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Highlights of women's earnings in 2019

In 2019, women who were full-time wage and salary workers had median 

usual weekly earnings that were 82 percent of those of male full-time wage 

and salary workers. In 1979, the first year for which comparable earnings 

data are available, women’s earnings were 62 percent of men’s. Most of 

the growth in women’s earnings relative to men’s occurred in the 1980s 

(when the women’s to men’s ratio went from 64 percent to 70 percent) and 

in the 1990s (when the ratio went from 72 percent to 77 percent). Since 

2004, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio has remained in the 80 to 83 

percent range. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.)

This report presents earnings data from the Current Population Survey 

(CPS), a national monthly sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The weekly and hourly earnings estimates in this report reflect information 

collected from one-fourth of the households in the monthly survey and averaged for the calendar year. The data in this 

report are distinct from the annual earnings estimates for full-time, year-round workers collected separately in the Annual 

Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS and published by the U.S. Census Bureau. (See the BLS website

for an explanation of the differences between these datasets.)

The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be important in 

explaining earnings differences, such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization. The 

earnings estimates referenced throughout this report are medians. The median is the mid-point in the earnings 

distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median level and half having earnings below.

See the accompanying technical notes section for more information, including a description of the of the data source and 

an explanation of the concepts and definitions used in this report.

December 2020 | Report 1089
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Earnings of full-time workers

Below are data highlights for women and men who usually work full time (35 hours or more per week) in wage and 

salary jobs, with sections focusing on characteristics, such as age, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, education, 

occupation, and more.

Earnings by age group

In 2019, median weekly earnings were $821 for all women age 16 and older. For men age 16 and older, median weekly 

earnings were $1,007. Women’s median weekly earnings were highest for those between the ages of 35 to 44, with 

earnings of $920, and those ages 45 to 54, with earnings of $904. Women ages 55 to 64 and age 65 and older had 

slightly lower earnings—$880 and $815, respectively. For men, earnings were highest for 35- to 64-year-olds, with little 

difference in the earnings of 45- to 54-year-olds and 55- to 64-year-olds ($1,169 and $1,166, respectively). Men between 

the ages of 35 to 44 had median weekly earnings of $1,149. Young women and men ages 16 to 24 had the lowest 

earnings ($540 and $607, respectively). (See chart 2 and table 1.)
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In 2019, women’s earnings ranged from 76 percent to 80 percent of men’s among workers age 35 and older. For those 

under age 35, the earnings differences between women and men were smaller, with women earning 84 percent to 90 

percent of what men did. The earnings difference between men and women has historically been smaller for those under 

age 35 than for those in older age groups. (See table 1 and table 12.)

Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios have grown substantially for most age groups since 1979. For young workers ages 

16 to 24, the gains occurred primarily in the 1980s. For workers ages 25 to 64, the gains continued into the 2000s, but 

have tapered off in recent years. (See table 12.)

Earnings by race and ethnicity

Asian women and men earned more than their White, Black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2019. Among women, Whites 

($840) earned 82 percent as much as Asians ($1,025); Blacks ($704) earned 69 percent; and Hispanics ($642) earned 

63 percent. Among men, these earnings differences were even larger: White men ($1,036) earned 78 percent as much 

as Asian men ($1,336); Black men ($769) earned 58 percent as much; and Hispanic men ($747) earned 56 percent 

(See chart 3 and table 1.)
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Earnings differences between women and men were largest among Asians and among Whites. Asian women earned 77 

percent as much as Asian men in 2019, and White women earned 81 percent as much as White men. In comparison, 

Black women had median earnings that were 92 percent of Black men’s, and Hispanic women’s earnings were 86 

percent of Hispanic men’s. (See table 1.)

Women’s earnings have increased considerably since 1979 (the first year for which comparable data for Whites, Blacks, 

and Hispanics are available), with White women experiencing the greatest earnings growth. From 1979 to 2019, 

inflation-adjusted median weekly earnings (also called constant-dollar earnings) increased by 39 percent for White 

women, by 27 percent for Black women, and by 24 percent for Hispanic women. For White and Black women, gains 

tapered off around 2004. Since that time, White and Black women have seen little net growth in earnings. From 2004 to 

2019, White women experienced an earnings growth of 6 percent, and Black women experienced an earnings increase 

of 3 percent. On the other hand, Hispanic women’s earnings have remained on an upward trend, although substantial 

earnings growth for them did not begin until the late 1990s. (See table 18.)

The long-term trend in men’s earnings has been quite different than that for women. Inflation-adjusted earnings for White 

and Black men trended down from 1979 through the first part of the 1990s, followed by a period of growth that stalled in 

the early 2000s. For Hispanic men, earnings also declined from 1979 through the mid-1990s, then began to trend up. 

Over the full period, 1979 through 2019, inflation-adjusted earnings have shown little change on net for White (6 

percent), Black (3 percent), and Hispanic (4 percent) men. (See table 18.)
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Between 2000 and 2019, inflation-adjusted earnings for Asian women and men remained on an upward trend. (Data for 

Asians are not available prior to 2000.) Asian women’s earnings grew by 26 percent, and Asian men’s earnings grew by 

31 percent over that period. (See table 18.)

Earnings by educational attainment

Median weekly earnings vary significantly by educational attainment. Among all workers age 25 and older, the weekly 

earnings of those without a high school diploma ($592) were 43 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree and higher 

($1,367) in 2019. For workers with a high school diploma who had not attended college, median earnings ($746) were 

55 percent of those for workers with a bachelor’s degree and higher. Those with some college or an associate’s degree 

(median weekly earnings of $856) made 63 percent of what workers with a bachelor’s degree and higher made. (See 

table 1.)

In each educational attainment category, the long-term trend in inflation-adjusted earnings has been more favorable for 

women than for men. The inflation-adjusted earnings of women without a high school diploma changed little between 

1979 and 2019 (a 1-percent decrease). By contrast, inflation-adjusted earnings for men declined by 22 percent. For 

those with a bachelor’s degree or higher, inflation-adjusted earnings for women have increased by 38 percent since 

1979, while earnings for men have risen by 21 percent. (Data refer to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 4 and table 

19.)
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Earnings by occupation

Women and men working full time in management, business, and financial operations occupations had higher median 

weekly earnings than workers in any other major occupational category in 2019 ($1,221 for women and $1,598 for men). 

Within this category, the highest earning women and men were chief executives ($2,019 and $2,509, respectively) and 

computer and information systems managers ($1,892 and $2,019, respectively). (See table 2.)

The second-highest paying occupational category for women and men was professional and related occupations 

($1,085 for women and $1,493 for men). This is a broad occupational category made up of several distinct job groupings 

for specialized fields such as computer science and math, architecture and engineering, law, education, and healthcare. 

Within this diverse category, women who were veterinarians ($1,985), lawyers ($1,878), and physicians and surgeons 

($1,878) had the highest median weekly earnings in 2019. For men, those who were physicians and surgeons ($2,500), 

pharmacists ($2,245), and lawyers ($2,202) earned the most. (See table 2.)

Women and men employed in service occupations earned the least in 2019 ($537 for women and $659 for men). Within 

this category, women who were employed as hostesses at restaurants, lounges, and coffee shops ($441) and food 

preparation workers ($463) had the lowest median weekly earnings. For men, those who were employed as combined 

food preparation and serving workers, including fast food ($457) and dishwashers ($464) earned the least. 

Occupational distributions of women and men

The occupational distributions of female and male full-time workers differ considerably. Compared with men, relatively 

few women work in construction, production, or transportation occupations, and women are far more concentrated in 

office and administrative support jobs. (See chart 5 and table 2.)
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Women also are more likely than men to work in professional and related occupations. In 2019, 31 percent of women 

worked in professional and related occupations, compared with 20 percent of men. Within the professional category, 

though, the proportion of women employed in the higher paying jobs is much smaller than the proportion of men 

employed in them. In 2019, 11 percent of women in professional and related occupations were employed in the relatively 

high-paying computer (median weekly earnings of $1,353 for women and $1,658 for men) and engineering ($1,339 for 

women and $1,589 for men) occupations, compared with 47 percent of men. Women were over twice as likely to work in 

education ($987 for women and $1,265 for men) and healthcare ($1,130 for women and $1,422 for men) jobs, which 

generally pay less than computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-seven percent of women in professional occupations 

worked in education and healthcare jobs in 2019, compared with 29 percent of men. (See table 2.)

Across all occupational categories, the three most common jobs for women were registered nurse ($1,217), elementary 

and middle school teacher ($1,042), and secretary or administrative assistant ($763). Collectively, these occupations 

employed 6.8 million women in 2019, representing 13 percent of women in full-time wage and salary jobs.

Among men, the most common job by far was truck driver (driver/sales workers and truck drivers, $861). In 2019, 2.6 

million, or 4 percent, of all male full-wage and salary workers were truck drivers. Although engineering jobs are shown 

separately by specialty (civil, mechanical, etc.) in this report, if combined, engineer would be the second most common 

job for men. In 2019, a total of 1.9 million men were employed full time in the 16 designated engineering specialties 

(median weekly earnings ranging from $1,616 to $2,018). (See table 2.)
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Earnings for workers with and without children under 18

In 2019, about one-third of full-time wage and salary workers were parents of children under age 18. (As defined here, 

“children” include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the household.) Median 

weekly earnings for mothers of children under age 18 ($842) were higher than the earnings for women without children 

under 18 ($812). Earnings for fathers of children under 18, at $1,140, were higher than the earnings of $951 for men 

without children under 18. (See table 7.)

Earnings by state of residence

Median weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios vary by state of residence. (In this report, “state” refers 

to the 50 states and the District of Columbia.) The differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in the 

occupations and industries found in each state and differences in the demographic composition of each state’s labor 

force. Readers should note that sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national 

estimates. (See the technical notes section for an explanation of sampling error.) Consequently, earnings comparisons 

between states should be made with caution. Readers also should note that the state estimates are based on workers’ 

state of residence; their reported earnings are not necessarily from a job located in the same state. (See table 3.)

Weekly work hours of full-time workers

As mentioned earlier, among full-time workers, those usually working at a job 35 hours or more per week, men are more 

likely than women to work more than 40 hours per week. In 2019, 25 percent of men who usually work full time worked 

41 or more hours per week, compared with 14 percent of women. Women were more likely than men to work 35 to 39 

hours per week: 10 percent of women worked such hours in 2019, while 4 percent of men did. A majority of both male 

(71 percent) and female (75 percent) full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek. Among these workers, women earned 

87 percent as much as men. (This analysis excludes people who usually work 35 or more hours per week but whose 

hours vary.) (See table 5.)

Earnings of part-time workers

Women are more likely than men to work part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole or main job. Women 

who worked part time made up 23 percent of all female wage and salary workers in 2019. In comparison, 11 percent of 

men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables 4 and 5.)

Median weekly earnings for female part-timers were $284 in 2019, slightly higher than the $269 median for men. (See 

table 4.)

Part-time workers are more likely to be under age 25 than full-time workers. Among part-timers, 29 percent of women 

and 43 percent of men were under age 25 in 2019. Among full-time workers, 9 percent of women and 9 percent of men 

were under age 25 (See tables 1 and 4.)

Earnings of workers paid by the hour

In 2019, 61 percent of women and 56 percent of men in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour. Women who were 

paid hourly rates had median hourly earnings of $14.85 in 2019, which were 89 percent of the $16.76 median for men. 

(See tables 8 and 11.)
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Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2019, 3 percent of women and 1 percent of men had hourly earnings at or 

below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25. (See tables 10 and 11.) See the technical notes section for 

information about BLS estimates of the number of minimum wage workers.
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Statistical Tables

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older 117,584 $917 $2 52,577 $821 $3 65,007 $1,007 $3 81.5

16 to 24 years 10,766 581 3 4,830 540 5 5,936 607 3 89.0

16 to 19 years 1,439 481 5 601 427 10 838 506 7 84.4

20 to 24 years 9,327 598 3 4,229 563 5 5,098 623 5 90.4

25 years and older 106,818 969 2 47,747 865 3 59,070 1,070 4 80.8

25 to 34 years 29,576 846 4 13,094 788 5 16,482 897 5 87.8

35 to 44 years 26,783 1,035 6 11,677 920 6 15,105 1,149 7 80.1

45 to 54 years 25,390 1,033 6 11,630 904 6 13,760 1,169 8 77.3

55 to 64 years 20,065 1,017 6 9,188 880 7 10,878 1,166 9 75.5

65 years and older 5,004 936 11 2,158 815 16 2,846 1,066 28 76.5

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 90,194 945 3 39,084 840 3 51,110 1,036 4 81.1

Black or African American 15,460 735 4 8,081 704 5 7,378 769 6 91.5

Asian 7,898 1,174 14 3,563 1,025 24 4,334 1,336 20 76.7

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 21,227 706 3 8,616 642 5 12,611 747 5 85.9

Marital Status

Never married 36,480 740 3 16,179 702 4 20,301 774 4 90.7

Married, spouse present(1) 62,704 1,056 4 25,942 917 4 36,762 1,170 5 78.4

Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 18,400 879 6 10,456 803 6 7,944 985 8 81.5

Widowed 1,943 824 17 1,427 785 16 516 985 36 79.7

Divorced 12,125 929 7 6,815 846 9 5,310 1,033 12 81.9

Separated(2) 4,332 767 10 2,214 696 10 2,118 848 15 82.1

Union Affiliation(3)

Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2019 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
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Footnotes

(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.

(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.

(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, 

industry, and geographic region.

(4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

(5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Members of unions(4) 13,224 1,095 7 5,711 1,018 9 7,513 1,147 8 88.8

Represented by unions(5) 14,822 1,082 7 6,495 1,004 8 8,326 1,139 8 88.1

Not represented by a union 102,762 892 2 46,082 792 3 56,680 986 4 80.3

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and older 106,818 969 2 47,747 865 3 59,070 1,070 4 80.8

Less than a high school diploma 7,011 592 3 2,262 494 3 4,749 644 5 76.7

High school graduates, no college 26,756 746 3 10,328 633 4 16,428 844 6 75.0

Some college or associate degree 27,279 856 4 12,631 737 4 14,648 991 5 74.4

Bachelor's degree and higher 45,772 1,367 5 22,526 1,195 7 23,246 1,573 8 76.0

Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2019 annual averages

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Total, full-time wage and salary workers 117,584 $917 $2 52,577 $821 $3 65,007 $1,007 $3 81.5

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Management, professional, and related 

occupations 50,119 1,309 7 25,859 1,135 4 24,260 1,539 7 73.7

Management, business, and financial 

operations occupations 20,696 1,415 8 9,585 1,221 10 11,111 1,598 16 76.4

Management occupations 13,948 1,478 11 5,946 1,266 14 8,002 1,659 17 76.3

Chief executives 1,113 2,380 71 302 2,019 113 812 2,509 53 80.5

General and operations managers 990 1,384 43 312 1,153 25 678 1,476 30 78.1

Legislators 14 - - 5 - - 9 - - -

Advertising and promotions managers 45 - - 27 - - 19 - - -

Marketing and sales managers 1,109 1,600 57 518 1,393 67 591 1,895 21 73.5

Public relations and fundraising managers 72 1,416 407 50 1,399 96 22 - - -

Administrative services managers 154 1,235 35 61 1,084 190 93 1,277 66 84.9

Computer and information systems 

managers

629 1,984 57 190 1,892 47 439 2,019 89 93.7

Financial managers 1,142 1,447 37 619 1,207 49 523 1,897 17 63.6

Compensation and benefits managers 23 - - 15 - - 7 - - -

Human resources managers 299 1,592 68 230 1,538 83 69 1,829 250 84.1

Training and development managers 44 - - 25 - - 19 - - -

Industrial production managers 270 1,472 44 62 1,497 216 208 1,469 44 101.9

Purchasing managers 214 1,539 120 84 1,390 77 129 1,657 47 83.9

Transportation, storage, and distribution 

managers

261 1,160 31 49 - - 213 1,238 44 -

Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural 

managers

114 987 114 20 - - 94 1,162 126 -

Construction managers 610 1,468 43 71 1,210 106 539 1,511 39 80.1

Education administrators 811 1,371 34 536 1,335 42 276 1,467 65 91.0

Architectural and engineering managers 148 2,471 94 20 - - 128 2,457 107 -

Food service managers 785 863 29 365 719 29 420 964 25 74.6

Funeral service managers 3 - - 1 - - 2 - - -

Gaming managers 18 - - 9 - - 10 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Lodging managers 116 975 44 55 894 37 61 1,096 47 81.6

Medical and health services managers 578 1,478 51 409 1,362 66 169 1,828 174 74.5

Natural sciences managers 12 - - 3 - - 9 - - -

Postmasters and mail superintendents 28 - - 14 - - 13 - - -

Property, real estate, and community 

association managers 438 954 29 224 849 22 214 1,168 92 72.7

Social and community service managers 403 1,243 34 260 1,156 29 143 1,452 73 79.6

Emergency management directors 9 - - 3 - - 6 - - -

Managers, all other 3,497 1,533 18 1,409 1,317 44 2,088 1,725 37 76.3

Business and financial operations 

occupations 6,748 1,285 16 3,639 1,148 10 3,109 1,468 16 78.2

Agents and business managers of artists, 

performers, and athletes 28 - - 15 - - 13 - - -

Buyers and purchasing agents, farm 

products 7 - - 1 - - 6 - - -

Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm 

products 162 979 34 76 977 43 87 982 55 99.5

Purchasing agents, except wholesale, 

retail, and farm products 248 1,170 34 113 1,081 73 134 1,202 34 89.9

Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, 

and investigators 299 1,103 43 195 972 46 104 1,277 63 76.1

Compliance officers 271 1,346 58 165 1,264 87 105 1,561 130 81.0

Cost estimators 113 1,254 33 13 - - 100 1,264 39 -

Human resources workers 680 1,203 34 494 1,149 42 186 1,325 63 86.7

Compensation, benefits, and job analysis 

specialists 46 - - 32 - - 14 - - -

Training and development specialists 120 1,127 95 68 968 194 51 1,249 71 77.5

Logisticians 152 1,093 48 45 - - 107 1,149 30 -

Management analysts 692 1,622 49 303 1,517 44 389 1,870 141 81.1

Meeting, convention, and event planners 116 1,023 41 89 1,018 53 28 - - -

Fundraisers 85 1,330 118 52 1,229 75 33 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Page 14

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Market research analysts and marketing 

specialists 281 1,363 37 152 1,228 143 130 1,688 168 72.7

Business operations specialists, all other 248 1,283 65 148 1,193 49 100 1,540 131 77.5

Accountants and auditors 1,683 1,221 25 1,013 1,141 18 670 1,419 44 80.4

Appraisers and assessors of real estate 46 - - 23 - - 24 - - -

Budget analysts 40 - - 21 - - 19 - - -

Credit analysts 26 - - 18 - - 9 - - -

Financial analysts 307 1,613 76 104 1,386 152 203 1,763 102 78.6

Personal financial advisors 448 1,618 110 152 1,232 110 296 1,905 21 64.7

Insurance underwriters 116 1,169 93 59 1,142 72 57 1,338 45 85.4

Financial examiners 20 - - 10 - - 10 - - -

Credit counselors and loan officers 366 1,235 67 193 1,020 44 173 1,542 50 66.1

Tax examiners and collectors, and 

revenue agents 49 - - 31 - - 18 - - -

Tax preparers 46 - - 26 - - 20 - - -

Financial specialists, all other 50 1,209 42 26 - - 24 - - -

Professional and related occupations 29,423 1,237 5 16,274 1,085 7 13,149 1,493 11 72.7

Computer and mathematical occupations 4,947 1,579 14 1,279 1,353 33 3,668 1,658 22 81.6

Computer and information research 

scientists 20 - - 6 - - 13 - - -

Computer systems analysts 623 1,461 45 255 1,289 117 368 1,580 51 81.6

Information security analysts 128 1,758 52 25 - - 103 1,875 299 -

Computer programmers 425 1,586 36 82 1,463 95 343 1,613 38 90.7

Software developers, applications and 

systems software 1,714 1,894 10 335 1,718 70 1,379 1,920 47 89.5

Web developers 144 1,470 103 56 1,150 66 88 1,633 220 70.4

Computer support specialists 486 1,192 32 121 1,103 52 365 1,223 42 90.2

Database administrators 96 1,642 280 29 - - 67 1,752 83 -

Network and computer systems 

administrators 194 1,447 73 50 1,233 44 144 1,541 56 80.0

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Page 15

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Computer network architects 104 1,883 186 10 - - 95 1,901 60 -

Computer occupations, all other 721 1,277 64 179 1,148 38 542 1,365 32 84.1

Actuaries 28 - - 7 - - 21 - - -

Mathematicians 2 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Operations research analysts 153 1,512 36 67 1,188 100 86 1,753 102 67.8

Statisticians 90 1,456 58 46 - - 44 - - -

Miscellaneous mathematical science 

occupations 18 - - 8 - - 10 - - -

Architecture and engineering occupations 3,011 1,550 16 452 1,339 27 2,559 1,589 17 84.3

Architects, except naval 152 1,572 135 38 - - 114 1,706 81 -

Surveyors, cartographers, and 

photogrammetrists 42 - - 8 - - 34 - - -

Aerospace engineers 138 1,917 157 17 - - 121 2,018 126 -

Agricultural engineers 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Biomedical engineers 17 - - 3 - - 14 - - -

Chemical engineers 86 1,863 107 12 - - 74 1,878 54 -

Civil engineers 421 1,616 44 61 1,353 82 360 1,657 57 81.7

Computer hardware engineers 71 1,882 37 15 - - 57 1,919 275 -

Electrical and electronics engineers 266 1,781 119 25 - - 241 1,830 84 -

Environmental engineers 25 - - 5 - - 20 - - -

Industrial engineers, including health and 

safety 227 1,589 76 58 1,487 74 169 1,616 88 92.0

Marine engineers and naval architects 13 - - 0 - - 13 - - -

Materials engineers 44 - - 5 - - 39 - - -

Mechanical engineers 322 1,625 46 19 - - 303 1,635 51 -

Mining and geological engineers, including 

mining safety engineers 8 - - 4 - - 4 - - -

Nuclear engineers 8 - - 2 - - 6 - - -

Petroleum engineers 24 - - 2 - - 22 - - -

Engineers, all other 529 1,636 37 74 1,446 51 455 1,663 39 87.0

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 16

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Drafters 104 1,045 35 22 - - 82 1,047 34 -

Engineering technicians, except drafters 462 1,161 22 79 915 35 382 1,200 24 76.2

