904 816 1,112 511 61S , 558 2~ 29 Switzerland............................. .............. ...... ............ ...... 690 1, 396 2, 889 3, 823 4,168 3, 261 3, 488 2, 474 2, 824 4, 031 29 SO Turkey in Europe...................................... .................... 16 11 14 18 26 13 10 13 21 34 30 

Total Europe, not British Isles .... ........................... '40,935r68,28 10I:8il 1A7.302 l58,231f158,~ 187,648 ~ 152,817 223,'554 

Tol:ll Europe........................................................... 163,73.3 I 185,233 214,048 I 278,916 I 283,751 I 265,853 ~ 283, 591 296, 75-i 381,459 

31 Arabia.................... . .. .. . ...... ..... .. . .. .. .. .. . .. ... .. . . . .. . .. . .. .. .. .... . .. ............. 1 .. . .. . . . .. .. . .. . .. . ... .. . . . . . . 28 . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . 1 . . . . . .. .. .. .... 1 31 32 A.rmenia_........................ ................................................ ............... ............... ............... ......... ...... . . . ...... ...... ......... ...... ... ............ ............... .. . ...... ...... ... ............ 32 33 Bonnah............ ............ ... .. .... .. . .. ... . ... . .. . ... .. ...... .. .. .. ......... . .. ...... .. . . . . . . . . ...... ... . . ... .. .... . ... .. . . ...... . ... .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . .. .. . ... . .. . . . . . . . .. .... . .. .. . ....... .. . ... .. .. ....... ... ... 6 33 34

35 

China..................... ......................................... ................ 7, 214 2, 975 2, 942 2, 385 3, 863 10, 684 14, 902 11, 94~ · 6, 030 10,642 34 India....... ........................................................................ 6 5 17 2 1 2 32 13 10 35 36 Japan .......... ".................................................................. ....... ........ ......... ...... ............... 7 67 14 96 74 25 15 36 37 Persia......... . . . . .. . . .. . .... .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. .. .... .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . ... .. . 1 . . ... . .. .. .... . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . .. . .... . . .. . . . 1 . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . . 4 . . .. .. . .. .. . .. . . .. .. ... .. .. .. . 37 38 Syria............................................................................... ..... . .. ....... . .............. ... .... .. . .. .. . 2 . .. ...... .. .... 2 ... .. ... ....... . .. .. .. .. ... . . . · 2 3 38 39 Asia, not specified........................................................... ............... ......... ...... ......... ...... ............... .. ....... ...... . ........ ...... ......... ...... 4 1 11 39 

Total A.sia ............ ........................................ ...... ...... 7, 216 2, 982 2, 9~7 ----;,ill --3-, 9fi110,7011:5,0{i0 12,058 ~ 10,688 

~ ff~fiLEHTT/iTEE~··::.··:·::::::::::::::~:::::::._:·: •:::::.::::I· ~:::::::::J: :••••::::~~· ::.:::.:r ::; :.:. :_ ::::.: : ~ ::::::::: J :::::::: T ......... l 11 ~ 45 Africa, not specified ... ...... ......... .......... ...................... .... . 2 16 37 29 25 11 19 12 2 10 45 

Tot:UMrica.-....................... ........................ ........... 3 37 49 j 33 25 63 31 24 - ZJ 40 

46 Q.uebecand Ontario ............ ~...... ................................... 252 150 17,427 2-1,982 18,965 (a) (a~ (a) 19,509 33,103 46 47 1\Ianitoba ................................... ,........................ ........... ............... ............... ............... ............... .............. (a) (a (a) 47 

48 Nova.Scotia.................................... ..... ........................... 2,724 2,719 3,091 1, 282 2,171 ~a~ (a la) ""1i','396' """'4,'943· 48 49 New Brunswick .............................................................. 55 ll2 81 14 46 a (a) a) 5, 771 668 49 

50 Prince Edward Island ........ ,............................................ 81 197 432 f5l 289 a (a~ a) } 2, 863 f 296

789 50 51 British Columbia ........................................................................... ....................... :.................................... a) (a a) l 51 52 Newfoundland and Lab.ra.dor.............. ............................ 198 268 308 84 203 a) (a a) 369 489 52 53 British North American provinces, not specified............ 150 190 247 5, 701 1, 704 .. ............. ............... ............... 21 ............... 53 

Total British North American provinces ..... : ............ ~ s:636f21,586~ -;3,m ~ ~ ~ 39,929 40,288 

54 1\Ie;xico ........................................................................... ___ ._96_1 ___ 99_1 193 \ 239 I 292 275 371 461 -oo 604 54 

55 British Honduras ........................................................... 3 .............. -1 ............... ! 1 I la~ (a~ ~a~ (a) ! ... :: .......... ~ 55 56 Costa Rica ...................................................................... 1 ............................................................ 1 a (a t~ (a) .............................. 56 

~ g::{:~~~~~·i~~;·~~t,'~p~~ifi~d:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ............. i . ............ ~. ::::::::::::::: ............ 3. a 4 (a 3 a 8 (a) 25 .......... ].()' .......... 1.3' ~~ 

Total Central.A~erica.............................................. 2 ---2-===--- --4 ---3-----8----2-5----1-0----13 

59 .Argentine Republic......................................................... .. . .. ....... ... ... .. .. . ....... ... ......... ... 4 .. ........ ... . . . .. ..... ... ... . ............... 3 23 5 59 60 Brazil.............................................................................. ............... ............... ............... 1 3 8 18 14 17 27 60 61 Chili................................................................................ 1 1 12 ... ... . .. ..... . ... ............ 1 1 4 7 6 61 62 Ecuador.. .................................................................................................................................... ................ .............. .............................. 1 1 62 

~ ~~:~~~::::::::::::::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.~·:::::::::: ............. l ............ l. ::::::::::::::: ~ ~ ~ ............ :.. ~ Ps i~ ~ 65 United States of Colombia............................................................. 1 ............... ............... ............... .............. . 1 8 1 34 65 66

67 

Venezuela. ..................... _.

6 

.... ,... ...... .... ..... ... ...... ...... ......... ... ............ 9 4 .......... ..... 7 5 2 9 25 8 South America, not speCI ea......................................... 89 140 132 273 199 li6 35 29 6 5 1 

Total South America. ............................................... ---:M-~-1AS-zM~~--,w ---8-4-,--1-10--123--

Total.A.merica. ........................................................ ~(4,~1 22,778 1 33,582 I 24,715 1 12,175 \ 34,375 1 55,019 1 41,770 42,329 1 

: ~~~~~d'~:::::::::::::·.·.:·:.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ......... ~~ .. 1 ~ I ~~ I 34~ I 3~ 1 ......... ~~· ·1 = 4J~ I 5~ 1-i~ 1, 1ig I ~ 85 Canary Islands............................................................... ............... 1 ............... ............... 1 .............................. 

1

............... ............... • 5 85 86 Cape VerdE'._.................................................................... .............. ............ ... ... ...... ...... 1 40 ............... ............... 1 3 6 86 

a Not stated. 
1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 663 

Number and nationalities of alien passengers arrived in tlte United States during each year from 1820 to 1867, and of immigrants only from 1868 to 

1886-Continued. 

Countries, 1863. 1864. 1865. .1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. I 1870. 1871. 1872. 

87 1\ladeir~.. ... ................. ............................... .................... ............... ............... 2 ---12-----13- ············3··· ........ .... ...... ·.·.·.·.·.·· '! ......... ·-;;· -2~ ~2~ 8788 

88 St. Helena..................................... ...... ........................... ............... 2 4 1 "' v 

TotaUshnda ofthe Atlantic................................... Z!1 400[ 553 358 39J.l 432 1 573 9161 1,168 

~ ~~nil~~-~~i·~·~·.-.:::::::·:. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: g ............ 5.. ~ .......... ~~ .............. ~ .............. ~ ............ ~ .............. ~.. 1,~~ 1,~~ : 

!i i~~~~~~~~~~ .. ~~i .. ~i~~i~~~::::::::::::::::::::: ::::: :::::::::~:::::: ::::::~~::::::: ::::::::::::~:: ::::::::::::~:: ........... l. ::::::::::::::: :::::::::::~::: ::::::::::::::: .......... ~~- _i .......... ~~ : 

Totalislands of the Pacific ..................................... 29 6 73 14 1 1 33 23 1, 2-88 1, 913 

~ g~~~!-i:Sd~~1e~f:~d~.~-~~~-~-~-~~:~~~~.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.':.'.'.'.''.'.'.'.' ......... 927· ......... 86" ...... 7.,'67i" ...... 3,'254' ...... 2','iiii" .......... 4i" .......... 32· ............ 9 ............ 37 ........... 20. ~ 96 Born at sea..................................................................... ...... ......... 1 1 ............... 1 1 ............... · 6 77 . 133 96 VI Picked up at sea............................................................ ............ ... ......... ...... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ...... ............... ...... .. ....... 97 ---------------------------------------- Total all other countries ....... ................................ 927 87 7, 672 3, 254 2, 878 "-42 32 15 114 153 

RECAPITULATION. 

