I 

112TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 3027 

To end the use of corporal punishment in schools, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

SEPTEMBER 22, 2011 

Mrs. MCCARTHY of New York (for herself, Mr. SCOTT of Virginia, Mr. POLIS, 

Mr. ELLISON, Mr. CAPUANO, Mr. PAYNE, and Mr. FILNER) introduced 

the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Education and 

the Workforce 

A BILL 

To end the use of corporal punishment in schools, and for 

other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Ending Corporal Pun5 ishment in Schools Act of 2011’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress finds the following: 

8 (1) Behavioral interventions for children must 

9 promote the right of all children to be treated with 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
2 

•HR 3027 IH

1 dignity. All children have the right to be free from 

2 any corporal punishment. 

3 (2) Safe, effective, evidence-based strategies are 

4 available to support children who display challenging 

5 behaviors in school settings. 

6 (3) School personnel have the right to work in 

7 a safe environment and should be provided training 

8 and support to prevent injury and trauma to them9 selves and others. 

10 (4) According to the Department of Education’s 

11 Technical Assistance Center on School-Wide Positive 

12 Behavior Interventions and Support, outcomes asso13 ciated with school-wide positive behavior support are 

14 decreased office discipline referrals, increased in15 structional time, decreased administrator time spent 

16 on discipline issues, efficient and effective use of 

17 scarce resources, and increased perception of school 

18 safety and sustainability through a team approach. 

19 (5) Nineteen States continue to permit corporal 

20 punishment in public schools. 

21 (6) According to Department of Education sta22 tistics, each year in the United States, hundreds of 

23 thousands of school children are subjected to cor24 poral punishment in public schools. School corporal 

25 punishment is usually executed in the form of ‘‘padVerDate Mar 15 2010 03:20 Sep 27, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3027.IH H3027

tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
3 

•HR 3027 IH

1 dling’’, or striking students with a wooden paddle on 

2 their buttocks or legs, which can result in abrasions, 

3 bruising, severe muscle injury, hematomas, whiplash 

4 damage, life-threatening hemorrhages, and other 

5 medical complications that may require hospitaliza6 tion. 

7 (7) Gross racial disparity exists in the execution 

8 of corporal punishment of public school children, and 

9 African-American schoolchildren are disproportion10 ately corporally punished. The most recent available 

11 statistics show that African-American students make 

12 up 17.1 percent of the national student population, 

13 but 35.6 percent of all students subjected to physical 

14 punishment at school. 

15 (8) Public school children with disabilities are 

16 subjected to corporal punishment at disproportion17 ately high rates, approximately twice the rate of the 

18 general student population in some States. 

19 (9) Corporal punishment is used in many in20 stances for minor disciplinary infractions, such as 

21 being tardy or violating the dress code. 

22 (10) Corporal punishment has resulted in phys23 ical injury and psychological trauma to children in 

24 public and private schools. Social skills development 

25 after the use of corporal punishment may be severely 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
4 

•HR 3027 IH

1 altered, leading to aggressive behaviors. National re2 search shows students have been subjected to cor3 poral punishment in schools as a means of discipline, 

4 to force compliance, or as a substitute for appro5 priate educational support. 

6 (11) Children are protected from corporal pun7 ishment in other settings, such as hospitals, health 

8 facilities, Head Start programs, and nonmedical 

9 community-based facilities. Similar protections are 

10 needed in schools. 

11 (12) Prisoners in Federal prison are protected 

12 from corporal punishment. 

13 SEC. 3. PURPOSES. 

14 The purposes of this Act are to— 

15 (1) eliminate the use of corporal punishment in 

16 schools; 

17 (2) ensure the safety of all students and school 

18 personnel in schools and promote a positive school 

19 culture and climate; 

20 (3) assist States, local educational agencies, 

21 and schools in identifying and implementing effective 

22 evidence-based models to prevent and reduce— 

23 (A) corporal punishment in schools; 

24 (B) aversive behavior interventions that 

25 compromise health and safety; and 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
5 

•HR 3027 IH

1 (C) physical, emotional, or psychological 

2 abuse. 

3 SEC. 4. PROHIBITION AGAINST CORPORAL PUNISHMENT. 

4 Subpart 4 of part C of the General Education Provi5 sions Act (20 U.S.C. 1232f et seq.) is amended by adding 

6 at the end the following: 

7 ‘‘SEC. 448. PROHIBITION AGAINST CORPORAL PUNISH8 MENT. 

