State of Vermont 

Superior Court—Environmental Division 

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E N T R Y R E G A R D I N G M O T I O N 

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Town of Westford v. Linda Mathieu Docket No. 153-9-10 Vtec 

(Municipal Enforcement Action) 

 

Title: Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (Filing Nos. 3 & 4) 

Filed: March 19, 2012. 

Filed By: Plaintiff, Town of Westford. 

Reply in Opposition filed on April 16, 2012 by Defendant Linda Mathieu, together with a 

 Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment, based upon equitable estoppel. 

Response in Opposition to Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment filed on June 1, 2012 by 

 Plaintiff, Town of Westford. 

Sur-reply filed on June 21, 2012 by Defendant Linda Mathieu. 

 X Granted (as to Plaintiff Town’s motion) X Denied (as to Defendant’s motion) 

This matter concerns an enforcement action brought on behalf of the Town of Westford 

(“Town”) against Linda Mathieu for causing or allowing the construction of a road across 

property she owns that is intended to serve as access for property and one or more buildings on 

a separate parcel of land owned by her husband, Richard Mathieu. One or both of the Mathieus 

are members of a Vermont limited liability company named Mathieu Properties, LLC that holds 

title to a third adjoining parcel. All three properties are located north of the Westford-Milton 

Road and west of Vermont Route 128. The Town has also initiated enforcement actions against 

Mr. Mathieu (Town of Westford v. R. Mathieu, Docket No. 9-1-11 Vtec) and the LLC (Town of 

Westford v. Mathieu Properties, LLC, Docket No. 28-2-12 Vtec). 

The record currently before us reveals several undisputed facts that are material to our 

review of the pending motions. The Mathieus first applied in 2008 for a permit to subdivide the 

property that they now hold in their individual names and that of their LLC. After that initial 

approval, Mr. Mathieu applied for several amendments to their subdivision permit. Mrs. 

Mathieu’s parcel is improved with a barn and mobile home that is accessed by a driveway from 

the Westford-Milton Road. Mr. Mathieu’s property is improved with a home and one or more 

barns and is accessed by a driveway off of “Mathieu Road.”1 The LLC’s property appears to be 

improved with one or more commercial buildings; it is sometimes referred to in the record 

before us as the “bus lot.” 

In the course of approving an amendment to the initial subdivision application filed by 

Mr. Mathieu to increase the building envelope on his parcel, the Town of Westford 

Development Review Board (“DRB”) conditioned its approval upon a requirement that “[a]ll 

 

1

 The record currently before us does not reveal whether Mathieu Road is a town or private road. It 

serves as access to Vermont Route 128. Whether Mathieu Road is a public highway or private drive is not 

material to the motions currently under consideration. 
Town of Westford v. L. Mathieu, No. 153-9-10 Vtec (EO on Motions for Sum. Judgment) (10-10-12) Pg. 2 of 4. 

structures located on [Mr. Mathieu’s] parcel shall solely be accessed by Mathieu Road.”2 

Instead, the Mathieus constructed an access road to Mr. Mathieu’s barn from the WestfordMilton Road, across the drive serving Mrs. Mathieu’s property. The Mathieus constructed this 

access road without first obtaining a zoning permit or amendment to their pre-existing 

subdivision permit. The Town alleges that this un-permitted access road also crosses the LLC 

property. 

On September 21, 2009, the Town of Westford Zoning Administrator (“ZA”) served Mrs. 

Mathieu with a notice of alleged zoning violation (“NOV”) which listed the alleged offense as 

“[c]onstruction of a road without [DRB] approval.” The Town attached a copy of this NOV to 

its Complaint and labeled it Exhibit A. The ZA also noted in his NOV that fines may be 

assessed up to the statutory maximum ($100.00 per day) if the violation continues for more than 

seven days after issuance of the NOV. Id. The ZA also directed that Mrs. Mathieu must 

complete the “following corrective measures . . . no later than seven days from the date of this 

Notice[:] [c]ease use of road and apply for [DRB] approval for the road or remove road from the 

property and reclaim the area disturbed.” Id. 