Surveying and mapping technicians 50 1,060 49 4 - - 46 - - -

Life, physical, and social science 

occupations 1,233 1,334 27 556 1,237 28 676 1,447 42 85.5

Agricultural and food scientists 36 - - 13 - - 23 - - -

Biological scientists 101 1,250 49 44 - - 57 1,266 49 -

Conservation scientists and foresters 20 - - 8 - - 11 - - -

Medical scientists 146 1,188 60 70 1,175 71 77 1,214 605 96.8

Life scientists, all other 3 - - 1 - - 2 - - -

Astronomers and physicists 15 - - 4 - - 10 - - -

Atmospheric and space scientists 13 - - 5 - - 9 - - -

Chemists and materials scientists 85 1,582 151 36 - - 49 - - -

Environmental scientists and geoscientists 101 1,486 49 36 - - 65 1,519 77 -

Physical scientists, all other 278 1,669 135 120 1,385 76 158 1,901 23 72.9

Economists 35 - - 9 - - 26 - - -

Survey researchers 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Psychologists 114 1,468 182 93 1,441 62 22 - - -

Sociologists 2 - - 2 - - 0 - - -

Urban and regional planners 22 - - 8 - - 14 - - -

Miscellaneous social scientists and related 

workers 32 - - 12 - - 20 - - -

Agricultural and food science technicians 20 - - 4 - - 16 - - -

Biological technicians 20 - - 12 - - 8 - - -

Chemical technicians 61 893 33 20 - - 41 - - -

Geological and petroleum technicians 18 - - 6 - - 12 - - -

Nuclear technicians 3 - - 1 - - 2 - - -

Social science research assistants 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - -

Miscellaneous life, physical, and social 

science technicians 108 907 28 51 896 29 57 928 75 96.6

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 17

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Community and social service occupations 2,240 968 11 1,498 941 12 742 1,064 42 88.4

Counselors 720 987 22 541 1,003 24 179 944 37 106.2

Social workers 739 964 20 603 944 20 136 1,108 55 85.2

Probation officers and correctional 

treatment specialists 94 1,067 93 45 - - 50 1,050 72 -

Social and human service assistants 207 805 47 166 778 47 41 - - -

Miscellaneous community and social 

service specialists, including health 

educators and community health workers

66 920 21 46 - - 20 - - -

Clergy 332 1,066 77 57 862 62 275 1,155 38 74.6

Directors, religious activities and 

education 48 - - 19 - - 29 - - -

Religious workers, all other 34 - - 21 - - 13 - - -

Legal occupations 1,478 1,562 33 808 1,266 28 670 1,999 103 63.3

Lawyers 884 2,043 76 336 1,878 40 548 2,202 149 85.3

Judicial law clerks 12 - - 7 - - 5 - - -

Judges, magistrates, and other judicial 

workers 61 1,794 140 34 - - 27 - - -

Paralegals and legal assistants 364 963 32 323 970 37 41 - - -

Miscellaneous legal support workers 157 1,124 48 109 1,009 161 49 - - -

Education, training, and library occupations 7,238 1,057 8 5,247 987 9 1,991 1,265 21 78.0

Postsecondary teachers 986 1,512 40 442 1,358 34 544 1,670 60 81.3

Preschool and kindergarten teachers 496 701 35 489 705 33 7 - - -

Elementary and middle school teachers 3,162 1,067 11 2,522 1,042 12 640 1,161 21 89.8

Secondary school teachers 882 1,161 16 474 1,095 33 408 1,262 21 86.8

Special education teachers 295 1,108 61 253 1,104 85 42 - - -

Other teachers and instructors 455 1,054 29 263 942 37 192 1,190 61 79.2

Archivists, curators, and museum 

technicians 34 - - 19 - - 15 - - -

Librarians 138 1,095 133 111 1,093 135 27 - - -

Library technicians 9 - - 7 - - 2 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 18

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Teacher assistants 637 590 15 565 579 15 72 707 63 81.9

Other education, training, and library 

workers 143 1,143 40 102 1,058 31 41 - - -

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and 

media occupations 1,762 1,151 13 806 1,077 29 956 1,231 31 87.5

Artists and related workers 83 1,155 32 35 - - 48 - - -

Designers 661 1,126 28 324 1,052 31 337 1,214 79 86.7

Actors 13 - - 6 - - 7 - - -

Producers and directors 109 1,483 107 50 1,156 69 59 1,652 64 70.0

Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related 

workers 157 1,051 26 35 - - 122 1,134 168 -

Dancers and choreographers 13 - - 10 - - 3 - - -

Musicians, singers, and related workers 36 - - 10 - - 26 - - -

Entertainers and performers, sports and 

related workers, all other 15 - - 4 - - 12 - - -

Announcers 20 - - 9 - - 12 - - -

News analysts, reporters and 

correspondents 77 1,301 165 37 - - 40 - - -

Public relations specialists 119 1,410 118 78 1,255 39 41 - - -

Editors 98 1,163 35 66 1,135 41 32 - - -

Technical writers 54 1,434 33 28 - - 26 - - -

Writers and authors 88 1,159 35 48 - - 41 - - -

Miscellaneous media and communication 

workers 56 794 34 34 - - 22 - - -

Broadcast and sound engineering 

technicians and radio operators 90 1,158 69 11 - - 79 1,189 63 -

Photographers 45 - - 16 - - 29 - - -

Television, video, and motion picture 

camera operators and editors 27 - - 7 - - 20 - - -

Media and communication equipment 

workers, all other 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 19

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Healthcare practitioners and technical 

occupations 7,514 1,180 9 5,627 1,130 9 1,887 1,422 30 79.5

Chiropractors 19 - - 6 - - 12 - - -

Dentists 71 2,302 70 28 - - 43 - - -

Dietitians and nutritionists 94 1,019 68 85 948 72 10 - - -

Optometrists 27 - - 15 - - 12 - - -

Pharmacists 255 2,013 109 155 1,877 132 100 2,245 165 83.6

Physicians and surgeons 857 2,292 47 349 1,878 79 507 2,500 206 75.1

Physician assistants 109 1,831 42 77 1,763 28 31 - - -

Podiatrists 4 - - 1 - - 3 - - -

Audiologists 11 - - 10 - - 2 - - -

Occupational therapists 92 1,447 32 79 1,441 47 13 - - -

Physical therapists 211 1,431 27 130 1,323 61 81 1,610 86 82.2

Radiation therapists 9 - - 5 - - 4 - - -

Recreational therapists 9 - - 8 - - 1 - - -

Respiratory therapists 93 1,213 49 59 1,073 88 34 - - -

Speech-language pathologists 131 1,193 40 124 1,171 42 7 - - -

Exercise physiologists 2 - - 2 - - 0 - - -

Therapists, all other 162 935 35 131 919 27 31 - - -

Veterinarians 72 1,773 290 55 1,985 326 17 - - -

Registered nurses 2,640 1,223 13 2,321 1,217 14 320 1,256 34 96.9

Nurse anesthetists 22 - - 12 - - 10 - - -

Nurse midwives 6 - - 6 - - 0 - - -

Nurse practitioners 187 1,760 33 163 1,753 33 23 - - -

Health diagnosing and treating 

practitioners, all other 12 - - 7 - - 5 - - -

Clinical laboratory technologists and 

technicians 281 979 32 215 952 28 66 1,117 130 85.2

Dental hygienists 104 1,094 69 99 1,066 44 5 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 20

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Diagnostic related technologists and 

technicians 320 1,126 35 213 1,076 71 107 1,166 35 92.3

Emergency medical technicians and 

paramedics 179 912 40 54 786 35 125 991 63 79.3

Health practitioner support technologists 

and technicians 570 735 16 444 712 16 126 843 62 84.5

Licensed practical and licensed vocational 

nurses

533 806 19 481 799 18 53 896 33 89.2

Medical records and health information 

technicians 152 829 68 138 799 41 15 - - -

Opticians, dispensing 34 - - 26 - - 9 - - -

Miscellaneous health technologists and 

technicians 130 880 26 84 799 67 46 - - -

Other healthcare practitioners and 

technical occupations 117 1,252 60 48 - - 69 1,261 80 -

Service occupations 16,558 592 2 8,660 537 4 7,898 659 5 81.5

Healthcare support occupations 2,700 591 4 2,337 585 4 363 639 23 91.5

Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides 1,471 562 7 1,287 556 7 184 588 14 94.6

Occupational therapy assistants and aides 23 - - 19 - - 4 - - -

Physical therapist assistants and aides 72 955 103 43 - - 29 - - -

Massage therapists 57 582 33 42 - - 15 - - -

Dental assistants 199 615 17 193 613 16 6 - - -

Medical assistants 521 635 12 481 635 12 40 - - -

Medical transcriptionists 28 - - 23 - - 5 - - -

Pharmacy aides 41 - - 27 - - 14 - - -

Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal 

caretakers 39 - - 31 - - 7 - - -

Phlebotomists 98 623 24 88 612 26 9 - - -

Miscellaneous healthcare support 

occupations, including medical equipment 

preparers

151 617 21 103 571 26 47 - - -

Protective service occupations 2,725 900 13 553 731 21 2,172 953 19 76.7

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 21

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

First-line supervisors of correctional officers 41 - - 12 - - 29 - - -

First-line supervisors of police and 

detectives 80 1,438 45 9 - - 71 1,449 42 -

First-line supervisors of fire fighting and 

prevention workers 40 - - 4 - - 36 - - -

First-line supervisors of protective service 

workers, all other 66 659 31 17 - - 50 698 182 -

Firefighters 292 1,207 91 6 - - 287 1,203 91 -

Fire inspectors 16 - - 2 - - 15 - - -

Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers 365 776 31 114 664 41 251 890 68 74.6

Detectives and criminal investigators 151 1,428 75 32 - - 119 1,472 63 -

Fish and game wardens 2 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Parking enforcement workers 2 - - 1 - - 2 - - -

Police and sheriff's patrol officers 686 1,111 39 127 922 88 559 1,143 36 80.7

Transit and railroad police 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - -

Animal control workers 7 - - 1 - - 6 - - -

Private detectives and investigators 78 973 100 41 - - 38 - - -

Security guards and gaming surveillance 

officers 790 650 13 159 589 17 631 671 15 87.8

Crossing guards 21 - - 6 - - 15 - - -

Transportation security screeners 41 - - 9 - - 32 - - -

Lifeguards and other recreational, and all 

other protective service workers 41 - - 13 - - 28 - - -

Food preparation and serving related 

occupations 4,689 522 3 2,337 492 4 2,352 576 6 85.4

Chefs and head cooks 406 698 21 72 553 38 334 727 29 76.1

First-line supervisors of food preparation and 

serving workers 426 584 16 242 545 16 184 657 27 83.0

Cooks 1,362 512 5 531 489 6 831 535 10 91.4

Food preparation workers 574 496 8 328 463 10 246 532 15 87.0

Bartenders 293 610 16 134 578 24 159 655 36 88.2

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 22

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Combined food preparation and serving 

workers, including fast food 191 462 18 126 467 26 65 457 23 102.2

Counter attendants, cafeteria, food 

concession, and coffee shop 48 - - 22 - - 26 - - -

Waiters and waitresses 973 511 7 681 491 8 292 594 21 82.7

Food servers, nonrestaurant 89 515 13 60 501 14 29 - - -

Dining room and cafeteria attendants and 

bartender helpers 116 554 27 50 513 48 66 605 32 84.8

Dishwashers 126 453 18 24 - - 102 464 19 -

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, 

and coffee shop 81 456 41 64 441 35 17 - - -

Food preparation and serving related 

workers, all other 4 - - 2 - - 2 - - -

Building and grounds cleaning and 

maintenance occupations 3,679 580 4 1,386 502 5 2,293 618 5 81.2

First-line supervisors of housekeeping and 

janitorial workers 215 710 27 80 639 26 134 758 28 84.3

First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn 

service, and groundskeeping workers 121 797 34 11 - - 110 800 32 -

Janitors and building cleaners 1,563 582 6 494 510 8 1,068 610 7 83.6

Maids and housekeeping cleaners 895 490 6 769 484 7 126 520 15 93.1

Pest control workers 73 731 38 2 - - 71 741 38 -

Grounds maintenance workers 813 606 7 29 - - 784 607 8 -

Personal care and service occupations 2,764 565 8 2,047 531 9 718 624 12 85.1

First-line supervisors of gaming workers 117 821 81 54 791 91 63 853 154 92.7

First-line supervisors of personal service 

workers 75 778 62 43 - - 32 - - -

Animal trainers 25 - - 9 - - 17 - - -

Nonfarm animal caretakers 105 515 19 79 489 21 25 - - -

Gaming services workers 60 635 51 28 - - 32 - - -

Motion picture projectionists 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 23

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 10 - - 6 - - 4 - - -

Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and 

related workers 77 583 16 24 - - 54 557 35 -

Embalmers and funeral attendants 6 - - 2 - - 4 - - -

Morticians, undertakers, and funeral 

directors 20 - - 8 - - 12 - - -

Barbers 62 662 258 12 - - 50 789 35 -

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and 

cosmetologists 310 570 17 286 569 18 24 - - -

Miscellaneous personal appearance workers 227 571 27 193 554 26 33 - - -

Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges 69 663 51 15 - - 54 672 55 -

Tour and travel guides 28 - - 11 - - 17 - - -

Childcare workers 473 495 9 433 491 9 40 - - -

Personal care aides 815 516 7 685 509 7 130 581 18 87.6

Recreation and fitness workers 191 607 16 102 580 20 88 656 50 88.4

Residential advisors 21 - - 13 - - 8 - - -

Personal care and service workers, all other 74 611 27 44 - - 30 - - -

Sales and office occupations 23,883 758 3 14,188 713 3 9,695 874 8 81.6

Sales and related occupations 9,929 830 8 4,404 677 9 5,525 982 13 68.9

First-line supervisors of retail sales workers 2,316 817 13 1,070 708 13 1,246 955 22 74.1

First-line supervisors of non-retail sales 

workers 857 1,162 16 261 1,173 100 596 1,157 21 101.4

Cashiers 1,398 503 6 959 499 6 438 510 10 97.8

Counter and rental clerks 67 686 30 23 - - 44 - - -

Parts salespersons 122 777 34 15 - - 107 768 37 -

Retail salespersons 1,856 692 17 762 578 12 1,094 806 23 71.7

Advertising sales agents 169 1,050 68 81 874 84 88 1,143 42 76.5

Insurance sales agents 461 927 34 247 806 43 214 1,034 78 77.9

Securities, commodities, and financial 

services sales agents 192 1,302 112 63 1,063 67 129 1,386 94 76.7

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 24

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Travel agents 52 745 68 44 - - 8 - - -

Sales representatives, services, all other 477 1,211 75 137 973 84 340 1,332 59 73.0

Sales representatives, wholesale and 

manufacturing 1,107 1,206 34 294 1,067 77 813 1,262 25 84.5

Models, demonstrators, and product 

promoters 15 - - 12 - - 3 - - -

Real estate brokers and sales agents 543 1,019 44 321 883 36 222 1,344 29 65.7

Sales engineers 32 - - 3 - - 29 - - -

Telemarketers 42 - - 24 - - 18 - - -

Door-to-door sales workers, news and street 

vendors, and related workers 31 - - 16 - - 14 - - -

Sales and related workers, all other 194 935 39 71 848 35 123 966 35 87.8

Office and administrative support occupations 13,954 732 3 9,784 721 3 4,170 771 8 93.5

First-line supervisors of office and 

administrative support workers 1,215 866 16 809 816 13 406 971 27 84.0

Switchboard operators, including answering 

service 20 - - 16 - - 5 - - -

Telephone operators 34 - - 28 - - 6 - - -

Communications equipment operators, all 

other 8 - - 4 - - 4 - - -

Bill and account collectors 113 701 37 91 672 23 22 - - -

Billing and posting clerks 389 742 18 344 736 16 45 - - -

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing 

clerks 657 764 12 573 764 11 84 784 170 97.4

Gaming cage workers 10 - - 8 - - 2 - - -

Payroll and timekeeping clerks 127 766 24 110 756 22 17 - - -

Procurement clerks 29 - - 21 - - 9 - - -

Tellers 241 575 12 207 571 12 35 - - -

Financial clerks, all other 119 890 36 71 797 144 48 - - -

Brokerage clerks 3 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Correspondence clerks 6 - - 4 - - 2 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 25

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Court, municipal, and license clerks 83 748 37 66 759 46 17 - - -

Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 39 - - 30 - - 10 - - -

Customer service representatives 1,977 693 9 1,259 673 10 717 736 18 91.4

Eligibility interviewers, government programs 68 763 29 52 756 33 16 - - -

File clerks 137 672 28 110 667 24 27 - - -

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 90 519 18 65 490 17 24 - - -

Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 93 740 17 82 734 16 10 - - -

Library assistants, clerical 34 - - 29 - - 5 - - -

Loan interviewers and clerks 118 825 53 88 802 41 30 - - -

New accounts clerks 25 - - 17 - - 8 - - -

Order clerks 72 783 131 32 - - 40 - - -

Human resources assistants, except payroll 

and timekeeping 51 702 31 41 - - 10 - - -

Receptionists and information clerks 909 642 9 809 636 9 100 735 35 86.5

Reservation and transportation ticket agents 

and travel clerks 103 813 164 56 789 173 46 - - -

Information and record clerks, all other 88 735 36 64 691 23 24 - - -

Cargo and freight agents 19 - - 8 - - 11 - - -

Couriers and messengers 260 769 26 40 - - 221 789 34 -

Dispatchers 240 806 27 131 763 30 108 854 62 89.3

Meter readers, utilities 13 - - 1 - - 12 - - -

Postal service clerks 73 907 50 43 - - 30 - - -

Postal service mail carriers 296 951 31 111 893 25 185 994 45 89.8

Postal service mail sorters, processors, and 

processing machine operators 67 1,145 54 30 - - 37 - - -

Production, planning, and expediting clerks 268 939 31 154 872 33 114 1,039 40 83.9

Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 507 679 10 175 662 24 332 686 12 96.5

Stock clerks and order fillers 1,016 599 8 380 605 12 636 596 10 101.5

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and 

samplers, recordkeeping 53 716 41 27 - - 26 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 26

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Secretaries and administrative assistants 2,069 765 7 1,932 763 7 137 795 28 96.0

Computer operators 68 960 57 28 - - 41 - - -

Data entry keyers 203 675 22 153 656 18 50 738 157 88.9

Word processors and typists 36 - - 30 - - 6 - - -

Desktop publishers 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Insurance claims and policy processing 

clerks 251 746 19 204 739 19 47 - - -

Mail clerks and mail machine operators, 

except postal service 48 - - 22 - - 26 - - -

Office clerks, general 997 685 10 809 677 11 188 718 23 94.3

Office machine operators, except computer 30 - - 17 - - 13 - - -

Proofreaders and copy markers 5 - - 4 - - 1 - - -

Statistical assistants 58 1,480 265 25 - - 33 - - -

Office and administrative support workers, 

all other 522 866 24 375 820 19 147 950 23 86.3

Natural resources, construction, and 

maintenance occupations 11,671 869 7 537 614 13 11,134 881 5 69.7

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 900 574 7 210 513 8 690 593 7 86.5

First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and 

forestry workers 40 - - 3 - - 37 - - -

Agricultural inspectors 16 - - 8 - - 7 - - -

Animal breeders 2 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Graders and sorters, agricultural products 78 564 25 50 549 27 29 - - -

Miscellaneous agricultural workers 691 558 8 148 502 8 544 581 7 86.4

Fishers and related fishing workers 14 - - 0 - - 14 - - -

Hunters and trappers 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Forest and conservation workers 14 - - 1 - - 13 - - -

Logging workers 44 - - 0 - - 44 - - -

Construction and extraction occupations 6,467 866 10 187 711 24 6,280 873 9 81.4

First-line supervisors of construction trades 

and extraction workers 586 1,162 19 15 - - 571 1,167 20 -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 27

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Boilermakers 26 - - 0 - - 26 - - -

Brickmasons, blockmasons, and 

stonemasons 115 817 26 1 - - 114 819 26 -

Carpenters 873 820 14 18 - - 855 826 17 -

Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers 118 708 17 3 - - 115 709 16 -

Cement masons, concrete finishers, and 

terrazzo workers 60 975 68 0 - - 60 975 68 -

Construction laborers 1,434 723 11 41 - - 1,393 724 12 -

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment 

operators 20 - - 0 - - 20 - - -

Pile-driver operators 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Operating engineers and other construction 

equipment operators 354 930 25 5 - - 350 927 25 -

Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and 

tapers 131 790 23 0 - - 131 790 23 -

Electricians 814 1,012 17 15 - - 799 1,015 18 -

Glaziers 35 - - 3 - - 32 - - -

Insulation workers 56 877 218 2 - - 54 885 58 -

Painters, construction and maintenance 395 732 23 31 - - 364 744 24 -

Paperhangers 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - -

Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and 

steamfitters 561 921 28 15 - - 546 918 27 -

Plasterers and stucco masons 15 - - 1 - - 15 - - -

Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Roofers 156 687 22 2 - - 154 690 22 -

Sheet metal workers 124 894 32 6 - - 117 900 31 -

Structural iron and steel workers 71 1,057 127 0 - - 71 1,057 127 -

Solar photovoltaic installers 16 - - 1 - - 15 - - -

Helpers, construction trades 51 612 33 2 - - 48 - - -

Construction and building inspectors 77 1,134 82 7 - - 70 1,134 78 -

Elevator installers and repairers 19 - - 1 - - 18 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 28

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Fence erectors 26 - - 0 - - 26 - - -

Hazardous materials removal workers 36 - - 6 - - 30 - - -

Highway maintenance workers 96 799 40 5 - - 91 806 39 -

Rail-track laying and maintenance 

equipment operators 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - -

Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe 

cleaners 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Miscellaneous construction and related 

workers 26 - - 0 - - 26 - - -

Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit 

operators, oil, gas, and mining 24 - - 0 - - 24 - - -

Earth drillers, except oil and gas 15 - - 2 - - 13 - - -

Explosives workers, ordnance handling 

experts, and blasters 8 - - 0 - - 8 - - -

Mining machine operators 51 1,094 98 1 - - 50 1,101 97 -

Roof bolters, mining 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Roustabouts, oil and gas 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - -

Helpers--extraction workers 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Other extraction workers 51 1,128 230 5 - - 45 - - -

Installation, maintenance, and repair 

occupations 4,304 939 10 140 850 26 4,164 943 10 90.1

First-line supervisors of mechanics, 

installers, and repairers 267 1,061 37 17 - - 250 1,082 54 -

Computer, automated teller, and office 

machine repairers 162 897 29 21 - - 141 899 27 -

Radio and telecommunications equipment 

installers and repairers 124 1,063 50 7 - - 117 1,058 49 -

Avionics technicians 16 - - 1 - - 15 - - -

Electric motor, power tool, and related 

repairers 12 - - 0 - - 12 - - -

Electrical and electronics installers and 

repairers, transportation equipment 8 - - 1 - - 7 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 29

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial 

and utility 22 - - 0 - - 22 - - -

Electronic equipment installers and 

repairers, motor vehicles 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - -

Electronic home entertainment equipment 

installers and repairers 25 - - 0 - - 25 - - -

Security and fire alarm systems installers 55 869 41 1 - - 54 875 68 -

Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 155 1,245 37 7 - - 148 1,265 40 -

