1470 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 28, 

·ship and his confidenee encircled men of every creed, and men of no creed, and to the end of his life, on his ever-lengthening list of friends, were t-o he found the names of a pious Catholic priest and of an honest-minded and generous-hearted free-thinker. 

On the morning of Saturday, J nly second, the President was a con- tented and happy man-not in an ordinary degree, but joyfully, 

almost boyishly happy. On his way to the railroad station to which 

he drove slowly, in conscious enjoyment of the beautiful morning, 

with an nnwonted sense of leisure and a keen anticipation of pleasure, his talk wa-s all in the grateful and gratulatory vein. He felt 

that after four months of trial his administration wa-s strong in its 

grasp of affairs, strong in popular favor, and destined to grow 

stronger; that grave difficulties confronting him at his inauguration 

h:ul been safely passed ; that trouble lay behind him and not before 

him; that he was soon to meet the wife whom he loved, now recov- ering from an illness which had but lately disqnieterl and at times 

almost unnerved him; that he was going to his Alma Mater to renew the most cherished as ociations of his young manhood, and to ex- uhange greetings with tho e whose deepening interest had followed 

every step of his upward..progress from the day he entered upon his 

college course until he had attained the loftiest elevation in the gift 

of his countrymen. 

Surely, if happiness can ever come from the honors or triumphs of 

this world, on that quiet July morning James A. Garfield may well 

l1ave been a happy man. No foreboding of evil haunteu him; no slightest premonition of danger cl0ucled his sky. His terrible fate was upon him in an instant. One moment he stood erect, strong, 

confident in the years stretching peacefully out before him. The 

11ext he lay wounded, bleeding, helpless, doomed to weary weeks of 

torture, to silence, and the grave. 

Great in life, he was surpassingly great in death. For no cause, in 

the very frenzy of wantonness and wickedness, by the rei!. hand of 

murder, he was thrust from the full tide of this world's interest, from 

its hopes, its aspirations, its victories, into the visible presence of 

death-and he did not quail. Not alone for the one short moment in 

which, stunned and dazed, he could give up life, hardly aware of its 

relinquishment, but through days of deadly languor, through weeks 

of agony, that was not less agony because ~:;ilently borne, with clear 

Hight and calm courage, he looked into his open grave. 'Vhat blight 

and rnin met his a.nguished eyes, whose lips may tell-what brilliant, 

broken plan , what baffied, high ambitions, what sundering of strong, 

warm, manhood's friendships, what bitter rending of s-weet household 

ties! Behind him a proud, expectant nation, agreathostof sust.<tining 

friends, a cherished and happy mother, wearing the full, rich honors of 

her early toil and tear ; the wife of his youth, whose whole life lay in 

l1is; th~ little boys not yet emerged from childhood's day of frolic; the 

fair young dan~hter; the stmcly sons just springin~ into closest com- panionship, clauningevery day and every day rewarCLing a father's love 

and care; and in his heart the eager, rejoicing power to meet all demand . Before him, desolation and great darkness! And his soul was not shaken. His countrymen were thrilled with insta.nt, profound, and 

universal sympathy. 1\Iasterfnl in his mortal weakness, he became 

the center of a nation's love, enshrined in the prayers of a world. 

Bnt all the love and all the sympathy could not share with him his 

suffering. He trod the wine-press alone. With unfaltering front he 

faced death. With unfailing tenderness he took leave of life. Above 

the demoniac hiss of the assa-ssin's bullet he heard the voice of God. 

With simple resignation he bowed to the divine decree. 

As the end c1rew near, his early craving for the sea returned. The 

stately mansion of power had been to him the wearisome hospital 

of pain, and he begged to be taken from its prison walls, from its 

oppressive, stifling air, from its homelessness and its hopelessness. 

Gently, silently, t.he love of a great people bore the pale sufferer to the 

longed-for healing of the sea, to live or to die, as God should will, within i~ht of its heaving billows, within sound of its manifold voices. 

'Vith wan, fevered face tenderly lifted to the cooling breeze, he looked 

ont wistfully upon the ocean's changing wonders; on its far sails, 

whitening in the morning light; on its restless waves, rolling shoreward to break and die beneath the noonday sun; on the red clouds 

of evening, arching low to the horizon ; on the serene and shining 

pathway <'f the stars. Let us think that his dying eyes rea{f a mystic meaning which only the rapt and parting soul may know. Let us believe that in the silence of the receding world he heard the great waves breaking on a further shore, and felt already upon his wasted 

brow the breath of the eternal morning. 

[The om tor on concluding was greeted with most hearty applause, 

in which the whole audience joined.] 

Rev. J. J. BULLOCK, the Chaplain of the Senate, pronounced the 

benediction, as follows: 

l\fay the peace of God, which passet·h all understanding, keep your 

minds and hearts in the knowledge and love of God and His Son, 

J esns Christ, our Lord . .And the blessing of God Almighty, the Father, 

the Son, and the Holy Ghost, re t upon and remain with you, now and forevermore. .Amen. 

The President and his Cabinet the Chief-Jnstice and a sociate 

ju<;tices of the Supreme Court, and other invited gnests then retired 

fro!ll the Hall; after which the Senate returned to their Chaml1er. 

The House having been called to order, 

Mr. McKINLEY submitted the following resolutions; which were unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, (the Senate concurring,) That the thanks of Congress be pre en ted to Hon. James G. Blaine, for the appropriate memorial address deli>ered by him on the life and services of James A brnm Garfield, late President of the United State , in the Representatives Hall, before both Houses of Congre s and their invited 

guests, on the 27th day of February, 1882; and that he be requested to furnish a copy for publication. 

Resolved, That the chainnen of the joint committee appointed to make the neces- sary arrangements to carry into efl'ect the resolations of this Congress in relation to the memmial exercise m honor of James Abram Garfield be reque ted to com- municate to Mr. Blaine the foregoin;> re olution, receive his answer thereto, and 

present the same to both How es of vongress. 

l\!r. McKINLEY. I now offer the resolution which I end to the 

Clerk's desk. 

The Clerk read as follows: 

~olvcd, That as a further testimonial of respect to the deceased President of 

the United States, the House do now adjourn. 

'The resolution was adopted; and thereupon (at one o'clock and 

fifty-five minutes 11. m.) the Hou e adjourned. 

SENATE. 

TUESD.A Y, February 28, 1882. 

Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. J. J. BULLOCK, D. D. 

The Journal of the proceedings of Friday last and of ye terday was read and approved. 

PETITIO:XS AND MEMORIALS. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore presented the memorial of the Chamber of Commerce of Los Angeles, California, in favor of the incorporation of the Maritime Canal Company of Nicaragua; which was referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

He also presented resolutions of the Chicago Historical Society in 

favor of the purchase of the Franklin manuscripts offered for sale by 

Henry Stephens of London; which were referred to the Committee on the Library. 

l\fr. ANTHO.NY. I present the memorial of the city council of the 

city of Providence, Rhode Island, calling the attention of Congress 

to the importance and necessity of improving the harbor of that city. 

I had the honor to present some resolutions upon this subject the 

other day when I asked the attention of the Committee on Commerce 

to the importance of the subject, and I wish now again to call their 

attention to it. I move the reference of the memorial to the Committee on Commerce. 

The motiou was agreed to. 

l\!r. McDILL presented the petition of John Kennedy, late a private in Company H, First Regiment Wiscon~in Cavalry, praying to 

be relieved from the effects of an entry on themuster-outrolls charging him with desertion; which was referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

Mr. FERRY presented resolutions of the Western Andersonville 

Survivors' As ociation of Chicago, lllinois, in favor of the passa<re 

of the bill (S. No. 1012) granting pensions to Union soldiers confin~d in so-called confederate prisons; which were referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

Mr. MILLER, of California, presented a joint resolution of the 

Legislature of California in favor of the pa sage of the bill to incorporate the Maritime Canal Company of Nicaragua; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. 

He also p1·esented a petition of citizens of California praying for an increase of compensation to keepers of life-saving stations on the 

Pacjfic coast; which was referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

Mr. MILLER, of New York, presented the petition of Edwin S. 

Gorham and 2,100 others, citizens of New York, praying for a reform 

in the method of appointment to the civil service; which was re- ferred to the Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment. 

He also presented a petition of ex-Union soldiers, citizens of New 

York, prayjng for the pa-ssage of a bill to increase the pensions of all 

soldiers having lost an armor a leg; which was referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

Mr. CAMERON, of Wisconsin, presented a petition of citizens of 

Wisconsin, praying for legislation regulating charges for railroad 

transportation; which wa.s referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

Mr. SHERMAN presented a petition of citizens of Ohio, praying 

for such a modification and amendment, of the patent laws as will 

protect innocent purchasers of patented articles from the in1po itwn 

and collection of royalties on infringements made by other ; which was referred to the Committee on Patents. · 

Mr. COCKRELL presented apetitionofcitizens ofl\Ii souri, praying for the erection of a suitable public building at Jefferson City, 

Missouri; which was ordered to lie on the table. 

He also 1n·e·ented a memorial oftheMerch:m.ts' Exchange of Saint 

Lou:is, Missouri, in favor of the passage of a bill to increase the efficiency of the signal service; which was referred to the Committee on Military .Affairs. 

He also presented the memorial of the Saint Louis l\fedical Society 

in favor of the proposal of the Surgeon-General of the United States 
1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1471 

Army for the erection of a fire-proof building for the National Medical .Museum and Library; which was referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 

Mr. HARRIS. I present recommendations of the bar of Memphis, 

Tennessee, for tht~ relief of the Federa.l courts from the pressure upon 

their business. Believing, as I do, that the recommendations are eminently worthy of serious consideration, I move to refer the paper 

to t.he Committee on the Judiciary. 

The motion was agreed to. 

.Mr. BLAIR presented a memorial of citizens of Bennington, New 

Hampshire, assembled on the birthday of Washington, in favor of 

legisJation for the extirpation of polygamy; which was refeiTed to 

the Committee on the Judiciary. 

He also presented a petition of citizens of Amherst, New Hampshire, praying for the passage of a law for the suppression and ex- tirpation of polygamy; which was referred to the Committee on the 

JucUciary. .. He also presented a petition of R. F. Ca.rter and others, citizens of 

Lancaster, New Hampshire, praying for such legislation as will regulate charges for railroad transportation; whlt.:h was referred to the 

Committee on Commerce. 

He also presented a petition of citizens of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in favor of the passage of a bill for the reorganization of the 

Marine Corps; which was ordered to lie on the table. 

Mr. GEORGE presented a petition of citizens of Mississippi, prayjug for legislation regulating charges for railroad transportation; 

"'Vhich was referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

Mr. BUTLER 1>resented additional pa.pers furnished by S. W. Melton, dit:~t.rict attorney for South Ca.rolina, to accompany the bill (S. 

1'-o. 815) to amend section 572 of the Revised Statutes; which were referrerl to the Committee on the Judiciary. 

Mr. MITCHELL presented the petition of Joseph W. Fisher, late 

(',olonel One hundred and ninety-fifth Regiment Infantry Pennsylvanh Volunteers, praying to be allowed compensation claimed to 

he clue to him; which was referred to the Committee on :MiJitary 

A1fairs. 

He also presented a letter of the Commissioner of Pensions in relation to the pension claim of Anna Maria. Young, widow of Jacob 

Young; which was referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

He also presented the memorial of the Philadelphia Conference of 

Bapt.ist ministers, protesting against. the passage of the hill providing for the application of the unclaimed bounty money due colored 

solcliers for the esta.blishment of an educational fnnd to be divided 

among tho five schools named in the bill; which was refeiTed to the 

Corunlittee on Education and Labor. 

Mr. JOHNSTON presented the petition of Thomas Hicks, executor 

of Captaiu Isaac Hicks, deceased, praying that said Captain Isaac 

Hicks be allowed half pay as an officer in the Revolutionary war; 

which was referred to the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. 

MESSAGE FRO;\! THE HOUSE. 

.A. message from the House of Representatives, by 1\Ir. McPHERSON, 

its Clerk, announced that the House had passed the following bil1'3; 

iu which it requested the concurrence of the Senate: 

A bill (H. R. No. 721) to authorizetheappointmentofV. McXally as an ordnance store-keeper in the Army; 

A bill (H. R. No. 3548) making approprin.tions for the service of 

the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1883, 

and for other purposes ; and 

A bill (H. R. No. 4439) to amend the Revised Sta.tnt.es of the United 

States establishing t.be times, places, and provisions for holcUng terms 

of the district anrl circuit com·ts in the northern district of New 

York. 

The message further announced that the House had passed the bill 

(S. No. 58) forthereliefofWilliam H. Gill. . The message also announced that the House had passed a concur- rent resolution extending the thanks of Congret:~s to Hon. ,James G. 

Blaine for the appropriate memorial address delivered by him on t.he 

life and services of James Abram Garfield, late President of the United 

States. 

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 

:Mr. MORRILL, from the Committee on Finance, to whom wa.s re- ferred t-he bill (S. No. 874) to adopt a device for the purpose of pre-

,·euting a reuse of revenue stamps placed upon malt and spirituous 

liquor ba.rrels and kegs, reported adversely thereon, and the bill was post1wnecl indefinitely. 

1\Ir. McDILL, from the Committee on the District of Columbia, to 

whom was refened the bill (S. No.1191) to provide for great.ereconomy in t,he public expenditure of gas, reported adversely thereon, and 

the bill was postponed indefinitely. 

Mr. MAXEY, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom waR 

referred the bill (S. No. 1210) for the relief of the trustees of Isaac R. 

Trimble, of the city of Baltimore, Maryland, reported it with amendments, and submitted a report thereon, which was ordered to be 

printed. 

CO:\-!MITTEE ON PENSIONS. 

1\fr. TELLER. I am directed by the Committee on Pensions to ask 

leave to sit during the sessions ofthe Senate. Th~re being no objection, leave was granted . 

PERUVIA.J."{1 CHILIA.J.~, .A.J."'ffi BOLIVIA...~ CO)fPLICATIOXS. 

1\fr. WINDOM. I am instrncted by the Committee on Foreign Relations to report the following resolutions, and ask for their present 

consideration : 

Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign Relations be, and it hereby is, instructed to inquire into all the circumstances concerllin~ the alleged loss or abstraction from the office of the Seoret.ru-y of State of cert.nm papers and documents 

mentioned in the messa-ge of the President sent to the Senate on the 26th day of 

January, .A.. D. 1882, ana report thereon, with such recommendations as may ap- pear to it proper in the premises; and that it. inquire into all the circumstances 

of the alleged action of the diplomatic representatives of the United States at the 

Republics of France and Peru in being personally ooncerned in any contracts or arrangements of a public or private nature with the ~o>ernments of either of said 

countries. or with oorporations or associations having relations with, or asserting 

claims against, or grants derived from, either of the same, and also whether any member of Congress or any other officer of the United States has had any personal intere.~t or concern in any of the matters before mentioned, and report thereon, 

with such recommendations as may appear to it proper in the premises. 

Resolved, That for the purpo!'leS named in the foregoing re olutions, any three 

members of said committee !lhall constitute a quorum. Resolved, Tbat said committee have power to send for persons and papers in 

regard to the before-mentioned inquiries, and that it have leave to sit during the 

sittings of the Senate. Re.~olved, That the expenses incurred in the execution of the foregoin~ reso- lutions be pajd Oil the certificate of the chairman of said committee out of the 

appropriation for the contingent expenses of the Senate. 

1\Ir. Wll\Tj)OM. These resolutions reported by the committee cover the resolntio11 referred to it on the motion of the Senator from Delaware, [l\Ir. BAYARD,] and n.lso the statement made by the Senat.or 

from Vermont, [1\Ir. EDMUNDS, 1 who desired on Friday to enlarge the 

scupe of the investigation . .Mr. BA. Y .A.RD. ·wm these resolutions be printed now f 

l\fr. ·wiNDOM. I propose to put them on their passage if there is no objection. 

Mr. BAYARD. Do I nnderst.anrl that these resolutions are tJO be 

referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations Y ' 

Mr. WINDOM. No; this is a report from the committee. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The present consideration of the 

re:>olutions is asketl for. /., 

l\Ir. WINDOM. I will say that the .:esolntion referred to by the 

Senator from Delaware remains bef re the committee. These a.re orig+nal resolutions cov.ering what was asked for by his resolution, 

and also the statement macle by the Senator from Vermont, who 

desired on Friday to enlarge the scope of the inquiry. 

1\Ir. DAY.A.RD. Then I understand, the Senate having beard this 

read but once, that it virtually includes the subject-matter referred 

to in the resolution I offered which went to his committee, and 

amplifies the scope of the inquiry. 

Ml·. WINDOM. These resolutions include that snbject-matter and 

other matters referred to by the Senator from Vermont. 

!lr. B.A.Y.A.RD. I hope the matter will be considered. 

?\IT. INGALLS. This is a. very important subject, and I think the 

resolutions, as they a,re not fully understood, had better go over and 

be printed so that we can all read them. Th~ PRESIDENT pro tempore. The resolutions will go over and be 

printed. MERCHANT VESSELS. 

Mr . .Al~THONY, from the Committee on Printing, reported the following concurrent resolution; which was considered by unanimous 

conaent, and agreed to: 

Resol~:ed 'Qy the Senate, (the House of ReprMentatives concurring,) That 1,000 additional copies of the list of merchant vessels, publi~hed under direction of the 

Secretary of the Treasury, for 1881, be printed for the nse of the Department of 

State. 

PRINTING OF MEMORIAL CARD. 

~IT. SHERMAN submitted the following, which wa,s read: 

Resolved, That there be printed from the engraved plate of the memorial card 

prepared in honor of the late President James Abram Garfield, 5,000 copies for 

distribution by the Senate. 

:Mr. SHERMAN. I suppose that under the rule this will have to 

go to the CommittPe on Printing, although if t.here is no objection 

to it .• I should like to ask for its present consideration. ~IT. EDMUNDS. You cannot do it by unanimous consent under 

the statute. 

Mr. SHER~I.A.N. Very well, let it go to theCommitteeonPrinting. 

The resolution was referred to the Committee on Printing. 

Mr. WINDOM. I am instructed by the Committee on Foreign 

Relations to report back the joint resolution (S. R. No.6) authorizing 

Lieutenant-Commander Charles Dwight Si<Tsbee, United StatesN avy, 

to n,ccept a decoration from the Emperor of Germany, w ithont amend- BILLS INTRODUCED. 

mcnt, anfl to recommend its passage. I also desire to say, and am Mr. l\fc.MlLLA..~ asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave 

req,-:.ested to say, that the Senator from Vermont, [Mr. EDMUNDS,] to introduce a bill (S. No. 1326) for the relief of Edward Corning; 

•;-;rho is a member of that committee, does not agree to the report of which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying paper, 

the committee. referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

The PRESIDENT l»"O tempore. The bill will be placed upon the I Mr. V4-N WYCK asked and, by unanimous consent, obtainedleave 

Calendar. • to introduce a bill (S. No. 1327) for the relief of John Little and Hobart 
-

1472 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 28, 

"\Villiams; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. 

Mr. FRYE asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to 

introduce a bill (S. No. 1328) for the relief of the estate of Henry K. 

Sanger, late United States designated depositary at Detroit, Michigan, and for other purposes; which was read twice by its title, and 

referred to the Committee on Claims. 

Mr. GORMAN asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave 

to introduce a bill (S. No. 1329) to provide for the construction of 

the Maryland and Delaware free ship canal as a means of military 

and naval defense and for commercial PUl'POSes; which was read 

twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Transportation 

Routes to the Seaboard. 

Mr. EDMUNDS asked and, by unanimous consent, ebtained leave 

to introduce a bill (S. No. 1330) to provide for dower in equities of 

redemption in the District of Columbia; which was read twice by 

its title, and refcrroo to the Committee on the Judiciary. 

1\Ir. PLUMB asked and, by unanimous consent, oLtained leave to 

introduce a bill (S. No. 1331) for the relief of H. H. Kidder; which was read twice Ly its title, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

Mr. SLATER (!Jy request) asked and, by nnanimtms consent, oht.ained leave to introduce a bill (S. No. 1332) for the relief of the 

Delaware Indian~ in accordance with treaty stipulations; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Indian 

Afiairs. 

He also (by request) asked and, by nnanimous consent, obtainell 

leave to introduce a bill (S. No. 1333) to authorize the payment to 

the Delaware Indians of the ameunt awarded to them unller the 

provisions of the treaty of July 4, 1866; which was read twice Ly 

its title, ancl referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. 

Mr. FARLEY a-sked and, by unanimous consent, obtained len,ve to 

introduce a bill (S. No. 1334) for the relief of Jesse D. Carr; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying petition, referred to the Committee on Private Land Claims. l.!r. CAMERON, of Wisconsin, asked aud, by unanimous consent, 

obtained leave to introduce a bill (S. No.1335) to establish a railway 

llriclge a,cross the Mississippi River, extending from a point between 

\Vabasha and Reed's Landing, in Minnesota, to a point below the 

mouth of the Chippewa River, in Wisconsin; which was read twice 

by its title, and referred to the Committee on Commerce. 

Mr. VEST asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to introduce a bill (S. No. 1336) to provide for the erection of a public 

building in the city of Hannibal, in the State of Misaouri; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Public 

Buildin<TS and Grounds. 

Mr. INGALLS asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave 

to introduce a bill (S. No. 1337) for the relief of Alfred PleasQIIlton; 

which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

He also (by request) aslred and, by unanimous consent, obtained 

leave to introduce a bill (S. No. 1338) to establish a free kindergarten 

training school, with model kindergarten, in the District of Col urn bia; 

which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Edncation and Labor. 

1\fr. MITCHELL asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave 

to introduce a bill (S. No. 1339) for the relief of Joseph W. Fisher; 

which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on filitary Affairs. 

He also asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to introduce a !Jill (S. No. 1340) for the relief of the heirs-at-law of William 

Downing, deceased; which was read twice by its title, and referred 

to the Committee on Military Affairs. 

He also asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to introduce a bill (S. No. 1341) granting a pension to Anna Maria Young; 

which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

Mr. MORRILL asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave 

to introduce a bill (S. No. 1342) authorizing the trustees of the Isher- wood estate to amend a certain plan of subdivision of said estate, 

recorded in the land records of the District of Columbia; which was reacl twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the District 

of Columbia. Mr. McMILLAN asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave 

to introduce a joint resolution ( S. R. No. 43) :fixing the head of nav- igation of the Minnesota River. in the State of Minnesota; which was read twice by its title. 

Mr. McMILLAN. Thisjointresolutionisintroduced in -pursuance 

of a resolution passed by the Legislature of the State of Minnesota, 

which I have the honor here in :part to represent. I move its refei·- euce to the Committee on Commerce. 

The motion was agreed to. 

PAPERS WITHDRAW~ AND REFERRED. 

On motion of Mr. VANCE, it was 

Ord'Jred, That permission be given to withdraw from the files of tho Senate, 

under the rules, the papers relating to the claim of Mattie S. Whitney. 

