I 

112TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 3014 

To provide grants to State educational agencies and institutions of higher 

education to strengthen elementary and secondary computer science education, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

SEPTEMBER 22, 2011 

Mr. POLIS (for himself, Mr. FILNER, Mr. LANGEVIN, and Mr. REYES) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Education and the Workforce 

A BILL 

To provide grants to State educational agencies and institutions of higher education to strengthen elementary and 

secondary computer science education, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Computer Science 

5 Education Act of 2011’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 The Congress finds the following: 


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1 (1) Computing technology, driven by break2 throughs in computer science, is an integral part of 

3 the culture of the United States and is reshaping 

4 how people interact. 

5 (2) Computer science is transforming industry, 

6 creating new fields of commerce, driving innovation 

7 in all fields of science, and bolstering productivity in 

8 established economic sectors. 

9 (3) Computer science underpins the information 

10 technology sector of the United States economy, 

11 which is a significant contributor to the economic 

12 output of the United States. 

13 (4) The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects 

14 that from 2008 through 2018 more than 1,500,000 

15 high-wage computing jobs will be created in the 

16 United States economy, making high-wage com17 puting one of the fastest growing occupational fields. 

18 (5) Computer science is critical for national se19 curity and for meeting the challenges that a modern 

20 society faces. Of the 14 Grand Challenges for Engi21 neering determined by the National Academy of En22 gineering, 8 have a predominant or significant com23 puter science component. 

24 (6) Providing students with computer science 

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1 ical for student success in the 21st century and for 

2 strengthening the workforce. 

3 (7) Elementary and secondary computer science 

4 education gives students a deeper knowledge of the 

5 fundamentals of computing, yielding critical thinking 

6 skills that will serve them throughout their lives in 

7 numerous fields. 

8 (8) Computer science courses in elementary and 

9 secondary schools are fading from the national land10 scape at a time when they are most needed. The 

11 Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA) has 

12 found that introductory secondary school computer 

13 science courses have decreased in number by 17 per14 cent since 2005 and the number of Advanced Place15 ment (AP) computer science courses has decreased 

16 by 33 percent. 

17 (9) Significant disparities in access to computer 

18 science education exist for minorities. Research in 

19 the Los Angeles Unified School District, the second 

20 largest and one of the most diverse school districts 

21 in the United States, found college-preparatory com22 puter science courses were commonly missing in 

23 schools with high numbers of Latino and African24 American students. 


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1 (10) According to the National Center for 

2 Women and Information Technology, women and 

3 certain racial minorities are underrepresented in 

4 computer science education. In 2008, 17 percent of 

5 AP computer science test takers were women, even 

6 though women represented 55 percent of all AP test 

7 takers. In 2008, only 4 percent of AP computer 

8 science test takers were African-Americans, even 

9 though African-Americans represented 7 percent of 

10 all AP test takers. Only 784 African-American stu11 dents nationwide took the AP computer science 

12 exam in 2008. 

13 (11) While some States, including Texas and 

14 Georgia, allow computer science courses to count to15 ward a student’s secondary school core graduation 

16 requirements, most States that have specific course 

17 requirements for graduation count computer science 

18 courses only as electives, chilling student interest in 

19 computer science courses. 

20 (12) The CSTA has found that many States do 

21 not have a certification or licensure process for com22 puter science teachers, and where certification proc23 esses do exist, such processes often have no connec24 tion to computer science content. 


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1 (13) The CSTA has developed model computer 

2 science teacher certification pathways for both new 

3 and experienced teachers. 

4 (14) Computer science education has been en5 cumbered by confusion regarding the related but dis6 tinct concepts of computer science education, tech7 nology education, and the use of technology in edu8 cation. 

9 (15) Computer science education courses have 

10 often been placed within the vocational education 

11 pathways in schools, creating a focus on applied in12 formation technology skills rather than a focus on 

13 developing core computer science knowledge. 

14 (16) The Association for Computing Machinery 

15 and the CSTA have established a clear four-part, 

16 grade-appropriate framework of standards for com17 puter science education to guide State reform ef18 forts. 

19 (17) With the growing importance of computing 

20 in society, the need for students to understand the 

21 fundamentals of computing, and the significant chal22 lenges computer science education faces in elemen23 tary and secondary education, broad support for 

24 computer science education is needed to catalyze re25 form. 


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1 SEC. 3. STATE COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING GRANTS. 

