T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

Th e H o n o r ab l e J a me s L. G r a h a m, Se n i o rD i s tr i c tJ u d g e f o rth e U . S. ** D i s tr i c tC ourtf

orthe S outhe rn D i s tr i c tof O hi o, C ol um bus , s i tt i ng by de s i gna t i on. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T J EFFREY Q . M I LES, P e titio n e r- A p p e lla n t, v. D . L. RU N N ELS, R es po nd ent- A pp el l ee . N o. 10- 15675 D. C . No . 2 : 0 4 - c v - 0 1 4 3 1 - L KK EFB ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e E a s te rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia L a w r e nc e K . K a r l t on, S e ni orD i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d A ugus t29, 2011 S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif

o rn ia B ef ore: B E R Z O N and B Y B E E , C i rc ui tJudg es , and G R A H A M , S eni or D i stri ct Judg e. ** P e titio n e r - A p p e lla n t J e f f r e yM ile s ap p e a ls th e d is tr ic t c o u rt’s d e n ia l o f h is 2 8 U .S .C . § 2 2 5 4 h ab e a s p e titio n . H e m a k e s tw o a r g u m e n ts f o rr e lie f . 

# FI LED SEP 22 2011 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALSM i l es fi rs tar gu es thathi s s ent ence of 60 ye ar s t o l i fe for tw o fi rs t -degree

b u r g la r ie s u n d e rC a lif

o rn ia ’s th r e e s tr ik e s la w is c ru e l a n d u n u s u a l p u n is h m e n t. B e c aus e the s t a t e c ourtha s r e j e c t e d thi s c l a i m on the m e r i t s , habe a s r e l i e f w i l l not be grant ed un l es s the st at e c ou rt ’ s dec i si on “ w as contraryt o, or i nv ol ved an u n r e a s o n ab le ap p lic a tio n o f , c le a r lye s tab lis h e d F e d e r a l la w .” 2 8 U .S .C . § 2254( d) ( 1) . T he onl y c l e a r l y e s t abl i s he d l a w f ora n E i ghth A m e ndm e ntc ha l l e nge to an o n c ap ita l s e n te n c e is th e “g r o s s d is p r o p o rtio n a lityp r in c ip le ,” w h ic h p r o h ib its s e n te n c e s th a t a r e g r o s s lyd is p r o p o rtio n a te to th e c r im e c o m m itte d a n d is

“ appl i cabl e onl y i n the ‘ exce edi ng l y r ar e’ and ‘ extre m e’ ca se . ” L ocky erv. A ndrade (A ndrade II

) , 538 U . S . 63, 73 ( 2003) ( quot i ng H arm e l i n v . Mi c hi

gan , 501 U . S . 957, 1001 ( 1991) ( K e nne dy , J . , c onc urr i ng i n pa rta nd c onc urr i ng i n the ju d g m e n t) ) . T he s e nt e nc e i s notgr os s l ydi s pr oport i ona t e t o the c r i m e i n thi s c a s e . T he s e v e r ityo f

M ile s ’s c r im in a l h is to rya n d th e n a tu r e o f h is s e n te n c e a r e s im ila rto tho se of A nd ra de’ s, and M i l es ’ s tw o p ri nci pal fe l on i es (f i rs t -degree bu rgl ar i es ) are m o r e s e r io u s th a n A n d r a d e ’s ( p e ttyth e f ts ) . Se e i d. at66 –6 7. F urther, un l i ke ca se s i n w h i ch th i s C o u rth as g ran t ed h ab eas p et i t i o n s fo r rel i ef fro m si m i l ar sen t en ces, M i l e s ’ s p r i n c i p a l o f

f e n s e s a n d c r i mi n a l h i s t o ryd e mo n s tr a t e ap a tt e rn o f r e c i d i v i s m, se e N orr is v . Mor

gan , 6 2 2 F . 3 d 1 2 7 6 , 1 2 9 4

– 9 5 (9 th C i r. 2 0 1 0 ), an d i n cl u d e atl east o n e v io le n t c r im e , s e e Re y e s v . Br o wn , 39 9 F . 3d 96 4, 96 7– 69 & n. 7 (9th C i r.A l though the s t a t e c ourtonl yrul e d on the s e c ur i tygua r d i s s ue be c aus e the 1 phy s i c a l r e s tr a i nt s i s s ue w a s ne ve rpr e s e nt e d byM i l e s t o the s t a t e c ourt , the r e s tr a i n t s c l a i m f

