# Patent

## Title
Stable crystalline form of bifeprunox mesylate (7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate)

## Abstract

The invention relates to a stable polymorphic form of the compound 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2 (3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate (INNM bifeprunox mesylate), a method for the preparation of said polymorphic form and its use in pharmaceutical products, especially in pharmaceutical products for the treatment of psychotic disorders and Parkinson's disease.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/495,708, filed Aug. 18, 2003, content of which is incorporated herein by reference.


The present invention relates to a stable polymorphic form of the compound 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1 -piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethane-sulfonate, a method for the preparation of said polymorphic form and its use in pharmaceutical products, especially in pharmaceutical products for the treatment of psychotic disorders and Parkinson's disease.
The mesylate of the compound 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate (INNM bifeprunox mesilate) has the formula




The hydrochloric acid salt of this compound (7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone (bifeprunox) is described and claimed in WO097/36893 and the monomethanesulfonate salt is described and claimed in WO02/066449. In the second patent publication the direct formation of the monomethanesulfonate salt by the reaction between the reactive mesylate ester of N,N,N-bis(2-ethanol)-m-phenylbenzyl amine and 7-amino-2(3H)-benzoxazolone is disclosed.

The inventors have now found that by the method described in WO02/066449 bifeprunox mesylate is normally obtained as a crude product (melting range indicated in WO02/066449 as 263-275° C.) in a polymorphic form further indicated in this application as polymorph δ (delta). Upon further purification the product is obtained in two different crystal modifications or a mixture of these two modifications. The first of said two modifications is the already mentioned polymorph δ (delta) and has a melting point in pure form of 265° C. The second modification is further indicated as polymorph γ (gamma). When the γ polymorph is predominantly is obtained, it is in almost all cases obtained in a mixture of said polymorph with polymorph δ, the mixture having a melting point of about 273° C.
During further investigations it has appeared that polymorphs γ and δ are metastable, and therefore may have serious drawbacks when used in a pharmaceutical formulation. The unpredictable formation of one of the two polymorphs γ and δ or a mixture thereof is also undesirable. It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a stable crystalline form of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate for pharmaceutical use which can be produced in a reproducible manner.
It has now surprisingly been found that 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate also has another crystalline polymorphic form (referred to below as polymorph α (alpha)) which does not have the disadvantages of the earlier mentioned polymorphs. This crystalline form of bifeprunox mesylate is more thermodynamically stable. Polymorphic form α does not undergo conversion, even at high atmospheric humidity or higher temperature. Furthermore this crystalline form crystallizes in the form of large crystals which can be easily be filtrated and having a high purity. Therefore this polymorph α is particularly suitable for the formulation of bifeprunox mesylate in a solid form, if desired after particle size reduction.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows an XRPD pattern of polymorphic form α of bifeprunox mesylate.
FIG. 2 shows a DSC trace of polymorphic form α of bifeprunox mesylate.
FIG. 3 shows an IR (ATR) spectrum of polymorphic form α of bifeprunox mesylate.
FIG. 4 shows a 13C solid state NMR spectrum of polymorphic form α of bifeprunox mesylate.
FIG. 5 shows a configuration of polymorphic form α of bifeprunox mesylate derived from X-ray crystallography.
FIG. 6 shows an XRPD pattern of polymorphic form γ of bifeprunox mesylate.
FIG. 7 shows a DSC trace of polymorphic form γ of bifeprunox mesylate.
FIG. 8 shows an IR (ATR) spectrum of polymorphic form γ of bifeprunox mesylate.
FIG. 9 shows a 13C solid state NMR spectrum of polymorphic form γ of bifeprunox mesylate.
FIG. 10 shows a configuration of polymorphic form γ of bifeprunox mesylate derived from X-ray crystallography.
FIG. 11 shows an XRPD pattern of polymorphic form δ of bifeprunox mesylate.
FIG. 12 shows a DSC trace of polymorphic form δ of bifeprunox mesylate.
FIG. 13 shows an IR (ATR) spectrum of polymorphic form δ of bifeprunox mesylate.
FIG. 14 shows a 13C solid state NMR spectrum of polymorphic form δ of bifeprunox mesylate.
FIG. 15 shows a configuration of polymorphic form δ of bifeprunox mesylate derived from X-ray crystallography.
The crystalline polymorphic form of bifeprunox mesylate according to the present invention is defined by the following physicochemical parameters X-Ray diffraction patterns (Table 1 and FIG. 1);
The melting point of polymorphic form α is 277° C. (DSC heating rate 10 K/min) (see DSC thermogram, FIG. 2);
IR spectrum (Table 2 and FIG. 3); The most important IR absorption bands of form α of bifeprunox mesylate which can be used to distinguish this form from forms γ and δ are given in Table 2a;
Solid state 13C-NMR spectrum (Table 3 and FIG. 4); The most important 13C-NMR shifts of form α of bifeprunox mesylate which can be used to distinguish this form from forms γ and δ are given in Table 3a;
Single crystal X-ray diffraction (Tables 4 and 5 and FIG. 5).
All data herein are understood to be approximate and subject to normal measurement error depending e.g. on the apparatus used and other parameters influencing peak positions and peak intensities.
Table 1shows characteristic X-ray powder diffractions of forms α, γ and δ of bifeprunox mesylate. FIG. 1 provides a representative XRPD pattern of polymorphic for a of bifeprunox mesylate.
Table 1










