# Patent

## Title
Turbo-charged engine combustion chamber pressure protection apparatus and

## Abstract

In an internal combustion engine with exhaust gas re-circulation including a fresh air supply duct extending from the charger of a turbocharger to the engine, an exhaust pipe extending from the engine to the turbine of the turbocharger for driving the turbocharger, and an exhaust gas re-circulation pipe extending from the exhaust pipe to the intake duct, the exhaust gas re-circulation pipe includes a flap valve having a pivotally supported flap which, in an open position of the flap valve, is disposed in a plane parallel to the direction of the exhaust gas flow through the flap valve for minimizing the flow resistance in the exhaust gas re-circulation pipe.

## Background
The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, particularly an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas re-circulation system including an exhaust gas re-circulation line, which branches off an exhaust gas pipe and returns exhaust gas to an engine intake duct and which includes a valve for controlling the re-circulation flow of the exhaust gas.

Such an internal combustion engine is described for example in DE 195 24 603 C1. The known internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas re-circulation system by way of an exhaust gas re-circulation line, which branches off an exhaust pipe and re-circulates exhaust gases to a charge air intake duct. The exhaust gas re-circulation line includes a shutoff valve which, depending on its position, permits, or blocks, passage of exhaust gases through the re-circulation line. During normal operation with exhaust gas re-circulation, the shut-off valve is closed when the engine power output is above a certain value since otherwise the charge air pressure in the intake duct would be higher than the exhaust gas pressure in the exhaust gas line so that no exhaust gas could flow through the exhaust gas re-circulation line.

The shutoff valve is a plate valve whose valve plate is biased by a valve spring onto an annular valve seat disposed in the exhaust gas re-circulation line. In an embodiment provided for commercial vehicles the shutoff valve opens against the flow direction of the exhaust gas to be re-circulated in order to prevent opening of the valve by the high exhaust gas pressure forces occurring in the exhaust gas duct during engine braking operation. These forces might otherwise exceed the closing forces of the valve spring whereby the valve would be pushed open resulting in a loss of engine braking power.

The shutoff valve is arranged at the point where the exhaust gas re-circulation line branches off the exhaust gas line and includes a tubular valve housing which forms a beginning section of the exhaust gas re-circulation line. The exhaust gas re-circulation line extends then from the valve housing at a right angle so that a valve spring and a valve operating membrane can be arranged in alignment with the tubular housing.

The shutoff valve opens into the exhaust gas line in such a way that the exhaust gas flow can pass the valve plate extending normal to the exhaust gas flow.

The known internal combustion engine has the disadvantage that, when the shutoff valve is open, the valve plate acts as a baffle plate generating a high flow resistance. The deflection of the exhaust gases necessitated by the design of the shutoff valve also results in an increased flow resistance. In order to provide for a flow of exhaust gas from the exhaust pipe to the intake duct, the exhaust gas pressure in the exhaust pipe must be higher than the intake air pressure in the intake duct. The pressure level required to be present in the exhaust pipe for the re-circulation of the exhaust gas depends among others on the flow resistance in the exhaust gas re-circulation line. In order to overcome the relatively high flow resistance caused by the shutoff valve, the pressure in the exhaust pipe must be relatively high to overcome the gas flow resistance which detrimentally affects fuel consumption of the engine.

Furthermore, the shutoff valve of the prior art arrangement is not provided with a firm stop at its open end position and can therefore be subject to oscillations because of pressure pulsations in the exhaust gas flow. As a result the free flow cross-section is reduced and the re-circulated exhaust gas volume becomes too small that is it deviates from the desired value.

In order to facilitate the flow of exhaust gases around the valve plate when the shutoff valve is open, in the arrangement shown in the patent publication the shutoff valve must be arranged exactly at the branch-off location of the exhaust gas re-circulation line and must open into this line. Otherwise, the exhaust gas re-circulation line needs to include a section of increased diameter in which the valve plate is accommodated in the open position of the shutoff valve. However, it is a disadvantage that, in the first case, the position of the exhaust valve is predetermined and cannot be changed, and, in the second case, the manufacturing costs are higher and the arrangement is larger and requires an increased amount of space.