On motion of Mr. HAMPTON, it was 

Ordered, That the }Japers of Beverley Kennon, relatinJ! to erection of a '' co an tar- poise battery." now on file in the office of the Secretary o1 the Senate, be with- drawn and 1~erred to the Committee on Military Aifair8. 

On motion of~fr. PLUMB, it was 

Ordered, That the papers in the cases of Lieutenant Stephen O'Connor, ,V. H. 

Morgan, and the Fort Hayes military reservation be taken from the files and 

referred to the Committee on Military .Affairs. · 

On motion ofl\fr. TELLER, it was 

Ordered, That the papers in the ca e of S. Annie Easterbrook be taken from 

the files of the Senate and be referred to the Committee on Pensions. 

On motion of Mr. HAWLEY, it was 

Ordered, That the papers relating to the claim of Frances H. Plummer, now in 

the Senate files, be Withdrawn and referred to the Committee 011 Military .Affairs, no ad verse report having been made thereon. 

MILEAGE OF ARMY OFFICERS. 

l\ir. BECK suLmitted the following resolution, which was xead: 

Whereas the Secretary of War has officially ad vised Congress in the estimates 

for deficiencies that the $:200,000 appropriated for "mileage to officers of the Army" 

for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, ''will be exhausted before the end of February," :md that" much inconvenience may be caused by the inability of the (tbi.) D~partruent to reim bursa officers for expenses incurred while traveling nnder orderR 

after that date," and asks an appropriation of$52,000 to meet the deficiency: Therefore, · Resolved, TbattheSecretaryofWarue, and be is hereby, directed tofurnjsh to the 

Senate forthwith an itetn.i7.ed statement of how, by whom, and under what e:rigency or orders the $200,000 aforesaid ha~ been expended in eight months, and 

whether the estimate of $52,000 will be sufficient for the remaining four months, 

stating his reasons for assuming that $53,000 will suffice to complete the service 

for the fi-scal year. 

Mr. BECK. I a ·k for the present consideration of the resolution. 

Mr. ALLISON. I suggest to the Senator to strike out the word 

"forthwith." I have no doubt the information will be furnished. 

Mr. BECK. I will say "as soon as possible." 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. "As soon as practicable." ~Ir. BECK. That will do; "a soon as practicable." 

The PRESIDENT pro tempo·re. The re olution will be moili.fied so as to read "as soou a practicable." The question is on the res- olution as modified. 

The resolution as modified was agreed to. 

THE BEAUBIE]i GRANT. 

Mr. TELLER. I present a resolution of inquiry, Lut I do not desire that its introduction shall be inferred as any expression of opinion on my part as to the cause of complaint made. The people in ~h~ so~1thern section of Colorado complain that there has been great 

InJUStice done to some of them by the survey of an old Mexican 

grant. The information seems to beunobtainaLle, except by a reso- lution, and therefore I ask for the consideration of the following 

resolution: 

Resolved, That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, instructed to inform the Senate what were the original boundaries of the tract of land lying in 

the State of Colorado on the river Trenchera, patented to Charles Beaubien, said 

~sfs~t~een surveyed by Mr. Oakes as surveyor, with Edwin D. Kellogg as 

.Also how much land is covered by said ori!rinal patent. 

And that the Secretary be further requirM to inform the Senate whether any 

subsequent or second survey of said tract of land, bein~ an old Spanish or Mex1· can grant, has been made, and by whom, and why said subsequent survey was made, and whether the original boundaries of the tract of land granted or patent.eU 

have 9een extended, and how much territory has been included within the tract under the second survey which was not included in the first; and upon what evidence the second survey was ordered, and how many acres Me included within the 

entil·e survey or tract last patented. 

And that the Secretary annex to his response to this resolution a copy of all 

documentary evidence in the Department pertaining to the survey and the" patent or patents of said tract of land, and whether the mineral interest is granted or is 

passed to the patentee nnder this patent; and if so, under what act of Congress said patent was issued. 

The resolution was considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to. 

THE GREE~"E PAPERS. 

1\fr. ANTHONY submitted the following resolution; which was con- sidered by unanimous consent, and agreed to: 

Resolved, That the Committee on the Library be. instructed to inguire into the 

expediency of purchasing the papers of Major-General Nathaniel Groene, of the 

Revolutionary war. 

TARIFF AND TAX COMMISSION. 

:Mr. SLATER. I desire to give notice that on Friday next, athalf 

past one o'clock, I shall call up the bill (S. N6. 22) toprovideforthe 

appointment of a commission to investigate the question of the tariff 

and internal revenue laws for the purpose of submitting some re- marks. THE CALENDAR. 

The PRESIDENT p1·o tempo1·e. If there be no further "concurrent 

and other resolutions" the morning hour is declared ended, ::Lnd the 

Anthony rule takes effect. The Senate will proceed to the consideration of the Calendar nnder the Anthony rule, and the fir t bill in 

order will be called. 

Mr. McPHERSON. The bill(S. No. 12) to establish antl eqnalize the grades and regulate appointments and promotions in the Marine Corps I believe was passed on the Calendar without prejudice. Per- haps we shall have time to consider it this morning. 

Mr. DAVIS, of West Vir~inia. I hardly think we ought to «o Lack on the Calendar. We ought to go right straight along. 0 

The PRESIDENT pro tempo1·e. That bill was not passed without 

prejudice. It was objected to, and the Senate does not go back to 

it. ex~ept by >~nanimous consent. 

Mr. McPHERSON. I ask unanimous consent. 

Mr. ROLLINS. I suggest that it will hartily be p<n>sible to con· sider that bill this mornll4l. 
1882~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1473 

PERJ\'!Al\"'ENT Al\"'D Th"'DEFI~"'ITE APPUOPRIATIOXS. 

The PRESIDENT Jn·o tempore. The first uill to be taken up in 

onler is the bill (S. No. 403) to repealcertainlawsrelatingtopermanent and indefinite-appropriations. Mr. EDMUNDS. That is a bill ofsuch general public importn.nce 

that it ongbt not to be considered under the five-minute rule. 

Mr. DAVIS, of 'Vest Virginia. Will the Senator from Vermont 

bear me a moment before be objects¥ This i a bill from the Committee on Appropriations--

Mr. ED~IU'i'.-rnS. I understand it perfectly. 

Mr. DAVIS, of West Virginia. But I want to say one word. The 

hill, -='cnators will recollect, passed the Senate at the last Congress 

after an amendment had been adopted which was offered by my 

friend from Vermont., [ Ir. MORRILL.] The Committee on Appropriations again considered the bill at this session, and were unani- mon in their report of it to the Senat-e. The Senator from Ohio [Mr. 

SuER:\IA.~] understands the bill very well, having 1·ecommended it 

·while he was Secretary of the Treasury. 

I will say to my friend from Vermont [:l\fr. Emru:m>s] that it is 

important we should pa s the bill at an early day, so that it may go 

to the House and be acted on there at this session. As the Senator 

from Vermont probably knows, it repeals perhaps a hundred acts 

that have grown up since the formation of the Government, under 

which money now goes from the Treasury without Congress passing 

npon the e:>:penditure. Between five and six million of customs 

duties that are collected annually are expended by a general appropriation which Congress has no means of supervising or looking over. It is tbongbt best to have the supervision of Congress in all 

such cases. I hope the Senator from Vermont will not object to the 

bill, and that it may pass the Senate at this time. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Debate is not in order if there is 

objection to the present consideration of the bill. 

:Jlr. EDl\HJl\D~. I feel it to be a duty to object to the consideration of the bill under the .five-minute rule. I will vote with the 

Sena.tor to take it up, and to ta.ke it up now, if he likes, and proceed 

with it in the same way that we proceed with other bills of general 

public importance anrl of considerable difficuLty in regard to the 

details. Uy onl,v poiut is tha.t we ought not to be hampered by auy 

1ive-minnto rule auout it. 

Mr. DAVIS, of"Tcst Virginia. Then, at the suggestion of the Senator, at avl'.ry early day, in behalfofthepublio Treasury, this being a ~eneral bill and for general purposes and not an individual bill, I 

shall move to ta.ke it up. 

M.r. ED~1UNDS. I am in favor of the general bill, so far as that 

is concernetl. 

'\\"'ILLLUI L. NAXCE. 

The PRESIDENT pr·o tmnpore. The next bill on the Ca.lendar is 

the uill (S . .t\o. 5) for the relief of William L. Nance, which will be 

pa sed over because reported adversely from the Committee on Claims. 'I he next bill on the Calendar will be announced. 

fr. FRYE. Why was Senate bill No. !) passed over Y 

The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. Becauaeitwasreportedadversely. 

1\Ir. FRYE. But is it notnecessaryto dispose of those cases when 

reached l 

The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. The bill is subject to an objection, 

aml such bills are not usually called. The Chair can have the bill 

called. 

l\lr. HOAR. I tlesiretosuggesttotheChairthatwhiletheadverse 

report placed on the Calendar indicates that there is a. difference of 

opiuion about the acceptance of the report (otherwise it would be 

accepted when first submitted) it does not necessarily indicate that 

there is a deHire of any Senator that it should not be discussed and 

explainetl under the five-minute rule. It would be much more con- venient. to the Committee on Claims certainly, of which I am a mem- ber, to have the cases taken up where there are adverse reports, if 

•no Senator objects. I desire to make that suggestion to the ChaiT. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair would state, from information, that an adverse report is considered as an objection, and 

that bills reported adversely have always gone over when reached; 

that t.hey have never been considered under the Anthony rule. l\fr. HOAR. The Chair will see that an adverse report is not an objection, if I m:ty be permitted to differ the with Chair. 

The PRESIDENT pro tmnp01·e. The bill will be called. 

The ACTIXG SECRETARY. A bill (S. No.5) for the Telief of William L. Nance. 

Mr. INGALLS. As an ad verse report from the committee ha-s 

always been considered equivalent to an objection, I object to the 

wnsideration of that bill. 

The PRESIDENT p1·o temporP-. The Chair supposed it would be 

oujectP.d to. The next bill on the Calendal' will be announced. 

THO:\IAS F. RIL.EY. 

The bill (S. Ko. 453) for the relief of Thomas F. Riley was announced as next in order upon the Calendar. 

Mr. EDMUNTIS. That is one of those disputable cases. It had 

better go over. The PRESIDENT pro te1npore. The bill goes O\cr on objection. 

FR.JU..'X P. GROSS. 

The bill ( S. No. 83) for fhe relief of Lieutenant }rank P. Gross was 

~III-93 

consideretl as in Committee of the Whole. It authorizes the Secre· 

tary of War to ascertain the value of the property lost by First Lientenant Frank P. Gross, United States ATmy, by the bmning of his 

quarters at Fort Clark, Texas, on or about the 19th of April, 186Y. without fault or neglect on his part, and appropriates the amount so ascertained for that purpose; but no allowance shall be made for 

any property except what was useful, necessary, and proper for such 

?'n o!£cer while in quarters engaged in the public service, or exceedmg m amount . 2,000. 

Mr. EDMUNDS. Let us hear the report. 

Mr. PLln.IB. I uesire to a k the attention of the Senator who 

reported the l>ill to its wordiHg. I think it does not cover the point 

that he perhaps bad in view. The bill seems to decide that the loss 

of clothing had been without the fault of Lieutenant Gross, and 

leaves only to the Secretary of War the determination of the amount 

of that lo s. I suppose it must have been intended that the Secretary of \Var should determine the two questions, First, whether the 

losd was w-ithout the fault of Lieutenant Gross; and, second, the 

amount of loss. I suggest that the bill should be amended in that 

particular so as to give the Secretary authority to investio-ate both 

questions, because no investigation, in the very nature o

0

f things, 

could have been had sat:i factorily before the committee. 

The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. The report will be read at there- quest of the Senator from Vermont. The Chair would inform the 

Senator from Vermont, however, t.hat this is a long report. 

Mr. EDMUNDS. That is just the reason why I wish to hear it. 

The PRESIDENT pro ten~p01·e. The report will be r ead'. The Principal Legislative Clerk proceeded to read the report submitted by :Mr. CocKRELL January 17, 1882, as follows: 

The Committee on Military .Affairs, t~ which was referred the bill (S. No. 83) for the relief of Lieutenant Frank P. Gross, has carefully considered the same and submi~s the f~llowin!! re:port: . . ' . A bil.l was mtroduced m the Senate m the Forty-sixth Congress for the relief ot First Lieutenant Frank P. Gro s, and was referred to the Committee on Military 

foff~r:· whlch t:orumittee on March 30, 1880, submitted the following report thereon, 

"This bill directs the Secretary of the Treasury to pay to First Lieutenant Frank P. G~oss , U~ted States Army, $2,000, in full for all losses sustained by him by tlJe lmrnmg of his quarters at Fort Clark, Texas, about .April!!), 1860. Your commit- tee referred the bill to the Secretary of War for information, and received from him tile following communication : "W .AR DEP AR'l'MEXT 

"Tla.shington City, Aiay 16, ·1879. 

"Sm: I have the honor to return Senate bill 74, for the relief of Lieutenant Frank P. Gro.ss, Ninth Ca>alry, inclosed in your letter of the 1st ultimo, and to invite your attention to the inclosed report of the Arljutant-General, furnishing all the informa- tion in the case in possession of this Department. "As it appears this officer lost all his personal effects by the burning of hi~ quar- ters at Fort Clark, it would seem that the bill should receive favorable considera- tion. 

"Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

"G. W. McCRARY, 

"Secretary of War. "Ron. F. M. COCKRELL, 

'' Oornmittee on Milit.ary .Affairs, United States Senate. 

"ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICR, 

"Washington, May 15, 1879. 

"SIR: I have the honor to return. herewith, communication from Ron. F. M. COCKRRLL, ofthe Senate Military Committee, dated Aprill, 1879, co>ering Senat6 bill 74, for the r"lief of Lieutenant F. P. Gross, and to report as follows : "No. information as to ~e fire at Fort Clark, Texas, on or about A pril19, 1869, 

by which the quarters of Lteutenant Gro s were destroyed, has been found, upon examination, in this office or that of the Quartermaster-G'eneral, or at post or depart- ment headquarters. ·• It ha:IDg been reported by the present post commander that CaptainJohnM. 

Bacon, Nmth Cavalry, wascommandingthepost, andLieutenantF. P. Gross, Ninth 

Cavalry, post adjutant, at the date in question, the matter was referred to Colonel Bacon. (now aid-de-camp to the General of the Army,) who reports as follows, under date of May 14, 1879: 

"'Respectfully returned to the Adjutant-General, with the information that I was present aml commanding the post at Fort Clark, TexM, on or about Aprill9 

1869, at which time the quarters occupied by Lieutenant F. P. Gross, Ninth United States Ca-valry, were destroyed by fire. "' Lieutemint G1·o>;s had heen regularly assigned for quarters to a log house of two rooms, With thatchPd roof: the fire originated in tlte roof, composed of dry grass or straw, by sparks from his cooking-stove, and burned with such rapidity that the occupants (Lie tenant Gwss, wife, and daughter) only escaped with their lives, losing their bouselJOld goocls and perRonal effects. "'The effory;s of the ~arrison ,~·ore clirected (to~), and succcedecl in, saving the valuable hospital the nearest umlding. "'Lieutenant d-ross and family wore the only sufferers by the fire.' "I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, "E. D. TOWNSE:i\"D, 

"The Hon. SECRETARY OF WAR. 

".Adjutant-General. 

"The claimant, Gross, filed with his bill theaffidavitofColouelJohn M. Bacon, dated January 1,1870, who testifies that Ueutenn:nt Gross was regularl.v assigned to the quarters, and that the,Y were destroyed by tire on or ahout April!!), 18ti0. nntl that nearly a-!J the personal em~cts of Lientenn.ut. Gro,:;s antl family were dt'l>t'i'oyecl at the sa~e time, and that the fim wa:i purely the resnlt of accident., cau,;ed uy the combustible material cowpo;;in~ the roof of tho building; also, the aliid:.wit of F. S. David on, first lieutenant Nintll Cavalry, and late actin.'! a ·sista.ntlJU3rtorma!'- ter, Fort Clark, T exas, who testifies that the qu.1.rtersof Lieutenant Gro,.. at Fort Clark, Texas, were burned on or about AprilW,I86!J, and, 'vith the buildiu~ uearlv all his personal fleet , top:etlJer with the warrlrohe of ills wife aml ehilcl. aml tlw't the firo was the result of acciclout, aiHl eutlrel,y unavoidable ou aecuuut of tl10 illflammable mat!lrial n eel in roofing the build in~, and that tho buil1liug was ol1l an1l almo tentit·ely unsen-ice.-'l.ble as officers' quartors, having bee11 nsctl b,v troops of the Fourth Cavalry and others as barracks. .Ah;o, the atliflavits of UtYille Burke l3;te C!lptn.in Companv U, Forty·first Unitec..l States !l.lfantry, ancl of Jennie 13urkt': hiS Wife, each datec..l March 25, 18<0. Captain llru-ke testifi<'s tllat Ito was stationcc..l at :Fort Clark, Texas, and that on or about April 1!), 1869, th" quarters at tllat post regular~y assigned to ap.d occupied by Lieutenant Gro s were (lestroyed by 

) 
1474 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 2S, 

fire, aml"that, l1is quarters being contiguous, he was the first to discover the fire 

in the thatching composing the roof, and rm•hed into the quarters and found 

the ceilin.,. of the quarters already on fire, being composed of muslin or canvas, and that 'burning J?ieces were falling, so that, although every effort wa-s made, 

ouly a trunk containina a few articles was saved; and that, in his opinion, the 

fire occurred from spar'irs blown from the kitchen chimney of the hospital building adjacent, and that when he first discovered the blaze It was near the comb of 

the roof at the end next to the hospital; and that a strong wind was blowing at the time; and that he was well acquainted with Lieutenant Gross and his family and household affairs, and knows that Gross 'was well supplied with all articles 

necessary to the comfort of his family, and that he was especially well supplied with clothing, military and otherwise, and t.hat his wife and dauJ?hter were still more abundantly provided for, all of which, with trifling exceptions, were con- sumed with the quarters,' and that he is satisfied that Gross's loss could not have 

been less than $2,000, and that it was not the result of carelessness or negligence on the part of any member of his family ; and that, from the knowledge of the facts, 

the said fire was the inlmediate result of neglect on the part of the Government- on tlle part of its officers-in assigning Lieutenant Gross to quarters which were so peculiarly liable to be dest:oyed by fire, owing 1":0 their proximity to the hosyi- tal kitchen flue already mentioned, and the thatching of grass or straw of which 

the roof was composed. Mrs. Jennie Burke testifies that she was intimate with 

the family of Lieutenant Gross, and had personal knowledge of the affairs of his 

family, and 'that in household effects they were abundantly supplied for a long residence on the frontier, and that in the matter of clothing the f.tmily was partic- ularly well supplied, especially so in the case of Mrs. Gross. who had many valuable dresses, and in other matters of dress making up a lady's wardrobe she was equally well supplied; so that from her knowledge of the expense attending the 

purchase of such an outfit as they had, the loss of the family by fire must have 

been considerably above $2.000;' and 'that a very small quantity of all tbev pos- sessed was savea from tlie flanies; ' and that tlie quarters were old and ili1apiclated, roofed with a thatching of grass and celled with muslin, and brullow chim· 

ney-flues, barely extendin~ two feet above the thatching, and she believes the fire 

originated from a spark bemg blown into the thatching; and that Lieutenant Gross 

and fan1ily were very care~ about fire, and that 'it oc~urred thr<?ugh no want of care on their part, bnt was liable to be burned at any time by flymg sparks from 

the flues of the hospital kitchen, over which Lieutenant Gross had no control.' 

" Lieutenant Gross furnishes the following schedule of property lost by said fire, 

to-wit: 

:Mr. COCKRELL. I suggest that the list of property lost need not 

be read. 

Mr. EDMUNDS. There is no need of that being read. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. That part of the report will be 

omitted. 

The Principal Legislative Clerk continued the reading of the report, 

as follows: 

''I certify on honor that the foregoing enumerated articles were burned with my 

quarters at Fort Clark, Texas, at the time above mentioned, and that the prices set oppomte each item are correct and just to the best of my recollection and belief. I 

further certify that my loss was considerably greater than this paper shows, as, after the lapse of so many years, neitlier my wife nor myt~elf can recaJI every article 

destroyed, and many will not adinit of being inventoried, so I confidently belieYe 

that $200 in addition to the above would not cover our entire loss. 

"FRANK P. GROSS, "Firat Lieutenant, United States Army. (Retired.) 

• • Y ouT committee find that the said fire occurred without any fault or negligence on the pru1. of said Gross or family, and could not have been prevented by the ex- eroi. e of reat~ouable care and attention and dne dilijl;ence on the part of sald Gross, 

and that he can in no wise be chargeable with any: responsibility therefor. 

"The quarters occupied by him were old and of exceedinaly mflammable mate- rial, very easily ignited, and were set on fire by sparks from the hospital chimneys, whioh was liable t~ 0ccur at any time when the wind was blowing m the direction 

from the hospital toward the quarters. "Your committee further find that Lieutenant Gross was assigned to these 

quarters, and they were the onl:y shelter, protection, or quarters furnished him, 

and under his orders be had no discretion but to occupy them. 

"Your committee gave due consideration to this case and made as thorough exan~­

ination as time and opportunities would afford as to the policy and precedents of 

the Government in similar cases. Your committee find that by' An a~t for the 

relief of sundry pel'f'ons in the service of the United States in consequence of the 

llesti11ction of their tools by fire at the navy-yard, appro>ed March 3, 1815,' (6 StatutE's at Large, page 155,) a sum not to exceed $5,000 was appropriated to pay 'all 

clanns for losses that have been sustained by artificers, mechanics, and other work- men in the employ or service of the United States for tools and otller articles essen- tial to and connected with their trade and occupation which have been destroyed by fire in consequence of burning the buildings of the navy-yard in the city of 

Washington;' and that by' An actfortherelief of John Crosby and John Crosby, 

jr., approved April 26, 1816,' (6 Statutes at Large, _pa~es 167 and 168,) 'the proper accounting officers of the Navy Department were ru.rected to settle the claim of 

John Crosby and John Crosby,]r., on account of the destruction by fire of their 

store-house, goods, and wharf in the town of Han1pden, in the State of Massachusetts, and to allow them in settlement thereof the value of said property destroyed as aforesaid.' · " Your committee further find that the following acts were passed by Congress in 1832, to wit : 

Ur. EiHIUNDS. I do not a k the Secretary to read the acts of 

Congre s that are supposed to be similar to this. He can pass those 

over, as far as I am concerned. 

