### UNPUBLISHED



# UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT



#  U NITED S TATES OFA MERICA , ex rel. Syed Rahman, M.D.,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

and

S YED R AHMAN , M.D.; O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C., Plaintiffs,

v.

D OUGLAS C OLKITT , M.D.; D ERDEL R IVERSIDEO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; D ERDELC HESAPEAKEO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; K EY W EST O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.A.; T AMPA No. 01-2386



# 

O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.A.; C OMMUNITY R ADIATION T HERAPY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; J EFFERSON R ADIATION O NCOLOGY C ENTER , LP; O NCOLOGY S ERVICES C ORPORATION ; N IXON E QUIPMENT C ORPORATION ; T HOMAS J EFFERSON R EALE STATE C ORPORATION ; G EORGEW ASHINGTON R EALE STATEC ORPORATION ; O AKTREE C ANCERC ARE , I NCORPORATED ; K EYSTONEO NCOLOGY , LLC; R OSEWOOD C ANCERC ARE , I NCORPORATED , Defendants-Appellees, 

# 

#  DVI F INANCIALS ERVICES , I NCORPORATED , Party in Interest-Appellant,

M ERRILLC OHEN , Chapter 7 Interim Trustee of EquiMed, Incorporated,

Intervenor-DefendantAppellee,

and

J ERRY D ERDEL , M.D.; J OANNE R USSELL ; O NCOLOGY F UNDING C ORPORATION ; S TONEBORO O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; W ARREN O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; P HOENIXVILLEO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; L ITTLESTOWN O NCOLOGY 

#  A SSOCIATES , P.C.; L EHIGHTON O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; E XTON O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; B UCKS C OUNTY O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; G REENBELT C ANCERT REATMENT C ENTER , L.P.; A TLANTIC R ADIATION O NCOLOGY , L.L.C.; D ERDEL R ANDALLSTOWN O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; D ERDELU NION M EMORIALO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; T REASUREC OAST O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.A.; L AUDERDALE L AKES O NCOLOGY ; S T . L AWRENCE O NCOLOGY , P.C.; L IBERTY O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; K INGS P LAZA R ADIOLOGY , P.C.; S OUTHERN N EW J ERSEY C ANCERT REATMENT ; 

#  2 U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITT

#  W ILLIAMS C OUNTY O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; P ARK

O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; P ARKS O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , I NCORPORATED ; G REATER H ARRISBURGC ANCERC ENTER , I NCORPORATED ; MGH C ANCER T REATMENT C ENTER , L.P.; O NCOLOGY S ERVICES C ORPORATION OF L AWNWOOD ; K EYS C ANCERC ENTER L IMITED P ARTNERSHIP ; XCC, I NCORPORATED ; GPCC, I NCORPORATED ; IRCC, I NCORPORATED ; KRTC, I NCORPORATED ; LVCC, I NCORPORATED ; MGHCC, I NCORPORATED ; MHCC, I NCORPORATED ; M ARYLAND G ENERAL C ANCERC ENTER , I NCORPORATED ; S T

. 

# 

L UCIEC OUNTY R ADIATION O NCOLOGY , L IMITED ; O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC

OFI NDIANA ; O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC OFA LBEMARLE ; O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC OFL IFEC ARE ; O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC OF H ERITAGEH ILLS ; D ERDELM ARYLAND G ENERALO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC; K ANKAKEEO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC; O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC OF P ITTSBURGH ; O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC OFH ARRISBURG ; P LEASANT H ILLS O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC; O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC OF L EBANON ; F LAGSTAFFO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC; F ORT P IERCE O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC; 

#  3

U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITT

#  G REENWAY O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC; G REATERP ITTSBURGH O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC; N ORTHWEST R ADIATION T REATMENT S ERVICES , I NCORPORATED ; M ARLTON O NCOLOGY , PC; R ANDALLSTOWN O NCOLOGY C ENTER , I NCORPORATED ; W ESTCHESTER O NCOLOGY , PC; C HESAPEAKE R EGIONALC ANCERC ENTER , I NCORPORATED ; U NION M EMORIAL O NCOLOGY C ENTER , I NCORPORATED ; C ANCERC ENTER OFN ORTHERN A RIZONA P ARTNERSHIP ; T RI S TATE O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , I NCORPORATED ; S ALISBURY R ADIATION O NCOLOGY C ENTER , I NCORPORATED ; H ERITAGEH ILLS M EDICAL , LP; 