Mrs. Mathieu first challenged the NOV by filing a timely appeal with the DRB. When 

the DRB affirmed the NOV and denied Mrs. Mathieu’s request for a stay of the enforcement 

proceedings, Mrs. Mathieu, instead of appealing the DRB decision to this Court, sought to 

comply with the NOV by applying for a permit for the access road as constructed. The DRB 

denied that application, relying in part upon the prior permit condition that access to Mr. 

Mathieu’s barn be from Mathieu Road, onto Route 128. Mrs. Mathieu then filed a timely appeal 

of that DRB denial with this Court, which was docketed as In re Mathieu Subdivision Permit 

Amendment, No. 108-7-10 Vtec. The Mathieus also filed a second subdivision permit 

amendment application, based upon an access road similar to that originally directed by the 

DRB. 

Two months later, the Town filed this enforcement action. In the interim, Mr. Mathieu 

coordinated a site visit with municipal and state Agency of Transportation (“VTrans”) officials. 

The VTrans officials advised that the new access road for Mr. Mathieu’s property from the 

Westford-Milton Road would be safer than the access from Route 128. The Mathieus then 

withdrew their pending application and filed another application for approval of their access 

road as originally constructed. The DRB approved that application, but subject to nineteen 

enumerated conditions, including that the Mathieus make substantive improvements to the 

already-constructed access road and that “the driveway located off of Mathieu Road serving 

[Richard Mathieu’s] Lot shall be removed and the area reclaimed and reseeded.” In re: Mathieu 

Final Plat for Subdivision Amendment, Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law & Order, at 3 

(Town of Westford Dev. Review Bd. Aug. 31, 2011). 

The parties’ dispute has lingered for several years,

3 but they are to be commended in 

making some progress in resolving their dispute, in that the Mathieus have now secured a 

 

2

 In re: Mathieu Final Plat Amendment to an Approved 2-Lot for Subdivision, Findings of Fact, 

Conclusions of Law & Order, at 2, ¶3 (Westford Dev. Review Bd. Sept. 25, 2008). 

3

 The Court recognizes that it has contributed or at least consented to the tremendous amount of time 

that this and the other related actions have remained pending. The undersigned has only served as the

judge assigned to these matters for several months and therefore does not have a clear understanding of 

the reasons for this prolonged time period. We will endeavor to assist the parties in bringing these 

matters to resolution expeditiously from this point forward.
Town of Westford v. L. Mathieu, No. 153-9-10 Vtec (EO on Motions for Sum. Judgment) (10-10-12) Pg. 3 of 4. 

permit for the access road they originally installed without a permit, although the permit 

approval is subject to nineteen conditions, including those requiring improvements to the access 

road and the removal of a previously-installed driveway. We understand that Defendant or her 

husband has completed the roadway improvements directed by the DRB conditional approval 

and that the ZA issued a Certificate of Occupancy on December 30, 2011, confirming their 

completion. See Affidavit of ZA Melissa Manka ¶ 21, filed June 7, 2012.4

The issues remaining for this Court to address include whether the NOV should be 

upheld (which Defendant vigorously disputes) and, if so, what fines (if any) should be imposed 

as a consequence of the zoning violation. 

We first address Defendant’s request that the Court enter partial summary judgment on 

her behalf, estopping the Town from claiming that the alleged zoning violation has occurred. 

Defendant bases her claim upon the doctrine of equitable estoppel, asserting that the Town 

caused her to rely upon its representations that if she, in her words, simply applied for an “asbuilt” permit for the access road, her zoning violation would be cured and no enforcement 

action would be pursued. Defendant further asserts that she relied, to her detriment, on the 

Town’s representations when she decided not to pursue an appeal from the DRB’s decision to 

uphold the NOV. The Town disputes that such promises were made to Defendant and asserts 

that because Defendant chose not to appeal the DRB’s decision to uphold the NOV, Defendant 

is foreclosed from challenging that determination in these proceedings. See 24 V.S.A. § 4472(b) 

(failing to appeal a municipal land use determination bars “all interested persons affected . . . 

[from] contest[ing], either directly or indirectly, the [unappealed] decision . . . in any 

proceeding, including any proceeding to enforce” the provisions of Vermont’s municipal and 

regional planning statutes and the municipal ordinances those statutory provisions authorize). 