TABLE 1








Characteristic reflexes (expressed in degree of diffraction



Form
angle 2θ at room temperature)









α
7.0, 9.3, 10.0, 12.5, 15.4, 16.7, 17.2, 17.4, 17.7, 18.7,




21.3, 22.2, 25.2, 27.2, 28.3, 28.8, 30.1



γ
10.4, 11.4, 11.7, 14.1, 15.1, 21.0, 26.9



δ
6.4, 10.2, 12.1, 16.4, 16.8, 19.3, 19.7, 20.6, 24.1, 26.6










Table 2shows characteristic IR absorption bands of forms α, γ and δ of bifeprunox mesylate. FIG. 2 provides a representative IR spectrum of polymorphic form a of bifeprunox mesylate.
Table 2








TABLE 2





Form
Characteristic IR absorption bands (expressed in cm−1)







α
1764, 1636, 1284, 1217, 809, 795, 746, 694, 663, 509


γ
1777, 1279, 1258, 1210, 1124, 800, 764, 749, 627, 518


δ
1865, 1769, 1434, 1282, 1253, 1212, 1126, 935, 767, 751









Table 2a shows important IR absorption bands of forms α, γ and δ of bifeprunox mesylate which can be used to distinguish the three forms.
Table 2a










TABLE 2a







Form
Characteristic IR absorption bands (expressed in cm−1)









α
1764, 1217, 795, 746, 694



γ
1777, 1210, 764, 749, 518



δ
1769, 1212, 935, 767, 751










Table 3 shows characteristic 13C solid state NMR chemical shifts in forms α, γ and δ of bifeprunox mesylate. FIG. 3 provides a representative 13C solid state NMR spectrum of polymorphic form α of bifeprunox mesylate.
Table 3








TABLE 3






Characteristic chemical shift (expressed in ppm relative to


Form
glycine (δc = 176.03 for the C═O resonance)







α
40.4, 48.7, 50.3, 56.5, 106.8, 110.7, 124.9, 126.9, 127.8, 129.2,



130.8, 134.2, 137.7, 141.6, and *153.8.


γ
38.2, *44.3, *45.9, 50.1, 54.5, 59.4, 103.5, 109.3, 125.3, 



127.9, 128.9, 131.1, 133.2, 134.5, 141.2, 143.2 and *153.7


δ
39.1, *44.3, *46.3, 49.3, 53.4, 58.8, 104.6, 110.4, 124.6,



127.0, 128.5, 129.7, 130.5, 134.4, 141.5, 143.5, and *154.7





*denotes carbon resonances which show typical asymmetric residual quadrupolar splittings. Chemical shift are given for the high-field resonance maximum






Table 3a shows important 13C solid state NMR chemical shift bands of forms α, γ and δ of bifeprunox mesylate which can be used to distinguish the three forms.
Table 3a










TABLE 3a








Characteristic chemical shift (expressed in ppm relative



Form
to glycine (δc = 176.03 for the C═O resonance)









α
40.4, 48.7, 56.5, 106.8 and 137.7



γ
38.2, 54.5, 103.5, 109.3 and 133.2



δ
39.1, 49.3, 53.4, 58.8 and 104.6










Table 4shows relevant single crystal X-ray diffraction data collection parameters for the crystal structure determination of forms α, γ and δ of bifeprunox mesylate.
Table 4











TABLE 4







Alpha (α)
Gamma (γ)
Delta (δ)



















Temperature (K)
150
133
150


Wavelength (Å)
0.710731
0.71073
0.71073


Crystal size (mm × mm × mm)
0.10 × 0.15 × 0.27
0.24 × .13 × 0.07
0.10 × 0.15 × 0.35


Crystal system
triclinic
monoclinic
triclinic


Space group
P-1
P21/c
P-1


Z
2
4
2


Unit cell dimensions; a (Å)
9.823
9.0975
9.1832


B (Å)
10.737
15.269
9.3963


C (Å)
12.690
17.128
14.106


α (°)
98.553
90
76.968


β (°)
93.749
100.694
83.809


Γ (°)
116.097
90
89.157


Calculated density (g cm−3)
1.481
1.368
1.3556


Completeness of data (%)
100.0
100.0
99.8


Total number of reflections
27105
23759
27207


Number of unique reflections
5355
5809
4149


Nr. Of refined parameters
314
316
314





□ (Mo Kα radiation)