1 Europe ............................................................. ~....... ...... 163, 733 185,233 214,048 278,916 283,751 265 853 335 364 288,591 296, 754 381, 459 1 2 Asia................................................................................ 7,216 2,982 2,947 2,411 3,961 10;701 15;000 12,058 6,071 10,688 2 3 Africa .................. ::'. .. ..... ............ ..... ..... ...... ......... ............ 3 37 49 33 25 63 31 24 25 40 3 4 America ...... ...... ............................................................. 4,147 4, 607 22,778 33,582 24,715 12, 175 34,375 55, 019 41,770 42, 329 4 

5 Islands of the Atlantic ................................................... 227 466 553 358 391 310 452 573 916 1, 168 5 

6 Islands ofthe Pacific...................................................... 29 6 73 14 1 1 33 23 1, 288 1, 913 6 7 All other countries......................................................... 9'1:1 87 7, 672 3, 254 2, 878 42 32 15 114 153 7 

.Aggregate aliens................................................. ..... 176,282 193,4181 248,120 318,568 J 315,722 ......................................................................... .. 

8 Less a~iens not intending to reside in the United States -zll ~ 3,6.31 ==~··· ..... 1====== 8 

9 Lesa;~:o,::;;::.:::::: :::::::::::::·:::::::::::::::::: ::::::: fl..i.~rm.~~~~~ ··;.·;;;· ~~iii~ 9 

Nttrnber and nationalitie.~ of immigmnts arrit·ed in tlle United States during each year ending December 31, from 1873 to 1886, inclusi1:e. _ 

Countries. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. ~~~~~~ 1884. 1885. ~~ 

1 Eng· land .... .............. ..... .. ...... 69, 600 43, 396 30, 040 21, 051 18, 122 19, 581 40, 997 64, 190 76, 547 70, 893 61,432 53, 270 44,710 58, 422 1 2 Ireland................................. 75,848 47,688 20;959 16,506 13,791 17,113 27,651 84,799 70,909 72,937 83,654 58,589 49,793 52,912 2 3 Scotland............................... 13,008 8, 765 5, 739 4, 383 3, 408 3, 700 8, 728 14, 495 16. 451 15, 957 10, 839 8, 791 10,174 13, 916 3 4 'Vales .. . . . .. .... .. ..... ..... ... ... ...... 868 558 419 294 232 311 1, 046 948 1, 316 1, 633 1, 430 1, 011 931 1, 343 4 5 Great Britain, not specified.. 31 15 12 9 1 · 1 2 6 7 8 6 95 2 8 5 

Total British Isles......... 159, 355 1100, 422 66,179 42, 243 I 35,554 40,706 1s~ 424 164,438 165,230 161, 428 157,361 121,756 105, 610 125,601 ---======= ===== 6 .Austria ...... . ..... ............... ...... 6, 943 6, 891 6, 039 6, 047 4, 376 4, 881 6, 259 18,252 21, 437 18, 315 17,928 20,688 16,456 22,006 6 7 Belgium................................ l. 30~ 705 623 454 367 454 758 1, 484 1, 939 1, 129 1, 673 I, 722 1, 363 1, 641 7 8 . Denmark.............................. 5,095 3,188 1,951 1,624 1,617 2,688 3,532 8,778 8,951 12,769 9,747 7,633 5,870 6,634 8 9 France................................... 10,813 8, 741 R, 607 6, 723 5, 127 4, 668 4, 121 4, 939 . 5, 653 5, 560 4, 016 3, 690 3,138 4, 085 9 10 Germany ........................... : ... 133,141 56,927 36,565 31,323 27,417 31,958 43,531 134,040 249,572 232,269 184,389 155,529 107,668 86,301 10 11 Gibraltar ...... ............... ......... 8 5 4 15 1 2 17 4 4 7 7 11 11 12 Greece..... .............................. 37 20 27 24 18 13 23 22 17 177 25 56 171 106 12 13 Hungary ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....... 892 852 747 475 540 632 1, 518 6, 658 6, 756 11, 602 12, 308 10, 70S 9, lSi. 18, 110 13 14 Italy (continental) ............... 7, 473 5, 787 3, 315 2, 862 3, 610 5,163 9, 027 12,756 20,101 29, &t9 29,512 14,441 15,480 30,472 14 15 Italy (insular): Sardinia...... .............. 8 1 1 75 15 16 Sicily............ 34 72 29 116 48 ........ 228 .......... 14' ......... 25 ............ 2.. 13 ......... 2~· ......... 52· ........... 5 .......... 93· 16 

Islands of the Mediterra- nean: 17 Corsica............................. .............. · 1 1 1 .. ............ .............. 1 1 .............. .............. 2 ............................ 17 ig ~:{~:::::::::::::::: :::::::::.:::: ............ 4 .......... ]_(;' ........... 5 ............ 2 ............ 7 ............ !. ~ ........... i ...... ; ...... 4 ........................................ 4 . ........... 8 ............. i .. ig 20 Netherlands.......................... 4,640 1;532 1,073 709 572 652 1,199 3,730 10,812 .... 7:'880" .... :(926" 3,731 2,499 2,667 20 

21 Norway ................................. 18,107 6,581 4,465 6,031 4,333 5,216 9,488 23,054 26,967 27,197 21,295 13,906 11,692 ' 13,859 21 22 Sweden................................. 11,351 4, 336 6, 031 5, 204 4, 774 6,176 16,659 46,723 55,892 60,413 32,596 24,017 21,508 32.222 22 

23 PortugaL............................. 34 52 1, 212 816 552 648 576 161 59 89 650 186 593 71 23 24 Roumania ... .............. ............ .............. .............. .............. ... ..... .. ... .............. .............. .............. 15 55 81 116 781 301 2, 204 24 25 Russi:J, .............. ...... ............... 3, 490 7, 447 4, 369 6, 787 3, 370 4, 216 3, 784 5, 278 8,193 17,497 6, 907 15, 122 16,517 25, 980 25 26 Finland............................ 113 4 23 21 8 22 19 247 320 708 1,107 407 434 840 26 27 Poland............................. 2, 863 1, 449 707 854 320 554 876 2, 488 6, 283 4, 246 2, 151 4, 369 3, 101 6, 396 27 

28 Spain . .. .. .... ......... ... .. ....... ..... 486 571 l 529 597 1 542 432 534 420 405 3?...8 245 334 319 452 28 29 Switzerl~d;...... . ................... 3, 223 2, 436 1, 6;fi 1, 572 1, 61~ 2, 05~ 3, 834 8, 498 11,628 11, 839 11,433 8, 215 5,126 4, 518 129 30 Turkey m Europe........... ...... 78 21 36 46 25 23 34 62 50 118 80 187 155 178 30 

Total Europe, not Brit- ------ ---- --------------- ------------------

ish Isles.......... .. ......... 210, 131 107, 637 77,999 72, 305 59,237 70,676 105,787 I 277,658 435, 101 I 441, 658 34J, 136 285, 8.'50 221,592 258,847 

Total Europe.................. 369,486 208,059 M4,178 114,548 I 94,791 111,382 184,211 I 442,096 600,331 603,086 498,497 407,606 327,202 385,448 

==============l====l=====l==== 31 Arabia ................. :............................... .............. .............. 13 .............. 1 1 8 4 12 6 69 28 7 31 32 Armenia................................ 2 ............. . 4 1 1 ............. .............. 16 10 5 30 27 13 59 32 33 Burmah................................. .............. .... ......... ........... .. 9 2 33 34 china.................................... 18, 154 16,651 19, oo3 16, 8i9 ... io;·379· .... 8;468. 9,189 .... 7 ;oii .... 2o;71i ..... 35;·6·i4· ........ 381 ........... 84 .......... iii ............ 8.. 34 

35 India..................................... 22 15 15 22 17 9 15 39 14 12 5 30 25 14 35 36 Japan.................................... 25 4 3 6 4· 1 7 7 8 3 38 39 154 168 36 37 Persia.................................... 7 1 2 2 1 ... ..... ... .. . ........... ... 2 2 1 3 4 37 

38 Syria...................................... 1 1 · 1 10 39 ... ........ ... 9 ... ........ ... ... ........ ... ... ... ........ ........... ... ........... ... 44 38 39 Asia, not specified.................. 10 32 30 113 5 1 4 6 26 10 82 59 23 23 39 

TotalAsia. ...................... 18,221 16,704 19,088 17,055 1 10,4oi----s:518 . 9,218 1 7,098 20,775 35,657 ~~-ru-ao:i---a23 

40 Alge1:ia .................................. ---3--- 2 --2---9-~ 11 1 21.............. 51 14 .............. ].............. 2 3 40 41 Egypt.................................... 4 8 3 3 :.. .. ......... 1 3 .. ... ......... 4 41 3 8 !l 35 41 42 Liberia......... ... ...... ............... .............. 1 19 14 .............. .............. .............. 1 7 2 .............. .............. 7 1 42 43 Morocco........... ..................... .............. 3 ......... _..... .............. .............. 2 .............. 1 3 .............. .............. .............. 4 2 43 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE. JANUARY 24, 

Number and nationalities of immigrants arrived in the United States during each yea1· ending December 31, from 1873 to 1886, inclusi1Je-Continued. 

Countries. 1873. 11874. 1875. 1876. 1877. .1878. 1 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884~ 1885. 1&6. 