Automotive body and related repairers 94 885 37 0 - - 94 885 37 -

Automotive glass installers and repairers 15 - - 0 - - 15 - - -

Automotive service technicians and 

mechanics 705 811 17 12 - - 693 811 17 -

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine 

specialists 315 984 23 3 - - 312 983 22 -

Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service 

technicians and mechanics 212 1,008 44 0 - - 212 1,008 44 -

Small engine mechanics 24 - - 0 - - 24 - - -

Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment 

mechanics, installers, and repairers 58 627 52 0 - - 58 628 54 -

Control and valve installers and repairers 22 - - 1 - - 21 - - -

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration 

mechanics and installers 416 944 30 6 - - 409 947 29 -

Home appliance repairers 32 - - 1 - - 31 - - -

Industrial and refractory machinery 

mechanics 392 1,018 28 10 - - 382 1,028 30 -

Maintenance and repair workers, general 534 882 18 20 - - 514 883 19 -

Maintenance workers, machinery 21 - - 0 - - 21 - - -

Millwrights 51 1,180 99 3 - - 48 - - -

Electrical power-line installers and repairers 123 1,460 140 0 - - 123 1,460 140 -

Telecommunications line installers and 

repairers 178 901 61 10 - - 168 884 61 -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 30

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Precision instrument and equipment 

repairers 48 - - 6 - - 42 - - -

Wind turbine service technicians 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - -

Coin, vending, and amusement machine 

servicers and repairers 20 - - 0 - - 19 - - -

Commercial divers 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Locksmiths and safe repairers 21 - - 1 - - 21 - - -

Manufactured building and mobile home 

installers 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - -

Riggers 13 - - 0 - - 13 - - -

Signal and track switch repairers 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Helpers--installation, maintenance, and 

repair workers 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - -

Other installation, maintenance, and repair 

workers 128 839 24 10 - - 118 850 26 -

Production, transportation, and material moving 

occupations 15,353 727 4 3,334 593 4 12,020 780 4 76.0

Production occupations 7,741 745 5 2,073 596 5 5,668 814 6 73.2

First-line supervisors of production and 

operating workers 806 949 23 173 721 25 633 1,031 33 69.9

Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and 

systems assemblers 9 - - 1 - - 7 - - -

Electrical, electronics, and 

electromechanical assemblers 103 644 25 51 594 22 52 712 50 83.4

Engine and other machine assemblers 8 - - 2 - - 6 - - -

Structural metal fabricators and fitters 24 - - 0 - - 24 - - -

Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators 900 684 8 326 597 14 574 724 13 82.5

Bakers 151 561 25 81 522 21 70 590 19 88.5

Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish 

processing workers 265 648 14 67 573 18 198 671 16 85.4

Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and 

drying machine operators and tenders 13 - - 7 - - 6 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 31

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Food batchmakers 68 615 26 42 - - 26 - - -

Food cooking machine operators and 

tenders 2 - - 2 - - 0 - - -

Food processing workers, all other 144 658 27 50 573 23 94 779 42 73.6

Computer control programmers and 

operators 103 849 29 3 - - 100 857 28 -

Extruding and drawing machine setters, 

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 16 - - 2 - - 15 - - -

Forging machine setters, operators, and 

tenders, metal and plastic 9 - - 1 - - 8 - - -

Rolling machine setters, operators, and 

tenders, metal and plastic 13 - - 3 - - 10 - - -

Cutting, punching, and press machine 

setters, operators, and tenders, metal and 

plastic

67 830 31 9 - - 58 816 77 -

Drilling and boring machine tool setters, 

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - -

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing 

machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, 

metal and plastic

40 - - 5 - - 35 - - -

Lathe and turning machine tool setters, 

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 5 - - 0 - - 5 - - -

Milling and planing machine setters, 

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 5 - - 1 - - 4 - - -

Machinists 357 888 22 22 - - 335 889 23 -

Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, 

and casters 26 - - 1 - - 25 - - -

Model makers and patternmakers, metal and 

plastic 4 - - 1 - - 3 - - -

Molders and molding machine setters, 

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 37 - - 4 - - 32 - - -

Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and 

tenders, metal and plastic 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 32

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Tool and die makers 53 952 87 2 - - 51 972 66 -

Welding, soldering, and brazing workers 549 801 19 31 - - 518 810 20 -

Heat treating equipment setters, operators, 

and tenders, metal and plastic 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - -

Layout workers, metal and plastic 8 - - 0 - - 8 - - -

Plating and coating machine setters, 

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 12 - - 1 - - 11 - - -

Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Metal workers and plastic workers, all other 385 736 38 74 592 13 312 795 17 74.5

Prepress technicians and workers 27 - - 10 - - 17 - - -

Printing press operators 109 814 39 22 - - 87 886 24 -

Print binding and finishing workers 15 - - 3 - - 12 - - -

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 112 490 17 74 482 16 37 - - -

Pressers, textile, garment, and related 

materials 19 - - 14 - - 6 - - -

Sewing machine operators 138 524 19 98 521 13 40 - - -

Shoe and leather workers and repairers 6 - - 1 - - 5 - - -

Shoe machine operators and tenders 4 - - 3 - - 1 - - -

Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers 55 576 32 36 - - 19 - - -

Textile bleaching and dyeing machine 

operators and tenders 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Textile cutting machine setters, operators, 

and tenders 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, 

operators, and tenders 6 - - 4 - - 1 - - -

Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out 

machine setters, operators, and tenders 12 - - 7 - - 4 - - -

Extruding and forming machine setters, 

operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass 

fibers

0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Fabric and apparel patternmakers 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 33

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Upholsterers 21 - - 3 - - 18 - - -

Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all 

other 10 - - 3 - - 7 - - -

Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 44 - - 3 - - 41 - - -

Furniture finishers 14 - - 7 - - 7 - - -

Model makers and patternmakers, wood 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Sawing machine setters, operators, and 

tenders, wood 28 - - 4 - - 24 - - -

Woodworking machine setters, operators, 

and tenders, except sawing 14 - - 3 - - 11 - - -

Woodworkers, all other 10 - - 0 - - 10 - - -

Power plant operators, distributors, and 

dispatchers 38 - - 2 - - 36 - - -

Stationary engineers and boiler operators 51 869 197 2 - - 50 862 65 -

Water and wastewater treatment plant and 

system operators 105 931 28 8 - - 97 930 32 -

Miscellaneous plant and system operators 46 - - 1 - - 44 - - -

Chemical processing machine setters, 

operators, and tenders 75 999 68 8 - - 67 1,017 253 -

Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and 

blending workers 79 764 34 5 - - 74 772 35 -

Cutting workers 50 762 34 8 - - 42 - - -

Extruding, forming, pressing, and 

compacting machine setters, operators, and 

tenders

29 - - 3 - - 26 - - -

Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle 

operators and tenders 17 - - 2 - - 16 - - -

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and 

weighers 722 835 18 259 693 21 463 939 25 73.8

Jewelers and precious stone and metal 

workers 24 - - 11 - - 14 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 34

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory 

technicians 79 779 28 44 - - 35 - - -

Packaging and filling machine operators and 

tenders 244 575 15 128 533 14 116 646 46 82.5

Painting workers 160 780 42 15 - - 144 804 53 -

Photographic process workers and 

processing machine operators 9 - - 7 - - 2 - - -

Semiconductor processors 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Adhesive bonding machine operators and 

tenders 12 - - 2 - - 10 - - -

Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling 

equipment operators and tenders 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - -

Cooling and freezing equipment operators 

and tenders 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Etchers and engravers 6 - - 2 - - 4 - - -

Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal 

and plastic 28 - - 6 - - 22 - - -

Paper goods machine setters, operators, 

and tenders 20 - - 2 - - 19 - - -

Tire builders 12 - - 0 - - 12 - - -

Helpers--production workers 29 - - 4 - - 25 - - -

Production workers, all other 1,056 704 13 293 566 16 763 767 14 73.8

Transportation and material moving 

occupations 7,612 711 5 1,260 586 8 6,352 747 7 78.4

Supervisors of transportation and material 

moving workers 184 923 35 28 - - 156 978 34 -

Aircraft pilots and flight engineers 118 1,857 521 9 - - 109 1,670 467 -

Air traffic controllers and airfield operations 

specialists 40 - - 6 - - 34 - - -

Flight attendants 70 823 72 57 835 125 13 - - -

Ambulance drivers and attendants, except 

emergency medical technicians 12 - - 6 - - 6 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 35

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Bus drivers 364 674 19 159 625 30 205 718 36 87.0

Driver/sales workers and truck drivers 2,723 843 15 159 660 31 2,564 861 14 76.7

Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 406 614 13 50 520 65 356 624 21 83.3

Motor vehicle operators, all other 34 - - 5 - - 29 - - -

Locomotive engineers and operators 39 - - 2 - - 37 - - -

Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators 3 - - 1 - - 2 - - -

Railroad conductors and yardmasters 59 1,160 39 2 - - 57 1,170 172 -

Subway, streetcar, and other rail 

transportation workers 10 - - 2 - - 8 - - -

Sailors and marine oilers 20 - - 1 - - 19 - - -

Ship and boat captains and operators 33 - - 3 - - 29 - - -

Ship engineers 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Bridge and lock tenders 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Parking lot attendants 58 561 38 8 - - 50 581 29 -

Automotive and watercraft service 

attendants 67 518 23 8 - - 59 520 25 -

Transportation inspectors 42 - - 5 - - 37 - - -

Transportation attendants, except flight 

attendants 22 - - 12 - - 10 - - -

Other transportation workers 31 - - 4 - - 27 - - -

Conveyor operators and tenders 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - -

Crane and tower operators 63 1,070 146 4 - - 59 1,104 165 -

Dredge, excavating, and loading machine 

operators 19 - - 0 - - 19 - - -

Hoist and winch operators 9 - - 0 - - 9 - - -

Industrial truck and tractor operators 541 677 13 52 625 23 489 686 13 91.1

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 254 587 20 29 - - 225 595 19 -

Laborers and freight, stock, and material 

movers, hand 1,764 634 9 362 567 20 1,402 657 11 86.3

Machine feeders and offbearers 21 - - 11 - - 10 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 36

Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data 

or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Packers and packagers, hand 467 530 13 265 515 9 202 576 20 89.4

Pumping station operators 11 - - 0 - - 11 - - -

Refuse and recyclable material collectors 78 686 74 5 - - 72 683 72 -

Mine shuttle car operators 2 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Tank car, truck, and ship loaders 5 - - 0 - - 5 - - -

Material moving workers, all other 39 - - 3 - - 35 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

State

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

United States 117,584 $917 $2 52,577 $821 $3 65,007 $1,007 $3 81.5

Alabama 1,773 832 18 801 726 18 972 950 25 76.4

Alaska 234 985 20 108 878 22 126 1,097 39 80.0

Arizona 2,458 890 12 1,070 781 19 1,388 996 21 78.4

Arkansas 1,017 786 18 465 714 18 552 874 22 81.7

California 13,648 971 8 5,818 911 10 7,830 1,024 13 89.0

Colorado 2,149 985 15 919 913 20 1,230 1,057 33 86.4

Connecticut 1,316 1,073 31 596 972 39 720 1,136 38 85.6

Delaware 367 868 24 172 790 16 195 954 29 82.8

District of Columbia 318 1,462 17 163 1,406 45 155 1,550 33 90.7

Florida 7,476 822 8 3,497 759 9 3,979 892 12 85.1

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2019 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 37

State

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Georgia 3,872 861 16 1,777 765 16 2,095 950 23 80.5

Hawaii 478 905 15 227 847 20 251 995 30 85.1

Idaho 613 805 14 246 682 14 367 919 20 74.2

Illinois 4,668 996 13 2,084 886 14 2,584 1,108 24 80.0

Indiana 2,482 863 14 1,084 726 18 1,397 986 20 73.6

Iowa 1,251 868 18 573 770 19 677 959 27 80.3

Kansas 1,061 839 17 482 733 17 579 945 21 77.6

Kentucky 1,486 815 18 654 724 17 831 914 22 79.2

Louisiana 1,524 828 20 710 720 19 814 978 29 73.6

Maine 462 865 12 210 772 17 252 980 33 78.8

Maryland 2,481 1,084 23 1,180 1,017 30 1,301 1,142 28 89.1

Massachusetts 2,732 1,117 20 1,256 1,012 18 1,476 1,170 20 86.5

Michigan 3,471 922 11 1,540 803 18 1,931 1,010 14 79.5

Minnesota 2,061 1,005 19 934 909 20 1,127 1,104 25 82.3

Mississippi 947 744 12 453 669 21 493 830 26 80.6

Missouri 2,206 891 19 1,028 786 18 1,178 1,008 24 78.0

Montana 339 844 17 148 739 14 191 952 21 77.6

Nebraska 724 879 16 332 786 22 391 940 23 83.6

Nevada 1,176 844 17 515 776 15 661 920 19 84.3

New Hampshire 544 999 21 238 893 19 306 1,136 31 78.6

New Jersey 3,421 1,046 19 1,553 932 18 1,868 1,176 23 79.3

New Mexico 664 799 20 293 717 13 371 891 21 80.5

New York 6,901 983 10 3,188 895 15 3,712 1,068 19 83.8

North Carolina 3,730 853 13 1,711 770 11 2,019 920 17 83.7

North Dakota 292 917 14 128 783 17 164 1,051 32 74.5

Ohio 4,121 925 11 1,842 825 16 2,278 1,014 17 81.4

Oklahoma 1,322 806 16 582 708 16 741 926 22 76.5

Oregon 1,409 930 19 591 836 27 818 1,024 40 81.6

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2019 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 38

Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Data shown are based on workers' state of 

residence; workers' reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

State

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Pennsylvania 4,561 946 13 2,062 828 12 2,499 1,069 18 77.5

Rhode Island 388 979 15 176 884 31 213 1,057 57 83.6

South Carolina 1,853 833 16 873 733 14 979 953 25 76.9

South Dakota 322 880 12 144 758 14 178 969 18 78.2

Tennessee 2,519 836 15 1,139 739 14 1,380 945 28 78.2

Texas 10,460 870 8 4,548 772 9 5,913 954 14 80.9

Utah 1,068 905 13 404 755 12 664 1,014 19 74.5

Vermont 235 940 16 111 879 18 125 1,016 34 86.5

Virginia 3,275 1,021 18 1,464 928 26 1,811 1,139 25 81.5

Washington 2,816 1,026 21 1,207 889 24 1,609 1,137 22 78.2

West Virginia 589 797 13 262 715 19 327 875 25 81.7

Wisconsin 2,107 928 18 934 832 22 1,173 1,010 24 82.4

Wyoming 197 915 13 84 762 19 113 1,051 31 72.5

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2019 annual averages

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older 23,946 $279 $2 15,710 $284 $2 8,235 $269 $2 105.6

16 to 24 years 8,080 213 2 4,576 211 2 3,504 215 2 98.1

Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic characteristics, 2019 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 39

Footnotes

(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.

(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

16 to 19 years 3,594 174 2 1,964 169 3 1,630 179 3 94.4

20 to 24 years 4,487 250 3 2,612 246 3 1,875 257 4 95.7

25 years and older 15,865 324 2 11,134 324 3 4,731 324 4 100.0

25 to 34 years 4,090 328 4 2,706 332 5 1,384 322 6 103.1

35 to 44 years 3,070 357 6 2,389 350 7 681 379 9 92.3

45 to 54 years 2,762 345 7 2,178 351 9 584 333 10 105.4

55 to 64 years 3,113 321 5 2,229 320 5 884 322 10 99.4

65 years and older 2,831 274 5 1,632 262 6 1,198 294 10 89.1

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 18,778 281 2 12,433 287 2 6,345 272 3 105.5

Black or African American 2,735 265 4 1,693 267 4 1,042 261 6 102.3

Asian 1,388 295 6 929 304 7 459 269 10 113.0

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 4,168 281 3 2,692 279 4 1,476 285 5 97.9

Marital Status

Never married 11,803 239 2 6,667 240 2 5,135 239 3 100.4

Married, spouse present(1) 8,970 343 4 6,650 339 5 2,319 354 8 95.8

Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 3,173 301 4 2,392 302 4 781 299 9 101.0

Widowed 671 274 9 566 274 10 106 272 37 100.7

Divorced 1,832 309 5 1,347 311 5 486 301 11 103.3

Separated(2) 669 303 9 480 302 10 190 306 20 98.7

Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic characteristics, 2019 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 40

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Hours of work

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Total, 16 years and older 141,737 $797 $2 68,388 $695 $2 73,349 $918 $3 75.7

0 to 34 hours 22,039 284 2 14,509 290 2 7,530 273 3 106.2

0 to 4 hours 530 64 3 346 60 3 185 72 5 83.3

5 to 9 hours 1,273 99 2 864 100 2 409 96 4 104.2

10 to 14 hours 2,081 137 2 1,355 139 3 725 135 4 103.0

15 to 19 hours 2,608 193 2 1,713 197 2 895 186 4 105.9

20 to 24 hours 6,482 266 2 4,214 275 3 2,268 249 3 110.4

25 to 29 hours 3,186 325 3 2,104 328 5 1,082 322 5 101.9

30 to 34 hours 5,880 421 3 3,913 429 4 1,967 410 4 104.6

35 hours and over 112,575 921 2 50,582 828 3 61,993 1,010 3 82.0

35 to 39 hours 7,826 581 5 5,181 591 7 2,645 566 6 104.4

40 hours 81,990 856 3 38,077 796 3 43,913 915 3 87.0

41 hours and over 22,759 1,361 6 7,325 1,235 9 15,435 1,421 9 86.9

41 to 44 hours 1,363 1,003 18 537 914 21 827 1,067 34 85.7

45 to 48 hours 6,430 1,203 13 2,358 1,145 12 4,072 1,244 14 92.0

49 to 59 hours 10,230 1,448 8 3,175 1,354 17 7,055 1,488 13 91.0

60 hours and over 4,736 1,523 18 1,256 1,352 31 3,480 1,597 28 84.7

Hours vary 7,123 583 9 3,297 416 7 3,826 767 15 54.2

Usually less than 35 hours 1,906 222 4 1,201 216 5 706 234 8 92.3

Usually 35 or more hours 5,008 799 13 1,995 596 14 3,014 940 17 63.4

Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked, 2019 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 41

Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time and part-time workers. Estimates for the "hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual 

number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by usual weekly earnings

Under

$350.00

$350.00

to

$499.99

$500.00

to

$599.99

$600.00

to

$749.99

$750.00

to

$999.99

$1,000.00

to

$1,199.99

$1,200.00

to

$1,999.99

$2,000.00

or

more

Age

Total, 16 years and older 117,584 4,039 11,927 10,262 16,699 20,813 12,834 25,589 15,420

16 to 24 years 10,766 1,040 2,788 1,710 2,109 1,635 685 654 144

16 to 19 years 1,439 279 525 246 207 112 34 31 5

20 to 24 years 9,327 760 2,263 1,464 1,903 1,523 651 623 139

25 years and older 106,818 2,999 9,140 8,552 14,590 19,178 12,149 24,935 15,276

25 to 34 years 29,576 938 2,997 2,952 5,055 5,865 3,570 5,777 2,421

35 to 44 years 26,783 653 2,011 1,948 3,226 4,648 3,079 6,873 4,345

45 to 54 years 25,390 623 2,066 1,778 3,110 4,327 2,789 6,307 4,389

55 to 64 years 20,065 515 1,529 1,478 2,541 3,526 2,238 4,923 3,315

65 years and older 5,004 271 536 396 657 813 473 1,054 805

Women, 16 years and older 52,577 2,383 6,637 5,415 8,059 9,786 5,554 10,058 4,685

16 to 24 years 4,830 597 1,396 796 894 624 277 185 61

16 to 19 years 601 159 240 95 64 22 13 4 2

20 to 24 years 4,229 438 1,156 701 830 602 263 181 58

25 years and older 47,747 1,785 5,241 4,618 7,165 9,162 5,277 9,873 4,624

25 to 34 years 13,094 505 1,580 1,463 2,328 2,670 1,497 2,288 764

35 to 44 years 11,677 414 1,190 1,020 1,563 2,172 1,327 2,655 1,335

45 to 54 years 11,630 393 1,253 1,037 1,638 2,135 1,240 2,535 1,399

55 to 64 years 9,188 340 948 889 1,305 1,786 997 1,994 929

65 years and older 2,158 133 271 209 331 400 217 401 197

Men, 16 years and older 65,007 1,656 5,290 4,848 8,640 11,027 7,280 15,531 10,735

16 to 24 years 5,936 443 1,392 914 1,215 1,011 408 469 84

Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2019 annual averages [In 

thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 42

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by usual weekly earnings

Under

$350.00

$350.00

to

$499.99

$500.00

to

$599.99

$600.00

to

$749.99

$750.00

to

$999.99

$1,000.00

to

$1,199.99

$1,200.00

to

$1,999.99

$2,000.00

or

more

16 to 19 years 838 120 285 151 142 90 21 27 3

20 to 24 years 5,098 322 1,107 763 1,073 922 388 442 81

25 years and older 59,070 1,214 3,898 3,934 7,425 10,016 6,872 15,062 10,652

25 to 34 years 16,482 433 1,418 1,489 2,727 3,195 2,073 3,489 1,657

35 to 44 years 15,105 239 821 927 1,663 2,476 1,752 4,218 3,010

45 to 54 years 13,760 231 813 741 1,472 2,192 1,549 3,773 2,990

55 to 64 years 10,878 174 581 590 1,236 1,740 1,241 2,929 2,386

65 years and older 2,846 137 265 187 326 413 256 653 608

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 90,194 2,851 8,471 7,458 12,432 16,181 10,060 20,465 12,277

Women 39,084 1,658 4,642 3,908 5,906 7,448 4,289 7,700 3,533

Men 51,110 1,193 3,829 3,550 6,526 8,733 5,771 12,765 8,745

Black or African American 15,460 809 2,366 1,804 2,778 2,767 1,596 2,327 1,013

Women 8,081 521 1,375 981 1,452 1,419 744 1,153 436

Men 7,378 288 991 823 1,326 1,347 852 1,173 577

Asian 7,898 210 558 530 779 1,166 745 2,072 1,837

Women 3,563 114 305 290 390 605 330 925 603

Men 4,334 96 253 240 389 561 415 1,148 1,233

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 21,227 1,048 3,411 2,847 4,034 3,793 1,887 2,948 1,260

Women 8,616 596 1,746 1,304 1,533 1,430 651 968 389

Men 12,611 452 1,665 1,543 2,502 2,363 1,236 1,980 871

Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2019 annual averages [In 

thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 43

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Standard error of median

Women

Total, all marital statuses 52,577 $821 $3

With children under 18 years old 17,874 842 5

With children 6 to 17, none younger 10,858 855 7

With children under 6 years old 7,016 825 9

With no children under 18 years old 34,703 812 3

Total, married, spouse present(1) 25,942 917 4

With children under 18 years old 11,781 949 7

With children 6 to 17, none younger 7,008 934 9

With children under 6 years old 4,773 968 10

With no children under 18 years old 14,161 894 5

Total, other marital statuses(2) 26,635 739 3

With children under 18 years old 6,093 677 6

With children 6 to 17, none younger 3,850 734 8

With children under 6 years old 2,243 601 6

With no children under 18 years old 20,542 759 4

Men

Total, all marital statuses 65,007 1,007 3

With children under 18 years old 22,208 1,140 6

With children 6 to 17, none younger 12,049 1,185 11

With children under 6 years old 10,160 1,081 11

With no children under 18 years old 42,798 951 4

Total, married, spouse present(1) 36,762 1,170 5

With children under 18 years old 19,398 1,190 8

With children 6 to 17, none younger 10,604 1,234 11

With children under 6 years old 8,794 1,152 8

Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 

2019 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 44

Footnotes

(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.