The PRESIDENT p?·o tempore. They will be pa-ssed over. · The Principal Legislative Clerk resumed and concluded the reading of the report, as follows: 

''With this long list of precedents, your committee does not feel willing to make 

Lieut.enaut Gross an exception. Your committee holds tha,t no allowance should 

be made for any property not necessary and proper for Lieutenant Gross while in 

the service, in the line of duty; and not being able to determine from the evidence 

what articles claimed and destroyed were nseful, necessary, a.nd proper for such an officer while in the public service, or the exact value thereof, your committee 

recommend a substitute, lly stri1..-ing out all after the enacting clause and inserting the following, to wit: 'That the &cretary of War is hereby authorized and re- quired to ascertain the value of the property lost by First Lieutenant Frank P. 

Gross, United States Army, by the burning of his quarters at Fort Clark, Texas, on or about the 19th day of ~pril, 1869, withou~ fault or neglect on his part, and 

the an1ount so ascertained IS hereby appropnated for that purpose: Provided, 

That no allowance be made for any property except what was useful, neces.~ry, 

and proper for such an officer while in quru·ters, engaged in tlie public service, or exceeding in an1ount the sum of $2,000. 

"Your committee recommend the passage of AAirl substitute." 

It will be seen that the bill now under c:onsidera.tion is an e:xa.ct copy of the sub· 

stitnte recommended and adopted by the committee in its report to the Forty-sixth Congress, which substitute passed the Senate on the 5th da.y of June, 1880. 

The committee bas again carefully considered the question, and sees no reason why it should not adhere to the report and findings of the former committee. 

The bill is therefore reported bacK: to tlie Senate without an1endment, and with 

the recommendation that it do pass. 

Mr. PLUMB. I move to amend the bill by striking out, in line 7, 

after the worqs " 1~39," the words : 

Without fault or neglect on his part; and the an1ount so ascertained is hereby appropriated for that purpose. 

And inserting in lieu thereof ~he following : 

And whether t.be san1e was on account of the fault or neglect of tlie Gov<'rnment, and if with or on account of the neglect of the Government, the amount. of 

11aid loss is hereby appropriated for. 

I have glanced cursorily over the acts which are cited a precedents for this measure, and I do not think that they sustain the view 

of the committee on this bill. None of them assumes that the appropriation is made on account of the lack of neglect merely on t.be 

part of the person who suffered the los , but they stand on the ground 

of direct neglect on the part of the Government. 

The report in this case goes on to say, among other things tending 

to establish the liability of the Government, that this officer was quartered in a building which had a thatched roof. That would be one degree of neglect probably on the part of the Government, and 

another would be having a building for officers' quarters that could 

be burned at all. It would not be a neglect on the part of the officer 

that he was quartered in a building which could be burned. It might 

not be neglect on the part of the Government to furnish an officer 

that kind of a. building as his quarters. 

I do not understand that the Government becomes an insurer against 

all contingencies of the service which may result in the loss of property to an officer or to a private soldier. It would seem to be going a great way to say that the Government should be liable on the sole 

condition that the officer himself has been guHty of no neglect. The 

neglect might have been that of a. servant; it rn.ight have been that 

of a brother officer; it might have been that of some person entirely 

disconnected with the military service; and yet if it could be shown 

that in his case it was not the neglect of the officer who suffered the 

loss the Government would be liable, although it might be any one of a dozen persons over whom the Government had no responsibility whatever. · 

This principle if once conceded would go a great way. A man may 

have his mess kit, his clothing, his camp and garrison equipage piletl 

up in a wagon, and it may be lost through the neglect or fault of 

the teamster, or of some other person; it maybe stolen; and in that 

event yon would have established a. rule which would relieve an offi- cer from any possible care that he would have for his own effect . He would have no inducement whatever to exercise any kind of diligence or care in regard to the loss of his property, because the Government would be an insurer against everything except his OWl'l 

positive acts of neglect, and thus the Government would be payincr 

for second-hand clothing, for the various articles broken or destroyed 

upon the frontier post , and would become the proprietor in that 

way, as insurance companies become the proprietors in their way, 

of all the articles which might be destroyed or which had ceased 

to be of any use to the various officers who had bought them and 

who did not care any longer to be re ponsible for them or to have 

them in use. I think that if the Government is to be under any liability at all, 

it ought to be on account of the affirmative act or the actual positive 

neglect ofthe Government of a kind and description which the offi- cer himself could not avoid by the exercise of a reasonable diligence 

and care on his part; and beyond that certainly"f;here ought to be 

no liability what.f'ver. 

1\lr. COCKRELL. The Committee on Military Affairs simply paraded a long line of precedents, beginning in 1815 and continuing' 

uninterruptedly and nnbroken1y up to this time, and they do not es- tablish the principle that the Government is an insurer of the property of its officers. In this case the question was investigated by tha 

committee as to whether Captain Gross was at fault, whether this 

fire occurred by reason of fault or neglect on his part, and found as a fact that it did not so occur. If it b.ad occurred by reason of any 

fault or neglect on the part of his family or his servants or employes, 

it would have been his own act in the estimation of the committee, 

and they would not, therefore, have exculpated him from fault or neulect. f have no objection individually that the que tion of default or neglect should be submitted to the Secretary of War, but the com- mittee has already passed upon that question with the evidence before it, and this bill is bette1· guarded than almost any such bill that 

ha-s been passed. .Most of the bills that have heretofore been pMS d 

did not restrict the Secretary of \Var as to the character of articles 

to be paid for. This bill does restrict him: 

Provided, That no allowance be made for a.ny property except what was useful, 

necessary, and proper for such an officer while in quarters, engaged in the publio service, or exceeding in an1ount the sum of $2,000. 

The Senator from Kansas seeiJlB to misunderstand the position of 

t.he committee in regard to the question of fault or neglect. If there 

had been fault or neglect on the part of Captain Gross's family, or any em11loye of his, 1t would have ueen cons1uereu by the committee 
1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1475 

RH his fanlt and neglect; and therefore I do not see any necessity for 

the \)road amendment which has been offered by the Senator from 

Kansas. At his suggestion I had proposed individually, not as representjng the Military C@mmittee, to offer this amendment myself 

which would meet, I think, more fully than the Senator's amendment 

does, any question in regard to negligence. After" 1869," in line 7, 

insert: 

And whether such burning occurred without fault or neglect on his part; and 

if so, the amount so ascertained is hereby appropriated for that purpose. 

I suggest to the Senat.or that that amendment will fully cover the 

question. 

Mr. PLUMB. That does cover one brancbofthe question, but does 

not cover the point which is raised as to whether it may not have 

been the neglectofsomebodyelse forwhom the Governmentwasnot 

responsible at all. 

The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. Will the Senator from Kansas state 

llis amendment again Y 

Mr. PLUMB. After "1869," in line 7, I move to insert: 

.And whether the same was on account of the fault or neglect of the Government, and if with or on account of the neglect of the Government, the amount of 

&'\id loss is hereby appropriated. 

The PRESIDE!I."'T pro tempore. The question is on the amendment 

proposed by the Senator from Kansas. 

The question being put, there were, on a division-ayes 11, noes 

22; no quormn votinu. 

Mr. EDMUNDS aB:i Mr. PLUMB called for the yeas and nays. 

Mr. TELLER. I think if we have another standing vote there 

will be a quorum. 

Mr. EDMUNDS. I think we had better have the yeas and nays; 

it is an important question. 

The yeas and nays were ordered; and being taken, resulted-yeas 

24, nays 35; as follows: YEA~24. 

Bayard, 

Blair, 

Brown, 

Butler, 

Camden, 

Coke, 

Aldrich, 

.Allison, 

.Anthony, 

Beck, 

Call, 

Cameron of Wis., 

Cockrell, 

Con~er, 

DaVIs of Illinois, 

Edmunds, 

George, 

Groome, 

Ingalls, 

.Jackson, 

Kellogg, 

McDill, 

Morrill, 

Plumb, 

Pugh, 

R.ollins, 

Saulsbury, 

N.AYS--35. 

Davis of W. Va., 

Dawes, 

Ferry, 

Frye, 

Garland, 

Grover, 

Hampton, 

Hams, 

Harrison, 

Hawley, 

Hoar, 

.Johnston, 

.Jo1la8, 

.Jones of Florida, 

La~f· M . au,. 

Maxey, 

Miller of Cal., 

.ABSENT-17. 

Sawyer, 

Slater, 

Teller, 

Vance, 

VanWyck, 

Vest. 

MillerofN. Y., 

Mitchell, 

Platt, 

Sewell, 

Sherman, 

Voorhees, 

Walker, 

Windom. 

Cameron of ra., Hill of Colorado, McPherson, Saunders, 

Fair, Hill of Georgia, Mahone, Williams. 

Farley, Jones of Nevada, Morgan, 

Gorman, Lamar, Pendleton, 

Hale, Logan, Ransom, 

So the amendment was rejected. 

Mr. COCKRELL. Now I offer, not as the representative of the ~lilita'ry Committee, but simply as an individual, and in deference to 

the wishes of the Senator from Kansas, this amendment, which I have no doubt will result in finding just what the committee has found. 

That committ-ee has found that there was no fault or neglect; still, 

individually, I am willing to have that question hereafter left to the 

Secretary of War. After '' 1869" I would insert '' and whether such 

burning occurred," and after the word "and" in line 8, to insert "if 

so;" so as to read: 

That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized and required to ascertain the 

value of the property lost by First Lieutenant Frank P. Gross, United States 

Army, by the burning of his qnarters at Fort Clark, Texas, on or about the 19th 

day of .April, 1869, and whether such humin~ occurred without fault or neglect on his part; and, if so, the amount so ascertained is hereby appropriated for that purpose. 

Mr. l\IAXEY. That question was thoroughly examined by the com- mittee and it is a question for judicial settlement. It was settled 

by the committee with all the facts before them. I as one member of 

that committee do not care to submit my judgment on that question 

to the revision of the Secretary of War or anybody else in the nature 

of a court of appeal. The question was settled and properly and 

-wiRely, as I believe, by the committee. Mr. COCKRELL. The Senator from Texas will permit me in his 

time to say that I stated that fact heretofore that it wasfullyinvestiga.ted by the committee and that the committee found as a fact that 

there was no fault or neglect on the part of the officer. I do not insist. on the amendment, but I suggest it. 

Mr. MAXEY. The point I make is that that question having un- dergone judicial investigation by the committee, it is not proper to 

submit therr conclusion for revision t.o any Secretary as an appellate 

court; and I am opposed to it. 

1\!r. EDl\IUNDS. I should like to know on what ground it is that 

the United States is called upon to be the insurer of every officer's 

property in all the quarters over the whole of this Republic Y I should 

be glad to get some information upon that point. Here it appears on the report of the committee, that this officer with his wife and 

c.hildlen wa 0~~upying quarters at a military post. By a me1·a 

accident the quarters took fire because the roof was thatched with 

straw or some kind of-thatch. We all know that quarters take fire 

when roofs are not thatched with straw; we know that quarters 

take fire when they are covered with slate; we know that accidents 

by fire will continually happen. Now what I wish to know is upon 

what ground it is that the United States on the principle of this bill 

is to become an insurer of the property of every person engaged in 

its service T 

Mr. HAWLEY. I with great deference say anything in reply to a question from such a lawyer a the Senator from Vermont, [Mr. 

EDMUNDS,] but I think that I might suggest this as one reason: that 

the officer is at no liberty whatever to choose his quarters. It strikes me that that is an equitable rea on. If he were at liberty to say "I 

will go and take au adobe house with a slate 1·oof out there, a good 

fire-proof building and take good care of my family," it would be 

quite another question; but he goes exactly where he is assi~ed. 

:Mr. PLUMB. Similarly everybody in that country is obliged to 

take the best hotel and the only hotel he can get ; for there is but one hotel, and consequently the hotel keeper ought ~o be liable for 

the same reason. The PRESIDENT p1·o temp01·e. The question is on the amendment 

of the Senator from Missomi, [Mr. COCKRELL.] 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The bill was reported to the Senate as amended and the amendment was concurred in. 

The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the 

third time, and passed. 

EDWARD P. YOLLU~I. 

The bill (S. No . .293) for the relief of Edward P. Vollum was con- sidered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to require the 

Secretary of 'Var to ascertain the value of toe property lost by 

Assistant Sur~eon Edward P. Vollum, oftheArmy, who, while under 

orders of the War Department, was on board the brig Fawn, bound 

for Fort Umpqua, Oregon Territory, when she was wrecked, on the 

21st of November, 1856 ; and the am<mnt so ascertained is to be paid; 

but no allowance is to be made for any property except what was useful, necessary, and proper for such an officer while on the voyage ano engaged in the public service, and tlle aggregate amount allowed 

is not to exceed 700. 

Mr. EDMUNDS. Let us hear the report. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The report will be read. 

The Principal Legislative Clerk read the following report, submitted by Mr. CocKRELL on the 17th of January: 

The Committee on Military .Affairs, to whom was referred t.he bill (S. No. 293) 

for the relief of Edward P. Vollum, have duly considered the same, and submit 

the following report: In the Forty-sixth Congress a similar bill was before your committee, and the 

followin a report was made, to wit: 

"In t'&e Forty-fifth Congress a similar bill was introduced and referred to the 

Committee on Military .Affaus, and the following report was then made by sai(l 

committee to the Senate: " • This bill requires the Secretary of War to ascertain the value of the property 

lost by .Assistant Surgeon Edward P. Vollnm, who, while under orders of the War Department, was on board the brig Fawn, bound for Fort Umpqua, Washin&ton 

Territory, when she was wrecked, on the 21st dayofNovember,l856, and proVIdes 

for the payment of such sum: Provided, That·no allowance be made for any prop- erty except what was useful, necessary, and proper for such an officer while on the voyage and engaged in the public service. • "• Your committee referred the bill to the Secretary of War, and received full 

information t.ouching the premises, and through him the following report of the 

.Adjutant-General, to wit: " 1 WAR DEPARTlffi~, 

" '.AnJUTANT·GR.~RAL'S OFFICE, " 1 WIUhington, April4, 1878. 

" 1 Sm: I have the honor to return herewith communieation of March 26. 1878, 

from Hon. George E. Spencer, chairman Senate Committee on Military .Affairs, 

and aecompanying petition of .Asistant Surgeon (now Surgeon) E. P. Vollnm, for 

reimbursement of value of personal property lost by the wreck of the brigantine 

Fawn, in November, 1856, and to report as follows: " 1 ~jor-General Wool's report of the lo~s of the Fawn, ~laden with military 

stores, aml on which Surgeon Vollnm was a passenger.) with the papers therein 

referred to, is published in Ex. Doc. No. 76, Honse of Representatives, Thirty· 

fourth Congress, third session, pages 250-252. . '

1 1 The reports in question, toge'ther with the copies of letters transmitted herewith, furnish all the information bearing on Surgeon Vollum's petition afl:orded 

by the records of this office. " 1 I have the honor to be, sir, ve-ry respectfully, your obedient servant, " I E. D. TOWNSEND, 

" 1 The honorable SECRETARY OF WAR.' " 1 .Adjutant-General. 

"FORT UMPQUA, 0. T., December 16, 1856. 11 SIR: I have the honor very respectfully to Lty before you the following state- ment and request: 

"On the 21st day of November last, while traveling to this post, pursuant to Special Orders No. 117, dM.ed He-tdqnarters Department of the Pacilic, Benicia, 

Cal., October 16, 1856, I was shipwrecked off the mouth of the inslau River, 0. 

T., and sustained a Jo. sin 1>ersonal property to the amount of$700. 

"I respectfully request that yon will call 'the attention of the Secretary of W:~r 

to my loss, !lDd the ci.rcnmstances nuder wbi •h it occurrecl, with a requeHt t.liat he 

present a claim to Congres in my behalf for the above amount. "I have the honor, very respectfully, to be your obe1lient ~<w>ant, 

"EDW. P. VOLLUM, 

"Assistant. urgeon U.S. A " Col. S. COOPER, "Adjutant-General U. S . .A., Washington, D. 0. 

" [Indorsements.] 

"Respectfttlly trall8mitted, with the earnest recomml.'lmlation that it may meet with the support of the prOJ>er authorities. Between this plaee and San F:ranci.t!oo 
, 

1476 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUAUY 28, 

there is no means of communication upon which an officer can rely for getting 

from one to the other point except sail vessels. 

" Very respectfully, "J. STEWART, 

" Captain Third .Artillery, Oomm{Lnding. 

"Approved and respectfully forwarded. 

"JOHN E. WOOL, Major-General. "F~r letter April 21, 1857-reply to foregoing-see page 3. 

".ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S O:FFICE, 

"Washington, January 1, 1858. 

"Sm: At the request of As istant Surgeon E. P. Vollum, medical department, 

United States Army, I have the honor herewith to transmit to yon, as cha~an 

of the Committee on Military Affairs on the part of the Senate, the memonal of 

that officer for reimbursement of losses sustained by him b:y the wreck of a trans- port upon which he was proceeding from San Francisco, California, to Umpqua 

City Oregon, in the month of N o>ember, 1856. 

' " I am, sfr, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

"S. COOPER, .Adjutant-General. 

"Ron. JEFFERSON DAVIS, 

"Vhairman Military Committee, United States Senate, 

"Washington, I>. 0. 

"ADJUT.Al\"T-GEXERAL'S OFFICE, 

"Wa~hington, January 1, 1858. 

" Sm : The memorial and accompanying papers forwarded with your letter of 

November 1 1857, have been transmitted to Ron. Jefferson Davis, chairman of the 

Committee ~n Military Affairs on the part of the Senate, this being the disposi.tion of them deemed to be the best for the attainment of the purpose yon have m VIew. 

"I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

'' S. COOPER, .Adjutant-General. 

"Assistant Surgeon E. P. VOLLUM, United States Army, "Fort Umpqua, 0. T. 

".Al>JUT.Al\""T-GlTh""ERAL'S OFFICE, 

·• Washington, .April29, 1858. 

• • Sm: I transmit herewith a letter whlch has been received from Assistant Surgeon E. P. Vollnm, United States Army, inclosinu an account in detail of his 

lm;ses at sea in November, 1856, to be placed with ti:.e memorial of that officer for 

reimbursement of said losses, which was sent to the Military Committee of the 

Senate with my letter of January 7, 1858. 

"I am, srr, very respectfu.ily, your obedient serv:l(nt, 

"S. COOPER, .Adjutant-General. 

"J. F. CALLAN, Esq., "Clerk .Jfili.tartJ Committee, Se-nate, Washington, D. 0. 

'' .ADJUTANT·GE:NERAL'S OFFICE, 

" Washington, April21, 1857. 

"SIR: Your letter of tbe16thof Decemberla.strelativetothelo sesyonsustained 

by shipwreck in the month of November, 1856, was not received until the2d ultimo, too late to pennit any action in the matter at the late ses ion of Congress. •' I am now inRtrncte<l to inform you that your petition for relief should be made 

direct to Conj:;l'ess, and may be addressed to any member with whom yon may be 

acquainted or to the chairman of the military committee of either branch. " I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

"S. COOPER, .Adjutant-Gene-ral. "A sistant Surgeon E. P. VOLLUM, U.S. A., 

"Fort Umpqua, 0. T. 

" The order under which Assistant Surgeon Vollnm acted is as follows, to wit: 

" [Special Order No. 117 .] 

* 

"HEADQUARTERS DEPARTME T OF THE PACIFIC, 

"Benicia, California, October 16, 1856. 

" [Extract.) 

"2. Assistant Surgeon Edward P. Vollum will proceed to the post on the Umpqua, Qreuon 1.'erritory, and relieve Assistant Surgeon Milhaw, who will then com- ply with "'the instructions given in Special Orders No. 44 of May 1, 1856, from the 

War Department. "By command ofMa.jor-General Wool. 

"W. W. MACKALL, 

''.Assistant Adjutant-General. 

" Official extract. 

"W AU DF..P ARTUENT, .Al>JUTA).""T-GE~""ERAL'S OFFICE, 

"Washington, .April4, 1878. 

"L. H. PELOUZE, 

".Assistant .Adjutant-General. 

"Dr. Vollum duly presented his petition for relief in 1857, 1858, 1861, 1864, and 

then in 1878, and at one time a favorable report was made in the Senate, but no final action had. No action seems to have been bad at other times. Dr. Vollnm 

has therefore not been negligent i.n presenting his claim. 

"Dr. Vollum was on board this vessel under orders to go from California to Umpqua., Oregon, the only mode of con>eyance at that time, and wa-s in the discharge ofoffic1al <lut.y; and without fault or neglect on his part, and unavoidably, the vessel was wrecked and his necessary property-personal effects-wa-s wholly to f,. 

• • There is a Ion~~: line of precedents giving relief in similar cases. "Your committee believe Dr. Vollnru is fairly entitled to relief, and report back 

the bill witlwut amendment aml reeommend its passage. "Your committee have again gi,en due 0onsideration to this claim, and find the 

foregoing report con-ect. •· Surgeon Vollum, in his letter of December 16, 1856, to the Adjutant-General, states the amonnt of his loss at $700, antl asks the presentation of a claim for that 

am01mt. Your eommittee recommend the passage of the bill herewith reported 

back to the Senate wit.h an amendment added to the bill in the following words, 

'and that the a~~:g-regate amount allowed shall not exceed the sum of $700.'" 

The bill so reported pa.<~se<l the Senate, and was favorably reported in the Honse. 

(See Report No. 1723, H. R. , made June 9, 1880.) Your committee adopt said report, and recommend the passage of said bill. 

The bill waR reported to the SE-nate without amendment, ordered 

to be e11grossed for a third reading, read the thircl time, and passed. 

HOUSE BILLS REFERRED. 

The bill (H. R. No. 721) to authorize the appointment oY V. McNally as an ordnance storekeeper in the AI·my, was read twice by its 

title, and referred to the Committee on Uilitary Affairs. 

' 

The bill (H. R. No. 3548) making appropria.tions for the service of 

the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June 10, 1883, and other purposes, was read twice by its title, ancl referred. to the 

Committee on Appropriation . The bill (H. R. No. 44:~9) to amend the Revised Statute of the 

United States establishing the times, places, and provisions for holding terms of the district and circuit courts in the northern district 

of New York, was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. 

THA...~KS TO :\IR. BLAL~. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the following 

concurrent resolutions of the House of Representatives: 

Resolved, (the Senate concurring,) That the thanks of Congress be presented to Hon. James G. Blaine, for the appropriate memorial address delivered by him ou the life and services of James AI.Jram Garfield, late President of the United States. 

in the Representatives Hall, before IJoth Houses of CongTe s and their invited 

guests, on the 27th <lay of February, 188'2; and that he be requested to furnish a. copy for publication. 

Resolved, That the chairmen of the joint committee appointed to make the nece. - sary arrangements to carry into effect the r e olution of this Congress in relation to the memorial exercises in honor of Jame Abram Garfield be -requested to com- municate to Mr. Blaine the foregoinl? resolution, receive his answer thereto, and 

present the same to both Houses of Congress. 

Mr. SHER~lAN. I move that the Senate concur in the resolution 

of the House. 

The resolutions were concurred in unanimously. 