2 (a) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary of Edu3 cation shall award grants to State educational agencies to 

4 develop comprehensive plans to strengthen elementary and 

5 secondary computer science education in accordance with 

6 this section. 

7 (b) OBJECTIVES.—A comprehensive plan developed 

8 under this section shall outline strategies for achieving the 

9 following objectives: 

10 (1) Provide an engaging and rigorous computer 

11 science education intended to ensure students are 

12 prepared for the 21st century. 

13 (2) Assess the State’s needs for computer 

14 science education, particularly for underrepresented 

15 populations. 

16 (3) Ensure access to computer science courses, 

17 particularly at low-performing schools and for low18 income students and students underrepresented in 

19 computing. 

20 (4) Ensure that students are exposed to grade21 appropriate computer science concepts in kinder22 garten through grade 12 and that computer science 

23 courses at the secondary level are viewed as part of 

24 the core curriculum students need to be ready for 

25 postsecondary education and careers. 


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1 (5) Ensure that teachers have the appropriate 

2 background, skills, and access to resources to teach 

3 computer science. 

4 (c) CONTENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE PLANS.—A 

5 State educational agency that receives a grant under sub6 section (a) shall develop a comprehensive plan that meets 

7 the objectives described in subsection (b) and includes the 

8 following: 

9 (1) An assessment of elementary and secondary 

10 computer science education in such State. 

11 (2) Proposals to improve elementary and sec12 ondary computer science education in such State 

13 through the development and implementation of— 

14 (A) challenging and grade-appropriate aca15 demic content standards for computer science 

16 at elementary and secondary education levels; 

17 (B) grade-appropriate assessments of com18 puter science learning; 

19 (C) programs to increase access to com20 puter science courses for students at low-per21 forming schools and students underrepresented 

22 in computing; 

23 (D) improved computer science teacher 

24 certification or licensure requirements and proc25 esses; 


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1 (E) professional development programs for 

2 computer science teachers; and 

3 (F) programs for ensuring that computer 

4 science courses at the secondary level are con5 sidered an integral part of the curriculum stu6 dents need to be well prepared for higher edu7 cation and employment. 

8 (d) CONSULTATION.—In developing a comprehensive 

9 plan under this section, a State educational agency shall 

10 collaborate with representatives of institutions of higher 

11 education, with other interested parties, and, where they 

12 exist in such State, with State P–16 or P–20 councils. 

13 (e) DURATION OF GRANTS.—The Secretary shall 

14 award each grant under subsection (a) for a period of two 

15 years. 

16 (f) FUNDING STRUCTURE.— 

17 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall award 

18 grants under subsection (a) proportionally among 

19 the State educational agencies that apply for grant 

20 funding under this section based on the number of 

21 low-income children served by the State educational 

22 agency compared to the total number of low-income 

23 children served by all of the State educational agen24 cies that apply for grant funding under this section. 

25 (2) COUNTING LOW-INCOME CHILDREN.— 


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1 (A) CATEGORIES OF CHILDREN.—The 

2 number of low-income children to be counted 

3 for purposes of this section is the aggregate 

4 of— 

5 (i) the number of children aged 5 to 

6 17, inclusive, in the State from families 

7 below the poverty level, as determined by 

8 the Secretary on the basis of the most re9 cent satisfactory data; 

10 (ii) the number of children (deter11 mined for either the preceding year or for 

12 the second preceding year, as the Secretary 

13 finds appropriate) aged 5 to 17, inclusive, 

14 in the State in institutions for neglected 

15 and delinquent children (other than such 

16 institutions operated by the United 

17 States); and 

18 (iii) the number of children aged 5 to 

19 17, inclusive, in the State from families 

20 above the poverty level as determined 

21 under paragraph (4)(A) of section 1124(c) 

22 of the Elementary and Secondary Edu23 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6333(c)(4)). 

24 (B) METHODOLOGY.—In making computa25 tions under subparagraph (A), the Secretary 


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1 shall use the methodology described in para2 graphs (3) through (5) of section 1124(c) of the 

3 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 

4 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6333(c)). 

5 (3) MINIMUM GRANT.—Notwithstanding para6 graph (1), each State educational agency approved 

7 by the Secretary to receive a grant under this sec8 tion shall receive a minimum grant of $250,000. 

9 (g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

10 authorized to be appropriated such sums as necessary, 

11 subject to the availability of appropriations, to carry out 

12 this section. 