9 ‘‘(a) GENERAL PROHIBITION.—No funds shall be 

10 made available under any applicable program to any edu11 cational agency or institution, including a local edu12 cational agency or State educational agency, that has a 

13 policy or practice which allows school personnel to inflict 

14 corporal punishment upon a student— 

15 ‘‘(1) as a form of punishment; or 

16 ‘‘(2) for the purpose of modifying undesirable 

17 behavior. 

18 ‘‘(b) LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES.— 

19 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In the case of an applicable 

20 program under which a local educational agency may 

21 only receive funds through a State educational agen22 cy that is prohibited under subsection (a) from re23 ceiving funds under any applicable program, a local 

24 educational agency that is not prohibited under sub25 section (a) from receiving such funds may apply diVerDate Mar 15 2010 03:20 Sep 27, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3027.IH H3027

tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
6 

•HR 3027 IH

1 rectly to the Secretary to receive funds under the 

2 program. 

3 ‘‘(2) CERTIFICATION.—Each local educational 

4 agency applying directly to the Secretary under 

5 paragraph (1) shall certify in such application that 

6 the agency is not prohibited under subsection (a) 

7 from receiving funds under any applicable program. 

8 ‘‘(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec9 tion shall be construed to preclude school personnel from 

10 using, within the scope of employment, reasonable re11 straint to the lightest possible degree upon a student, if— 

12 ‘‘(1) the student’s behavior poses an imminent 

13 danger of physical injury to the student, school per14 sonnel, or others; 

15 ‘‘(2) less restrictive interventions would be inef16 fective in stopping such imminent danger of physical 

17 injury; and 

18 ‘‘(3) the reasonable restraint ends immediately 

19 upon the cessation of the conditions described in 

20 paragraphs (1) and (2). 

21 ‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section— 

22 ‘‘(1) the term ‘corporal punishment’ has the 

23 meaning given such term in section 12 of the End24 ing Corporal Punishment in Schools Act of 2011; 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
7 

•HR 3027 IH

1 ‘‘(2) the term ‘educational agency or institution’ 

2 means any public or private agency or institution 

3 which is the recipient, or serves students who are re4 cipients of, funds under any applicable program; 

5 ‘‘(3) the terms ‘local educational agency’ and 

6 ‘State educational agency’ have the meanings given 

7 such terms in section 9101 of the Elementary and 

8 Secondary Education Act of 1965; 

9 ‘‘(4) the term ‘school personnel’ has the mean10 ing given such term in section 12 of the Ending Cor11 poral Punishment in Schools Act of 2011; and 

12 ‘‘(5) the term ‘student’ includes any person who 

13 is in attendance at an educational agency or institu14 tion.’’. 

15 SEC. 5. STATE PLAN AND ENFORCEMENT. 

16 (a) STATE PLAN.—Not later than 18 months after 

17 the date of enactment of this Act and every third year 

18 thereafter, each State educational agency shall submit to 

19 the Secretary a State plan that provides— 

20 (1) assurances to the Secretary that the State 

21 has in effect policies and procedures that eliminate 

22 the use of corporal punishment in schools; 

23 (2) a description of the State’s policies and pro24 cedures; and 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
8 

•HR 3027 IH

1 (3) a description of the State plans to ensure 

2 school personnel and parents, including private 

3 school personnel and parents, are aware of the 

4 State’s policies and procedures. 

5 (b) ENFORCEMENT.— 

6 (1) IN GENERAL.— 

7 (A) USE OF REMEDIES.—If a State edu8 cational agency fails to comply with subsection 

9 (a), the Secretary shall— 

10 (i) withhold, in whole or in part, fur11 ther payments under an applicable pro12 gram (as such term is defined in section 

13 400(c) of the General Education Provi14 sions Act (20 U.S.C. 1221)) in accordance 

15 with section 455 of such Act (20 U.S.C. 

16 1234d); 

17 (ii) enter into a compliance agreement 

18 in accordance with section 457 of the Gen19 eral Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 

20 1234f); or 

21 (iii) issue a complaint to compel com22 pliance of the State educational agency 

23 through a cease and desist order, in the 

24 same manner the Secretary is authorized 

25 to take such action under section 456 of 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
9 

•HR 3027 IH

1 the General Education Provisions Act (20 

2 U.S.C. 1234e). 

3 (B) CESSATION OF WITHHOLDING OF

4 FUNDS.—Whenever the Secretary determines 

5 (whether by certification or other appropriate 

6 evidence) that a State educational agency that 

7 is subject to the withholding of payments under 

8 subparagraph (A)(i) has cured the failure pro9 viding the basis for the withholding of pay10 ments, the Secretary shall cease the withholding 

11 of payments with respect to the State edu12 cational agency under such subparagraph. 

