III 

114TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 180 

Urging additional sanctions against the Democratic People’s Republic of 

Korea, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MAY 19, 2015 

Mr. GARDNER submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the 

Committee on Foreign Relations 

RESOLUTION 

Urging additional sanctions against the Democratic People’s 

Republic of Korea, and for other purposes. 

Whereas the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) 

tested nuclear weapons on three separate occasions, in 

October 2006, in May 2009, and in February 2013; 

Whereas nuclear experts have reported that the DPRK may 

currently have as many as 20 nuclear warheads and has 

the potential to possess as many as 100 warheads within 

the next 5 years; 

Whereas, according to the 2014 Department of Defense 

(DoD) report, ‘‘Military and Security Developments Involving the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’’, the 

DPRK has proliferated nuclear technology to Libya via 

the proliferation network of Pakistani scientist A.Q. 

Khan; 


rfrederick on DSK6VPTVN1PROD with BILLS
2 

•SRES 180 IS 

Whereas, according to the 2014 DoD report, ‘‘North Korea 

also provided Syria with nuclear reactor technology until 

2007.’’; 

Whereas, on September 6, 2007, as part of ‘‘Operation Orchard’’, the Israeli Air Force destroyed the suspected nuclear facility in Syria; 

Whereas, according to the 2014 DoD report, ‘‘North Korea 

has exported conventional and ballistic missile-related 

equipment, components, materials, and technical assistance to countries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.’’; 

Whereas, on November 29, 1987, DPRK agents planted explosive devices onboard Korean Air flight 858, which 

killed all 115 passengers and crew on board; 

Whereas, on March 26, 2010, the DPRK fired upon and 

sank the South Korean warship Cheonan, killing 46 of 

her crew; 

Whereas, on November 23, 2010, the DPRK shelled South 

Korea’s Yeonpyeong Island, killing 4 South Korean citizens; 

Whereas, on February 7, 2014, the United Nations ‘‘Commission of Inquiry on human rights in DPRK (‘Commission of Inquiry’)’’ released a report detailing the atrocious human rights record of the DPRK; 

Whereas Dr. Michael Kirby, Chair of the Commission, stated 

on March 17, 2014, ‘‘The Commission of Inquiry has 

found systematic, widespread, and grave human rights 

violations occurring in the Democratic People’s Republic 

of Korea. It has also found a disturbing array of crimes 

against humanity. These crimes are committed against 

inmates of political and other prison camps; against 

starving populations; against religious believers; against 


rfrederick on DSK6VPTVN1PROD with BILLS
3 

•SRES 180 IS 

persons who try to flee the country—including those forcibly repatriated by China.’’; 

Whereas Dr. Michael Kirby also stated, ‘‘These crimes arise 

from policies established at the highest level of the State. 

They have been committed, and continue to take place in 

the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, because the 

policies, institutions, and patterns of impunity that lie at 

their heart remain in place. The gravity, scale, duration, 

and nature of the unspeakable atrocities committed in 

the country reveal a totalitarian State that does not have 

any parallel in the contemporary world.’’; 

Whereas the Commission of Inquiry also notes, ‘‘Since 1950, 

the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea has engaged 

in the systematic abduction, denial of repatriation, and 

subsequent enforced disappearance of persons from other 

countries on a large scale and as a matter of State policy. 

Well over 200,000 persons, including children, who were 

brought from other countries to the Democratic People’s 

Republic of Korea may have become victims of enforced 

disappearance,’’ and states that the DPRK has failed to 

account or address this injustice in any way; 

Whereas, according to reports and analysis from organizations such as the International Network for the Human 

Rights of North Korean Overseas Labor, the Korea Policy Research Center, NK Watch, the Asan Institute for 

Policy Studies, the Center for International and Strategic 

Studies (CSIS), and the George W. Bush Institute, there 

may currently be as many as 100,000 North Korean 

overseas laborers in various nations around the world; 

Whereas these forced North Korean laborers are often subjected to harsh working conditions under the direct supervision of DPRK officials, and their salaries contribute 


rfrederick on DSK6VPTVN1PROD with BILLS
4 

•SRES 180 IS 

to anywhere from $150,000,000 to $230,000,000 a year 

to the DPRK state coffers; 

Whereas, according to the Director of National Intelligence’s 

(DNI) 2015 Worldwide Threat Assessment, ‘‘North Korea’s nuclear weapons and missile programs pose a serious threat to the United States and to the security environment in East Asia.’’; 

Whereas the 2015 DNI report states, ‘‘North Korea has also 

expanded the size and sophistication of its ballistic missile forces, ranging from close-range ballistic missiles to 

ICBMs, while continuing to conduct test launches. In 

2014, North Korea launched an unprecedented number 

of ballistic missiles.’’; 

Whereas, on December 19, 2015, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) declared that the DPRK was responsible for a cyberattack on Sony Pictures conducted on 

November 24, 2014; 

Whereas, from 1998 to 2008, the DPRK was designated by 

the United States Government as a state sponsor of terrorism; 

Whereas the DPRK is currently in violation of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1695 (2006), 1718 

(2006), 1874 (2009), 2087 (2013), and 2094 (2013); 

Whereas the DPRK repeatedly violated agreements with the 

United States and the other so-called Six-Party Talks 

partners (the Republic of Korea, Japan, the Russian 

Federation, and the People’s Republic of China) designed 

to halt its nuclear weapons program, while receiving significant concessions, including fuel, oil, and food aid; 

Whereas the Six Party talks have not been held since December 2008; and 


rfrederick on DSK6VPTVN1PROD with BILLS
5 

•SRES 180 IS 

Whereas, on May 9, 2015, the DPRK claimed that it has 

test-fired a ballistic missile from a submarine: Now, 

therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) finds that the DPRK represents a serious 

3 threat to the national security of the United States 

4 and United States allies in East Asia and to inter5 national peace and stability, and grossly violates the 

6 human rights of its own people; 

7 (2) urges the Secretary of State and the Sec8 retary of the Treasury to impose additional sanc9 tions against the DPRK, including targeting its fi10 nancial assets around the world, specific designa11 tions relating to human rights abuses, and a redesig12 nation of the DPRK as a state sponsor of terror; 

13 and 

14 (3) warns the President against resuming the 

15 negotiations with the DPRK, either bilaterally or as 

16 part of the Six Party talks, without strict pre-condi17 tions, including that the DPRK— 

18 (A) adhere to its denuclearization commit19 ments outlined in the 2005 Joint Statement of 

20 the Six-Party talks; 

21 (B) commit to halting its ballistic missile 

22 programs and its proliferation activities; 

23 (C) cease military provocations; and 


rfrederick on DSK6VPTVN1PROD with BILLS
6 

•SRES 180 IS 

1 (D) measurably and significantly improve 

2 its human rights record. 

Æ 


rfrederick on DSK6VPTVN1PROD with BILLS