Table 5 shows atomic coordinates (×104) and equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2 ×103) for the crystal structure of form α of bifeprunox mesylate. U(eq) is defined as one third of the trace of the orthogonalized Uij tensor.
Table 5












TABLE 5







x
y
z
U(eq)




















O1
3471.7(11)
3848.0(10)
2910.8(8) 
26.4(3)


O2
2785.8(13)
1499.8(11)
2541.1(10)
38.1(4)


N1
5215.5(15)
3175.4(14)
3398.0(11)
29.3(4)


N2
3880.6(13)
6773.4(13)
3211.0(10)
24.6(4)


N3
1702.0(14)
7879.1(13)
3177.7(11)
24.9(4)


C1
3755.9(18)
2687.4(17)
2914.9(13)
28.6(5)


C2
4801.7(16)
5042.8(16)
3421.0(12)
23.7(4)


C3
5896.6(17)
4637.6(16)
3727.8(12)
25.8(5)


C4
7334.0(17)
5622.3(17)
4265.8(12)
28.3(5)


C5
7587.8(18)
7016.7(18)
4470.3(12)
30.7(5)


C6
6489.3(17)
7425.7(17)
4145.1(12)
28.2(5)


C7
5035.3(17)
6432.4(16)
3594.8(12)
24.3(4)


C8
4371.2(18)
8285.6(16)
3280.4(14)
29.8(5)


C9
3141.4(17)
8515.3(17)
2694.6(13)
29.2(5)


C10
1196.3(17)
6328.4(15)
3094.7(13)
25.8(5)


C11
2450.2(16)
6106.0(16)
3661.4(12)
25.9(5)


C12
 465.7(18)
8238.1(17)
2763.9(13)
29.1(5)


C13
−273.5(18)
7526.6(18)
1622.4(13)
30.9(5)


C14
  166(2)
 8245(2)
 780.4(15)
46.7(7)


C15
 −586(2)
 7574(3)
−256.4(16)
57.6(8)


C16
 −1734(2) 
 6194(2)
−466.0(15)
49.2(7)


C17
−2206.8(19)  
5456.1(19)
 362.2(13)
34.9(6)


C18
−1474.4(18)  
6157.3(18)
1409.5(13)
30.8(5)


C19
 −3495(2) 
4003.7(19)
 170.3(13)
37.1(6)


C20
 −4751(2) 
 3585(2)
−623.3(14)
43.7(6)


C21
 −5976(2) 
 2260(2)
−766.8(17)
54.6(7)


C22
 −5989(2) 
 1318(2)
−129.3(18)
58.2(8)


C23
 −4750(3) 
 1709(2)
 655.0(17)
54.6(7)


C24
 −3520(2) 
 3039(2)
 804.2(15)
45.3(6)


S1
8220.4(4) 
1865.1(4) 
3801.4(3) 
26.8(1)


O3
6650.8(13)
1454.8(12)
3355.9(10)
40.2(4)


O4
8282.1(15)
1197.6(13)
4711.2(9) 
42.6(4)


O5
9171.5(14)
3369.6(12)
4040.9(11)
48.7(4)


C25
 8951(2)
 1114(2)
2801.2(15)
51.0(7)









Table 6 shows atomic coordinates (×104) and equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2×103) for the crystal structure of form γ of bifeprunox mesylate. U(eq) is defined as one third of the trace of the orthogonalized Uij tensor.
Table 6












TABLE 6







x
y
z
U(eq)




















O(1)
6610.7(11)
756.7(7)
6306.4(6)
26.6(2)


O(2)
9117.5(12)
552.8(8)
6513.4(8)
40.3(3)


C(2)
7882.4(17)
 240.9(11)
 6352.9(10)
29.1(4)


N(3)
7439.1(14)
−598.9(9) 
6206.3(8)
27.4(3)


C(3A)
5878.6(17)
−646.4(10)
6063.5(9)
24.5(3)


C(4)
4896.5(18)
−1346.6(11)  
5948.7(9)
31.7(4)


C(5)
3392.7(19)
−1133.4(11)  
 5866.9(10)
35.5(4)


C(6)
2894.2(18)
−281.1(11)
5915.0(9)
32.3(4)


C(7)
3884.2(17)
 428.8(10)
6069.0(9)
26.2(3)


C(7A)
5382.3(16)
 199.5(10)
6119.9(8)
23.7(3)


N(1')
3465.6(14)
1286.2(8) 
6230.9(8)
28.4(3)


C(2')
1876.4(18)
1434.5(11)
 6215.9(11)
35.7(4)


C(3')
1661.2(18)
2283.3(11)
 6630.8(11)
36.5(4)


N(4')
2322.4(14)
3039.8(9) 
6262.9(8)
28.0(3)


