# Patent

## Title
Subscriber terminal for providing speech-text encoding and telephony service

## Abstract

A subscriber terminal is provided for speech-to-text translation. Speech packets are received at a broadband telephony interface and stored in a buffer. The speech packets are processed and textual representations thereof are displayed as words on a display device. Speech processing is activated and deactivated in response to a command from a subscriber.

## Background
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/053,777, filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Jan. 22, 2002 and herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.


BACKGROUND
The present invention relates to telephony services for hearing-impaired individuals, but more specifically to an automated speech-to-text encoding/decoding method and apparatus for use in a data communication network.
Hearing impaired inconveniences individuals encounter when using a telephone or other voice communication device. These individuals require special equipment, such as an electronic Teletype device, so that they may read whatever is being “said” by a party at the other end of a call. Alternatively, hearing-impaired individuals may use a third-party telecommunication relay service (TRS) offered by the service provider which, under the American Disabilities Act, must provide this service if requested by the hearing-impaired individual. TRS services require a live operator who uses a Teletype machine to transcribe speech into text, and perhaps also to transcribe text into speech. To access a TRS service, the hearing-impaired individual dials a special TRS telephone number to establish a connection with the TRS operator. When initially contacted to place a call, the operator will complete the second leg of the call to the called party. An impaired or non-impaired person may initiate the call to an impaired or non-impaired individual by calling a TRS operator.
In addition to being cumbersome, the aforementioned procedures require that the calling party know in advance whether the called party is impaired. Moreover, these types of services do not provide the hearing-impaired individual with transparent, unimpaired telephone service. In addition, the service provider must bear the cost of providing TRS services.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention addresses the aforementioned problems by assisting the communication needs of hearing-impaired subscribers and is particularly suited for use in almost any type of network, such as a packet data network (Internet Protocol (IP), circuit-switched, or asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)) that offers VoIP (Voice over IP) services. Such networks and/or associated terminal devices possess specific hardware and software elements that may be configured to implement features of the present invention without substantial additional costs. The invention may also be implemented in an end-to-end public-switched telephone network (PSTN), digital subscriber line (DSL), or other routing or circuit-switched network.
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, there is provided an automated speech-to-text encoding and decoding method and device for use by hearing-impaired subscribers. In an illustrative embodiment, a broadband telephony interface (BTI) also known as a multimedia terminal adapter (MTA), which may include cable modem functionality, serves as an interface between a communication network and a subscriber. The BTI includes a display interface that drives a conventional display device, such as a TV monitor, to display textual information and a telephone interface that connects with an audible device, such as a telephone, to convey voice information. In a preferred embodiment, the BTI includes a speech buffer to receive and store speech packets and a digital signal processor that processes speech data in the buffer to convert speech information to text.
In another embodiment of the invention, the BTI includes a database that stores voice and/or speech patterns of frequent callers so that a speech analyzer “recognizes” incoming voice patterns of such callers based on a comparison of real time, incoming speech data with database information. This enables the BTI to annotate the text with specific names or identities of the callers as text is displayed on the monitor.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, the BTI's internal processor analyzes tonal and inflection patterns of certain segments of speech in order to modify textual representations of decoded speech displayed on the monitor, such as by adding punctuation or emphasis. The BTI may also include a voice and/or speech pattern database that stores speech segments identified with certain types of users (e.g., male or female) so that the processor may access the database to identify and/or display a characteristic or attribute of the caller (e.g., male, female, anger, or happiness) according to an analysis of the speech. The BTI may further include a detector, e.g., a dual-tone multiple frequency (DTMF) detector, that responds to subscriber inputs to activate and deactivate speech pattern or type recognition.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method of providing automated speech-to-text translation for a hearing-impaired individual includes interfacing with a network to obtain transmitted speech information, receiving real time speech information, converting the speech information to text, and displaying the converted information on a monitor. Optionally, the method additionally includes analyzing speech information to determine the identity of a caller based on previously stored speech segments and displaying a visual representation of the speech, punctuation, and/or the result of the analysis.
Other aspects of the method include recognizing speech patterns of prior callers based on previously-stored speech patterns, prompting a subscriber to obtain and store speech patterns of callers, recognizing a characteristic or attribute of a caller, and prompting a subscriber to turn-on (e.g., activate) or turn-off (e.g., deactivate, pause, clear, or temporarily suspend) a certain functionality of the broadband interface.
Other features, aspects and advantages will become apparent upon review of the following drawings taken in connection with the accompanying description. The invention, though, is pointed out with particularity by the appended claims.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a telecommunication relay service system in accordance with prior art.
FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of an exemplary system in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 3 depicts a system diagram in accordance with a more detailed aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 4 illustrates one manner of speaker identification according to an aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates another manner of speaker identification according to an aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows textual feedback on a monitor resulting from action taken by a subscriber according to a feature of the present invention.
FIG. 7 illustrates display of status information on a monitor according to another feature of the present invention.



DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
In an illustrative embodiment, the invention extends existing VoIP (Voice over IP) services to hearing-impaired individuals. Speech-to-text translation methods and apparatuses described herein may be performed by or provided in the network itself, or in terminal-based customer premises equipment (CPE) of a hearing-impaired individual.
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional telecommunications relay service (TRS) used in a public switched network (PSN) 42 in which a hearing-impaired individual, i.e., a calling party, uses a text telephone (TT) 40 to establish a connection 41 over PSN 42 with a non-impaired individual in a communication relay session via a live communications assistant (CA) or TRS operator 43 located at a service center 44. Operator 43 provides a “relay” service and employs a compatible text telephone 45. The text telephones may comprise a personal computer, a data terminal, an ASCII-based Teletype device, a telecommunication device for the deaf (TDD), a TTY, and/or other means for generating and receiving text communications. Operator 43 ascertains with whom the hearing-impaired person desires to communicate, i.e., the called party, and thereafter establishes a voice connection 46 to establish a link between the operator's voice telephone 47 and the voice telephone 48 of the desired party. Communication proceeds by alternating between text communication and voice communication, as explained below.
In text communication, the hearing-impaired individual supplies text message segments to text telephone 40. The hearing-impaired individual completes each message segment by supplying an end-of-message code word, such as “GA,” which means “go ahead,” indicating that he or she has completed their message. The text message segments appear at text telephone 45 of the operator 43 who reads and then speaks messages into the operator's voice telephone 47, thereby relaying the messages so that the text messages supplied by the hearing-impaired individual are heard on the desired party's voice telephone 48.
When the non-impaired individual receiving the call hears the end of the message code word, he or she begins to speak into his or her voice telephone 48. Operator 43 hears, via the operator's voice telephone 47, that which is spoken by the non-impaired individual, and then transcribes and supplies the message to the operator's text telephone 45 for transmission to the first text telephone 40 of the hearing-impaired individual. When the non-impaired person finishes speaking, he or she says an end-of-message code word, e.g., “go ahead.” When the hearing-impaired person reads the message at his or her text telephone 40, as transcribed by operator 43, he or she may enter a new message, or send an appropriate message such as “SK” to indicate the end of the relay session.
FIG. 2 illustrates an environment in which an embodiment of the present invention may be used to eliminate the cumbersome “relay” service described above. Other environments or architectures may be provided according to the methods and/or apparatuses described herein. The illustrated environment includes an IP network 51 that carries Internet traffic and a PSTN network 53 which carries telephone circuits. Cable modem 57 (or similar data terminal device) located at a first terminal end 58 of the network conveys data packets to and from IP network 51. Cable modem 57 (or similar data terminal device) located at a second terminal end 60 of the network similarly conveys data packets to and from the IP network 51. A third terminal end 59 of the network terminates at a conventional telephone 62, which is connected with PSTN 53 and which transfers information to and from the telephone. PSTN 53 and IP network 51 intercommunicate via conventional gateways and interfaces as known in the art. Either impaired or non-impaired individuals, as subsequently explained, may use the first and second terminal ends 58 and 60 of the network while the third terminal end 59 is suited for a non-impaired individual.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, terminal end 58 located at the premises of a hearing-impaired subscriber includes a broadband terminal characterized by a multimedia terminal adapter (MTA) 50 that is also known as a broadband telephony interface (BTI). MTA 50 communicates with IP network 51 via cable modem 57. MTA 50 also has a display interface to enable visual display of text information on monitor 61 using conventional device drivers, as well as a telephone interface to link with a conventional telephone 62. By way of link 54, MTA 50 connects with a hybrid fiber coax (HFC) converter box 57 which, in turn, communicates with IP network 51 via an HFC network under established protocols, e.g., MCNS DOSCIS standards. Network interfacing of MTA 50 may also occur directly with network 51 when cable modem functionality is integrated with MTA 50. An HFC network is mentioned here only for illustrative purposes, and is not meant to limit the invention to such network.
A similar arrangement is provided at terminal end 60 of the network that may be located at the premises of a hearing-impaired or non-impaired individual. In the case where two hearing-impaired subscribers desire to talk to each other, a communication link is established between respective MTAs 50 at terminal ends 58 and 60. A non-impaired subscriber using a conventional telephone 62 located at terminal ends 59 or 60 may also communicate with a hearing impaired subscriber located at terminal end 58.
FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary MTA 50 in greater detail. MTA 50 includes functional components of a personal computer (PC), namely a processor 70 with buffers, registers, and random access memory, as well as a mass storage or memory device 90, such as a flash RAM, magnetic storage drive, or CDROM. Processor 70 preferably includes executable code that enables conversion of speech to text, and vice-versa, as well as encoding and decoding of IP packets conveyed over the IP network. The processor also utilizes speech data buffers typically implemented by RAM and performs the function of a tonal and inflection analyzer. Software executed by processor 70 may be downloaded from the network to which MTA 50 is connected, stored in a memory, and then executed from memory. Alternatively, certain processor functions may be implemented in hardware or firmware. Speech buffers within the processor 70, typically implemented by RAM, temporarily store speech data packets during speech processing. Processor 70 may perform the operations of a digital speech processor, or such a device (i.e., a commercially available CODEC (coder-decoder)) may be separately provided and interfaced with the processor 70 to encode/decode speech data packets.
MTA 50 also includes an analog (or digital) telephone interface 63 that interfaces with a conventional analog (or digital) telephone 62 and a television (or other conventional monitor) interface 57 employing, for example, NTSC, HDTV or other standards. The interface 57 conveys textual information to a monitor 61 using a standard format, i.e., it may perform or assist in performing the function of converting a television to a display device at the direction of a processor that controls MTA 50. Like many processing devices, a central bus 71 provides an information transfer path among various units within MTA 50.
As speech data is received from the network via cable modem interface 94, it is placed in a buffer of processor 70 on a first-in-first-out (FIFO) basis. When receiving speech data from the network, speech data in the buffer is automatically decoded by processor 70 to display textual information of spoken words, and optionally to add punctuation, exclamation, emphasis, highlighting, or other attributes of the speech. The size of the buffer in processor 70 may be fixed or variable according to needs of the system, e.g., processor speed, or the needs of hearing-impaired individuals, e.g., voice pattern identification, punctuation, text display rate, etc. Buffer size may be increased or decreased dynamically in accordance with encoding/decoding loading of the processor, or the subscriber may manually set or adjust the size of the buffer.
Thus, when used by a hearing-impaired subscriber located at terminal end 58 (FIG. 2), for example, and after a telephone link is established with another party, each word spoken by that other party is conveniently displayed on monitor 61 located in the subscriber's premises. Speech-to-text translation may be performed between two hearing-impaired subscribers located, for example, at terminal stations 58 and 60 (FIG. 2), or between a hearing-impaired subscriber and a non-impaired subscriber respectively located at terminal stations 58 and 59 (FIG. 2).
Processor 70, which performs speech/text CODEC functions, converts representations of voice signals received from user telephone 62 to a digital format and then transmits the resulting digital data to cable modem interface 94 and ultimately to cable modem 57 (FIG. 2) for conveyance over IP network 51. To convert spoken words sent from a remote station, e.g., terminal end 59, for display on a local monitor 61, processor 70 captures digital voice data packets on the data bus 71 (which were sent from a remote subscriber terminal), converts the digital voice signals to analog, and then encodes the analog voice to text for display on TV monitor 61. A hearing-impaired subscriber may then read the displayed message.
In one implementation, processor 70 receives packets that contain about ten to twenty milliseconds of speech data. As speech packets are received, they are routed to the processor's buffer and stored in a first-in-first-out (FIFO) order. By increasing the buffer size, speech-to-text processor 70 may “look-ahead” for various speech inflections or patterns. This enables the addition of punctuation, corrections or modifications to be made to the speech before being displayed on monitor 61 (FIG. 2). By way of an example, a brief but sustained period of silence allows processor 70 to infer the proper position of a period. A longer period of silence allows the processor to identify the beginning of a new paragraph. “Looking ahead,” however, need not be the normal operating mode because the additional buffering and processing load may induce delay in the textual display function. This may depend on the speed and power of processor 70. More importantly, any delay may impact non-impaired subscribers because they must wait longer for a reply.
MTA 50 may also be programmed by the subscriber to respond to indications of a user, such as dual-tone multiple-frequency (DTMF) digits, via a controller (shown as DTMF decoder 80 for illustrative purposes only) to activate or deactivate the functionality desired by the subscriber. A keypad or keyboard for entering DTMF tones may be incorporated in MTA 50, or the keypad of an existing telephone may be detected in order to implement operating mode changes of MTA 50. Non-impaired persons may, for example, disable these functions when they use telephone 62. In effect, controller 80 (which, by the way, may also be implemented by processor 70) effects turn-on and turn-off of certain functionality in response to DTMF tones input by a subscriber so that, for example, telephone 62 (FIG. 2) may be used normally, e.g., without speech-to-text encoding, or to place the MTA apparatus in a “hearing-impaired” mode of operation where speech-to-text encoding takes place. Processor 70 may also be programmed to respond to respective unique DTMF tones to enable, disable, or adjust the period of a “look ahead” speech analysis feature provided by an internal speech buffer; to activate/deactivate an internal tonal and inflection analyzer; to increase or decrease the size of the speech buffer; to enable/disable speaker recognition capabilities; or to make other mode changes in MTA 50. The buffer may comprise internal memory and the inflection and tonal analyzer may comprise a software module, as known in the art.