~~ t~i~~~:ci~:~~ili·~d::::::::::::::: -~-~---*-----~- ·········17· ···········5· 1!J ---~-~ J ........... 6. ~ J ---;-!: 

Total Africa.............. ......... 13 22 3L 43 6 15 1 16 10 37 -70 9 30 ! 33 _ 52 

46 Quebec and Ontario.............. 22, 242 23, 744 18, 490 15, 545 15, 591 24, 533 40, 883 112, 712 76, 971 68, 141 54, 105 39,985 .............. .............. 46 47 Manitoba.................. ..... . ...... ........... ... .............. .. . ........... ............. ·····4,···iio.6 

... .... 3 •.. 282 . .... 6 •.. ,;~;,.. 446 1, 163 1, a98 1, 143 524 .............. .............. 47 48 Nova Scotia........................... 4, 453 3, 970 2, 555 3, 200 ~ 17,870 12,425 12,693 6, 435 5,103 ..................•......... 48 49 N e w Brunswick.................... 1,34.6 1,867 1,119 1,494 1,215 1,458 3,811 5,929 2, 0!l6 2,400 2,150 1,239 ............................ 49 50 Prince Edward Island........... 780 435 311 437 488 34.9 1,144 1, 722 1, 648 1, 528 644 291 ............................ 50 51 British Columbia.................. 282 446 839 484 553 372 812 782 611 427 2, 300 164 .............. .............. 51 52 Newfoundland and Labrn- . 52 dor..... ......... ...........•........ 405 134 106 58 68 108 162 300 274 322 173 182 292 ............. . -------------------------------------------- Total British North Amer- ican possessions...... ... .. 29, 588 30, 596 23, 420 21, 218 22, 121 30, 102 53, 267 139, 761 95, 188 86, 909 66, 950 47, 888 292 ............. . 

= ============ 53 Mexico.................................. 

============ 

473 442 682 532 478 473 550 437 244 532 4.11 381 ............................ 53 

= 54 British Honduras ....................... M...... 11 1 7 4 1 41 8 2 14. ••••••.••.•••. 4 4 54 

55 Costa Rica............................. . . . ........ ... .... .... ... .. . 3 1 1 .. . ..... ... ... ... ..... .. . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... .. . . ... ..... .. . . ..... .... ... . . . . .... ... ... . .. .... .... ... 55 56 Guatemala............................. .............. 1 1 1 3 .............. 4 .. . ........... 1 .. . ........... .. ............ .............. ..•....•...... .............. 56 ~7 Central America, not speci- fied............................. ...... 34 9 9 13 25 14 21 1 24 3 12 23 7 32 57 

Total Central America ...... 34 21 H 14 36 18 27 42 33 5 26 21 11 36 

-------------------------- - ---------------- 58 Argentine Republic ............... 9 1 7 6 4 2 5 1 9 3 4 12 2 58 59 Brazil .... ...... ~ ......................... 37 29 27 28 10 11 26 21 17 20 26 13 8 23 59 00 Chili. ...................................... I7 12 21 20 2 2 1 4 1 3 ................ 1 8 60 61 · Ecuador ......... ........................ .............. 2 2 ·············· 1 4 . ................. ................ 2 61 62 Guiana. .................................. 27 6 7 3 4 2 1 7 3 17 12 2 9 62 63 Peru ...................................... 8 17 10 11 19 17 8 1 4 5 1 ................ ............... ................ 63 64 United States of Colombia .... 35 23 22 20 21 7 23 27 22 5 9 4 9 369 64 65 Venezuela ............................. 23 20 34 37 I4 16 9 51 16 24 11 27 10 20 65 

66 South America, not specified .. 12 19 11 8 4 6 19 3 18 7 2 ................ ................ H 66 

Total South America. .. ....... . 168 129 139 - 135 78 61 90 119 85 88 67 50 51 436 

---------------------·· --------------------- 67 Antigua ..........................•...... 68 Bahamas .............. : ................ . 3 1 ........ 4.60" 1 .............. 2 5 12 3 11 13 67 82 435 559 248 289 361 297 415 424 311 69! 341 35 68 69 Barbadoes ............................. . 30 34 42 32 25 22 13 18 33 24 6 9 21 5 69 70 Cuba ..................................... . 71 Cura9oa ................................ . 1,089 1,147 899 880 614 494 838 1,406 418 773 987 1,341 1,991 2,961 70 

5 1 3 14 I 1 3 1 3 4 2 2 8 71 72 Guadelou-pe .......................... . 7 2 1 2 1 .............. 72 73 Hayti .............. ...................... . 74 .Jamaica. ......................•......... 16 27 2 10 21 4 24 35 ·············· 12 1 2 5 12 73 

30 28 32 23 . 41 34 17 21 53 22 6 !!3 18 67 74 75 1\lartinique ............................ . 76 Nevis .................................... . 77 Porto Rico ............................ . 78 St. Croix ................................ . 79 St. '.rhomas ............................ . 80 Trinidad ......................... ..... . 81 West Indies, not specified ..... . 

1 7 5 9 1 ................ ................. 1 ................ ................ ................. 75 

3 3 2 1 1 ·················· ............... 76 

28 21 32 17 5 13 10 37 20 12 12 28 9 17 77 47 22 12 4 17 11 7 17- 34 13 10 28 12 78 

1 5 15 9 18 5 7 2 2 ................ 1 •4 79 

3 4 4 4 7 6 2 5 6 2 2 1 i6 

629 14 20 13 26 30 24 37 33 77 87 29 290 713 81 

Total West Indies. ........... ... 1, 974 I, 749 1, 530 1, 568 1, 010 923 1, 312 1, 866 1, 009 1, 394 1, 438 2,138 2, 721 3, 825 

Tofal America ..................... ~=~:=~ =~~~~~:7z3~ ~~ 96,559 88:928 . · 68,892 50,480 3,075 4,307 

g2 Azores................................... 1, 397 1, 262 989 906 791 873 741 682 1 225 1, 457 1, 276 1, 755 823 1, 206 82 83 Bermudas.............................. 45 61 21 29 18 13 6 29 ' 40 61 19 55 28 8 83 

84 Canary Islands . . . ......... .. .... ... . . . ..... ... .... 16 2 2 3 3 2 1 . . . . . ... ... ... .......... ... . ...... .•.. .... . . . . .. . . ... ... 84 85 Cape Verdes.......................... 27 36 1 48 6 1 21 ·········15· 27 48 50 66 85 

86 Madeira . .. ...... .. . ........ ...... ... ... 3 1 7 2 . . . ........ ... 1 1 1 .. . ........ ... .. . ..... ...... .. . . .... ...... . . . ..... .. ... .. . . . .. . ... ... .. . .. ...... ... 86 

~ ~ttl!eli~~:~~~ci·~:·;;~·i~j;~-~ird:: :.:::.:::::::: ........... ~ ............ ~ ............. ~ .......... ... ~ .. :::::::·::.:::: ........... ~ .......... ""'~-· :::::::::::::: :::::::::::::: ......... 14:· ········ ···a· ···········9· ·········13.. ~ 

Total islands of the Atlant\<.>. 1, 472 1, 379 1, 021 989 813 896 751 716 1, 287 1, 533 1, 336 1, 861 910 1, 293 

-====-=======-==-~-=-=---=--=--=========-==-== 

89 Australia.............................. 863 90 Hawaiian Islands ................. 134 91 New Zealand........................ 10 92 Society Islands ... ... ... ... .. . . ..... 43 

93 Pacific islands, not specified .............. . 

1, 122 904 947 427 542 400 579 89 

2 ··········· ... 5 284 420 345 674 90 1 2 1 4 a 1 m 

~ ···········a·:::::::::::::: :::::::::::::: :::::::::::::: ·········14· ~~ 

~m m ~~ m ~ ~ 

210 133 20 ........ .... .. 1 2 3 5 4 2.............. 1 

2f ........... i". :::::::::::::: :::::::::::::: :::::::::::::: ::::::·:::.:::: .......... "i". 

Total islands of the Pacific.. 1, 050 1, 467 1, 080 1, 281 745 635 837 1,125 910 957 712 966 748 1, 268 

=-====-~=======--===============____:__==== 

94 Greenland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands..................... 4 182 11 30 1 168 252 348 31 36 251 9 29 147 94 

~ ~~~~~l~~!l~~-~.~~~~~.:::::::::::: 1~ 6f J ~ 16 1! 34 8i ....... 105" ......... 82" .. ·······n· ......... 83. ·········6o" ......... 49" : 

r.rJ Picked up at sea .. . .•.... ... ...... _________ ...... .. . .. ... ........ ... ... .. ...... .. ... . ... .. ......... ... ....... .. . . ... .. ... . .. .. . . . .. . ... ... . . . 3 10 .. . .. ... . ..... . . . . .... ... ... . . . .. ... ... ... . . . .•...... ... . . . ........ ... 97 ! ___________________________ ------

Total all other countries... 146 246 48 1 57 17 184 286 433 I . 146 118 3:!81 92 89 196 

RECAPITULATION. 