PERMANE"NT AND INDEFThTITE APPROPRIATIO~S. 

Mr. PLUMB. I submit an amendment to the bill (S. No. 403) to 

repeal certain laws relating to permanent and indefinite appropriations, passed over this morning, and I move that it be printed. 

The motion wa,g agreed to. 

POST-ROUTE BILL. 

The PRESIDE:!\~ pro temp01·e. The hour of half past one having 

arrived, it is the duty of the Chair to announce the unfinished business, which is Senate bill No. 71. 

l\1r. FERRY. I gave notice la t week that I would this morning as soon as I could get the floor, call up the House post-route bill with 

the Senate amendments. It is very important that this bill be passed 

if these routes are to be included in this spring's lettings. I ask the 

Senator from California to yield to me for a moment for the purpose of calling up- the bill, and !think it will not take over fifteen minutes 

to adopt the amemlments and pass the bill. There is no need of 

reading the bill as it came from the Honse. It has not been the prac- tice of the Senat.e to read such bills. 

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will have to be read. 

1\fr. FERRY. Unless by unanimous consent. It is simply a postroute bill. The amendments can be read. Every Senator's State is 

interested in having these routes included in the spring lettings, :mtl 

unless the bill is passed soon they will not be. 

1\Ir. INGALLS. I have no objection to the bill being taken up, bnt 

I shall object to any bill being 'passed in the Senatl1 without being once read at length. 

'fhe PRESIDENT pro tempm·e. It will be read, of course. :Mr. FERRY. The practice heretofore has been frequently not to 

read the bill; but there is no use antagonizing the Senator from Kan- rsas when he objects. 

The PRESIDENT pro temp01·e. Will the Senator from California 

'}Onsent to having the special order temporarily laid aside f 

Mr. MILLER, of California. I would consent with the understanding that the post-route bill is not to take more than fifteen or twenty 

minutes. 

The PRESIDENT pro temp01·e. The Chair cannot be a party to 

such an understanding i but it probably will not take over an hour. 

1\lr. FERRY. If it takes over half an hour, then the Senator from 

California may interrupt it. 

1\fr.l\IILLER, of California. With that understanding, I ~ive way. 

1\fr. VOORHEES. I am not advised of the exact condition of the 

post-route bill or what the arrangements are that have been agreed 

upon. If there are certain amendments that Ihave heard spoken of 

recently in the bill, I shall antagonize it and will call for a full hearing. 

l\I.r. FERRY. I would answer the Senator from Indiana by saying 

that there is no appropriation in this bill; it is strictly the establishment of post-routes. 

Mr. VOORHEES. Nothing about the mail service f 

Mr. FERRY. Nothing pertaining to the mail service. 

Mr. VOORHEES. I have no objection, then, of course. l'l1r. FERRY. If the bill takes up more than half an hour, I hope 

the Senator from California will interrupt its further consideration. 

Mr. DAVIS, of West Virginia. Is there anything in the bill except 

the est.ablishment of post-route Y 

l\fr. FERRY. None at all; it is simply the semi-session post-ro11te bill. \Ve generally pass two such bills, one a.bont the middle of tbe 

long session and the other at tlle close. Th:is is the usual bill p, ·se1l. 

inclndincr all the new routes. 

Mr. VOORHEES. I gave notice last week that at this hom I 

should ask the Senate to he:1r some remarks on the subject of the 

proposed construction of 11. new library bniluing; but I will nut 

antagonize the Senator from California 'vith them now. I wish to 

say, however, that when he concludes t~ afternoon, unle~ he occu-
18 2. CONGRESSIONAL REOOR.1)-SENATE. 1477 

pies more time than I expect he will, and unless somebody very much 

uesires to go on with that discussion, I shall take the floor then on the subject indicated if it be the pleasure of the Senate. 

Mr. FERRY. Mr. President, I suggest that the post-route bill be 

taken up. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. If thoce be no objection the bill 

indicated by the Senator from MichiD"an will be taken up. 

:Mr. FERRY. I suggest that in the reading the Secretary when 

he comes to an amendment of the Committee on Post-Offices and 

Post Roads will so state, and that the amendments may be concurred 

in as we pass along in the reading. 

1\fr. COCKRELL. .A.nd let any amendments be offered. 

Mr. FERRY. After the close of the regular amendments of the 

Post-Office Committee. 

Mr. COCKRELL. Let them follow each State as its routes are 

read. 

Mr. FERRY. Certainly; they are classified under each State. 

The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider 

the bill (H. R. No. 3844) to establish post-routes. 

The Principal Legislative Cl,erk proceeded to read the bill. The 

first amendment reported by the Committee on Post-Offices and PostRoads was, under the head of "Alabama," to insert, after line 18: 

From Coltonville to Honey. From Dowty to Hernrlon. From Ga-tlsden to Masingale. From Gainestown tQ Choctaw Bluff. From Mobile to Spring Hill. From Somerville to Bluff City. From Southern to Bean Rock. From Estill's Fork, Alabama, ro Winchester, Tennessee. From Cuba Station, in Sumter County, to Kinterbish, in the same county. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, after line 28, to insert : 

Fl·om Fort Apache to Show Low. From Greaterville to Crittenden. 

ARIZO~A. 

From Clifton, Arizona, to Lordsburgh, New Mexico. From York's Range to Camp Lee, both in Graham County. From Tucson, via Oracle, American FJag, and Stratton's Ranche (N. 0.) to San 

Catarina, (N. 0.) 

Tho amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was under the head of "Arkansas," to insert 

after line 51 : 

From Watalula Springs to Ozark. From Marshall, Searcy County, via Emerson's Mills, to Liberty Springs, Van Buren County. From Lead Hill, Boone County, via Cottonwood, to Omaha, Boone County. 

l!rom Limestone Valley, Newton County, via Boston Mountain, Casavilfe, and 

Beech Woods, to Dry Fork, Carroll County. 

Fl·om Rico, :Benton County, viaCinciunati, toDutchMills, Washington County. 

Fl·om Hope, Hempsteatl County, via Spring Hill and Dooley's Ferry, to Texar- kana, Miller County-. From Texarkana, via Booker"s Plantation, to Bri~ht Star, in Miller County. 

l!'rom Linwood, via Garretson's Landing, Swan .Lake, Greenbank, Bankhead, 

and New Gascony, to Linwood in Jefferson Count;t:. __ From Witherspoon, Clarke County, via Round .l:i.ill, Tulip, and Leas Ferry, to Pine Bluff, in Jefferson County. 

.!+'rom Locks burgh, Sevier County, via Chapel Hill, to IDtima Thule. From Yellville, via Lone Rock, to Sylamore. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was under the head of "California," to insert aftor line 76 : 

From Upper Lake to Gravelly Valley. From Princeton to Norman. From Anaheim to Westminster . .From Leesville to Sulphur Ct·eek, Colusa County. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

Mr. FERRY. The committee offer the following amendment to come in after line 80, which is in the State of California: 

From Tebema., via Riceville, to Orland. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

Tho reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment was onder the head. of" Colorado," after line 85, to insert: 

From Villa Grove to Oriental. From Teller to Michigan. From Hayden to Lay, P..outt County. 

]'rom Dillon to Troublesome, Summit County. 

Mr. TELLER. That should be ''from Dillon to Troublesome 

Grand County," and not "Summit County;" and I move that amend~ mcnt. 

The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. 

The amendment as amended was'a!rreed to. 

l\fr. TELLER. I move to insert, after line 89, the following: 

From Los Pinos to the Grand River Junction. . 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The I'eading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of the 

Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads was, after line 89 to in- ~rt: ' CO~'ECTICUT. 

From Ivoryton to Centre Brook. From Silver Mine to Norwalk. 

'rhe amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment of the committee was in line 93 after "Dakota," to strike out "Territory." ' ' 

Mr. COCKRELL. Why is tb.a.t stricken out Y 

1\fr. FERRY. That has been the custom. There is no more need of 

designating Arizona and Dakota as Territories than California and 

Missouri as States. It is well understood that some are States, the 

others Territories. I suppose the Senate is always well informed, 

especially the Senator from Missouri. 

Mr. COCKRELL. I simply wanted to know the idea the Senator 

from Michigan ha-(1. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The reading of the bill was re umed.. The next amendment was, 

under the head of" Florida," in line 120, to strike out "Cove's" and 

insert "Cove." 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of "Florida," to insert 

after line 125 : 

From Acron to Altoona. 

~~: fVcla~a %Pc~~!~i cit . From South Lake Wier, in ~arion County, via Lady Lake, to Lees burgh, in 

Sumter County. 

The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, under the head of " Georgia," after line 

141, to insert : 

From Thomaston to Waynmansville, Upson County. From Perry to Henderson, Houston County. From Excelsior, :Bullock County, to Swainesborough, Emanuel County. From Mill Haven, via Mitchell ton, to Sylvania, all in Scriven County. From Eden to Hinely, both in Effingham County. From Egypt, in Effingham County, via Moore's Mills, to Crnmley's, in Bullock 

County, From Fleming to Dorchester, Liberty County. From Scarborough to L. F. Pfeiffer's, in Scnven County. From Scarborou_gh, in Scriven County, to Dr. E. W . Lane's, in Emanuel County. From Herndon, m Burke County, to Garfield, in Emanuel County. From Byron, Houston County to Taylor's Store, Crawford County. From Cooley's Station, on the Macon and Brunswick Railroad, to Jeffersonville. 

The amendment was agreed to. :Mr. FERRY. After line 161 I move to insert, under the head of 

'' Georgia : " From Fairburn to Flat Creek, Fayette County. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of the 

committee was, in line 162, after "Idaho" to strike out "Territory." 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next ·amendment was, under the head of" Idaho," after line 

175, to insert : 

From Salmon City to Lees burgh. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, UJ;lder the head of "Illinois," after line 

179, to insert : From Belle Prairie to Wayne City. From Fountain Green to Weakley's Store. From Broadlands to Homer. From Osage to Elkville. From Exeter to Neelyville. From Hecker to Red "End. From J ewett to Wheeler . From Woodworth to Milford. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of" Indiana," after line 

223, to insert : 

From Holton tQ Dupont. From New Middleton t.o Elizabeth, in Harrison County. From Washington to Cumback, in Davis County. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amend.ment was, under the head of "Iowa," after line 

232, to insert : · From Alpha (N. 0.) to Waucoma. From Maloy to Delphos. From Parma to Big Grove. From Felix to Milo. From Farley to Cascade. From Muchachinock to Given. From Prillceton to Cordova. From What Cheer to Delta. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendme!lt wa , under the head of "Louisiana "to insert 

after line 350 : ' ' 

From Clinton to Live Oak Store, Livingston Parish. 

The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, after line 351, to insert: 

From .Arnold to South Etna. From North Haven pogt;.office, in Knox County, northerly to Pulpit Harbor. From SouthwestHarborpost;.offic~in the town of Tremont. around said South- west Harbor to East Tremont, near l:ienry E. Newman's dwelling-house. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

Mr. BECK. 1 ask the chairman of the Committee on Post-Offices 

au~ Post-Road~ if he will n?t accept the following amendment, to 

stnke out all after the enactrng claus«3 and insert: 

~bat ~~e_ Postmaster-G:ene!al be, an~ he is hereby, authorized to furnish such 

mail fac1lities on any public highway Within the limits of the United States as the 

good of the public service requires. 

That is all he does anyhow. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER, (Mr. GARLAND in the chair.) Thu 

amendment is not in order now. 
r 

1478 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-=-SENATE. ]"EBRUARY 28', 

Mr. FERRY. That question is being considered by the committee, 

and I hope the proposition will be referred to the committee and come up for consideration there. 

Mr. BECK. I did not know the committee were considering it. 

Let it take that direction. 

Mr. FERRY. I hope the s~nator will not urge it now. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The paper will be referred to the 

Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. ' 

The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of 

the Committee on Post-Offices was, under the head of" Maryland," 

to insert, after line 367 : 

From Pleasantville to High Point, Harford County. 

From Snow HHI to Box Iron, Worcester County. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, after line 369, to insert : 

MASSACHUSETI'S. 

From Littleton to Littleton Common. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of" 1\fichigan," after line 

379, to insert : 

From Bay's River, via Nahma and Ga.rden Bay, to Fayette. 

The amendment was agreed to. · The next amendment was, under the head of" Minnesota," to insert, 

after line 394 : 

From Waconia to H elvetia, in Carver County. 

From Carver, via Ea-st Union, to J. P. Farrows's, in the county of Carver. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of ''1\fississippi," after 

line 401, to insert : 

From Green Hill to Campbellsville. 

From Johnsonville to Pennwood. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of "Missouri," in line 

408, after "Rerusaud," to insert " and ;" so as to read : 

From Eaudevie, via. ~ensaud and Walnut Shade, to Forsythe. 

The amendment was agreed to. . The next amendment was, after line 417, to insert, under the head 

of " Missouri: " 

From Williamsburgh to Calwood. 

From Lake Creek to Edward Bahner's residence, in Pettis County. 

From Salem, via Nova Scotia Iron Works, to WestFork. 

From Pittsville to Elm Spring Baptist Church. 

From Cal wood to Williams burgh. 

From Mounds to Igo. 

From Winfield, Missouri, to.Batchtown, Illinois. 

From Intha, via Igo and Verdella, to Mounds. 

From Longwood, via Woodson, to Marshall. 

From Gooch's Mill to Boonville. 

From Excelsior Springs, Viginti post-office, to Vibbard. 

:Mr. FERRY. I offer the following amendment to that amendment, 

to come in after line 431 : 

From Trenton, via Shanklin, to Alpha. 

The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. 

Mr. COCKRELL. I suggest thattwoofthoseroutesarethesame. 

We want to strike out line 424, "from Calwood to Williamsburgh," 

because it is embraced in another route. I wish to strike out also 

line425: 

From Mounds to Igo. 

They are both included in other routes. 

Mr. FERRY. Very well. 

Mr. COCKRELL. Then line 426, 

From Winfield, Missouri, to Batchtown, Illinois, 

should be stricken out. That has already been established a.s a route 

and there is service on it. I thought it was not established, but it was. Mr. }""~ERRY. It might be that the route between the terminal 

points might be wanted to run a different way. Would it not be well 

for it to remain Y It does not hurt it even if service is existing. 

:Mr. COCKRELL. There is daily service already. 

Mr. FERRY. If the Senator is satisfied, as it is in his own State, I 

make no objection. 

Mr. COCKRELL. · I understood the service was about to be sus- pended, a.nd I introduced a bill and then referred it to the Department, and received information that the route was established and a daily service existed. 

Mr. FERRY. Very well. 

Mr. COCKRELL. I move to amend the amendment as I have indicated. 

The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. 

The amendment of the committee as amended was agreed to. 

The readin~ of the bill was resumed. The next amendment reported 

by the CoJIUillttee on Post-Offices and Post-Roa-ds was, under the head 

of "Nebraska," after line 479, to insert: 

From Noligb, in Antelope County, via West Cedar Valley, Clay Rido-e, CumminsTille, Clear Creek, Cedar City, late Harrington Post-Office, and little Cedar 

Valley, to Willow Springs, in Wheeler County. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of "Nevada," after line 

497, to insert : 

From Lida to Montezuma. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of "New Hampshire," 

after line 500, to insert : 

' From Milan to Errol. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, after line 501, to insert: 

NEW MEXICO. 

From Vermejo to Elk-ins. 

From Sooon-o ro Magdalena. From Silver City to Clairmont, Socorro County. 

From Eagle Station to Polomas, Socorro County. 

From Lords burgh, New Mexico, to Clifton, Al"lzona. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment wa.s, under the head of" New York," in line 

513, to strike qut " Calton" and insert '' Colton;" so as to read: 

From Colton, via West Parishville, to Potsdam. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, after line 515, under the head of" New 

York," to insert : 

From Altona to Alder bend. 

The amendment was agreed to. . Mr. V .ANCE. I wish to offer an amendment. Iri the routes for 

the State of North Carolina I find a word misspelled in line l;20, 

again in line 521, and again in line 523. I am familiar with the 

locality, and there is evidently a clerical error. The word" Joy," 

where it occurs in each of those lines, should be "Ivy.'' 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The corrections will be made if 

there be no objection. 

The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of the 

Commi:ttee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads was, under the head f>f 

"North Carolina," after line 533, to insert: 

From Columbia Factory, Randolph County, via Brown's Store, to Troy. 

From Randleman's Factory, Randolph Conn~, to Greensborough. From Fayetteville, via Sherwood and Slocum s Store, to TolarsVil.le. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of "Ohio," after line 6097 

to insert: 

From Bolin's Mills, Vinton County, to Lee, Athens County. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment wat~, under the head of "Oregon," after line 

6207 to insert: 

From Blalock, via Rockville, Lord Valley, Ladd's Mill, and John Day, to Canyon City. 

From Blalock, via Walker's and McFarland's, to Bickleton, Washington Territory. 

From Blalock, via Rock Creek, Number Six, and Laidlero, to Goldendale, WaRbington Territory. 

From Baker City to Granite. 

From Applegate to Granite. -

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment wa.s, under the head of'' Pennsylvania," after 

line 645, to insert : 

From Wharton, via Hull, to Cherry Mills. 

From Merwin to Markle. 

From Bushville, Pennsylvania, to Flatbrookville, New Jersey. 

From Forks Station, via Stanhope (N. 0.) or Swift Water, (N. 0.,) to Halter. 

man's Corners, (N. 0.,) all in Monroe County. 

