#### UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Richard Carl ROWE, III., Defendant-Appellant.

No. 06-15598

Non-Argument Calendar.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

Jan. 9, 2008.

Daniel Gary Hamm, Montgomery, AL, for Defendant-Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama. D.C. Docket No. 05-00138-CR-N.

Before EDMONDSON, Chief Judge, ANDERSON and BARKETT, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

Appellant Richard Carl Rowe III appeals the 60-months’ imprisonment imposed after his probation was revoked. No reversible error has been shown; we affirm.

Pursuant to a plea agreement, Appellant agreed to plead guilty to one count of a 24-count superseding indictment charging Appellant with aiding and abetting the transportation of counterfeited securities, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2314 and 2; the government agreed to dismiss the remaining counts. The offense earned a statutory maximum 10-year term of imprisonment. Appellant’s guidelines sentencing range—after the district court granted the government’s request for a substantial assistance downward departure—was 0 to 6 months’ imprisonment; a sentence of 36 months’ probation was imposed, and Appellant was ordered to pay restitution.

About three months into Appellant’s probation sentence, the United States Probation Office filed a petition for revocation of Appellant’s probation. Based on the probation violations charged—to which Appellant stipulated—the sentencing range recommended under Chapter 7 of the United States Sentencing Guidelines was 8 to 14 months’ imprisonment. The government requested—and the district court imposed^—a 60-month sentence. Appellant *118argues that the district court fashioned an excessive and unreasonable sentence in the light of the sentence recommended in the guidelines policy statement.

We review a district court’s decision to exceed the recommended sentencing range set out in the Chapter 7 guidelines for abuse of discretion.1*See United States v. Silva,*443 F.3d 795, 798 (11th Cir.2006). Under 18 U.S.C. § 3565, if a probationer violates a condition of probation, the district court may, after considering the factors set out in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), revoke the sentence of probation and resentence the defendant under subchapter A.

Chapter 7 of the guidelines contains policy statements—one of which provides recommended ranges of imprisonment upon revocation of probation, U.S.S.G. § 7B1.4—that the district court must consider in determining an appropriate sentence. These policy statements are advisory and not binding on the district court. *Silva,*443 F.3d at 799 (11th Cir.2006). And after probation revocation, the district court also is not restricted by the guidelines range that applied at the time of the initial sentencing hearing. *See United States v. Cook,*291 F.3d 1297, 1300 (11th Cir.2002). Any sentence may be imposed so long as it does not exceed the statutory maximum. *See United States v. Williams,*425 F.3d 987, 990 n. 2 (11th Cir.2005) (“These revocation guidelines [U.S.S.G. § 7B1.4] are advisory, and the court can use its discretion in sentencing as long as it does not exceed the statutory maximum .... ”).

That the district court considered the Chapter 7 policy statements and the section 3553(a) factors in imposing a sentence of 60 months’ imprisonment is clear from the probation revocation hearing. The district court explained that Appellant failed to realize the significance of his criminal conduct and would continue to work the system unless a serious term of imprisonment was imposed. The district court mentioned explicitly the advisory guideline range of 8 to 14 months and found that range to be insufficient and inappropriate under the circumstances of Appellant’s case and his probation violations. The sentence imposed fell within the statutory maximum. On this record, no abuse of discretion has been shown.2

AFFIRMED.

1

. The government argues that plain error review applies because Appellant made no objection to his sentence in the district court. We think Appellant’s arguments for an in-range sentence in the district court preserved this issue for appeal under the abuse of discretion standard.

2

. We are unpersuaded by Appellant's argument that the district court erred in failing to consider the lesser sentence that would apply had Appellant violated supervised release. Appellant predicates this argument on his observation that had the alternative sentence of imprisonment been imposed initially instead of probation, his most recent violations would be supervised-release violations which, in turn, would be subject to a maximum possible term of three years imprisonment under 18 U.S.C. § 3583. Appellant cites no case law— and we are aware of none—that requires the district court to consider violations of alternative sentences that were never imposed.