(2) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent.

Note: Children refer to "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Standard error of median

With no children under 18 years old 17,364 1,155 6

Total, other marital statuses(2) 28,245 822 4

With children under 18 years old 2,811 835 13

With children 6 to 17, none younger 1,445 924 18

With children under 6 years old 1,366 764 12

With no children under 18 years old 25,434 821 4

Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 

2019 annual averages

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older 82,289 $15.35 $0.04 41,372 $14.85 $0.02 40,918 $16.76 $0.07 88.6

16 to 24 years 16,021 11.94 0.02 8,043 11.59 0.10 7,978 12.20 0.03 95.0

16 to 19 years 4,761 10.21 0.03 2,428 10.09 0.03 2,333 10.56 0.14 95.5

20 to 24 years 11,260 12.54 0.07 5,616 12.07 0.03 5,644 13.12 0.06 92.0

25 years and older 66,269 16.87 0.03 33,329 15.58 0.07 32,940 18.05 0.03 86.3

25 to 34 years 19,952 15.90 0.04 9,446 15.10 0.03 10,506 16.63 0.12 90.8

35 to 44 years 15,202 17.52 0.12 7,472 15.90 0.07 7,730 19.16 0.18 83.0

45 to 54 years 14,322 17.52 0.12 7,486 15.97 0.07 6,836 19.24 0.20 83.0

55 to 64 years 12,400 17.85 0.07 6,574 16.18 0.12 5,826 19.80 0.15 81.7

65 years and older 4,393 15.03 0.06 2,350 14.78 0.12 2,043 15.81 0.27 93.5

Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2019 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 45

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 62,461 15.85 0.04 30,780 14.93 0.02 31,681 17.10 0.04 87.3

Black or African American 12,063 14.66 0.10 6,571 14.00 0.06 5,492 14.98 0.04 93.5

Asian 4,159 16.13 0.13 2,230 15.29 0.27 1,930 17.22 0.36 88.8

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 17,941 14.86 0.02 8,223 13.74 0.09 9,717 15.25 0.14 90.1

Marital Status

Never married 33,675 13.81 0.04 16,090 12.94 0.04 17,585 14.65 0.09 88.3

Married, spouse present(1) 35,619 17.82 0.04 17,325 16.12 0.05 18,294 19.39 0.13 83.1

Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 12,995 16.04 0.06 7,956 15.13 0.04 5,039 17.94 0.09 84.3

Widowed 1,627 15.04 0.09 1,283 14.88 0.09 344 16.85 0.38 88.3

Divorced 8,139 16.89 0.09 4,866 15.78 0.13 3,273 18.63 0.22 84.7

Separated(2) 3,229 15.06 0.05 1,807 14.52 0.28 1,422 16.18 0.27 89.7

Union Affiliation(3)

Members of unions(4) 8,552 20.96 0.14 3,273 18.85 0.27 5,278 22.64 0.26 83.3

Represented by unions(5) 9,538 20.24 0.18 3,744 18.25 0.25 5,793 22.11 0.15 82.5

Not represented by a union 72,752 15.07 0.01 37,627 14.57 0.06 35,125 15.94 0.03 91.4

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and older 66,269 16.87 0.03 33,329 15.58 0.07 32,940 18.05 0.03 86.3

Less than a high school diploma 6,524 13.84 0.05 2,576 12.04 0.04 3,947 14.98 0.04 80.4

High school graduates, no college 22,693 15.79 0.06 10,105 14.16 0.05 12,588 17.60 0.12 80.5

Some college or associate degree 21,287 17.05 0.05 11,339 15.78 0.07 9,948 18.93 0.10 83.4

Bachelor's degree and higher 15,765 21.11 0.17 9,308 20.50 0.20 6,457 21.97 0.12 93.3

Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2019 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 46

Footnotes

(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.

(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.

(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, 

industry, and geographic region.

(4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

(5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by hourly earnings

Under

$6.00

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$14.99

$15.00

to

$19.99

$20.00

or

more

Age

Total, 16 years and older 82,289 981 1,116 5,518 10,441 16,990 21,702 25,542

16 to 24 years 16,021 366 597 2,586 3,872 4,321 3,089 1,189

16 to 19 years 4,761 104 335 1,330 1,410 1,043 441 97

20 to 24 years 11,260 263 261 1,256 2,462 3,277 2,648 1,092

25 years and older 66,269 614 519 2,931 6,569 12,669 18,613 24,353

25 to 34 years 19,952 291 191 922 2,092 4,272 6,207 5,976

35 to 44 years 15,202 131 95 602 1,349 2,744 4,113 6,168

45 to 54 years 14,322 96 90 589 1,348 2,525 3,937 5,737

55 to 64 years 12,400 71 82 468 1,093 2,210 3,329 5,148

65 years and older 4,393 25 60 351 688 918 1,026 1,324

Women, 16 years and older 41,372 669 693 3,364 6,115 9,438 10,505 10,588

16 to 24 years 8,043 267 346 1,474 2,053 2,174 1,288 441

16 to 19 years 2,428 66 188 728 732 525 163 26

20 to 24 years 5,616 201 158 747 1,321 1,649 1,125 415

25 years and older 33,329 402 348 1,889 4,062 7,263 9,217 10,147

25 to 34 years 9,446 182 133 530 1,198 2,195 2,747 2,461

35 to 44 years 7,472 85 59 410 867 1,590 2,041 2,420

Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2019 annual averages 

[In thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 47

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by hourly earnings

Under

$6.00

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$14.99

$15.00

to

$19.99

$20.00

or

more

45 to 54 years 7,486 65 58 418 881 1,558 2,087 2,418

55 to 64 years 6,574 53 61 335 725 1,379 1,797 2,224

65 years and older 2,350 17 36 195 391 541 545 625

Men, 16 years and older 40,918 312 422 2,154 4,326 7,552 11,197 14,954

16 to 24 years 7,978 99 251 1,112 1,819 2,146 1,801 748

16 to 19 years 2,333 38 147 602 678 518 278 72

20 to 24 years 5,644 62 104 510 1,142 1,628 1,523 677

25 years and older 32,940 212 172 1,042 2,507 5,406 9,396 14,206

25 to 34 years 10,506 109 58 392 894 2,077 3,460 3,515

35 to 44 years 7,730 46 36 191 482 1,154 2,073 3,748

45 to 54 years 6,836 31 32 170 466 967 1,849 3,320

55 to 64 years 5,826 18 21 133 368 830 1,533 2,924

65 years and older 2,043 9 24 156 297 377 481 699

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 62,461 748 758 4,001 7,483 12,640 16,264 20,568

Women 30,780 530 449 2,393 4,420 6,979 7,768 8,240

Men 31,681 218 309 1,607 3,063 5,661 8,495 12,328

Black or African American 12,063 129 266 1,072 1,988 2,692 3,399 2,517

Women 6,571 76 183 690 1,137 1,512 1,742 1,231

Men 5,492 54 83 382 851 1,180 1,657 1,286

Asian 4,159 49 43 194 457 833 1,047 1,537

Women 2,230 32 30 122 261 492 547 747

Men 1,930 17 13 72 196 341 500 790

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 17,941 174 213 1,189 2,423 4,700 5,061 4,181

Women 8,223 123 133 704 1,396 2,358 2,098 1,412

Men 9,717 51 80 485 1,027 2,343 2,963 2,769

Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2019 annual averages 

[In thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 48

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

Age

Total, 16 years and older 82,289 1,211 392 1,603 1.9

16 to 24 years 16,021 462 229 691 4.3

16 to 19 years 4,761 152 120 272 5.7

20 to 24 years 11,260 310 109 419 3.7

25 years and older 66,269 749 163 912 1.4

25 to 34 years 19,952 338 63 401 2.0

35 to 44 years 15,202 150 37 187 1.2

45 to 54 years 14,322 129 27 156 1.1

55 to 64 years 12,400 98 19 118 1.0

65 years and older 4,393 34 16 50 1.1

Women, 16 years and older 41,372 800 268 1,067 2.6

16 to 24 years 8,043 320 145 465 5.8

16 to 19 years 2,428 84 75 159 6.5

20 to 24 years 5,616 236 70 306 5.5

25 years and older 33,329 479 123 602 1.8

25 to 34 years 9,446 213 48 261 2.8

35 to 44 years 7,472 92 27 119 1.6

45 to 54 years 7,486 80 18 98 1.3

55 to 64 years 6,574 70 16 86 1.3

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic 

characteristics, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 49

Characteristic

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

65 years and older 2,350 25 13 37 1.6

Men, 16 years and older 40,918 411 125 536 1.3

16 to 24 years 7,978 142 84 226 2.8

16 to 19 years 2,333 67 46 113 4.8

20 to 24 years 5,644 74 39 113 2.0

25 years and older 32,940 270 40 310 0.9

25 to 34 years 10,506 125 15 141 1.3

35 to 44 years 7,730 58 10 68 0.9

45 to 54 years 6,836 49 8 57 0.8

55 to 64 years 5,826 29 3 32 0.5

65 years and older 2,043 9 4 13 0.6

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 62,461 904 260 1,164 1.9

Women 30,780 614 171 785 2.6

Men 31,681 290 89 379 1.2

Black or African American 12,063 186 101 287 2.4

Women 6,571 107 76 183 2.8

Men 5,492 79 26 104 1.9

Asian 4,159 58 12 70 1.7

Women 2,230 40 7 47 2.1

Men 1,930 18 5 23 1.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 17,941 215 77 292 1.6

Women 8,223 143 52 195 2.4

Men 9,717 72 24 97 1.0

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic 

characteristics, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 50

Footnotes

(1) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple 

jobholders.

Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and 

Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

Full- and Part-time Status(1)

Full-time workers 62,450 618 98 717 1.1

Women 28,360 383 78 460 1.6

Men 34,090 236 21 256 0.8

Part-time workers 19,730 592 294 886 4.5

Women 12,952 417 190 607 4.7

Men 6,778 175 104 279 4.1

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic 

characteristics, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

Total

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2019 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 51

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

1979 87,529 51,721 59.1 2,916 3,997 6,912 13.4

1980 87,644 51,335 58.6 3,087 4,686 7,773 15.1

1981 88,516 51,869 58.6 3,513 4,311 7,824 15.1

1982 87,368 50,846 58.2 2,348 4,148 6,496 12.8

1983 88,290 51,820 58.7 2,077 4,261 6,338 12.2

1984 92,194 54,143 58.7 1,838 4,125 5,963 11.0

1985 94,521 55,762 59.0 1,639 3,899 5,538 9.9

1986 96,903 57,529 59.4 1,599 3,461 5,060 8.8

1987 99,303 59,552 60.0 1,468 3,229 4,698 7.9

1988 101,407 60,878 60.0 1,319 2,608 3,927 6.5

1989 103,480 62,389 60.3 1,372 1,790 3,162 5.1

1990 104,876 63,172 60.2 2,132 1,096 3,228 5.1

1991 103,723 62,627 60.4 2,377 2,906 5,283 8.4

1992 104,668 63,610 60.8 1,939 2,982 4,921 7.7

1993 106,101 64,274 60.6 1,707 2,625 4,332 6.7

1994 107,989 66,549 61.6 1,995 2,132 4,128 6.2

1995 110,038 68,354 62.1 1,699 1,956 3,656 5.3

1996 111,960 69,255 61.9 1,863 1,861 3,724 5.4

1997 114,533 70,735 61.8 2,990 1,764 4,754 6.7

1998 116,730 71,440 61.2 2,834 1,593 4,427 6.2

1999 118,963 72,306 60.8 2,194 1,146 3,340 4.6

2000 122,089 73,496 60.2 1,752 898 2,650 3.6

2001 122,229 73,392 60.0 1,518 656 2,174 3.0

2002 121,826 72,508 59.5 1,579 567 2,146 3.0

2003 122,358 72,946 59.6 1,555 545 2,100 2.9

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2019 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 52

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

2004 123,554 73,939 59.8 1,483 520 2,003 2.7

2005 125,889 75,609 60.1 1,403 479 1,882 2.5

2006 128,237 76,514 59.7 1,283 409 1,692 2.2

2007 129,767 75,873 58.5 1,462 267 1,729 2.3

2008 129,377 75,305 58.2 1,940 286 2,226 3.0

2009 124,490 72,611 58.3 2,592 980 3,572 4.9

2010 124,073 72,902 58.8 2,541 1,820 4,361 6.0

2011 125,187 73,926 59.1 2,152 1,677 3,829 5.2

2012 127,577 75,276 59.0 1,984 1,566 3,550 4.7

2013 129,110 75,948 58.8 1,768 1,532 3,301 4.3

2014 131,431 77,207 58.7 1,737 1,255 2,992 3.9

2015 133,743 78,232 58.5 1,691 870 2,561 3.3

2016 136,101 79,883 58.7 1,451 701 2,153 2.7

2017 137,890 80,439 58.3 1,282 542 1,824 2.3

2018 140,099 81,915 58.5 1,276 434 1,711 2.1

2019 141,737 82,289 58.1 1,211 392 1,603 1.9

Women

1979 38,129 23,329 61.2 2,070 2,644 4,714 20.2

1980 38,944 23,626 60.7 2,104 2,990 5,095 21.6

1981 39,672 24,294 61.2 2,394 2,778 5,172 21.3

1982 39,777 24,365 61.3 1,651 2,561 4,212 17.3

1983 40,433 24,989 61.8 1,492 2,603 4,095 16.4

1984 42,172 26,003 61.7 1,348 2,499 3,847 14.8

1985 43,506 26,869 61.8 1,198 2,356 3,554 13.2

1986 44,961 27,863 62.0 1,192 2,125 3,317 11.9

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2019 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 53

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

1987 46,365 29,078 62.7 1,105 1,946 3,051 10.5

1988 47,495 29,820 62.8 1,008 1,542 2,550 8.6

1989 48,691 30,702 63.1 994 1,056 2,050 6.7

1990 49,323 31,069 63.0 1,420 711 2,131 6.9

1991 49,105 30,988 63.1 1,582 1,792 3,374 10.9

1992 49,842 31,454 63.1 1,286 1,751 3,036 9.7

1993 50,626 31,937 63.1 1,133 1,534 2,667 8.4

1994 51,419 33,021 64.2 1,322 1,241 2,563 7.8

1995 52,369 33,934 64.8 1,157 1,161 2,318 6.8

1996 53,488 34,418 64.3 1,244 1,106 2,350 6.8

1997 54,708 35,214 64.4 1,843 1,092 2,935 8.3

1998 55,757 35,680 64.0 1,794 965 2,760 7.7

1999 57,050 36,233 63.5 1,426 700 2,126 5.9

2000 58,427 36,777 62.9 1,170 579 1,749 4.8

2001 58,582 36,848 62.9 1,021 409 1,430 3.9

2002 58,555 36,508 62.3 997 350 1,347 3.7

2003 59,122 37,093 62.7 1,062 332 1,394 3.8

2004 59,408 37,133 62.5 1,013 310 1,323 3.6

2005 60,423 37,957 62.8 944 290 1,234 3.3

2006 61,426 38,321 62.4 861 263 1,124 2.9

2007 62,299 38,082 61.1 1,002 181 1,183 3.1

2008 62,532 37,972 60.7 1,302 196 1,498 3.9

2009 60,951 37,426 61.4 1,603 612 2,215 5.9

2010 60,542 37,404 61.8 1,598 1,151 2,749 7.3

2011 60,502 37,469 61.9 1,366 1,029 2,395 6.4

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2019 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 54

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

2012 61,679 38,163 61.9 1,288 999 2,287 6.0

2013 62,316 38,404 61.6 1,148 910 2,058 5.4

2014 63,383 38,802 61.2 1,139 739 1,878 4.8

2015 64,445 39,500 61.3 1,062 540 1,602 4.1

2016 65,512 40,315 61.5 952 432 1,384 3.4

2017 66,421 40,658 61.2 829 316 1,146 2.8

2018 67,467 41,223 61.1 812 267 1,078 2.6

2019 68,388 41,372 60.5 800 268 1,067 2.6

Men

1979 49,400 28,392 57.5 846 1,353 2,199 7.7

1980 48,700 27,709 56.9 983 1,696 2,678 9.7

1981 48,844 27,576 56.5 1,119 1,533 2,652 9.6

1982 47,591 26,481 55.6 697 1,587 2,284 8.6

1983 47,856 26,831 56.1 585 1,658 2,243 8.4

1984 50,022 28,140 56.3 490 1,626 2,116 7.5

1985 51,015 28,893 56.6 440 1,544 1,984 6.9

1986 51,942 29,666 57.1 408 1,336 1,743 5.9

1987 52,938 30,474 57.6 364 1,283 1,647 5.4

1988 53,912 31,058 57.6 311 1,066 1,377 4.4

1989 54,789 31,687 57.8 379 733 1,112 3.5

1990 55,553 32,104 57.8 712 385 1,097 3.4

1991 54,618 31,639 57.9 795 1,114 1,909 6.0

1992 54,826 32,155 58.6 653 1,231 1,885 5.9

1993 55,475 32,337 58.3 573 1,091 1,664 5.1

1994 56,570 33,528 59.3 674 891 1,565 4.7

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2019 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 55

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

1995 57,669 34,420 59.7 542 796 1,338 3.9

1996 58,473 34,838 59.6 619 755 1,374 3.9

1997 59,825 35,521 59.4 1,147 673 1,820 5.1

1998 60,973 35,761 58.7 1,039 628 1,667 4.7

1999 61,914 36,073 58.3 768 446 1,214 3.4

2000 63,662 36,720 57.7 582 319 901 2.5

2001 63,647 36,544 57.4 497 247 744 2.0

2002 63,272 36,000 56.9 582 217 799 2.2

2003 63,236 35,853 56.7 493 213 706 2.0

2004 64,145 36,806 57.4 470 210 680 1.8

2005 65,466 37,652 57.5 459 189 648 1.7

2006 66,811 38,193 57.2 422 146 568 1.5

2007 67,468 37,790 56.0 460 86 546 1.4

2008 66,846 37,334 55.9 638 90 728 1.9

2009 63,539 35,185 55.4 990 368 1,358 3.9

2010 63,531 35,498 55.9 943 669 1,612 4.5

2011 64,686 36,457 56.4 785 648 1,433 3.9

2012 65,898 37,113 56.3 696 567 1,263 3.4

2013 66,794 37,544 56.2 621 622 1,243 3.3

2014 68,048 38,405 56.4 598 516 1,114 2.9

2015 69,298 38,732 55.9 629 330 959 2.5

2016 70,589 39,568 56.1 499 270 769 1.9

2017 71,469 39,781 55.7 452 226 678 1.7

2018 72,632 40,691 56.0 464 168 632 1.6

2019 73,349 40,918 55.8 411 125 536 1.3

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2019 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 56

Footnotes

(1) Data for 1990-91, 1996-97, and 2007-09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