It is the object of the present invention to provide an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas re-circulation system of the type referred to above which, however, has low flow losses in the exhaust gas re-circulation pipe and wherein the position of the valve in the exhaust gas re-circulation line can be selected freely and in a space-saving manner.

In an internal combustion engine with exhaust gas re-circulation including a fresh air supply duct extending from the charger of a turbocharger to the engine, an exhaust pipe extending from the engine to the turbine of the turbocharger for driving the turbocharger, and an exhaust gas re-circulation pipe extending from the exhaust pipe to the intake duct, the exhaust gas re-circulation pipe includes a flap valve having a pivotally supported valve flap which, in an open position of the flap valve, is disposed in a plane parallel to the direction of the exhaust gas flow through the flap valve for minimizing the flow resistance in the exhaust gas re-circulation pipe.

The internal combustion engine according to the invention has the advantage that the valve plate extends parallel to the flow in the exhaust gas re-circulation line when the valve is open whereby the cross-section of the valve body in the exhaust gas flow is quite small. As a result, the flow resistance is substantially smaller than that of the valves used in the state of the art arrangements. As a result, the fuel consumption of the engine is reduced.

Since the cross-section of the exhaust gas re-circulation line does not need to be increased to accommodate the valve flap, the valve may be arranged at any place within the exhaust gas re-circulation line. Furthermore, the form and contour of the flap may be easily adapted to the particular conditions in the exhaust gas re-circulation line. The pivot structure of the flap can be realized in a simple arrangement by a shaft on which the flap is mounted and whose ends are rotatably supported in the walls of the exhaust gas re-circulation pipe.

It is particularly advantageous if stops are arranged at the inside of the re-circulation pipe, which are sealingly engaged by the valve flap when the valve is closed. A tight closing of the flap valve prevents a pressure equalization between the intake charge air side and the exhaust side of the internal combustion engine which is advantageous for the dynamic operation of the engine.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flap of the valve has a cross-section, which is streamlined; preferably, it has a symmetrical drop-like shape. With this measure, the flow resistance of the flap can be substantially reduced.

FIG. 1 shows schematically an internal combustion engine with exhaust gas re-circulation,

FIG. 2 shows a part of FIG. 1 with an exhaust gas heat exchanger and valves incorporated therein,

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a valve installed in an eccentric fashion in a flow passage provided with stops,

FIG. 4 is a view in flow direction of the valve shown in FIG. 3,

FIG. 5 shows the cross-section of a flap edge of the valve flap shown in FIGS. 3 and 4,

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a valve with stops for a circular flap pivotally supported about a center axis,

FIG. 7 is a view in flow direction of the valve shown in FIG. 6,

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a valve pivotally supported about a center axis,

FIG. 9 is a view, in flow direction, of the valve shown in FIG. 8,

FIG. 10 shows the cross-section of a flap edge of the valve flap shown in FIGS. 8 and 9,

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a valve with streamlined flow cross-section,

FIG. 12 is a view, in flow direction, of the valve shown in FIG. 11,

FIG. 13 shows the cross-section of the elliptical front edge of the valve flap of FIG. 11, and

FIG. 14 shows, in cross-section, a wedge shaped edge of a valve flap.

The internal combustion engine 1 shown schematically in FIG. 1 is used, in its preferred application, for driving a commercial vehicle. The internal combustion engine 1 includes an exhaust gas turbocharger 2 with a compressor V by which compressed fresh air is supplied to an intake manifold 6 by way of a fresh air supply duct 4. An inter-cooler 8 is arranged in t h e fresh air supply duct 4 between the compressor V and the intake manifold 6. After combustion of the fuel/air mixture in the cylinders 10 of the internal combustion engine 1, the exaust gases generated thereby are discharged by way of an exaust manifold 12 and an exhaust pipe 14 to a turbine T of the exhaust gas turbocharger 2. The turbine T drives the compressor V.