FromMiffi.inville to Hetlerville, both in Columbia Counto. 

~~~ ~~Js~ :rra~!~!.'s Mills and Old Fort, to 'enter Hall. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendmen: was, after line 657, to insert: 

RHODE ISLAND. 

From Liberty to Slocumville. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of "South Carolina," 

after line 6687 to insert : 

From Nichols to Little Rock, via Gaddy's Mills. 

From Bennettsville, South Carolina., to Laurenburgh, North Carolina, via John 

G. Fletcher's store. From Laurel Hill, North Carolina, to Bennettsville, South Carolina, via John G. 

Fletcher's store. F-rom Laurenburgh, North Carolina, to Red Bluff, South Carolina. 

From Mullin's Depot, South Carolina, to Alfordsville, North Carolina. 

From Chesterfield Court-House, via Sugar Loaf, James W. Ousley and John 

G. Johnson, to Hartsville. 

From Rome to Choppee. 

From Irvington, Chesterfield County, to Hornsborough. 

From Mayesville to Kingstree. From Columbia, across Broad River, via Pellwood, (N. 0.,) in Lexington County, Countsville, and Pine Ridge, in Lexington County, to We,ssinger's store, in New- berry County. From Mnllin's, via D. D. McDuffie's, Elly Hay's, Hazy Swamp, and J. H. Stafford's, to .Alfords ville, North Carolina. 

From Mullin's, via D. D. McDuffie's and Elly Hay's, to Kentyre's. From Pickens Court-House to Burroughs' 'Mil.L 

From Monterey, via Dry Grove1 to Enright"s store, Abbeville County. From Martin's Depot, via Mount;ville and Milton, to :Martin's Depot. 

The amenclment was agreed to. 
1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. 1479 

Mr. FERRY. I move to add, after line 696, under the head of "South 

C1.rolina :" 

From Nine Times, in Sooth Carolina, via. McKinney, Cane Creek, Fly Top, and 

Horse Pastore, to Taxawa.y, in North Carolina.. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The reading of the bill was continued. The next amendment of 

the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads was, under the head 

of "Tennessee," after line 717, to insert: 

From Indian Mound, via Legate, Stewart County, Tennessee, to La. Fayette, Christian County, Kentncky. 

From Doves, via Iron Mountain, Stewart County, Tennessee, to Golden Pond, 

Trigg County, Kentncky. 

From Jamestown, via Byrdstown, Pickett County, to Mouth of Wolf Creek, 

Clav County. . From Mockeson to Fall River. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of" Texas," in line 733, 

to change "Abilem" to "Abilene ; " so a-s to read: 

From Abilene, via Phantom Hill, to Mount Blanco. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, in line 741, under the head of "Texas," 

to strike out "Anacoster" and insert "Anacosta; " so as to read: 

From Fort Ewell, via. A.nacosta. and Valenzuela., to Carriza Springs. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, in line 745, under the head of" Texas," 

to strike out "Bremend" and insert " Bremond ; " so as to read : 

From Bremond, via Beck's Prairie, to Franklin. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, in line 747, under the head of" Texas," 

to strike out ''and" and insert "to ; " so a-s to read: 

From San Angelo to Colorado City. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, in line 760, under the head "Texas," 

after the word "Newton," to strike out "to" and insert "via," and 

after the word " Creek" to insert "to Belgrade; " so as to read : 

From Newton, via Caney Creek, to Belgrade. 

The amendmel§t was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, in line 763, under the .head "Texas," to 

strike out "Pecon " and insert "Pecan;" so as to read: 

From Junction City, via Fort Territt, Pecan Springs, and Wentworth Ranche, to Fort McKavitt. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, after line 764, under "Texas," to insert: 

From Pattonville, via Parker's Store, to Halesborongh. 

From Clarksville, Texas, to Locksbnrgh, Arkansas. 

From Clarksville, Texas, via Harris Ferry or Red River, to Locksborgh, Ar· 

kansas. From Colorado to Mount Blanco. 

From Oenaville w Barclay. 

F rom Colora<lo to Esticado. 

From Colorado to Concho. 

!<'rom Cooper, via Prattville, to Charleston. 

From Bennett's Station to Mosely Cross RolKls, in Red River County. 

From Nameless, Travis Connty, to Bagdad, Williamson County. 

From Florence, via Chaneyville, to Lamfra:!;~j From Milam, in Sabine County, to East · ton, in Shelby County. 

From MinernJ. City to Beeville. 

From Toyah, Texas, to Seven Rivers, New Mexico. 

From Waco to Groesbeck. From Florence, Williamson Connty, via Gabriel Mills and Lone Star, to Strick· 

ling, Burnett County. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, after line 785, to insert: 

UTAH. 

From H eber to Rov. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, after line 787, to insert: 

VERMONT. 

J<'rom Brownington Centre, by Brownington, to Barton Landing. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of "Virginia," after line 

800, to insert: 

From Buckingham Court-House to Ha.rdwicksville. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of'' West Virginia," after 

line 806, to insert: 

From Gladeville to Halleck. 

From Blaine to Clinton Fnrna.ce. 

From New Salem to Yeater's Mills. 

t~: ~=~ ~~HwO:~s~~:~IR~e. From Flatwoods, Braxton Countv, via Dr. B. H • .Adkisson's store, Williams's 

Mill, Green Hill, and Little Wild Cat, Lewis County, and James Bennett's, to Rock Cave, in Upshur County. . From Kinchelos, Harrison County, to Cold Water, Doddridge County. 

The amE>-ndment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of" Wisconsin," to strike 

out lines 819 and 820, as follows: 

From Nielsville, via Day, Shortville, and Nevins, to Popple. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, after line 827, under" Wisconsin,"to insert: 

From Black Creek, via Cicero, Frazer, Angelica., and Plier, to Pnlcifer. 

From Grantsburgh to Wood River. 

From Balsam Lake to Bunyan. 

From Sioux Creek to Shetek. 

From Lochial to Tonnar. 

From Cadott to Swans by. From Flambeau to Emet. 

From Eao Claire to Badger Mills. 

From Rib Falls to Peniatowski. 

From Wausau to Kelly. 

From Naugart to Ham~~h. 

From Mannville to Me · n. 

~~:~~!~d. ~!!~h~N*'chester. From Alban to Boyin~n. 

From Colby to Green Grove. 

From Merrill to Donovan. 

From Antigo to Morley. 

From Antigo, via Melnick, to Kempster. 

From Norwood to Phlox. 

hom Bonduel to Tra~y. 

From Angelica to Blier. 

From Flintville to Saint Nathan's. From Stiles to Morgan. 

From Stiles to Kelley Brook. 

From Frydenland to Sand Lake. From Florence to Crystal Falls. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment wa.a, in line 856, after the word "Wyoming," 

to strike out "Territory." 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, under the head of" Wyoming," after line 

859, to insert: 

From Powder River to Frewen's Ranch. 

From Elk Mountain to Boshe's Ranch. 

From Cooper Lake to Boshe's Ranch. 

From Fort Laramie to Central Springs. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The next amendment was, in line 864, after the word" Washington," 

to strike out "Territory." 

The amendment wa-s agreed to. 

The next amendment was, after line 868, to strike out the following: 

MAINE. 

From Arnold to Sooth Etna. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

From Milan to ErroL VERMONT. 

From Brownington Centre, by Brownington, to Barton Landing. 

MASSACHUSETI'S. 

From Littleton to Littleton Common. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

From Liberty to Slocnmville. CONNECTICUT. 

From Ivoryton to Centre Brook. 

From Silver Mine to Norwalk. 

PENNBYL V ll'"JA, 

From Wharton, via Roll, to Cherry Mills. 

From Merwin to Markle. COLORADO. 

From Villa Grove to Oriental. 

From Teller to Michigan. 

:1\"EW MEXICO. 

From Vermejo to Elkins. 

From Socorra to Magdalena. 

From Fort Apache to Show Low. 

From Greaterville to Crittenden. 

From Salmon City to Leesbnrgh. 

From Lida. to Monteznma. 

ARIZONA. 

IDAHO. 

NEVADA. 

CALIFORNIA. 

From Upper Lake to Gravelly Valley. From Princeton t.o Norman. 

From Anaheim to Westminster. MISSOURI. 

From Williamsbnrgh to Calwood. 

ARKANB.A.8. 

From Watalola. Springs to Ozark. 

From .A.cron to Altoona. 

From Tampa. to Palmetto. 

From Welaka to Crescent City. 

From Coltonville to Honey. From Dowty to Herndon. 

FLORIDA. 

From Gadsden to Masinga.le. 

From Gainestown to Choctaw Bluff. 

From Mobile to Spring Hill. 

From Somerville to BlUff Citv. 

From Southern to Bean Rock. KI88188IPPL 

From Green Hill to Campbellsville. From Johnsonville to PenwO<td. ILLINOIS. 

From Belle Prairie to Wayne City. 

From Fountain Green to Weakley's Store. 

From Broadlands to Homer. 

From Osage to Elkville. 

From Exeter to Neelyville. From Hecker to Red "Bod. 

From Jewett to Wheeler 

From Woodworth to Milfo~. 
1480 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 2 

From Alpha (N. 0.) to Waucoma. From Meloy to Delphos. From Parma to Big Grove. From Felix to Milo. From Farley to Cascade. From Muchacbinock to Given. From Princeton to Cordova. FJ.·om What Cheer to Delta. 

IOWA. 

SOUTH CAROLL'\A. 

From Nichols, South Carolina, to Little Rock, So~th Carolina, vi!1 Gaddy's ~fills . From Bennettsville, South Carolina, to Laurenburgh, North Carolina, via John 

G. Fletcher's store. From Laurel Hill, North Carolina, to Bennettsville, South Carolina, via John 

G. Fletcher's store. From Laurenburgh, North Carolina, to Red Bluff, South Carolina. From Mullen's Depot, South Carolina, to Alfordsville, North Carolina. FJ.·om Chesterfield Court-House, South Carolina, via Sugar Loaf, James W. Ousley, and John G. Johnson, to Hartsville, South Carolina. From Rome, South Carolina, to Choppee, South Carolina.. From Irvington. Chesterfield County, South Carolina, to Hornsborough, South 

Carolina. . From Mayesville, South Carolina, to Kin~tree, South Carolina. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

Mr. FERRY. On page 15, after line 351, under the head of '' Louisiana," I move to insert : 

From Plaquemine to Soulouque. From Raphael to Sonlouque. From Raphael to Plaquemine. 

The amendment was agreed to. Mr. FERRY. That completes the amendmenLa of the committee. 

The striking out of a large part of the bill is simply the result of 

transpositions. 

Mr. BROWN. On page 6, line 132, I find: 

From-Corcoran's Station to Allen's Cross-Roads. 

lt should be "from Cochran's Station," instead of" Corcoran's." 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. That correction will be made. 

The bill was reported to the Senate u.s amended, and the amendments were conctuTed in. 

The amendments were ordered to be engrossed, and the bill to be rea~ a third time. The bill \Yas read the third time, and passed. 

MESSAGE FROM TH.E HOUSE. 

A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. McPHEHSO- , its Clerk, announced that the House had passed the bill (S. No. 1211) 

making an appropriation for continuing the improvements of Galveston Harbor, State of Texas. 

The message also announced that the House had passed a bill (H. 

R. No. 4679) to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to furnish 

impressions of the cards of invitation to the Garfield memorial serv- ice, in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate. 

The message also announced that the House bad concurred in some and non-concurred in other amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. 

R. No. 4221) to provide for certain of the most urgeRtde:ficienciesin 

the appropriations for the service of the Government for the :fiscal 

year ending J une 30, 1882, and for other purposes. 

PRESIDENTIAL APPROVALS. 

A message from the President of the United States, by l\1r. 0 . L . PRUDEN, one of his secretaries, announced that the President had, on the 25th instant, approved and signed the following acts and joint 

resolution : An act (S. No. 937) to enable the Postmaster-General to delegate 

authority to sign warrants; 

An act (S. No. 977) making an appropriation for the baseandpeu- estal of a monument to t.he late Rear-Admiral Samuel .Francis Du 

Pont, United States Navy; ancl _ A joint resolution (S. R. No. 41) authorizing the Secretary of War 

to use rations for the relief of destitute persons in the dist.ricts overflowed by the Uississippi River. 

EXECUTIVE COMMUl\'ICATIONS. 

The PRESIDEJ\TT pro tempo1·e laid before the Senate the follo\Viogmessage from the President of the United States; which was referred 

t-o the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be priute<l: 

To the Senate and House of Representatives: 

I submit herewith, for the consideration of Congress, a letter from the Secretary of the Interior, inclosing a petition of Mr. P. W. NoiTis, for compensation 

for services rendered and expenses incurred ~_y him as superintendent of theY el- lo ;vstone National Park from the 18th of April, 1877, to the 1st of July, 1878. CHESTER A. ARTHUR. 

EXECUTIVE MANSIO~, February 28, 1882. 

He also laid before the Senate the following mess:tge from the 

President of the United States; which was referred to tllC Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed: 

1'o the Senate and House of Representatives: 

I transmit herewith a. communication from the Secretary of the Navy, with a oopy of a letter from the superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory, 

accompanied by a draft of a bill, with estimates for an obsez::vation of the transit 

of Venus, en the 6th of December, 1882. •. The matter is l.'Om 'llended to the consideration of Congress. 

CHESTER A. ARTIIUR. 

EXECUT>VE MA...'\SIO~, February 28, 1882. 

He also laiu before the Senate the following messn.ge from the 

President of the United States; which was referred to the Committeo on Indin.n Affairs, and ordered to be printecl: 

To the Senate of the United States : 

I transmit herewith a communication of the Secretary of t.he Int~rior of the 23d 

b.<>tant, with accompanying papers, furnished in obedience to a resolution of the 

Senate of the 30th nltimo, calling for certain information in relation to the .Malheur 

Indian re erration in the State of Oregon. CIIESTER A.. ARTHUR. 

:ExECUTIVE MA....'iSIO~, February 28, 1882. 

He also laid before the Senate the following message from tho 

President of the United States ; which was referred to the Committee on Indian A.!fa:i'rs, and ordered to be printed: 

To the Senate and House of R&presentatives : 

I transmit herewith a letter from the Secr etary of the Interior, inclosing a me- morial and papers from the Seneca Nation of Xew York Indians, embodymg reso- lution and remflnstrance against the pa age of Senate hill No. 19 to provide for 

allotment of lanU.s in severalty to Indians upon various reservations, &.c., to- gether with report thereon of the Commissioner of Indian Afthlrs, recommending 

an amendment to the seventh ~action therf'of, ex:clu~:/ti?s~~U.s 1: A:k\~~~~s. 

EXECUTIVE :llA....'\SION, February 28, 1882. 

URGEXT DEFICIEXCY BILL. 

The PRESIDEXT pro tempore laiu before the Senate the n.ction of 

the House of Representatives upon the amendments of the Senate to 

the bill (H. R. K o. 4221) to provide for certain of the most urgent de:ficiencies in the appropriations for the service of the Government for 

the fiscal year ending June 30, 1&3:l, and for other purposes. 

On motion of Mr. ALLISON, it was 

Resolved, That the Senate insist upon its amendments disagreed to by the Honse of Rcpresentath·es, and ask a conference with the House on the disagref\i.ng votes of t.he two Houses thereon. 

By unanimous consent, it was 

Ordm-ed, That the conferees on the part of the Senate be appointeu by the President pro tempore. 

The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore appointed l\fr. ALLISO.N, :Mr. PLmiB, 

and .Mr. BECK as the conferees on the part of the Senate. 

CHTh'ESE IJ\DIIGRATIO.N. -

The PRESIDING OFFICER, (Mr. GARLA1\"D in the chail:.) The 

unfinished business will now be considered. The Senate, as in Co'mmittee of the ·whole, proceeded to consider 

the bill (S. No. 71) to euforce treaty stipulations r elating to Chinese. 

l\11:. GROVER. I should like to offer an amendment which I propose to submit to the bill. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be received 

and read for information. 

Tbe ACTLXG SECRETARY. It is proposed at the end of the bill to 

add: 

The words "Chinese !:~.borers " wherever used in this act shall be construed to mean both skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese employed in mining. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. This amendment will lie on the 

table until that portion of the bill is reached. The Committee ou Foreign Rehl.tions r eport an amendment to strike ont all after the 

enacting clause and insert. a substitute. The Secretary will procee<l 

to read the matte1· proposed to be inserted by the committee. 

The Acting Secretary r ead the proposed substitute, as follows: 

Whereas in the opinion of the Government of the United States the coming of 

Chinese laborers to this country endangers the good oruer of cert:~.in localities within the tenitory thereof: Therefore, 

Be it enacted, cf:c., That from and after the expiration of RL~: d.-'lys next after the passage of this act, and until the expiration of twenty years next after the pas- sage of this act, tlle coming of Chine e laborers to the Uniteu States be, and the same is hereby, suspended; and during such suspension it shall not be lawful for any Chinese lilborer to come, or, having so come after the e:!..!Jiration of said sixty 

days, to remain within the United States. 

SEC. 2. That any master of any >essel of wbate'\'er nationality, who shall on such vessel bring ,,;thin thejmisdiction of the United States any Cl!inC<;e laborer from any foreign port or place, shall be tl'eemeu guilty of a. misderne:mor. aml on _conviction thereof shall be punished by a tine of $500 for each and e \·ery such Chinese 

laborer so brouf:!ht, and may be also imprisoned tor a term not exceeding one year. SEC. 3. That the two foregoing, actions shall not apply to Clrinese laborers whu were in the United States on tho 17th day of November, 1880, orwlJoshall have come into the same before 1 ne expiration of su:ty da.vs next after the pa sage of this ad, anu who shall produce to such ma<~ter before going on boar·u such Yessel, and -ball 

proJ.uce to the collector of tll6 port in tlle Urilted-Statcs at whiolt such '\'essel shall 

anive, the evidence hereinafter in tblli act required of his being one of the labor- ers in this !lection mentioned; nor shall the two foregoing sections apply to the ca<;e of any ma.·terwlJose veRsel, bein ~ l>ouml to a portnotwithln the United State , shall come within tho jurisdictiou of the Uniteu State by rea on of being in dis· tress or in !ltres · of weatl!er. 

SEc. 4. That in order to the faithful execution of articles one and two of the 

treaty betwet•n the United States and the Empire of China, ratified July 10, 1881, 

in case any Chine. eresirlingin the United States on tho 17th <lay of November, 1880, or who shall l1aYe come into the same before theexpirationofsi.:rtyd.aysnextafter 

the pas. age of thi11 act, shall depart therefrom, they shall, bflfol'e such departure, cause themReb-es to be duly registered at a custom-house in the United States, aud produce to the collector of the district at which they shall seek to re-enter the 

United States the certificate of such registration and the commlar certificate in this act provided for. 

S1w. 5. That in order to the faithful execution of articles 1 and 2 of the treaty before in this :wt mentioned, eYery Chinese of any class or ocoup.1tion wbateYer 

who may be entitletl by said treaty and tllis act to come within the United States. 

except s nell as rcside'l iu the United St.ates on the 17th day of NoYemlJer, ISoO, or -\vho ball have come within the United States within Hixty days ne).:t after the passage of thi» act, shall obtain the permi sion of the Uhinese GovemmP.nt in ea.ch case, fo he evidenced by a passport issued by sa.iu go•ernment, which passvort shall bo in the English language or accompanied by a translation into Euglisll, showing such permission, with the name of the permitted person in his proper signature, and which passport shall state the name, title, or oflicial rank, if any, the age, height, and all physical peculiarities, former and .Present OCCllpatiou or 
1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE. 1481 

profession, and place )f residence in China of the person to whom the passport is 

issued, and that such perRon is entitled by the treaty in this act mentioned to come within the United States. This passport and the identity of the person named in it hall, before such person goes on board any vessel to proceed to the 

United States, be vised by the indorsement of the diplomatic representative of 

the United States in the Empire of China, or of the consular representative of the 

United States at the port or place from which the person named in the passport is 

about to depart. Such passport shall bA prima .facie evidence of the facts set forth 

therein. and shall be produceu to the collector of customs of the port in the district 

in the United States at which the person named therein shall arrive, and afterward produced to the proper authorities of the United States whenever lawfully 

demanded. 

SK<'. 6. That the Se\lretary of the Trea..~ury shall forthwith cause t.o be prepared 

and kept at the custom-houses of the Unitt>.d States proper books, in such form as he shall prescribe, for the registration of Chinese who shall be entitled under the 

provisions of this act to the privilege of entering and residing in the United States. 

Entry shall l>e made in such books of the name of every such Chinese, and his 

proper signature, his place of birth, (giving town or district,) dat~ of birth, last 

]llace of resiuence before coming to tbe United States, place of residence in the 

United States, if any, names ann re idences of his parents, if any, date and place of" arrival in the United States, employment or business, height, and physical 

marks or peculiarities by which he may be identified. Every applicant for regis· 

tration shall make oath to the facts stated in his registry, which oath shall be 

recorded in the book of registry. Collectors of customs and their deputies shall 

have power to admini!1ter and certify to all oat.hs under this act. SEC. 7. That it shall be the.. duty of the collector of customs to issue t.o every 

Chinese entitled to registry, and registered by him, at the time of registration, a certificate, in such form as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe, setting 

forth all the fa-cts contained in such registration, and the data of Identification prescribed in section 6 of this act, which certificate shall be signed by the collector 

of customs of the district, or his deputy, and attef.ted by his seal of office, dated the 

day of its issue, and upon which shall be written the proper signature of the person 

registered. .A. minute of the issuance of such certificate and date of issue shall be 

made in the book of registry on the margin of the re~istration. The certificate so issued to a Chinese shall be prima facie evidence of tne facts therein stated. .SEc. 8. That any person who shall knowingly make a false statement under oath in the ref!!istration of any Chinese under the provisions of this act shall be deemed 

guilty o perjury; and any person who shall register at more than one custom- 1iouse in the United States, or procure more than one certificate of registration, or alter or substitute any name for the name written in such certificate, or forge any 

such certificate, or utter any forged or fraudulent certificate, or falsely personate 

any p erson named in any such certificate, shall be ueemed guilty of a lnisdemeanor; 

anii upon conviction of any offense mentioned in this section the guilty person 

shall be tined in a sum not exceeding $1,000, and imprisoned in a penitentiary for a term not more than :five years. SEc. 9. That the ma ~terofanyvessel arriving in the United States from any foreign 

place shall, at tlte same time be delivers a manifest of_ the cargo, and if there be no cargo, then at the time of making a report of the entry of the vessel pursuant to law, in addition to the other matter required to he repoyted, and before landing, or permittin.,. to land, any Chinese passengers, deliver and report to the collector of customs o'f the Uistrict in which such vessel shall have arrived a separate list of 

all Chinese passengers taken on board his vessel at any foreign port or place, and 

all such pa. sengers on board the vessel at that time. Such list shall show the names of such passengers, (and if accredited officers of the Chinese Government 

traveling on the business of that government, with a note of such fact,) and the names and other particulars, as shown by the respective passport.~ and certificates, as the case may be. of other Chinese passengers ; aml such list shall be sworn to by the master in the manner required by law in relation to the manifest of the car~o. .A.ny refusal or neglect of the master to comply with the provisions of this 

section shail incur the same penalties and forfeiture as are provided for a refusal or negle\lt to report and deliver a manifest of the cargo. 

SEc: 10. That before any Chinese passengers are landed from any such vessel, 

the collector, or his de-puty. shall proceed to examine such pa-ssengers, comparing the pa-ssports and certificate , a-s the case may be, with the list and with the passengers, and no passenger shall be allowed to land in the United Sta.tes from such 

vessel in violation of law. 

SEC. 11. That every vessel whose master shall k-nowingly violate any of the provisions of this act shall be.deemed forfeited to the United States, and shall be liable to seizure and condemnation in any district of the United States into which such 

Teasel may enter or in which she may be found. 

SEc. 12. That if any consular officer, on examination of the claims and identity 

of any Chinese proposing to depart to the United States, shall be satisfied that 

such person seeks so to do in violation of this act, he shall refuse to certify to the 

right of snch person to so depart; and every collect.or of customs shall refuse to allow any Chinese to enter the United States if he shall discover tllat such entry is unlawful under this act SEc. 13. That any person who shall knowingly brin~into, or cause to be brought 

into, or shall aid or abet the bringing or coming into tne United States by land, or who shall land or aid or abet the landing in tlJe United States from any vessel of 

an:y: Chinese not a.uthmized by law to enter tl1e United States, shall be deemed ~uilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, for each person so brought or aided to come mto the Uniwti States, or so landed, be fined in the sum of $100, and imprisoned for a. t~rm not exceeding one year. 

SEc. 14. That no Chinese sball be permitted to enter the United States by land 

without producing to the proper officer of customs the certificate herein required 

of Chinese seeking to land from a >essel; and any Chinese who shall knowingly come into the United States contrary to the provisions of this act shall be deemed 

guilty of a misuemeanor, and on conviction thereof sha.ll be punished by a fine not exceediug $100, or by imprisownent not exceeding one year, or both said punishments, in tl1e discretion of the court; and any Chinese unlawfully entering within 

the United States, or who shall have unl.awfully entered the United States in an:£ 

way, either by land or by water. shall be removed therefrom by the collector of cm~toms of an.v collection district in -which such Chinese may be found, at the cost of the United States, under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may 

prescribe. SEc. 15. That this a-ct shall not apply to diplomatic and other officers of the Chi- n e:<e Government tra>eling upon the business of tllat government, whose credentials in the usual form shall be taken as equivalent to the passport in this actmen- tiened and shall exempt them and their body and household servants from the 

provisions of this act as to otller Chinese. 

Mr. FARLEY. 1\ly colleague [Mr. MILLER, of California] will 

address the Senate on the hill to-day, but I desire to offer an amendment at this time that it may be printed and lie on the table until 

iuch time as the Senate may act upon it. I ask to have it read. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be read for 

information. 

The ACTIXG SECRETARY. It is proposed to add as an additional 

section : l:lRCTlON -- That hereafter no State court, or court of the United States, shall 

aclmit Chinese to citizenship; and all laws in conflict with this act are hereby repealed. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will lie on the table 

and be printed. 

Mr. MILLER, of California. Mr. President, the amendment in the 

nature of a substitute proposed by the Committee on Foreign Relations has been read for information, and as the bill now stands, with 

this amendment, it is as reported by the full Committee on Foreign 

Relations, a unanimous report. The changes made by the ame:adment have been thought necessary by the committee in order to make 

the bill conform more strictly to the treaty commonly known as the 

immigration treaty, which was ratified by the Senate at its special 

session during the last spring. Many of the changes made by the 

amendment are of phraseology merely. I believe that the bill as re- ported does conform in every particular to, and does not contravene 

