# Patent

## Title
Ski binding

## Abstract

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 272,361 filed June 10, 1981, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,417,742.

## Background
This invention relates to an improvement in bicycles, and refers particularly to the driving mechanism thereof.

It is an object to provide for a bicycle with improved means for the utilization of power of the arms to assist in the propulsion of it while simultaneously steering the bicycle in the desired direction.

Many attempts have been made to utilize simultaneously the allied foot and arm powers while the arms also steer the bicycle. In the prior art the steering mechanisms pivot with the front wheel fork while at the same time imparting power to assist turning the wheels. Because of this dual function, inefficiencies result. For a person to crank efficiently the hand crank rotational axis should be more or less to the person's shoulder line, while the imaginary longitudinal cener plane of his body lies in coincidence to the hand cranks center vertical plane. In past devices the structure is such that, when their bars or handles are turned to the right or left, two planes will automatically produce an obtuse included angle. It is at these instances when the person cannot transmit an effective manual crank power because the anatomy of the human arms simply has no function to take care of this position.

The manupedal bicycle departs from all the previous improvement made by using an indirect steering system. The system is provided with a steering arm assembly having a crank with its rotational axis perpendicular to the longitudinal plane of the steering arm assembly. The lagging portion of the steering assembly is a pivotal axis perpendicular to the crank rotational axis. This pivotal axis is intentionally located more or less in coincidence to the longitudinal axis of the persons body operating the bicycle. Since the body of the person pivots with reference to its own longitudinal axis, it is therefore apparent that in any direction the hand cranks while simultaneously steering the bicycle, the rotational axis of the hand crank is always parallel to the person's shoulder line thus transmitting effective torque while at the same time steering the bicycle through an intermediate linking means connecting the steering arm assembly and the front fork.

The facts, proofs of this concept, its objects and applications will be better understood on reference to the following description of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

The manupedal bicycle combines the arms and legs power in such a way that at all times while simultaneously steering the bicycle, the person's relative position to the manual cranking means is always such that he or she is in the best position to deliver the optimum torque from the arms with great and intentional consideration to the person's anatomy, its functions and limits. It utilizes an indirect steering system of a steering arm assembly provided with a hand cranking means at the leading portion of the assembly pivoting about an axis opposite and perpendicular to assembly's pivot axis at the lagging portion. This pivot axis is intentionally made to pivot at a strategic location more or less in coincidence or near to the longitudinal axis of the operator. In this application, it is located below the seat with the pivotal axis coaxial with the axis of the vertical member of the frame where the seat post is inserted. It will now be apparent therefore that in any direction, whether to the right or left the bicycle is steered while simultaneously manually cranking, the cranking axis is always paralle to the person's shoulder line and perpendicular to the imaginary plane bisecting the center axis to the manual crank and the steering arm assembly's pivotal axis. This invention also employs the use of a flexible shaft means in order to transmit the manual torque to the foot pedal sprocket or directly to the wheel so that it will aid the propulsion of the machine.

This indirect steering system can also now be used to make manually propelled machine for the use of people who are partial or total amputees in the lower extremities but still have normal arm functions. Similarly, while the invention has been described in terms of its utilization as an auxiliary drive on a bicycle the unit may be also adopted to other types of occupant propelled vehicles. For example, tandem or multi-person bicycle, tricycles and vehicles for children. These and various objects and advantages of the invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description and claims and for referring to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side elevation view embodying this invention;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary side elevation view showing the improvement to the usual bicycle;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side elevation view showing how the indirect steering system are interconnected and how the manual power is integrated to the foot pedal sprocket by means of a flexible shaft;

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side elevation view showing exclusively the indirect steering arrangement;

FIG. 5 is a front elevation view of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a view in cross section taken along the plane indicated by line 6--6 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a side sectional view showing the transmission of power from the manual crank to the foot pedal sprocket by means of a flexible shaft;

FIG. 8 is a top elevation view of the manual crank portion, the leading end of the steering arm assembly;

FIG. 9 is a view in cross section taken along the plane indicated by the line 9--9 of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a view in cross section taken along the plane indicated by the line 10--10 of FIG. 8;

FIG. 11 is a fragmentary front elevation view of the foot pedal crank assembly showing how the flexible shaft is connected to the sprocket; and

FIG. 12 is a variation in the application of the invention to a tandem or multi-person bicycle as shown in side elevation view embodying this invention.

Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 discloses a bicycle 10 having apparatus associated therewith made in accordance with the present invention. The bicycle includes a rear wheel assembly 16 and a main frame 14. In the usual manner the rear assembly is rotated by a foot pedal actuated drive sprocket 18. Numeral 20 shown in various figures of the drawings broadly indicates apparatus made in accordance with the present invention for imparting a driving torque or force into the rear wheel 16 of the illustrated bicycle. It should be noted that the aforementioned apparatus can readily be made to impart driving force or torque to the front wheel 50 as well without separating from the main spirit of the invention. As seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the front wheel 50 is adapted to be steered by a steering arm assembly comprising a pivot column 21 substantially standing with the vertical, welded to it and more or less perpendicular to its pivotal steering arm 21 with a manual gear housing 23 on its leading end. Journaled to the gear housing 23 and perpendicular to the imaginary common vertical plane bisecting the pivotal axis and the longitudinal axis of the items 21 and 23, a manual crank assembly comprising the crank right member 45 with its right handle 44 and the crank left member 42 with its left handle 43. Fastened at the lower end portion of the pivot column 21 on near and far side and running along the near and far side of the frame member 14 is a linking means 48 interconnected with a steering chain 46 that is engaged to the fork sprocket 47 fastened at the upper portion of the front fork. As further illustrated by FIG. 4 through FIG. 6, when the steering arm assembly is turned either to the right or left it pivots. Through the linking means 48, 46 and 47, the steering fork assembly with its front wheel 50 reacts instantaneously with the movement of the steering arm assembly. The angular steering displacement from these two points can either be reduced or amplified; in this case we are amplifying the movement of the steering arm assembly and the final steering fork reaction of angular movement by the ratio of the driving radius which is the distance from the center axis of 21 to the point where the link 48 is fastened to the drive sprocket radius 47. This intermediate linking means is not limited to this illustration, different ways like hydraulic controls or by shaft and gear methods are readily available. It should also be noted the usual rear drive sprocket selector lever 49 is attached on the steering arm 21 as shown by FIG. 1 through FIG. 2.

As seen further in the fragmented sectional view of FIG. 7, inside the gear housing 23, coaxial and pivoting with the manual crank assembly, the ring gear 38 drives the pinion 37 connected to the flexible shaft 12 inside the housing 11 with the lower end portion of the said flexible shaft connected to another pinion 15 driving the ring gear 17 coaxial and turning with the foot pedal crank sprocket 19. As in FIG. 9, the manual crank assembly is provided with spring acted directional pawl mechanisms 39 so that the operator can stop at will or commence his manual cranking without being influenced by the foot pedal cranking process. Also seen in FIG. 9 a flexible shaft anchor 35 fastened to the housing by the screws 36, likewise in FIG. 11 the lower end of the flexible shaft is anchored to the frame 14 by the anchor 13. FIG. 10 shows a follower mechanism coaxial with the manual crank shaft so that should the operator stop his manual forward drive and crank the manual crank in the reverse direction. Limited angular displacement is translated to a linear motion by a flexible means 27 provided with a trust bracket 26 whose front brake cable 25 and rear brake cable 24 are commonly connected. This linear motion by the flexible means 27 will therefore operate simultaneously the front and rear brake. Such functions are made possible by the pawl means 29 of similar construction to the other pawl mechanism 39 only in the counter opposite position. These pawl mechanisms carried by identical carriers 32 and 41 are locked to the manual crank shaft by key 40. Their counter opposite position allows a forward manual cranking rotation to help in the propulsion of the vehicle through the flexible shaft means and likewise also allow a limited manual counter action to operate a dual brake system. As seen in FIG. 12 discloses another application of this invention as applied in the tandem a multi-person bicycle.

While in the foregoing I have disclosed an embodiment of the invention in considerable detail for purposes of illustration, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that many of these details may be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

## Claims

1. An occupant propelled vehicle having an indirect steering system comprising: rotatably mounted on said main frame in supporting relation thereto; assembly comprising a steering column movably mounted on said main frame in co-axial relation to the seat for the operator of said vehicle; means; column and movable therewith; arm and movable therewith, (ii) positioned for operational rotation by the hands of the operator and comprising a central crank axis of rotation disposed and maintained at substantial perpendicular relation to a plane defined by the central axis of said steering column and steering arm, and (iii) interconnected in driving relation to at least one of said front and rear wheel assemblies and activating relation to breaking means of said vehicle whereby propulsion and breaking of said vehicle may be selectively accomplished through the operation of said manual crank assembly; and pivotal relative to a remaining portion of said main frame coincident to said central axis of the operator's seat.

2. An occupant propelled vehicle having an indirect steering system comprising: said main frame in supporting relation thereto; comprising a steering column movably mounted on said main frame in co-axial relation to the operator's seat of said vehicle; wheel assembly or said rear wheel assembly; column and movable therewith; arm and movable therewith, said steering column, (ii) positioned for operational rotation by the hands of the operator and comprising a central crank axis of rotation disposed and maintained at substantial perpendicular relation to a plane defined by the central axis of said steering column and steering arm, and (iii) interconnected in driving relation to at least one of said front and rear wheel assemblies and activating relation to breaking means of said vehicle whereby propulsion and breaking of said vehicle may be selectively accomplished through the operation of said manual crank assembly; and remaining portion of said main frame coincident to said central axis of the operator's seat.