At a branch location 16 of the exhaust pipe 14 upstream of the turbine T, an exhaust gas re-circulation line 18 branches off the exhaust pipe 14 and extends to a jointure 20 of the fresh air supply duct 4 downstream of the inter-cooler 8. Exhaust gases returned hereby to the fresh air supply duct 4 again participate in the combustion in the cylinders 10, whereby the NO.sub.x, emissions of the internal combustion engine are reduced. The re-circulation line 19 includes also a heat exchanger 22 in which the re-circulated exhaust gases are cooled.

Between the branch location 16 of the exhaust pipe 14 and the heat exchanger 22, the exhaust gas re-circulation line 18 includes a flap valve 24 by which the exhaust gas re-circulation flow can be controlled. Alternatively, such a flap valve 24 may be arranged between the exhaust gas heat exchanger 22 and the jointure 20 of the exhaust gas re-circulation line with the fresh air supply duct 4. The flap valve 24, 24' is operated by way of a control motor 25, 25' by a control signal which is generated by a control unit 26 depending on the respective engine operating point. Alternatively, the control signal could be generated depending on the likely exhaust gas composition as calculated from the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine 1.

As shown in the enlarged view of the exhaust gas heat exchanger 22 given in FIG. 2, the flap valve 24 can be arranged in flow direction directly in front of the exhaust gas heat exchanger 22, that is in its inlet opening 28 or directly after the exhaust gas heat exchanger 22 that is in its outlet opening 30. Alternatively, several flap valves 24 may be arranged in series or in parallel in the exhaust gas re-circulation line in side-by-side relationship.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show a preferred embodiment of a flap valve 4 according to the invention, wherein the full lines show the valve flap 24a in a closed position and the dashed lines show the valve flap 24a in an open position. The valve flap 24a is rectangular and has an outer diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the exhaust gas re-circulation line 18a which has a rectangular cross-section. The valve flap 24a includes a central bore 32a receiving a shaft 36a, which extends normal to the center axis 34a of the exhaust gas re-circulation line 18a and has free ends 38a projecting beyond the edges 40a of the valve flap 24.

The free ends 38a of the shaft 36a are rotatably supported in bearing structures 44a formed in the wall 42a of the exhaust gas re-circulation line. The valve flap 24a is preferably pressed onto the shaft 36a so that it is supported pivotally together with the shaft 36a relative to the exhaust gas re-circulation line 18a. Alternatively, the valve flap 24a may be welded to the shaft 36a or it may be screwed thereto. A control motor for operating the valve flap 24a may be welded to the shaft 36a which extends beyond the outer circumference of the exhaust gas re-circulation line 18a such that the shaft 36a and the valve flap 24a can be operated by the control motor.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the valve flap 24a is eccentrically supported. The bore 32a of the valve flap 24a receiving the horizontal shaft 36a is arranged at a distance A from the center axis of the exhaust gas re-circulation pipe 18a (upwardly as shown in the figures) so that the valve flap 24a has a shorter upper portion 46a and a longer lower portion 48a.

The valve flap 24a is preferably flat or thin, that is, the thickness of the valve flap 24a is small when compared to its diameter. As shown in FIG. 5, the outer flap edge 40a has wedge-like opposite edges 52a formed by angled wedge surfaces 50a. The wedge angle .alpha. is preferably between 20 and 70.degree..

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the exhaust gas re-circulation line 18a includes at its inner circumference an upper stop structure 54a and a lower stop structure 56a. The upper and lower stop structures 54a, 56a are displaced relative to each other in the longitudinal direction of the exhaust gas re-circulation pipe 18a, so that, in its closed position, the valve flap 24a engages with its upper edge the upper stop structure 54a at the side of the flap facing the exhaust gas side and, with its lower edge, the lower stop structure 56a at the side of the flap facing the charge air side. With the eccentric pivot support arrangement of the valve flap 24a, the gas pressure forces in the exhaust pipe 14 generate on the valve flap 24a, when closed, a torque by which the valve flap 24a is pressed against the upper and the lower stop structures 54a, 56a, whereby the valve flap 24a is held in a closed position. In this way, an unwanted opening of the valve flap 24a for example during engine braking operation is prevented.