13 (2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this 

14 subsection shall be construed to limit the Secretary’s 

15 authority under the General Education Provisions 

16 Act (20 U.S.C. 1221 et seq.). 

17 (c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec18 tion shall be construed to preclude school personnel from 

19 using, within the scope of employment, reasonable re20 straint to the lightest possible degree upon a student, if— 

21 (1) the student’s behavior poses an imminent 

22 danger of physical injury to the student, school per23 sonnel, or others; 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
10 

•HR 3027 IH

1 (2) less restrictive interventions would be inef2 fective in stopping such imminent danger of physical 

3 injury; and 

4 (3) the reasonable restraint ends immediately 

5 upon the cessation of the conditions described in 

6 paragraphs (1) and (2). 

7 SEC. 6. GRANT AUTHORITY. 

8 (a) IN GENERAL.—From the amount appropriated 

9 under section 11, the Secretary may award grants to State 

10 educational agencies to assist the agencies in improving 

11 school climate and culture by implementing school-wide 

12 positive behavior support approaches. 

13 (b) DURATION OF GRANT.—A grant under this sec14 tion shall be awarded to a State educational agency for 

15 a 3-year period. 

16 (c) APPLICATION.—Each State educational agency 

17 desiring a grant under this section shall submit an appli18 cation to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and 

19 accompanied by such information as the Secretary may 

20 require, including information on how the State edu21 cational agency— 

22 (1) will develop State training programs on 

23 school wide-positive behavior support approaches, 

24 such as training programs developed with the assist25 ance of the Secretary (acting through the Office of 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
11 

•HR 3027 IH

1 Special Education Programs Technical Assistance 

2 Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and 

3 Supports of the Department of Education); and 

4 (2) will target resources to schools and local 

5 educational agencies in need of assistance related to 

6 improving school culture and climate through posi7 tive behavior supports. 

8 (d) AUTHORITY TO MAKE SUBGRANTS.— 

9 (1) IN GENERAL.—A State educational agency 

10 receiving a grant under this section may use such 

11 grant funds to award subgrants, on a competitive 

12 basis, to local educational agencies. 

13 (2) APPLICATION.—A local educational agency 

14 desiring to receive a subgrant under this section 

15 shall submit an application to the applicable State 

16 educational agency at such time, in such manner, 

17 and containing such information as the State edu18 cational agency may require. 

19 (e) PRIVATE SCHOOL PARTICIPATION.— 

20 (1) IN GENERAL.—A local educational agency 

21 receiving subgrant funds under this section shall, 

22 after timely and meaningful consultation with appro23 priate private school officials, ensure that private 

24 school personnel can participate, on an equitable 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
12 

•HR 3027 IH

1 basis, in activities supported by funds under this 

2 section. 

3 (2) PUBLIC CONTROL OF FUNDS.—The control 

4 of funds provided under this section, and title to ma5 terials, equipment, and property purchased with 

6 such funds, shall be in a public agency, and a public 

7 agency shall administer such funds, materials, equip8 ment, and property. 

9 (f) REQUIRED ACTIVITIES.—A State educational 

10 agency receiving a grant, or a local educational agency re11 ceiving a subgrant, under this section shall use such grant 

12 or subgrant funds to carry out the following: 

13 (1) Developing and implementing high-quality 

14 professional development and training programs, 

15 such as training programs developed with the assist16 ance of the Secretary (acting through the Office of 

17 Special Education Programs Technical Assistance 

18 Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and 

19 Supports of the Department of Education), to imple20 ment evidence-based systematic approaches to 

21 school-wide positive behavior supports, including im22 proving coaching, facilitation, and training capacity 

23 for principals and other administrators, teachers, 

24 specialized instructional support personnel, and 

25 other staff. 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
13 

•HR 3027 IH

1 (2) Providing technical assistance to develop 

2 and implement evidence-based systematic approaches 

3 to school-wide positive behavior supports, including 

4 technical assistance for data-driven decisionmaking 

5 related to behavioral supports and interventions in 

6 the classroom and throughout common areas. 

7 (3) Researching, evaluating, and disseminating 

8 high-quality evidence-based programs and activities 

9 that implement school-wide positive behavior sup10 ports with fidelity. 