1979 62.3 78.6 85.2 76.3 62.1 67.5 58.3 56.8 60.6 77.6

1980 64.2 80.3 89.5 78.1 62.8 69.4 58.3 56.9 59.4 76.4

1981 64.4 82.6 91.7 80.6 62.6 70.3 59.9 56.8 58.9 71.1

1982 65.7 85.3 92.9 82.4 64.9 72.1 61.1 60.1 61.4 70.3

1983 66.5 88.8 94.0 85.5 65.8 73.3 61.5 59.5 61.8 68.8

1984 67.6 87.9 93.1 85.2 67.1 74.6 62.0 59.4 61.5 66.8

1985 68.1 87.6 90.7 85.7 66.8 75.1 63.0 59.7 61.0 65.9

1986 69.5 89.0 91.4 87.5 66.5 76.1 63.9 60.9 61.2 71.5

1987 69.8 88.3 87.8 88.0 67.3 76.7 66.1 62.3 62.2 68.7

1988 70.2 89.7 89.8 90.0 68.8 77.7 68.5 61.7 62.3 70.9

1989 70.1 90.8 94.3 89.7 70.2 78.3 68.3 62.7 63.9 74.3

1990 71.9 90.1 90.8 90.3 72.1 79.3 69.6 63.8 63.7 74.4

1991 74.2 93.3 93.6 93.3 74.0 81.0 70.7 65.0 64.5 68.3

1992 75.8 94.0 94.0 94.3 74.6 82.0 71.9 65.8 64.9 77.9

1993 77.1 94.8 92.8 95.4 74.8 83.0 73.0 67.4 67.4 74.3

1994 76.4 93.9 92.5 94.5 73.1 82.9 72.6 67.1 66.0 76.2

1995 75.5 90.8 88.1 92.4 72.8 82.2 72.6 67.7 64.7 80.0

1996 75.0 92.5 88.8 92.8 74.1 83.2 73.3 68.9 65.3 70.0

1997 74.4 92.1 91.6 90.5 75.1 82.9 74.0 69.4 64.7 77.0

1998 76.3 91.3 88.6 89.4 75.9 82.9 73.6 70.5 68.1 72.6

1999 76.5 91.0 91.4 90.5 74.4 81.5 71.7 70.0 67.9 78.7

2000 76.9 91.7 92.5 92.7 74.5 82.4 71.6 73.2 69.1 75.1

2001 76.4 90.3 90.3 91.9 75.4 83.0 72.5 73.5 70.5 69.0

2002 77.9 93.9 94.6 93.9 77.6 84.5 75.2 74.6 71.6 73.8

Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 57

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

2003 79.4 93.2 93.1 93.9 78.5 86.9 76.1 73.0 72.7 71.1

2004 80.4 93.8 92.1 93.8 78.6 87.8 75.6 72.9 73.0 74.6

2005 81.0 93.2 92.1 93.8 79.4 89.0 75.5 75.5 74.7 76.4

2006 80.8 94.5 87.6 94.9 78.7 88.2 77.2 73.5 72.9 77.5

2007 80.2 92.3 89.1 90.3 78.5 86.9 76.5 74.5 72.8 77.8

2008 79.9 91.1 87.3 92.5 78.2 88.5 74.5 74.9 75.4 74.8

2009 80.2 92.6 90.7 92.9 78.7 88.7 77.4 73.6 75.3 76.1

2010 81.2 95.3 94.6 93.8 80.5 90.8 79.9 76.5 75.2 75.7

2011 82.2 92.5 88.6 93.2 81.0 92.3 78.5 76.0 75.1 80.9

2012 80.9 88.9 88.5 89.0 79.9 90.2 78.1 75.1 76.2 77.6

2013 82.1 88.3 89.7 89.8 81.1 89.4 80.2 76.6 77.1 73.7

2014 82.5 91.5 91.1 92.3 81.6 89.9 81.0 77.2 76.4 78.6

2015 81.1 88.2 89.4 89.7 80.4 89.6 81.8 76.8 73.7 73.8

2016 81.9 94.9 92.6 95.6 80.9 88.8 83.3 77.8 73.7 75.5

2017 81.8 91.2 87.6 90.2 81.3 88.2 81.0 77.5 78.0 77.0

2018 81.1 90.8 89.4 92.2 80.9 87.0 79.6 77.0 75.0 77.2

2019 81.5 89.0 84.4 90.4 80.8 87.8 80.1 77.3 75.5 76.5

Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

1979 62.3 61.7 74.4 - 71.7

1980 64.2 63.4 75.8 - 73.5

1981 64.4 63.1 76.9 - 75.7

1982 65.7 64.5 78.1 - 75.5

Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 58

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

1983 66.5 65.6 78.9 - 78.5

1984 67.6 66.8 79.5 - 77.7

1985 68.1 67.2 82.6 - 77.7

1986 69.5 67.9 82.8 - 80.6

1987 69.8 68.2 84.4 - 82.0

1988 70.2 68.4 82.8 - 84.4

1989 70.1 69.3 86.5 - 85.4

1990 71.9 71.5 85.3 - 87.4

1991 74.2 73.7 86.1 - 90.4

1992 75.8 75.3 88.2 - 89.1

1993 77.1 76.5 88.8 - 90.5

1994 76.4 74.6 86.5 - 88.9

1995 75.5 73.3 86.4 - 87.1

1996 75.0 73.8 87.9 - 88.8

1997 74.4 74.6 86.8 - 85.7

1998 76.3 76.1 85.5 - 86.4

1999 76.5 75.7 83.8 - 85.7

2000 76.9 75.8 84.1 79.9 87.8

2001 76.4 75.8 85.8 76.9 88.2

2002 77.9 77.9 90.3 74.9 88.0

2003 79.4 79.3 88.5 77.5 88.4

2004 80.4 79.8 88.8 76.4 87.3

2005 81.0 80.2 89.3 80.6 87.7

2006 80.8 80.0 87.8 79.3 87.1

2007 80.2 79.4 88.8 78.1 91.0

2008 79.9 79.3 89.4 78.0 89.6

2009 80.2 79.2 93.7 81.8 89.5

2010 81.2 80.5 93.5 82.6 90.7

2011 82.2 82.1 91.1 77.4 90.7

2012 80.9 80.8 90.1 73.0 88.0

2013 82.1 81.7 91.3 77.3 91.1

Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 59

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of 2003, 

estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who 

reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not 

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

2014 82.5 81.8 89.9 77.9 89.0

2015 81.1 80.8 90.4 77.7 89.7

2016 81.9 81.3 89.3 78.4 88.4

2017 81.8 81.9 92.5 74.8 87.4

2018 81.1 81.5 89.0 75.5 85.7

2019 81.5 81.1 91.5 76.7 85.9

Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

1979 62.1 60.3 60.1 64.1 66.7

1980 62.8 61.4 61.5 64.5 67.9

1981 62.6 61.2 61.0 65.6 66.9

1982 64.9 62.8 63.1 66.7 68.8

1983 65.8 64.8 63.4 68.2 71.2

1984 67.1 64.9 64.9 68.4 69.4

1985 66.8 64.3 65.8 67.2 70.2

1986 66.5 64.8 66.6 68.0 70.6

1987 67.3 66.0 68.1 69.8 71.4

1988 68.8 66.6 68.2 71.6 71.4

1989 70.2 66.8 67.6 73.3 71.9

1990 72.1 68.8 68.6 72.9 72.2

1991 74.0 71.6 69.8 72.6 73.6

1992 74.6 72.9 70.4 73.3 75.1

1993 74.8 73.9 71.3 73.8 75.8

Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979-2019

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 60

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

1994 73.1 75.1 70.8 72.1 76.8

1995 72.8 75.5 70.2 71.6 76.2

1996 74.1 75.1 70.7 73.2 75.2

1997 75.1 75.3 70.7 73.9 75.0

1998 75.9 73.9 70.8 74.0 75.3

1999 74.4 73.4 69.8 73.4 75.7

2000 74.5 74.9 71.1 73.1 74.1

2001 75.4 75.4 72.7 71.9 73.7

2002 77.6 77.2 74.2 74.3 74.2

2003 78.5 76.7 75.5 75.7 73.6

2004 78.6 74.9 75.7 75.8 75.2

2005 79.4 74.9 75.6 76.6 75.7

2006 78.7 76.3 73.7 75.6 75.1

2007 78.5 76.7 74.3 75.2 75.0

2008 78.2 76.1 73.3 75.7 74.3

2009 78.7 76.4 75.7 75.4 73.1

2010 80.5 79.8 76.5 75.5 74.1

2011 81.0 80.9 76.9 76.8 74.9

2012 79.9 76.0 76.3 76.9 73.0

2013 81.1 80.0 78.3 76.6 74.8

2014 81.6 79.1 77.0 75.8 75.7

2015 80.4 80.4 77.2 75.2 74.9

2016 80.9 76.8 77.9 76.8 75.2

2017 81.3 76.5 76.5 76.3 76.4

2018 80.9 77.3 75.2 75.4 75.1

2019 80.8 76.7 75.0 74.4 76.0

Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979-2019

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 61

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in 

table 24.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1979 64.1 81.8 95.0 75.9 58.3 63.3 55.8 54.1 56.9 87.6

1980 64.8 84.1 93.2 77.0 58.7 64.1 54.9 54.4 56.4 89.2

1981 65.1 86.1 96.7 80.0 60.3 66.7 57.5 54.1 56.2 88.1

1982 67.3 86.3 97.0 81.8 62.1 67.7 57.1 55.7 59.0 88.1

1983 69.4 87.2 96.7 84.4 62.9 70.3 57.6 56.7 58.0 87.6

1984 69.8 86.0 96.5 84.5 63.7 71.1 59.0 56.9 59.5 89.0

1985 70.0 85.7 96.3 87.2 64.7 72.4 60.3 57.8 60.4 88.8

1986 70.2 85.8 95.5 86.7 66.0 74.1 61.4 59.0 60.3 91.3

1987 72.1 85.9 93.9 86.1 67.2 74.3 62.9 61.3 62.0 91.2

1988 73.8 89.1 94.4 87.2 68.7 75.6 66.1 61.6 62.4 92.8

1989 75.4 90.7 93.4 86.9 69.8 78.0 67.0 63.4 63.8 87.1

1990 77.9 91.0 93.8 90.1 71.8 79.4 68.7 64.3 66.2 89.6

1991 78.6 91.0 97.9 91.7 73.5 80.4 70.4 65.0 68.9 92.6

1992 80.3 91.3 97.7 92.5 76.0 82.6 73.1 66.1 69.3 92.6

1993 80.4 91.7 97.1 94.2 77.3 83.6 73.1 67.3 69.0 92.1

1994 80.6 90.5 97.0 91.2 78.2 85.5 73.4 69.9 70.7 94.0

1995 80.8 90.9 96.1 89.3 76.1 83.7 72.6 70.8 71.4 94.2

1996 81.2 92.1 97.0 89.6 78.2 83.1 74.6 72.1 72.4 91.6

1997 80.8 92.2 96.6 91.2 78.8 82.7 75.7 72.3 70.5 98.1

1998 81.8 90.3 96.7 89.1 77.9 86.1 77.4 75.0 72.4 93.2

1999 83.8 92.7 96.8 89.9 79.4 83.9 76.9 72.7 76.4 95.4

2000 83.8 91.7 93.8 93.0 80.8 88.3 76.3 73.2 76.8 94.7

2001 85.2 90.5 95.8 89.7 79.2 85.8 75.0 76.1 80.2 90.4

2002 85.0 92.5 96.9 91.3 82.1 85.1 78.7 77.6 80.8 89.3

Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 62

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2003 84.8 93.2 97.6 91.0 83.1 87.5 79.1 79.0 78.4 90.3

2004 84.6 93.9 95.9 91.7 81.7 88.3 78.4 79.1 79.6 92.5

2005 84.8 92.6 96.0 92.4 83.2 89.2 79.6 80.2 80.2 97.8

2006 84.0 90.9 95.7 90.5 83.2 87.6 80.0 76.4 80.6 93.0

2007 84.8 89.3 95.4 90.4 81.7 87.4 81.5 79.6 79.2 92.2

2008 85.4 91.2 96.6 91.6 83.0 87.0 80.5 78.2 81.8 91.6

2009 85.5 93.1 97.1 92.0 84.7 90.6 80.7 77.0 84.5 92.6

2010 86.0 93.6 97.8 91.7 85.6 91.9 82.9 79.9 83.2 93.8

2011 86.8 94.6 97.5 92.5 86.7 92.0 83.8 81.5 82.2 91.5

2012 86.4 93.0 97.9 92.0 86.8 91.5 83.9 81.2 83.1 90.9

2013 86.6 92.3 96.7 94.0 87.5 91.1 84.9 81.2 84.1 94.9

2014 84.6 92.4 96.1 96.3 85.7 87.0 84.6 81.2 81.3 89.2

2015 85.6 95.1 97.5 93.5 87.8 91.0 85.7 84.3 82.1 89.5

2016 87.0 97.7 95.7 91.9 87.6 88.2 85.8 83.0 83.7 88.1

2017 89.2 93.5 97.1 92.6 87.2 92.4 83.4 80.9 81.8 93.0

2018 87.8 93.1 97.6 95.9 84.7 92.2 82.5 80.0 79.9 92.4

2019 88.6 95.0 95.5 92.0 86.3 90.8 83.0 83.0 81.7 93.5

Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1979 64.1 62.5 72.6 - 71.8

1980 64.8 63.6 74.9 - 75.1

Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 

1979-2019

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 63

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1981 65.1 63.8 72.1 - 76.4

1982 67.3 66.0 75.2 - 75.6

1983 69.4 68.0 79.2 - 76.1

1984 69.8 68.6 79.1 - 77.0

1985 70.0 67.8 82.0 - 79.4

1986 70.2 68.8 78.7 - 80.8

1987 72.1 70.9 80.1 - 80.2

1988 73.8 72.7 80.8 - 81.1

1989 75.4 74.0 83.2 - 83.0

1990 77.9 75.6 84.5 - 86.1

1991 78.6 76.6 86.5 - 86.9

1992 80.3 78.6 87.1 - 88.3

1993 80.4 78.9 89.6 - 88.6

1994 80.6 79.7 87.5 - 89.3

1995 80.8 78.4 87.3 - 90.9

1996 81.2 79.6 88.0 - 88.8

1997 80.8 80.3 87.5 - 86.3

1998 81.8 81.8 86.9 - 87.6

1999 83.8 82.3 83.2 - 86.6

2000 83.8 83.0 88.8 90.5 87.3

2001 85.2 83.8 89.9 85.1 85.6

2002 85.0 83.8 92.3 91.7 86.1

2003 84.8 84.0 91.7 89.8 88.5

2004 84.6 84.0 91.3 88.8 90.2

2005 84.8 84.2 91.1 91.3 90.1

2006 84.0 83.6 88.5 90.7 87.6

2007 84.8 83.7 90.3 89.5 88.5

2008 85.4 84.5 89.9 87.3 85.1

2009 85.5 84.8 89.7 90.4 84.6

Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 

1979-2019

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 64

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As of 2003, 

estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who 

reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not 

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2010 86.0 85.0 92.1 88.0 86.2

2011 86.8 85.9 93.5 89.8 86.8

2012 86.4 85.3 92.0 90.1 85.4

2013 86.6 85.7 94.9 91.6 87.5

2014 84.6 83.3 94.8 90.2 86.6

2015 85.6 85.9 92.4 92.8 85.8

2016 87.0 87.2 92.6 93.6 85.2

2017 89.2 87.8 94.1 85.5 84.1

2018 87.8 86.3 91.6 89.6 85.3

2019 88.6 87.3 93.5 88.8 90.1

Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 

1979-2019

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

Total

1979 $793 $566 $474 $612 $872 $839 $921 $908 $862 $651

1980 775 553 456 592 846 817 893 882 843 601

1981 770 542 436 577 835 802 883 867 837 602

1982 770 531 418 561 834 793 903 880 829 645

1983 767 517 402 547 841 787 907 900 848 640

1984 767 511 398 544 852 788 915 906 861 640

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 65

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

1985 782 509 395 545 861 793 923 909 866 675

1986 801 518 397 554 873 804 935 929 886 665

1987 808 525 402 559 870 806 940 927 875 670

1988 802 519 408 554 862 798 938 944 873 673

1989 796 517 407 551 852 786 942 942 860 667

1990 783 511 397 542 854 774 924 930 869 652

1991 782 508 391 534 857 761 914 930 861 699

1992 789 495 380 520 858 756 901 935 866 677

1993 802 493 374 519 858 762 904 948 860 687

1994 800 490 378 514 856 752 920 969 858 658

1995 801 488 386 512 853 754 920 973 860 651

1996 798 485 391 508 847 754 910 967 871 625

1997 801 487 401 511 860 766 922 967 889 626

1998 822 502 421 533 899 789 939 975 931 637

1999 845 525 432 558 911 797 940 1,003 929 622

2000 857 537 442 570 906 817 930 996 923 689

2001 863 543 441 570 912 834 951 1,003 923 706

2002 866 543 434 568 920 842 952 1,006 960 715

2003 864 539 433 560 922 827 957 1,007 986 719

2004 866 529 419 551 927 820 967 1,008 984 760

2005 854 521 417 539 913 801 959 982 974 747

2006 853 520 412 537 912 789 950 982 972 741

2007 859 524 417 556 912 795 951 977 993 748

2008 860 527 415 556 906 793 957 979 982 767

2009 883 528 411 554 925 810 976 1,001 1,005 817

2010 878 508 408 533 919 801 968 992 1,011 804

2011 861 501 401 521 908 789 953 986 1,003 845

2012 857 496 397 518 910 789 958 980 1,001 845

2013 853 499 410 519 909 778 960 970 993 880

2014 855 516 409 531 907 785 952 972 985 891

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 66

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

2015 873 525 420 540 928 793 971 996 1,000 942

2016 886 534 431 546 942 800 995 1,017 1,014 922

2017 897 541 442 563 946 806 1,005 1,019 1,016 948

2018 902 558 457 587 949 823 1,004 1,020 1,012 961

2019 917 581 481 598 969 846 1,035 1,033 1,017 936

Women

1979 $599 $507 $434 $530 $641 $655 $645 $632 $622 $559

1980 595 494 429 518 630 645 633 618 607 518

1981 593 488 417 518 631 648 645 610 602 512

1982 610 490 403 513 651 658 658 643 625 538

1983 618 485 387 507 657 667 667 647 630 520

1984 624 478 381 501 666 671 687 656 635 515

1985 630 480 377 502 673 673 698 664 648 550

1986 650 489 379 516 688 683 712 688 661 571

1987 654 490 371 523 693 683 728 700 665 564

1988 656 490 383 523 698 681 738 706 660 583

1989 655 491 393 519 701 679 739 713 665 583

1990 658 483 376 511 702 677 741 717 662 570

1991 672 488 376 514 710 681 747 730 666 585

1992 681 478 367 502 717 685 749 747 674 588

1993 687 477 358 505 726 691 760 769 691 586

1994 683 473 361 497 721 680 767 771 682 575

1995 679 460 360 487 716 674 758 776 674 590

1996 681 463 363 485 723 676 754 783 684 544

1997 686 465 382 487 736 680 768 788 689 554

1998 717 480 392 502 763 709 783 811 748 550

1999 728 498 409 528 765 723 774 822 757 569

2000 734 512 421 545 768 734 775 839 756 583

2001 741 511 417 543 786 741 792 849 776 564

2002 754 523 420 548 809 755 813 858 818 613

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 67

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

2003 769 517 416 539 813 760 822 848 837 606

2004 777 509 398 531 813 761 825 848 834 649

2005 768 500 399 520 803 752 815 845 839 646

2006 762 502 388 525 797 741 820 837 836 648

2007 759 506 393 527 799 738 826 837 839 660

2008 760 500 383 530 798 742 812 842 846 670

2009 785 507 386 532 821 757 847 851 869 719

2010 786 496 395 516 827 761 859 858 865 706

2011 779 479 374 499 818 754 836 847 853 756

2012 771 464 368 479 811 743 834 833 855 744

2013 776 465 385 486 813 731 843 836 856 759

2014 777 488 386 506 813 734 844 843 843 800

2015 783 485 393 505 821 744 867 862 846 798

2016 798 518 413 532 835 751 894 890 865 798

2017 803 520 419 536 845 755 897 892 893 815

2018 803 532 429 556 845 764 892 892 869 826

2019 821 540 427 563 865 788 920 904 880 815

Men

1979 $961 $645 $510 $694 $1,033 $970 $1,105 $1,112 $1,026 $720

1980 926 615 479 663 1,003 929 1,086 1,086 1,021 678

1981 921 591 455 642 1,008 921 1,076 1,073 1,022 721

1982 929 574 434 622 1,003 913 1,077 1,069 1,018 765

1983 929 547 412 593 998 909 1,083 1,088 1,020 755

1984 922 544 409 588 993 899 1,108 1,106 1,033 772

1985 925 548 416 586 1,007 895 1,107 1,111 1,061 834

1986 935 549 415 589 1,033 897 1,114 1,129 1,080 799

1987 937 555 423 594 1,030 890 1,102 1,123 1,069 821

1988 935 546 427 581 1,015 877 1,077 1,144 1,060 823

1989 934 541 417 579 998 866 1,082 1,136 1,040 784

1990 914 536 414 567 973 854 1,065 1,124 1,038 766

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 68

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

1991 905 523 402 550 960 840 1,057 1,123 1,033 857

1992 898 509 391 532 961 835 1,041 1,136 1,038 754

1993 892 503 386 530 970 832 1,042 1,142 1,024 788

1994 894 503 390 526 986 820 1,057 1,149 1,033 755

1995 900 507 408 527 983 819 1,043 1,145 1,042 737

1996 907 500 409 523 976 813 1,029 1,137 1,047 777

1997 922 505 417 538 979 820 1,037 1,135 1,065 720

1998 940 525 442 561 1,005 855 1,064 1,151 1,099 758

1999 951 548 448 583 1,028 888 1,080 1,174 1,115 723

2000 954 558 455 588 1,031 890 1,083 1,147 1,094 777

2001 970 566 462 590 1,042 893 1,091 1,156 1,100 818

2002 967 557 444 584 1,043 893 1,081 1,150 1,142 830

2003 968 554 447 574 1,036 875 1,079 1,162 1,152 852

2004 967 543 431 566 1,034 867 1,091 1,163 1,144 870

2005 948 537 433 554 1,012 845 1,079 1,119 1,122 845

2006 944 531 442 553 1,013 840 1,062 1,140 1,146 836

2007 947 548 441 583 1,017 849 1,079 1,124 1,153 848

2008 950 549 439 573 1,020 838 1,089 1,124 1,123 896

2009 978 547 425 572 1,043 854 1,094 1,155 1,153 945

2010 968 521 417 550 1,027 839 1,075 1,121 1,150 933

2011 948 518 421 535 1,009 817 1,065 1,115 1,136 935

2012 953 522 416 538 1,016 824 1,068 1,109 1,122 960

2013 945 526 429 541 1,002 818 1,051 1,092 1,111 1,030

2014 942 533 424 548 997 816 1,042 1,093 1,104 1,018

2015 965 550 439 563 1,022 831 1,060 1,122 1,148 1,082

2016 974 545 446 557 1,032 846 1,072 1,145 1,174 1,056

2017 981 570 479 594 1,039 856 1,107 1,150 1,145 1,059

2018 991 586 480 603 1,045 878 1,121 1,158 1,158 1,069

2019 1,007 607 506 623 1,070 897 1,149 1,169 1,166 1,066

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 69

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes 

section. 