C(5')
3942.4(17)
2861.2(11)
 6265.4(10)
30.0(4)


C(6')
4103.6(17)
2010.2(10)
5840.3(9)
27.2(3)


C(10)
 2051(2)
3884.9(11)
 6667.0(10)
35.6(4)


C(11)
2788.0(18)
4658.9(11)
6354.3(9)
30.7(4)


C(12)
2314.0(17)
4949.2(10)
5577.8(9)
27.8(4)


C(13)
3015.0(17)
5646.9(10)
5277.0(9)
26.8(3)


C(14)
4183.8(18)
6072.6(11)
 5781.3(10)
33.7(4)


C(15)
 4644(2)
5795.6(12)
 6554.8(11)
40.5(4)


C(16)
3964.4(19)
5086.4(12)
 6836.9(10)
38.5(4)


C(21)
2576.4(16)
5917.7(10)
4432.7(9)
25.3(3)


C(22)
2266.8(17)
5286.3(11)
3836.1(9)
29.8(4)


C(23)
1921.6(19)
5532.9(11)
 3043.3(10)
35.0(4)


C(24)
1900.5(18)
6409.3(11)
 2833.0(10)
33.3(4)


C(25)
2200.7(17)
7041.3(11)
 3419.1(10)
31.8(4)


C(26)
2519.2(17)
6797.7(10)
 4209.4(10)
29.3(4)


S
9163.9(4)
−2786.7(3)   
5975.1(2)
28.4(1)


O(3)
9584.0(13)
−1870.9(7)   
6067.6(8)
39.5(3)


O(4)
7714.0(13)
−2961.4(8)   
6156.0(8)
48.0(4)


O(5)
9327.4(15)
−3123.8(9)   
5197.7(7)
50.7(4)


C(1M)
10484.0(18) 
−3388.0(11) 
6647.3(9)
33.1(4)









Table 7 shows atomic coordinates (×104) and equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å×104) for the crystal structure of form δ of bifeprunox mesylate. U(eq) is defined as one third of the trace of the orthogonalized Uij tensor.
Table 7












TABLE 7







x
y
z
U(eq)




















O1
4353.9(14) 
2151.8(14) 
 9.8(9)
31.7(5)


O2
2013.8(15) 
1799.9(16) 
−260.0(11)
41.7(6)


N1
3473.0(19) 
3697(2)
−1220.7(13)  
33.0(6)


N2
7357.2(17) 
2103.5(19) 
 550.2(12)
32.1(6)


N3
8449.3(17) 
 325.4(19) 
2265.2(12)
30.5(6)


C1
3130(2)
2515(2)
−491.7(15)
31.6(8)


C2
5441(2)
3184(2)
−431.7(14)
27.6(7)


C3
4912(2)
4146(2)
−1202.7(15)  
29.5(7)


C4
5792(2)
5233(2)
−1804.5(16)  
38.0(8)


C5
7222(2)
5295(2)
−1576.5(17)  
40.4(8)


C6
7745(2)
4328(2)
−796.9(16)
35.7(8)


C7
6862(2)
3203(2)
−190.9(15)
29.9(7)


C8
8926(2)
2107(2)
 662.0(15)
36.3(8)


C9
9346(2)
 659(2)
1284.5(15)
36.0(7)


C10
6854(2)
 364(2)
2127.3(15)
33.3(7)


C11
6484(2)
1826(2)
1508.8(14)
34.0(7)


C12
8900(2)
−1091(2)  
2896.8(15)
35.7(8)


C13
7978(2)
−1468(2)  
3868.2(15)
32.6(7)


C14
6997(2)
−2644(2)  
4086.9(17)
40.5(8)


C15
6109(2)
−2941(2)  
4966.4(17)
42.7(8)


C16
6171(2)
−2068(2)  
5624.7(16)
39.1(8)


C17
7146(2)
−888(2)
5437.5(15)
32.1(7)


C18
8054(2)
−613(2)
4552.0(15)
32.2(7)


C19
7171(2)
 74(2)
6137.9(15)
31.4(7)


C20
7068(2)
−494(2)
7144.3(15)
34.8(7)


C21
7028(2)
 422(3)
7794.2(16)
38.2(8)


C22
7099(2)
1919(3)
7448.1(16)
39.7(8)


C23
7201(2)
2497(2)
6453.5(16)
41.0(8)


C24
7234(2)
1589(2)
5798.4(16)
37.9(8)


S1
8731.8(6)  
3909.1(6)  
3076.9(4) 
33.3(2)


O3
9471.7(16) 
2602.8(16) 
2887.4(12)
50.3(6)


O4
7233.7(16) 
3640.6(18) 
3484.5(11)
50.4(6)


O5
8877.7(16) 
5117.0(17) 
2228.8(11)
47.6(5)


