CONTENTS

(For contents in detail, see separate table of contents at beginning of each Article and

Amendment)

Page

Public Law 91–589 .................................................................................................................... v

Introduction to the 2012 Centennial Edition .......................................................................... ix

Historical note on formation of the Constitution .................................................................... xvii

Text of the Constitution (literal print) ..................................................................................... 1

Text of the amendments (literal print) .................................................................................... 23

Proposed amendments not ratified by the States ................................................................... 47

The Constitution with Analysis ................................................................................................ 53

Preamble ..................................................................................................................................... 55

Article I—Legislative Department ........................................................................................... 57

Article II—Executive Department ............................................................................................ 453

Article III—Judicial Department ............................................................................................. 659

Article IV—States’ Relations .................................................................................................... 923

Article V—Mode of Amendment ............................................................................................... 989

Article VI—Prior Debts, National Supremacy, and Oaths of Office ...................................... 1009

Article VII—Ratification ........................................................................................................... 1045

Amendments to the Constitution ............................................................................................. 1047

First Amendment—Religion and Free Expression ................................................................. 1061

Second Amendment—Bearing Arms ........................................................................................ 1361

Third Amendment—Quartering Soldiers ................................................................................. 1367

Fourth Amendment—Search and Seizure ............................................................................... 1369

Fifth Amendment—Rights of Persons ..................................................................................... 1463

Sixth Amendment—Rights of Accused in Criminal Prosecutions ......................................... 1605

Seventh Amendment—Civil Trials ........................................................................................... 1679

Eighth Amendment—Further Guarantees in Criminal Cases .............................................. 1697

Ninth Amendment—Unenumerated Rights ............................................................................ 1751

Tenth Amendment—Reserved Powers ..................................................................................... 1755

Eleventh Amendment—Suits Against States .......................................................................... 1769

Twelfth Amendment—Election of President ........................................................................... 1801

Thirteenth Amendment—Slavery and Involuntary Servitude ............................................... 1803

Fourteenth Amendment—Rights Guaranteed ......................................................................... 1813

Fifteenth Amendment—Right of Citizens to Vote .................................................................. 2225

Sixteenth Amendment—Income Tax ........................................................................................ 2241

Seventeenth Amendment—Popular Election of Senators ...................................................... 2255

Eighteenth Amendment—Prohibition of Intoxicating Liquors .............................................. 2257

Nineteenth Amendment—Women’s Suffrage Rights .............................................................. 2261

Twentieth Amendment—Commencement of the Terms of Office .......................................... 2263

Twenty-First Amendment—Repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment ...................................... 2267

Twenty-Second Amendment—Presidential Tenure ................................................................. 2279

Twenty-Third Amendment—Presidential Electors for D. C. .................................................. 2281

Twenty-Fourth Amendment—Abolition of the Poll Tax ......................................................... 2283

Twenty-Fifth Amendment—Presidential Vacancy and Disability ......................................... 2285

Twenty-Sixth Amendment—Reduction of Voting Age ............................................................. 2289

Twenty-Seventh Amendment—Congressional Pay Limitation .............................................. 2291

Acts of Congress held unconstitutional in whole or in part by the Supreme Court of the

United States .......................................................................................................................... 2293

XXV
State constitutional and statutory provisions and municipal ordinances held unconstitutional or held to be preempted by federal law .................................................................... 2343

Supreme Court decisions overruled by subsequent decision ................................................. 2585

Table of cases ............................................................................................................................. 2601

Index ........................................................................................................................................... 2771

XXVI CONTENTS