I Europe ................ .................. 369,486 208,059 144,178 114,548 9-!,791 111,382 184,211 442,096 600,331 603,086 498, ·197 407,606 327,202 385,448 1 

2 Asia ...................................... 18,22l 16,704 19,088 17,055 10,407 8,518 9,218 7,098 20,775 35,657 542 311 304 323 2 

3 Africa .................................... 13 22 31 43 6 15 16 10 37 70 9 30 33 52 3 

4 America ................................ 32,157 3Z, 937 2~. 78.5 23,467 23,723 31,577 55,246 142, 225 96,559" 88,928 68,892 50,480 3,075 4,307 4 

5 Islands of the Atlantic ......... 1,472 1,379 I, O?...J. 989 813 896 751 7LG 1,287 1,533 1.336 1,861 910 1,293 5 

6 Islands of the Pacific ............ 1, 050 1,467 1,080 1,281 745 635 837 1,125 ~llO 957 712 966 748 1,268 6 

7 All other countries ....•...•...... 146 246 48 57 17 184 286 433 146 118 328 92 89 196 7 

422, 545-1 260, 814 ~91, 231 1 157, 440 1~0, 502 1 153, 207 z5o, 565 1 593, 703 !"720. 045 

--------------- Total immigrants .............. 730,349 570, 316 461,346 332,361 302,887 

NOTE.-lmmigrants from the British North America.n possessions and Iexico have not been included since July 1, 1884. 
'I 

1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- · SENATE; 665. 

• Number and nationalities of immigrants ar1-ived in tl~e United States during 

the nine months ending September 30, 1887. DEFICIENCIES IN APPROPRIATIONS. 

Countries. 

Mr. HALE. I move that the Senate proceed to the consideration of 

the deficiency bill. 

immigrants. immigrants. ished business be ]aid aside informally, temporari1y, while we go on 

---------1----- with the appropriation bill. 

Number of I Countries. Number of Mr. BLAIR. I hope the Senator will be satisfied to let the unfinEngland........................... 63 988 Central America not Mr. HALE. I have no objection to that. 