11 (4) Supporting other local positive behavior 

12 support implementation activities consistent with 

13 this subsection, including outreach to families and 

14 community agencies and providers, such as mental 

15 health authorities. 

16 (g) EVALUATION AND REPORT.—Each State edu17 cational agency receiving a grant under this section shall, 

18 at the end of the 3-year grant period for such grant, pre19 pare and submit to the Secretary, a report that— 

20 (1) evaluates the State’s progress toward devel21 oping and implementing evidence-based systematic 

22 approaches to school-wide positive behavior supports; 

23 and 

24 (2) includes such information as the Secretary 

25 may require. 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
14 

•HR 3027 IH

1 (h) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.—From the 

2 amount appropriated under section 11, the Secretary may 

3 allocate funds to the Secretary of the Interior for activities 

4 under this section with respect to schools operated or 

5 funded by the Department of the Interior, under such 

6 terms as the Secretary of Education may prescribe. 

7 SEC. 7. NATIONAL ASSESSMENT. 

8 (a) NATIONAL ASSESSMENT.—The Secretary shall 

9 carry out a national assessment to— 

10 (1) determine compliance with the requirements 

11 of this Act; and 

12 (2) identify best practices with respect to pro13 fessional development and training programs carried 

14 out under section 6, which shall include identifying 

15 evidence-based school personnel training models with 

16 demonstrated success (including models that empha17 size positive behavior supports and de-escalation 

18 techniques over physical intervention). 

19 (b) REPORT.—The Secretary shall submit to the 

20 Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House 

21 of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Edu22 cation, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate— 

23 (1) an interim report that summarizes the pre24 liminary findings of the assessment described in subVerDate Mar 15 2010 03:20 Sep 27, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3027.IH H3027

tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
15 

•HR 3027 IH

1 section (a) not later than 3 years after the date of 

2 enactment of this Act; and 

3 (2) a final report of the findings of the assess4 ment not later than 5 years after the date of the en5 actment of this Act. 

6 SEC. 8. PROTECTION AND ADVOCACY SYSTEMS. 

7 Protection and Advocacy Systems shall have the au8 thority provided under section 143 of the Developmental 

9 Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 

10 U.S.C. 15043) to investigate, monitor, and enforce protec11 tions provided for students under this Act and the amend12 ments made by this Act. 

13 SEC. 9. LIMITATION OF AUTHORITY. 

14 (a) IN GENERAL.—Nothing in this Act shall be con15 strued to restrict or limit, or allow the Secretary to restrict 

16 or limit, any other rights or remedies otherwise available 

17 to students or parents under Federal, State, or local law 

18 or regulation. 

19 (b) APPLICABILITY.— 

20 (1) PRIVATE SCHOOLS.—Nothing in this Act 

21 shall be construed to affect any private school that 

22 does not receive, or does not serve students who re23 ceive, support in any form from any program sup24 ported, in whole or in part, with funds appropriated 

25 to the Department of Education. 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
16 

•HR 3027 IH

1 (2) HOME SCHOOLS.—Nothing in this Act shall 

2 be construed to— 

3 (A) affect a home school, whether or not a 

4 home school is treated as a private school or 

5 home school under State law; or 

6 (B) consider parents who are schooling a 

7 child at home as school personnel. 

8 SEC. 10. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION ON DATA COLLECTION. 

9 Nothing in this Act shall be construed to affect the 

10 collection of information or data with respect to corporal 

11 punishment authorized under the statutes and regulations 

12 implementing title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 

13 U.S.C. 2000c), title IX of the Education Amendments of 

14 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.), section 504 of the Reha15 bilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794 et seq.), or the De16 partment of Education Organization Act (20 U.S.C. 3401 

17 et seq.). 

18 SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

19 There are authorized to be appropriated such sums 

20 as may be necessary to carry out this Act for fiscal year 

21 2012 and each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years. 

22 SEC. 12. DEFINITIONS. 

23 In this Act: 

24 (1) CORPORAL PUNISHMENT.—The term ‘‘cor25 poral punishment’’ means paddling, spanking, or 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
17 

•HR 3027 IH

1 other forms of physical punishment, however light, 

2 imposed upon a student. 