C25
9712(3)
4404(3)
3958.1(17) 
48.8(9)









The polymorphic form α differs substantially from the forms γ and δ in its physicochemical parameters: DSC melting behavior, X-ray diffraction pattern, IR spectrum and solid state 13C-NMR spectrum. The physicochemical parameter of the forms γ and δ are given in Tables 1-4, 6 and 7 and FIGS. 6-15.
The present invention also relates to bifeprunox mesylate in which at least about 50 weight percent (wt. %) of the bifeprunox mesylate, preferably at least about 60 wt. % thereof, more preferably at least about 80 wt. % thereof, more advantageously, at least about 90 wt. %, yet more preferably at least about 95 wt % of bifeprunox mesylate is in the polymorphic α form and is substantially devoid of any γ or δ polymorphic forms thereof. With substantially devoid is meant an amount of less than 10%, preferably less than 5% w/w. Still more preferably at least about 99% wt. % of bifeprunox mesylate is in the polymorphic α form.
The preparation of the polymorphic form α according to the invention is carried out by recrystallisation from an organic solvent or a mixture of an organic solvent with water, preferably a mixture of a (C1-C6)alcohol and water or a mixture of acetonitrile and water. More preferred are a mixture of 2-propanol and water or a mixture of acetonitrile and water. The most preferred solvent is a mixture of acetonitrile and water. The polymorphic form γ can be prepared by making the free base of bifeprunox directly followed by the addition of methane sulphonic acid and crystallization from methylethylketone.
The polymorphic form α and γ according to the invention can be formulated into dosage forms in which the crystalline active substance is present in the solid form by methods known in the art. Examples of said dosage forms are (optionally coated) tablets, capsules, granular aerosols, suppositories and suspensions, which can be prepared by mixing the polymorphic form α or γ of the active substance with inert pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and carriers. Most preferably the dosage forms are tablets or capsules.
The polymorphic form α and γ according to the invention can be used by administering to a living being. Bifeprunox mesylate is especially useful for the treatment of humans suffering from psychotic disorders or Parkinson's disease.