13 SEC. 4. IMPLEMENTATION GRANTS. 

14 (a) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary shall 

15 award grants to State educational agencies in accordance 

16 with this section to implement computer science education 

17 improvements proposed in comprehensive plans that meet 

18 the requirements of subsections (b) and (c) of section 3. 

19 (b) BENCHMARKS.—Each State educational agency 

20 applying for a grant under this section shall— 

21 (1) develop quantifiable benchmarks for the ac22 tivities supported under such grant, which may in23 clude benchmarks for increasing— 

24 (A) student knowledge and competency of 

25 grade-appropriate computer science concepts; 


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1 (B) the number of students that take com2 puter science courses; 

3 (C) the diversity of students who take com4 puter science courses; 

5 (D) the number of students who plan to 

6 pursue postsecondary computer science degrees; 

7 (E) the diversity of students who plan to 

8 pursue postsecondary computer science degrees; 

9 and 

10 (F) the number of teachers who are cer11 tified to teach computer science; and 

12 (2) submit such quantifiable benchmarks to the 

13 Secretary for approval. 

14 (c) ACTIVITIES.—Grant funds received under this 

15 section shall be used by each State educational agency for 

16 the development and implementation of— 

17 (1) challenging and grade-appropriate academic 

18 content standards for computer science; 

19 (2) grade-appropriate assessments of computer 

20 science learning; 

21 (3) programs to increase access to computer 

22 science courses for students at low-performing 

23 schools and students underrepresented in computing; 

24 (4) improved computer science teacher certifi25 cation requirements and processes; 


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1 (5) professional development programs for com2 puter science teachers; 

3 (6) programs for ensuring that computer 

4 science courses at the secondary level are considered 

5 an integral part of the curriculum students need to 

6 be well prepared for higher education and employ7 ment; 

8 (7) effective computer science curricula; 

9 (8) computer science distance learning pro10 grams; and 

11 (9) such other activities that strengthen com12 puter science education and that such State edu13 cational agency considers appropriate. 

14 (d) ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.—A State edu15 cational agency may use not more than five percent of a 

16 grant received under this section for administrative ex17 penses. 

18 (e) PARTNERSHIPS.—In performing the activities re19 quired under subsection (c), each State educational agency 

20 shall partner with institutions of higher education and 

21 local educational agencies, and may partner with nonprofit 

22 organizations, businesses, and other State educational 

23 agencies. 

24 (f) NON-FEDERAL SHARE.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—Each State educational 

2 agency receiving a grant under this section shall 

3 provide a non-Federal share, in cash or in-kind, of 

4 the funding for the activities described in subsection 

5 (c) of not less than 20 percent of the total cost of 

6 such activities in any fiscal year. 

7 (2) FINANCIAL HARDSHIP WAIVER.—The Sec8 retary may reduce or waive the requirement to pro9 vide a non-Federal share under paragraph (1) for a 

10 State educational agency if such State educational 

11 agency demonstrates a need for such waiver or re12 duction due to extreme financial hardship. 

13 (g) DURATION OF GRANTS.—The Secretary shall 

14 award each grant under subsection (a) for a period of five 

15 years. 

16 (h) SUBSEQUENT GRANTS.—At the end of the five17 year period for a grant, the grant recipient may apply for 

18 an additional grant under this section by submitting an 

19 updated comprehensive plan that meets the requirements 

20 of subsections (b) and (c) of section 3. In considering an 

21 application for a subsequent grant under this section, the 

22 Secretary shall take into consideration the reports filed 

23 under subsection (l). 

24 (i) COMPETITIVE BASIS; PRIORITY.—The Secretary 

25 shall— 


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1 (1) award grants for a fiscal year on a competi2 tive basis among State educational agencies that 

3 meet the requirements for funding under this sec4 tion; and 

5 (2) give priority to State educational agency 

6 proposals that include an emphasis on serving low7 performing schools and on increasing participation 

8 in computer science by students underrepresented in 

9 computing. 

10 (j) FUNDING PRIORITY.—In allocating grant funds 

11 received under this section, a State educational agency 

12 shall give priority to proposals that include an emphasis 

13 on serving low-performing schools and on increasing par14 ticipation in computer science by students underrep15 resented in computing. 

16 (k) SUPPLEMENT, NOT SUPPLANT.—Funds made 

17 available to carry out this section shall be used to supple18 ment, and not supplant, other Federal and State funds 

19 available to carry out the activities described in this sec20 tion. 