With reference to FIG. 4, processor 70 provides the ability to determine, using speaker or voice pattern recognition, the actual identification (i.e., the name) of a particular speaker. This generally requires that the speaker had previously provided the MTA of the hearing-impaired subscriber with a speech sample, i.e., a prior call, whose characteristics were stored as a reference. The identification, once made, is stored in a voice and speech pattern database of storage device 90 (FIG. 3). Storage of speech samples for later recall is typically accomplished by a series of prompts generated by processor 70. For example, processor 70 may generate prompts on the monitor 61 (FIG. 2) requesting the hearing-impaired subscriber to respond through keypad or keyboard inputs in order to store a speech sample (e.g., voice pattern) in a database of storage device 90 for later recall, and to associate the stored sample with a name or other identification by inputting other information. When the same party later engages in a telephone conversation with the hearing-impaired individual, processor 70 effects visual presentation of the caller's identity on monitor 61 (FIG. 2), as shown in FIG. 4, based upon the previously provided speech sample which, in the illustrated example, is identified as “Mom” and/or “Dad.” Processor 70 may also distinguish separate callers on a conference or “extension phone.”
With reference to FIG. 5, processor 70 may separate and identify different speakers' voices based on sex, gender, or other characteristics. For example, text can be labeled as Voice 1: <spoken text>[female] and Voice 2: <spoken text>[male] [Laughing], as depicted in FIG. 5. In addition, processor 70 may, without limitation, annotate textual presentations, such as providing an annotation whether the speaker is a male or female voice, child or adult, hard or soft-spoken, or whether the speaker is laughing, shouting, or other attributes of voice based on known characteristics of speech. To provide feedback of action ordered by the subscriber or action taken by the system, monitor 61 may display certain commands or prompts, as illustrated in FIG. 6, e.g., “DTMF 3 Pressed.” In addition, textual presentations associated with commonly used audible signals of the network such as ringing, busy, all circuits busy, misdial warnings, etc., are displayed as exemplified in FIG. 7.
As previously indicated, the functionality provided by MTA 50 of FIG. 2 may reside at various elements of network 51 or 53, of FIG. 2 as opposed to being resident in MTA 50 located at a subscriber's premises. Having some of the functionality reside in the network of an existing network may benefit deployment of the inventive methods and apparatuses, and also may enable providing a service offering to hearing-impaired individuals not having ready access to an MTA 50.
When implemented in a network, aspects of the present invention may additionally support language translation at each end of a call when there is interaction with network elements performing such functions through, for example, common gate interchange (CGI) protocols. Furthermore, tonal inflections are easier for a mechanical translator to add, symbolically, in text form than in a direct verbal translation using synthetic voice. A conventional language database can be available as a download from the network and stored on the voice and speech pattern database 90.
The invention advantageously allows a subscriber to remotely “bridge” to a home unit (e.g., via wireless phone) and obtain transcription capability for a call. The transcription capability may be used for other business services (e.g., e-commerce). If combined with a PC, the present invention allows a subscriber to create his or her own voice-to-email application.
If two or more speakers simultaneously confer, the speech-to-text processor 70 (indicated in FIG. 3 as a digital signal processor) indicates in real time on monitor 61 which speaker is speaking using voice recognition data from the voice and speech pattern database 90 (indicated in FIG. 3 as “mass storage”). Whenever the database 90 has identified a speaker, based on speech samples previously analyzed by MTA 50, it displays the name of the speaker along with their associated text on monitor 61.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of methods and apparatuses of the invention. Based on the teachings herein, various modifications and changes may be made thereto by those skilled in the art and therefore fall within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A subscriber terminal comprising:
a network interface that enables communication via a network;
a display interface configured to communicate with a visual display device to display textual information;
a telephone interface configured to communicate with a telephone to convey voice information of a user;
at least one processor configured to utilize a speech buffer to receive at least one of streamed and real-time speech information and to decode and display the speech information as text on the visual display device during receipt of the speech information from the network; and
a detector configured to respond to subscriber inputs in the form of at least one DTMF tone to activate and deactivate speech recognition.