# 

R IVERSIDEO NCOLOGY ; M EDTREND H EALTH S YSTEMS , I NCORPORATED ; B ROWARD R ADIATION T HERAPY C ORPORATION ; L AKEO KEECHOBEE C ANCERC ENTER , I NCORPORATED ; L AWNWOOD R EGIONALC ANCER C ENTER , LP; S T . L AWRENCE O NCOLOGY PC OFO GDENSBURG ; PMCB, I NCORPORATED ; S T

. L AWRENCEO NCOLOGY , PC OF B ROOKLYN ; O NCOLOGY S ERVICES C ORPORATION OFK EY W EST , I NCORPORATED ; O NEONTA R ADIATION O NCOLOGY , PC; O NCOLOGY S ERVICES C ORPORATION OFT AMPA , I NCORPORATED ; G REENBELT C ANCER T REATMENT C ENTER , L.P.; B ILLING 

#  4 U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITT

#  S ERVICES , I NCORPORATED ; N ATIONAL M EDICALF INANCIALS ERVICES C ORPORATION ; C OLKITT O NCOLOGY G ROUP , I NCORPORATED ; S KYLINE O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; M ALONEO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; JMR M EDICALA SSOCIATES , P.C.; C AROLINA C ANCERC ARE , LLC; S OUTHERN O NCOLOGY , P.A.; E ASTERN P ENNSYLVANIA O NCOLOGY , LLC; M ASSACHUSETTS R ADIATION O NCOLOGY S ERVICES , P.C.; C HESTER C OUNTY O NCOLOGY , LLC; F LORIDA O NCOLOGY , P.A.; C OASTAL O NCOLOGY , LLC; A LBEMARLE R EGIONALC ANCERC ENTER , LP; K INGS P LAZA I NCORPORATED , 

# 

Defendants,

v.

H IGHMARK , I NCORPORATED , d/b/a Xact Medicare Services; N ORIDIAN M UTUALI NSURANCEC OMPANY , d/b/a Blue Cross/Blue Shield of North Dakota; A ETNA I NCORPORATED ; B LUE C ROSS /B LUES HIELD OFF LORIDA , I NC .; H EALTH C ARES ERVICEC ORPORATION , A Mutual Legal Reserve Company; T RAILBLAZERH EALTH E NTERPRISES , I NCORPORATED ; B LUEC ROSS & B LUE S HIELD OFM ARYLAND , I NCORPORATED ; E MPIREB LUEC ROSS AND B LUE S HIELD ; 

#  5

U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITT

#  G ROUPH EALTH I NCORPORATED ; B LUE C ROSS /B LUES HIELD OFW ESTERN N EWY ORK , I NCORPORATED ; C IGNA C ORPORATION ; C ONNECTICUT G ENERAL L IFEI NSURANCEC OMPANY ; N ATIONWIDEM UTUALI NSURANCE C OMPANY , Third Party Defendants,

S TEADFAST I NSURANCEC OMPANY ; R ELIANCEI NSURANCEC OMPANY ; H ERBARD , L IMITED ; J OHNSON & 

# 

J OHNSON F INANCEC ORPORATION ; M OBILED IAGNOSTECH , I NCORPORATED ; A. J EROMED IGIACOBBE , J R .; C ALVIN Z ONTINE ; T REATMENT C ENTERS L IMITED P ARTNERSHIP ; PFG C APITAL C ORPORATION ; R EGIONALM EDICAL S ERVICES , I NCORPORATED ,

Parties in Interest,

S OVEREIGN B ANK , Movant. 

#  6 U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITT

#  In Re: E QUI M ED , I NCORPORATED , a/k/a EquiVision, Incorporated, Debtor.

M ERRILLC OHEN , Interim Trustee for the Bankruptcy Estate of EquiMed, Incorporated, Plaintiff-Appellee,

and

M OBILED IAGNOSTECH , I NCORPORATED ; A. J EROMED IGIACOBBE , J R .; C ALVIN Z ONTINE , Plaintiffs,

v.