21 (l) REPORTS.—Each State educational agency receiv22 ing a grant under this section shall— 

23 (1) measure the progress of such State edu24 cational agency in achieving the benchmarks devel25 oped under subsection (b)(1); 


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1 (2) collect data relating to student-related 

2 benchmarks developed under subsection (b)(1) in a 

3 form that is disaggregated by student race, eth4 nicity, gender, disability status, migrant status, 

5 English proficiency status, and low-income status, 

6 except that such disaggregation shall not be required 

7 when the number of students in a category is insuf8 ficient to yield statistically reliable results or the re9 sults would reveal personally identifiable information 

10 about an individual student; 

11 (3) collect such other performance information 

12 as the Secretary may reasonably require for the na13 tional evaluation conducted under section 7; 

14 (4) submit a report to the Secretary addressing 

15 each item in paragraphs (1) through (3) not later 

16 than four years after the date on which the State 

17 educational agency receives an initial grant under 

18 this section; and 

19 (5) not later than two years after the date of 

20 the submission of the report required under para21 graph (4), and biennially thereafter until the State 

22 educational agency no longer receives grant funding 

23 under this section, submit to the Secretary an up24 date of such report. 


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1 (m) GUIDANCE.—The Secretary shall provide guid2 ance to State educational agencies regarding acceptable 

3 data sources and methodologies for— 

4 (1) establishing performance benchmarks; and 

5 (2) measuring progress by State educational 

6 agencies receiving grants under this section. 

7 SEC. 5. COMMISSION ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION. 

8 (a) COMMISSION.—Not later than 90 days after the 

9 date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall es10 tablish a Commission, to be known as the ‘‘Blue Ribbon 

11 Commission on Computer Science Education’’ (in this sec12 tion referred to as the ‘‘Commission’’), to provide rec13 ommendations for expanding and improving computer 

14 science education. 

15 (b) MEMBERSHIP.—The Commission shall consist of 

16 not more than 20 members and shall include at least one 

17 of each of the following: 

18 (1) A State education official. 

19 (2) An expert in computer science. 

20 (3) A representative of an elementary or sec21 ondary computer science education practitioner orga22 nization. 

23 (4) An elementary or secondary computer 

24 science teacher. 


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1 (5) A social scientist with expertise on equity 

2 issues in the field of computer science. 

3 (6) A representative of the computing industry 

4 or an industry that depends on computing services. 

5 (c) REVIEW.—The Commission shall— 

6 (1) review the state of elementary and sec7 ondary computer science education; and 

8 (2) review the state of computer science teacher 

9 certification requirements. 

10 (d) REPORT.—Not later than 270 days after the date 

11 on which the Commission is established, the Commission 

12 shall submit to Congress and the Secretary a report con13 taining the results of the review under subsection (c). 

14 Such report shall include— 

15 (1) recommendations on best practices for com16 puter science instruction, teacher preparation, and 

17 professional development; 

18 (2) recommendations on best practices for com19 puter science teacher certification, including rec20 ommendations on achieving congruence between 

21 State computer science teacher certification stand22 ards and the content of teacher preparation pro23 grams offered by institutions of higher education; 

24 and 

25 (3) recommendations for expanding capacity— 


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1 (A) to help students understand computer 

2 science, the job opportunities available to those 

3 who pursue computer science education, and 

4 the importance of computer science in the econ5 omy; 

6 (B) to strengthen computer science edu7 cation in the elementary and secondary public 

8 education system in the United States; and 

9 (C) to increase participation in computer 

10 science among students underrepresented in 

11 computing. 

12 (e) TERMINATION.—The Commission shall terminate 

13 on the date that is 30 days after the date of the submis14 sion of the report required under subsection (d). 

15 SEC. 6. MODEL TEACHER PREPARATION PROGRAMS. 

16 (a) MODEL TEACHER PREPARATION PROGRAMS.— 

17 The Secretary may award grants to institutions of higher 

18 education to improve computer science teacher training. 

19 (b) ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES.—A grant received under 

20 subsection (a) shall be used to carry out at least one of 

21 the following activities: 

22 (1) Development of courses for undergraduate 

23 students that— 


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1 (A) prepare such students to teach com2 puter science at the elementary and secondary 

3 level; 

4 (B) address content and pedagogy in com5 puter science education; and 

6 (C) engage teacher education and other 

7 relevant departments at such institution of 

8 higher education. 