The upper and the lower stop structures 54a, 56a have engagement surfaces 58a, which are oppositely directed and which are sealingly engaged by the valve flap edges 50a when the valve flap is in a closed position. In this way, the flap edges 50a and the respective engagement surfaces 58a form complementary seal surfaces. In addition, the end edge 52a of the flap edge portion 40a seals with respect to the inner surface of the pipe wall 42a of the exhaust gas re-circulation pipe 18a. The facing engagement surfaces 58a of the upper and the lower stop structures 54a, 56a engage the edge portion 52a of the closed valve flap 24a at opposite sides. Furthermore, the free ends of the upper and lower stop structures are in contact with the inner wall of the exhaust gas re-circulation pipe along a plane 62a, which includes the shaft 36a and extends parallel to the center axis 34a of the exhaust gas re-circulation line 4a, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The upper and the lower stop structures 54a, 56a together form a circumferentially extending engagement structure within the exhaust gas re-circulation pipe 18a.

As apparent from FIG. 3, the valve flap 24 is pivoted to its open position in a counter-clockwise direction so that then the longer lower portion 48a of the flap 24 is moved against the flow direction of the exhaust gases which is indicated by the arrow. The valve flap 24a extends in its open position parallel to the exhaust gas re-circulation flow. The control motor 25, 25' holds the valve flap 24a in its open position against any closing force resulting from the eccentric support of the valve flap 24a.

In the embodiment of the invention as shown in the FIGS. 6 and 7, the valve flap 24a is circular and also the cross-section of the exhaust gas re-circulation line 18b is circular. In contrast to the preferred embodiment, the valve flap 24b is centrally supported that is the bore 32b for receiving the horizontal shaft 36b coincides with the centerline of the valve flap. The circumferential edge 40b of the circular flap 24b also has a wedge shape as shown in FIG. 5. Again, an upper and a lower stop structures 54b, 56b are provided, which cooperate with the wedge-like edges 50b of the valve flap 24b in a sealing fashion. In its open position, the valve flap 24b is pivoted by the control motor in a clockwise direction to a position in which it is parallel to the flow direction and disposed in a plane receiving the center line 34b of the exhaust gas re-circulation pipe 186. Then the upper half of the valve flap 24b and particularly its streamlined flap edge 40b extends toward the flow direction of the exhaust gas indicated by the arrow.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show another embodiment of a valve flap 24c in an exhaust gas re-circulation line 18c with circular cross-section. In contrast to the previous embodiments, no stop structures are provided and the valve shaft is arranged vertically. Also, the outer flap edge 40c is not wedge shaped, but is rounded. In accordance with FIG. 10, the flap edge 40c has a cross-sectional profile with curvature radii R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which are identical and a seal surface 52c is formed in the center thereof. When the valve flap 24c is closed the seal surface 52c is in sealing engagement with the inner surface of the pipe wall 42c of the exhaust gas re-circulation pipe 18c. Although not shown in the drawings for this particular embodiment, stop structures and additional seal structures for engagement with the valve flap 24c could be provided also in this case.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show another embodiment of a valve flap 24d, which has a streamlined shape 64d and is mounted in an exhaust gas re-circulation pipe 18d of rectangular cross-section so as to be pivotable around a horizontal axis of a shaft 36d. The shaft 36d extends through the center of the valve flap 24d. The streamlined profile 64d includes a head portion 66d, which extends toward the flow of the exhaust gas when the valve flap is in an open position. The opposite end of the valve flap profile 64d, that is the foot end thereof, is wedge-shaped so that the valve flap has a drop-shaped cross-section. The drop-shaped profile is symmetrical in the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 so that no flow-generated vertical forces act on the valve flap 24d when it is in its open position. Alternatively, the valve flap 24d may have a wing-like profile and valve flap stops may be provided for engagement with the valve flap in the open or the closed position of the valve flap.