D OUGLAS C OLKITT , M.D.; G EORGE No. 01-2387



# 

K EISTER ; P AULC ASTRO ; E DWARD R USSELL , J R .; D ONALD G ALLO ; J UDE S PAK ; J EFFERSON R ADIATION O NCOLOGY C ENTER , LP; O AKTREE C ANCERC ARE , I NCORPORATED ; K EYSTONEO NCOLOGY , LLC; R OSEWOOD C ANCERC ARE , I NCORPORATED ; M ARCY L. C OLKITT ; O NCOLOGY S ERVICES C ORPORATION ; D ERDELR IVERSIDEO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; D ERDEL C HESAPEAKEO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; K EY W EST O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.A.; T AMPA O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.A.; C OMMUNITY R ADIATION T HERAPY A SSOCIATES , P.C., 

#  7

U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITT

#  formerly known as Community Radiology Associates, P.C.; S ALISBURY O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; A LBEMARLEO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; O AKLANE C ANCER AND H EMATOLOGY C LINIC , P.C., Defendants-Appellees,

and

J OANNER USSELL ; L AWNWOOD R EGIONALC ANCERC ENTER , LP; S T

. L UCIEC OUNTY R ADIATION O NCOLOGY , L IMITED ; O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC

OFH ARRISBURG ; O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC OFI NDIANA ; O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC OF L EBANON ; P LEASANT H ILLS O NCOLOGY 

# 

A SSOCIATES , PC; G REATER P ITTSBURGH O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC; S TONEBORO O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; P HOENIXVILLE O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; L ITTLESTOWN O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; L EHIGHTON O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; E XTON O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; B UCKS C OUNTY O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; D ERDEL MGH O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC; G REENWAY O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC, a/k/a Greenway Oncology Associates, P.A.; D ERDEL R ANDALLSTOWN O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; D ERDELU NION M EMORIALO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , 

#  8 U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITT

#  P.C.; F ORT P IERCEO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC, a/k/a Fort Pierce Oncology Associates, P.A.; O KEECHOBEEO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.A.; T REASUREC OAST O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.A.; L IBERTY O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C., formerly known as St. Lawrence Oncology, P.C.; O NEONTA R ADIATION O NCOLOGY , PC; S KYLINEO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; M ALONE O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; M ARLTON O NCOLOGY , PC; S OUTHERN N EWJ ERSEY C ANCERT REATMENT ; W ILLIAMS C OUNTY O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; T RI -S TATE O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , 

#  I NCORPORATED ; F LAGSTAFFO NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC; K ANKAKEE O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , PC; H OLYOKE O NCOLOGY A SSOCIATES , P.C.; JMR M EDICALA SSOCIATES , P.C.; C AROLINA C ANCERC ARE , LLC; S OUTHERN O NCOLOGY , P.A.; E ASTERN P ENNSYLVANIA O NCOLOGY , LLC; M ASSACHUSETTS R ADIATION O NCOLOGY S ERVICES , P.C.; C HESTER C OUNTY O NCOLOGY , LLC; F LORIDA O NCOLOGY , P.A.; C OASTAL O NCOLOGY , LLC; C OMPREHENSIVE P HYSICS AND R EGULATORY S ERVICES , L IMITED ; J OHN D OES 1-25, Defendants,

v. 

#  9 U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITT

#  N IXON E QUIPMENT C ORPORATION ,

Movant-Appellee,

DVI F INANCIALS ERVICES , I NCORPORATED , Movant-Appellant,

T HEP ROVIDENT B ANK ,

Party in Interest-Appellee,

and

U NITED S TATES OFA MERICA ; R ESPONSEO NCOLOGY , I NCORPORATED ; S TEADFAST I NSURANCEC OMPANY ; 

#  R ELIANCEI NSURANCEC OMPANY (In Rehabilitation); T REATMENT C ENTERS L IMITED P ARTNERSHIP ; PFG C APITAL C ORPORATION ; I NDIANA H OSPITAL ; I NDIANA H EALTHCARE , I NCORPORATED ; I NDIANA H EALTHCAREP ROPERTIES , I NCORPORATED ; H ERBARD , L IMITED ; J OHNSON & J OHNSON F INANCE C ORPORATION ; R EGIONALM EDICAL S ERVICES , I NCORPORATED ,

Parties in Interest,

S OVEREIGN B ANK , Movant. 

#  10 U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITT

#  In Re: N IXON E QUIPMENT C ORPORATION ; G EORGEW ASHINGTON R EALE STATEC ORPORATION ; T HOMAS J EFFERSON R EALE STATE C ORPORATION , Debtors.

DVI F INANCIALS ERVICES , I NCORPORATED , Claimant-Appellant,

v.