3 (2) EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AGENCY.—The 

4 term ‘‘educational service agency’’ has the meaning 

5 given such term in section 9101(17) of the Elemen6 tary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 

7 U.S.C. 7801(17)). 

8 (3) ELEMENTARY SCHOOL.—The term ‘‘elemen9 tary school’’ has the meaning given the term in sec10 tion 9101(18) of the Elementary and Secondary 

11 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801(18)). 

12 (4) LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCY.—The term 

13 ‘‘local educational agency’’ has the meaning given 

14 the term in section 9101(26) of the Elementary and 

15 Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

16 7801(26)). 

17 (5) PARENT.—The term ‘‘parent’’ has the 

18 meaning given the term in section 9101(31) of the 

19 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 

20 (20 U.S.C. 7801(31)). 

21 (6) POSITIVE BEHAVIOR SUPPORTS.—The term 

22 ‘‘positive behavior supports’’ means a systematic ap23 proach to embed evidence-based practices and data24 driven decisionmaking to improve school climate and 

25 culture, including a range of systemic and individVerDate Mar 15 2010 00:12 Sep 28, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3027.IH H3027

tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
18 

•HR 3027 IH

1 ualized strategies to reinforce desired behaviors and 

2 diminish reoccurrence of problem behaviors, in order 

3 to achieve improved academic and social outcomes 

4 and increase learning for all students, including 

5 those with the most complex and intensive behav6 ioral needs. 

7 (7) PROTECTION AND ADVOCACY SYSTEM.—The 

8 term ‘‘protection and advocacy system’’ means a 

9 protection and advocacy system established under 

10 section 143 of the Developmental Disabilities Assist11 ance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 

12 15043). 

13 (8) SCHOOL.—The term ‘‘school’’ means an en14 tity— 

15 (A) that— 

16 (i) is a public or private— 

17 (I) day or residential elementary 

18 school or secondary school; or 

19 (II) early childhood, elementary 

20 school, or secondary school program 

21 that is under the jurisdiction of a 

22 school, local educational agency, edu23 cational service agency, or other edu24 cational institution or program; and 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
19 

•HR 3027 IH

1 (ii) receives, or serves students who 

2 receive, support in any form from any pro3 gram supported, in whole or in part, with 

4 funds appropriated to the Department of 

5 Education; or 

6 (B) that is a school funded or operated by 

7 the Department of the Interior. 

8 (9) SCHOOL PERSONNEL.—The term ‘‘school 

9 personnel’’ has the meaning— 

10 (A) given the term in section 4151(10) of 

11 the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 

12 of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7161(10)); or 

13 (B) given the term ‘‘school resource offi14 cer’’ in section 4151(11) of the Elementary and 

15 Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

16 7161(11)). 

17 (10) SPECIALIZED INSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORT

18 PERSONNEL.—The term ‘‘specialized instructional 

19 support personnel’’ means school counselors, school 

20 social workers, school nurses, school psychologists, 

21 and other qualified professional personnel involved in 

22 providing assessment, diagnosis, counseling, edu23 cational, health, therapeutic, and other necessary 

24 corrective or supportive services. 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
20 

•HR 3027 IH

1 (11) SECONDARY SCHOOL.—The term ‘‘sec2 ondary school’’ has the meaning given the term in 

3 section 9101(38) of the Elementary and Secondary 

4 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801(38)). 

5 (12) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ 

6 means the Secretary of Education. 

7 (13) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ has the mean8 ing given the term in section 9101 of the Elemen9 tary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 

10 U.S.C. 7801). 

11 (14) STATE EDUCATIONAL AGENCY.—The term 

12 ‘‘State educational agency’’ has the meaning given 

13 the term in section 9101(41) of the Elementary and 

14 Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

15 7801(41)). 

16 (15) STUDENT.—The term ‘‘student’’ means a 

17 student enrolled in a school defined in paragraph 

18 (8). 

19 SEC. 13. PRESUMPTION OF CONGRESS RELATING TO COM20 PETITIVE PROCEDURES. 

21 (a) PRESUMPTION.—It is the presumption of Con22 gress that grants awarded under this Act will be awarded 

23 using competitive procedures based on merit. 

24 (b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—If grants are awarded 

25 under this Act using procedures other than competitive 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
21 

•HR 3027 IH

1 procedures, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a re2 port explaining why competitive procedures were not used. 

3 SEC. 14. PROHIBITION ON EARMARKS. 

4 None of the funds appropriated to carry out this Act 

5 may be used for a congressional earmark as defined in 

6 clause 9e of rule XXI of the Rules of the House of Rep7 resentatives of the 112th Congress. 

Æ 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with BILLS