FIG. 13 shows the flap edge 40c of another embodiment of a valve flap 24e according to the invention wherein the edge of the valve flap 24e has an elliptical shape in cross-section. The elliptical profile 70e has a major axis a extending in the longitudinal direction of the valve flap and a minor axis b extending normal thereto.

FIG. 14 shows a valve flap edge 40f of an embodiment of a valve flap 24f, which is again wedge-shaped with a wedge angle .alpha. in the range of 40 to 80.degree.. The transition areas of the wedge surfaces 50f however are rounded having radii R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3.

The profiles of valve flap edges 40a, 40c, 40e, 40f as shown in FIGS. 5, 10, 13 and 14 all have good flow properties and extend toward the flow of the exhaust gas when the valve flap is in its open position.

The valve flaps 24a, 24b, 24c, 24e, 24f are not limited to be in fully closed or fully open positions. Rather the valve flaps can assume any intermediate position depending on the control provided by the control unit 26, so that the exhaust gas re-circulation line cross-section can be controlled in a continuous manner.

## Claims

1. An internal combustion engine with exhaust gas re-circulation, including an exhaust gas turbocharger having an exhaust gas turbine and a fresh air charger, a fresh air supply duct connected to said fresh air charger for supplying combustion air to said engine, an exhaust gas pipe extending from said engine to said exhaust gas turbine for driving said turbocharger, an exhaust gas re-circulation line branching off said exhaust gas pipe upstream of said exhaust gas turbine and leading to said fresh air supply duct downstream of said fresh air charger, and a flap valve arranged in said exhaust gas re-circulation line and including a pivotally supported valve flap which, in an open position of said flap valve, is disposed in a plane extending parallel to the direction of the exhaust gas flow through said exhaust gas re-circulation line and a first stop structure and a second stop structure provided on the inner wall of said exhaust gas re-circulation line displaced with respect to each other such that, in a closed position of said valve flap, the exhaust side of said flap engages the first stop structure and the intake side of said flap engages the second stop structure, said shaft being eccentrically mounted to said valve flap and pivotally supported such that said valve flap is biased by the exhaust gas pressure against the first and second stop structures when said valve flap is closed.

2. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein said flap has a streamlined cross-section in a plane extending in the flow direction of said exhaust gas normal to said valve flap.

3. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein said exhaust gas re-circulation line includes an exhaust gas heat exchanger and said flap valve is incorporated in said exhaust gas heat exchanger.

4. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of said valve flap is small in comparison with the diameter of said valve flap.

5. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein said valve flap is mounted on a shaft which extends normal to a center axis of said exhaust gas re-circulation line and to which said valve flap is connected for rotation therewith, said shaft being pivotally supported in the walls of said exhaust gas re-circulation line and connected to a control motor so as to be pivoted thereby.

6. An internal combustion engine according to claim 5, wherein said exhaust gas re-circulation line has a given cross-section and said valve flap has a shape corresponding to the cross-section of said exhaust gas re-circulation line, such that the exhaust gas re-circulation line is fully closed in the closed position of said valve flap.

7. An internal combustion engine according to claim 6, wherein said valve flap has a streamlined shape so as to minimize its flow resistance when said valve flap is in an open position.

8. An internal combustion engine according to claim 7, wherein said valve flap has edges of a wedge-shaped cross-section.

9. An internal combustion engine according to claim 7, wherein said valve flap has rounded edges.

10. An internal combustion engine according to claim 7, wherein said valve flap has eliptically shaped edges.

11. An internal combustion engine according to claim 7, wherein said valve flap has a drop-shaped cross-section.