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

1979 $793 $816 $655 - $638

1980 775 796 627 - 618

1981 770 789 637 - 604

1982 770 791 625 - 612

1983 767 784 640 - 613

1984 767 791 633 - 609

1985 782 809 630 - 614

1986 801 828 650 - 618

1987 808 829 650 - 616

1988 802 823 654 - 604

1989 796 816 637 - 595

1990 783 806 625 - 578

1991 782 811 639 - 572

1992 789 821 640 - 575

1993 802 830 645 - 579

1994 800 829 635 - 555

1995 801 826 640 - 550

1996 798 824 630 - 552

1997 801 826 637 - 559

1998 822 857 670 - 582

1999 845 882 685 - 592

2000 857 878 705 $915 594

2001 863 883 711 925 603

2002 866 887 709 937 604

2003 864 886 716 965 613

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019 

annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 70

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2004 866 891 712 961 619

2005 854 882 682 988 618

2006 853 877 704 996 618

2007 859 885 703 1,026 622

2008 860 883 701 1,025 630

2009 883 904 718 1,051 646

2010 878 899 718 1,005 629

2011 861 883 700 986 625

2012 857 884 693 1,027 634

2013 853 881 691 1,035 635

2014 855 882 691 1,030 642

2015 873 901 691 1,071 652

2016 886 918 722 1,087 665

2017 897 928 711 1,088 683

2018 902 933 707 1,115 692

2019 917 945 735 1,174 706

Women

1979 $599 $605 $556 - $516

1980 595 601 547 - 509

1981 593 599 558 - 515

1982 610 617 554 - 518

1983 618 623 569 - 527

1984 624 631 567 - 525

1985 630 639 573 - 523

1986 650 656 589 - 538

1987 654 663 596 - 542

1988 656 662 600 - 542

1989 655 667 601 - 537

1990 658 671 586 - 529

1991 672 684 593 - 536

1992 681 694 600 - 541

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019 

annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 71

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1993 687 701 608 - 547

1994 683 699 592 - 522

1995 679 694 594 - 510

1996 681 697 590 - 515

1997 686 707 597 - 506

1998 717 736 629 - 530

1999 728 743 629 - 535

2000 734 747 638 $814 545

2001 741 755 657 815 562

2002 754 779 674 806 566

2003 769 790 684 833 571

2004 777 792 685 832 569

2005 768 782 655 873 563

2006 762 774 659 888 559

2007 759 774 659 904 585

2008 760 779 660 896 596

2009 785 799 695 931 608

2010 786 804 696 908 597

2011 779 801 678 855 590

2012 771 792 669 859 581

2013 776 793 666 900 595

2014 777 794 661 909 592

2015 783 802 663 946 611

2016 798 816 683 961 624

2017 803 829 685 942 629

2018 803 832 666 954 628

2019 821 840 704 1,025 642

Men

1979 $961 $980 $747 - $720

1980 926 947 722 - 692

1981 921 949 726 - 680

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019 

annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 72

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1982 929 957 709 - 686

1983 929 949 721 - 672

1984 922 944 713 - 675

1985 925 950 693 - 673

1986 935 967 712 - 667

1987 937 972 706 - 661

1988 935 969 725 - 642

1989 934 962 695 - 629

1990 914 939 686 - 605

1991 905 928 688 - 593

1992 898 921 681 - 608

1993 892 916 685 - 605

1994 894 937 685 - 587

1995 900 946 687 - 585

1996 907 945 671 - 580

1997 922 947 688 - 591

1998 940 967 736 - 613

1999 951 982 751 - 625

2000 954 985 759 $1,019 621

2001 970 997 766 1,059 637

2002 967 1,000 746 1,077 642

2003 968 996 773 1,075 646

2004 967 993 772 1,088 651

2005 948 975 734 1,083 642

2006 944 967 751 1,121 642

2007 947 974 742 1,157 643

2008 950 982 738 1,150 665

2009 978 1,010 742 1,137 680

2010 968 999 744 1,100 658

2011 948 975 744 1,105 650

2012 953 981 742 1,177 661

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019 

annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 73

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one 

race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians 

constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research 

series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2013 945 971 730 1,164 653

2014 942 970 735 1,168 666

2015 965 992 734 1,218 681

2016 974 1,003 765 1,226 706

2017 981 1,013 740 1,259 719

2018 991 1,020 748 1,264 733

2019 1,007 1,036 769 1,336 747

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019 

annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

Total

1979 $872 $691 $819 $928 $1,132

1980 846 657 787 899 1,112

1981 835 650 775 878 1,103

1982 834 633 770 895 1,117

1983 841 627 762 890 1,130

1984 852 619 760 899 1,144

1985 861 614 757 907 1,150

1986 873 621 768 913 1,172

1987 870 613 769 909 1,218

1988 862 600 767 896 1,219

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 

1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 74

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

1989 852 593 749 902 1,216

1990 854 576 734 905 1,213

1991 857 563 728 897 1,222

1992 858 557 722 867 1,247

1993 858 549 726 864 1,250

1994 856 526 721 854 1,255

1995 853 517 722 849 1,249

1996 847 516 721 844 1,235

1997 860 511 734 852 1,240

1998 899 530 753 877 1,291

1999 911 532 754 892 1,323

2000 906 539 751 887 1,326

2001 912 553 753 893 1,333

2002 920 553 762 896 1,340

2003 922 552 772 890 1,343

2004 927 544 779 897 1,338

2005 913 537 765 879 1,329

2006 912 532 756 879 1,320

2007 912 529 747 870 1,325

2008 906 539 736 860 1,327

2009 925 542 748 867 1,358

2010 919 522 736 863 1,344

2011 908 514 727 842 1,310

2012 910 526 728 836 1,300

2013 909 519 715 822 1,312

2014 907 528 722 823 1,290

2015 928 532 731 822 1,327

2016 942 537 737 830 1,341

2017 946 542 742 832 1,334

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 

1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 75

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

2018 949 563 743 841 1,348

2019 969 592 746 856 1,367

Women

1979 $641 $500 $609 $694 $868

1980 630 485 595 683 858

1981 631 474 588 691 862

1982 651 469 602 699 883

1983 657 478 603 706 904

1984 666 471 609 718 918

1985 673 459 609 720 941

1986 688 464 618 737 973

1987 693 462 622 749 1,006

1988 698 460 621 750 1,010

1989 701 461 607 756 1,012

1990 702 456 599 751 1,017

1991 710 459 602 750 1,031

1992 717 459 604 729 1,065

1993 726 460 607 738 1,068

1994 721 440 601 724 1,086

1995 716 438 595 714 1,077

1996 723 436 594 720 1,070

1997 736 438 602 731 1,070

1998 763 445 623 748 1,112

1999 765 446 623 751 1,138

2000 768 452 625 751 1,125

2001 786 457 641 753 1,137

2002 809 463 652 774 1,152

2003 813 458 660 780 1,159

2004 813 453 662 783 1,167

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 

1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 76

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

2005 803 448 647 770 1,159

2006 797 455 635 765 1,150

2007 799 456 633 753 1,152

2008 798 450 619 748 1,137

2009 821 456 648 753 1,159

2010 827 456 638 750 1,159

2011 818 450 631 735 1,137

2012 811 431 626 735 1,117

2013 813 440 630 722 1,146

2014 813 442 625 715 1,134

2015 821 451 632 716 1,148

2016 835 450 638 733 1,173

2017 845 466 636 730 1,179

2018 845 478 627 730 1,166

2019 865 494 633 737 1,195

Men

1979 $1,033 $829 $1,013 $1,082 $1,303

1980 1,003 790 967 1,059 1,263

1981 1,008 775 965 1,054 1,287

1982 1,003 747 954 1,048 1,283

1983 998 738 951 1,034 1,270

1984 993 725 939 1,049 1,322

1985 1,007 714 925 1,073 1,341

1986 1,033 717 929 1,083 1,379

1987 1,030 700 914 1,073 1,410

1988 1,015 692 910 1,048 1,415

1989 998 691 898 1,032 1,407

1990 973 663 873 1,030 1,409

1991 960 640 862 1,033 1,402

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 

1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 77

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

1992 961 629 858 995 1,418

1993 970 622 851 1,000 1,409

1994 986 586 849 1,005 1,414

1995 983 580 848 997 1,413

1996 976 581 840 984 1,423

1997 979 581 852 989 1,427

1998 1,005 602 879 1,011 1,476

1999 1,028 608 892 1,023 1,503

2000 1,031 604 879 1,028 1,518

2001 1,042 606 881 1,046 1,544

2002 1,043 600 879 1,041 1,553

2003 1,036 597 875 1,031 1,575

2004 1,034 605 875 1,033 1,551

2005 1,012 597 856 1,005 1,531

2006 1,013 596 861 1,011 1,531

2007 1,017 595 852 1,001 1,536

2008 1,020 592 844 988 1,530

2009 1,043 597 855 998 1,585

2010 1,027 571 834 993 1,563

2011 1,009 556 820 957 1,517

2012 1,016 567 820 956 1,530

2013 1,002 549 804 943 1,533

2014 997 559 812 943 1,497

2015 1,022 561 819 953 1,532

2016 1,032 587 819 954 1,559

2017 1,039 609 831 956 1,544

2018 1,045 618 834 968 1,552

2019 1,070 644 844 991 1,573

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 

1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 78

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes 

section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

Total

1979 $14.61 $11.48 $10.20 $13.22 $16.81 $17.11 $17.40 $16.97 $16.35 $10.62

1980 14.26 10.98 9.53 12.69 16.42 16.75 17.04 16.72 15.95 10.53

1981 13.96 10.76 9.70 12.49 16.23 16.50 16.80 16.29 15.75 10.62

1982 13.78 10.33 9.18 11.89 16.02 16.20 16.86 16.38 15.59 10.51

1983 13.70 10.00 8.85 11.50 16.05 15.93 16.94 16.50 15.71 10.78

1984 13.72 9.84 8.59 11.34 16.09 15.93 16.87 16.66 15.58 10.89

1985 13.70 9.68 8.34 11.23 16.02 15.73 17.02 16.75 15.70 10.77

1986 13.84 9.84 8.28 11.29 16.14 15.65 17.39 17.25 16.00 11.09

1987 13.97 9.91 8.23 11.25 16.11 15.53 17.15 16.98 16.03 10.97

1988 14.02 9.98 8.40 11.21 16.12 15.48 17.02 17.00 15.58 10.90

1989 13.95 9.88 8.42 11.28 15.85 15.25 17.09 16.81 15.61 10.82

1990 13.75 9.81 8.54 11.24 15.51 15.02 16.77 16.71 15.25 10.93

1991 13.76 9.65 8.61 11.01 15.56 14.75 16.83 16.72 15.03 10.90

1992 13.84 9.62 8.48 10.81 15.65 14.64 16.81 17.06 15.20 11.00

1993 13.76 9.63 8.39 10.75 15.65 14.46 16.80 17.24 15.56 11.17

1994 13.72 9.62 8.41 10.65 15.62 14.35 16.99 17.16 15.45 10.94

1995 13.66 9.70 8.43 10.74 15.65 14.57 16.76 16.94 15.38 11.12

1996 13.68 9.67 8.42 10.90 15.67 14.36 16.51 16.68 15.29 11.03

1997 13.93 9.79 8.77 11.00 15.72 14.39 16.50 16.88 15.49 10.97

1998 14.31 10.35 9.25 11.38 15.93 15.17 17.08 17.23 15.85 11.64

1999 14.66 10.57 9.35 11.91 16.11 15.35 16.95 17.43 15.97 11.85

2000 14.75 10.77 9.54 12.01 16.19 15.15 16.89 17.59 16.10 11.98

2001 14.75 11.13 9.78 12.13 16.50 15.44 17.32 17.61 16.45 12.34

2002 14.91 11.13 9.84 12.07 16.85 15.64 17.35 17.75 16.88 12.92

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 79

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

2003 15.11 11.00 9.65 12.06 16.78 15.67 17.35 18.06 16.98 12.80

2004 14.93 10.83 9.50 11.91 16.59 15.43 17.49 17.95 17.07 13.05

2005 14.69 10.59 9.25 11.69 16.38 15.43 17.20 17.69 16.99 13.03

2006 14.94 10.47 9.19 11.64 16.44 15.18 17.14 17.83 16.94 12.90

2007 14.77 10.69 9.36 11.94 16.27 14.89 17.22 17.79 16.95 12.82

2008 14.56 10.56 9.33 11.62 16.44 14.88 17.12 17.70 16.90 12.96

2009 14.86 10.63 9.46 11.67 16.62 15.05 17.43 17.74 17.56 13.73

2010 14.69 10.46 9.40 11.20 16.43 14.72 17.17 17.60 17.50 13.57

2011 14.48 10.22 9.18 10.95 16.08 14.48 16.89 17.08 17.16 13.88

2012 14.29 10.10 9.04 10.83 15.90 14.31 16.58 16.82 17.18 13.63

2013 14.21 10.07 9.00 10.80 15.93 14.15 16.46 16.67 17.16 13.70

2014 14.21 10.32 9.11 10.79 16.00 14.19 16.34 16.64 16.61 14.08

2015 14.50 10.63 9.55 10.94 16.08 14.67 16.35 17.09 17.16 14.11

2016 14.91 10.78 9.80 11.49 16.11 14.91 16.79 17.35 17.25 14.66

2017 15.26 11.14 10.21 11.84 16.32 15.46 16.79 17.43 17.54 14.93

2018 15.26 11.36 10.21 12.18 16.41 15.38 17.25 17.33 17.58 14.61

2019 15.35 11.94 10.21 12.54 16.87 15.90 17.52 17.52 17.85 15.03

Women

1979 $11.91 $10.49 $9.97 $11.58 $12.83 $13.29 $13.06 $12.63 $12.34 $10.26

1980 11.69 10.21 9.29 11.21 12.54 13.14 12.69 12.51 12.07 10.00

1981 11.60 10.05 9.54 11.08 12.71 13.25 12.93 12.44 12.01 10.05

1982 11.76 9.64 9.06 10.69 12.81 13.24 12.96 12.63 12.24 10.03

1983 11.76 9.36 8.70 10.44 12.82 13.33 13.01 12.72 12.43 10.20

1984 11.69 9.25 8.45 10.26 12.89 13.18 13.20 12.96 12.40 10.28

1985 11.66 9.11 8.20 10.36 13.02 13.16 13.43 13.09 12.41 10.07

1986 11.90 9.17 8.15 10.51 13.28 13.28 13.68 13.37 12.83 10.56

1987 12.10 9.11 8.01 10.56 13.30 13.26 13.71 13.56 13.02 10.48

1988 12.17 9.33 8.15 10.52 13.42 13.25 14.08 13.73 12.67 10.67

1989 12.20 9.36 8.18 10.44 13.53 13.33 14.17 13.77 12.73 10.26

1990 12.24 9.41 8.27 10.59 13.44 13.33 14.01 13.61 12.79 10.36

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 80

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

1991 12.39 9.32 8.51 10.48 13.47 13.19 14.18 13.96 12.75 10.57

1992 12.47 9.25 8.41 10.34 13.71 13.35 14.32 14.23 12.90 10.70

1993 12.45 9.21 8.27 10.42 13.76 13.30 14.27 14.30 13.22 10.80

1994 12.41 9.11 8.27 10.24 13.78 13.32 14.45 14.49 13.39 10.68

1995 12.47 9.18 8.26 10.18 13.66 13.24 14.43 14.58 13.26 10.79

1996 12.59 9.25 8.29 10.20 13.73 13.13 14.48 14.56 13.14 10.50

1997 12.64 9.47 8.63 10.43 13.93 13.06 14.55 14.75 13.23 10.88

1998 12.94 9.81 9.09 10.90 14.36 13.84 15.19 15.38 13.92 11.34

1999 13.29 10.15 9.20 11.11 14.66 14.00 15.12 15.31 14.35 11.54

2000 13.48 10.42 9.27 11.61 14.72 14.42 14.93 15.15 14.64 11.71

2001 13.95 10.49 9.57 11.58 14.76 14.38 15.11 15.70 15.04 11.78

2002 14.09 10.61 9.69 11.55 15.26 14.42 15.64 15.93 15.40 12.44

2003 14.04 10.57 9.54 11.41 15.33 14.64 15.56 16.42 15.39 12.31

2004 13.80 10.46 9.31 11.29 15.24 14.41 15.54 16.21 15.70 12.43

2005 13.53 10.24 9.08 11.15 15.20 14.25 15.54 15.92 15.56 12.89

2006 13.53 10.15 9.03 11.21 15.08 14.07 15.31 15.58 15.40 12.67

2007 13.57 10.07 9.16 11.12 14.89 13.86 15.28 15.88 15.12 12.55

2008 13.68 10.04 9.18 10.90 14.86 13.95 15.35 15.67 15.48 12.54

2009 14.05 10.25 9.34 10.98 15.24 14.29 15.53 15.64 16.24 13.27

2010 13.90 10.13 9.29 10.67 15.14 14.15 15.42 15.86 16.08 13.14

2011 13.64 9.94 9.07 10.43 14.92 13.80 15.31 15.67 15.98 13.39

2012 13.38 9.80 8.95 10.23 14.70 13.56 15.02 15.40 16.03 13.21

2013 13.32 9.81 8.89 10.33 14.68 13.44 15.13 15.32 15.97 13.43

2014 13.17 9.88 8.96 10.56 14.59 13.24 15.14 15.29 15.34 13.48

2015 13.55 10.29 9.44 10.73 15.02 13.91 15.24 15.97 15.93 13.66

2016 13.86 10.65 9.66 10.92 15.15 13.93 15.71 15.94 16.08 13.87

2017 14.14 10.72 10.00 11.47 15.46 14.60 15.56 15.81 15.86 14.47

2018 14.32 11.13 10.09 11.89 15.32 14.91 15.50 15.48 15.91 14.02

2019 14.85 11.59 10.09 12.07 15.58 15.10 15.90 15.97 16.18 14.78

Men

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 81

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

1979 $18.59 $12.83 $10.49 $15.26 $22.01 $20.99 $23.42 $23.36 $21.68 $11.71

1980 18.05 12.13 9.97 14.56 21.36 20.50 23.11 23.02 21.42 11.21

1981 17.80 11.68 9.86 13.85 21.08 19.86 22.49 23.01 21.36 11.41

1982 17.47 11.17 9.34 13.06 20.61 19.57 22.68 22.65 20.77 11.38

1983 16.96 10.74 9.00 12.38 20.37 18.97 22.60 22.45 21.42 11.64

1984 16.75 10.75 8.75 12.14 20.24 18.54 22.38 22.80 20.85 11.55

1985 16.66 10.64 8.52 11.89 20.11 18.18 22.27 22.66 20.55 11.34

1986 16.94 10.69 8.53 12.12 20.13 17.92 22.30 22.66 21.29 11.56

1987 16.78 10.60 8.53 12.27 19.78 17.84 21.81 22.12 20.99 11.49

1988 16.48 10.48 8.62 12.06 19.54 17.52 21.29 22.27 20.29 11.50

1989 16.17 10.32 8.76 12.02 19.38 17.09 21.14 21.72 19.96 11.78

1990 15.72 10.34 8.82 11.75 18.71 16.79 20.40 21.16 19.33 11.56

1991 15.76 10.24 8.70 11.43 18.31 16.40 20.15 21.49 18.50 11.41

1992 15.54 10.13 8.60 11.18 18.03 16.16 19.59 21.54 18.62 11.56

1993 15.49 10.05 8.51 11.07 17.80 15.91 19.51 21.24 19.16 11.73

1994 15.41 10.07 8.53 11.23 17.62 15.58 19.69 20.72 18.94 11.37

1995 15.43 10.10 8.60 11.40 17.94 15.82 19.88 20.60 18.58 11.45

1996 15.50 10.05 8.55 11.38 17.56 15.80 19.40 20.20 18.16 11.47

1997 15.65 10.27 8.93 11.43 17.68 15.80 19.22 20.38 18.77 11.08

1998 15.82 10.86 9.40 12.23 18.43 16.07 19.62 20.50 19.21 12.17

1999 15.86 10.95 9.51 12.35 18.46 16.68 19.66 21.05 18.78 12.09

2000 16.09 11.35 9.88 12.49 18.21 16.32 19.55 20.68 19.06 12.37

2001 16.38 11.59 9.99 12.91 18.64 16.76 20.14 20.62 18.74 13.02

2002 16.58 11.47 10.00 12.65 18.59 16.94 19.89 20.51 19.06 13.93

2003 16.56 11.34 9.78 12.53 18.45 16.73 19.68 20.79 19.62 13.64

2004 16.31 11.14 9.70 12.31 18.64 16.32 19.81 20.50 19.73 13.43

2005 15.96 11.05 9.46 12.07 18.25 15.97 19.53 19.86 19.41 13.18

2006 16.11 11.17 9.44 12.39 18.13 16.05 19.14 20.38 19.11 13.62

2007 16.01 11.29 9.60 12.31 18.23 15.86 18.75 19.96 19.10 13.61

2008 16.02 11.00 9.50 11.90 17.89 16.04 19.07 20.02 18.93 13.69

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 82

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes 

section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

2009 16.44 11.02 9.62 11.94 18.00 15.77 19.24 20.30 19.22 14.34

2010 16.17 10.82 9.51 11.63 17.67 15.39 18.60 19.85 19.33 14.01

2011 15.72 10.51 9.29 11.28 17.21 15.01 18.26 19.23 19.44 14.64

2012 15.49 10.54 9.14 11.13 16.93 14.82 17.91 18.96 19.29 14.54

2013 15.38 10.63 9.20 10.99 16.78 14.75 17.81 18.87 18.99 14.15

2014 15.56 10.69 9.33 10.97 17.04 15.22 17.89 18.82 18.88 15.11

2015 15.83 10.82 9.68 11.48 17.11 15.29 17.78 18.93 19.41 15.26

2016 15.93 10.91 10.10 11.87 17.31 15.79 18.32 19.20 19.22 15.74

2017 15.85 11.46 10.30 12.39 17.73 15.80 18.65 19.54 19.40 15.57

2018 16.30 11.96 10.34 12.40 18.09 16.16 18.78 19.34 19.92 15.17

2019 16.76 12.20 10.56 13.12 18.05 16.63 19.16 19.24 19.80 15.81

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 

dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

1979 $14.61 $14.84 $13.52 - $13.42

1980 14.26 14.44 13.14 - 13.14

1981 13.96 14.04 13.28 - 13.04

1982 13.78 13.95 12.91 - 12.78

1983 13.70 13.87 12.62 - 12.48

1984 13.72 13.88 12.61 - 12.40

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019 

annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 83

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1985 13.70 13.86 12.50 - 12.43

1986 13.84 14.02 12.95 - 12.61

1987 13.97 14.17 12.94 - 12.57

1988 14.02 14.19 12.81 - 12.40

1989 13.95 14.13 12.83 - 12.12

1990 13.75 13.94 12.95 - 11.94

1991 13.76 13.96 12.84 - 11.85

1992 13.84 14.01 12.65 - 11.92

1993 13.76 13.93 12.55 - 11.94

1994 13.72 13.89 12.48 - 11.87

1995 13.66 13.91 12.81 - 11.71

1996 13.68 13.96 12.64 - 11.68

1997 13.93 14.14 12.75 - 11.77

1998 14.31 14.50 13.19 - 12.45

1999 14.66 14.98 13.62 - 12.42

2000 14.75 14.82 13.90 $14.99 12.71

2001 14.75 14.85 14.15 15.56 13.11

2002 14.91 15.26 14.15 14.76 13.13

2003 15.11 15.28 14.14 15.49 13.59

2004 14.93 15.10 13.83 15.06 13.31

2005 14.69 15.07 13.35 15.76 13.06

2006 14.94 15.07 13.55 15.92 12.86

2007 14.77 14.93 13.46 15.11 12.66

2008 14.56 14.93 13.33 15.49 13.06

2009 14.86 15.13 13.91 15.72 13.19

2010 14.69 14.97 13.83 15.53 12.78

2011 14.48 14.70 13.43 15.21 12.59

2012 14.29 14.55 13.21 14.77 12.41

2013 14.21 14.45 13.08 14.97 12.36

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019 

annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 84

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2014 14.21 14.67 12.84 15.14 12.79

2015 14.50 14.96 13.01 15.31 12.99

2016 14.91 15.17 13.30 15.75 13.51

2017 15.26 15.53 13.45 15.70 13.72

2018 15.26 15.44 13.89 15.52 14.25

2019 15.35 15.85 14.66 16.13 14.86

Women

1979 $11.91 $11.91 $11.68 - $11.32

1980 11.69 11.72 11.48 - 11.18

1981 11.60 11.60 11.36 - 11.11

1982 11.76 11.76 11.45 - 11.05

1983 11.76 11.79 11.57 - 10.83

1984 11.69 11.72 11.46 - 10.94

1985 11.66 11.68 11.45 - 10.95

1986 11.90 11.94 11.54 - 11.16

1987 12.10 12.14 11.66 - 11.04

1988 12.17 12.21 11.69 - 11.00

1989 12.20 12.24 11.74 - 11.04

1990 12.24 12.28 11.84 - 11.03

1991 12.39 12.40 12.02 - 10.97

1992 12.47 12.53 11.90 - 11.06

1993 12.45 12.52 12.01 - 11.03

1994 12.41 12.57 11.87 - 10.96

1995 12.47 12.61 11.91 - 11.04

1996 12.59 12.69 11.73 - 11.03

1997 12.64 12.74 12.09 - 10.86

1998 12.94 13.10 12.42 - 11.35

1999 13.29 13.43 12.51 - 11.48

2000 13.48 13.53 13.18 $14.54 11.74

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019 

annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 85

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2001 13.95 14.08 13.24 14.57 11.98