The following examples are only intended to further illustrate the invention, in more detail, and therefore these examples are not deemed to restrict the scope of the invention in any way.
EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of Bifeprunox Mesylate
EXAMPLE 1a
Preparation of N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide
143.6 g (1 mole) of 2-amino-4-chlorphenol was suspended in 550 ml of methyl t-butyl ether under mild nitrogen purge. The mixture was heated to reflux until the material was dissolved. In 40 minutes 112.3 g of acetic anhydride was added. After the addition the mixture was cooled to 20-25° C. in one hour. After stirring for an additional hour the mixture was cooled to 0-5° C. under stirring and kept on this temperature for an additional hour. The product was filtered off, washed with 200 ml of methyl t-butyl ether twice and dried at 50° C. and 100 mbar under a gentle nitrogen stream till dry. Yield about 92%.
EXAMPLE 1b
Preparation of N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide
224.5 g of sulphuric acid (50% w/w) was dissolved in 300 ml of water and cooled to 25° C. while stirring under a mild nitrogen purge. 185.1 g (1 mole) of N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide prepared according to Example 1a was added to the diluted sulphuric acid and mixed intensively. 4 ml of nitric acid 65% w/w was added to the foam formed on top of the reaction mixture at low stirring speed. The stirring speed was increased and 75 ml of nitric acid 65% w/w was added in 45 minutes, while maintaining the temperature between 23 and 26° C. The mixture was stirred vigorously for an additional 1 hour at 23-26° C. Then the mixture was cooled to 0-5° C. and vigorously stirred at this temperature for 1 hour. The solid was filtered off quickly, washed three times with 300 ml of cold water, sucked for at least 30 minutes and dried at 50° C. and 100 mbar under a gentle nitrogen stream till dry. The crude product was suspended in 2000 ml 96% ethanol, heated till reflux and refluxed under stirring for about 15 minutes until a clear solution was obtained. The solution was cooled to 25-30° C. in about 1 hour, while stirring slowly, further cooled to 0-5° C. and stirred at this temperature for an additional hour. The solid was filtered off, washed twice with 250 ml of cold 96% ethanol, and dried at 50° C. and 100 mbar under a gentle nitrogen stream till dry. Yield about 78%.
EXAMPLE 1c
Preparation of 6-amino-4-chloro-2-nitrophenol
230.6 g (1 mole) of N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide prepared according to Example 1b was suspended in a mixture of 950 ml of water and 100 ml of 2-propanol under a mild nitrogen purge. 345 ml of 36% w/w hydrochloric acid was added followed by 25 ml of water. The mixture was heated to reflux in about 30° C., while vigorously stirring and refluxed for 2 hours. The mixture was cooled to 0-5° C. in about one hour and stirred for an additional hour at 0-5° C. The solid was filtered off, washed twice with 250 ml of water, and dried at 50° C. and 100 mbar under a gentle nitrogen stream till dry. Yield about 91%.
EXAMPLE 1d
Preparation of 5-chloro-7-nitro-2(3H)-benzoxazolone
188.6 g (1 mole) of 6-amino-4-chloro-2-nitrophenol prepared according to Example 1c was suspended in 1000 ml of ethyl acetate under mild nitrogen purge and the optional present water was removed by azeotropic distillation of 250 ml of the solvent. The mixture was cooled to 20-25° C. and 224 g of carbonyidiimidazole was added as a slurry in 650 ml of ethyl acetate. An additional 100 ml of ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was vigorously stirred during two hours, without the application of cooling. 1000 ml of water was added and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. 1450-1500 ml of ethyl acetate was distilled off at about 200 mBar and about 50° C. The mixture was cooled to 0-5° C., 225 ml of 36% HCl was added and the mixture ws cooled again to 0-5° C. and stirred at this temperature for 15 minutes. The solid was filtered off, washed with 400 ml of 1N HCl, washed twice with 500 ml of cold water and once with 500 ml of cold water/ethanol (4/1), and dried at 50° C. and 100 mbar under a gentle nitrogen stream till dry. Yield about 99%.
EXAMPLE 1e
Preparation of 7-amino-2(3H)-benzoxazolone
107.5 g (1 mole) of 5-chloro-7-nitro-2(3H)-benzoxazolone prepared according to Example 1d was suspended in 1000 ml of ethanol. 9.25 g of Pd/C 5% and 50 ml of ethanol were added and the mixture was hydrogenated at 4 bar hydrogen pressure for four to six hours at 60-65° C. while vigorously stirring. When the hydrogenation was complete, the mixture was cooled to 45° C. and filtered over Hyflo®. The Hyflo®) was washed twice with 175 ml of methanol. 500 ml of solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure at 50° C., followed by addition of 250 ml of water and removal of 300 ml of solvent was by distillation under reduced pressure at 50° C. The last procedure was repeated twice and finally 250 ml of water was added and 400 ml of solvent was distilled of. The resulting mixture was cooled to 0-5° C. in about one hour. The solid was filtered off and, washed three times with 125 ml of cold water, and dried at 50° C. and 100 mbar under a gentle nitrogen stream till dry. Yield about 94%.
EXAMPLE 1f
Preparation of 3-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-1,1′-biphenyl