2. The subscriber terminal of claim 1, wherein the detector includes a dual-tone multiple frequency detector.

3. The subscriber terminal of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to identify a caller based on speech segments stored in a database.

4. The subscriber terminal of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to identify at least one of a gender of a caller, soft-spoken words, hard-spoken words, shouting, laughter, or human expression.

5. A subscriber terminal comprising:
means for receiving, at a broadband telephony interface, speech packets;
means for storing the speech packets in a buffer;
means for processing the speech packets to display textual representations thereof as words on a display device; and
means for responding to a command in the form of at least one DTMF tone from a subscriber to activate and deactivate speech processing.

6. The subscriber terminal of claim 5, further comprising:
means for storing speech patterns in a database, and
means for analyzing and comparing incoming speech obtained by processing the speech packets with speech patterns stored in the database in order to provide speaker identification capability.

7. The subscriber terminal of claim 6, further comprising:
means for displaying an indication of a speaker identity of a speaker associated with ones of the displayed textual representations.

8. The subscriber terminal of claim 5, further comprising:
means for analyzing characteristics of incoming speech obtained by processing the speech packets and inserting punctuation in the displayed textual representations thereof in response to the analysis.

9. The subscriber terminal of claim 8, wherein the characteristics include at least one of changes in tone, volume, or inflection.