2002 14.09 14.16 13.46 14.39 12.17

2003 14.04 14.08 13.80 14.87 12.37

2004 13.80 13.85 13.47 14.34 12.27

2005 13.53 13.78 13.03 15.28 12.05

2006 13.53 13.68 12.85 15.18 12.07

2007 13.57 13.67 12.92 14.62 12.11

2008 13.68 13.93 12.83 14.58 11.99

2009 14.05 14.13 13.15 15.14 12.05

2010 13.90 13.96 13.16 14.58 11.88

2011 13.64 13.72 12.85 14.58 11.67

2012 13.38 13.48 12.53 14.23 11.40

2013 13.32 13.42 12.68 14.33 11.53

2014 13.17 13.38 12.51 14.30 11.59

2015 13.55 13.83 12.62 14.89 11.95

2016 13.86 14.06 12.88 14.98 12.56

2017 14.14 14.46 13.09 14.84 12.61

2018 14.32 14.53 13.26 15.22 13.03

2019 14.85 14.93 14.00 15.29 13.74

Men

1979 $18.59 $19.05 $16.09 - $15.76

1980 18.05 18.43 15.33 - 14.88

1981 17.80 18.18 15.75 - 14.55

1982 17.47 17.81 15.23 - 14.62

1983 16.96 17.33 14.61 - 14.24

1984 16.75 17.08 14.49 - 14.21

1985 16.66 17.23 13.98 - 13.80

1986 16.94 17.37 14.67 - 13.82

1987 16.78 17.13 14.56 - 13.76

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019 

annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 86

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1988 16.48 16.79 14.46 - 13.56

1989 16.17 16.53 14.11 - 13.29

1990 15.72 16.25 14.01 - 12.81

1991 15.76 16.18 13.89 - 12.62

1992 15.54 15.93 13.66 - 12.53

1993 15.49 15.86 13.41 - 12.45

1994 15.41 15.77 13.56 - 12.28

1995 15.43 16.09 13.65 - 12.14

1996 15.50 15.94 13.32 - 12.41

1997 15.65 15.86 13.81 - 12.58

1998 15.82 16.01 14.29 - 12.96

1999 15.86 16.32 15.03 - 13.25

2000 16.09 16.29 14.85 $16.06 13.45

2001 16.38 16.80 14.73 17.13 13.99

2002 16.58 16.89 14.59 15.70 14.13

2003 16.56 16.75 15.06 16.56 13.97

2004 16.31 16.50 14.76 16.15 13.60

2005 15.96 16.36 14.30 16.73 13.37

2006 16.11 16.37 14.51 16.75 13.77

2007 16.01 16.34 14.30 16.34 13.68

2008 16.02 16.49 14.27 16.70 14.08

2009 16.44 16.67 14.66 16.74 14.24

2010 16.17 16.42 14.29 16.58 13.78

2011 15.72 15.97 13.74 16.23 13.45

2012 15.49 15.81 13.62 15.79 13.35

2013 15.38 15.65 13.36 15.65 13.18

2014 15.56 16.06 13.20 15.85 13.38

2015 15.83 16.11 13.66 16.04 13.94

2016 15.93 16.11 13.91 16.02 14.73

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019 

annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 87

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one 

race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians 

constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research 

series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2017 15.85 16.47 13.91 17.36 14.98

2018 16.30 16.83 14.48 17.00 15.29

2019 16.76 17.10 14.98 17.22 15.25

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019 

annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

Total

1979 $241 $172 $144 $186 $265 $255 $280 $276 $262 $198

1980 262 187 154 200 286 276 302 298 285 203

1981 284 200 161 213 308 296 326 320 309 222

1982 302 208 164 220 327 311 354 345 325 253

1983 313 211 164 223 343 321 370 367 346 261

1984 326 217 169 231 362 335 389 385 366 272

1985 344 224 174 240 379 349 406 400 381 297

1986 359 232 178 248 391 360 419 416 397 298

1987 374 243 186 259 403 373 435 429 405 310

1988 385 249 196 266 414 383 450 453 419 323

1989 399 259 204 276 427 394 472 472 431 334

1990 412 269 209 285 449 407 486 489 457 343

1991 426 277 213 291 467 415 498 507 469 381

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 88

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

1992 440 276 212 290 479 422 503 522 483 378

1993 459 282 214 297 491 436 517 542 492 393

1994 467 286 221 300 500 439 537 566 501 384

1995 479 292 231 306 510 451 550 582 514 389

1996 490 298 240 312 520 463 559 594 535 384

1997 503 306 252 321 540 481 579 607 558 393

1998 523 319 268 339 572 502 597 620 592 405

1999 549 341 281 363 592 518 611 652 604 404

2000 576 361 297 383 609 549 625 669 620 463

2001 596 375 305 394 630 576 657 693 638 488

2002 608 381 305 399 646 591 668 706 674 502

2003 620 387 311 402 662 594 687 723 708 516

2004 638 390 309 406 683 604 713 743 725 560

2005 651 397 318 411 696 610 731 748 742 569

2006 671 409 324 423 718 621 748 773 765 583

2007 695 424 337 450 738 643 769 790 803 605

2008 722 443 349 467 761 666 804 822 825 644

2009 739 442 344 464 774 678 817 838 841 684

2010 747 432 347 454 782 682 824 844 860 684

2011 756 440 352 457 797 693 837 866 881 742

2012 768 444 356 464 815 707 858 878 897 757

2013 776 454 373 472 827 708 874 883 904 801

2014 791 477 378 491 839 726 881 899 911 824

2015 809 487 389 501 860 735 900 923 927 873

2016 832 501 405 513 885 751 934 955 952 866

2017 860 519 424 540 907 773 964 977 974 909

2018 886 548 449 576 932 808 986 1,002 994 944

2019 917 581 481 598 969 846 1,035 1,033 1,017 936

Women

1979 $182 $154 $132 $161 $195 $199 $196 $192 $189 $170

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 89

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

1980 201 167 145 175 213 218 214 209 205 175

1981 219 180 154 191 233 239 238 225 222 189

1982 239 192 158 201 255 258 258 252 245 211

1983 252 198 158 207 268 272 272 264 257 212

1984 265 203 162 213 283 285 292 279 270 219

1985 277 211 166 221 296 296 307 292 285 242

1986 291 219 170 231 308 306 319 308 296 256

1987 303 227 172 242 321 316 337 324 308 261

1988 315 235 184 251 335 327 354 339 317 280

1989 328 246 197 260 351 340 370 357 333 292

1990 346 254 198 269 369 356 390 377 348 300

1991 366 266 205 280 387 371 407 398 363 319

1992 380 267 205 280 400 382 418 417 376 328

1993 393 273 205 289 415 395 435 440 395 335

1994 399 276 211 290 421 397 448 450 398 336

1995 406 275 215 291 428 403 453 464 403 353

1996 418 284 223 298 444 415 463 481 420 334

1997 431 292 240 306 462 427 482 495 433 348

1998 456 305 249 319 485 451 498 516 476 350

1999 473 324 266 343 497 470 503 534 492 370

2000 493 344 283 366 516 493 521 564 508 392

2001 512 353 288 375 543 512 547 587 536 390

2002 529 367 295 385 568 530 571 602 574 430

2003 552 371 299 387 584 546 590 609 601 435

2004 573 375 293 391 599 561 608 625 615 478

2005 585 381 304 396 612 573 621 644 639 492

2006 600 395 305 413 627 583 645 659 658 510

2007 614 409 318 426 646 597 668 677 679 534

2008 638 420 322 445 670 623 682 707 711 563

2009 657 424 323 445 687 634 709 712 727 602

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 90

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

2010 669 422 336 439 704 648 731 730 736 601

2011 684 421 328 438 718 662 734 744 749 664

2012 691 416 330 429 727 666 747 746 766 667

2013 706 423 350 442 740 665 767 761 779 691

2014 719 451 357 468 752 679 781 780 780 740

2015 726 450 364 468 761 690 804 799 784 740

2016 749 486 388 500 784 705 839 836 812 749

2017 770 499 402 514 810 724 860 855 856 782

2018 789 522 421 546 830 750 876 876 853 811

2019 821 540 427 563 865 788 920 904 880 815

Men

1979 $292 $196 $155 $211 $314 $295 $336 $338 $312 $219

1980 313 208 162 224 339 314 367 367 345 229

1981 340 218 168 237 372 340 397 396 377 266

1982 364 225 170 244 393 358 422 419 399 300

1983 379 223 168 242 407 371 442 444 416 308

1984 392 231 174 250 422 382 471 470 439 328

1985 407 241 183 258 443 394 487 489 467 367

1986 419 246 186 264 463 402 499 506 484 358

1987 434 257 196 275 477 412 510 520 495 380

1988 449 262 205 279 487 421 517 549 509 395

1989 468 271 209 290 500 434 542 569 521 393

1990 481 282 218 298 512 449 560 591 546 403

1991 493 285 219 300 523 458 576 612 563 467

1992 501 284 218 297 536 466 581 634 579 421

1993 510 288 221 303 555 476 596 653 586 451

1994 522 294 228 307 576 479 617 671 603 441

1995 538 303 244 315 588 490 624 685 623 441

1996 557 307 251 321 599 499 632 698 643 477

1997 579 317 262 338 615 515 651 713 669 452

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 91

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

1998 598 334 281 357 639 544 677 732 699 482

1999 618 356 291 379 668 577 702 763 725 470

2000 641 375 306 395 693 598 728 771 735 522

2001 670 391 319 408 720 617 754 799 760 565

2002 679 391 312 410 732 627 759 807 802 583

2003 695 398 321 412 744 628 775 834 827 612

2004 713 400 318 417 762 639 804 857 843 641

2005 722 409 330 422 771 644 822 853 855 644

2006 743 418 348 435 797 661 836 897 902 658

2007 766 443 357 472 823 687 873 909 933 686

2008 798 461 369 481 857 704 915 944 943 753

2009 819 458 356 479 873 715 916 967 965 791

2010 824 443 355 468 874 714 915 954 979 794

2011 832 455 370 470 886 717 935 979 997 821

2012 854 468 373 482 910 738 957 994 1,005 860

2013 860 479 390 492 912 744 956 994 1,011 937

2014 871 493 392 507 922 755 964 1,011 1,021 942

2015 895 510 407 522 947 770 983 1,040 1,064 1,003

2016 915 512 419 523 969 794 1,007 1,075 1,102 992

2017 941 547 459 570 996 821 1,062 1,103 1,098 1,016

2018 973 575 471 592 1,026 862 1,101 1,137 1,137 1,050

2019 1,007 607 506 623 1,070 897 1,149 1,169 1,166 1,066

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 92

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

Total

1979 $241 $248 $199 - $194

1980 262 269 212 - 209

1981 284 291 235 - 223

1982 302 310 245 - 240

1983 313 320 261 - 250

1984 326 336 269 - 259

1985 344 356 277 - 270

1986 359 371 291 - 277

1987 374 384 301 - 285

1988 385 395 314 - 290

1989 399 409 319 - 298

1990 412 424 329 - 304

1991 426 442 348 - 312

1992 440 458 357 - 321

1993 459 475 369 - 331

1994 467 484 371 - 324

1995 479 494 383 - 329

1996 490 506 387 - 339

1997 503 519 400 - 351

1998 523 545 426 - 370

1999 549 573 445 - 385

2000 576 590 474 $615 399

2001 596 610 491 639 417

2002 608 623 498 658 424

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2019 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 93

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

2003 620 636 514 693 440

2004 638 657 525 708 456

2005 651 672 520 753 471

2006 671 690 554 784 486

2007 695 716 569 830 503

2008 722 742 589 861 529

2009 739 757 601 880 541

2010 747 765 611 855 535

2011 756 775 615 866 549

2012 768 792 621 920 568

2013 776 802 629 942 578

2014 791 816 639 953 594

2015 809 835 641 993 604

2016 832 862 678 1,021 624

2017 860 890 682 1,043 655

2018 886 916 694 1,095 680

2019 917 945 735 1,174 706

Women

1979 $182 $184 $169 - $157

1980 201 203 185 - 172

1981 219 221 206 - 190

1982 239 242 217 - 203

1983 252 254 232 - 215

1984 265 268 241 - 223

1985 277 281 252 - 230

1986 291 294 264 - 241

1987 303 307 276 - 251

1988 315 318 288 - 260

1989 328 334 301 - 269

1990 346 353 308 - 278

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2019 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 94

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

1991 366 373 323 - 292

1992 380 387 335 - 302

1993 393 401 348 - 313

1994 399 408 346 - 305

1995 406 415 355 - 305

1996 418 428 362 - 316

1997 431 444 375 - 318

1998 456 468 400 - 337

1999 473 483 409 - 348

2000 493 502 429 $547 366

2001 512 522 454 563 388

2002 529 547 473 566 397

2003 552 567 491 598 410

2004 573 584 505 613 419

2005 585 596 499 665 429

2006 600 609 519 699 440

2007 614 626 533 731 473

2008 638 654 554 753 501

2009 657 669 582 779 509

2010 669 684 592 773 508

2011 684 703 595 751 518

2012 691 710 599 770 521

2013 706 722 606 819 541

2014 719 734 611 841 548

2015 726 743 615 877 566

2016 749 766 641 902 586

2017 770 795 657 903 603

2018 789 817 654 937 617

2019 821 840 704 1,025 642

Men

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2019 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 95

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

1979 $292 $298 $227 - $219

1980 313 320 244 - 234

1981 340 350 268 - 251

1982 364 375 278 - 269

1983 379 387 294 - 274

1984 392 401 303 - 287

1985 407 418 305 - 296

1986 419 433 319 - 299

1987 434 450 327 - 306

1988 449 465 348 - 308

1989 468 482 348 - 315

1990 481 494 361 - 318

1991 493 506 375 - 323

1992 501 514 380 - 339

1993 510 524 392 - 346

1994 522 547 400 - 343

1995 538 566 411 - 350

1996 557 580 412 - 356

1997 579 595 432 - 371

1998 598 615 468 - 390

1999 618 638 488 - 406

2000 641 662 510 $685 417

2001 670 689 529 732 440

2002 679 702 524 756 451

2003 695 715 555 772 464

2004 713 732 569 802 480

2005 722 743 559 825 489

2006 743 761 591 882 505

2007 766 788 600 936 520

2008 798 825 620 966 559

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2019 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 96

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one 

race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians 

constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

2009 819 845 621 952 569

2010 824 850 633 936 560

2011 832 856 653 970 571

2012 854 879 665 1,055 592

2013 860 884 664 1,059 594

2014 871 897 680 1,080 616

2015 895 920 680 1,129 631

2016 915 942 718 1,151 663

2017 941 971 710 1,207 690

2018 973 1,002 735 1,241 720

2019 1,007 1,036 769 1,336 747

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2019 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

Total

1979 $265 $210 $249 $282 $344

1980 286 222 266 304 376

1981 308 240 286 324 407

1982 327 248 302 351 438

1983 343 256 311 363 461

1984 362 263 323 382 486

1985 379 270 333 399 506

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979-2019 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 97

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

1986 391 278 344 409 525

1987 403 284 356 421 564

1988 414 288 368 430 585

1989 427 297 375 452 609

1990 449 303 386 476 638

1991 467 307 397 489 666

1992 479 311 403 484 696

1993 491 314 415 494 715

1994 500 307 421 499 733

1995 510 309 432 508 747

1996 520 317 443 518 758

1997 540 321 461 535 779

1998 572 337 479 558 821

1999 592 346 490 580 860

2000 609 362 505 596 891

2001 630 382 520 617 921

2002 646 388 535 629 941

2003 662 396 554 639 964

2004 683 401 574 661 986

2005 696 409 583 670 1,013

2006 718 419 595 692 1,039

2007 738 428 604 704 1,072

2008 761 453 618 722 1,115

2009 774 454 626 726 1,137

2010 782 444 626 734 1,144

2011 797 451 638 739 1,150

2012 815 471 652 749 1,165

2013 827 472 651 748 1,194

2014 839 488 668 761 1,193

2015 860 493 678 762 1,230

2016 885 504 692 779 1,259

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979-2019 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 98

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

2017 907 520 712 798 1,279

2018 932 553 730 826 1,324

2019 969 592 746 856 1,367

Women

1979 $195 $152 $185 $211 $264

1980 213 164 201 231 290

1981 233 175 217 255 318

1982 255 184 236 274 346

1983 268 195 246 288 369

1984 283 200 259 305 390

1985 296 202 268 317 414

1986 308 208 277 330 436

1987 321 214 288 347 466

1988 335 221 298 360 485

1989 351 231 304 379 507

1990 369 240 315 395 535

1991 387 250 328 409 562

1992 400 256 337 407 594

1993 415 263 347 422 611

1994 421 257 351 423 634

1995 428 262 356 427 644

1996 444 268 365 442 657

1997 462 275 378 459 672

1998 485 283 396 476 707

1999 497 290 405 488 740

2000 516 304 420 505 756

2001 543 316 443 520 786

2002 568 325 458 543 809

2003 584 329 474 560 832

2004 599 334 488 577 860

2005 612 341 493 587 883

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979-2019 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 99

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

2006 627 358 500 602 905

2007 646 369 512 609 932

2008 670 378 520 628 955

2009 687 382 542 630 970

2010 704 388 543 638 986

2011 718 395 554 645 998

2012 727 386 561 659 1,001

2013 740 400 573 657 1,043

2014 752 409 578 661 1,049

2015 761 418 586 664 1,064

2016 784 423 599 688 1,101

2017 810 447 610 700 1,131

2018 830 469 616 717 1,145

2019 865 494 633 737 1,195

Men

1979 $314 $252 $308 $329 $396

1980 339 267 327 358 427

1981 372 286 356 389 475

1982 393 293 374 411 503

1983 407 301 388 422 518

1984 422 308 399 446 562

1985 443 314 407 472 590

1986 463 321 416 485 618

1987 477 324 423 497 653

1988 487 332 437 503 679

1989 500 346 450 517 705

1990 512 349 459 542 741

1991 523 349 470 563 764

1992 536 351 479 555 791

1993 555 356 487 572 806

1994 576 342 496 587 826

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979-2019 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 100

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

1995 588 347 507 596 845

1996 599 357 516 604 874

1997 615 365 535 621 896

1998 639 383 559 643 939

1999 668 395 580 665 977

2000 693 406 591 691 1,020

2001 720 419 609 723 1,067

2002 732 421 617 731 1,090

2003 744 429 628 740 1,131

2004 762 446 645 761 1,143

2005 771 455 652 766 1,167

2006 797 469 678 796 1,205

2007 823 481 689 810 1,243

2008 857 497 709 830 1,285

2009 873 500 716 835 1,327

2010 874 486 710 845 1,330

2011 886 488 720 840 1,332

2012 910 508 735 857 1,371

2013 912 500 732 858 1,395

2014 922 517 751 872 1,385

2015 947 520 759 883 1,420

2016 969 551 769 896 1,464

2017 996 584 797 917 1,481

2018 1,026 607 819 951 1,524

2019 1,070 644 844 991 1,573

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979-2019 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 101

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

Total

1979 $4.44 $3.49 $3.10 $4.02 $5.11 $5.20 $5.29 $5.16 $4.97 $3.23

1980 4.82 3.71 3.22 4.29 5.55 5.66 5.76 5.65 5.39 3.56

1981 5.15 3.97 3.58 4.61 5.99 6.09 6.20 6.01 5.81 3.92

1982 5.40 4.05 3.60 4.66 6.28 6.35 6.61 6.42 6.11 4.12

1983 5.59 4.08 3.61 4.69 6.55 6.50 6.91 6.73 6.41 4.40

1984 5.83 4.18 3.65 4.82 6.84 6.77 7.17 7.08 6.62 4.63

1985 6.03 4.26 3.67 4.94 7.05 6.92 7.49 7.37 6.91 4.74

1986 6.20 4.41 3.71 5.06 7.23 7.01 7.79 7.73 7.17 4.97

1987 6.47 4.59 3.81 5.21 7.46 7.19 7.94 7.86 7.42 5.08

1988 6.73 4.79 4.03 5.38 7.74 7.43 8.17 8.16 7.48 5.23

1989 6.99 4.95 4.22 5.65 7.94 7.64 8.56 8.42 7.82 5.42

1990 7.23 5.16 4.49 5.91 8.16 7.90 8.82 8.79 8.02 5.75

1991 7.50 5.26 4.69 6.00 8.48 8.04 9.17 9.11 8.19 5.94

1992 7.72 5.37 4.73 6.03 8.73 8.17 9.38 9.52 8.48 6.14

1993 7.87 5.51 4.80 6.15 8.95 8.27 9.61 9.86 8.90 6.39

1994 8.01 5.62 4.91 6.22 9.12 8.38 9.92 10.02 9.02 6.39

1995 8.17 5.80 5.04 6.42 9.36 8.71 10.02 10.13 9.20 6.65

1996 8.40 5.94 5.17 6.69 9.62 8.82 10.14 10.24 9.39 6.77

1997 8.75 6.15 5.51 6.91 9.87 9.04 10.36 10.60 9.73 6.89

1998 9.10 6.58 5.88 7.24 10.13 9.65 10.86 10.96 10.08 7.40

1999 9.53 6.87 6.08 7.74 10.47 9.98 11.02 11.33 10.38 7.70

2000 9.91 7.24 6.41 8.07 10.88 10.18 11.35 11.82 10.82 8.05

2001 10.19 7.69 6.76 8.38 11.40 10.67 11.97 12.17 11.37 8.53

2002 10.47 7.81 6.91 8.47 11.83 10.98 12.18 12.46 11.85 9.07

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 102

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2003 10.85 7.90 6.93 8.66 12.05 11.25 12.46 12.97 12.19 9.19