in any way, the treaty referred to. I shall now, by the courtesy of 

the Senate, proceed to submit some remarks upon the bill as reported 

by the committee. 

Tbjs measure is not a surprise to the Senate, nor a new revelation 

to the country. It has been before Congress more than once, if not 

in the precise form in which it is now presented, in substance the same ; and it has passed the ordeal of analytical de bate and received 

the affirmative vote of both Houses. Except for the Executive veto 

it would have been long ago the law of the land. It is again presented, not only under circumstances as impera"ti.ve in their demands 

for its enactment, but with every objection of the veto removed and 

every argument made against its approval swept a way. It is an interesting fact in the history of this measure, that the action which has 

cleared its way of the impediments which were made the reasons for 

the veto, was inaugurated and consummated with splendid persiste~ce 

and energy by the same administration whose Executive interposed 

the veto against it. Without stopping to inquire into the motive 

of the Hayes administration in this proceeding, whether its action was in obedienoo to a conviction that the measurewasinitselfright 

and ex.-pedient, or to a public sentiment, so strong and universal as to demand the utmost vigor in the diplomacy necessary for the re- moval of all impediments to its progress, it must be apparent that 

the result of this diplomatic action has been to add a new phase to 

the question in respect of the adoption of the measure itself. 

In order to folly appreciate this fact it may be proper to indulge in 

historical reminiscence for a moment. For many yea.rs complaints 

had been made against the introduction into the United States ofthe 

peculiar people who come from China, and the Congress, after careful 

consideration of the subject, so far appreciated the evil complained 

of as to pass a bill to interdict it. 

The executive department had, prior to that action, with diplomatic finesse, approached the imperial throne of China with intent, as was said, to ascertain whether such an interdiction of cooly importation, or immigration so called, into the United States would be 

regarded as a breach of friendly relations with China, and had been 

informed by the diplomate to whom the delicate task had been com- nutted that such interdiction would not be favorably regarded by the 

Chinese Government. Hence, when Congress, with surprising au- dacity, passed the bill of interdiction the Executive, believing in the 

truth of the information given him, thought it prudent and expedient 

to veto the biU, but immediately, in pursuance of authority granted 

by Congre s, he appointed three commissioners to negotiate a treaty 

by which the consent of Chlna should be given to the interdiction 

proposed by Congress. These commissioners appeared before the 

Government of China upon this special mission, and presented the 

request of the Government of the United States affirmatively, positively, and authoritatively made, and after the usual diplomatic 

ceremonies, representations, misrepresentations, avowals, and con- cealments, the treaty was made, the concession granted, and the 

interdiction agreed upon. This treaty was presented here and ratified 

by the Senate, with what unanimity Senators know, and which the 

rules of the Senate forbid me to describe. 

The new phase of this question, which we may as well consider in 

the outset, suggests the spectacle which this nation should present 

if Congress were to vote this or a similar measure down. A great 

natilon cannot afford inconsistency in action, nor betnty a vacillating, staggering, inconstant policy in its intercourse with other na- tions. No really great people will present themselves before the 

world through thell' government as a nation irresolute, fickle, feeble, or petulant; one day ea~erly demanding of its neighbor an agreement or concession, whicu on the next it nervously repudiates or casts a-side. Cau we make a solemn request of China, through the 

pomp of au extraordinary embassy and the ceremonial of diplomatic 

negotiation, and with prudent dispatch exchange ratifications of the 

treaty granting onr request, and within less than half a year after 

such exchal'l.ge is made cast aside the concession and, with childish 

irresolutiorr, ignore the w bole proceeding Y Can we afford to make 

such a confession of .American imbecility to any oriental power f The a~option of this or some such measure becomes necessary, it seems to 

me, to the intelligent and consistent execution of a policy adopted 

by this Government under the sanction of a treaty with another 

~reat nation. 

If the executive department, the SenateJ and t.he House of Representatives have all understood and appreciated their own action in 

respect of this measure; if in the negotiation and ratification of tho new treaty with China the Executive and the Senate did not act 

without thought, in blind, inconsiderate recklessness-and we kp.ow 

' 
1482 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 2 ' 

they did not; if the Congress of the United States in the passage of 

the fifteen-passenger hill had the faintest conception of what it was doing-:-and we know it had-then the yolicy of this Government in 

respect of• so-called Chinese immigration has been authoritatively 

settled. 

This proposition is submitted with the greater confidence because 

the action I have described was in obedience to and in harmony with a public sentiment which seems to have permeated the whole coun- try. For the evidence of the existence of such a sentiment, it is only 

necessary to produce the declarations upon this subject of the two 

great historical parties of the country, deliberately made by their 

national conventions of 1880. One of these (the Democratic conven- tion) declared that there shall beNo more Chinese immigration except for travel, education, and foreign commerce, and thereiu carefully guarded. 

The other (the Republican) convention declared thatSince the authority to regulate immigration and_ intercourse between the United 

States and foreign nations rests with Cou~ess, or with the United States and its 

treaty-makin.,. power, the Republican party, regarding the unrestricted immigra- tion of the C~ese as an evil of great magnitude, invokes the exercise of the.!e powers to restrain and limit the immigration by the enactment of such just, hu- maue, aud reasonable provisions as will produce that result. · 

These are the declarations of the two great political parties, in 

whose ranks are enrolled nearly all the voters of the United States; 

and whoever voted at the last Presidential election voted for the 

adoption of the principles and policy expressed by those declarations, 

whether he voted with the one or the other of the two great parties. 

Both candidates for the Presidency were pledg·ed to the adoption and 

execution of the policy of restriction thus declared by their respective parties, and the candidate who was successful at the polls, in his 

letter of acceptance, not only gave expression to the sentiment of hi~:~ 

party and the country, but, w1th a clearness and conciseness which tli~;tinguished all his utterances upon great public questions, gave 

the reasons for that public sentiment. He said : 

The recent movement of the Chinese to our Pacific coast partakes but little of 

the qualities of an immigration. either in its purposes or results. It is too much 

like an importation to be welcomed without restriction; too much like an invasion to be looked upon without solicitude. We c::umot consent to allow any form of 

Rervile labor to be introduced among us under the guise of immigration. 

Further on, in speaking of the probable results of the labors of the 

commission then in China, he said: 

Should these efforts fail it will be the duty of Con~ess to miti~ate t11e evils 

already felt, and prevent their increase by such restrictions as, without violence or injustice~ will place on a sure foundation the pea{:e of our communities aud the 

freedom ana dignity of labor. 

With these words James A. Garfield-now of blessed memory-submitted his name for the suffrages of his countrymen; and when we remember the fact that by the publication of a clever forgery, which was intended to create a suspicion as to the sincerity of his expressions jnst quoted, he came near a defeat for the high office of President, the strength and universality 6fthe public opinion he so forcibly 

expressed becomes all the more manifest. 

The political history of this country may be searched in vain for an example of such perfect unanimity of expression by the parties at 

any time contending for political power upon a question of governmental policy. It would seem that the question of Chinese restriction 

has passed the ~Stage of argument. To such a policy both political 

parties are equally pledged, bound, and committed by the most solemn 

and deliberate acts and declarations, and if these declarations were made in earnest, this or a like measure will pass both Houses nearly 

unanimously. The vote upon this bill will determine, I think, 

whether the leaders of the two great political pa,rties of this country were in earnest in making these declarations, or whether they were made merely to deceive the people and to catch votes. 

In this connection it is proper also to consider the probable effect 

of a failure or refusal of CongreRs to pass this bill upon the introduction of Chinese coolies into the United States in the future. An 

adverse Yote upon such a measure is an invitation to the Chinese to come. It would be interpreted to mean that the Government of the 

United States had reversed its policy, and is now in favor of the unre- stricted importation of Chinese; that it looks with favor upon the Chine~:~e invasion now in progress. It is a fact well known that the 

hostility to the influx of Chinese npon the Pacific coast displayed by 

the people of California has operated as a restriction, and has discouraged the importation of Chinese to such a degree that it is probable that there are not a tenth part the number of Chinese in the 

country there would have been had this determined hostility never been shown. Despite the inhospitality, not to say resistance, of the 

California people to the Chinese, sometimes while waiting for the 

action of the General Government difficult to restrain within the 

hounds of peaceable assertion, they have poured through the Golden 

Gate in constantly increased numbers during the pa.st year, the total 

number of arrivals at San Francisco alone during 1881 being 18,561. 

Nearly two months have elapsed since the 1st of Janunry, and there 

have arrived, as the newspapers show, about four thousand more. The defeat. of this measure now is a shout of welcome a.cross the 

Pacific Ocean to a myriad host of these strang~ people to come and 

occupy the land, and it is a rebuke to the American citizens, who 

have so long stood guard upon the western shore of this continent, 

and who, seeing the danger, have with a fortitude and forbearance 

most admirable, raised and maintained the only barrier against a. 

stealthy, strategic, hut pca,ceful invasion as destructive in its results 

and more potent for evil than an invasion by an army with banners. 

An ad verse vote now is to commission under the broad seal of the 

United States, all the speculators in human labor, all the importers 

of human muscle, all the traffickers in human flesh, to ply theil· infa- mous trade without impediment under the protection of the American flag, and empty the teeming, seething slave pens of China upon 

the soil of California! I forbear further speculation upon the results 

likely to flow from such a vote, for it presents pictures to the mind 

which one would not willingly contemplate. . 'fhese considerations which I have presented ought to be, it seems to me, decisive of the action of the Senate upon this measure; and 

I should regard the argument as closed did I not know that there 

still remain those who do not consider the question as settled, and 

who insist npon further inquiry into the reasons for a policy of re- striction, as applied to the Chinese. I am not one of those who would 

place the consideration of consistency or mere appearances ·above 

considerations of right or justice; but since no change has taken 

place in our relations with China, nor in our domestic concerns, which 

renders a reversal of the action of the Government proper or neces- sary, I insist that if the measure of restriction was right and good 

policy when Congress pa-ssed the fifteen-passenger bill, and when 

the late treaty with China was negotiated and ratified, it is right 

and expedient now. This measure had its origin in California. It has been pressed with 

great vigor by the representatives of the Pacific coast in Congress 

for many years. It has not been urged with wild, vehement declamation by thoughtless men, at the behest of n,n ignorant, unthinking, 

prejudiced constituency. It has been supported by incontrovertible 

fact and pa sionless reasoning, and enforced by the logic of even"ts. 

Behind these representatives was an intelligent, conscientious public 

sentiment-universal in a constituency as honest, generous, intelligent, courageous, and humane as any in the Republic. 

It had been said that the advocates of Chinese restriction were to 

be found only among the vicious, unlettered, foreign element of 

California society. To show the fact in respect of this contention, 

the Legislature of California hl1878 provided for a vote of the people 

upon the que. tion of Chinese immigration (so called) to be had at 

the general election of 1879. The vote was legally taken, without 

excitement, and the response was general. When the ballots were counted, there were found to he 883 votes for Chinese immigration 

and 154,638 against it. A similar vote was taken i.J;l Nevada and 

resulted as follows: 183 votes for Chinese immigration and 17,259 

votes against it. It has been said that a count of noses is an inefi'ectual and illusory method of settling great questions, but this vote. of ,, these two States settled the contention intended to be settled; ancl ' 

demonstrated that the people of all others in the United States who 1..'"TIOW most of the Chinese evil, and who are most competent to judge 

of the necessity for restriction, are practically unanimous in the support of this measure. Is it to be supposed that this vote of California was the effect of :m hysterical spasm, which had suddenly seized the minds of 154,000 

voters, representing the sentiment of 800,000 people Y For nearly 

thirty yea-rs this people had witnt!ssed the effects of cooly importation. For more than a quarter of a century these voters had met face 

to face, considered, weighed, and discussed the great question upon 

which they were at last called upon, in the most solemn and deliberate 

manner, t.o express an opinion. I do not cite this extraordinary vote as a conclusive argument in favor of Chinese restriction; but I present it as an importantfactsuggestive of argument. It may be that 

the people who have been brought face to face with the Chinese invasion are all wrong, and that those who have seen nothing of it, who 

have but heard something of it, are more competent (being disinterested) to judge of its possible, probable, and actual effects, than 

those who have had twenty or thirty years of actual continuous 

experience and contact with the Chinese colony in America; and it 

may be that the Chinese question is to be settled upon considerations 

other than those practical common sense reasons and principles 

which form the basis of political science. 

It has Rometimes happened in dealing with great questions of governmental policy that sentiment, or a sort of emotional inspiration, 

has seized the minds of those engaged in the solution of great problems, by which they have been lifted up into the ethereal heights or moral abstraction. I trust that while we attempt the path of inquiry in this instance we shall keep our feet firmly upon the earth. 

This question relates to this planet and the temporal government of some of its inhabitant~:~; it is of the earth earthy; it involves principles of economic, social, and political science, rather than a question of morals ; it is a question of national policy, and should_be su IJjected to philosophical analysis. Moreover the question is of to-day. 

The conditions of the world of mankind at the present moment are 

those with which we have to deal. If mankind existed now in one grand co-operative society, in one universal union, under one system 

of laws, in a vast homogeneous brotherhood, serenely beatified, innocent of fin selfish aims and unholy desires, with one yjsible temporal ruler, whosejudgmentsshould bejustice and whose sway should 

be eternal, then there would be no propriety in this measure. But the millennium has not yet beo-un, and man exists now, as be 

has existed always-in the economy of-Providence-in societiee called 

nations, separated by the peculiarities if not the antipathies of race. 
1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1483 

In truth, the history of mankind is for the most part descriptive of 

racial conflicts and the struggles between nations for existence. By a perfectly natural process these nations have evolved distinct civilizations, as diverse in the-ir characteristics as the races of men from 

which they have s-prung. These may be properly grouped into two 

grand divisions, the civilization of the East and the civilization of 

the West. These two great and diverse civilizations have finally met on the American shore of the Pacific Ocean. The history of the human race describes a westward march from the plains of Asia, where man began his career many centuries ago, as steady and persisteni as the 

stars in their courses. Nations have been planted on new soil and 

afterward supplanted, and the grand progressive movement has been 

westwarrl., passing every barrier, overcoming every obstacle, until on the Californian shore of the Pacific the man of the West has met the man of the Orient. Mankind has made the circuit of the globe. The 

great consummation has been reached, the earth bas been girdled, 

the grand march is ended. It is the achievement of all the ages, and 

its fulfillment marks the most important epoch in the history of man. 1\lr. Seward, in speaking ofthis event, here in the Senate once said: 

Certainly no mere human event of equal dignity and importance has ever occurred on the earth. 

The two civilizations which have here met are of diverse elements 

and character, both the result of evolution under different conditions, 

radically antagonistic, and as impossible of amalgamation as are the 

two great races who have produced them. The attempt to merge 

them must result, as both reason and experience teaches, in the displacement of one or the other. Like the mixing of oil and water, 

neither will absorb the other. The Chinese have been established on the Pacific coast for more than a quarter of a century, and have 

displayed every pha-se and characteristic of their ancient civilization, 

all this time under the p1·essure of .American laws and the example 

of American methods, brought into direct contact with western civilization and subjected to the powerful influence of modern thought 

and Christian teaching; and they have remained as fixed in their 

habits, methods, and modes of life as if they bad all this time lived 

in the l\fountains of the Moon. Not the slightest im-pression has been ma~e upon them or the peculiar civilization which they brought with 

them. Their modes of life remain the same, which they and their 

ancestors have pursued for fifty centuries in their fierce struggle for 

existence. They have been unable or unwilling to change the hauits 

and character which have been forced upon them and ground into 

them by necessity and a heredity as old as the records of man. Nor 

does our experience with the Chinese differ in this respect from that 

of other nations who have admitted them. 

It is a fact of history that wherever the Chinese have gone they 

have always taken their hauits, methods, and civilization with them ; 

and history fails to record a single example in which they have ever lost them. They remain Chinese always and everywhere; changeless, fixed, and unalterable. In this respect they differ from all other 

peoples who have come to our shores. The men of every other race or nation who go abroad, sooner or later, adopt the civilization of 

the people by whom they are surrounded, and a-ssimilate with or are absorbed in the mass of humanity with which they come in constant 

001il.tact. The Chinese are alone perfectly unimpressible, and even their offspring born on American soil and who have grown up sur- rounded by American influences are Chinese in every characteristic 

of mind, feature, form, habit, and method, precisely the same as tkeir fathers and their ancestors in China. We have found that no impression has b~en or can be made upon the civilization which con- fronts ours on the Pacific coast. .An" irrepressible conflict" is now upon us in full force, and those who do not see it in progress are not so wise as the men who saw the approach of that other "irrepressible conflict" which shook the very foundations of .American empire 

upon this continent. 

If we continue to pennit the introduction of this strange people, 

with their peculiar civilization, until they form a considerable part 

of our population, what is to be the effect upon the American people 

aud Anglo-Saxon civilization 'I Can these two civilizations endure 

side by side as two distinct and hostile forces 7 Can these two forces 

abide in such close relation without conflict 'I Is .American civilization as unimpressible as Chinese civilization 'I When the end comes for one or th(,) other, which will be found to have survived T Can 

they meet half way, and so merge in a mongrel race, half Chinese 

and half Caucasian, as to produce a civilization half pagan, half 

Christian, semi-oriental, altogether mixed and very bad f 

I insist that these questions are practical, and must have answers. We have already seen in California that the .American people are fur more impressible than the stoical Chinese, and the influence of 

Chinese methods and practices upon the social economy and moral 

condition of our people is plainly visible. The presence of the Chi- nese has produced a labor system which is unique; at least different 

from that of any other part of the United States. This is seen in 

the wandering, unsettled habits of white farm laborers, who, forced 

into competition with the Chinese, have been compelled to -adopt 

their nomadic haoit. So that the willte farm laborer in California 

has no home in the family he serves, as in these Eastern States, but 

he is a "blanket man," who works in the fields only during the 

planting aucl harvest seasons, roaming the remainder of the year in 

search of other employment, his shelter the straw stack, and his food 

anything he can get. Under this system the great wheat growers 

carry on immense operations without the necessity of employing con- tinuous labor, and the result is, large farming, to the exclusion of 

small .American homes. 

The new element in .American society called the "hoodltun" is the 

result of Chinese competition in the manufacturing districts in California, by which young people of both· sexes are driven to idleness 

in the streets. Strange and iucurable maladies, loathsome and infectious di eases have been introduced which no medical skill can circ,\mscribe or extirpate, and the stupefying, destructive opium habit 

is steadily increasing among our people. These and many other 

evidences of the demoralizing influence of Chinese civilization are open to the dullest observation. It is said, however, that the Chinese 

do not come in sufficient numbers nor remain long enough in the 

country to disturb the equilibrium of .American society, or threaten a chan~e iu American institutions or the adulteration of our civilization. Individual Chinese come and go. .As a people they remain. 

The number of Chinese in the United States is increasing constantly 

from year to year, as steadily as the steamships come and go. 

It is a fact of history that the Chinese have never aba.ndoned any 

region wherein they have ever established themselves as they have on the Pacific coast. They have never more than temporarily quitted 

any soil upon. which they have ever been planted. Regarded by 

superficial observers as the most inert and pusillanimous of all peoples, they are on the contrary the most successful conquerors the 

world has ever known, because they have held all they have ever conquered, and conquered every territory they have ever invaded. 

.And uot only so; whenever China has been invaded, the invaders 

have been absorbed and finally conquered. To the central kingd~m 

China has atlded one by one, by her peculiar methods of conquest, 

and still holds, the vast countries of Mongolia, Mancoohria, Thibet, 

and. Ea-stern Turkistan, and now by a peaceful invasion she threatens 

to entirely overwhelm Siam and Formosa. The complete conquest 

of the Hawaiian Islands by the same insidious method is assured 

within ten years, unless vigorous measures are applied to prevent it. 

As invaders the Chinese are th~ most persistent, subtle, and suc- cessful. They overran the Philippine Islands three centuries ago, 

and despite adverse laws, indignities, cruelties, and horrible massa- cres, these stubborn invaders have never been more than temporarily checked. The first resistance to the Chinese on those islands 

culminated in the slau~hter of twenty thousand of them, nearly the 

whole Chinese populatwn, but within thirty years they again num- bered over thirty thousand. .Another slaughter then ensued in which 

twenty-two thousand Chinese were killed, but the undaunted sur- vivors remained and were joined by thousands of their countrymen 

until1710, when all were expelled and commerce between the islands 

and China was prohibited. All this has not availed against Chinese 

persistence; there are ninety thousand Chinese now in Manilla alone. 

Confronted, a-s we are on the Pacific, with our hundred and fifty 

nnllions of people, who have furnished such an historical example as this, the ocean barrier almost overcome by modern science in ship 

building; the invasion already in progress; forcible resistance upon sea or land forbidden to us; the remedy of State legislation denied 

to us; the invaders aided by the enterprise and cupidity of speculators in cheap labor, has not the time for the action of the General 

Gov-ernment come f That an exodus from the province of Kwang 

Lung to the United States ha-s not only begun, but has been in steady 

progress for many years, cannot be denieti. Had this hegira been _ general in all the provinces of China in the same ratio as to population, and the admission of the invaders as untrammeled as it has 

been in respect of those who have come, and the transit as ea-sy, there 

would have been already in the United States more than thirteen 

millionsofChinese, all able-bodied men. These, withfamilies, would 

represent a population of over sixty millions. ' 

This would have long ago degraded the Pacific States and Territories to the condition of a Chinese province, and made them a howling wilderness of Chinese. Why have they not come ¥ Because of 

the cost and inadequacy of transportation, and because of the hostility and vehement opposition of the people of California. It was not for want of disposition to come. Had the labor brokers, the 

speculators in human muscle, u.ared to import more than have come there were millions of hunO'ry, half-starved Chinese of the northern 

provinces eager to come. For those who came, openin~s were found 

for their labor by their importers before they left China. No risk was taken. 

During the late depression in bu iness affairs, which existed fo:-

three or four years in California, while thousands of white men and women were walking the streets, begging and pleading for an opportunity to give their honest labor for any wages, the great steamers 

made their regular arrivals from China, and discharged at thew harves 

of San Francisco their accustomed cargoes of Chinese, who werA 

conveyed throu~~ the city to the distributing deus of the Six Com .. panies, and witnin three or four days after arrival every Chinaman was in his place at work, and the white people unemployed still 

went about the streets. This continued until the white laboring 

men ro e in their desperation and threatened the existence of the 

Chinese colony, when the influx was temporarily checked; but now, 

since business has revived and the pressure is removed, the Chi- nese come in vastly increased numbers, the excess of arrivals over departures averaging about one thousand per month at San Francisco alone. The importers of Chinese find no difficulty in OOClli· 
1484 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 2 

ing openings for their cargoes now, and when transportation from I Alone in its bnsy solitude this nation has wrought :md struggled, 

California to the Eastern States is cheapened, as it soon will he, never uutil lately looking up or out upon the world to note the 