A mixture was prepared of 123.4 g of diethanolamine, 100 ml of water and 100 ml of methylethylketone (MEK) and 500 ml of methyl t-butyl ether while stirring under a mild nitrogen purge 124.75 g of 3-(bromomethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl was added together with 750 ml of methyl t-butyl ether. The mixture was heated to reflux and refluxed for 18 hours, followed by cooling till room temperature. Thereafter the mixture was washed once with 375 ml of 2N NaOH and four times with 375 ml of water. The combined 2N NaOH and water layers were extracted with 750 ml of methyl t-butyl ether. The combined methyl t-butyl ether layers were washed with 250 ml of water followed by distillation of as much methyl t-butyl ether as possible from the organic layer. 1350 ml of methylethylketone was added and 600 ml of solvent was distilled of at atmospheric pressure. The solution was cooled to room temperature and stored for use in the next step. Yield based on quantitative assay 97%.
EXAMPLE 1g
Preparation of Bifeprunox Mesylate (Crude)
A solution of 128.9 g of 3-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-1,1′-biphenyl in approximately 750 ml of methylethylketone prepared according to Example 1f was stirred under mild nitrogen purge. In a separate vessel 202 g of methanesulfonic anhydride was dissolved in in 600 ml of methylethylketone at 10-20° C. To the solution of 3-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-1,1′-biphenyl in methylethylketone 212.8 g of triethylamine was added and 60 ml of methylethylketone. The solution of methanesulfonic anhydride was added in about 45-60 minutes to the 3-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-1,1′-biphenyl/triethylamine solution, while maintaining the temperature below 10° C. 60 ml of methylethylketone was added and the mixture was stirred for another 15 minutes, followed by drop wise addition of 109.7 g of methanesulfonic acid and addition of 60 ml of methylethylketone in order to rinse the addition vessel.
71.3 g of 7-amino-2(3H)-benzoxazolone, prepared according to Example 1e was suspended in 100 ml of methylethylketone and added to the reaction mixture followed by 60 ml of methylethylketone. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux and refluxed during 20-24 hours. After 20-24 hours of reflux 48 ml of water was added and the mixture was refluxed again for 1 hour. 420 ml of methylethylketone was added and 490 ml of methylethylketone/water was distilled of. This last step was repeated three times. 46.1 g of methanesulphonic acid was added, the mixture was refluxed for an additional hour and cooled down to room temperature in 1 hour. The mixture was further cooled down to 0-5° C. and stirred at this temperature for another hour. The solid was filtered off and, washed twice with 75 ml of cold methylethylketone, and dried at 50° C. and 100 mbar under a gentle nitrogen stream till dry. Yield about 76%.
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of Polymorphic form α of Bifeprunox Mesylate in 2-Propanol
10.06 g of bifeprunox mesylate crude prepared as described Example 1g was suspended in a mixture of 200 ml of 2-propanol and 40 ml of water under nitrogen purge. The suspension was heated until reflux and cooled down to room temperature in 120 minutes under stirring. The formed suspension was further cooled down under stirring to 0° C. and stirred at this temperature for a further 120 minutes. The crystals were filtered of and dried at 50° C. and 100 mbar.
EXAMPLE 3
Preparation of Polymorphic form α of Bibfeprunox Mesylate in Acetronitrile
50 g of bifeprunox mesylate prepared crude as described in Example 1g was suspended in a mixture of 875 ml of acetonitrile and 250 ml of water under nitrogen purge. 375 ml of acetonitrile was added and the reaction mixture was heated till reflux. 500 ml of solvent was distilled off and 500 ml of acetonitrile were added and this procedure was repeated for a second time. After distilling another 500 ml of solvent the mixture was cooled down to room temperature in 120 minutes. The mixture was further cooled down to 5-0° C. and stirred for 120 minutes at this temperature. The formed crystals were filtered off and washed twice with acetonitrile. The isolated crystals were dried at 50° C. and 100 mbar under a mild nitrogen purge. Yield 85.6%.
EXAMPLE 4
Preparation of a 10 mg Capsule Formulation of Polymorphic form α of Bifeprunox Mesylate
2.227 kg of lactose was sieved and filled into a high shear mixer. 125 g of bifeprunox mesylate in its polymorphic form α was sieved and added. The composition was mixed with a high shear mixer (e.g. Collette Gral 10 or Collette Gal 75) until it was homogenous (approximately 4 minutes). 24 g of a disintegrant (e.g. sodium starch glycolate USP-NF such as Primojel®)) and 24 g of a lubricant (e.g. sodium stearyl fumarate such as PRUV®) were added and the composition was mixed again until it was homogenous (approximately 1 minute). The powder was filled into capsules size 0, 240 mg per capsule by means of a capsule filling machine (e.g. Zanasi LZ 64 or Zanasi RM63 plug filler). Approximately 10,000 filled capsules were obtained.
EXAMPLE 5
Preparation of a 10 mg Tablet Formulation of Bifeprunox Mesylate Polymorphic form α
Tablets with a strength of 10 mg were prepared according to the following procedures (required quantities are given in Table 8). One third of the given amount of lactose monohydrate was sieved and filled into a high shear mixer and mixed during 5 minutes. The required amount of milled bifeprunox mesylate in its polymorphic form α was added to the mixture, together with 0.100 kg sodium starch glycolate, type A, 2.32 kg microcrystalline cellulose and the remainder of the lactose monohydrate. The composition was mixed with a high shear mixer (e.g. Collette Gral 10 or Collette Gal 75) until it was homogenous (approximately 10 minutes). The required amount of a sodium stearyl fumarate (such as PRUV®), sieved through a 0.42 mm sieve was added and the composition was mixed again until it was homogenous (approximately 5 minutes). The final product was compressed with 300 MPa into tablets. The product was coated using 15% m/m of the indicated Opadry II HP water suspension to 3.5% of the core weight.
Table 8shows the amount of active ingredient and auxiliary materials used in a large scale production of 10 mg bifeprunox mesylate tablets.
Table 8