2004 11.00 7.98 7.00 8.78 12.23 11.37 12.89 13.23 12.58 9.62

2005 11.19 8.07 7.05 8.91 12.48 11.76 13.11 13.48 12.95 9.93

2006 11.76 8.24 7.23 9.16 12.94 11.95 13.49 14.03 13.33 10.15

2007 11.95 8.65 7.57 9.66 13.16 12.05 13.93 14.39 13.71 10.37

2008 12.23 8.87 7.84 9.76 13.81 12.50 14.38 14.87 14.20 10.89

2009 12.44 8.90 7.92 9.77 13.91 12.60 14.59 14.85 14.70 11.49

2010 12.50 8.90 8.00 9.53 13.98 12.53 14.61 14.98 14.89 11.55

2011 12.71 8.97 8.06 9.61 14.12 12.71 14.83 15.00 15.07 12.19

2012 12.80 9.05 8.10 9.70 14.25 12.82 14.86 15.07 15.39 12.21

2013 12.93 9.16 8.19 9.83 14.50 12.88 14.98 15.17 15.62 12.47

2014 13.14 9.55 8.43 9.98 14.80 13.13 15.11 15.39 15.36 13.02

2015 13.44 9.85 8.85 10.14 14.91 13.60 15.16 15.84 15.91 13.08

2016 14.00 10.12 9.20 10.79 15.13 14.00 15.77 16.29 16.20 13.77

2017 14.63 10.68 9.79 11.35 15.65 14.83 16.10 16.72 16.82 14.32

2018 14.99 11.16 10.03 11.96 16.11 15.10 16.94 17.02 17.26 14.35

2019 15.35 11.94 10.21 12.54 16.87 15.90 17.52 17.52 17.85 15.03

Women

1979 $3.62 $3.19 $3.03 $3.52 $3.90 $4.04 $3.97 $3.84 $3.75 $3.12

1980 3.95 3.45 3.14 3.79 4.24 4.44 4.29 4.23 4.08 3.38

1981 4.28 3.71 3.52 4.09 4.69 4.89 4.77 4.59 4.43 3.71

1982 4.61 3.78 3.55 4.19 5.02 5.19 5.08 4.95 4.80 3.93

1983 4.80 3.82 3.55 4.26 5.23 5.44 5.31 5.19 5.07 4.16

1984 4.97 3.93 3.59 4.36 5.48 5.60 5.61 5.51 5.27 4.37

1985 5.13 4.01 3.61 4.56 5.73 5.79 5.91 5.76 5.46 4.43

1986 5.33 4.11 3.65 4.71 5.95 5.95 6.13 5.99 5.75 4.73

1987 5.60 4.22 3.71 4.89 6.16 6.14 6.35 6.28 6.03 4.85

1988 5.84 4.48 3.91 5.05 6.44 6.36 6.76 6.59 6.08 5.12

1989 6.11 4.69 4.10 5.23 6.78 6.68 7.10 6.90 6.38 5.14

1990 6.44 4.95 4.35 5.57 7.07 7.01 7.37 7.16 6.73 5.45

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 103

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1991 6.75 5.08 4.64 5.71 7.34 7.19 7.73 7.61 6.95 5.76

1992 6.96 5.16 4.69 5.77 7.65 7.45 7.99 7.94 7.20 5.97

1993 7.12 5.27 4.73 5.96 7.87 7.61 8.16 8.18 7.56 6.18

1994 7.25 5.32 4.83 5.98 8.05 7.78 8.44 8.46 7.82 6.24

1995 7.46 5.49 4.94 6.09 8.17 7.92 8.63 8.72 7.93 6.45

1996 7.73 5.68 5.09 6.26 8.43 8.06 8.89 8.94 8.07 6.45

1997 7.94 5.95 5.42 6.55 8.75 8.20 9.14 9.26 8.31 6.83

1998 8.23 6.24 5.78 6.93 9.13 8.80 9.66 9.78 8.85 7.21

1999 8.64 6.60 5.98 7.22 9.53 9.10 9.83 9.95 9.33 7.50

2000 9.06 7.00 6.23 7.80 9.89 9.69 10.03 10.18 9.84 7.87

2001 9.64 7.25 6.61 8.00 10.20 9.94 10.44 10.85 10.39 8.14

2002 9.89 7.45 6.80 8.11 10.71 10.12 10.98 11.18 10.81 8.73

2003 10.08 7.59 6.85 8.19 11.01 10.51 11.17 11.79 11.05 8.84

2004 10.17 7.71 6.86 8.32 11.23 10.62 11.45 11.95 11.57 9.16

2005 10.31 7.80 6.92 8.50 11.58 10.86 11.84 12.13 11.86 9.82

2006 10.65 7.99 7.11 8.82 11.87 11.07 12.05 12.26 12.12 9.97

2007 10.98 8.15 7.41 9.00 12.05 11.21 12.36 12.85 12.23 10.15

2008 11.49 8.43 7.71 9.16 12.48 11.72 12.89 13.16 13.00 10.53

2009 11.76 8.58 7.82 9.19 12.76 11.96 13.00 13.09 13.59 11.11

2010 11.83 8.62 7.91 9.08 12.88 12.04 13.12 13.50 13.68 11.18

2011 11.98 8.73 7.96 9.16 13.10 12.12 13.44 13.76 14.03 11.76

2012 11.99 8.78 8.02 9.17 13.17 12.15 13.46 13.80 14.36 11.84

2013 12.12 8.93 8.09 9.40 13.36 12.23 13.77 13.94 14.53 12.22

2014 12.18 9.14 8.29 9.77 13.50 12.25 14.00 14.14 14.19 12.47

2015 12.56 9.54 8.75 9.95 13.92 12.89 14.13 14.80 14.77 12.66

2016 13.01 10.00 9.07 10.25 14.23 13.08 14.75 14.97 15.10 13.02

2017 13.56 10.28 9.59 11.00 14.83 14.00 14.92 15.16 15.21 13.88

2018 14.06 10.93 9.91 11.68 15.04 14.64 15.22 15.20 15.62 13.77

2019 14.85 11.59 10.09 12.07 15.58 15.10 15.90 15.97 16.18 14.78

Men

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 104

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1979 $5.65 $3.90 $3.19 $4.64 $6.69 $6.38 $7.12 $7.10 $6.59 $3.56

1980 6.10 4.10 3.37 4.92 7.22 6.93 7.81 7.78 7.24 3.79

1981 6.57 4.31 3.64 5.11 7.78 7.33 8.30 8.49 7.88 4.21

1982 6.85 4.38 3.66 5.12 8.08 7.67 8.89 8.88 8.14 4.46

1983 6.92 4.38 3.67 5.05 8.31 7.74 9.22 9.16 8.74 4.75

1984 7.12 4.57 3.72 5.16 8.60 7.88 9.51 9.69 8.86 4.91

1985 7.33 4.68 3.75 5.23 8.85 8.00 9.80 9.97 9.04 4.99

1986 7.59 4.79 3.82 5.43 9.02 8.03 9.99 10.15 9.54 5.18

1987 7.77 4.91 3.95 5.68 9.16 8.26 10.10 10.24 9.72 5.32

1988 7.91 5.03 4.14 5.79 9.38 8.41 10.22 10.69 9.74 5.52

1989 8.10 5.17 4.39 6.02 9.71 8.56 10.59 10.88 10.00 5.90

1990 8.27 5.44 4.64 6.18 9.84 8.83 10.73 11.13 10.17 6.08

1991 8.59 5.58 4.74 6.23 9.98 8.94 10.98 11.71 10.08 6.22

1992 8.67 5.65 4.80 6.24 10.06 9.02 10.93 12.02 10.39 6.45

1993 8.86 5.75 4.87 6.33 10.18 9.10 11.16 12.15 10.96 6.71

1994 9.00 5.88 4.98 6.56 10.29 9.10 11.50 12.10 11.06 6.64

1995 9.23 6.04 5.14 6.82 10.73 9.46 11.89 12.32 11.11 6.85

1996 9.52 6.17 5.25 6.99 10.78 9.70 11.91 12.40 11.15 7.04

1997 9.83 6.45 5.61 7.18 11.10 9.92 12.07 12.80 11.79 6.96

1998 10.06 6.91 5.98 7.78 11.72 10.22 12.48 13.04 12.22 7.74

1999 10.31 7.12 6.18 8.03 12.00 10.84 12.78 13.68 12.21 7.86

2000 10.81 7.63 6.64 8.39 12.24 10.97 13.14 13.90 12.81 8.31

2001 11.32 8.01 6.90 8.92 12.88 11.58 13.92 14.25 12.95 9.00

2002 11.64 8.05 7.02 8.88 13.05 11.89 13.96 14.40 13.38 9.78

2003 11.89 8.14 7.02 9.00 13.25 12.01 14.13 14.93 14.09 9.79

2004 12.02 8.21 7.15 9.07 13.74 12.03 14.60 15.11 14.54 9.90

2005 12.16 8.42 7.21 9.20 13.91 12.17 14.88 15.13 14.79 10.04

2006 12.68 8.79 7.43 9.75 14.27 12.63 15.06 16.04 15.04 10.72

2007 12.95 9.13 7.77 9.96 14.75 12.83 15.17 16.15 15.45 11.01

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 105

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. 

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2008 13.46 9.24 7.98 10.00 15.03 13.47 16.02 16.82 15.90 11.50

2009 13.76 9.22 8.05 9.99 15.07 13.20 16.10 16.99 16.09 12.00

2010 13.76 9.21 8.09 9.90 15.04 13.10 15.83 16.89 16.45 11.92

2011 13.80 9.23 8.16 9.90 15.11 13.18 16.03 16.88 17.07 12.85

2012 13.88 9.44 8.19 9.97 15.17 13.28 16.05 16.99 17.28 13.03

2013 14.00 9.67 8.37 10.00 15.27 13.42 16.21 17.17 17.28 12.88

2014 14.39 9.89 8.63 10.15 15.76 14.08 16.55 17.41 17.46 13.98

2015 14.67 10.03 8.97 10.64 15.86 14.17 16.48 17.55 17.99 14.15

2016 14.96 10.24 9.48 11.15 16.25 14.83 17.20 18.03 18.05 14.78

2017 15.20 10.99 9.88 11.88 17.00 15.15 17.89 18.74 18.60 14.93

2018 16.01 11.74 10.15 12.18 17.76 15.87 18.44 18.99 19.56 14.90

2019 16.76 12.20 10.56 13.12 18.05 16.63 19.16 19.24 19.80 15.81

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

1979 $4.44 $4.51 $4.11 - $4.08

1980 4.82 4.88 4.44 - 4.44

1981 5.15 5.18 4.90 - 4.81

1982 5.40 5.47 5.06 - 5.01

1983 5.59 5.66 5.15 - 5.09

1984 5.83 5.90 5.36 - 5.27

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2019 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 106

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1985 6.03 6.10 5.50 - 5.47

1986 6.20 6.28 5.80 - 5.65

1987 6.47 6.56 5.99 - 5.82

1988 6.73 6.81 6.15 - 5.95

1989 6.99 7.08 6.43 - 6.07

1990 7.23 7.33 6.81 - 6.28

1991 7.50 7.61 7.00 - 6.46

1992 7.72 7.82 7.06 - 6.65

1993 7.87 7.97 7.18 - 6.83

1994 8.01 8.11 7.29 - 6.93

1995 8.17 8.32 7.66 - 7.00

1996 8.40 8.57 7.76 - 7.17

1997 8.75 8.88 8.01 - 7.39

1998 9.10 9.22 8.39 - 7.92

1999 9.53 9.74 8.85 - 8.07

2000 9.91 9.96 9.34 $10.07 8.54

2001 10.19 10.26 9.78 10.75 9.06

2002 10.47 10.71 9.93 10.36 9.22

2003 10.85 10.97 10.15 11.12 9.76

2004 11.00 11.13 10.19 11.10 9.81

2005 11.19 11.48 10.17 12.01 9.95

2006 11.76 11.86 10.66 12.53 10.12

2007 11.95 12.08 10.89 12.22 10.24

2008 12.23 12.54 11.20 13.01 10.97

2009 12.44 12.66 11.64 13.16 11.04

2010 12.50 12.74 11.77 13.22 10.88

2011 12.71 12.91 11.79 13.35 11.05

2012 12.80 13.04 11.84 13.23 11.12

2013 12.93 13.15 11.90 13.62 11.25

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2019 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 107

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2014 13.14 13.57 11.88 14.00 11.83

2015 13.44 13.87 12.06 14.19 12.04

2016 14.00 14.24 12.49 14.79 12.69

2017 14.63 14.89 12.90 15.06 13.16

2018 14.99 15.16 13.64 15.24 13.99

2019 15.35 15.85 14.66 16.13 14.86

Women

1979 $3.62 $3.62 $3.55 - $3.44

1980 3.95 3.96 3.88 - 3.78

1981 4.28 4.28 4.19 - 4.10

1982 4.61 4.61 4.49 - 4.33

1983 4.80 4.81 4.72 - 4.42

1984 4.97 4.98 4.87 - 4.65

1985 5.13 5.14 5.04 - 4.82

1986 5.33 5.35 5.17 - 5.00

1987 5.60 5.62 5.40 - 5.11

1988 5.84 5.86 5.61 - 5.28

1989 6.11 6.13 5.88 - 5.53

1990 6.44 6.46 6.23 - 5.80

1991 6.75 6.76 6.55 - 5.98

1992 6.96 6.99 6.64 - 6.17

1993 7.12 7.16 6.87 - 6.31

1994 7.25 7.34 6.93 - 6.40

1995 7.46 7.54 7.12 - 6.60

1996 7.73 7.79 7.20 - 6.77

1997 7.94 8.00 7.59 - 6.82

1998 8.23 8.33 7.90 - 7.22

1999 8.64 8.73 8.13 - 7.46

2000 9.06 9.09 8.86 $9.77 7.89

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2019 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 108

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2001 9.64 9.73 9.15 10.07 8.28

2002 9.89 9.94 9.45 10.10 8.54

2003 10.08 10.11 9.91 10.68 8.88

2004 10.17 10.21 9.93 10.57 9.04

2005 10.31 10.50 9.93 11.64 9.18

2006 10.65 10.77 10.11 11.95 9.50

2007 10.98 11.06 10.45 11.83 9.80

2008 11.49 11.70 10.78 12.25 10.07

2009 11.76 11.83 11.01 12.67 10.09

2010 11.83 11.88 11.20 12.41 10.11

2011 11.98 12.05 11.28 12.80 10.25

2012 11.99 12.08 11.23 12.75 10.21

2013 12.12 12.21 11.54 13.04 10.49

2014 12.18 12.38 11.57 13.23 10.72

2015 12.56 12.82 11.70 13.80 11.08

2016 13.01 13.20 12.09 14.07 11.79

2017 13.56 13.87 12.55 14.23 12.09

2018 14.06 14.27 13.02 14.95 12.80

2019 14.85 14.93 14.00 15.29 13.74

Men

1979 $5.65 $5.79 $4.89 - $4.79

1980 6.10 6.23 5.18 - 5.03

1981 6.57 6.71 5.81 - 5.37

1982 6.85 6.98 5.97 - 5.73

1983 6.92 7.07 5.96 - 5.81

1984 7.12 7.26 6.16 - 6.04

1985 7.33 7.58 6.15 - 6.07

1986 7.59 7.78 6.57 - 6.19

1987 7.77 7.93 6.74 - 6.37

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2019 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 109

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1988 7.91 8.06 6.94 - 6.51

1989 8.10 8.28 7.07 - 6.66

1990 8.27 8.55 7.37 - 6.74

1991 8.59 8.82 7.57 - 6.88

1992 8.67 8.89 7.62 - 6.99

1993 8.86 9.07 7.67 - 7.12

1994 9.00 9.21 7.92 - 7.17

1995 9.23 9.62 8.16 - 7.26

1996 9.52 9.79 8.18 - 7.62

1997 9.83 9.96 8.67 - 7.90

1998 10.06 10.18 9.09 - 8.24

1999 10.31 10.61 9.77 - 8.61

2000 10.81 10.95 9.98 $10.79 9.04

2001 11.32 11.61 10.18 11.84 9.67

2002 11.64 11.86 10.24 11.02 9.92

2003 11.89 12.03 10.81 11.89 10.03

2004 12.02 12.16 10.88 11.90 10.02

2005 12.16 12.47 10.90 12.75 10.19

2006 12.68 12.88 11.42 13.18 10.84

2007 12.95 13.22 11.57 13.22 11.07

2008 13.46 13.85 11.99 14.03 11.83

2009 13.76 13.95 12.27 14.01 11.92

2010 13.76 13.97 12.16 14.11 11.73

2011 13.80 14.02 12.06 14.25 11.81

2012 13.88 14.17 12.20 14.15 11.96

2013 14.00 14.24 12.16 14.24 11.99

2014 14.39 14.86 12.21 14.66 12.38

2015 14.67 14.93 12.66 14.87 12.92

2016 14.96 15.13 13.06 15.04 13.83

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2019 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one 

race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians 

constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2017 15.20 15.79 13.34 16.65 14.37

2018 16.01 16.53 14.22 16.69 15.01

2019 16.76 17.10 14.98 17.22 15.25

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2019 annual averages [In 

current dollars]
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Technical Notes

The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides information on the 

labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau using a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible households 

representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The survey data on earnings are based on one-fourth of the CPS 

monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and 

unincorporated, are excluded from the data presented in this report.

The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can help explain 

earnings differences. This includes the direct comparisons of earnings levels among demographic groups and the 

women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios (that is, women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s) shown in the tables. For 

example, the overall ratio of women’s-to-men’s earnings for full-time workers presented here is not controlled for 

differences in important determinants of earnings such as age, occupation, and educational attainment. The earnings 

comparisons in this report are not restricted to workers with otherwise comparable characteristics and comparable jobs. 

Even controlling for one of the factors may not fully explain earnings differences. Comparisons of women’s and men’s 

earnings by detailed occupation, for example, are not simultaneously controlled for differences in key factors such as 

age, job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization.

Material in this report is in the public domain and may be used without permission. Information in this report will be made 

available upon request to individuals with sensory impairments. Voice telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay 

Service: 1 (800) 877-8339.

Concepts and definitions

The principal concepts and definitions used in this report are described briefly below.

Wage and salary workers are people age 16 and older who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payments in 

kind, or piece rates on their sole or principal job. This group includes employees in both the public and private sectors. 

All self-employed workers are excluded whether or not their businesses are incorporated.

Full-time workers are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work 35 hours or more per week 

at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment.

Part-time workers are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work fewer than 35 hours per 

week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time 

employment.

Usual weekly earnings reflect earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, 

or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Before 1994, respondents were asked how 

much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for 

them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually 

earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. 

The term “usual” is determined by each respondent’s own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a 

definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 

or 5 months.
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•

•

Median earnings reflect the midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of the workers having earnings above the 

median and the other half having earnings below the median. This applies to both usual weekly and hourly earnings 

estimates.

The BLS procedure for estimating the median of a weekly earnings distribution places each reported or calculated 

weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around a multiple of $50. Similarly, for hourly earnings, 

medians are calculated based on earnings distributions using $0.50-wide intervals that are centered around multiples of 

$0.50. In both cases, the median is calculated through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies.

Changes over time in the medians for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated 

for the overall median boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows:

There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the median earnings of 16- to 24-

year olds, and 25 years and older may rise. However, if the lower earning 16- to 24-age group accounts for a 

greatly increased share of the total, the overall median could actually fall.

There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a median 

boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values, such as 

$700 or $800. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster tends to change more 

slowly than one in other intervals. Consider, for example, the calculation of the median for a multipeaked earnings 

distribution that shifts over time. As this distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the same 

rate. Specifically, the median takes relatively more time to move through a frequently reported earnings interval, 

but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported 

interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians mitigate such irregular movements; however, users should be 

cautious of these effects when evaluating short-term changes in the medians and in ratios of the medians.

Workers paid hourly rates are employed wage and salary workers who report that they are paid by the hour on their job. 

Typically, workers paid an hourly wage have made up approximately 60 percent of all wage and salary workers. 

Estimates of workers paid by the hour include both full- and part-time workers unless otherwise specified.

Hourly earnings data are for wage and salary workers who are paid by the hour and pertain to earnings from a person’s 

sole or principal job. Hourly earnings for hourly paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received.

Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage include only workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers 

and other nonhourly paid workers are excluded, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, 

would be at or below the federal minimum wage.

The estimates of workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage in this report are based solely on whether the 

hourly wage they report (which does not include overtime pay, tips, or commissions) is at or below the federal minimum 

wage. Some respondents might round hourly earnings when answering survey questions. As a result, some workers 

might report having hourly earnings above or below the federal minimum wage when, in fact, they earn the minimum 

wage.

Some workers who reported earnings below the prevailing federal minimum wage may not be covered by federal or 

state minimum wage laws because of exclusions and exemptions in the statutes. Thus, the presence of workers with 

hourly earnings below the federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the federal Fair Labor 

Standards Act (FLSA) or state statutes in cases where such standards apply. The CPS does not include questions on 
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whether workers are covered by the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA or by individual state or local minimum wage 

laws.

The estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below 

the minimum wage. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because there 

are data quality concerns associated with constructing such an estimate.

Regular collection of earnings data in the basic CPS began in 1979. The prevailing federal minimum wage from 1979 to 

the present is as follows, with the last change occurring in 2009.

When the minimum wage has increased during a given year, the annual average estimates of the number of minimum 

wage workers reflect both minimum wage levels in effect during the year. For example, data for 2007 reflect the number 

Federal minimum wage Effective date

$2.90 January 1, 1979

$3.10 January 1, 1980

$3.35 January 1, 1981

$3.80 April 1, 1990

$4.25 April 1, 1991

$4.75 October 1, 1996

$5.15 September 1, 1997

$5.85 July 24, 2007

$6.55 July 24, 2008

$7.25 July 24, 2009
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of workers who earned the federal minimum wage of $5.15 for January to July and the number of workers who earned 

the minimum wage of $5.85 for August to December.

Race is reported by the household survey respondent. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget 

standards, White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, 

people in these categories are those who selected that race group only. People who identify more than one race are 

tabulated separately in the category Two or More Races. Before 2003, people identified one group as their main race. 

For more information on the 2003 changes to questions on race, see “Revisions to the Current Population Survey 

Effective in January 2003.” Data for other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and 

Other Pacific Islanders—and for people of Two or More Races are included in totals but not separately identified in this 

report because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of acceptable reliability.

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity refers to people who identified themselves in the survey process as being of Hispanic, 

Latino, or Spanish origin. People who identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race and are 

included in estimates for the race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) in addition to being shown 

separately.

Married, spouse present refers to people in opposite-sex marriages living together in the same household, even though 

one may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons.

Other marital status refers to people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; married, spouse absent; as 

well as people in same-sex marriages. Separated includes people with legal separations, those living apart with 

intentions of obtaining a divorce, and other people permanently or temporarily separated because of marital discord. 

Married, spouse absent, includes opposite-sex married people living apart because either the husband or wife was 

employed and living at a considerable distance from home, was serving away from home in the Armed Forces, had 

moved to another area, or had a different place of residence for any other reason except those listed in the separated 

definition above.

Inflation-adjusted earnings shown in this report use the Consumer Price Index research series using current methods 

(CPI-U-RS) to convert current dollars to constant, or inflation-adjusted, dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements 

to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these improvements make the CPI more accurate, the 

histories of official CPI series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many researchers need a historical 

series that measures price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate of the 

CPI that incorporates most of the methodological improvements made since 1978 into the entire series. For further 

information, see the CPI research series webpage.

This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS available at the time of production. Users should note that the 

CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the rate of inflation incorporated into the inflation-adjusted median 

earnings estimates in this report may differ from the rate used in previous reports in this series or in other publications.

Reliability

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they 

represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, 

and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of 
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confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.645 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence.

Readers should be aware that because of sampling error, apparent differences between estimates for two or more 

groups or categories may not be statistically significant, and therefore not meaningfully different from one another. 

Standard errors are shown with many of the median earnings estimates in this report to help readers evaluate 

differences in earnings estimates.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. 

Further information about the reliability of data from the CPS is available on the CPS Technical Documentation page of 

the BLS website.