they. will.extend their operations into the Middle and Eastern States, triumph or failures of contending nationalities. These are the only 

unless proven ted by law, for wherever there is a white man or woman people who have beeu contented to he alone. They have never at work for wages,· whether at the shoe bench, in the factory, or on sought to teach nor desired to be taught. They have enacted their 

the farm, there is an opening for a Chinaman. No matter how low long, doleful drama of life, with its numberless tragedies, upon a the wages may be, the Chinaman can afford to work for still lower stage all their-own, and with. out an audience. From the days when 

wages, and if the competition is free, he will take the white man's the far-off mysterious Ca~hay was the wonder-land of all the worl<.l 

place. beside· down the centuries unti 1 now the spirit of seclusion, the habit 

At this point we are met by the query from a certain class of politi- of isolation, has ruled the Chinese people. Their written language 

cal economists, "What of itT Suppose the Chinese work for lower is forty-two hundred years old, but their history, as written upon the 

wages than white men, is it not advantageous to the country to em- physical face of their country, is far older. The deposits within the 

ploy them f" The first answer to such question is, that by this pro- dikes of the Hoang Ho, if made in about the same ratio as the deposits cess white men are supplanted by Chinese. It is a substitution of of the Nile, show that the construction of those dikes was begun 

Chinese and their civilization for white men and Anglo-Saxon civil- more than nine thomoand years ago. . ization. This involves considerations hlgher than mere economic For probably one hundred centuries those people have been cultitheories. If the Chinese are as desirable as citizens, if they are in all vators of the soil. Their written history discloses no change in their 

the essential elements of manhood the peers or the superiors of the system of cultivation, nor in any of their methods for the production 

Caucasian"; if they will prd'tect American interests, foster American of the means of subsistence. Human labor has never been raised 

institutions, and become the patriotic defend11rs of republica!!- gov- above the standard of mere brute energy in the cultivation of the 

erument; if their civilization does not antagonize ours nor contarni- soil. Men and women perform the work of beasts, because their 

nate it; if they are free, independent men, fit for liberty and self- labor is cheaper than the brute labor. The subsistence of one beast 

government as European immigrants O'enerally are, then we may costs in China more than the subsistence of ti.ve men, and this shuts 

begin argument upon the question whether it is better or worse, wise out the brute from the domestic economy of the Chinese. Their ci v- or unwise, to permit white men, American citizens, or men of kin- ilizatiou culminated before western civilization began, and has no dred races, to be supplanted and the Chinese to be substituted in element of progress in it. The literature, art, science, or religio• of 

their places. Until all this and more can be shown the advocates of western nations has made no impression upon the Chinese. They 

Chinese importation or immigration have no base upon which to have remained the same through all the changes of the world, auu even begin to build argument. they are now a people as dift'erent from all other peoples in their 

But in saying this I would not be understood as seeking to avoid characteristics, habits, methods, and physical appearance as if they 

the economic question in respect of the relation of cheap labor to the were the inhabitants of another planet. 

production of national wealth. Far from it. It would be au easy The Government of China has always been imperial in form and 

task to show, as I believe, that the prevalence of cheap labor or low in practice a corrupt despotism. The gulf which lies between the 

wages, instead of being the cause of the wealth or prosperity of a rulers and the common people is wider anu deeper and darker than 

people existing under free government, is the indubitable evidence of exists in any other land. The rulers have grown richer and richer, 

national poverty and decay. Cheap labor is not a cause of any public and the people poorer and poorer, until the normal condition of the 

good, hut an effect of a vicious economic system. It is necessary to lower orders is that of the most degrading, pinching poverty; and a perception of the truth, in the investigation of such questions, to so has it been for many centuries. To them life is a monotonous 

consider the principles of that higher political economy which not agony. Men and women are sold into slavery, and go into a 11ondonly elucidates the la-ws which govern the production and clistribu- age, from which there is no escape except by death, without emotion 

tion of wealth, but subjects the elements and causes of national pros- or re~ret. So low is the estimate upon human life, and such is the 

perity or adversity to searching philosophical analysis, and exhibits feromty of Chinese government, that men are beaten to death by the 

clearly to view whatever constitutes the real wealth of a nation. bamboo for trivial offenses. 

Temporarily, and under peculiar conditions, cheap labor might be It is said that in some of the provinces more female infants aro an advantage, but when we consider our condition and are confronteu e~"})osed or murdered by their parents than are named; and this withby the fact that the introduction into our country of an alien race of out danger of punishment. The great question in China for thon men who perform the cheap labor operates as a displacement of the sands of years has been the question of subsistence. ;I' he Chinese are natives of the soil, man for man, and substitutes a non-assimilative, a people who have increased and kept up their numbers constantly to 

heterogeneous people utterly unfit for and incapable of free or self- the limit of subsistence without the interposition of any intelligent 

government, the question assumes proportions which are not to be restraint. Civil wars, famine, pestilence, infanticide, and emigrarueasured by the application of mere economic theories. tion have from time to tin1e served to relieve the pressure of human To tho e who have not studied the history of raee conflicts, nor life upon the means of subsistence, but as soon as the pressure has 

witnessed the social and industrial phenomena now open to view in been relieved, by these or any other means, the measure of increase 

the Pacific States, it may seem strange and improbable that the ap- has again been filled to the utmost limit, so that China has been an parently insignificant, dwarfed, leathery little man of the Orient overpopulated country for thousands of years. In this persistent 

should, in the peaceful contest for surviv~tl, drive the Anglo-Saxon dreary struggle for existence the lawofthe "survival ofthefittcst " 

from the field. This was at first thought impossible in California, has h.ad full play, and from the process of induration which has been 

and it was not until it became apparent that the Chinese were actu- so long at work a race of men has resulted whose vitar orgn.nism is 

ally sub tituting themselves for white men, as the occupants of the adapted to the smallest needs of human life, with a capacity for physPacific coast, that the fearless, confident, generous Californian be- ical endurance equal to that of the most stalwart races. lieved it possible. How, by what process and method, tills can be During the thousands of years of training which this race of men and ha..~ been done, has been illustrated by essayists and publicists, has undergone, in which they have been accustomed to incessant toil 

in writings and speeches which would fill many volumes, until there anu insufficient food, the individuals who were too weak to endure 

is, perhaps, nothing new to be said upon the subject. I would call the strain have fallen out, and none but the "fittest" have sur- attention to the very able pamphlet of Profess()r Whitney, recently vived to become the progenitors of their race. The laborers of China 

published; to the strong article of Mr. Dee, published in the North are therefore men, who by long training and a hereclity which is 

American Review in 1878; to the report made to the Senate of Cali- stamped upon them and O'J.'Ound into them through centuries of time, 

fornia in 1877 ; to the several speeches heretofore made in Con~ress have become machine-like in every physical characteristic. They 

by the representatives of the Pacific coast, and to the report of tbo are of obtuse nerve, bnt little affected by heat or cold, wiry, sinewy, 

committee of Congress, of which Sena.tor Morton was a member, as with muscles of iron; they are automatic engines of flesh and blood; some of the more prominent of these essays, writings, and speeches. they are patient, stolid, unemotional, anll persistent, with such a Iu the discussion of this subject numerous facts are invokell, with marvelousframeanddigestive apparatus thattheycandispensewith 

their complex relations in respect of the political, social, and iudns- the comforts of shelter and subsist on the refuse of other men, and 

trial conditions of the two mces here llrought in contact. In order grow fat on less than half the food necessary to sustain life in the 

to form a true conception of the present capabilities, characteristics, Anglo-Saxon. \Ve have found that these men bring with them these 

purposes, and tendencies of the Chinese, a careful study of their his- wonderful qualities, and never lose them through all the changes of 

tory is necessary. Nor cari any perception of the future relatious climate aud food which they meet in this country; and they never which those people shall sustain toward our people be foriii:ed with- change or abandon their habits or methodsnomatterwhattheirsurout a knowledge of the presentconditionoftheirrace, theirciviliza- rounuings may be. They herd together like beast.s in pbces where tiou, government, and laws. One may well despair of giving this white men could not live; they clothe t}.lemselves in the cheapest raisubject the treatment its importance demands, in the time usually ment as they have always done in China, anu subsist on cheap food 

allotted to a speech in the Senate; for the history of China is the imported for their u e and the refuse of our ma.rkets. 

hi8tory of a people who comprise one-third of the human race, and No matter how low the wages of the white man are fixed, the Chiit extends so far into the remote past that the student of its mys- nese underbid him. Competition with such a machine by the free 

teries can in a lifetime do but little more than read the title pages white man is impossible. To compete with the Chinese the white 

of its p<mderoUB volumes. It is the history of a people whose form man must become such a man as the Uhinaman is. He must work 

of government, institutions, and civilization have endured without as the Chin:unan works, subsist on as cheap food, inure himself to 

change through forty centuries or more, and survived the rise and the same disgusting and parsimonious diet. He must adopt the p!:t,Ckfull, the death and decay of the mightiest nations and empires ever ing habit, in which the shelter and space now required for one will 

established on the earth. be sufficient for ten; the u.nmarried must not marry, and those who 
1882. CONGRESSIONAL :&ECORD-SENATE. 1485 

have wives or chiluren must give up home and resort to the hovel. 

The school-house door can no longer swing open to admit the Ameri- can laborer's child, for under this grinding competition every human 

bein(J' out of pnling infancy must work for the means of subsistence. 

To c~mpete with the Chinese, American civilization must change; 

all the comforts, the plea-sing amusements, the sweet pleasures of 

existence, all that makes life worth Hying to those .who ~or.k wi_th 

their hands, must be surrendered; nothmg left but toil-grmdrng, 1 ncessant, wearisome toil; nothing but a career of misery, want, selfflen ial, ignorance, ~d d u.m b slavery i~ o_pen f~r the Americ~n laborer. 

To this low level will Chrnese competitiOn brrng the labormg people 

of the United States, down to the degradation, the demoralization, 

the unhappy, miserable condition of the Chinese cooly. If the Chi- nese could be lifted up to the level of the free American, to ihe adoption and enjoyment of American civilization, the case would be better; 

but this cannot be done. 

Forty centuries of Chinese life has made the Chinaman what he is. 

An eternity of years cannot make him such a man as the Anglo-Saxon. 

It is a-s impossible to bring the Chinaman up to the American standard as it is cruel and wicked to risk, by any experiment, the degradation of the American laborer to the Chinese standard. The experiment now being tried in California is to subject Amercan free labor 

to competition with Chinese servile labor, and so far as it has gone, 

it has put in pro~ress the displacement of American laborers, and the 

substitution of chinese for white men. This process will continue 

if permitted until the white laborer is driven out into other fields, or until those who remain in the contest come down to the Chinese 

level. 

As illustrative of this process, I will submit the following undeniable facts. In San Francisco the Chinese began some fifteen years arro to enter the manufacturing establishments as operatives, then 

operated entirely by white people. They were dexterous and apt, 

and the work of displacement of the whites went steadily on. vVages were cut down, and still the Chinese underbid the white man, and in some of the factories the whole nUUiber of white employes were supplanted. The more intelligent Chinese, who had learned the art 

and busine sin which they had been employed, began a co-operative system of Chinese manufacture, and numerous factories sprung 

up, carried on wholly by Chinese in competition with their old em- plo-yer . Chinese proprietors imported laborers from China, who came under contracts for a term of year , a-s they all come, and 

workeu out their passage money at the wages paid in China, three or fonr dollars per month. For example, I will cite the manufacture of boots and shoes. The number of boot and shoe factories now in San Francisco is 60. The number carried on by white proprietors is 12. The nUUiber carried on by Chine~e is 48. The number of 

slipper factories is 50; all carried on by Chinese. The number of 

Chinese employed in making boots, shoes, &c., is 5,700. Number of 

white people so employed, is 1,100. 

Mr. HOAR. [wish toasktheSenatorifhe hasonestatisticalfact, 

in connection with the very interesting one which he has stated, 

that the wages of the white persons employerl in those factories 

where they still employ white persons range at a rate higher or lower than the corresponding wages of Chine e in the same employmentf 

Mr. MILLER, of California. I cannot give the ratio. 

Mr. HOAR. Of course I ought not to intrude in the Senator's 

argument, but the reason of my putting the question was that I have 

been furnished with some statistics to show that in the occupations 

where Chinese labor was employed it is still true that the wages of 

the white employes are much larger than the corresponding wages 

of t-he Chinese. 

Mr. MILLER, of California. That ma.y be. That would be the case in all branches of labor. You must remember that wages were very much higher. The point is that wages have been constantly 

going down and are still on the downward grade. Probably they ma,y go down lower. I fancy that the Chinese can come in competition with your laborers of the East anu bring wages down to one- quarter what they are in Massachusetts. 

The statistics of the manufacture of cigars in San Francisco are still more suggestive. This business was formerly carried on exclnsively by white people, many hundreds finding steady and lucrative 

employment in that trade. I have here the certified statement from 

the office of the collector of internal revenue at San Francisco, showing the number of white people and Chinese, relatively, employed on the 1st of November la-st in the manufacture of cigars. The state- ment is a follows: 

NumbP.rofwhite men employed--·---·---------···---·------··--·--·---·-·· • 493 

Number of white women employed .. ____ ·-----·---·-: ··--·-----------------· 170 

Total whites. ___ ·- ... ________ ... __ . _____ ...... _. __ ... . _. __ .. --·-·-- __ . 663 

Number of Chil1eso employed ... .. ... . _ .. --------·---._ .. ·-·-----···-··-·-- _ 5,182 

The facts of this statement were carefully a-scertained by three 

deputy collectors. The San Francisco As embly of Trades 'certify 

that there are 8,26[) Chinese employed in latmdries. It is a wellknowll fact that white women who formerly did this work have been 

f]nite driven out of tllat employment. Tbe same authority certifie~ 

that the nl11llber of Chinese now employed in the manufacture of clothin~ in San Francisco is 7,510, and the number of whites so em- ployed IS 1,000. In many industries the Chinese have enj;irely supplanted the white laborers, and thousands of onr white people have 

quit California and sought immunity from this grinding competition 

in other and better-favored regions. 

It is a nece sity of the civilization of the white people of the Pacific, as it is here, that labor shall have a reward sufficient for the 

comfortable maintenance of families, the education of children, the 

cultivation of refinement in manners and morals, the sustenance of' 

the physical organism by sufficient nutrition, and to enable the 

laborer to have that uegree of leisure necessary for intellectual ex- pansion. The Chinese in California generally have no families to 

support or educate; their wants are few and the requirements of 

their civilization demand but a meager outlay. The contest is un- equal. It ought not to be permitted to proceed. Under such con- ditions as exist in California the purchasers of labor, the rich and 

independent employers, are a~grandized, and the laboring class is 

impoverished and degraded. The rich grow richer and the poor grow 

poorer. 

If this system is extended into the States oftheEast, (and there are Chinese in all the States now but two,) the same result will follow, 

for the Chinese will thrive just as well in the older States as in the new. The margin between the rate of wages to which the Chinese 

have been accustomed, or upon which they can flourish, and the 

rates which your laboring people of the Eastern States receive, or must have to live, is wide enough to tempt millions of these orientals 

into so rich and promising a field. I here invoke the application of 

the protective principle for the benefit of American labor on the Pacific coast, and for the ultimate benefit of American labor in all the 

States. You protect American industry here in these States by high 

tariffs upon the importation of foreign manufactures. This you do 

to protect the American laborer from competition with what you call 

the cheap pauper labor of other lands. In California our white 

lj1borers are forced into competition with a cheaper labor than the 

"pauper labor of Europe," :md that, too, with the worse tha,n "pauper" laborer himself on the ground. You tax the product of European cheap labor for the protection of the American laborer from low 

wuges. In California the cheapest laborer of all the world is admitted 

free to compete with our American laborers directly. The Chinese can thrive in America on lower wages than will a:fford the "pauper" 

laborers anywhere in Europe a mere frugal subsistence. And in this 

connection I venture to say, and I hope without offense, that if a. speech shall be made in the Senate in opposition to Chinese restriction, I shall not be surprised if it be made by a protectionist. Not 

perhaps by a protectionist who advocates high tariff primarily for the 

protection of American L.<tborers from low wages, but for the protection of what he calls" AmariclJ>n industry;" which is a convenient 

and comprehensive phrase. It !ncluues and is intended to be.descriptive of other interests than those of labor; interests which a certain 

class of political economists in this conn try regard as paramount to 

all others in the adjustment of tariff laws. 

The average American manufacturer is interested generally in two 

things, namely, the hi~hest protective tariff, and. the cheapest labor. If he can secure these all else desirable speedily follows. The 

first he has secured; the second he can readily obtain throu~h un- restricted Chinese immigration, if this measure shall be deteated. 

It is not difficult to perceive the orisin of that political economy 

which suggests high protective tariffs, and at the same time advocates the admission of servile laborers into the cotmtry without limit. 

It- means high prices for the products of manufacture, and low prices 

for the labor which produces them; the aggrandizement of capital 

and the debasement of labor; greater wealth for the wealthy aml 

greater poverty for the poor. But it ha-s been said that all the arguments we make against the admission of the Chinese cooly into 

direct competition with our free American laborer apply with equal 

force to the immi~ants who come from Europe, and that most of the 

objections we maKe against the Chinese apply to immi~ants from 

beyond the Atlantic, particularly the Irish. Now, if this were true 

it would furnish no argument in favor of the introduction of Chinese. 

It might be an argument against the European immigrants, but it 

is not true. 

European immigrants are men of the like mental and physical characteristics of the American laborer. They are of the same or a kindred race, trained tmder a like civilization, with similar aspirations, 

hopes, and tendencies. Their wants and necessities are the same, 

and they conform their habits, methods, and manners to th~se of the 

people by whom they are surrounded. The requirements of their 

social condition expand with their improving fortunes. They assimilate with American society and become a. part of the American people. The competition in the field of labor between such men and the 

American is a contest between equals. While the European immigrant augments production he becomes a liberal consumer. The Chi- naman clothes him elf in cheap imported fabrics, and his principal 

article of food is imported rice. The European immigrants build 

homes, rear families, a.nd surround themselves wit,h the luxuries and 

refinements of modern life. The Chinese take shelter in the hovel, or mass themselves in houses like swine in the sty, an<l send their 

wages to China. The accumulations of the European immigrants remain in the country and swell the aggregate wealth of the nation. 

Moreover, they are free, independent men, who control their own labor and their own destiny. They soon become the earnest defenden;offree inst,itutions and republican government. They unite their 
1486 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 28, 

fortunes with ours, enjoy our prosperity, and brave our disaster . They staml shoulder to ~boulder with us in ~attle for the defense of 

the Republic and the mamtenance of the natiOnal honor. • The Chinese come as a servile people and are held w bile in the conn- try in n. bondage of fear by the ''Six Companies," by whose will their 

labor is controiled and dll·ected. The manner of their coming and the 

character of this bondage is best explained by the correspondence of 

:Mr. Bailey, consul at Hong-Kong, with the State Department, under 

date of April25, 1871. He says: 

The subject of Chinese emigration from this l?ort to the United States has claimed 

my careful t.houp;ht and patient investigation tor the la-st four months, with a. view to get at the facts, and to tmrlerstand it in its surroundings anrl bearings. 'l'he 

whole subject is an anomaly. Rules that will do elsewhere in the worltl, when applied in considering questions of immigration, have no application to Chinese immi!!I'ation to the Unite<l States. Immigrants to .America. from other parts of the wo~ ld go of their owu volition, free ann voluntary. EmiO'ration from China to all 

parts of the world is an organized business or trade, in wllich men of large capit:ll and bongs of great wealth engage as a regulartratlic, by which men are bought and 

sold for so much per bead, precisely as a piece of mercbanuise is handled, at it.~ 

market value. The poor laborer of Europe applies his own scanty means to get to the land of promise, or is assisted by his friends, charitable societies, or benevo- lent institutions to reach a place where he hopes to have his toil properly requited, where his labor will inure to his own benefit. The cooly of China is bought by the 

t·ich trader to serYe his purchaser at low wages for a series of year. in a foreign conn try, under contract for the faithful performance of which in m3.lly in~tances ne !!ives a mortga~e on his wife and childt·en, with a stipulation that at the end of his term of service he is to be brought back to China by his purcha:>er. This contract is sold by the dealer through his agents in the United ::5tates aml elsewhere at a larue advance, and iRa source of ~reat profit to the capitali ts who have the means to Guy and sell lar~e numbers ot men. This contract in the United States is no doubt null and voin, but nevertheless the cooly will comply strictl,v with all its 

terms, a copy of which in Chinese characters is always in hi possession, and this 

he will clo because his purchaser holds his household lares in tbe land to which he 

alwavs hopes and e~ects to return in pledge for tile faithful performance of his 

bonds. The central1dea of a Chinaman's religion, if he has any religion at all, is 

that of the worship of the tombs of' his ancestors. The superstitions of Fung- Shnsy dominate hrm wherever he may be in the worlcl. The subtile my ticisms of 

China, so strangely governing all its people in their social, political, aml quasi religious life, are as a hook in his nose, by which his purchaser controls him at ull 

times a.nd in all places; and thus this I'elation of master and quasi slave, no mat- ter how many miles apart, is welded by the myst.i.callinks of religi.OllS superstition, 

f11mily ties, and rights of ancestral tombs, which control and regulate the reciprocal duties of trader and cooly in the home-land. 

The means of obtaining coolies are as various as the ingenuity of man can clevise, an<l anl as r.orrupt a-s the incentive to large gains can stimulate and invent. 

Men ancl boys are decoyed by all sorts of tricks, opiates, and illusory promises 

into the haunts of the traders. Once in the clutches of these men-dealers, by a ~ystem of treachery and teiTorism connived at by the local Chine. e authorities, 

whose chief business in life is to "squeeze" the people, the stupefied cooly is over- awed into making a contract under such Chinese intluences and surroundings as to give it a saCI-edriess of character nowhere else known in the world. From that moment be is the mere tool of the tich dealer wherever he m:1.y go. It is difficult 

for persons accustomed to western civilization to understand the depth and extent of this relationship; but Chinese civ-ilization is unique, perhaps opaque, and can- not be measured by that of any other. 

This is the testimony of many writers and travelers in China, and 

is evidenced very fully in the report made to Congress by the joint 

Congressional committee and also in the report m!l.de in the Callforma Senate in 1877. Snch are the Chinese who are called "immigrants." We of the Pacific coa-st have tried all varieties of men as "immigrants," and our experience suggests a warm and generous welcome 

to our shore of the German, the Irishman, the Scandinavian, tile 

Halian, and all who come from beyond the Atlantic; but of Chine e we have enough, and would be glad to exchange those we have for 

any white people under the sun. It has been urged, however, that we have no right to discriminate against the people of any raco or nation who desire to come t.o the United States, and that it has been 

the uniform policy of our Government to welcome the men of all races and nations to our shores. To this I answer, that, in respect of the 

Chinese, our Government has agreed with China that we may discriminate as a~ainst a certain class of her people. That settles the 

question of rignt as between the United States and China. I know 

that it has been said that the right of expatriation, as interpreted by 

certain American publicists, carries with it the right of settlement, 

by those who expatriate themselves, in any country and· among any 

people they may choose, without tile consent of the nation into whose 

territory they may go. By this new theory the right of expatriation 

is exalted into a higher law than treaties or constitutions. I do not 

regard it a.s necessary or profitable to enter into a discussion of this 

doctrine at this time. 

The right and power of a nation to protect itself against the introO.uction of any class of immigrants or invaders whom it may regard as either dangerous to its peace and happiness or undesirable from 

any other cause bas not been questioned by any jurist or writer on international law of eminence, or who is recorrnized as authority. 

Self-preservation is the foundation principle of the constitution of 