TABLE 8








Per batch of 83333



Components
10 mg tablets (in kg)



















Core components




Bifeprunox mesylate (milled)
1.041



Lactose monohydrate
16.33



Microcrystalline cellulose
2.32



Sodium starch glycolate, type A
0.100



Sodium stearyl fumarate
0.200



Coating components



Opadry II HP beige 85F27126
0.700



Purified water
3.968










EXAMPLE 6
Analytical Methods
XRPD patterns were measured on a diffractometer using monochromatic CuKa radiation (tube voltage 40 kV, tube current 40 mA) at room temperature. IR spectra were recorded on a Fourier transform IR spectrometer in attenuated total reflectance (silicon crystal) with a spectral resolution of 2 cm−1 using a mercury cadmium telluride detector.
Melting points were determined on a DSC apparatus as onset temperatures of the melting endotherm using 40 μl aluminum crucibles with a pierced lid. Temperature program: heating from 25° C. up to 300° C. with 10 K min−1. N2 atmosphere at a flow of 80 mL min−1.
The solid state 13C NMR spectra were obtained using the cross-polarisation magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) accessory on a Bruker AM300 instrument (contact time of 4 ms, recycle delay 3 s, spectral width 30 kHz, 1H 90° pulse of 6 μs, spinning rate about 8.5 kHz. A standard 4 mm Bruker CP/MAS probe was used. Chemical shifts are referred to glycine (δc=176.03 ppm for the C═O resonance).
Analyses for the alpha and the delta crystal forms were carried out at the Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University. Analysis of the gamma crystal form was carried out in Peter Jones' lab in Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Braunsweig.
Crystals of the alpha form appeared under the microscope as block-shaped, those of the gamma crystal form were plate- or rod-shaped, whereas crystals of the delta crystal form looked block-shaped with rounded edges.
For each crystal form, a crystal was transferred into the cold nitrogen stream on a rotating anode X-ray diffractometer. The structures were solved by automated direct methods. Hydrogen atoms bonded to nitrogen were located on an electron-density map and their coordinates were included as parameters in the refinement. Other hydrogen atoms were included in the refinement on calculated positions riding on their carrier atoms. All non-hydrogen atoms were refined with anisotropic atomic displacement parameters. Hydrogen atoms were given fixed displacement factors, related to those of their carrier atoms.

## Claims

1. A crystalline polymorph of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate, exhibiting an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having characteristic peaks expressed in degrees 2 θ at approximately 7.0, 9.3, 10.0, 12.5, 15.4, 16.7, 17.2, 17.4, 17.7, 18.7, 21.3, 22.2, 25.2, 27.2, 28.3, 28.8 and 30.1.

2. A crystalline polymorph of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate, having a melting point at approximately 277° C.

3. A crystalline polymorph of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate, exhibiting a DSC trace as shown in FIG. 2.

4. A crystalline polymorph of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate, exhibiting an attenuated total reflectance infrared spectrum having characteristic absorption bands expressed in reciprocal centimeters at approximately 1764, 1217, 795, 746 and 694.

5. A crystalline polymorph of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate, according to claim 4, exhibiting an attenuated total reflectance infrared spectrum having characteristic absorption bands expressed in reciprocal centimeters at approximately 1764, 1636, 1284, 1217, 809, 795, 746, 694, 663 and 509.

6. A crystalline polymorph of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate, exhibiting an infrared spectrum as shown in FIG. 3.

7. A crystalline polymorph of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate, exhibiting 13C solid state NMR chemical shifts expressed relative to glycine (δc=176.03 for the C═O resonance) at approximately 40.4, 48.7, 56.5, 106.8 and 137.7 ppm.

8. A crystalline polymorph of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyll]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate according to claim 7, exhibiting 13C solid state NMR chemical shifts expressed relative to glycine (δc =176.03 for the C═O resonance) at approximately 40.4, 48.7, 50.3, 56.5, 106.8, 110.7, 124.9, 126.9, 127.8, 129.2, 130.8, 134.2, 137.7, 141.6, and 153.8 ppm.

9. A crystalline polymorph of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate, exhibiting a 13C solid state NMR chemical as shown in FIG. 4.

10. A crystalline polymorph of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate exhibiting a single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis at 150 K with (a) crystal parameters that are approximately equal to the following:
















Cell dimensions
a = 9.283 Å




b = 10.737 Å




c = 12.690 Å




α = 98.553°




β = 93.749°




γ = 116.097°



Crystal system
triclinic



Space group
P-1



Molecules/unit cell
2



Density (g/cm3)
1.481.









and (b) atomic positions of all atoms relative to the origin of the unit cell as recited in Table 5.

11. A crystalline polymorph of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate, exhibiting a single X-ray diffraction as shown in FIG. 5.

12. A composition comprising 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate, wherein at least about 50 weight % of the 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate is in the crystalline polymorphic form α.

13. The composition according to claim 12, wherein at least about 60 weight % of the 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1 -piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate is in the crystalline polymorphic form α.

14. The composition according to claim 13, wherein at least about 80 weight % of the 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1 -piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate is in the crystalline polymorphic form α.

15. The composition according to claim 14, wherein at least about 90 weight % of the 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate is in the crystalline polymorphic form α.

16. The composition according to claim 15, characterized in that at least 95 weight % of the 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate is in the crystalline polymorphic form α.

17. A process for the preparation of crystalline polymorphic form αof 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yimethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H )-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate comprising crystallizing 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate from a solution thereof in an organic solvent or a mixture of an organic solvent with water.

18. A process for the preparation of crystalline polymorphic form α of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate, comprising recrystallizing crystalline polymorphic formγ or δ of 7-[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone monomethanesulfonate or a mixture of crystalline polymorphic forms γ and δ from a solution thereof in an organic solvent or a mixture of an organic solvent with water.

19. The process according to claim 17, wherein said organic solvent is chosen from 2-propanol and acetonitrile.

20. The process according to claim 18, wherein said organic solvent is chosen from 2-propanol and acetonitrile.