Ireland.............................. 62:531:! specified ........... .' ........ :":F 31 The PRESIDENTpro tempore. The ·senate resumes the consideraScotland ......................... ··· 17, 471 1=====9 tion of the unfinished business, being the bill (S. 371) ·to aid in the 

~~~tri~ii~~;·:.;·~t'~p~~i:·· 1

'

387 ~;~:8~~~~-~~.:.~~~~:::::::: 1G establishment and temporary support of common schobls. It is profled ................................. 4 Chili............................... 2 posed to lay the bill aside informally for the consideration of the bill 

Total Great Britain and ----- Guiana .................. ···...... 7 referred to by the Senator from Maine. The Chair hears no objection 

Ireland............... ........ 145,388 ~~~d.-si~i·~~·~rc;;i;;~:- r- 1 to that course. 

Austria ............................. . bia.................. ............. 194 The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider the 

15,203 Venezuela ........... ·········· 33 bill (H. R. 4271) making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the 

g:~~ Soili~~~-~-~-~~~~-~~~-~:.~~ 1 appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1887, and for prior 2. 403 ---- years, and for other purposes. . 

Bohemia .......................... . Hungary .......................... . Belgium .......................... . 8, 091 Total South America.... 263 · Mr. HALE. I ask unanimous consent that the formal reading of 

S:;~~~ Antigua........................... 3 the bill be dispensed with, and that it be read for amendment, considDenmark ..•....................... France ....... : ..................... . 

3 Bahamas........................ 25~ ering first the amendments proposed by-the Committee on .Appt~pria378 Barba does .. ···················· tions as they are reached in the reading. · 

Germany .......................... . Gibraltar .......................... . Greece ............................ .. 38·~1 g~:c;:~~:::::·:::::::::::::::::::· ~ The PRESIDENT pro tempore., That order will be followed, if there 2 Hayti.............................. 20 be no o~jection. 

Italy ..........•......... : ........... . Sicily ............................•.... Malta ............................... . 

~· ~~ ~~~~iC:i·;;;· ::::::::::::::::::::: M Mr. HALE. .In starting out I only wish to say that this is the old '102 st. Croix......................... 16 deficiency bill that failed of passage at the close of the ]ast session of 

Netherlands .................... . Norway ............................ . 

409 St. Thomas. .................... 3 the last Congress, owing to its being sent so late to this body that it 

19,052 Trinidad........................ 6 was impossible to consider it and to pass it, and secure its perfection 

Portugal .......................... . Roumania ....................... . Russia .............................. . I 866 West Indies, not speci- 3;855 fied............................. 721 l1efore the ·expiration of the Congress. This bill has been made up, in 320. ---- the other branch of Congress, mainly upon the basis of the items of the 

Finland ............................ . Poland ............................. . 

42,768 TotalWestindics ...... ~ 3,468 bill which were agreed to in conference at the last Congress, ]eaving 

'~~ Total Amtrica ............ 3, 762 off other items which were then disagreed to by the conferees, the obSpain .............................. . Sweden ............................ . Switzerland ..................... . 

2 ject being to send us a clean bil1, to which little or no objection could 

Azores ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· : .. ······ I, l33 arise, in order that it might have speedy passage. And the Committee 

Turkey in Europe ........... . Heligoland ...... : ................ . 

Total all other Europe... 264,683 Bermuda 2 1=====11 Cape Verd~·: :: ::: ::: ::: ::: :: 14 on Appropriations of the Senate recognizing that have dealt very 

Total Europe................. 410,071 Islands of Atlantic, not lightly with the bill in the way of amendment. In fact, I may say 

Arabia.............................. 1 specified ...... ......... ... .... 1 

_____ 1_1 there is nothing substantial put on that the House did not incorporate 

Armenia........................... 83 Total islands of the in the bill. The bill, as it goes back to the House with the amendChina................................ 28 India................................ 29 

Atlantic.................... I, 160 ments agreed to, is not only not larger than the House bill, but two 

thousand dollars smaller. I ask now that the bill may be read for 

amendment. Japan ........ ,............ ........... 163 Australia ........................ . Persia............................... 1 Hawaiian Islands .......... . TQrkey in Asia. ................ 210 New Zealand .................. . Asia, not specified............. ............... ...... Islands of the Pacific, not 

401 

738 1 

Total .A.sia ...................... 1----5-15-ll specified ........... ············ ------- 9 

Total islands · of the . Egypt .............................. . Pacific .................... . 1,1-19 

The PRESIDENT pro te-mpo1·e. The reading of the bill will proceed. 

The Chief Clerk proceeded to read the bill, and, having read to line 

14 on page 4-- , Mr. HALE. The committee have an amendment which I offer, in 

Morocco Jine 11, page 4, in the appropriations for the Bureau of Engraving and .......................... . South Africa ................... . 

5 

1 

1 Born at sea..................... 50 Printing, to strike out all after the word " dollars" to the end of the 

I===== paragraph, as follows: Total immigra.n ts 

Africa, not-specified ........ . 17 

Total Africa ................ . 24 (nine months) ........ . 416,731 

Table exhibiting the total number of immigrants arrived at the ports of New 

York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimm·e, Neto Orleans, and San Francisco, 

from tlte principal foreign countries during the months of October and November,* 1887. 

Number ofimmigrants. 

Countries. 

October, I November, 1887. 1887. 

And the number of plate-printers and plate-printers' assistants may, by direction of the Secret-ary of lhe Treasury, be increased to 200 and 230,respectively. 

And to insert in lieu thereof: 

And the number of printers' assistants at $1.50 a day may, by direction of the 

Secretary of the Treasury, be increased to 38, and the number of printers' as- sistants at $1.25 a day reduced to 176. · 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The reading of the bill was resumed. The .first amendment reported 

by the Committee on Appropriations was, under the head of'' appropriations for the District of Columbia," in section 1, line 1, on page 11, 

after the word ''office,'' to strike out ',' $172.70 '' and insert '' $1,727 ;'' so as to read: 

To reimburse Freder:ck Dou ~lass for record-books and g·eneral indices pur- chased and paid for by him while recorder of deeds, for use of his office, $1,727. 

I 

The amendment was agreed to. 

::o~i}~~t~~~ .. ~~~~~.:::::: :::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:~~ ~~~~~ The next amendment was, in section 1, on page 30, und'Cr the bead 

Ireland....................................................................... 2,116 i: 337 of ''Senate," to strike out the clause from line 8 to line 12, inclusive, -------.----- as follows: Total Great Brit.ain and Ireland ....................... . 17,606 9,389 

Germany ................................................................... . France ..................................... .................................. . 9,480 8, 388 620 665 Bohemia. and Hungary ............................................. . Austria, other ............................................................ . Russia ....................................................................... . Poland ....................................................................... . 

1,929 2,093 

1, 703 1,805 

1,075 2,195 239 618 Sweden and Norway ...... ........................................... . Denmark ................................................................... . 5, 780 3,407 524 456 Netherlands .............................................................. . 293 270 Jtaly .......................................................................... . Switzerland ....................................... m ............... ..... . 

3,016 1,619 769 421 All other countries ...... .............................................. . 665 653 

Total immigrants ............................................ . 43,699 31,979 

*The returns for December have not all been received. 

NOTE.-The arrivals of immigrants in the customs districts above specified comprise about 98 per cent. of the immigration into the entire country. 

Total immigration (eleven months)......................................................... -492, 409 

WM. F. SWITZLER, 

Ohief of Btweau. 

TREASURY DEPARTMENT, BUREAU OF STATISTICS, January 9,1888. 

For compensation of officers,clerks;messengers, etc., in the employ o( ti!e Sen- ate for the fiscal year ending June 30,1887, ~14,229.08. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, in section 1, line 16, on page 30, under the 

same bead, to increase the appropriation "for fuel, oil, and cottP"n-waste 

for heating department'' .from '' $2,000 '' to '' $2,894. 27. '' 

The amendment was agreed to. • The next amendment was, in section 1, line 18, on page 30, under 

the same bead, to increase the appropriation ''for furnitur~ and repairs 

of furniture" from '' $3,000" to "$3,.249. 29." 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the same head, in section 1, after 

line 20, on page 30, to insert: 

For packing-boxes, $41.83. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the same head, 'in section 1, line 24 

of page 30, to increase the appropriation ''for folding speeches and 

pamphlets,'' from '' $4,500 '' to '' $6,778. 33. '' 

The amendment was agreed to. 
666 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. JANUARY 24, 

The next amendment was, under the same head, in section 1, line 1 

of paO'e 31, to reduce the appropriation ''for miscellaneous items, excl usi ie oflabor," from " $5,000 " to " $3, 962.70." 

The ame]]Jlment was agreed to. · 

The next amendment was, under the same head, in section 1, line 11 

of page 33, after the word " Forestry," to insert the name " (C. S. Wilbur);" so as to make the clause read: 

For clerk of Senate Committee. on Agriculture and Forestry (C. S. Wilbur) from the 4th day of March to the 1st day of July, 1887, $708. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was in the appropriations for "Government 

Printing Office," in section 1, line 17 of page 37, after the words "REcORD folders," to insert "proof-readers, copy-holders;" so as to make 

the clause read: 

That the il\lm of $10,000, or so much thereof u.s may be necessa.ry, is hereby 

appropriated to pay 2-5 pel' ceut. in addition to the amount paid for day labor to the employes of the Government Print-ing Office, such as compositors, press- men, stereotypers, laborers, press-feeders, RECORD folders, proof-readers, copy- holders, and engineers, who were exclusively employed on the nightforces _of the Government Printing Office during the second session of t-he Forty-ninth 

Congress. 

Mr. HALE. A further examination of this subject discloses to the 

committee the fact that the persons employed in the Printing Office 

under the names of proof-readers and copy-holders receive already for 

night work as much as or more than the 25 per cent., and therefore the 

committee recommend that the amendment found in those words be 

disagreed to. 

The PRESIDENT pro temp01·e. The amendment will be disagreed 

to, if there be no objection. 

Mr. HALE. I think the Senator from Connecticut [.M:r. HAWLEY] 

has an amendment to this clause, and as it has already been dealt 

with I suppose his amendment would be in order now. 

Mr. HAWLEY. I could wish that this whole paragraph had been 

subjected to a more thorough examination. I do not find that either 

in the other House or in the Senate the Public Printer has been sent 

for, or any careful examination made of this matter. It was brought 

forward, I think, by employes of the Printing Office with entirely honorable motives to secure extra pay for night work to a certain class of 

employes who it was claimed did not receive it. 

There is no certainty that $10,000, or what is appropriated here, will 

pay the debts authorized to be paid, for I think that sum is not based 

upon any detailed explanation by the Public Printer. . 

To show how the paragraph would stand if it had been amended as 

the committee reported, I read from a statement furnished me from the 

printing office by the !Jetitioners for this change. They show that the 

proof-readers have been receiving $4.44 a day or 55 cents an hour, and 

for night work $6, an increase of $1.56. 

Mr. HALE. That is, that they are already receiving it. 

Mr. HAWLEY. They have already been receiving it. 

Mr. HALE. So I understand. 

Mr. HAWLEY. There is n~ reason in the world why they should 

be put in. This statement shows that the copy-holders' rate of pay 

has been $3.20 a day, and for night work $5. 

Mr. HALE. That is more than the 25 per cent. 

1 :f!fr. HAWLEY. That is more ·than the 25 percent. The statement 

further shows that the floor-hands have been receiving per day, $4, or 

