CONTENTS

(For contents in detail, see separate table of contents at beginning of each Article and

Amendment)

Page

Public Law 91–589 .................................................................................................................... v

Introduction to the 2012 Centennial Edition .......................................................................... ix

Historical note on formation of the Constitution .................................................................... xvii

Text of the Constitution (literal print) ..................................................................................... 1

Text of the amendments (literal print) .................................................................................... 23

Proposed amendments not ratified by the States ................................................................... 47

The Constitution with Analysis ................................................................................................ 53

Preamble ..................................................................................................................................... 55

Article I—Legislative Department ........................................................................................... 57

Article II—Executive Department ............................................................................................ 453

Article III—Judicial Department ............................................................................................. 659

Article IV—States’ Relations .................................................................................................... 927

Article V—Mode of Amendment ............................................................................................... 995

Article VI—Prior Debts, National Supremacy, and Oaths of Office ...................................... 1015

Article VII—Ratification ........................................................................................................... 1051

Amendments to the Constitution ............................................................................................. 1053

First Amendment—Religion and Free Expression ................................................................. 1067

Second Amendment—Bearing Arms ........................................................................................ 1367

Third Amendment—Quartering Soldiers ................................................................................. 1373

Fourth Amendment—Search and Seizure ............................................................................... 1375

Fifth Amendment—Rights of Persons ..................................................................................... 1471

Sixth Amendment—Rights of Accused in Criminal Prosecutions ......................................... 1613

Seventh Amendment—Civil Trials ........................................................................................... 1689

Eighth Amendment—Further Guarantees in Criminal Cases .............................................. 1707

Ninth Amendment—Unenumerated Rights ............................................................................ 1761

Tenth Amendment—Reserved Powers ..................................................................................... 1765

Eleventh Amendment—Suits Against States .......................................................................... 1779

Twelfth Amendment—Election of President ........................................................................... 1811

Thirteenth Amendment—Slavery and Involuntary Servitude ............................................... 1813

Fourteenth Amendment—Rights Guaranteed ......................................................................... 1823

Fifteenth Amendment—Right of Citizens to Vote .................................................................. 2241

Sixteenth Amendment—Income Tax ........................................................................................ 2257

Seventeenth Amendment—Popular Election of Senators ...................................................... 2271

Eighteenth Amendment—Prohibition of Intoxicating Liquors .............................................. 2273

Nineteenth Amendment—Women’s Suffrage Rights .............................................................. 2277

Twentieth Amendment—Commencement of the Terms of Office .......................................... 2279

Twenty-First Amendment—Repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment ...................................... 2283

Twenty-Second Amendment—Presidential Tenure ................................................................. 2295

Twenty-Third Amendment—Presidential Electors for D. C. .................................................. 2297

Twenty-Fourth Amendment—Abolition of the Poll Tax ......................................................... 2299

Twenty-Fifth Amendment—Presidential Vacancy and Disability ......................................... 2301

Twenty-Sixth Amendment—Reduction of Voting Age ............................................................. 2305

Twenty-Seventh Amendment—Congressional Pay Limitation .............................................. 2307

Acts of Congress held unconstitutional in whole or in part by the Supreme Court of the

United States .......................................................................................................................... 2309

XXV
State constitutional and statutory provisions and municipal ordinances held unconstitutional or held to be preempted by federal law .................................................................... 2359

Supreme Court decisions overruled by subsequent decision ................................................. 2601

Table of cases ............................................................................................................................. 2617

Index ........................................................................................................................................... 2789

XXVI CONTENTS