45

PROPOSED AMENDMENTS NOT RATIFIED

BY THE STATES

47

PROPOSED AMENDMENTS NOT RATIFIED BY THE

STATES

During the course of our history, in addition to the 27 amendments

which have been ratified by the required three-fourths of the States, six

other amendments have been submitted to the States but have not been

ratified by them.

Beginning with the proposed Eighteenth Amendment, Congress has customarily included a provision requiring ratification within seven years from

the time of the submission to the States. The Supreme Court in Coleman

v. Miller, 307 U.S. 433 (1939), declared that the question of the reasonableness of the time within which a sufficient number of States must act is a

political question to be determined by the Congress.

In 1789, at the time of the submission of the Bill of Rights, twelve proposed amendments were submitted to the States. Of these, Articles III-XII

were ratified and became the first ten amendments to the Constitution. Proposed Articles I and II were not ratified with these ten, but, in 1992, Article

II was proclaimed as ratified, 203 years later. The following is the text of

proposed Article I:

ARTICLE I. After the first enumeration required by the first article of the Constitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the number

shall amount to one hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall be not less than one hundred Representatives, nor less than one

Representative for every forty thousand persons, until the number of Representatives

shall amount to two hundred; after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall not be less than two hundred Representatives, nor more than

one Representative for every fifty thousand persons.

Thereafter, in the 2d session of the 11th Congress, the Congress proposed the following amendment to the Constitution relating to acceptance

by citizens of the United States of titles of nobility from any foreign government.

The proposed amendment which was not ratified by three-fourths of the

States reads as follows:

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of both Houses concurring), That the following

section be submitted to the legislatures of the several states, which, when ratified by

the legislatures of three fourths of the states, shall be valid and binding, as a part

of the constitution of the United States.

If any citizen of the United States shall accept, claim, receive or retain any title

of nobility or honour, or shall, without the consent of Congress, accept and retain any

present, pension, office or emolument of any kind whatever, from any emperor, king,

prince or foreign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen of the United States,

and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under them, or either

of them.
48 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

During the second session of the 36th Congress on March 2, 1861, the

following proposed amendment to the Constitution relating to slavery was

signed by the President. It is interesting to note in this connection that this

is the only proposed amendment to the Constitution ever signed by the

President. The President’s signature is considered unnecessary because of

the constitutional provision that upon the concurrence of two-thirds of both

Houses of Congress the proposal shall be submitted to the States and shall

be ratified by three-fourths of the States.

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following article be proposed to the Legislatures

of the several States as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which,

when ratified by three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid, to all intents and

purposes, as part of the said Constitution, viz:

‘‘ARTICLE THIRTEEN

‘‘No amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to

Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said

State.’’

In more recent times, only three proposed amendments have not been

ratified by three-fourths of the States. The first is the proposed child-labor

amendment, which was submitted to the States during the 1st session of the

68th Congress in June 1924, as follows:

JOINT RESOLUTION PROPOSING AN AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States,

which when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, shall be

valid to all intents and purposes as a part of the Constitution:

ARTICLE———

SECTION 1. The Congress shall have power to limit, regulate, and prohibit the

labor of persons under 18 years of age.

SECTION 2. The power of the several States is unimpaired by this article except

that the operation of State laws shall be suspended to the extent necessary to give effect to legislation enacted by the Congress.

The second proposed amendment to have failed of ratification is the

equal rights amendment, which formally died on June 30, 1982, after a disputed congressional extension of the original seven-year period for ratification.
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 49

HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 208

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to equal

rights for men and women.

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That

The following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution

when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven

years from the date of its submission by the Congress:

‘‘SECTION 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by

the United States or by any State on account of sex.

‘‘SECTION 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

‘‘SECTION 3. This amendment shall take effect two years after the date of ratification.’’

The third proposed amendment relating to representation in Congress

for the District of Columbia failed of ratification, 16 States having ratified

as of the 1985 expiration date for the ratification period.

HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 554

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States,

which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from

the date of its submission by the Congress:

‘‘ARTICLE

‘‘SECTION 1. For purposes of representation in the Congress, election of the President and Vice President, and article V of this Constitution, the District constituting

the seat of government of the United States shall be treated as though it were a State.

‘‘SEC. 2. The exercise of the rights and powers conferred under this article shall

be by the people of the District constituting the seat of government, and as shall be

provided by the Congress.

‘‘SEC. 3. The twenty-third article of amendment to the Constitution of the United

States is hereby repealed.

‘‘SEC. 4. This article shall be inoperative, unless it shall have been ratified as an

amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several

States within seven years from the date of its submission.’’