50 cents an hour for eight hours' work, and are paid $5. 66§- a night for 

night work; that laborers who got $2 during the day have been recei ving $2.50 for night work. So, I can not comprehend why proof-readers 

and copy-holders ask to have the words in italics insert-ed. The committee have now stricken them out, I understand. 

Mr. HALE. The Senator has noticed that we have had those words 

stricken out. 

Mr. HAWLEY. Yes, the committee have just asked to withdraw 

that amendment. While I have serious doubts as to the wisdom of 

the whole paragraph~ I shall not undertake to antagonize it now, be- cause there is a measure of justice in it. At the suggestion of the 

Public Printer, I move to insert at the close of the paragraph the following proviso: 

Provided, That in estimating the said 25 per cent., credit shall be given the Government for whatever has already been paid the said employes above the rates for day work. 

Mr. HALE. I suggest to make the proviso read " for whatever has 

already been or is being now paid. '' · 

Mr. HAWLEY. Yes, if you wish those words in, I have no objection to them. • 

The PRESIDENT pro tempo-re. The amendment proposed by the 

Senator from Connecticut [Mr. HAWLEY] will be read, as modified. 

The SECRETARY. It is proposed to add the following proviso: 

Provided, That in estimating the said 25 per cent., credit shall be given the Government for whatever bas already been paid, or is now being paid, the said employes above the rates for day work. 

Mr. HALE. I do not percei~e "'a.ny objection to this amendment. I 

will give the history of the matte1· in brief, and I do so because the 

Senator from Connecticut has suggested that fur~her examination might 

have brought out the facts earlier. 

This whole subject was not one that was put upon the bill by the 

- I 

Committee on Appropriations; but the Committee on PTinting in the. 

last Co:Qgress brough~ the matter before the Senate, and the Senate incorporated the provision in the bill. That committee had made examinations from day to day, and were in consultation with the Public 

Printer. The Senate accepted the clause as reported by that committee, 

and so it was found on the bill. When the bill "\\as reconstructed in 

the Committee on Appropriations the words "proof-readers and copyholders'' were inserted at the suggestion of a Sena.tor who was a member of the committee and also a member of the Committee on Printing. 

As I have said, further examination .by him and by me and by the 

committee has disclosed the fact that these proof-readers and copyholders were already receiving as much as or more than the 25 per cent. 

additional for night work. Therefore the Tiords have been struck out 

on my motion. 

Now, the Senator from Connecticut comes in with an amendment 

which still further perfects the clause. It is not right that any of 

these employes who have had their -wages already raised because or 

night work should get the 25 per cent. that is intended to be applied 

to the employes who do not get it already. The amendment which 

the Senator has proposed seems to cover just the point of the case, and 

I hope it will be adopted. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The reading of the bill was resumed and continued to the seventh 

line of pa~ 39. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair calls the attention of the 

Senator from Maine to the language as it appears in the text in line 7, 

page 39: 

Charles Morgan, eighty hundred and five dollars and eighty-seven cents. 

Mr. HALE. That may be passed over for the present. I presume 

it should be $805.87; but the clerk of the committee will hunt the 

matter up and I will return to it. 

The reading of the bill was resumed~ and continued to page 46. 

Mr. HALE. If the Secretary will turn back to page 39, I will have 

the misprint rectified in line 7. It should read: 

Charles Morgan, $805.83. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempo'l'e. The amendment will be agreed to, 

if there be no objection. There is a misprint of "80" for "8." 

The reading of the bill was resumed and continued to line 10 of page 

48. 

Mr. HALE. In the name of ".J. V. Sweetting," the second "e" 

should be left out so as to conform to the name below. It should be 

'' S wetting.'' 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The amendment will be agreed to, 

if there be no objection. 

· The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of the 

Committee on Appropriations was, in the appropriations to pay judgments of the Court of Claims, in section 1, line 20, of page 52, to change 

the name "John G. Tufts" to "John Q. Tufts;" so as to read: 

John Q. Tufts, $113. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, in section 1, to strike out the clause beginning on line 19 of page 54, as follows: 

To pay the judgment of the Court of Claims in favor of the Pacific Railroad, 

$85,396.24, being in addition to the sum of $44,800.74., appropriated by the act ap- proved August 4,1885, to pay a. judgment in favor of said Pacific Railroad, whicll two sums shall be in full satisfaction of the judgment in favor of the Pacific Rail- road reported to Congress in the House Executive Document No. 29, Fiftieth Congress, first session. 

Mr. HALE. When the committee recommended strik~ng out this 

clause, a controversy had arisen as to who would be the real beneficiaries 

of the appropriation; and the committee thought it better to strike out 

the clause until that had been settled. It has since been settled that 

the money should go according to the appropriation made by the other 

House, and therefore I ask that the amendment be disagreed to. 

· The amendment was rejected. . 

The reading of the bill was resumed and continued to line 20: page 

56. / ·The PRESIDENT pro tempore. In line 20 on page 56 there is an er- ror app:uently in the type. 

Mr. PLATT. Two letters are dropped out. 

Mr. HALE. It should read "$692. 70." 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It will be corrected so as to read 

'' $692.70. " . The next amendment of the Committee on Appropriations was in the 

appropriations to pay judgments of the Court of Claims, in section 1, 

line 3 of page 27, to strike out the name '' Tamp,r" and insert "Tanner;" so as to read: 

Zera L. Tanner, $(;92.70. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment was in 

section 1, line 10 of page 61, in the appropriatio:\s to pay judgments 

of the Court of Claims, after the word "all," to strike out ''one 

hundred and eighty-four thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight 

dolJars and,sixteen,'' and insert ''ninety-nine thousand three hundred 

and ninety-one dollars and ninety-two;" so as to make the clause read: 

In all, $99,391.92: Provided, That none of the judgments herein provided for shall be paid until the right of appeal shall have expired. 
I 

1888. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. - 667 

Mr. HALE. That amendment should be disagreed to, to conform to 

the amendment on page 54 to pay the judgment of the Court of Claims 

in favor of the Pacific railroads. 

The amendment was rejected. 

The reading of the bill was resumed and continued to line 24, on 

page 65. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempm·e. On page 65, in line 23, before the 

word ''prior,'' the word '' and '' will be inserted. 

The reading of the bill was resumed and continued to liue 23, on 

page 69. 

The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. The letter '' F '' will be inserted before 1

' or '' in line 23, to correct a typographical error. The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of the 

Committee on Appropriations was, in section 3, page 76, llne 21, before 

the word "numbered," to strike out "claim" and insert "claims;" 

in line 22, after the words "eight thousand six hundred and fortysix," to insert "and nine thousand four hundred and ninety-five;" 

and in line 34, aft-er the word 11 thousand,'' to strike out ''nine hundred 

and forty-eight dollars and four," and insert "eight hundred and fiftyfour dollars and seventy-nine;" so as to make the clause read: 

For deficiency in postal revenues, 1885 and prior years, except the claims designated as A 1, A 2, and A 3, and the claims numbered 8646 and 9495 in said Ex- ecutive Document No. 32, $49,854.79. · 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The PRESIDENT pro tem.pm·e. This completes the amendments reported from the Committee on Appropriations. 

Mr. HOAR. I desire to move, on the twenty-sixth page, at the 

end of line 6, under the general provisions for the Post-Office Department, the amendment which I send to the desk. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempm·e. The Chief Clerk will state the proposed amendment. 

The CHIEF CLERIC· At the end ofline 6, on page 26, insert: 

That the proper officers of the Post-Office Department are hereby authorized 

and directed to credit in the accounts of William E. Blunt, postmaster at Haver· hill, :M:a.ss., the sum of $260.03, being the value of certain postal funds which were stolen from the safe inside the post-office on the night of the 31st day of 

October, 1883, without the fault or negligence of said postmaster. 

:Mr. HOAR. I desire to say in support of the amendment that there 

came from the Postmaster-General or one of his assistants, at the last 

Congress, a letter certifying to the fact, shoWing that this loss occurred 

without the fault of the officer, and recommending the payment of this sum. That letter was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and 

Post-Roads, the passage of this provision recommended, and the item was inserted in the de:ficien~y bill, in this same bill which we have 

now before us, at the close of the last session. It was stricken out, I 

believe, in.conference by the insistence of the otiler House. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to the 

amendment proposed by the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. HoAR]. 

Mr. HALE. I think, perhaps, that when I have explained the 

methods pursued by the committee in making up this bill the Senator 

will not seek to urge the amendment on this bill.' 

Whatever may be the merits of the case, and however certain this 

item may be to go on some future deficiency bill, it is one of the 

provisions upon which the conference committee came t& loggerheads 

in the last Congress and could not agree. Therefore it was struck out 

by the report of the conference committee. It was not one of the items 

agreed to. · 

There.is a large class of such items, and in making up this bill it was 

not deemed advisable to go into those old questions; but the bill is confined to items agreed upon by the conferees. Not even all of those are included, but none outside have been put on this bill. There are many 

of them; they will come up in other deficiency bills. There will be 

additional auditing and testing and scrutiny in the Departments, and 

then they will be presented, so that I judge no objection ~n be made 

to them either in the other House or here. 

Bo.t, s;triving to get a bill that should not give rise to c.ontroversy, 

hoping, as I do, that we shall send this bill back in such shape that there 

will be no conference at all and no delay, I trust that the Senator will 

not, under the circumstances, urge the amendment any further. -

:Mr. PLATT. May I ask the Senator having charge of the bill a question? 

Mr. HALE. Certainly. 

Mr. PLATT. Do I understand the Senator to say that all the items 

which were agreed upon by the conference committee of last year are included in this bill? 

.l.1r. HALE. No; I have just said that not only did we not put on 

those items which were disagreed to, but there are some items which were then agreed to in conference committee that the other Honse has 

left out in the bill now before us, and the Senate Committee on Appropriations has not deemed it advisable to put them on in order not to 

raise a controversy again. 

1\lr. PLATI'. They agreed last year to them, and why should we 

not insist upon them this year? 

Mr. HALE. In some cases the operation of: time has disposed of the 

items. A neficiency that might be estimated in January of last year - for the general service of the Government in a particular Department 

up to the 1st of July, 1~, if it failed to be appropriated for, would not 

be needed now, because the service would have been pinched, the Department would have got- along without the money, and there would 

now be no necessity for appropriating it. That is true in some cases. 

On the other hand, the House of Representatives have left off the bill 

certain provisions which will have to be appropriated for soon, which 

they are now considering on another bill that will be soon before the 

Senate. 

Mr. PLATT. Which items the Committee on Appropriations on the 

part of the Senate think are just and ought to have been provided for 

a year ago. 

l'rlr. HALE. The o.ther House ought to have put them on the present bill, but the Committee on Appropriations, of the Senate, for reasons 

which I can refer to later, if necessary, did not think it worth while to 

raise the controversy now with the other House. 

Mr. HOAR. Of course, after the statement of the Senator from Maine 

that this deficiency bill which must be passed promptly, has been made 