a l l s s h o rte v e n u n d e rd e n o v o r e v i e w. 20 05 ). T hu s, M i l es ’ s s ent ence i s notun re as on abl e nor contraryt o est abl i shed f e d e r a l la w , a n d th e d is tr ic t c o u rt d id n o t e rrin r e je c tin g h is h ab e a s p e titio n o n th is gr ound. M ile s ’s s e c o n d a r g u m e n t is th a t h e w a s d e n ie d af a irtr ia l b e c au s e as e c u r ity g u a r d s to o d b e h in d h im d u r in g th e tr ia l p r o c e e d in g s a n d th e ju rys a w h im in p h y s ic a l r e s tr a in ts . B o th o f M ile s ’s f

a irtr ia l c la im s a r e s o “v a g u e ( o r ) c o n c lu s o ry ,” a n d u n s u p p o rte d b y s p e c if ic f a c ts , th a t th e yd o n o t w a rr a n t h ab e a s r e lie f . B lac kle dge v . A l l is on , 431 U . S . 63, 75 & n. 7 ( 1977) ( quot i ng M achi broda v. U ni ted Stat es , 3 6 8 U .S . 4 8 7 , 4 9 5 ( 1 9 6 2 ) ) ( in te rn a l q u o ta tio n m a rk s o m itte d ) . H is 1 f ir s t c o n te n tio n , th a t as e c u r ityg u a r d s to o d b e h in d h im f o rth e d u r a tio n o f

th e tr ia l, is n o t e n o u g h in its e lf

to m e r it r e lie f

. T h e S u p r e m e C o u rt a n d th is C o u rt h a v e h e ld thatun i form ed se curi ty guards s i tuat ed behi nd or neara def endantdu ri ng the tri al d o n o t, w ith o u t m o r e , u n a c c e p tab lyth r e a te n th e f a irn e s s o f

atr ia l. See H

olbroo k v . Fl y nn , 4 7 5 U .S . 5 6 0 , 5 6 9

– 7 2 ( 1 9 8 6 ) ; W i l l i a m s v. W

o o d f o rd , 384 F . 3d 567, 588 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 4 ) ; A i ns w or th v . Calde r on , 1 3 8 F .3 d 7 8 7 , 7 9 7 & n .8 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 9 8 ) . S i m i l ar l y, hi s s ec on d con t ent i on , thatthe j ury s aw hi m i n p hysi ca l re stra i nt s a ft er c ourt , doe s nots t a t e ac ons t i tut i ona l vi ol a t i on. A l though the r out i ne us e of s ha c kl e s dur i ng atr i a l i n am a nne rknow n t o the j uryi s i nhe r e nt l ypr e j udi c i a l a ndM ile s r e q u e s ts a n e v id e n tia ryh e a r in g o n b o th is s u e s , th o u g h w ith o u t a 2 c e rt i f i c a t e of appe a l abi l i ty gr a nt e d f

orthi s r e que s t . B e c aus e he ha s not“ a l l e ge [ d] fa ct s w hi ch, i f proven, w ou l d ent i t l e hi m t o rel i ef , ” G on zalezv. P l i ler , 341 F . 3d 897, 903 ( 9th C i r . 2003) ( quot i ng B elm o n tes v. W o o d f o rd , 355 F . 3d 1024, 1053 (9 th C i r. 2 0 0 3 )), an d b ecau se h e “ fai l ed t o d ev el o p th e factu al b asi s o f [h i s] c la im [ s ] in S ta te c o u rt p r o c e e d in g s ,” 2 8 U .S .C . § 2 2 5 4 ( e ) ( 2 ) , h e is n o t e n title d to a n e v id e n tia ry h e a r in g . r a r e lyju s tif

ie d , see D eck v. Misso u ri , 54 4 U . S . 62 2, 63 2– 35 (9th C i r. 20 05 ), M i l es d o e s n o t m a k e c le a rth a t th is o c c u rr e d . A d e f e n d a n t m a yc e rta in lyb e v is ib ly r e s tr a i ne d onc e he i s f

ound gui l tyi f

the j uryha s no r ol e i n the pe na l typha s e , a nd e ve n aj ury ’ s br i e f

vi e w i ng of

ade f e nda nti n s ha c kl e s dur i ng tr a ns porti s not p r e ju d ic ia l e n o u g h to d e n y af a irtr ia l, se e Wi l l i a ms , 384 F . 3d a t592–93 ( c om pi l i ng ca se s) . F or bo th i ss ues, the re cord fai l s t o p rovi de suff i ci entsupp ort i ng evi dence; 2 the onl y r e l e va ntf

a c ti n i ti s tha tthe r e w a s a tl e a s tone s e c ur i tygua r d i n the c o u rtr o o m . T h u s , th e d is tr ic t c o u rt d id n o t e rrin d e n y in g M ile s r e lie f o n h is f a ir tri al cl ai m s. A cco rd i n g l y, th e j u d g m en to f th e d i stri ctco u rti s A FFI R M ED .