9 (2) Development and support of mentoring pro10 grams to support computer science teachers who are 

11 new to the profession. 

12 (c) DURATION OF GRANTS.—Each grant awarded by 

13 the Secretary under this section shall be for a period of 

14 five years. 

15 (d) LIMITATIONS.—The Secretary may not award 

16 grants under this section before the earlier of the date of 

17 the submission of the report of the Blue Ribbon Commis18 sion on Computer Science Education required under sec19 tion 5(d), or the date that is one year after the date of 

20 the enactment of this Act. The Secretary shall consider 

21 such report, if available, in awarding grants under this 

22 section. 

23 SEC. 7. NATIONAL EVALUATION. 

24 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not earlier than four years after 

25 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 


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1 contract with an independent organization for a com2 prehensive, scientifically valid, and quantitative evaluation 

3 of the performance and effectiveness of the activities fund4 ed by grants received under this Act in improving the 

5 availability and quality of computer science education, the 

6 overall participation rate of students in computer science 

7 courses, and the participation rate of students underrep8 resented in computing in computer science courses. 

9 (b) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.— 

10 (1) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than five years 

11 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec12 retary shall submit to Congress a report on the re13 sults of the evaluation described in subsection (a). 

14 (2) REPORT UPDATES.—Not later than two 

15 years after the date on which the Secretary submits 

16 the report required under paragraph (1), and bienni17 ally thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Con18 gress an update of such report. 

19 SEC. 8. DEFINITIONS. 

20 In this Act: 

21 (1) COMPUTER SCIENCE.—The term ‘‘computer 

22 science’’ means the study of computers and algo23 rithmic processes and includes the study of com24 puting principles, computer hardware and software 


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1 design, computer applications, and the impact of 

2 computers on society. 

3 (2) COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION.—The 

4 term ‘‘computer science education’’ includes com5 puting education in any of the following: 

6 (A) Software design. 

7 (B) Hardware design. 

8 (C) Creation of digital artifacts. 

9 (D) Abstraction. 

10 (E) Logic. 

11 (F) Algorithm development and implemen12 tation. 

13 (G) Programming paradigms and lan14 guages. 

15 (H) Theoretical foundations. 

16 (I) Networks. 

17 (J) Graphics. 

18 (K) Databases and information retrieval. 

19 (L) Information security and privacy. 

20 (M) Artificial intelligence. 

21 (N) The relationship between computing 

22 and mathematics. 

23 (O) The limits of computation. 

24 (P) Applications in information technology 

25 and information systems. 


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1 (Q) The social impacts of computing. 

2 (3) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 

3 term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the 

4 meaning given that term in section 101(a) of the 

5 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). 

6 (4) LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCY.—The term 

7 ‘‘local educational agency’’— 

8 (A) subject to subparagraph (B), has the 

9 meaning given that term in section 9101(26) of 

10 the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 

11 of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801(26)); and 

12 (B) includes any charter school (as defined 

13 in section 5210(1) of the Elementary and Sec14 ondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

15 7221i(1))) that constitutes a local educational 

16 agency under State law. 

17 (5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

18 the Secretary of Education. 

19 (6) STATE EDUCATIONAL AGENCY.—The term 

20 ‘‘State educational agency’’ has the meaning given 

21 that term in section 9101(41) of the Elementary 

22 and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

23 7801(41)). 

24 (7) STATE P–16 OR P–20 COUNCIL.—The term 

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1 lic officials and public and private sector leaders 

2 that— 

3 (A) is established by a State executive 

4 order, statute, or voluntary agreement and may 

5 be regularly chaired or co-chaired by the Gov6 ernor of the State; 

7 (B) sets formal aligned expectations for a 

8 seamless system of education from the earliest 

9 years of a child’s development through the kin10 dergarten through grade 12 system and into 

11 and through postsecondary education; 

12 (C) acts as a venue for collaboration across 

13 early learning, including preschool through the 

14 first 4 years of higher education or through 

15 doctoral and professional schools; and 

16 (D) receives State, foundation, business, or 

17 other funding to carry out the body’s agenda. 

18 (8) STUDENTS UNDERREPRESENTED IN COM19 PUTING.—The term ‘‘students underrepresented in 

20 computing’’— 

21 (A) means populations historically under22 represented in computer science disciplines; and 

23 (B) includes females, racial minorities, and 

24 low-income students. 

Æ 


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