up with that understanding on the part of the committee that has it in 

charge, I can not properly press the amendment upon this bill, but I 

shall move it either on the regular Post-Office appropriation bill or the 

general deficiency bill, as may seem best hereafter. 1 shall, therefore, 

not press the amendment at the present time. I 'vithdraw the amendment. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempm·e. The amendment is withdrawn. 

1\Ir. HAWLEY. I move to insert after line 9 on page 26 the amendment which I offered the other day, which has been printed and re- ferred to the co~ittee, omitting all after line 9 in the printed amendment. 

Mr. PLATT. I suggest that the amendment come in after line 6 . . Mr. HAWLEY. Very well; after line 6, as my co.Ueague su gest~ 

The PRESIDENT pro tt ~pore. The amendment proposed by the 

Senator from Connecticut will be stated. 

The CHIEF CLERK. On page 26, after line 6, it is f>roposed to insert: 

For manufacture of adhesive postage and special-delivery stamps, $6,884A5. For manufacture of stamped envelopes, newspaper-wrappers, and lettersheets, $65,237.78. For manufacture of registered-package, tag, official, and dead-letter envelopes, 

$17,813.49. 

Mr. HA. WLEY. Now, 1\:fr. President, those items amount to $89,-

935.72. They am for goods furnished by a firm of my constituents, 

which goods the Government sold previous to last J o.ly, or shortly after; 

for which goods the Government has the money, and for which money 

my constituents are paying 6 per cent. interest_at bank. 

This is the deficiency bill of which the gentleman spoke. The next 

deficiency bill is one to cover deficiencies for the current year. My 

amendment belongs to this first and real urgent deficiency bill, to pay 

something that was do.e in cash before the first ofla.st July. I trust 

some members of the Senate will please listen to me, because I am arguing a case of most absolute and incontestable justice. 

The committeeThe committee in the other House~ I believe there iS no objection to 

my reading a document of the other House~ 

The committee have taken as a basis for the preparation of the bill House Executive Docmnents numbered19, 29, and32, transmitted to the present session 

of Congress, but in considering th ese estimates they have confined themselves to only such items of public expense ns were ,provided for in . the general deficiency bill as agreed upon in conference at the last session, but which failed to be- come a. law ;'but all items agreed upon in said conference which are manifestly no longer ne"'cessary, because of the lapse of time or the change of condition in 

the publie service, are either entirely excluded or so altered in their terms, etc. 

I affirm that it is not true within half a · million dohars. I affirm 

that they left out what is as much due as the President's board bill, 

to the extent of something like half a million. 

Before the last fiscal year expired the Postmaster-General begged 

Congress to appropriate money so that he could buy envelopes to supply the public. Congress put that in the deficiency bill. Here is the 

last March bill, the bill which failed. Here in that bill are the items 

to which I refer. They were not so closely estimated there as they are 

now. I will show you that they are estimated to the cent now in the 

Department, and that exactly what is to be paid is known just as well 

now as it will be six months hence. On the forty-first page o~ the old 

bill are these items: 

For manufacture of adhesive postage and special-delivery stamps, $5,000. For manufacture of stamped envelopes, newspaper-wrappers, nnd lettersheets, $137,000. For manufacture of registered-package, tag, official, and dead-letter envelopes, 

$10,000 . 

l'Yiaking a very considerably larger sum than is now asked for, because the fiscal year has closed and the exact sum due is known. 

Hear, if you please, what the Postmaster-General says about this exact debt due to constituents of .n:rlne: 

The amounts due for supplies of paper, adhesive stamps, and envelopes of 

both kinds ought to be included in one urgent deficiencybillandpromptly pro- vided, because they are properly payable during the year past on delivery of the 

purchased articles, and bnt for the considerate favor of the contractors in fur· 

nishing the needed supplies the service would have suffered. No increase in ·price wa.s paid in any case, and no obligation t-o pay interest iucnrred; and tne earliest possible discharge ot these .debts is an obligation upon the honor of the 

Government. 

That is from the annual report of the Postmaster-General, and he re-
668 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 24, 

questS the payment in a letter he sent to the chairman of the Committee 

on Appropriations on this subject. 

Now, ·understand the case. The Government would have been without envelopes for the service about the first of last May. It begged the 

Plimpton Com-pany, of Hartford, Conn., to go on with the work, saying 

they must trust the Government. The Plimpton Company say,'' Very 

well, we will go on; we do not expect any interest, and know we can 

not get the money before next December any way;" but they did think 

they would get it in December. They borrowed the money needed for 

their manufacture. They arc carrying notes now to the amount of 

$85,000 in the Hartford banks and paying 6 per cent. interest upon 

them. Having done the Government a favor in furnishing a large num- ber of envelopeS, the Government having sold the envelopes and having 

the cash in its own drawers, they are now asked to wait for a second 

deficiency bill against the advice of the Postmaster-General, who says 

the prompt payment of this item is a matter of honor. I think I have 

made a clear case. Mr. HALE. I am rather gla-d tliat the Senator from Connecticut bas 

moved this amendment, because it gives an opportunity to state the 

actual condition in which the committee of the_Senate found itself in 

reference to this appropriation and some others of the same kind of 

merit. 

The deficiency bill failed last year because, as everybody knows, although it is large, embracing many items and needing very careful and 

close scrutiny, it was never reported to the other House until the 25th 

day of February, seven days before final adjournment. It was then 

considered in the other House, and three days after was :first sent to 

the Senate, so that this body did not get it, its committee had no opportunity to examine it, to consider its provisions, to formulate proposed amendments, until four days before the expiration of the session 

and of the fl_,ongress. Under those conditions, working day and night, 

the Senate .was not able to pass the bill, get it into conference, have 

it considered there, and passed upon finally, so that it would becomea 

law; and it died because the Congress died.- There wer~ many items in dispute between the two Houses which 

had been adjusted in conference, and that conference report, as I have 

said, failed to become a law because it could only be offered within an hour or less t.han an hour of the end of the session. But the record 

of all the controverted su~jects existed in the committee, and when 

the House Committee on Appropriations proceeded to deal with this 

old bill, the natural course one would consider would have been either 

to go into all the contested items and make a new bill or to take the 

uncontested items and seek to pass them. The latter was the general 

rule adopted, but there were very marked exceptions, and the case covered bytthe amendment of the Senator from Connecticut is one. The case involving appropriations for the :finishing of the new ships 

and their armament is another. The case for the appropriation covering the aqueduct, or the :finishing of the tunnel through which the 

water is to be conveyed to us here, is another. 

What reason controlled the committee in the other body or the body 

itself for leaving off those items of obvious necessity, has thus far failed 

to appear. That they are as necessary now as they were last winter, 

as necessary now as when they were agreed upon by the conferees of 

the two Houses, is apparent to every one. They are not of the class 

of cases to which I before adverted where time lla.S disposed of them, 

because they are items that must be paid for at some time; but the 

House of Representatives chose to leave them off, and the Senate Com- . mit tee on Appropri&tions was confronted, as it has long been, as it will 

be again during this session, now on the opening of the session, with 

this attitude on the part of the other body. Here are appropriations 

that are manifestly needed for the service _of the Government which are left off, and obviously it must be on the theory that the Senate 

will put them on. Then, as everybody knows who reads the papers and who follows the 

debates and sees the course of business, it will be said when the deficiency bill or any other appropriation bill goes back to the House that 

the Senate in its extravagance has added so many hundred thousand 

dollars to each bill; and early and late, Mr. President and Senators, we 

shall hear that constantly throughout this Congress, as we have heard it 

h.eretofore, and elaborate tables and memoranda and records will be 

made up at the end of the session in which it will be shown that ex- travagance, or what is claimed to be so, exists here and not there, and 

that this body in its extravagance, in its lack of proper economy in 

the management of public funds, has added to every bill. 

The Committee on Appropriations of the Senate has become restive 

under this. It does not believe that the committee or the body should 

be subjected to such reproach as that, and it believes, and I believe, that 

the evil will never be cured until the Senate concludes, in considering 

these subjects for the operation and management of the Departments of 

the Government, to take t1. House bill as it is, let the Departments see where the trouble is, let them undexstand that where the bills originate, the body in sympathy with the Departments politically-and I do 

not speak of this as a political question, because it is not in the Committee on Appropriations-should provide for their wants. The restive- ness that is felt there under this practice of the other body is just as 

great on the part of Democrats as on the part of Republicans, and I 

think it is so here in the body. It is not a political question, but it is a reproach urged against the Senate that it is extra·vagant, and the committee have concluded to take this bill from the House .of Representatives practically as the House sent it here, and let the Departments see 

to it that hereafter their representations of the necessity for the use of 

money shall be made in season at the other' end of the Capitol; that 

the House o(_ Representatives shall be confronted with the necessity, 

and shall also see plainly and clearly that obvious it-ems shall not be· left off appropriation bills merely with the expectation and belief that 

the Senat-e will put them on, for so long as we go on and add these 

items and relieve the Departments upon the theory that the public serv- ice demands it, just so long it will be claimed at the other end that we are extravagant, increasing their appropriations, and at the close of 

every session we .shall be confronted with the columns of :figures of 

what we have done. 

l say again that evil will never be cured; we shall never cease to be 

subjected to this pressure until we take a stand and say, ''If you be-· licve that these Departments can run with these small appropriations, 

let them try it for six months or for a year." 

I have given plainly and frankly io the Senator from Connecticut 

the reason why this appropriation, which he has stated the reasons for so clearly, has been left off here. It is not better than certain other 

appropriations. There will be another bill, what is called the urgency 

deficiency appropriation bill, in a few days; I learn that the House 

committee is considering one; and, in view of the fact that the Senate 

Committee on Appropriations did not put these items into this bill and 

did not report them to thi.s body, that the House committee is considering them, and they are likely, I may say, to be taught a lesson, and 

they will be on the next bill, I think it is better for good legislation,· I think we shall stand better if we stick to the bill as the committee 

has reported it, just as the House has sent it to u~. Hard as it may be 

in individual cases, it will be only a few days; but what little time is 

lost now, what hardship comes in one case-and I do not seek to make 

that smaller than it really is-all of us will gain in the benefit that we 

shall derive during the rest of the session on the numerous appropriation bills that will come before us; but if we put on now everything 

which has been left off, that will be expected always. 

Mr. HA. WLEY. 1t1r. Presid~nt, this is, then, about the case, to state 

it frankly: Instead of adopting all that .was agreed upon by everybody 

in the old deficiency bill, which billoughttohavegivenmoneyenongh 

to carry the Government through the last :fiscal year, the committee of 

the other House has left off more than half a million of dollars. The 

Senator gives us to understand that the House expects the Senate, 