nations. The law of self-preservation, if not the higher law, anteelat-es all other human laws, and is .instinctively recognized by all 

peoples as a fundamental law of national life. A people deprived of 

the power to exercise the right of self-preservation cannot be said to ue a nation. Now, as to the policy of this Government in respect of 

immigration. Is it true that the invitation has been general without 

discrimination as to the varieties of men who have been encouraged 

to come f The naturalization laws of a nation illustrate its policy 

upon the subject of immigration. When theso are liberal, immig-r::otion is encouraged; when they are stringent and obstructive, immigmtion is discouraged and not desired. 

In the days of Rome's great.est power, no foreigner could be naturalized unless he had rendered eminent service to the Roman state, 

and then only by a vote of the senate. In the prosperous days of 

the Athenian r epublic no foreigner could become a citizen of Athens 

except by a vote of the electors twice ha-d, and then only in case the 

applicant received over 6,000 votes at the second election. After 

destructive wars had depleted the armies of both these nations, and 

immigrants were desired to re-enforce their ranks, the ricror of the 

natm·alization laws was relaxed and citizens were made of~oreigners almost without limit. So in all countries; the encouraO'ement given 

to immigration is measured by the state of the naturalization laws. 

The Chinese and other oriental colored people have never been en- couraged to come by our naturalization laws. They never could npmt 

any condition. become citizens of the United States nuder our law~. 

The policy has therefore been a policy of discrimination a.s practiced 

by onr Government, and not only so, but a discrimination a~ain t 

particular races. Was it without reason t There was and 1 not 

only this race discrimination again t the Chinese in our naturalization laws, but also in the treaty 'vith China 1.-rnown as the Burlingame treaty, which contains an expre s provision against the naturalization of Chine e in the United States. This wa and is notice 

to all Chine,e that they would not and will not be admitted upon the 

term accorded to immigrants from European conntrie . Iu dealing with any other people such a notice would have discom·aged immigration. But why this discrimination as againBt tho 

Chine e t It was because they are unfit for the responsibilities, duties, 

atul privile~~s of American citizenship. This is the declaration of 

yonr uatm·atization laws. That they never will become fit for American citizenship is proven by the experience of thirty years on the 

Pacific coat. What, then, is to be the statu.1 of a race of men who 

form a considerable part of the population (Jf a State and are unfit 

for and not admitted to citizenship The presence in this country 

of a great number of people of an alien race, who do not and cannot a similate with our people, and who are so hardened and fixed in 

their habits and characteristics, so inflexible in all their methods of 

life, and who practice a civilization so utterly antagonistic to ours that they are unfit to exercise the rights of citizenship, must of neces- sity always be a disturbing element. lftheyshould be admitted to 

citizenship, the.n there would be a new element introduced into the 

governing power of this nation, which would be the most venal, 

irresponsible, ignorant, and vicious of all the bad elements which 

have been infused into the body-politic-an element disloyal to American intitutions, inimical to republican liberty, scornful of American 

civilization, not fit for self-government and unfit to participate in 

the government of others-a people destitute of conscience or the 

moral sense. In every State wherein the Chinese might ecure domicile there would be a mass of voters, sufficiently numerous probably 

to bold the balance of power in elections, who would be for sale to 

the best bidder. They would esteem the suffrage only for the mont'y 

they could make out of it. 

I need only suggest such a condition of affairs to convince any 

thoughtful man that no greater evil could come upon the Republic 

than this. And if the Chinese are permitted to come and re ide in 

the United States; to become denizens of our cities and the occu- pants of our lands; if by any action of Congre s they are invited to come and form a part of thiR nation, on what grounds will American 

citizenship be denied them f If they are free men and are to remain 

free, and are fit to dwell among our people, will not the sentiment 

which admits them demand for them all the rights of citizenship Y 

We have a notable example before us. The same rea ons which induced the enfranchisement of the negro would be sooner or later 

urged with the same effect for the enfranchisement of the Chinese. 

But whether they remain pariahs or are made citizens they add a new peril to free government. In California the number of men capable 

of bearing arms or entering an army is about equally divided between 

the Chinese and the white people. If -this condition existed in the 

other Northern ~tates of the Union is it to be imagined that no race conflicts would ensue T Could free republican government be long 

maintained without such conflicts l Under such conditions, to admit 

the Chinese to citizenship would be to begin the wreck of the Repu blic. Elections would become a series of tragedies. The end of all 

would be a spectacle so inexpressibly sad, so awful and terrible, as to at once grieve and horrify the lovers of liberty and of peace and 

of justice throughout the world. 

There has sometimes appeared in the discussion of this subject a hazy sort of theory that it is unjust or illiberal to discriminate against 

any race or variety of men who seek residence in this country. Now, 

in this time, wh13n more than half the world of men are turning their 

eyes to this vh·Jin land of plenty, and are movinO' in upon u by 

millions, I believe that the national safety demands an intelligent 

di crimination, ar d that it is not only just ancl wi e but hnmane to 

keep the ba.c.l sorts out. The time for a judicious sifting proce s haA 

come, aud I wonld sift out the Chinese litborers first; not alone be-· cause they are laborer , but because they are unfit, alway· were and 

always will be unfit, for American citizenship. If the domain of this 

nation were large enough to furnish homes for all the myriad peoples who desire to come, and for their posterity, ;:tnd our system of gov- ernment were so flexible as to fit and cover all po ible conditions, 

and strong enough to meet all possible contingencies; if the power 

of as imilation were sufficient to digest and incorporate all race aud 

sorts of men into one homogeneous people, then objection migilt be 
1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1487 

maue against any discrimination in respect of the varieties of men who are crowding in upon us from the east and from the west. But 

this is not so. We are already a nation of fifty millions. The coun- try is now stocked with an intelligent, vigorous, and civilized people, in more than neces ary or desirable variety as to races. There 

is no need of immigration for the settlement or development of the 

country. Malthus cites the people of the United States as people who, by 

naturalincreasP alone, are capable of doubling their population every 

twenty-five years. Such a people, under fav_orable conditions as to 

space, food, and shelter, all writers upon this subject, such as Adam 

Smith, Voltaire, Macaulay, Buckle, agree will double their numbers 

at the most every thirty years. Our census reports are suggestive of 

thought in this connection. Making all due allowance for war, pesti- lence, and other extraordinary causes of destruction to human life, 

the -population of the United States should be in 1915 not less than one hundred millions, and in 1950, two hundred millions, without 

the aid of immigration, and so on in the same mtio until the increase 

of human life in this country should be limited only by the means of 

subsistence. Within one hundred years, which ought not to be 

regarded as a very long period in the life of a nation, the question 

of subsistence will be the "burning question" of the time, even though not another immigrant should ever land upon our shores. 

Why not, then, make selection among the millions who are coming 

to us and receive the best, those who are most easily assimilated, anu who become homogeneous wit.h our people 'f Why not discriminate 'I' 

Wby aid in the increase aud distributio.n over the surface of our domain of a degraded and inferior race, and the proaenitors of an inferior sort of men, to the exclusion of the highly civilized, progressive man of our own race 'f It is not numbers that are needed; 

quality is of more importance than quantity. One complete man, 

the product of free institutions and·a high civilization, is worth more to the world than hundreds of barbar1ans. 

Upon what other theory can we justify the almost co:r;nplete extermination of the Indian, the original possessor of all these States T I 

believe that one such man as \Vashington, or Newton, or Franklin, or Lincoln glorifies the Creator of the worlU and benefits mankind more than all the Chinese who have lived, and struggled, and died on the banks of the Hoang Ho. But it is said that in ordertoextend 

the benefits of republican government and free institutions to other 

peoples, we must admit to citizenship in this land men of all races and classes without distinction. I believe that the surest way to 

popularize and extend the blessings of civilli berty, :free government, 

and American institutions is by example. Let us keep pure the blood 

wbicb circulates throu~hour politicalsystem; dignify, ennoble, and 

exalt our sovereign-tne people; preserve our national life from the 

gangrene of oriental civilization; foster Alnerican institutions in 

their grandeur and purity i continue to educate and develop the intel- lect and elevate the moralS of the nation; in fine, let our civilization 

be progressive and make free government in the United States a perfect success, and an example will be furnished the world which will 

light the fires of liberty in every civilized land. - The matter of supreme importance to us and to the cau e of liberty 

everywhere is the preservation and maintenance of free, intelligent, 

honest, pure, and successful government ofthe people, by the people 

in these United States. This demands the highest statesmanship 

and the most lofty patriotism, and it can neve1· be effected by the 

degradation of American laber, the deba..sement of our civilization 

through the injection into the body-politic of a poisonous, indigestible mass of alien humanity, or the admixture of antagonistic races. If the object were to destroy our poHtical system, to render free gov- ernment impossible, then it would be ratioual and consistent to permit the riff-raff of the nations to be dumped into our streets and 

upon our lands without restraint; to import great hordes of servile 

laborers, whose competition with the free American voter will break 

down our social economy by the destruction of the industrial syst em which ·sustains it; to give welcome to ignorance, vice, and 

crime; to substitute the Temple of Joss for the Christian Church, 

and the worship of Chinese gods instead of the worship of the God 

of' our fathers. These are the means which the enemies of free government might well employ. When, in the progress of unlimited immigration, this country be- . comes well filled with Chinese; whose scouts and spies are now in 

every city and town in al1 the States giving information to their 

masters who are conducting this oriental invasion; when our cities are festering with the rot of their civilization; when our towns are filled with alieu thieves, and our lanes are trodden by an interminable line of vagabond tramps; wben the American laborer, over- whelmed, discouraged, and dis~usted, is compelled to either abandon 

his native lal!d or take refuge m the hovel, too poor to send his children to school ; the youth of the ma..sses growing up in ignorance, 

their yoUDg lives crushed by grinding toil for the means of subsistence, what then will be the prospect for the permanence of free government~ 

His~ory teaches no lesson with greater clearnes,s or persistence than this: tlJat nations once powerful have de~eneratecl and gone int o decay, generally, in consequence of, and in proportion to, the 

admission and incorporation into their bodies-politic of inferior or heterogeneous races ; nnd this we may apply with peculin,r fitness to a nation like ours1 whose government is a government of the people. 

Debase the people and you degrade your sovereign. Can it be pos- · sible that we who stand here,freshfromaconflictengendered by the 

effect.s of that policy, which in the morning of our national career permitted the intl:oduction into this country of an alien and servile race ; our memories burdened with the horrors of that long agony 

of internecine war; our wounds scarcely yet healed; in full view 

from our windows of the graves of a hundred thousand heroic dead 

who fell in the struggle; the sad faces of many widows and orphan 

children reminding us wherever we turn of the angnish and suffering 

innocent souls have been made to feel; can it be possible, I repeat, 

that we shall longer permit a like policy to prevail, and tempt heaven or fate to scourge our posterity as we have been scourged for the 

mistake of our fathers 'f 

'l'o those who believe that there is no danger of any general disturbance of our social economy or political system by the introduc- tion of Chinese upon the Pn.cific coast, I be~ to suggest that the evil 

is already upon us there; the conflict is m progress, and we ask 

for the relief which this measure is intended to give for the Pacific 

coast alone, if in your opinion it is not necessary to save the whole 

country from the evils of which we complain. We invoke the protection of the National Government from an inva ion which we ourselves are not permitted by the Constitution to repel. If the 

people of Ca.lifornia were free to act, you would not be troubled here 

by the consideration of the Chinese question. They would have settled it long ago, not arbitrarily, nor in a frenzy of passion, but 

peacefully, humanely, and by law. It must be appare~ now that our people believe that our fair State and the whole Pacific coast is 

in the presence of a great and to you a strange peril; and we further 

believe that those things which endanger our peace and prosperity 

in some degree affects the tranquillity of the whole nation. 

I make this a.ppeal in behalf of a grand people, generous, loyal, 

brave, enterprising, and intelligent. They are a part of the great 

American people; they are your brethren. They went out over the 

trackless plain, the dreary desert, or else sailed over stprmy sea..s, 

from New England, from New York, from Ohio, from the great em- pire of the Northwest, from the sunny South, from every part of 

every State in this glorious Union of States. There, in the once far 

off land of California, they have made the conquest of nature. They are laying the foundations of empire there, and they are laying them 

strong and deep. They are forming n.nd building up American in- stitutwns based upon Anglo-Saxon civilization . They have seen and understand that there can be no stability to their institutions 

and government unless based upon one civilization. Government is 

the product of civilization. It is evolved from the civilization of 

the people who ordain it. Free government cannot be maintained 

pe1·manently in any country in which there exist two diverse and 

antagonistic civilizations of nearly equal strength. They operate a-s antagonistic hostile forces, and one or the other must have the 

ascendencv. 

If the ciVilization of a people changes, the ~overnment must change 

to conform to it. In California Chinese civilization in its pure essence appears as a rival to American civilization. It is the product of a people alien in every characteristic to our people, and it has never yet produced and never can evolve any form of government other 

than an imperial despotism. l!"'ree government is incompatible with 

it, and both cannot exist to(l'ether. We ask of you to secure to ns America-n Anglo-Saxon civilization without contn.minn.tion or adul- teration with any other. We make our appen,l within the spirit of 

the Constitution of the United States in its highest interpretaticm. Its framers declared that it wasOrdained to establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the com- mon defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to onrselve.s and our posterity. 

In order to insure general tranquillity, peace and good order must 

be secured to every part of the country; to provide for the common -defense involves the protection of every part; to promote the gen- eral welfare the rights and interests of every section must be guarded; 

to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, our free republican government must be maintained and adm.inlstered 

in every portion of our land, and made permanent by keeping pure 

and uncontaminated the progressive civilization which gives it life 

and being. If you ask me bow we may best" insure domestic tran- quillity and promote the general welfare" on the Pacific coast, I answer by passing this bill and enforcing its provisions to the letter. China for the Chinese ! California for Americans and those who 

will become Americans! 

If you would "secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity," there must be some place reserved in which and upon 

which posterity can exist. What will the blessings of liberty be 

worth to posterity if you give up the country to the Chinese! If 

China is to be the breeding grounu for peopling this country, what 

chance of American posterity f We of this ago hold this land in trust 

for our race and kindred. \Ve hold republican government and free 

institutions in trust for American posterity. ·That trust ought not to 

be betrayed. If the Chinese should invade the Pacific coast with arms in their bands, what a magnificent spectacle of martial resist- ance would be presented to a startled world! The me.re intimation 

of an attempt to make conquest of our western shore by force would ron e the nation to a frenzy of enthusiasm in its defense. For years a peaceful, s1y, strategic conquest has been in progress, and Ameri · 
1488 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUA.TIY 2B, 

.· can statesmanship has been almost silent, until the people have 

demanded action. 

The land which is being overrun by the oriental invader is the 

fairest portion of our heritage. It is the land of the vine and the 

fig tree; the home of the orange, the olive, and the pome~anate . . Its 

winter is a perpetual spring, and its summer is a golaen harvest. 

There the northern pine peacefully sways against the southern palm; 

the tendAr azalea and the hardy rose mingle their sweet perfume, and 

the tropic vine encircles the sturdy oak. Its valleys are rich and 

glorious with luscious fruits and waving grain, and its lofty 

Mountains like ·giants stand, 

To sentinel the enchanted land. 

I would see its fertile plains, its sequestered vales, its vine-clad 

hills, its deep blue canofis, its furrowed mountain-sides dotted all over with American homes-the homes of a free, happy people, reso- nant ·with the sweet voices of fl.axen-hairell children, and ringing 

With the joyous laughter of maidens fairSoft as her clime, an:d suuny as her skieslike the homes of New Engln.nd; yet brighter and better far shall 

be the homes which are to be builded in that wonderland by the 

sunset sea, the homes of a race from which shall spring 

The flower of men, To serve as model for the mighty world, 

And be the fair beginning of a. tune. 

Mr. VOORHEES. Mr. President, I desire to make a motion that 

the Senate proceed to the consideration of executive business, but . before making that motion I wish to say that it was my purpo e to 

have submitted some remarks to-day on the subject of the Library. 

However, at this hour, of course, I will not do so. I will ask the 

Senator from California, who is so much interested in the pending 

question, however, to allow it to be laid aside informally, so that I 

may be entitl'3d to the floor to-morrow at half past one o'clock for the 

purpose of addressing the Senate on the subject of the Library, and 

then the discussjon of this bill can be resumed. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The proper way, the Chair would 

state to the Senator from Indiana, would be for the bill to take its 

place re~ularly at half past one to-morrow, and then conse11.t be given 

at the pLeasure of the Senate to lay it aside. 

Mr. VOORHEES. I thought I might obtain consent of the Senate now and be entitled to the floor to-morrow at half past one. The PRESIDING OFFICER. This measure would lose its place 

if it be not placed before the Senate at that time. 

Mr. HOAR. It can be done by unanimous consent. 

Mr. VOORHEES. I will state then that I shall ask unanimous con- sent to-morrow, at half past one, to lay aside informally and temporarily the special order for the purpose of addressing the Senate on the 

subject oftheLibra.ry. 

Mr. FARLEY. About what time will the Senator consume T 

Mr. VOORHEES. I shall need, perhaps, an hour. 

CARDS TO GARFIELD :MEMORIAL SERVICES. 

The PRESIDING OFFICER. 'l'he Chair lays before the Senate a bill from the House of Representatives. 

The bill (H. R. No. 4679) to authorize the Secr~tary of the Treasury 

to furnish impressions of the cards of invitation to the Garfield memo- rial service was read the first time by its title. 

Mr. SHERMAN. If I can get the attention vf the Senate a minute, I will ask the passage of that hill at the request of several mem- bers of the House. 

The bill was read the second time at length, as follows : 

Be it enacted, &:c., 'That the Secretary of the Treasury, at the ~quest of Senators, 

Representatives, or Delegates in Congress, is hereby authorizetl to furnish impres- sions from the engraved ca.r(l of invitation to the Garfield memorial services made 

in the Bureau of Engraving a.nd Printing, at the cost thereof, with 10 per cent. added, to be paid for by persons ordering the same ; and orders for the same, and 

payment-s therefor, may be made for Senators, Representatives, and Delegates threu{!h the office of tne Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House, respectively. 

Mr. SHERMAN. That i.~ now in substance the law as to all vignettes and engrayjngs in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, 

but it is doubtful whether the Jllate of the memorial card is properly an engraving of that kind in the language of the law. I ask the 

Secretary to read the law which I send to the desk. 

The Acting Secretary read as follows: 

Be it enacted, &c., That the Secretary of the Treasury, at the request of a Senator, 

Representative, or Delegate in Congress, the head of a Department or bureau, art a,;wciation, or libra.ry1 be, and he is hereby, authorized to furnish impressions fi"Olll any portrait or vignette whioh is now, or may hereafter be, a. part of the 

en)!Taved stook of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, at such rates and under t~nrh conditions a.s he may deem necessary to protect the public interesta. 

By unanimous consent, the Senate, as in Committee of tbe Whole, 

]n·oceeded to consider the bill. 

1\lr. COCKRELL. I ask the Senator from Ohio what is the cost T 

Mr. SHERMAN. I suppose it will be a cent apiece; it will be 

trifling. The engraving is already complete and the stock is on hand; but it is doubtful whether it comes within the la.ugnage or-the 

existing law. I doubt whether the cost will exceed a cent a copy, 

and many members of the House desire to have them in considerable 

numbers. 

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered 

to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. 

EXECUTIVE SESSIO~. 

l\Ir. VOORHEES. I move that the Senate proceed to the consid- eration of executive business. 

The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the consideration of executive business. After eleven minutes spent in execu- tive session the doors were reopened, and (at four o'clock and twentythree minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned. 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

TUESDAY, February 28, 1882. 

The House met at twelve o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. 

.F. D. POWER. 

The SPEAKER. The Journal of the proceedings of Saturday la t 

and also of yesterday will be read. The Journal was read and approved. 

CORRECTION. 

1\Ir.J\llLLS. Upon the vote on Satm·day last upon the bill making 

appropriations for the service of the Post-Office Department the RECORD shows that I diq not vote. On a previous vote it is shown 

that I was paired with the gentleman from Wisconsin, [Mr. HAzELTON.] The same statement ought to have been made in connection 

with the subsequent vote, or it should have been tated in the first 

instance that. I was paired for the day. 

CARDS OF I?."VITATIO~ TO GARFIELD l\IE:MOP..IA.L SERVICES. 

1r. SKINNER. I ask unanimous consent to introduce a bill, upon 

which, if there be no objection, I ask immediate action. 

The l>ill was reacl, a.s follows : 

A bill to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to furnish impressions of the 

cards of invitation to the Garfield memorial service. 

Be it ena.cted, cf:c., That the Secretary of the Treasury, at the requo~tof Senators, 

Representatives, or Delegates in Congress, is hereby authorized to furniflh imp res· sions from the engraved card of invitation to the Garfield memorial servioe, made 

in the Bureau of""En!.!.'l-a.ving and Printing, at the cost thereof with 10 per cent. added, to be paid for by persons ordering the sa.me; and that orders for the same and payment therefor may be made for Senators, Representatives, and Delegates through the office of the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House, 

respectively. 

There being no objection, the bill (H. R. No. 4679) was read a fir t 

and second time, ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read 

the third time, and passed. 

1\lr. SKINNER moved to reconsider the vote by which the bill wa pa-ssed ; and also moved that the motion to reconsider be laid on the 

table. 

The latter motion was agreed to. 

CELEBRATION OF DISCOVERY OF MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. 

Mr. GIBSO:N. I ask unanimous consent to present a memorial from 

the governor and other prominent officials of the State of Louisiana, 

and also a concurrent re olution based thereon. I ask that the memo- rial be read and that the concurrent resolution be now acted on. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will first read the concurrent re olution, and then the memorial. 

The Clerk read as follows: 

Whereas the chambers of commerce, cotton and produce exchan~es, and other 

commercial assoCiations, the histoxioal and literary an!l scientific societies and 

municipal governments in the Valley of the Mississippi have invited the Con!.!.'l·e s of the United States to be r epresented at the celebration to be held by them~ the 

city of New Orleans on April 9, 1882, of the two hundredth anniversary of the 

first voyage down the Mississippi River to the sea. and the discovery of its mouth 

by Robert Cavalier de la. Salle; 

Now, therefore, in order to commemorate an event so memorable alike in the 

history of our country and of civilization, and to testify on behalf of the people of 

the whole Union their appreciation of the servioes of Robert Cavalier dela. Salle 

and their respect for his memory, Be it resol~:ed btJ th.e H ouse of Representatives, (th.e Senate "Concurring,) That a committee of sixteen members, seven from the Senate and nine from the Ho'use of 

Representati,es, shall be a.l?pointed by the Senate and the Speaker of the House 

of Representatives, respectively, to attend the said celebration on April 9, 1882, in 

the city of New Orleans. 

The SPEAKER. The Clerk will now reacl the memoriaL 

The Clerk read as follows: 

To the Se-nate and Home of Representatives of th.e OonJrcss of the United States: 

The undersigned repre ent to your honorable bodies that it is proposed by tho historical as ociations located in the valleys of the Mississippi and Ohio River's ancl 

their tributaries tha.t there shall be a commemorative celebration in the city of K c'w Orlean!i of the two huntlredthanniver ary of theiliscovery of the month of' the hlis- sil:!'ippi River I.Jy Robert Cavalier ue la Salle, on the !lth da.y of April, 1882. (Tbo States to-day bordering ou the Mississippi River and its tributaries are Loui8iau:t, Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, West Vir~inia, Pennsylnuna, :Missoun, Indiana, illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Kansa-s, Nebrasu:a, and lU.i:Dnesota , aml they now have an arrgregate population of twenty-three millions.) In dew or the historic interest of that great event and as a tribute to the memory of ono or the most remarkable men and one of the greatest discoverers of any age or coun- ~y, this celebration is believetl to be eminently worthy of national recognition. It 

Is, therefore, prayed that thA Congress of the United States shall associate itself