M ERRILLC OHEN , Trustee-Appellee, No. 01-2388



# 
and

E QUI M ED , I NCORPORATED , Creditor,

v.
S TEADFAST I NSURANCEC OMPANY ; R ELIANCEI NSURANCEC OMPANY ; I NDIANA H OSPITAL ; I NDIANA H EALTHCARE , I NCORPORATED ; I NDIANA H EALTHCAREP ROPERTIES , I NCORPORATED ; T REATMENT C ENTERS L IMITED P ARTNERSHIP ; PFG C APITAL C ORPORATION ; U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA , Parties in Interest. 

#  11

U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITT

#  In Re: E QUI M ED , I NCORPORATED , Debtor.

D OUGLAS C OLKITT , M.D.,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

DVI F INANCIALS ERVICES , I NCORPORATED , Claimant-Appellant,

and

B ILLINGS ERVICES , I NCORPORATED , a Delaware corporation; J OANNE No. 01-2389



#  R USSELL ; J EROMED ERDEL , M.D., Plaintiffs,

v.
S TEADFAST I NSURANCEC OMPANY , a Delaware corporation; R ELIANCE I NSURANCEC OMPANY OFI LLINOIS , an Illinois corporation, Defendants,

and

M ERRILLC OHEN , Chapter 7 Trustee of EquiMed, Incorporated,

Trustee-Appellee. 

# 

Appeals from the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, at Baltimore. Alexander Harvey II, Senior District Judge. (CA-95-2241-H, CA-00-1216-H, BK-00-11147, AP-00-1180-8, CA-01-2676-H, BK-00-20825-PM, BK-00-20826-PM, BK-00-20827-PM, CA-01-3014-H, AP-00-1430) 12 U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITTArgued: January 21, 2003

Decided: April 2, 2003

Before WIDENER, WILKINSON, and NIEMEYER, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

COUNSEL

ARGUED: Andrew C. Kassner, DRINKER BIDDLE & REATH, L.L.P., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for Appellant. Philip H. Lebowitz, PEPPER HAMILTON, L.L.P., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for Appellees. ON BRIEF: Leslie Gillin Bohner, Kirke D. Weaver, DRINKER BIDDLE & REATH, L.L.P., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for Appellant. Matthew R. Goldman, Wendy J. Gibson, BAKER & HOSTETLER, L.L.P., Cleveland, Ohio; Richard A. Robinson, BAKER & HOSTETLER, L.L.P., Orlando, Florida; Michael E. Tucci, MORRISON & HECKER, L.L.P., Washington, D.C.; Robert D. McCallum, Jr., Assistant Attorney General, Michael F. Hertz, Polly A. Dammann, J. Christopher Cohn, Daniel A. Spiro, Frances M. Toole, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C.; Thomas M. DiBiagio, United States Attorney, Tamera L. Fine, AssistantUnited States Attorney, Baltimore, Maryland; Robert Sanker, KEATING, MUETHING & KLEKAMP, P.L.L., Cincinnati, Ohio, for Appellees.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See Local Rule 36(c). 13

U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITTOPINION

PER CURIAM:

In this appeal, DVI Financial Services, Inc. challenges the district court’s approval of a complex "global" settlement of several related cases, essentially contending that the global settlement agreementfailed to recognize DVI’s security interests in assets that were disposed of by the agreement.

The cases covered by the global settlement agreement arose from claims that Dr. Douglas Colkitt, Dr. Jerome Derdel, Colkitt’s wife,and more than 80 healthcare entities (cancer centers and affiliated corporations) owned, operated, or controlled by Colkitt engaged in a fraudulent billing scheme, causing losses to the federal Medicare andCHAMPUS programs in excess of $12 million. Drs. Colkitt and Derdel were physicians specializing in radiation oncology.

In one action involved in the settlement, the United States prosecuted claims against Colkitt, his partners, and his businesses, demanding $86 million in treble damages and penalties.

The principal business through which Colkitt operated, EquiMed, Inc., was involuntarily placed into bankruptcy by its creditors, and a trustee was appointed. The trustee commenced an adversary action against many of the defendants named by the United States in its action, seeking to recover for the EquiMed estate losses that wereallegedly caused by fraud, breach of contract, and other similar conduct.

Following EquiMed’s bankruptcy, three subsidiaries of EquiMed filed voluntary Chapter 11 proceedings, and those proceedings were consolidated with the EquiMed bankruptcy.