Although we are cautioned that equitable estoppel “is rarely invoked against [a] 

government[al]” entity,5 we decline on the facts before us to rule out the possible applicability 

of Defendant’s equitable estoppel claims. However, we decline to grant Defendant summary 

judgment, because the Town has provided a sufficient basis for us to conclude that the facts 

material to Defendant’s equitable estoppel claims are disputed. 

Whenever a dispute as to material facts has been established by the non-moving party, 

summary judgment must be denied and the parties must be allowed to proceed to trial. 

V.R.C.P. 56(c)(3); Nordlund v. Van Nostrand, 2011 VT 79, ¶ 9, 190 Vt. 188. Here, the Town has 

presented credible evidence, through the ZA’s affidavit and her review of the record before the 

DRB, that the assurances upon which Defendant and her husband base their equitable estoppel 

claims were never made. More to the point, the assurances Defendant references are 

completely absent from the DRB’s decision, which specifically upheld the NOV, denied 

Defendant’s request that the enforcement action against her be stayed, and provided specific 

notice that anyone wishing to appeal the DRB decision must file their appeal within 30 days 

with this Court. In re: Mathieu Appeal of Admin. Officer Decision and Request for Stay of 

Enforcement, Findings of Fact & Decision, at 4 (Town of Westford Dev. Review Bd. Nov. 17, 

2009), a copy of which the Town attached as Exhibit D to its Motion for Partial Summary 

 

4

 ZA Manka qualified the Certificate of Occupancy for the roadway as “temporary.” Id. 

5

 In re Letourneau, 168 Vt. 539, 547 (1998) (quoting in part Agency of Nat’l Resources v. Godnick, 162 Vt. 

588, 592 (1994)) (approving a claim of equitable estoppel against a government entity is only appropriate 

in the rare event that “the injustice that would ensue . . . sufficiently outweighs any effect upon [the 

governmental] interest or policy.”).
Town of Westford v. L. Mathieu, No. 153-9-10 Vtec (EO on Motions for Sum. Judgment) (10-10-12) Pg. 4 of 4. 

Judgment. Defendant concedes that she did not appeal the DRB’s November 17, 2009 decision 

to uphold the NOV that the Town’s pending Complaint is based upon. 

We further note that Defendant’s reliance upon the equitable estoppel doctrine appears 

misplaced, because even Defendant does not assert that the Town’s purported representations 

caused her or her husband to construct the roadway across her property without first securing a 

permit. Rather, Defendant’s representations, vigorously disputed by the Town, appear more 

related to the question of whether fines should be imposed upon Defendant for the admitted 

zoning violation and, if so, in what amount per day and over what number of days. Only a 

trial, or voluntary settlement by the parties, can resolve these questions and whether 

Defendant’s claims of equitable estoppel should bar the imposition of fines. Accordingly, we 

DENY Defendant’s motion for summary judgment. 

For similar reasons, we GRANT the Town’s request that we enter summary judgment in 

its favor, solely upon the legal question of whether the zoning violation alleged by the ZA in her 

2009 NOV occurred. Defendant does not dispute that an access road was built across her 

property without the required permit and does not offer any facts that are legally sufficient to 

refute the legal impact of her decision to not appeal the DRB’s decision to uphold the NOV, 

thereby rendering it final. 

This matter and the related enforcement matters against Mr. Mathieu and Mathieu 

Properties, LLC appear ready for trial. Therefore, the Court will conduct a pre-trial conference 

by telephone to discuss with the parties how long they anticipate it will take to complete the 

trial and when a trial may be scheduled. Accordingly, we direct each party in each matter shall 

file with the Court by Wednesday, October 24, 2012, their estimate of the time needed for trial 

and unavailable dates for themselves, their witnesses, and attorneys during the month of 

January, 2013. The Court will conduct a pre-trial conference, per the attached Notice of 

Hearing. 

_________________________________________ October 10, 2012 

 Thomas S. Durkin, Judge Date 

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Date copies sent: ____________ Clerk's Initials: _______ 

Copies sent to: 

 Attorney Amanda Lafferty for Plaintiff Town of Westford 

 Attorneys Brian P. Monaghan and Annie Dwight for Defendant Linda Mathieu