Democrats as well as Republicans, to put that on, and that they will 

be able then to point to the extravagance oftbe Senate in adding to appropriation bills. I do not care what they point to; I do not care what 

they say. Here is the fact that a conti"actor with the Government ill 

his foolish generosity to us says, "You will not have any stamps if I 

do not work my mill, and I will work two months without a cent; I 

will borrow money at 6 per cent. interest to carry them on, and ask no interest from you, if you will try to get me paid next December as well as you can when Congress gets together." That money he is borrowing and paying interest for now. The Government has sold the en- velopes and has the money in its Treasury, and now we are asked to 

assist the Appropriations Committee of the Senate in a little combat 

with the House Appropriations Committee, and sacrifice ourselves for 

this great, broad, general principle ! 

Sir, do it at somebody else's expense besides that of my constituent . Let him have his money; pay $9,000 for what you owe just as truly as you do for your shoes, your bread, and your butter. You have had our product for six months, you have sold our goods, and we are payiug 6 

per cent. to carry the debt now. I should like to know how you a,re going to reconcile my Connecticut friend to the broad principles of 

grand strategy that involve the carrying on of that kindofafightwith 

the House committee. 

I sympathize with the Senator from Maine; I think I should feel a good deal as the Appropriations Committee feel. It is all very well to 

say that you are not going to yield and add to the bill; but I say you 

should pay your honest, indisputable debts if you add a million dollars to the bill. 

My friend speaks of an urgent deficiency bill. No, sir; the urgent 

deficiency bill pertains to the probable deficiencies of the current :fiscal 

year. So far as my item is concerned, this applies to a deficiency of 

last year, the exact state of which was ascertained and stated in the re- port of the Postmaster-General, who says it is a matter of honesty to 

pav it in an urgent deficiency bill. 

Mr. HALE. One word, Mr. President. This is no controversy, no 

''com bat,'' to use the word of the Senator from Connecticut, between the 

two committees. It has not assumed any phase .of that kind. It is a question rather of self-respect on the part of this whole body. It is 

transferred from the room of the Committee on Appropriations to the 

Senate Chamber. Here in the very first bill that comes over we are confronted with this practice at the other end of the Capitol. Now, 

it is a hardship to the Senator's constituent. The case that he urges 

is plain, it is obvious, and we have thought in the Committee on ~ppropriations many times that the items which are left off appropna-
1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 669 

tion bills are obvious items that nobody could object to because it is 

supposed that we will put them on for the reason that they are such. · 

That is intolerable. 

It is not the debatable items in many cases that are left off, but it is 

the items about which,. no man can make demur, about which: no question can be raised, such as the item covered by the amendment of the 

Senator from Connecticut, that are left off bills on purpo_se as we fear, 

that seeing how urgent they are, how undoubted the strength of their 

claim, the Senate must put them on. I repeat, sir, it is intolerable. 

Now, it is for the Senate to decide . • If the Senat-e takes this attitude 

and undertakes to carry it out there will never be a case where there 

will not be a :Qardship, there will never be a case where -it will not 

grind somebody. I am sorry it grinds the constHuent of the Senator 

from Connecticut; but this other practice has been grinding us ever 

since I have been a member of this body and a member of this commit~e, and there is no good reason why in considering the estimates 

which are made by the Departments after proper auditing and scrutiny, 

and after proper certification showing that there has been adjudication 

in the most solemn forms, these appropriations should be left off the 

bills that originate in the other end of the Capitol. There is ·no good 

reason why it should be so. Debatable questions enough will arise where the two Hou.;es will be 

in honest antagonism, and where the Senate will seek to put.upon appropriation bills subjects that are objectionable to the committees of 

the House and to the entire body; but there is no sense, there is no 

justice, it is, I say again, intolerable that items upon which there is no 

dispute should be left off for no reason whatever that can be given. 

And every particle of testimony, every one of the reports "!Jpon which 

_!.he Senate committee act being before the House committees when they · 

consider the subjects, and all information that is at our door being at 

their door, it is intorerable, sir, that we should be continually confronted with such items being left off; and t·he Senate committee have 

recommended that the Senate take its stand here. It is for the Senate 

to decide what it will do in the matter. The committee has done its 

do.ty. 

Mr. STEW ART. :Mr. PreSident, I do not see why the Senate should 

be dishonored by not. paying a debt acknowledged to be due, because 

somebody else will not do its duty. How can we escape the responsibility? It seems to .me it is our duty to put on all legitimate amendments. Here is a case where a debt is acknowledged and there is no 

question of it. I do not think we should be a party to bad faith or to 

teaching the public that the Government of the United States will not 

keep faith with its creditors and pay its debts. I would put on every 

claim about which there was no question, where there was an honest 

debt due, and I would pass the bill. If anybody else wanted to repudiate at the other end, the responsibility will not 1·est on us. I believe 

in taking a stand right now. 

The case made by the Senator from Connecticut is absolutely plain; 

it is a shame to let the matter stand longer. The case is perfect, and 

it·is dishonoring the Senate to pass a bill and omit that claim. Send 

it back to the House and let them repudiate it if they will, but not us. 

The country will :find out who has done right and who has done wrong. 

All we have to do is to take care of our own consciences and do right 

here. I am in favor of the amendment, and I am in' favor of every 

proposition as clearly right as that, and I hope the Senate will put it 

on and will stand by the bill in that form. The country is intelligent 

and will :find out who is right and who is wrong. Because others say 

·we are extravagant we should not be scared from doing our duty in 

that regard, and I hope that the amendment of the Senator from Connecticut will prevail. I want to vote for it. I hope the Senate will 

stand by it. 

Mr. PLATT. 1\Ir. President, I do not know that I ought to delay 

the Senate any longer with this discussion, but I sympathize very 

much with the position which the Senator having this bill in charge 

has taken in this matter. I agree that the situation is intolerable, 

and I have felt it in past sessions and I feel it now. But it seems to 

me that we ought not to draw the line on this item, and I will tell the 

rea8on why I think we onght not to d'o so. 

This is for a debt which the Government owes where it has had the 

material. As my colleague says, it has sold the material, not used it, 

got the money for it, and the money is in the Treasury of the Urrited 

States, and our constituents need that money. They are not rich men; 

they can not afford to wait. It seems to me that we lflay draw the. 

line at another class of cases when the House refuses to make appropriations for deficiencies to carry on the Government in the future. 

There, I think, we might take our stand. We mightsaytot,heHouse, 

"If you will not appropriate for what is necessary to carry on the Government during the rest of the fiscal year, we will accept the situation, 

and the Government works and the Government needs shall not be 

attended to;" but I do not think we ought to go so far as to say that 

we will not pay a debt about which there is no question, where the 

Government has the money; and, indeed, I think, in this particular 

thing the Committee on Appropriations may very fairly assume that 

the House overlooked it, that it made a mistake. - Mr. 'HALE. The same documents which have been referred to were 

before the Honse committee which were before our committee. There 

is not a particle of additional information here that was not there. 

~fr. PLATT. But just look a,.t it. This deficiency bill th;tt came 

from the House last year included this as being an item which it was 

necessary to appropriate for in order to carry on the 'Government until 

the end of the fiscal year,· which was June 30, 1887. Here are the 

three items in the old bill, which the proper Department estimated 

would be required to carry on the operations of the Governmmt until 

June 30, 1887. That was in :March, 1887. It comes over here, it js. 

the print of the House bill which contains that, and now it can not be 

possible that the Committee on Appropriations in the House, _having 

recomm~nded that an appropriation should be made to carry on that 

work, and knowing, as the Senator says,. that notwithstanding the failure of the appropriation it had been done, and that the Government 

owed for it, would deliberately leave it out. 

Mr. HALE. Just what has been done. 

Mr. PLATT. I do not believe that it was deliberate; I think it 

must have been a mistake. t should scarcely feel justified in standing 

here and assuming that the House Committee on Appropriations and 

the House itself, having estimated for this matter as one wb,.ich was 

necessary to carry on the operations of the Government nearly a year 

ago, knowing that the work had been performed and that the Government owed every cent of it, and that there was no doubt about the 

amount that it owed, has now deliberately left it out. It is a pretty 

violent presumption, and I think the better way is to assume that in 

the haste of g~tting this deficiency bill over here, it is not the desire of 

the House and of its Appropriations Committee to refuse to pay the 

debts of the Government due more than seven months, that they overlooked this item, and the moment their attention is called to it they will 

gladly and joyfully put it in. · Mr. HALE. Several Senators have notified me of other amendments 

they wish to propose to this bill. It is very clear, therefore, t.hat we 

shall not be able to finish it to-night. 

.Mr. HA WI. .. EY. Let u.s have a vote. 

Mr. HALE. I move that the Senate do now adjo n. 

The PRESIQENT pro tempore. The Senator from .Maine moves that 

the Senate do now adjourn. Before putting the qu~tion on that motion, the Chair lays before the Senate the regular order, which is the 

bill (S. 371) to aid in the establishment and temporary support of common schools. The question is on the motion to adjourn. 

The motion was agreed to; and (at 4 o'clock and 35 minutes p. m.) 

the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Wednesday, January 25, 1888, 

at 12 o'clock m. 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

TUESDAY, January 24, 1888. 

The House met at 12 o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. 

H. MILBURN, D. D. • The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. 

INDUSTRIAL HOME, UTAH TERRITORY. 

The SPEAKER pro tempore laid before the House the following mes· 

sage from the President of the United States; which was read, with the 

accompanying papers referred to the Committee on the Territories, and 

ordered to be printed: 

To the Senate ana How;e of Representat'tt•es: 

I transmit herewith the first report of the board of control, created by the act of Congress appro'\"ed August 4, 1886 (24 Stat., 252), for the management of 

the industrial home in the Tenitory of Utah, containing a statement of the ac- tion of the board in establishing the home, and an account of exper.o.'litures from 

the appropriation made for that purpose in the act G~OVE~nt,~E~AND. 

EXECUTIVE 1.\'!ANSION, January 23, 1888. 

DEFICIENCIES, COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY. 

The SPEAKER pro tempore also laid before the House a letter from 

the Secretary of the Treasnxy, transmitting an estimate from the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, of appropriations to sup- . ply deficiencies for expenses of that bureau for the current fiscal year; 

which was referred to the Committee on .Appropriations, and ordered 

to be printed. 

DEFICIENCY, REVENUE-CUTTER SERVICE. 

The SPEAKER pro te1npore also laid before the llouse a letter from 

the Secretary ofthe Treasury, transmitting an e.c;timate of deficiency in 

appropriations for the expenses of the revenue-cutter service for the 

current fiscal year; which was referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. 

ESTABLISHMENT OF LIGHTS, ETC. 

The SPEAKER pro temp01·e also iaicl before the House a letter from 

the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting estimates from the LightHouse Board of appropriations for the e..c:tablishment of light stations, 

lights, etc.; which was referred to the Committee on Appropriations, 

and ordered to be printed.