Contemporaneous with these proceedings, EquiMed and various other related plaintiffs commenced actions against two insurance companies, Steadfast Insurance Company and Reliance Insurance Company, in State court in Pennsylvania, seeking coverage for some of the losses sustained by EquiMed and other companies. Those cases 14 U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITTwere removed to federal court and transferred to the District of Maryland for consideration in the bankruptcy of EquiMed.

The parties to these various adversary actions negotiated a complex settlement agreement that involved the creation of an estate in the custody of the bankruptcy trustee, the sale of various properties ofEquiMed’s subsidiaries, the modification of related settlement agreements entered into by some of the parties, and various releases.

DVI, a creditor of EquiMed and some of its subsidiaries, objected to the global settlement agreement, arguing that its security interest in various of EquiMed’s assets were not recognized by the agreement.DVI had provided equipment financing to EquiMed and its subsidiaries, and it secured its loans with a security agreement covering theequipment and other assets of EquiMed including its accounts receivable and contract rights. DVI asserted that its security agreement covered EquiMed’s interests in management services agreements underwhich EquiMed operated the cancer centers in exchange for net profits from those cancer centers. DVI also asserted that it had a securityinterest in offset rights in promissory notes given by subsidiaries Keystone Oncology, LLC, Oaktree Cancer Care, Inc., and RosewoodCancer Care, Inc., all of which were surrendered as part of the settlement agreement.

The district court rejected DVI’s assertion of security interests in both the management services agreements and the offset rights in thesurrendered notes. With respect to the management services agreements, the court stated that the agreements could not be characterized as "accounts receivable" or "contract rights," which were covered bythe security agreement. The court pointed to the fact that the Pennsylvania Uniform Commercial Code, which governed the security agreement, distinguishes "account" from "general intangible," defining "account" (and "contract right") as "[a]ny right to payment for goods sold or leased or for services rendered which is not evidenced by aninstrument or chattel paper, whether or not it has been earned by performance," and defining "general intangible" as "[a]ny personal property . . . other than goods, accounts, chattel paper, documents, instruments, investment property and money." 13 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 9106; see also U.C.C. § 9-106 Official Comment (stating that the term "contract right" is included in the definition of "account"). The 15 U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITTcourt determined that the relationship between EquiMed and the various cancer centers to which it supplied management services was acontinuing undertaking rather than a simple contract between the parties for the sale of services. On that basis, the court characterized the agreements as general intangibles, and because Provident Bank, not DVI, had the lien on EquiMed’s general intangibles, the court rejected DVI’s claim to any value in the management service agreements and any proceeds they contributed to the settlement.

The district court also stated that even if DVI did hold an interestin the management services agreements, that interest was likely extinguished prior to bankruptcy based on "convincing" evidence that the agreements were terminated pre-petition. The court also recognized that any valid interest of DVI in the agreements could not then attach because, given the extensive network of relationships between the various corporations owned and operated by Colkitt, settlement of the adversary proceeding "cannot be characterized as being the recovery of accounts receivable or contract rights" but rather "the bundle of various intangible rights" related to the entire operating business of the cancer centers. The court noted, as an example, that EquiMed’sright to control the cancer centers derived not only from the management services agreements but also from its option to purchase each center for one dollar.

With respect to DVI’s claimed interest in the proceeds contributed to the settlement through the surrender by Keystone, Rosewood, and Oaktree of their offset rights in the promissory notes, the district courtheld that DVI had no lien on the proceeds because DVI had no security interest in the rights themselves. The court also found that the rights were surrendered in exchange for a release from Provident Bank, the holder of the notes, rather than any release from the trustee as to liability for fraudulent conveyance of assets subject to interests claimed by DVI.

DVI appealed the district court’s order approving the global settlement agreement, asserting the same arguments that it did before the district court.

We have carefully reviewed the record and considered the arguments of counsel made in their briefs and at oral argument. For the 16 U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITTreasons set forth in the district court’s opinion, see United States ex rel. Rahman v. Oncology Associates, P.C. , CA-95-2241-H, CA-00- 1216-H, BK-00-11147, AP-00-1180-8, CA-01-2676-H, BK-00- 20825-PM, BK-00-20826-PM, BK-00-20827-PM, CA-01-3014-H, AP-00-1430 (D. Md. Nov. 1, 2001), we affirm the judgment of the district court.

AFFIRMED 17 U NITED S TATES v. C OLKITT