[Cite as State v. Russell, 2022-Ohio-2595.]

COURT OF APPEALS

LICKING COUNTY, OHIO

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES:

: Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., P.J.

 Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J.

: Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.

-vs- :

:

DALE M. RUSSELL, JR. : Case No. 22CA0007

:

 Defendant-Appellant : O P I N I O N

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common 

Pleas, Case No. 20-CR-00259

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT: July 28, 2022

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant

ROBERT N. ABDALLA WILLIAM T. CRAMER

20 South second Street 470 Olde Worthington Road

Newark, OH 43055 Suite 200

Westerville, OH 43082
Licking County, Case No. 22CA0007 2

Wise, Earle, P.J.

{¶ 1} Defendant-Appellant Dale M. Russell, Jr. appeals the judgment of the 

Licking County Court of Common Pleas convicting him of two counts of felonious assault 

and sentencing him to an indeterminate term of incarceration of eight to twelve years. 

Plaintiff-Appellee is the state of Ohio.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

{¶ 2} A recitation of the underlying facts is unnecessary to our resolution of this 

appeal.

{¶ 3} Russell was indicted on two counts of felonious assault. Count one alleged 

assault with use of a deadly weapon, and count two alleged felonious assault resulting in 

serious physical harm. Russell was found guilty of both counts following a jury trial. The 

trial court proceeded directly to sentencing and imposed concurrent indeterminate prison 

terms of eight to twelve years on each count.

{¶ 4} Russell timely appealed and argued in part that the trial court erred by 

sentencing him on both counts of felonious assault in its judgment entry because it did 

not sentence him on both counts during the actual sentencing hearing. State v. Russell, 

5th Dist. Licking No. 2021 CA 0026, 2021-Ohio-3982 ¶ 28.

{¶ 5} Upon review, we concluded that both felonious assault charges were 

committed through a single criminal act with single state of mind, and were therefore allied 

offenses which should have been merged. We further found that the trial court committed 

plain error in failing to merge the offenses for sentencing and remanded the matter for 

resentencing. Id. ¶ 36.
Licking County, Case No. 22CA0007 3

{¶ 6} On remand, the state elected to proceed to sentencing on count two and 

the trial court imposed the same indeterminate sentence of eight to twelve years.

{¶ 7} Russell filed an appeal, and the matter is now before this court for review. 

He raises two assignments of error as follow:

I

{¶ 8} "INDEFINITE PRISON TERMS IMPOSED UNDER THE REAGAN TOKES 

LAW VIOLATE THE JURY TRIAL GUARANTEE, THE DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF 

POWERS, AND DUE PROCESS PRINCIPLES UNDER THE FEDERAL AND STATE 

CONSTITUTIONS."

II

{¶ 9} "APPELLANT WAS DEPRIVED OF HIS RIGHT TO THE EFFECTIVE 

ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL UNDER THE FEDERAL AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS 

WHEN TRIAL COUNSEL FAILED TO ARGUE THAT THE REAGAN TOKES LAW IS 

UNCONSTITUTIONAL."

I

{¶ 10} In his first assignment of error, Russell challenges the constitutionality of 

the Reagan Tokes Act. Specifically, Russell argues it violates his constitutional rights to 

trial by jury, equal protection and due process of law, and further violates the constitutional 

requirement of separation of powers by permitting the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation 

and Corrections to potentially add additional time to appellant's sentence based upon his 

behavior in the institution. We disagree.

{¶ 11} As an initial matter, we note Russell raises Tokes challenge for the first time 

in this appeal, even though he was sentenced to an indefinite term of incarceration
Licking County, Case No. 22CA0007 4

pursuant to the Reagan Tokes Act during his first sentencing hearing. Russell therefore 

could have raised his Tokes challenges in his first appeal, but failed to do so.

{¶ 12} In State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175, 180, 226 N.E.2d 104 (1967), the Ohio 

Supreme Court stated:

Under the doctrine of res judicata, a final judgment of conviction bars 

the convicted defendant from raising and litigating in any proceeding, 

except an appeal from that judgment, any defense or any claimed 

lack of due process that was raised or could have been raised by the 

defendant at the trial which resulted in that judgment of conviction or 

on an appeal from that judgment.

{¶ 13} Because Russell could have raised his challenge to the Reagan Tokes Act 

in his initial appeal, but failed to do so, the matter is now barred. But even if that were not 

true, in State v. Householder, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2021-0026, 2022-Ohio-1542, 

we set forth this court's position on Russell's arguments:

For the reasons stated in the dissenting opinion of The Honorable W. 

Scott Gwin in State v. Wolfe, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2020CA00021, 

2020-Ohio-5501, we find the Reagan Tokes Law does not violate 

Appellant's constitutional rights to trial by jury and due process of 

law, and does not violate the constitutional requirement of separation 

of powers. We hereby adopt the dissenting opinion in Wolfe as the 
Licking County, Case No. 22CA0007 5

opinion of this Court. In so holding, we also note the sentencing law 

has been found constitutional by the Second, Third, Sixth, and 

Twelfth Districts, and also by the Eighth District sitting en banc. See, 

e.g., State v. Ferguson, 2nd Dist. Montgomery No. 28644, 2020-

Ohio-4153; State v. Hacker, 3rd Dist. Logan No. 8-20-01, 2020-Ohio5048; State v. Maddox, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-19-1253, 2022-Ohio1350; State v. Guyton, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2019-12-203, 2020-

Ohio-3837; State v. Delvallie, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 109315, 2022-

Ohio-470. Further, we reject Appellant's claim the Reagan Tokes Act 

violates equal protection for the reasons stated in State v. Hodgkin, 

12th Dist. Warren No. CA2020-08-048, 2021-Ohio-1353.

{¶ 14} Based on the forgoing, Russell's first assignment of error is overruled.

II

{¶ 15} Russell next argues his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by 

failing to challenge the constitutionality of the Reagan Tokes Act. We disagree.

{¶ 16} To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must 

demonstrate: (1) deficient performance by counsel, i.e., that counsel's performance fell 

below an objective standard of reasonable representation, and (2) that counsel's errors 

prejudiced the defendant, i.e., a reasonable probability that but for counsel's errors, the 

result of the trial would have been different. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687–

688, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984); State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 

538 N.E.2d 373 (1989), paragraphs two and three of the syllabus. "Reasonable 
Licking County, Case No. 22CA0007 6

probability" is "probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome." Strickland

at 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052. 

{¶ 17} Because we have found Russell's Tokes challenge is barred in this 

proceeding, and further, because we have previously found the Reagan Tokes Act is 

constitutional, Russell cannot demonstrate prejudice from counsel's failure to raise the 

claim in the trial court.

{¶ 18} The second assignment of error is overruled.

{¶ 19} The judgment of the Licking County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

By Wise, Earle, P.J.

Gwin, J. and

Baldwin, J. concur.

EEW/rw